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citation_author=Niemz, K; citation_author=Griffiths, M; citation_author=Banyard, P; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_journal_title=Cyberpsychol Behav; citation_volume=8; citation_firstpage=562; citation_lastpage=570; citation_doi=10.1089/cpb.2005.8.562"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The association between adult ADHD symptoms and Internet addiction among college students: the gender difference.; citation_author=Yen, JY; citation_author=Yen, CF; citation_author=Chen, CS; citation_author=Tang, TC; citation_author=Ko, CH; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_journal_title=Cyberpsychol Behav; citation_volume=12; citation_firstpage=187; citation_lastpage=191; citation_doi=10.1089/cpb.2008.0113"> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="Internet addiction is a newly emergent disorder. It has been found to be associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Information about such coexisting psychiatric disorders is essential to understand the mechanism of Internet addiction. In this review, we have recruited articles mentioning coexisting psychiatric disorders of Internet addiction from the PubMed database as at November 3, 2009. We describe the updated results for such disorders of Internet addiction, which include substance use disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, hostility, and social anxiety disorder. We also provide discussion for possible mechanisms accounting for the coexistence of psychiatric disorders and Internet addiction. The review might suggest that combined psychiatric disorders mentioned above should be evaluated and treated to prevent their deteriorating effect on the prognosis of Internet addiction. On the other hand, Internet addiction should be paid more attention to when treating people with these coexisting psychiatric disorders of Internet addiction. Additionally, we also suggest future necessary research directions that could provide further important information for the understanding of this issue."> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.04.011"> <link rel="alternate" href="/core/journals/european-psychiatry/article/abs/association-between-internet-addiction-and-psychiatric-disorder-a-review-of-the-literature/6F832F071AE5D508DC03A4EF9339C69E" hreflang="en" /> <link rel="icon" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans:400,700,400italic,700italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/css/app.css?version=v7.337.1-hotfix"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://usage.prod.aop.cambridge.org/v1/events"> <link rel="stylesheet" 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data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-3692cf84><span data-v-63dfaf6e>European Psychiatry</span> </a></li><li class="page-breadcrumbs__item" data-v-3692cf84><span aria-hidden="true" class="breadcrumbs-wrapper__arrow" data-v-3692cf84>></span><a href="/core/journals/european-psychiatry/issue/01E304487198A43A35B9808101187527" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-3692cf84><span data-v-63dfaf6e>Volume 27 Issue 1</span> </a></li><li class="page-breadcrumbs__item" data-v-3692cf84><span aria-hidden="true" class="breadcrumbs-wrapper__arrow" data-v-3692cf84>></span><span data-v-3692cf84>The association between Internet addiction and psychiatric...</span></li></ul></div></div> <div class="language" data-v-3692cf84><ul class="language-switch" data-v-6b1118dd data-v-3692cf84><li aria-label="English" data-v-6b1118dd><span class="language-option current divider" data-v-6b1118dd>English</span></li><li aria-label="Français" data-v-6b1118dd><span role="button" tabindex="0" href="#" lang="fr" class="language-option" data-v-6b1118dd> Français </span></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="container container__modified" data-v-01274b1d>  <div class="row" data-v-01274b1d><div role="complementary" aria-label="table of content" class="column__left" data-v-01274b1d><div class="col journal-container row" data-v-146270e8 data-v-01274b1d><img src="https://static.cambridge.org/covers/EPA_0_0_0/european-psychiatry.jpg" alt="" class="journal__image" data-v-146270e8> <a href="/core/journals/european-psychiatry" class="app-link journal__title app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-146270e8><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>European Psychiatry </span> </a> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-146270e8></div>  <div id="toc" class="table-of-content" data-v-01274b1d><h2>Article contents</h2> <div id="toc-list-wrapper" class="table-of-content__wrapper"><ul id="toc-list" class="list"><li class="list__item"><a href="#sec0" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">Abstract</span></a></li>  <li class="list__item"><a href="#references-list" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">References</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div> <div class="column__main" data-v-01274b1d><div class="row" data-v-01274b1d><div class="column__main__left" data-v-01274b1d><div id="maincontent" class="col" data-v-862424e6 data-v-01274b1d> <hgroup data-v-862424e6><h1 data-v-862424e6>The association between Internet addiction and psychiatric disorder: A review of the literature</h1> </hgroup>     <div class="row published-date" data-v-862424e6><p data-v-862424e6> Published online by Cambridge University Press: <strong data-v-862424e6>15 April 2020</strong></p></div>   <div class="contributors-details" data-v-99f6eb26 data-v-862424e6><div class="row contributors" data-v-99f6eb26><div class="col" data-v-99f6eb26><div class="row contributor-type" data-v-792406ce data-v-99f6eb26> <div class="contributor-type__contributor" data-v-792406ce><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=C.-H.%20Ko&eventCode=SE-AU" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><span data-v-63dfaf6e>C.-H. Ko</span> </a>  <span data-v-792406ce>,</span></div><div class="contributor-type__contributor" data-v-792406ce><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=J.-Y.%20Yen&eventCode=SE-AU" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><span data-v-63dfaf6e>J.-Y. Yen</span> </a>  <span data-v-792406ce>,</span></div><div class="contributor-type__contributor" data-v-792406ce><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=C.-F.%20Yen&eventCode=SE-AU" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><span data-v-63dfaf6e>C.-F. Yen</span> </a>  <span data-v-792406ce>,</span></div><div class="contributor-type__contributor" data-v-792406ce><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=C.-S.