CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>French National Centre for Scientific Research - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"87b12a16-4131-4cbf-a134-3191bb71d713","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research","wgTitle":"French National Centre for Scientific Research","wgCurRevisionId":1257587309,"wgRevisionId":1257587309,"wgArticleId":144610,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from April 2020","Articles containing French-language text","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","French National Centre for Scientific Research","Scientific organizations established in 1939","1939 establishments in France", "Publishing companies of France","Scientific organizations based in France"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research","wgRelevantArticleId":144610,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q280413","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/CNRS.svg/1200px-CNRS.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/CNRS.svg/800px-CNRS.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/CNRS.svg/640px-CNRS.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="French National Centre for Scientific Research - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research rootpage-French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=French+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=French+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=French+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=French+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Employment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recruitment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recruitment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Recruitment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recruitment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reform_proposals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reform_proposals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reform proposals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reform_proposals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Leadership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Leadership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Past_presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Past_presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Past presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Past_presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Past_directors_general" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Past_directors_general"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Past directors general</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Past_directors_general-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Past_and_current_president_director_general_(CEO)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Past_and_current_president_director_general_(CEO)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Past and current president director general (CEO)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Past_and_current_president_director_general_(CEO)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nobel_laureates_in_Physics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_laureates_in_Physics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Nobel laureates in Physics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_laureates_in_Physics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_laureates_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_laureates_in_Physiology_or_Medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_laureates_in_Physiology_or_Medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Nobel laureates in Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fields_Medal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fields_Medal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Fields Medal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fields_Medal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_distinctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_distinctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Other distinctions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_distinctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">French National Centre for Scientific Research</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A" title="المركز الوطني الفرنسي للبحث العلمي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المركز الوطني الفرنسي للبحث العلمي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_Nacional_de_la_Recerca_Cient%C3%ADfica" title="Centre Nacional de la Recerca Científica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Centre Nacional de la Recerca Científica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%95%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Εθνικό Κέντρο Επιστημονικών Ερευνών της Γαλλίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εθνικό Κέντρο Επιστημονικών Ερευνών της Γαλλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_Nacional_para_la_Investigaci%C3%B3n_Cient%C3%ADfica" title="Centro Nacional para la Investigación Científica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Centro Nacional para la Investigación Científica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacia_centrejo_pri_scienca_esploro" title="Nacia centrejo pri scienca esploro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nacia centrejo pri scienca esploro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNRS" title="CNRS – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="CNRS" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DA%98%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="مرکز ملی پژوهش‌های علمی فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مرکز ملی پژوهش‌های علمی فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0" title="프랑스 국립과학연구센터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스 국립과학연구센터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_nacionala_di_ciencala_serchado" title="Centro nacionala di ciencala serchado – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Centro nacionala di ciencala serchado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusat_Penelitian_Ilmiah_Nasional_Prancis" title="Pusat Penelitian Ilmiah Nasional Prancis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pusat Penelitian Ilmiah