Fatigue Crack Modeling in Aerospace Structures: A Guide

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Discover the challenges and limitations of fatigue crack modeling."> <meta property="og:title" content="How can you model fatigue cracks in aerospace structures?"> <meta property="og:description" content="Learn how to model fatigue cracks in aerospace structures using concepts and tools from damage tolerance and fracture mechanics. Discover the challenges and limitations of fatigue crack modeling."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E12AQFkzra-OFlRIg/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/0/1674665294757?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=agUvA80kGfOUYVLClCI3kleY3GqAlVGx16e9yHj7nVM"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.linkedin.com/advice/0/how-can-you-model-fatigue-cracks-aerospace-3cgre"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@LinkedInEditors"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="How can you model fatigue cracks in aerospace structures?"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Learn how to model fatigue cracks in aerospace structures using concepts and tools from damage tolerance and fracture mechanics. Discover the challenges and limitations of fatigue crack modeling."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E12AQFkzra-OFlRIg/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/0/1674665294757?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=agUvA80kGfOUYVLClCI3kleY3GqAlVGx16e9yHj7nVM"> <meta name="appId"> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by"> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Aerospace Engineering">  <meta name="clientSideIngraphs" content="1" data-gauge-metric-endpoint="/advice/api/ingraphs/gauge" data-counter-metric-endpoint="/advice/api/ingraphs/counter"> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"QAPage","name":"How can you model fatigue cracks in aerospace structures?","description":"Learn how to model fatigue cracks in aerospace structures using concepts and tools from damage tolerance and fracture mechanics. Discover the challenges and limitations of fatigue crack modeling.","mainEntity":{"@type":"Question","name":"How can you model fatigue cracks in aerospace structures?","answerCount":1,"upvoteCount":1,"datePublished":"2024-02-13T18:41:29.000+00:00","dateModified":"2024-02-13T18:41:30.000+00:00","text":"Learn how to model fatigue cracks in aerospace structures using concepts and tools from damage tolerance and fracture mechanics. Discover the challenges and limitations of fatigue crack modeling.","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/advice/0/how-can-you-model-fatigue-cracks-aerospace-3cgre","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Choosing the appropriate modeling approach:\n\nAnalytical methods: These methods use simplified models and empirical equations to estimate crack growth based on material properties and loading conditions. They are efficient for initial assessments but may lack accuracy for complex geometries.\nNumerical methods: Finite element analysis (FEA) is a commonly used numerical method that discretizes the structure into small elements and simulates crack growth by calculating stresses and strains around the crack tip. This method offers greater accuracy and can handle complex geometries but requires significant computational resources.","upvoteCount":6,"datePublished":"2024-02-28T20:13:51.938+00:00","dateModified":"","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/advice/0/how-can-you-model-fatigue-cracks-aerospace-3cgre?contributionUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28articleSegment%3A%28urn%3Ali%3AlinkedInArticle%3A7163240784014622721%2C7163240786069807107%29%2C7168699848718831617%29&articleSegmentUrn=urn%3Ali%3AarticleSegment%3A%28urn%3Ali%3AlinkedInArticle%3A7163240784014622721%2C7163240786069807107%29&dashContributionUrn=urn%3Ali%3Afsd_comment%3A%287168699848718831617%2CarticleSegment%3A%28urn%3Ali%3AlinkedInArticle%3A7163240784014622721%2C7163240786069807107%29%29","author":{"@type":"Person","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/stevemilliren","name":"Steve 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itemprop="name">Engineering</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"> </li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb inline-block mr-0.5 font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs text-color-text after:content-['/'] after:text-color-text-low-emphasis after:ml-0.5 after:no-underline last:mr-0 last:after:hidden"> <a aria-current="page" itemprop="item" class="breadcrumb__link inline-block link-no-visited-state !text-color-text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/topics/engineering-s166/aerospace-engineering-s20157/" data-tracking-control-name="breadcrumb" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="font-semibold" itemprop="name">Aerospace Engineering</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="3"> </li> </ol> </section> <h1 class="pulse-title text-display-md text-color-text lg:text-display-lg font-bold w-11/12 ">How can you model fatigue cracks in aerospace structures?</h1>  <div class="powered-by-ai py-3 text-sm text-color-text-secondary">Powered by AI and the LinkedIn community</div> <section class="table-of-content pb-6"> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="what-are-fatigue-cracks?"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">1</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#what-are-fatigue-cracks?" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">What are fatigue cracks? </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 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class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="what-are-some-tools-for-fatigue-crack-modeling?"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">5</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#what-are-some-tools-for-fatigue-crack-modeling?" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">What are some tools for fatigue crack modeling? </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="what-are-some-challenges-and-limitations-of-fatigue-crack-modeling?"