%20Chen&eventCode=SE-AU" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><span data-v-63dfaf6e>C.-S. Chen</span> </a>  <span data-v-792406ce> and</span></div><div class="contributor-type__contributor" data-v-792406ce><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=C.-C.%20Chen&eventCode=SE-AU" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><span data-v-63dfaf6e>C.-C. Chen</span> </a>  <span data-v-792406ce></span></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-2 collapse-link" data-v-99f6eb26><a href="#authors-details" data-toggle="collapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="authors-details" class="app-link collapsed app-link__text-icon app-link--secondary reverse" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-99f6eb26><img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" alt="" class="app-icon icon arrow-down" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-63dfaf6e><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Show author details </span> </a></div></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-99f6eb26> <dl id="authors-details" class="authors-details collapse" data-v-2edb8da6 data-v-99f6eb26><div data-test-author="C.-H. Ko" class="row author" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-12 col-sm-2 title" data-v-2edb8da6>C.-H. Ko</dt> <dd class="col content d-inline d-sm-flex" data-v-2edb8da6><span class="content__title" data-v-2edb8da6>Affiliation:</span> <div class="d-sm-flex flex-column flex-sm-1 d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan</span> </span><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan</span> </span><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan</span> </span></div></dd></div><div data-test-author="J.-Y. Yen" class="row author" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-12 col-sm-2 title" data-v-2edb8da6>J.-Y. Yen</dt> <dd class="col content d-inline d-sm-flex" data-v-2edb8da6><span class="content__title" data-v-2edb8da6>Affiliation:</span> <div class="d-sm-flex flex-column flex-sm-1 d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan</span> </span><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan</span> </span><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan</span> </span></div></dd></div><div data-test-author="C.-F. Yen" class="row author" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-12 col-sm-2 title" data-v-2edb8da6>C.-F. Yen</dt> <dd class="col content d-inline d-sm-flex" data-v-2edb8da6><span class="content__title" data-v-2edb8da6>Affiliation:</span> <div class="d-sm-flex flex-column flex-sm-1 d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan</span> </span><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan</span> </span></div></dd></div><div data-test-author="C.-S. Chen" class="row author" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-12 col-sm-2 title" data-v-2edb8da6>C.-S. Chen</dt> <dd class="col content d-inline d-sm-flex" data-v-2edb8da6><span class="content__title" data-v-2edb8da6>Affiliation:</span> <div class="d-sm-flex flex-column flex-sm-1 d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan</span> </span><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan</span> </span><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan</span> </span></div></dd></div><div data-test-author="C.-C. Chen" class="row author" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-12 col-sm-2 title" data-v-2edb8da6>C.-C. Chen*</dt> <dd class="col content d-inline d-sm-flex" data-v-2edb8da6><span class="content__title" data-v-2edb8da6>Affiliation:</span> <div class="d-sm-flex flex-column flex-sm-1 d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan</span> </span><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan</span> </span><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Department of Psychiatry, Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital, 130, Kai-Suan 2RD, Ling-Ya District, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan, ROC</span> </span></div></dd></div> <div class="row" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-sm-2 col-12 title" data-v-2edb8da6> * </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-2edb8da6><div class="row" data-v-2edb8da6><div class="d-sm-flex d-inline flex-sm-1 flex-sm-wrap" data-v-2edb8da6><div class="d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><div class="corresp"><span class="label"><span class="sup">*</span></span> Corresponding author. Tel.: +886 7 7513171; fax: +886 7 7712494. <span class="italic">E-mail addresses:</span><a href="mailto:ccchen@mail.khja.org.tw">ccchen@mail.khja.org.tw</a>, <a href="mailto:cyberko@seed.net.tw">cyberko@seed.net.tw</a> (C.-C. Chen).</div></span></div></div></div></dd></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-2edb8da6></dl></div></div> <div id="app-tabs" class="tabs" data-v-1d90c6ce data-v-01274b1d><div id="app-tabs-wrapper" class="tabs__wrapper" data-v-1d90c6ce><div role="navigation" aria-label="tab navigation" class="container" data-v-1d90c6ce><a data-toggle="collapse" href="#appTabs" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="appTabs" class="tabs__collapse collapsed d-sm-none d-print-none" data-v-1d90c6ce><span data-v-1d90c6ce></span> <span class="tabs-arrow-up" data-v-1d90c6ce></span> <span class="tabs-arrow-down" data-v-1d90c6ce></span></a> <ul id="appTabs" role="tablist" class="nav nav-tabs tabs__list collapse show" data-v-1d90c6ce><li role="none" class="tabs__tab" data-v-1d90c6ce><a aria-selected="true" href="#article-tab" role="tab" aria-controls="article-tab" tabindex="-1" class="active" data-v-1d90c6ce>Article </a></li><li role="none" class="tabs__tab" data-v-1d90c6ce><a href="#comments-tab" role="tab" aria-controls="comments-tab" tabindex="-1" data-v-1d90c6ce>Comments </a></li><li role="none" class="tabs__tab" data-v-1d90c6ce><a href="#metrics-tab" role="tab" aria-controls="metrics-tab" tabindex="-1" data-v-1d90c6ce>Metrics </a></li></ul></div></div> <div tabindex="0" role="region" aria-label="Tab content" class="tab-content" data-v-1d90c6ce><div id="article-tab" class="tab-pane active" data-v-43a4d572><div id="toc-mobile" class="table-of-content-mobile d-sm-none" data-v-43a4d572><a data-toggle="collapse" href="#toc-list-mobile" role="button" aria-expanded="false" class="toc-collapse-switch collapsed"><span class="default-heading">Article contents</span>  <span class="toc-arrow-up"></span> <span class="toc-arrow-down"></span></a> <ul id="toc-list-mobile" class="list collapse"><li class="list__item"><a href="#sec0" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">Abstract</span></a></li>  <li class="list__item"><a