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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kasaari_kaganaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasaari_kaganaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kasaari kaganaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasaari_kaganaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kirjandus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kirjandus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kirjandus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kirjandus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kasaarid</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 86 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasare" title="Chasare – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chasare" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasaren" title="Chasaren – šveitsisaksa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Chasaren" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="šveitsisaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%BB%E1%8B%9B%E1%88%AD_%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%A5%E1%89%B5" title="የኻዛር መንግሥት – amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የኻዛር መንግሥት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="خزر – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خزر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazaros" title="Gazaros – aragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gazaros" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1zaros" title="Jázaros – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jázaros" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Хазарал – avaari" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Хазарал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C9%99z%C9%99rl%C9%99r" title="Xəzərlər – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xəzərlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B1" title="خزرلر – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خزرلر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Khazar" title="Orang Khazar – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Khazar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazar" title="Khazar – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Khazar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хазарҙар – baškiiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хазарҙар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Хазары – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хазары" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Хазары – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хазары" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Хазари – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хазари" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A0zars" title="Khàzars – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Khàzars" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Хасарсем – tšuvaši" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хасарсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvaši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazariaid" title="Khazariaid – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Khazariaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazarere" title="Khazarere – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Khazarere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasaren" title="Chasaren – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chasaren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%B6%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Χάζαροι – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χάζαροι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Khazars" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1zaros" title="Jázaros – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jázaros" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4azaroj" title="Ĥazaroj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥazaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazariar" title="Khazariar – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Khazariar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7" title="خزرها – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خزرها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Khazars" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%A1zaro" title="Xázaro – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xázaro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%B4" title="하자르 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하자르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Խազարներ – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խազարներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="ख़ज़र लोग – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ख़ज़र लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazari" title="Hazari – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hazari" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazari" title="Hazari – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hazari" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasarar" title="Kasarar – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kasarar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazari" title="Cazari – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cazari" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ממלכת הכוזרים – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממלכת הכוזרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಖಾಜ಼ಾರ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಖಾಜ಼ಾರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ხაზარები – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხაზარები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хазарлар – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хазарлар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хазарлар – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хазарлар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakhazari" title="Wakhazari – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wakhazari" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Xezer" title="Împeratoriya Xezer – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Împeratoriya Xezer" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хазар – laki" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Хазар" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="laki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chazari" title="Chazari – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chazari" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haz%C4%81ri" title="Hazāri – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hazāri" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хазарар – lesgi" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Хазарар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chazarai" title="Chazarai – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chazarai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazares" title="Hazares – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Hazares" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaz%C3%A1rok" title="Kazárok – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kazárok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Хазари – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хазари" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazara_(vahoaka)" title="Kazara (vahoaka) – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kazara (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ხაზარეფი – megreli" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ხაზარეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megreli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="خزر – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خزر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="خزرون – mazandaraani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خزرون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangso_Khazar" title="Bangso Khazar – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bangso Khazar" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chazaren" title="Chazaren – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chazaren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ハザール – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハザール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="ГӀазарой – tšetšeeni" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀазарой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tšetšeeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazarer" title="Khazarer – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Khazarer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazarar" title="Khazarar – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Khazarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazars" title="Cazars – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cazars" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xazarlar" title="Xazarlar – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xazarlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0" title="ਖ਼ਜ਼ਰ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖ਼ਜ਼ਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="خزر سلطنت – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خزر سلطنت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chazarowie" title="Chazarowie – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chazarowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazares" title="Cazares – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cazares" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazari" title="Khazari – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Khazari" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Хазары – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хазары" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хазардар – jakuudi" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хазардар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuudi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Khazars" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chazari" title="Chazari – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chazari" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazari" title="Hazari – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hazari" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خەزەرەکان – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خەزەرەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Хазари – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хазари" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazari" title="Hazari – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hazari" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasaarit" title="Kasaarit – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kasaarit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazarer" title="Khazarer – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Khazarer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%A4z%C3%A4rl%C3%A4r" title="Xäzärlär – tatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Xäzärlär" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazar" title="Khazar – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khazar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazarlar" title="Hazarlar – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hazarlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Хозари – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хозари" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="خزر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خزر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%90%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="可萨人 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="可萨人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="כוזרים – jidiši" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כוזרים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%96%A9%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="可薩汗國 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="可薩汗國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%90%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="可萨人 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="可萨人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q173282#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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Toimingud </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kasaarid"><span>Vaata</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaarid&veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaarid&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaarid&action=history"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Üldine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Lingid_siia/Kasaarid" title="Kõik viki leheküljed, mis siia viitavad [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lingid siia</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Seotud_muudatused/Kasaarid" rel="nofollow" title="Viimased muudatused lehekülgedel, millele on siit viidatud [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seotud muudatused</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Erilehek%C3%BCljed" title="Erilehekülgede loend [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Erileheküljed</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaarid&oldid=6505701" title="Püsilink lehekülje sellele redaktsioonile"><span>Püsilink</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaarid&action=info" title="Lisateave selle lehekülje kohta"><span>Lehekülje teave</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sellele_lehek%C3%BCljele_viitamine&page=Kasaarid&id=6505701&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Teave sellele leheküljele viitamise kohta"><span>Viita leheküljele</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKasaarid"><span>Hangi lühendatud URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKasaarid"><span>Laadi alla QR-kood</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Teistes projektides </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Khazars" 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mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739384">.mw-parser-output th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output td.