Nasional Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNRS" title="CNRS – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="CNRS" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99" title="המרכז הלאומי למחקר מדעי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המרכז הלאומי למחקר מדעי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituo_cha_Ufaransa_cha_utafiti_wa_kisayansi" title="Kituo cha Ufaransa cha utafiti wa kisayansi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kituo cha Ufaransa cha utafiti wa kisayansi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia_Nemzeti_Tudom%C3%A1nyos_Kutat%C3%A1si_K%C3%B6zpont" title="Francia Nemzeti Tudományos Kutatási Központ – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francia Nemzeti Tudományos Kutatási Központ" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="フランス国立科学研究センター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス国立科学研究センター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrul_Na%C8%9Bional_Francez_de_Cercet%C4%83ri_%C8%98tiin%C8%9Bifice" title="Centrul Național Francez de Cercetări Științifice – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Centrul Național Francez de Cercetări Științifice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Национальный центр научных исследований – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национальный центр научных исследований" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulusal_Bilimsel_Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma_Merkezi" title="Ulusal Bilimsel Araştırma Merkezi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ulusal Bilimsel Araştırma Merkezi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Національний центр наукових досліджень – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Національний центр наукових досліджень" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_t%C3%A2m_Nghi%C3%AAn_c%E1%BB%A9u_Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Khoa học Quốc gia Pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Khoa học Quốc gia Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="法國國家科學研究中心 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法國國家科學研究中心" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q280413#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&oldid=1257587309" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&id=1257587309&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrench_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrench_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:CNRS" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q280413" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French research organisation</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Centre national de la recherche scientifique</span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CNRS.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Logo of the CNRS" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/CNRS.svg/150px-CNRS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/CNRS.svg/225px-CNRS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/CNRS.svg/300px-CNRS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">19 October 1939<span class="noprint">; 85 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1939-10-19</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Governmental_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Governmental organisation">Governmental organisation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamental research">Fundamental research</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Campus Gérard Mégie, <a href="/wiki/16th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="16th arrondissement of Paris">16th arrondissement of Paris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language </div></th><td class="infobox-data">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Petit_(researcher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Petit (researcher) (page does not exist)">Antoine Petit</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Petit_(chercheur)" class="extiw" title="fr:Antoine Petit (chercheur)">fr</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main organ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Comité national de la recherche scientifique</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Budget </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>3.8 billion</span> (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-key_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-key-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Staff</th><td class="infobox-data">33,000 (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-key_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-key-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrs.fr">www<wbr />.cnrs<wbr />.fr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>French National Centre for Scientific Research</b> (French: <i lang="fr">Centre national de la recherche scientifique</i>, <b>CNRS</b>) is the French state research organisation<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the largest <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamental science">fundamental science</a> agency in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Declan_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Declan-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, it employed 31,637 staff, including 11,137 tenured researchers, 13,415 engineers and technical staff, and 7,085 contractual workers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is headquartered in Paris and has administrative offices in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Chile">Santiago de Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CNRS operates on the basis of research units, which are of two kinds: "proper units" (UPRs) are operated solely by the CNRS, and <a href="/wiki/Joint_Research_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Research Unit">Joint Research Units</a> (UMRs – French: <i lang="fr">Unité mixte de recherche</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are run in association with other institutions, such as <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colleges and universities in France">universities</a> or <a href="/wiki/INSERM" class="mw-redirect" title="INSERM">INSERM</a>. Members of Joint Research Units may be either CNRS researchers or university employees (<a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks_in_France" title="Academic ranks in France"><i>maîtres de conférences</i> or <i>professeurs</i></a>). Each research unit has a numeric code attached and is typically headed by a university professor or a CNRS research director. A research unit may be subdivided into research groups ("équipes"). The CNRS also has support units, which may, for instance, supply administrative, computing, library, or engineering services. </p><p>In 2016, the CNRS had 952 Joint Research Units, 32 proper research units, 135 service units, and 36 international units.