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">6</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#what-are-some-challenges-and-limitations-of-fatigue-crack-modeling?" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">What are some challenges and limitations of fatigue crack modeling? </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="here’s-what-else-to-consider"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">7</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#here’s-what-else-to-consider" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Here’s what else to consider </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> </section> <div class="x-article-introduction"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Fatigue cracks are one of the most common and dangerous forms of damage in aerospace structures. They can reduce the strength, stiffness, and safety of the components and lead to catastrophic failures. To prevent and detect fatigue cracks, aerospace engineers need to model them accurately and efficiently. In this article, you will learn how to model fatigue cracks in aerospace structures using some basic concepts and tools from damage tolerance and fracture mechanics.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:w-1/2"> <code id="shouldExpandContributionBox" style="display: none"></code> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__wrapper flex h-full flex-1 flex-col"> <div class="x-featured-expert-section h-full"> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__article-experts"> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__title mt-2 pb-0.5 text-xl font-bold text-color-text"> Top experts in this article </div> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__subtitle pb-3 text-sm text-color-text-secondary"> Selected by the community from 1 contribution. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/help/linkedin/answer/a1652832" target="_blank" aria-label="Learn more about collaborative articles" 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You'll no longer see this contribution</p> </template> </li>  </ul>  </div> </div> <code id="contributionCopyLink" style="display: none"></code> <code id="contributionCopyFail" style="display: none"></code> <code id="contributionCopyUnsupported" style="display: none"></code> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__container left__border -mb-2 -mt-1 animate-show ml-0 pl-0 md:ml-[-41px] md:pl-[32px] pr-0 lg:ml-[-33px] lg:pl-[40px] lg:pr-1 pt-2 pb-4"> <div class="flex flex-col justify-between lg:flex-col"> <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-1"> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__text-wrapper relative"> <p class="contribution__text mb-1 whitespace-pre-wrap pt-1 text-md leading-open text-color-text md:mb-0 md:pt-0 line-clamp-5 lg:text-lg" data-tracking-control-name="comment_text">Choosing the appropriate modeling approach: Analytical methods: These methods use simplified models and empirical equations to estimate crack growth based on material properties and loading conditions. They are efficient for initial assessments but may lack accuracy for complex geometries. Numerical methods: Finite element analysis (FEA) is a commonly used numerical method that discretizes the structure into small elements and simulates crack growth by calculating stresses and strains around the crack tip. 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data-is-logged-in="false" data-thread-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7163240784014622721,7163240786078208000)" data-test-id="article-segment" data-total-count="0" data-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-x-article" role="presentation"> <div class="md:row pb-6 md:flex"> <div class="column-article-segment-content md:column md:mb-8 md:mr-4 md:w-1/2 md:flex-1 md:pr-[88px]"> <div class="md:pt-6 sticky-on-scroll"> <div class="article-segment-content-container "> <div id="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7163240784014622721_7163240786078208000_"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h2 class="flex"> <a id="how-to-model-fatigue-crack-failure?" href="#how-to-model-fatigue-crack-failure?" class="dummy-anchor invisible absolute mt-[-100px]"></a> <span class="header-index pr-1.5">4</span> <span class>How to model fatigue crack failure?</span> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Fatigue crack failure is the process of reaching a critical crack size or a critical stress intensity factor that causes the component to fracture. To model fatigue crack failure, you need to know the fracture toughness (Kc) of the material, which is the maximum stress intensity factor that the material can withstand without fracturing. You can use the Kc value to determine the critical crack size (ac) or the critical stress intensity factor (Kc) for a given geometry and loading. You can also use the failure assessment diagram (FAD), which is a graphical method that compares the applied stress intensity factor and the fracture toughness for different crack sizes and load ratios.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 sticky-on-scroll mt-1 ">  <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7163240784014622721,7163240786078208000)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F0%2Fhow-can-you-model-fatigue-cracks-aerospace-3cgre&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link class="add-your-perspective-button btn-sm flex flex-col items-start justify-center lg:btn-md bg-color-surface-accent-tint-1 hover:bg-color-container-tertiary-hover " data-test-add-contribution-btn aria-describedby="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7163240784014622721_7163240786078208000_" data-test-contribution-cta-link-guest role="button"> <div data-test-contribution-btn-text class="add-your-perspective-button-text text-left text-color-text-low-emphasis">Add your perspective</div> </a> </div> <div class="contribution-text-area-wrapper relative w-full hidden"> <code