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox~table.ambox:not(.mbox-small-left){margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-text{padding:0.25em 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-imageright{padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output 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table.fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}</style></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/35px-Emblem-important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/53px-Emblem-important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/70px-Emblem-important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>See artikkel</b> <b>ootab <a href="/wiki/Keeletoimetamine" title="Keeletoimetamine">keeletoimetamist</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Kui oskad, siis palun aita <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kasaarid&action=edit">artiklit keeleliselt parandada</a>.</small> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Turkic_language_map-present_range.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Turkic_language_map-present_range.png/300px-Turkic_language_map-present_range.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Turkic_language_map-present_range.png/450px-Turkic_language_map-present_range.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Turkic_language_map-present_range.png 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption>Turgi rahvaste levikukaart</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kasaarid</b> oli <a href="/wiki/Turgi_rahvad" title="Turgi rahvad">turgi rahvas</a> <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> alamjooksu, <a href="/wiki/Aasov" title="Aasov">Aasovi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don" title="Don">Doni</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Krimm" title="Krimm">Krimmi</a> steppides ning nüüdse <a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestani</a> ranniku- ja eelmägede alal. </p><p>Esimesed teated rändkarjakasvatajatest kasaaridest on <a href="/wiki/5._sajand" title="5. sajand">5. sajandist</a> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCtsants" title="Bütsants">Bütsantsi</a> ajalooallikaist. 6. sajandi <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BC%C3%BCria_ajalugu" title="Süüria ajalugu">süüria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armeenia_ajalugu" title="Armeenia ajalugu">armeenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCtsantsi_ajalugu" title="Bütsantsi ajalugu">bütsantsi</a>, ladina ja <a href="/wiki/Hiina_ajalugu" title="Hiina ajalugu">hiina</a> ajalooallikates on andmeid Volga alamjooksul ja <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5hja-Kaukaasia" title="Põhja-Kaukaasia">Põhja-Kaukaasia</a> põhjaosas asunud nomaadirahvast. 6. sajandil tegid nad sõjakäike Armeenia ja <a href="/wiki/Gruusia_ajalugu" title="Gruusia ajalugu">Gruusia</a> alade vastu ning ka <a href="/wiki/Sassaniidide_riik" title="Sassaniidide riik">Sassaniidide</a> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pärsia">Pärsia</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A4rsia_%C5%A1ahh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pärsia šahh (pole veel kirjutatud)">šahh</a> oli sunnitud kaitseks nende vastu ehitama kaitseehitisi. </p><p>627. aastal oli sõlmis Bütsantsi valitseja, <a href="/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus">basileus</a> <a href="/wiki/Herakleios_I" title="Herakleios I">Herakleios I</a> (575–641) liidu kasaaridega <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pärsia">Pärsia</a> Sassaniidide šahhi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Husrav_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Husrav II (pole veel kirjutatud)">Husrav II</a> vastu. Bütsantsi ja Kasaari riigi vahel olid hästi väljakujunenud suhted, kasaarid olid enamasti Bütsantsi liitlased. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasaari_kaganaat">Kasaari kaganaat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaarid&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Kasaari kaganaat"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaarid&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Kasaari kaganaat" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6347534">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-spacing:3px;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:black;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0.2em;float:right;clear:right;font-size:88%;line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox.sisterproject{width:20em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.standard-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output .infobox.standard-talk.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.standard-talk.bordered th{border:1px solid #c0c090}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}</style></div><table class="infobox bordered" style="width:22em;width:300px; background:white; font-size: 90%;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:170%; padding: 3px;"> <p><big><b>Kasaari kaganaat <br /> Hazar Kağanlığı</b></big> </p> <hr style="width:90%; margin:2px auto;" />ca 650 – <b>1048?</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Chasaren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Chasaren.jpg/300px-Chasaren.