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CNRS is divided into 10 national institutes:<sup id="cite_ref-Declan_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Declan-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Institute of Chemistry (INC)</li> <li>Institute of Ecology and Environment (INEE)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Physics_(INP)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of Physics (INP) (page does not exist)">Institute of Physics (INP)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_de_physique" class="extiw" title="fr:Institut de physique">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_physique_nucl%C3%A9aire_et_de_physique_des_particules" title="Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules">Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (IN2P3)</a></li> <li>Institute of Biological Sciences (INSB)</li> <li>Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences (INSHS)</li> <li>Institute for Computer Sciences (INS2I)</li> <li>Institute for Engineering and Systems Sciences (INSIS)</li> <li>Institute for Mathematical Sciences (INSMI)</li> <li>Institute for Earth Sciences and Astronomy (INSU)</li></ul> <p>The National Committee for Scientific Research, which is in charge of the recruitment and evaluation of researchers, is divided into 47 sections (e.g. Section 41 is mathematics, Section 7 is computer science and control, and so on).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research groups are affiliated with one primary institute and an optional secondary institute; the researchers themselves belong to one section. For administrative purposes, the CNRS is divided into 18 regional divisions (including four for the Paris region). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Pharmacology_and_Structural_Biology" title="Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology">Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Employment">Employment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Employment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Researchers who are permanent employees of the CNRS, equivalent to lifelong research fellows in English-speaking countries, are classified in two categories, each subdivided into two or three classes, and each class is divided into several pay grades.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Scientist (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">chargé de recherches</i></span>) </th> <th colspan="3">Senior scientist (<i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">directeur de recherche</i></span></i>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Normal class (CRCN) </td> <td><i>Hors classe</i> (CRHC) </td> <td>Second class (DR2) </td> <td>First class (DR1) </td> <td>Exceptional class (DRCE) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In principle, research directors tend to head research groups, but this is not a general rule (a research scientist can head a group or even a laboratory and some research directors do not head a group). </p><p>Employees for support activities include research engineers, studies engineers, assistant engineers and technicians. Contrary to what the name would seem to imply, these can have administrative duties (e.g. a secretary can be "technician", an administrative manager of a laboratory an "assistant engineer"). </p><p>Following a 1983 reform, the candidates selected have the status of civil servants and are part of the public service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recruitment">Recruitment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Recruitment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All permanent support employees are recruited through annual nationwide competitive campaigns (<i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">concours</i></span></i>). Separate competitives campaigns are held in each of the forty disciplinary fields covered by the institution and organized in sections. In the context of the competition, the section is made up of an eligibility jury, which reads the application files, selects some for the orals, holds the orals, and draws up a ranked list of potential candidates, submitted to the admission jury, which validates (or not) this ranking; the admission jury can make adjustments within this list. At the end of the admissions jury, the results are announced. </p><p>The competition is governed by very strict, well-defined legal rules, including the sovereignty and impartiality of the jury and the rules governing conflicts of interest: candidates are strictly forbidden to have any contact with a member of the jury, and no one may put pressure on the jury in any way whatsoever. If a member of the jury belongs to the candidate's family, he or she may not sit on the jury. The same applies if a candidate has worked extensively with one of the jury members over the past two years, or has a direct and regular relationship with him or her. </p><p>In 2020, the average age at recruitment was 33.9 years for <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">chargés de recherche</i></span> (research fellows), with wide variations between sections (in the humanities and social sciences, it was 36.3 years).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the average recruitment rate was 21.3 applicants for each single open position, again with variations to this rate between sections. The most competitive sections are usually Section 2 (theoretical physics), Section 35 (literature, philosophy and philology), Section 36 (sociology and law), and Section 40 (political science). In 2023, in Section 35, there were 158 applicants for four open positions, hence a recruitment rate of 2.53%. By comparison, Section 12 (molecular chemistry) received 33 applications for five open positions.