href="#references-list" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">References</span></a></li></ul></div> <div class="action-bar" data-v-43a4d572><div class="row items"><a href="#access-block" data-test-id="buttonGetAccess" class="get-access-link" data-v-4cc7be75 data-v-43a4d572>Get access</a>  <div class="app-dropdown d-print-none share-dropdown" data-v-fab090b8 data-v-beffd87c data-v-43a4d572><button aria-expanded="false" data-test-id="buttonShareOptions" id="share-dropdown" class="app-button dropdown-menu-button app-button__text-icon app-button--secondary" data-v-2a038744 data-v-fab090b8><img src="/core/page-component/img/share-icon.cbcfad8.svg" alt="" class="app-icon icon share" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-2a038744> <span class="text" data-v-2a038744>Share</span></button> <div aria-labelledby="share-dropdown" class="app-dropdown__menu" style="display:none;" data-v-fab090b8><div aria-labelledby="dropdown-share-button" data-v-fab090b8 data-v-beffd87c> <div class="social-share-container" data-v-fab090b8 data-v-beffd87c></div></div> <button aria-label="Close Share dropdown" aria-expanded="false" class="app-button close-icon app-button__icon app-button--" data-v-2a038744 data-v-fab090b8><img src="/core/page-component/img/close-icon.194b28a.svg" alt="" class="app-icon icon close" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-2a038744> </button></div></div> <button aria-expanded="false" data-test-id="buttonCiteOptions" data-prod-id="6F832F071AE5D508DC03A4EF9339C69E" data-toggle="modal" href="#cite-modal" class="app-button cite-button d-print-none app-button__text-icon app-button--secondary export-citation-product" data-v-2a038744 data-v-2ce5f61d data-v-43a4d572><img src="/core/page-component/img/cite-icon.44eaaa4.svg" alt="" class="app-icon icon cite" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-2a038744> <span class="text" data-v-2a038744>Cite</span></button>  </div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a></div> <div class="share-modal-overlay" style="display:none;" data-v-43a4d572></div> <div data-spy="scroll" data-target="#toc" class="scrollspy-content" data-v-43a4d572> <div id="sec0" class="col article-abstract sec" data-v-2fa8b348 data-v-43a4d572><div class="abstract-text-container" data-v-2fa8b348><div lang="en"><h2>Abstract</h2>  <div class="abstract-content"><div class="abstract" data-abstract-type="normal"><p>Internet addiction is a newly emergent disorder. It has been found to be associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Information about such coexisting psychiatric disorders is essential to understand the mechanism of Internet addiction. In this review, we have recruited articles mentioning coexisting psychiatric disorders of Internet addiction from the PubMed database as at November 3, 2009. We describe the updated results for such disorders of Internet addiction, which include substance use disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, hostility, and social anxiety disorder. We also provide discussion for possible mechanisms accounting for the coexistence of psychiatric disorders and Internet addiction. The review might suggest that combined psychiatric disorders mentioned above should be evaluated and treated to prevent their deteriorating effect on the prognosis of Internet addiction. On the other hand, Internet addiction should be paid more attention to when treating people with these coexisting psychiatric disorders of Internet addiction. Additionally, we also suggest future necessary research directions that could provide further important information for the understanding of this issue.</p></div></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="abstract-divider separator default" data-v-7036083a></div></div>   </div>  <div class="keywords" data-v-86c27100 data-v-43a4d572><h2 data-v-86c27100>Keywords</h2> <div class="row keywords__pills" data-v-86c27100><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Internet addiction" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Internet addiction</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Substance use disorder" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Substance use disorder</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Comorbidity" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Comorbidity</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=ADHD" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>ADHD</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Depression" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Depression</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Social anxiety" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Social anxiety</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Hostility" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Hostility</span></a></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-86c27100></div>  <dl class="article-details" data-v-6e32a161 data-v-43a4d572><div class="row" data-v-6e32a161><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-6e32a161> Type </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-6e32a161>Review</dd></div> <div class="row" data-v-6e32a161><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-6e32a161> Information </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-6e32a161><div class="content__journal" data-v-6e32a161><a href="/core/journals/european-psychiatry" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>European Psychiatry </span> </a> <span data-v-6e32a161> , <a href="/core/journals/european-psychiatry/volume/0002B13C23899C3E639A61998C32E15A" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Volume 27 </span> </a></span> <span data-v-6e32a161> , <a href="/core/journals/european-psychiatry/issue/01E304487198A43A35B9808101187527" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Issue 1 </span> </a></span> <span data-v-6e32a161>, January 2012</span>  <span data-v-6e32a161>, pp. 1 - 8</span> </div> <div class="doi-data" data-v-6e32a161><div data-v-6e32a161>DOI: <a target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.04.011" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.04.011 </span> <span class="sr-only" data-v-63dfaf6e>[Opens in a new window]</span></a></div> </div>  </dd></div>   <div class="row" data-v-6e32a161><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-6e32a161> Copyright </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-6e32a161><div data-v-6e32a161> Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2012 </div></dd></div></dl> <div id="access-block" class="d-print-none" data-v-43a4d572><div class="access-options"><h2 class="access-options__heading">Access options</h2> <span>Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)</span> <div class="access-options__content access-options__new"> </div></div></div> <div id="content-container" class="content-container" data-v-43a4d572>   <hr aria-hidden="true" class="list-divider separator default" data-v-7036083a> <div id="references-list" class="circle-list"><h2>References</h2> <div id="bib0005" aria-flowto="reference-1-content reference-1-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="false" class="circle-list__item__number"> [1] </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-1-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Anderson</span>, <span class="given-names">KJ</span></span><span class="article-title">Internet use among college students: an exploratory study.