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Chasaren.jpg/450px-Chasaren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Chasaren.jpg/600px-Chasaren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1394" data-file-height="1133" /></a></span><div>Alad aastatel 650-850</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;">Valitsusvorm</th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> <a href="/wiki/Khaaniriik" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaaniriik">khaaniriik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;">Khaan</th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tong_Yabghu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tong Yabghu (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tong Yabghu</a> <small>(esimene, 618-628)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;">Pealinn</th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balanjar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balanjar (pole veel kirjutatud)">Balanjar</a> <small>(u 650-720)</small> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samandar_(linn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samandar (linn) (pole veel kirjutatud)">Samandar</a> <small>(720-750)</small> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atil (pole veel kirjutatud)">Atil</a> <small>(750- u 969)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;">Religioon</th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tengrism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tengrism (pole veel kirjutatud)">tengrism</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Budism" title="Budism">budism</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">judaism</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Kristlus" title="Kristlus">kristlus</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Paganlus" title="Paganlus">paganlus</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCnkretism" title="Sünkretism">sünkretism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;">Rahvaarv</th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> 1 400 000 (7. sajand)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;">Riigikeeled</th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaari_keel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasaari keel (pole veel kirjutatud)">kasaari</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:.2em .5em; font-weight:400;">Rahaühik</th><td style="padding:.2em .5em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yarmaq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yarmaq (pole veel kirjutatud)">Yarmaq</a></td></tr><tr class="borderless"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:.2em .5em;"> <table style="width:100%"><tbody><tr> <th>Eelnev</th> <th>Järgnev</th> </tr><tr> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:10px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-turgi_kaganaat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lääne-turgi kaganaat (pole veel kirjutatud)">Lääne-turgi kaganaat</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suur-Bulgaaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suur-Bulgaaria (pole veel kirjutatud)">Suur-Bulgaaria</a></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:10px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumaania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumaania (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kumaania</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Pet%C5%A1eneegid" title="Petšeneegid">Petšeneegide riigid</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Europe_around_650.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Europe_around_650.jpg/220px-Europe_around_650.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Europe_around_650.jpg/330px-Europe_around_650.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Europe_around_650.jpg/440px-Europe_around_650.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3891" data-file-height="2392" /></a><figcaption>Avaarid, ka kasaarid 650. aastal</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/7._sajand" title="7. sajand">7. sajandil</a> võitlesid kasaarid põhja suunal <a href="/wiki/Avaari_khaaniriik" title="Avaari khaaniriik">avaaridega</a> ja tõrjusid ka lääne poole <a href="/wiki/Volga-Bulgaaria" title="Volga-Bulgaaria">bulgarid</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suur-Bulgaaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suur-Bulgaaria (pole veel kirjutatud)">Suur-Bulgaaria</a> ehk <a href="/wiki/Esimene_Bulgaaria_tsaaririik#Bulgaarid" title="Esimene Bulgaaria tsaaririik">Onoguuria</a> lagunes kasaaride tugeva surve all aastal 668. Osa bulgaare rändas <a href="/wiki/Balkani_poolsaar" title="Balkani poolsaar">Balkani poolsaarele</a> ja osa põhja suunas. Aastal 680 asutas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asparuh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asparuh (pole veel kirjutatud)">Asparuh</a> pärast <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ongali_lahing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ongali lahing (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ongali lahingut</a> <a href="/wiki/Doonau" title="Doonau">Doonaust</a> lõunas <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCtsants" title="Bütsants">Bütsantsi</a> territooriumil <a href="/wiki/Esimene_Bulgaaria_tsaaririik" title="Esimene Bulgaaria tsaaririik">Esimese Bulgaaria tsaaririigi</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Bulgarians_and_Slavs_VI-VII_century.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bulgarians_and_Slavs_VI-VII_century.png/220px-Bulgarians_and_Slavs_VI-VII_century.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bulgarians_and_Slavs_VI-VII_century.png/330px-Bulgarians_and_Slavs_VI-VII_century.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bulgarians_and_Slavs_VI-VII_century.png/440px-Bulgarians_and_Slavs_VI-VII_century.png 2x" data-file-width="2352" data-file-height="1667" /></a><figcaption>Bulgaaria kolooniad pärast Suur-Bulgaaria langust 7. sajandil</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Varangian_routes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Varangian_routes.png/220px-Varangian_routes.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Varangian_routes.png/330px-Varangian_routes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Varangian_routes.png/440px-Varangian_routes.png 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kaubatee_varjaagide_juurest_kreeklasteni" title="Kaubatee varjaagide juurest kreeklasteni">Varakeskaegsed (8.–11. sajand) varjaagide kaubateed</a> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5hja-Euroopa" title="Põhja-Euroopa">Põhja-Euroopa</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Aasia" title="Aasia">Aasia</a> vahel (sinisega on märgitud kaubatee <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4nemeri" title="Läänemeri">Läänemeri</a>–<a href="/wiki/Laadoga" title="Laadoga">Laadoga</a>–<a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a>; teised maismaa kaubateed, sh kasaaride alasid läbivad teed, on märgitud oranžiga)</figcaption></figure> <p>Bulgaaride väljatõrjumise järel hoidsid kasaarid enda kontrolli all <a href="/wiki/Aasovi_meri" class="mw-redirect" title="Aasovi meri">Aasovi-äärseid</a> <a href="/wiki/Stepp" title="Stepp">steppe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Must_meri" title="Must meri">Musta mere</a> põhjarannikut ja <a href="/wiki/Krimm" title="Krimm">Krimmi</a> stepialasid. 7. sajandi keskpaiku tekkis neil iseseisev varafeodaalne riik <a href="/wiki/Kasaari_kaganaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasaari kaganaat">Kasaari kaganaat</a>, mille keskuseks oli algselt Semender ja hiljem, s.o <a href="/wiki/8._sajand" title="8. sajand">8.