id="min_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="min_reply_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="max_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_try_refreshing_the_page" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters_fraction" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error_suggestion" style="display: none"></code> <div class="contribution-text-area-border ease-linear duration-300 mb-2 rounded-md border-1 border-solid border-[var(--color-input-container-border)] p-2 transition-all focus-within:shadow-border hover:shadow-border active:shadow-border-active md:px-3"> <textarea class="contribution-text-area leading-normal placeholder:text-color-input-hint box-border w-full resize-none border-0 bg-color-transparent p-0 text-md leading-open tracking-wide text-color-text outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-disabled lg:text-lg" placeholder="Some ways to get started: - 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Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) models are a popular choice, assuming that the material behaves elastically and that the crack tip is a singular point of stress. This type of model is suitable for small cracks and high-strength materials. On the other hand, elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) models account for plastic deformation and crack tip blunting near the crack tip, making them suitable for large cracks and low-strength materials. Finally, finite element analysis (FEA) models use numerical methods to solve the stress and displacement fields around the crack, but require more computational resources and validation. FEA models can handle complex geometries, loadings, and boundary conditions.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 sticky-on-scroll mt-1 ">  <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7163240784014622721,7163240786086580224)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F0%2Fhow-can-you-model-fatigue-cracks-aerospace-3cgre&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link class="add-your-perspective-button btn-sm flex flex-col items-start justify-center lg:btn-md bg-color-surface-accent-tint-1 hover:bg-color-container-tertiary-hover " data-test-add-contribution-btn aria-describedby="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7163240784014622721_7163240786086580224_" data-test-contribution-cta-link-guest role="button"> <div data-test-contribution-btn-text class="add-your-perspective-button-text text-left text-color-text-low-emphasis">Add your perspective</div> </a> </div> <div class="contribution-text-area-wrapper relative w-full hidden"> <code id="min_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="min_reply_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="max_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_try_refreshing_the_page" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters_fraction" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error_suggestion" style="display: none"></code> <div class="contribution-text-area-border ease-linear duration-300 mb-2 rounded-md border-1 border-solid border-[var(--color-input-container-border)] p-2 transition-all focus-within:shadow-border hover:shadow-border active:shadow-border-active md:px-3"> <textarea class="contribution-text-area leading-normal placeholder:text-color-input-hint box-border w-full resize-none border-0 bg-color-transparent p-0 text-md leading-open tracking-wide text-color-text outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-disabled lg:text-lg" placeholder="Some ways to get started: - 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Material variability and uncertainty can cause significant scatter and deviation in the S-N, ε-N, da/dN, and Kc curves, as well as the fatigue crack behavior and performance. Loading variability and uncertainty can introduce complex stress states, load interactions, and environmental effects like corrosion, temperature, and humidity that influence the fatigue crack initiation and propagation. Model assumptions and simplifications may neglect or underestimate the effects of non-linearities, crack closure, crack interaction, residual stress, damage accumulation, and other factors that affect the fatigue crack growth and failure.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 sticky-on-scroll mt-1 ">  <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7163240784014622721,7163240786094993408)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F0%2Fhow-can-you-model-fatigue-cracks-aerospace-3cgre&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link class="add-your-perspective-button btn-sm flex flex-col items-start justify-center lg:btn-md bg-color-surface-accent-tint-1 hover:bg-color-container-tertiary-hover " data-test-add-contribution-btn aria-describedby="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7163240784014622721_7163240786094993408_" data-test-contribution-cta-link-guest role="button"> <div data-test-contribution-btn-text class="add-your-perspective-button-text text-left text-color-text-low-emphasis">Add your perspective</div> </a> </div> <div class="contribution-text-area-wrapper relative w-full hidden"> <code id="min_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="min_reply_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="max_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_try_refreshing_the_page" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters_fraction" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error_suggestion" style="display: none"></code> <div class="contribution-text-area-border ease-linear duration-300 mb-2 rounded-md border-1 border-solid border-[var(--color-input-container-border)] p-2 transition-all focus-within:shadow-border hover:shadow-border active:shadow-border-active md:px-3"> <textarea class="contribution-text-area leading-normal placeholder:text-color-input-hint box-border w-full resize-none border-0 bg-color-transparent p-0 text-md leading-open tracking-wide text-color-text outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-disabled lg:text-lg" placeholder="Some ways to get started: - 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Fatigue Crack Modeling in Aerospace Structures: A Guide