</span> <span class="source">J Am Coll Health</span> <span class="year">2000</span>;<span class="volume">50</span>(<span class="issue">1</span>)<span class="fpage">21</span>–<span class="lpage">26</span><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Internet use among college students: an exploratory study.' href=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07448480109595707>CrossRef</a><a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Internet use among college students: an exploratory study.' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Internet+use+among+college+students%3A+an+exploratory+study.&author=Anderson+KJ&publication+year=2000&journal=J+Am+Coll+Health&volume=50&doi=10.1080%2F07448480109595707&pages=21-26>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="bib0010" aria-flowto="reference-2-content reference-2-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="false" class="circle-list__item__number"> [2] </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-2-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="collab">American Psychiatric Association</span>. <span class="source">Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders</span> (<span class="edition">4th</span> ed.). <span class="publisher-loc">Washington, DC, US</span>: <span class="publisher-name">American Psychiatric Publishing</span>, Inc.; <span class="year">1994</span>.<a class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=[2]American+Psychiatric+Association.+Diagnostic+and+statistical+manual+of+mental+disorders+(4th+ed.).+Washington,+DC,+US:+American+Psychiatric+Publishing,+Inc.;+1994.>Google Scholar</a></div></div></div><div id="bib0015" aria-flowto="reference-3-content reference-3-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="false" class="circle-list__item__number"> [3] </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-3-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="collab">American Psychiatric Association</span>. <span class="source">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</span>, <span class="edition">Fourth</span> Edition, Text Revision. 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University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{text:r},{text:s}],isCorresponding:b,notes:a,isAnonymous:b,fullName:"C.-H. Ko",searchUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=C.-H.%20Ko&eventCode=SE-AU",orcidUrl:h},{givenNames:"J.-Y.",surname:P,nameStyle:q,affiliations:[{text:r},{text:s},{text:Q}],isCorresponding:b,notes:a,isAnonymous:b,fullName:"J.-Y. Yen",searchUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=J.-Y.%20Yen&eventCode=SE-AU",orcidUrl:h},{givenNames:"C.-F.",surname:P,nameStyle:q,affiliations:[{text:r},{text:s}],isCorresponding:b,notes:a,isAnonymous:b,fullName:"C.-F. Yen",searchUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=C.-F.%20Yen&eventCode=SE-AU",orcidUrl:h},{givenNames:"C.-S.",surname:R,nameStyle:q,affiliations:[{text:r},{text:s},{text:Q}],isCorresponding:b,notes:a,isAnonymous:b,fullName:"C.-S. Chen",searchUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=C.-S.%20Chen&eventCode=SE-AU",orcidUrl:h},{givenNames:"C.-C.",surname:R,nameStyle:q,affiliations:[{text:r},{text:s},{text:"Department of Psychiatry, Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital, 130, Kai-Suan 2RD, Ling-Ya District, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan, ROC"}],isCorresponding:c,notes:"\u003Cdiv class=\"corresp\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"label\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"sup\"\u003E*\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E Corresponding author. Tel.: +886 7 7513171; fax: +886 7 7712494. \u003Cspan class=\"italic\"\u003EE-mail addresses:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ca href=\"mailto:ccchen@mail.khja.org.tw\"\u003Eccchen@mail.khja.org.tw\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"mailto:cyberko@seed.net.tw\"\u003Ecyberko@seed.net.tw\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (C.-C. Chen).\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",isAnonymous:b,fullName:"C.-C. Chen",searchUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=C.-C.%20Chen&eventCode=SE-AU",orcidUrl:h}]},translators:{contributors:[],label:"Translated by"}},collections:[],publishedDate:"15 April 2020",keywords:[{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Internet addiction",name:"Internet addiction"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Substance use disorder",name:"Substance use disorder"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Comorbidity",name:"Comorbidity"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=ADHD",name:"ADHD"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Depression",name:"Depression"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Social anxiety",name:"Social anxiety"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Hostility",name:"Hostility"}],openPracticeBadges:[],doi:{url:"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.eurpsy.2010.04.011",value:"10.1016\u002Fj.eurpsy.2010.04.011"},copyright:{statement:["Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2012"],holder:["Elsevier Masson SAS"],year:[2012]},creativeCommons:h,acceptedManuscript:b,type:"review-article",pageRange:{range:"1 - 8",firstPage:t,lastPage:w},typeDescription:"Review",resultTypes:[],commentsCount:S,topicsAndSubtopics:h},journal:{id:G,title:u,titleSlug:T,mnemonic:"EPA",titleHistory:[{productId:"EC14C12B308EF39D62154DD70A2C8B72",title:"Psychiatry and Psychobiology"},{productId:"7620ABABD5F68A2888B2B8D57AF0EEEF",title:"European Psychiatry (Ed.Española)"},{productId:G,title:u}],isFirstView:b,journalSlug:T,isCompanion:b,parentCompanionJournalName:u,associatedParentCollection:h,paymentInfo:{prices:{"£":{price:26,sku:x,skuNew:v,currency:"£"},"€":{price:31,sku:x,skuNew:v,currency:"€"},US$:{price:36,sku:x,skuNew:v,currency:"US$"},AU$:{price:51,sku:x,skuNew:v,currency:"AU$"}}},url:U,firstViewUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Feuropean-psychiatry\u002Ffirstview",coverUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic.cambridge.org\u002Fcovers\u002FEPA_0_0_0\u002Feuropean-psychiatry.jpg",submitMaterialsUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Feuropean-psychiatry\u002Finformation\u002Fauthor-instructions\u002Fsubmitting-your-materials",hasHistory:c,latestTitle:u,latestId:G,hasPastTitle:b,issue:{id:"01E304487198A43A35B9808101187527",number:t,title:"Issue 1",publishedDate:"January 2012",printPublishTimestamp:1325376000000,url:V},volume:{id:"0002B13C23899C3E639A61998C32E15A",number:"27",title:"Volume 27",publishedDate:"July 2012",printPublishTimestamp:1341100800000,url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Feuropean-psychiatry\u002Fvolume\u002F0002B13C23899C3E639A61998C32E15A"}},abstract:{textAbstracts:[{title:"Abstract",content:"\u003Cdiv class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EInternet addiction is a newly emergent disorder. It has been found to be associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Information about such coexisting psychiatric disorders is essential to understand the mechanism of Internet addiction. In this review, we have recruited articles mentioning coexisting psychiatric disorders of Internet addiction from the PubMed database as at November 3, 2009. We describe the updated results for such disorders of Internet addiction, which include substance use disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, hostility, and social anxiety disorder. We also provide discussion for possible mechanisms accounting for the coexistence of psychiatric disorders and Internet addiction. The review might suggest that combined psychiatric disorders mentioned above should be evaluated and treated to prevent their deteriorating effect on the prognosis of Internet addiction. On the other hand, Internet addiction should be paid more attention to when treating people with these coexisting psychiatric disorders of Internet addiction. Additionally, we also suggest future necessary research directions that could provide further important information for the understanding of this issue.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",lang:W}]},content:{html:a,tableOfContent:[],footnotes:[],fulltextNotes:[],references:[{id:"bib0005",displayNumber:"[1]",existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EAnderson\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EKJ\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EInternet use among college students: an exploratory study.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EJ Am Coll Health\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2000\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E50\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E(\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E)\u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E21\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E26\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Internet use among college students: an exploratory study.' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F07448480109595707\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Internet use among college students: an exploratory study.' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Internet+use+among+college+students%3A+an+exploratory+study.&author=Anderson+KJ&publication+year=2000&journal=J+Am+Coll+Health&volume=50&doi=10.1080%2F07448480109595707&pages=21-26\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Internet+use+among+college+students%3A+an+exploratory+study.&author=Anderson+KJ&publication+year=2000&journal=J+Am+Coll+Health&volume=50&doi=10.1080%2F07448480109595707&pages=21-26",openUrlParams:{genre:e,atitle:X,jtitle:Y,title:Y,volume:m,artnum:"5e5dffd4b0c4690a292f93f2",spage:Z,epage:"26",date:H,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:_,au:a},innerRefId:"ref0005",title:X,doi:_,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F07448480109595707",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib0010",displayNumber:"[2]",existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"collab\"\u003EAmerican Psychiatric Association\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"edition\"\u003E4th\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E ed.). \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-loc\"\u003EWashington, DC, US\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\"publisher-name\"\u003EAmerican Psychiatric Publishing\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, Inc.; \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1994\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar?q=[2]American+Psychiatric+Association.+Diagnostic+and+statistical+manual+of+mental+disorders+(4th+ed.).+Washington,+DC,+US:+American+Psychiatric+Publishing,+Inc.;+1994.\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar?q=[2]American+Psychiatric+Association.+Diagnostic+and+statistical+manual+of+mental+disorders+(4th+ed.).+Washington,+DC,+US:+American+Psychiatric+Publishing,+Inc.;+1994.",openUrlParams:{genre:$,btitle:I,title:I,aulast:a,aufirst:a,au:a,pub:"American Psychiatric Publishing",date:"1994",tpages:h,doi:a,sid:d},innerRefId:"ref0010",title:I,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib0015",displayNumber:"[3]",existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"collab\"\u003EAmerican Psychiatric Association\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"edition\"\u003EFourth\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E Edition, Text Revision. 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class=\"given-names\"\u003EIJ\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EWenzel\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EHG\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EGotestam\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EKG\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EJohansson\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EA\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EOren\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EA\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EInternet addiction among Norwegian adults: a stratified probability sample study.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EScand J 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href=https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F17651888\u003EPubMed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Multidisciplinary+perspectives+on+attention+and+the+development+of+self-regulation.