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CNRS was created on 19 October 1939 by decree of President <a href="/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun">Albert Lebrun</a>. Since 1954, the centre has annually awarded <a href="/wiki/CNRS_Gold_medal" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRS Gold medal">gold, silver, and bronze medals</a> to French scientists and junior researchers. In 1966, the organisation underwent structural changes, which resulted in the creation of two specialised institutes: the National Astronomy and Geophysics Institute in 1967 (which became the National Institute of Sciences of the Universe in 1985) and the <i><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_physique_nucl%C3%A9aire_et_de_physique_des_particules" title="Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules">Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules</a></i> (IN2P3; English: National Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics) in 1971. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reform_proposals">Reform proposals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reform proposals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The effectiveness of the recruitment, compensation, career management, and evaluation procedures of CNRS have been under scrutiny. Governmental projects include the transformation of the CNRS into an organization allocating support to research projects on an ad hoc basis and the reallocation of CNRS researchers to universities. Another controversial plan advanced by the government involves breaking up the CNRS into six separate institutes. These modifications, which were again proposed in 2021 by think tanks such as the Institut Montaigne,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have been massively rejected by French scientists, leading to multiple protests.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Important reforms were also recommended in the 2023 assessment report of the HCERES.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Past_presidents">Past presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Past presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Fr%C3%A9jacques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Fréjacques (page does not exist)">Claude Fréjacques</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Fr%C3%A9jacques" class="extiw" title="fr:Claude Fréjacques">fr</a>]</span> (1981–1989)</li> <li>René Pellat (1989–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Br%C3%A9zin" title="Édouard Brézin">Édouard Brézin</a> (1992–2000)</li> <li>Gérard Mégie (2000–2004)</li> <li>Bernard Meunier (2004–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Br%C3%A9chignac" title="Catherine Bréchignac">Catherine Bréchignac</a> (2006–2010)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Past_directors_general">Past directors general</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Past directors general"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jean Coulomb (1957–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Jacquinot" title="Pierre Jacquinot">Pierre Jacquinot</a> (1962–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Curien" title="Hubert Curien">Hubert Curien</a> (1969–1973)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_P._Gregory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard P. Gregory (page does not exist)">Bernard P. Gregory</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_P._Gregory" class="extiw" title="fr:Bernard P. Gregory">fr</a>]</span> (1973–1976)</li> <li>Robert Chabbal (1976–1980)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Ducuing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Ducuing (page does not exist)">Jacques Ducuing</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Ducuing" class="extiw" title="fr:Jacques Ducuing">fr</a>]</span> (1979–1981)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Jacques_Payan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Jacques Payan (page does not exist)">Jean-Jacques Payan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Payan" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean-Jacques Payan">fr</a>]</span> (1981–1982)</li> <li>Pierre Papon (1982–1986)</li> <li>Serge Feneuille (1986–1988)</li> <li>François Kourilsky (1988–1994)</li> <li>Guy Aubert (1994–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Br%C3%A9chignac" title="Catherine Bréchignac">Catherine Bréchignac</a> (1997–2000)</li> <li>Geneviève Berger (2000–2003)</li> <li>Bernard Larrouturou (2003–2006)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Migus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnold Migus (page does not exist)">Arnold Migus</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Migus" class="extiw" title="fr:Arnold Migus">fr</a>]</span> (2006–2010)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Past_and_current_president_director_general_(CEO)"><span id="Past_and_current_president_director_general_.28CEO.29"></span>Past and current president director general (CEO)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Past and current president director general (CEO)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alain_Fuchs" title="Alain Fuchs">Alain Fuchs</a> was appointed president on 20 January 2010. His position combined the previous positions of president and director general. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antoine_Petit_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Antoine_Petit_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Antoine_Petit_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Antoine_Petit_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Antoine_Petit_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Antoine_Petit_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Antoine_Petit_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2052" data-file-height="2135" /></a><figcaption>Antoine Petit, current CEO of the CNRS</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>2010–2017: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Fuchs" title="Alain Fuchs">Alain Fuchs</a></li> <li>From 24 October 2017 to 24 January 2018 (interim): <a href="/wiki/Anne_Peyroche" title="Anne Peyroche">Anne Peyroche</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Since 24 January 2018: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Petit_(researcher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Petit (researcher) (page does not exist)">Antoine Petit</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Petit_(chercheur)" class="extiw" title="fr:Antoine Petit (chercheur)">fr</a>]</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several of the French Nobel Prize winners were employed by the CNRS, particularly at the start of their careers, and most worked in university laboratories associated with the CNRS. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nobel_laureates_in_Physics">Nobel laureates in Physics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nobel laureates in Physics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Alfred Kastler</a>, École normale supérieure (research director at CNRS from 1968 to 1972);</li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Louis Néel</a>, director of the Electrostatics and Metal Physics Laboratory (Grenoble) from 1946 to 1970;</li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a>, Collège de France, Higher School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry;</li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Georges Charpak</a>, Higher School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry and CERN (CNRS researcher from 1948 to 1959);</li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</a>, Collège de France and École normale supérieure (CNRS research associate from 1960 to 1962);</li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a>, CNRS/Thales <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_mixte_de_recherche" title="Unité mixte de recherche">UMR</a>, jointly with Peter Grünberg (German physicist);</li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Serge Haroche</a>, Collège de France (administrator), University of Paris-VI (from 1975 to 2001), CNRS (from 1967 to 1975).</li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Alain Aspect</a>, CNRS research director emeritus, professor at the École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, the École polytechnique and the Institut d'optique Graduate School.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nobel_laureates_in_Physiology_or_Medicine">Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a>, Professor Emeritus at the Institut Pasteur, Viral Oncology Unit, honorary research director at the CNRS and member of the Academies of Sciences and Medicine. Price in common with Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Harald zur Hausen;</li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Jules Hoffmann">Jules Hoffmann</a>, Emeritus Research Director, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (University of Strasbourg).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry">Nobel laureates in Chemistry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Nobel laureates in Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a>, University of Strasbourg and Collège de France (CNRS researcher from 1960 to 1966);</li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a>, University of Strasbourg (Researcher at CNRS from 1971 to 2014).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fields_Medal">Fields Medal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Fields Medal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Among the French mathematicians who obtained the Fields medal, only Jean-Christophe Yoccoz and Cédric Villani seem never to have been employed by the CNRS (they did, however, work in units associated with the CNRS).</li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Schwartz" title="Laurent Schwartz">Laurent Schwartz</a>, University of Nancy (CNRS scholarship holder from 1940 to 1944 at the University of Toulouse);</li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Serre" title="Jean-Pierre Serre">Jean-Pierre Serre</a>, Collège de France (attached, then in charge, then research professor at the CNRS from 1948 to 1954);</li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Thom" title="René Thom">René Thom</a>, University of Strasbourg (CNRS researcher from 1946 to 1953??);</li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Grothendieck" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Grothendieck">Alexandre Grothendieck</a>, University of Paris (research associate at CNRS from 1950 to 1953);</li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Connes" title="Alain Connes">Alain Connes</a>, Institute of Advanced Scientific Studies (intern, then attached, then research fellow at the CNRS from 1970 to 1974);</li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Louis_Lions" title="Pierre-Louis Lions">Pierre-Louis Lions</a>, Paris-Dauphine University (CNRS research associate from 1979 to 1981);</li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Lafforgue" title="Laurent Lafforgue">Laurent Lafforgue</a>, Institute of Advanced Scientific Studies (CNRS research fellow from 1990 to 2000 at Paris-XI);</li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Wendelin_Werner" title="Wendelin Werner">Wendelin Werner</a>, Paris-Sud 11 University (CNRS research fellow from 1991 to 1997 at Paris-VI then ENS);</li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Artur_%C3%81vila" class="mw-redirect" title="Artur Ávila">Artur Ávila</a>, Jussieu Institute of Mathematics -Paris Rive Gauche (research fellow then research director since 2003);</li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Alessio_Figalli" title="Alessio Figalli">Alessio Figalli</a>, who began his career in 2007 at the Jean-Alexandre Dieudonné mathematics laboratory (CNRS-UCA).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_distinctions">Other distinctions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other distinctions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2003: the Business Delegation receives the European Grand Prix for Innovation Awards, European innovation prize for scientific organizations;</li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Serre" title="Jean-Pierre Serre">Jean-Pierre Serre</a> wins the Abel Prize (researcher at the CNRS from 1948 to 1954);</li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sifakis" title="Joseph Sifakis">Joseph Sifakis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a> (highest distinction in computer science, considered the Nobel Prize in this field). He is research director at the CNRS in the Verimag laboratory which he founded.