&author=Berger+A&author=Kofman+O&author=Livneh+U&author=Henik+A&publication+year=2007&journal=Prog+Neurobiol&volume=82&doi=10.1016%2Fj.pneurobio.2007.06.004&pages=256-286",openUrlParams:{genre:e,atitle:ah,jtitle:ai,title:ai,volume:"82",artnum:"5e5dffd4b0c4690a292f93f7",spage:aj,epage:"286",date:z,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:ak,au:a},innerRefId:"ref0030",title:ah,pubMedId:"17651888",doi:ak,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.pneurobio.2007.06.004",pubMedLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F17651888"}]},{id:"bib0035",displayNumber:"[7]",existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBernardi\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, 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href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.comppsych.2008.11.011\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Internet addiction: a descriptive clinical study focusing on comorbidities and dissociative symptoms.' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Internet+addiction%3A+a+descriptive+clinical+study+focusing+on+comorbidities+and+dissociative+symptoms.&author=Bernardi+S&author=Pallanti+S&publication+year=2009&journal=Compr+Psychiatry&volume=50&doi=10.1016%2Fj.comppsych.2008.11.011&pages=510-516\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='PubMed link for Internet addiction: a descriptive clinical study focusing on comorbidities and dissociative symptoms.' 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class=\"given-names\"\u003EJJ\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EIssues for DSM-V: Internet addiction.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EAm J Psychiatry\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2008\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E165\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E(\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E):\u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E306\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E307\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Issues for DSM-V: Internet addiction.' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1176\u002Fappi.ajp.2007.07101556\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Issues for DSM-V: Internet addiction.' 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class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EAtaoglu\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EA\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ENichols\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ELA\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYildirim\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ET\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EOzturk\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EO\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EEvaluation of psychometric properties of the Internet addiction scale in a sample of turkish high school students.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ECyberpsychol Behav\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2009\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E(\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E0\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E):\u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E4\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Evaluation of psychometric properties of the Internet addiction scale in a sample of turkish high school students.' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Evaluation+of+psychometric+properties+of+the+Internet+addiction+scale+in+a+sample+of+turkish+high+school+students.&author=Canan+F&author=Ataoglu+A&author=Nichols+LA&author=Yildirim+T&author=Ozturk+O&publication+year=2009&journal=Cyberpsychol+Behav&volume=13&pages=1-4\u003EGoogle 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class=\"given-names\"\u003EL\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EInternet addiction among Chinese adolescents: prevalence and psychological features.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EChild Care Health Dev\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2007\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E33\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E(\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E):\u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E275\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E281\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: prevalence and psychological features.' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2214.2006.00715.x\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: prevalence and 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class=\"given-names\"\u003EFX\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ETannock\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ER\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ENeuroscience of attention-deficit\u002Fhyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ENat Rev Neurosci\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2002\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E(\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E):\u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E617\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E628\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Neuroscience of attention-deficit\u002Fhyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes.' 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class=\"given-names\"\u003ESH\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EWeng\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ELC\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESu\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EYJ\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EWu\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EHM\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYang\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EPF\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EDevelopment of Chinese Internet addiction scale and its psychometric study.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EChinese J Psychol\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2003\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E45\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E(\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E):\u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E279\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E294\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Development of Chinese Internet addiction scale and its psychometric study.' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Development+of+Chinese+Internet+addiction+scale+and+its+psychometric+study.&author=Chen+SH&author=Weng+LC&author=Su+YJ&author=Wu+HM&author=Yang+PF&publication+year=2003&journal=Chinese+J+Psychol&volume=45&pages=279-294\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Development+of+Chinese+Internet+addiction+scale+and+its+psychometric+study.&author=Chen+SH&author=Weng+LC&author=Su+YJ&author=Wu+HM&author=Yang+PF&publication+year=2003&journal=Chinese+J+Psychol&volume=45&pages=279-294",openUrlParams:{genre:e,atitle:ax,jtitle:ay,title:ay,volume:"45",artnum:"5e5dffd4b0c4690a292f93fd",spage:"279",epage:az,date:y,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:a,au:a},innerRefId:"ref0060",title:ax,doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib0065",displayNumber:"[13]",existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EChoi\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EK\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESon\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EH\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EPark\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EM\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHan\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJ\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKim\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EK\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ELee\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EB\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"etal\"\u003Eet al.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EInternet overuse and excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EPsychiatry Clin Neurosci\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan 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class=\"surname\"\u003EHa\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJH\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYoo\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EHJ\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ECho\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EIH\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EChin\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EB\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EShin\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ED\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKim\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan 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class=\"surname\"\u003EHan\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EDH\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ELee\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EYS\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ENa\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EC\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EAhn\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJY\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EChung\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EUS\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EDaniels\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan 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class=\"surname\"\u003EHolden\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EC\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003E‘Behavioral’ addictions: do they exist?.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EScience\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2001\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E294\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E(\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E5544\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E):\u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E980\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E982\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for ‘Behavioral’ addictions: do they exist?.' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1126\u002Fscience.294.5544.980\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for ‘Behavioral’ addictions: do they exist?.' 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class=\"given-names\"\u003EH\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ELeung\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EL\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EInstant messaging addiction among teenagers in China: shyness. 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class=\"surname\"\u003EKo\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ECH\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJY\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EChen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ECC\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EChen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ESH\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EWu\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EK\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan 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class=\"surname\"\u003EKo\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ECH\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJY\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ECF\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ELin\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EHC\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYang\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EMJ\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EFactors predictive for incidence and remission of Internet addiction in young adolescents: a prospective 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class=\"surname\"\u003EKo\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ECH\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJY\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EChen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ECS\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EChen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ECC\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ECF\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EPsychiatric comorbidity of Internet addiction in college students: an interview study.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ECNS Spectr\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2008\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E(\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E):\u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E147\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E153\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Psychiatric comorbidity of Internet addiction in college students: an interview study.' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1017\u002FS1092852900016308\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Psychiatric comorbidity of Internet addiction in college students: an interview study.' 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Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Psychiatric+comorbidity+of+Internet+addiction+in+college+students%3A+an+interview+study.&author=Ko+CH&author=Yen+JY&author=Chen+CS&author=Chen+CC&author=Yen+CF&publication+year=2008&journal=CNS+Spectr&volume=13&doi=10.1017%2FS1092852900016308&pages=147-153",openUrlParams:{genre:e,atitle:bp,jtitle:bq,title:bq,volume:aq,artnum:"5e5dffd4b0c4690a292f940d",spage:"147",epage:"153",date:j,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:br,au:a},innerRefId:"ref0140",title:bp,doi:br,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1017\u002FS1092852900016308",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"bib0145",displayNumber:"[29]",existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKo\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ECH\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, 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Psychiatry\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2009\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E50\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E(\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E4\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E):\u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E378\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E384\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Proposed diagnostic criteria and the screening and diagnosing tool of Internet addiction in college students.' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.comppsych.2007.05.019\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Proposed diagnostic criteria and the screening and diagnosing tool of Internet addiction in college students.' 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class=\"surname\"\u003EKo\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ECH\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJY\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ELiu\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ESC\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHuang\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ECF\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYen\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ECF\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EThe associations between aggressive behaviors and Internet addiction and online activities in 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class=\"surname\"\u003ESmith\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EAB\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBrammer\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EMJ\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EToone\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EB\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ETaylor\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EE\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EAbnormal brain activation during inhibition and error detection in medication-naive adolescents with ADHD.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EAm J Psychiatry\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2005\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E;\u003Cspan 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href=https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F15930054\u003EPubMed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Abnormal+brain+activation+during+inhibition+and+error+detection+in+medication-naive+adolescents+with+ADHD.&author=Rubia+K&author=Smith+AB&author=Brammer+MJ&author=Toone+B&author=Taylor+E&publication+year=2005&journal=Am+J+Psychiatry&volume=162&doi=10.1176%2Fappi.ajp.162.6.1067&pages=1067-1075",openUrlParams:{genre:e,atitle:ci,jtitle:A,title:A,volume:cj,artnum:"5e5dffd4b0c4690a292f941f",spage:"1067",epage:"1075",date:l,sid:d,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:ck,au:a},innerRefId:"ref0230",title:ci,pubMedId:"15930054",doi:ck,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1176\u002Fappi.ajp.162.6.1067",pubMedLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F15930054"}]},{id:"bib0235",displayNumber:"[47]",existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan 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class=\"surname\"\u003EYoo\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EHJ\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ECho\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ESC\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHa\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJ\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EYune\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ESK\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKim\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ESJ\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EHwang\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan 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relationship between depression and Internet addiction.","10.1089\u002Fcpb.1998.1.25"));</script><script src="/core/page-component/06cd607.js" defer></script><script src="/core/page-component/20147ec.js" defer></script><script src="/core/page-component/722ace3.js" defer></script><script src="/core/page-component/6f4302c.js" defer></script> </div> </div> <div id="article-new-home-productCitations" class="product-citations-modal reveal-modal medium" data-reveal role="dialog" aria-labelledby="article-new-home-citedByModalHeader"> <div class="header"> <div class="heading_07 margin-bottom" id="article-new-home-citedByModalHeader">Cited by</div> </div> <div class="citation-content"> <div class="row collapse header margin-top productCitations-content"> <ul class="small-12 small-centered columns citations"> <li class="fade-in section-container active"> <a href="#" class="section-button" data-id="article-new-home-crossref-citations"> <div class="circular medium citation"> <img 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