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CNRS_Gold_medal" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRS Gold medal">CNRS Gold medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNRS_Silver_Medal" title="CNRS Silver Medal">CNRS Silver Medal</a></li> <li>CNRS Bronze Medal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_pour_la_communication_scientifique_directe" title="Centre pour la communication scientifique directe">Centre pour la communication scientifique directe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Financial_data_Institute" title="European Financial data Institute">European Financial data Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratoire_d%27ethnologie_et_de_sociologie_comparative" title="Laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative">Laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_National_Research_Council" title="Spanish National Research Council">Spanish National Research Council</a> (CSIC), the Spanish counterpart to the CNRS</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-key-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-key_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-key_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228194226/http://www.cnrs.fr/en/aboutCNRS/key-figures.htm">"CNRS Key figures"</a>. CNRS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrs.fr/en/aboutcnrs/key-figures.htm">the original</a> on 28 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CNRS+Key+figures&rft.pub=CNRS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnrs.fr%2Fen%2Faboutcnrs%2Fkey-figures.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorozynski1990" class="citation news cs1">Dorozynski, Alexander (November 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130610202132/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-9200384.html">"<i>The CNRS at 50.</i> (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) (Salute to French Technology)"</a>. <i>R&D</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-9200384.html">the original</a> on 10 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=R%26D&rft.atitle=The+CNRS+at+50.+%28Centre+national+de+la+recherche+scientifique%29+%28Salute+to+French+Technology%29&rft.date=1990-11&rft.aulast=Dorozynski&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-9200384.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Declan-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Declan_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Declan_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2008" class="citation journal cs1">Butler, Declan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F453573a">"France's research agency splits up"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>453</b> (7195): 573. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Natur.453.....B">2008Natur.453.....B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F453573a">10.1038/453573a</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18509403">18509403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=France%27s+research+agency+splits+up&rft.volume=453&rft.issue=7195&rft.pages=573&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18509403&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F453573a&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008Natur.453.....B&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Declan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F453573a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCNRS2016" class="citation web cs1">CNRS (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrs.fr/fr/pdf/RA2016/RA_CNRS2016_complet_BD.pdf">"2016 activity report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>cnrs.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cnrs.fr&rft.atitle=2016+activity+report&rft.date=2016&rft.au=CNRS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnrs.fr%2Ffr%2Fpdf%2FRA2016%2FRA_CNRS2016_complet_BD.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDirection_Europe_de_la_recherche_et_coopération_internationale" class="citation web cs1">Direction Europe de la recherche et coopération internationale. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnrs.fr/derci/spip.php?article10">"Carte des bureaux"</a>. <i>cnrs.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cnrs.fr&rft.atitle=Carte+des+bureaux&rft.au=Direction+Europe+de+la+recherche+et+coop%C3%A9ration+internationale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnrs.fr%2Fderci%2Fspip.php%3Farticle10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnrs.fr/insmi/spip.php?article181">"INSMI – Institut national des sciences mathématiques et de leurs interactions – Joint Research Units (UMR)"</a>. <i>CNRS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNRS&rft.atitle=INSMI+%E2%80%93+Institut+national+des+sciences+math%C3%A9matiques+et+de+leurs+interactions+%E2%80%93+Joint+Research+Units+%28UMR%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnrs.fr%2Finsmi%2Fspip.php%3Farticle181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrs.fr/comitenational/sections/intitsec.php">"CoNRS – Sections – Intitulés"</a>. <i>cnrs.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cnrs.fr&rft.atitle=CoNRS+%E2%80%93+Sections+%E2%80%93+Intitul%C3%A9s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnrs.fr%2Fcomitenational%2Fsections%2Fintitsec.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dgdr.cnrs.fr/drhchercheurs/concoursch/informer/cand08-fr.htm">"CNRS – Concours chercheurs – s'informer sur les concours"</a>. <i>dgdr.cnrs.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dgdr.cnrs.fr&rft.atitle=CNRS+%E2%80%93+Concours+chercheurs+%E2%80%93+s%27informer+sur+les+concours&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgdr.cnrs.fr%2Fdrhchercheurs%2Fconcoursch%2Finformer%2Fcand08-fr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://epst-sgen-cfdt.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/CampagneCH_2020.pdf">"BILAN DE LA CAMPAGNE CHERCHEURS 2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>epst-sgen-cfdt.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=epst-sgen-cfdt.org&rft.atitle=BILAN+DE+LA+CAMPAGNE+CHERCHEURS+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fepst-sgen-cfdt.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F12%2FCampagneCH_2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://c3n-cn.fr/admissibilite-2023">"Classements d'admissibilité au concours CNRS 2023 | C3N – Coordination des responsables des instances du comité national"</a>. <i>c3n-cn.fr</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=c3n-cn.fr&rft.atitle=Classements+d%27admissibilit%C3%A9+au+concours+CNRS+2023+%26%23124%3B+C3N+%E2%80%93+Coordination+des+responsables+des+instances+du+comit%C3%A9+national&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fc3n-cn.fr%2Fadmissibilite-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.institutmontaigne.org/en/blog/french-brief-impetus-reform-higher-education-and-research-france">"The French Brief – Impetus for Reform: Higher Education and Research in France"</a>. Institut Montaigne.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+French+Brief+%E2%80%93+Impetus+for+Reform%3A+Higher+Education+and+Research+in+France&rft.pub=Institut+Montaigne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.institutmontaigne.org%2Fen%2Fblog%2Ffrench-brief-impetus-reform-higher-education-and-research-france&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverts2008" class="citation journal cs1">Everts, Sarah (2 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/cen/news/86/i22/8622notw3.html">"Latest News – Scientists Protest in France"</a>. <i>Chemical & Engineering News</i>. <b>86</b> (22): 13. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcen-v086n022.p013a">10.1021/cen-v086n022.p013a</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+%26+Engineering+News&rft.atitle=Latest+News+%E2%80%93+Scientists+Protest+in+France&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=13&rft.date=2008-06-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcen-v086n022.p013a&rft.aulast=Everts&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.acs.org%2Fcen%2Fnews%2F86%2Fi22%2F8622notw3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStafford2008" class="citation web cs1">Stafford, Ned (5 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2008/June/05060801.asp">"Chemists give cautious welcome for French science reforms"</a>. <i>Chemistry World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+World&rft.atitle=Chemists+give+cautious+welcome+for+French+science+reforms&rft.date=2008-06-05&rft.aulast=Stafford&rft.aufirst=Ned&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2Fchemistryworld%2FNews%2F2008%2FJune%2F05060801.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hceres.fr/en">"Publication of the assessment report of the CNRS"</a>. <i>Hcéres</i>. 20 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hc%C3%A9res&rft.atitle=Publication+of+the+assessment+report+of+the+CNRS&rft.date=2023-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hceres.fr%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChimie2017" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chimie, Info (13 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.industrie.com/chimie/anne-peyroche-presidente-par-interim-du-cnrs,85763">"Anne Peyroche, présidente par intérim du CNRS – Info Chimie"</a>. <i>industrie.com</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=industrie.com&rft.atitle=Anne+Peyroche%2C+pr%C3%A9sidente+par+int%C3%A9rim+du+CNRS+%E2%80%93+Info+Chimie&rft.date=2017-11-13&rft.aulast=Chimie&rft.aufirst=Info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.industrie.com%2Fchimie%2Fanne-peyroche-presidente-par-interim-du-cnrs%2C85763&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:CNRS" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:CNRS">CNRS</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrs.fr/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/histoire-cnrs/">"Review of the history of the CNRS"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+of+the+history+of+the+CNRS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fhistoire-cnrs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnrseditions.fr/">"CNRS Editions"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CNRS+Editions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnrseditions.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+National+Centre+for+Scientific+Research" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>"The founding of CNRS" (1939), online and analysed on <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibnum.education.fr/scienceshumainesetsociales/histoire-de-l-enseignement/decret-organisant-le-centre-national-de-la-rec">BibNum</a></i> <small>[click 'à télécharger' for English version]</small></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_scientific_research_facilities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scientific_research_in_France" title="Template:Scientific research in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scientific_research_in_France" title="Template talk:Scientific research in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scientific_research_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scientific research in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_scientific_research_facilities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">French scientific research facilities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tablissement_public_%C3%A0_caract%C3%A8re_scientifique,_culturel_et_professionnel" title="Établissement public à caractère scientifique, culturel et professionnel">University-grade institutes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_universities_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of public universities in France">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tablissement_public_%C3%A0_caract%C3%A8re_scientifique,_culturel_et_professionnel#Different_types_of_EPSCP" title="Établissement public à caractère scientifique, culturel et professionnel">Autonomous institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">Écoles normales supérieures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grands_%C3%A9tablissements" title="Grands établissements">Grands établissements</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Public_Scientific_and_Technical_Research_Establishment" class="mw-redirect" title="French Public Scientific and Technical Research Establishment">Public research institutes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_recherche_en_sciences_et_technologies_pour_l%27environnement_et_l%27agriculture" title="Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture">IRSTEA</a> (agriculture)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CNRS</a> (fundamental sciences)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_d%27%C3%A9tudes_d%C3%A9mographiques" title="Institut national d'études démographiques">INED</a> (demography)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_recherche_agronomique" title="Institut national de la recherche agronomique">INRA</a> (agronomy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFSTTAR" title="IFSTTAR">IFSTTAR</a> (transports and civil engineering)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Institute_for_Research_in_Computer_Science_and_Automation" title="French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation">INRIA</a> (computer science and control)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inserm" title="Inserm">INSERM</a> (medicine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_Institute_for_Development" title="Research Institute for Development">IRD</a> (development)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tablissement_public_%C3%A0_caract%C3%A8re_industriel_et_commercial" title="Établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial">Public industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_de_Recherches_G%C3%A9ologiques_et_Mini%C3%A8res" title="Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières">BRGM</a> (geoscience)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Alternative_Energies_and_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission">CEA</a> (nuclear industry and renewables)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFREMER" title="IFREMER">IFREMER</a> (maritime applications)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ONERA" title="ONERA">ONERA</a> (aerospace)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280413#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280413#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280413#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122597504">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/131080861">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/532343/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4543-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79049545">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118629315">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118629315">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV038178">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35098129">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique (Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2004238868&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Caisse nationale de la recherche scientifique (Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2004238870&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Centre national de la recherche scientifique appliquée (Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2004238869&CON_LNG=ENG">3</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX112880">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/403952">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/5032562">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000042296&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000086245">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=113990">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000068212">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810633645205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/9933">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259502105171">Israel</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007460747805171">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511676806706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00033611?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500246790">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02636817X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60w2ksw">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/4796">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/institutions/43010">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&oldid=1257587309">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&oldid=1257587309</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research" title="Category:French National Centre for Scientific Research">French National Centre for Scientific Research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scientific_organizations_established_in_1939" title="Category:Scientific organizations established in 1939">Scientific organizations established in 1939</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1939_establishments_in_France" title="Category:1939 establishments in France">1939 establishments in France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Publishing_companies_of_France" title="Category:Publishing companies of France">Publishing companies of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scientific_organizations_based_in_France" title="Category:Scientific organizations based in France">Scientific organizations based in France</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2020">Use dmy dates from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 November 2024, at 18:19<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-lt4nx","wgBackendResponseTime":225,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.639","walltime":"0.787","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4110,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":72407,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4739,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":74288,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 699.779 1 -total"," 33.41% 233.808 1 Template:Infobox_organization"," 32.44% 227.022 1 Template:Infobox"," 20.00% 139.975 5 Template:Lang"," 19.85% 138.934 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.38% 107.658 13 Template:Cite_web"," 9.71% 67.958 1 Template:Scientific_research_in_France"," 9.48% 66.345 1 Template:Navbox"," 9.18% 64.208 1 Template:Commons_category"," 8.96% 62.725 1 Template:Sister_project"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.433","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14872988,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-z58hw","timestamp":"20241122140908","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"French National Centre for Scientific Research","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q280413","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q280413","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-11-06T10:52:49Z","dateModified":"2024-11-15T18:19:06Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/2\/2c\/CNRS.svg","headline":"French research organisation"}</script> </body> </html>