</a>–<a href="/wiki/10._sajand" title="10. sajand">10. sajandil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itil" class="mw-redirect" title="Itil">Itil</a> ehk Atil Volga suudmes <a href="/wiki/Kaspia_meri" title="Kaspia meri">Kaspia mere</a> ääres. </p><p>730. aastal said kasaarid <a href="/wiki/Ardabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil">Ardabili</a> (tänapäeval <a href="/wiki/Iraani_Aserbaid%C5%BEaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraani Aserbaidžaan">Iraani Aserbaidžaanis</a>) lahingus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umaijaadide_kalifaat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umaijaadide kalifaat (pole veel kirjutatud)">Umaijaadide kalifaadi</a> vägede üle suurvõidu. Bütsantsi keisrid naitusid väga harva võõramaalastega, kahel korral Bütsantsi troonipärija või valitsev keiser/basileus võttis naise Kasaari kagaani perekonnast. 733. aastal abiellus Bütsantsi valitseja <a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_V" title="Konstantinos V">Konstantinos V</a> (valitses 741–775) kasaari printsessi Tzitzakiga, ristinimega Irene. Konstantinose ja Irene poeg <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon IV (pole veel kirjutatud)">Leon IV</a> Kasaar oli <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCtsantsi_keiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Bütsantsi keiser">Bütsantsi keiser</a> aastatel 775–780. Bütsantsi-Kasaaria suhete halvenemine on otseselt seotud kasaari ülemkihi <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">judaismi</a> pöördumisega. 8. sajandi <a href="/wiki/%C3%95igeusk" title="Õigeusk">õigeuskliku</a> Bütsantsi usaldusväärsest liitlasest oli seetõttu 9. sajandi lõpul ja 10. sajandil saanud nende kõige suurem vastane ning Bütsants otsustas sõlmida liidu russidega. </p><p>Kasaari kagaan (<i>qagan</i> – ‘juht’ turgi keeltes, sellest sõnast tuleneb ka tiitel ‘khaan’ <a href="/wiki/Mongoli_keel" title="Mongoli keel">mongoli keeles</a>) omas kõrgeimat ilmalikku ja vaimulikku võimu. 9. sajandi esimeses pooles kagaani roll muutus: ta säilitas ülima sakraalse funktsiooni, kuid tema kõrvale tähtsuselt teiseks meheks riigis kerkis ilmalik valitseja – kuningas ehk (<i>qagan) beg</i>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Califate_750.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Califate_750.jpg/300px-Califate_750.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Califate_750.jpg/450px-Califate_750.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Califate_750.jpg/600px-Califate_750.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1492" data-file-height="1248" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umaijaadide_kalifaat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umaijaadide kalifaat (pole veel kirjutatud)">Umaijaadide kalifaadi</a> territoorium u 750. aastal</figcaption></figure> <p>Kaganaat piirnes lääne suunal <a href="/wiki/Avaari_khaaniriik" title="Avaari khaaniriik">Avaari khaaniriigiga</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Madjarid" class="mw-redirect" title="Madjarid">madjarite</a> asualadega. Kasaari Kaganaat ulatus Kiievist läänes (9. sajandil ulatus ka Doonauni), idas <a href="/wiki/Horezm" title="Horezm">Horezmini</a> praeguses <a href="/wiki/Usbekistan" title="Usbekistan">Usbekistanis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volga-Bulgaaria" title="Volga-Bulgaaria">Volga bulgaaridest</a> põhjas kuni lõunas <a href="/wiki/Krimm" title="Krimm">Krimmi</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Kaukasuse_m%C3%A4estik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaukasuse mäestik">Kaukasuse mäestikuni</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaukaasia" title="Kaukaasia">Kaukaasias</a>. Kasaari Kaganaat asus territooriumil, mis tänapäeval on jagunenud <a href="/wiki/Venemaa_F%C3%B6deratsioon" class="mw-redirect" title="Venemaa Föderatsioon">Venemaa Föderatsiooni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraina_ajalugu#Volga-Bulgaaria_ja_Kasaari_kaganaat" title="Ukraina ajalugu">Ukraina</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Kaukaasia" title="Kaukaasia">Kaukaasia</a> riikide vahel. Kasaari Kaganaat oli ka oma aja üks kahest suurimast <a href="/wiki/Ori" class="mw-redirect" title="Ori">orjade</a> <a href="/wiki/Eksport" title="Eksport">eksportijast</a>. Orjade saamiseks oli kaks allikat – sõjategevuse käigus vangistatud turgi <a href="/wiki/Nomaad" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomaad">nomaadid</a> ja Ida-Euroopa metsavööndist orjastamisretkede käigus kättesaadud slaavlastest põlluharijad. Turgi stepihõimude seast võetud sõjavangid müüdi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abassiidide_kalifaat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abassiidide kalifaat (pole veel kirjutatud)">Abassiidide kalifaati</a> sõjaorjadeks – <a href="/wiki/Mamelukid" title="Mamelukid">mamlūkideks</a>. </p><p>Kasaarid sõdisid araablastega üle saja aasta ning blokeerisid <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islami</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umaijaadide_kalifaat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umaijaadide kalifaat (pole veel kirjutatud)">Umaijaadide</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalifaat#Umaijaadide_Damaskuse_kalifaat" title="Kalifaat">kalifaadi</a> leviku põhja poole <a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Derbenti</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus">Kaukasuses</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Gardiner814.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gardiner814.jpg/220px-Gardiner814.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gardiner814.jpg/330px-Gardiner814.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Gardiner814.jpg/440px-Gardiner814.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="874" /></a><figcaption>Rahvaste asualad 9. sajandi alguses. "A School Atlas of English History" ed. by Samuel Rawson Gardiner</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/9._sajand" title="9. sajand">9. sajandi</a> keskpaigaks hoidsid <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">judaismi</a> vastu võtnud kasaarid enda kontrolli all alasid Musta mere põhjarannikul, Krimmi, alasid, mis piirnesid <a href="/wiki/Madjarid" class="mw-redirect" title="Madjarid">madjarite</a> aladega Dneprist lääne pool, alasid <a href="/wiki/Dnepr" title="Dnepr">Dnepri</a> ja Volga vahel kuni Dnepri keskjooksul asunud <a href="/wiki/Kiiev" title="Kiiev">Kiievini</a> ja kirdes Volga-Bulgari riigini ning <a href="/wiki/Pet%C5%A1eneegid" title="Petšeneegid">petšeneegide</a> aladeni idas <a href="/wiki/Araali_meri" title="Araali meri">Araali mereni</a> ning alasid Musta ja <a href="/wiki/Kaspia_meri" title="Kaspia meri">Kaspia mere</a> vahel. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:The_Caliphate_(632_-_945).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/The_Caliphate_%28632_-_945%29.jpg/220px-The_Caliphate_%28632_-_945%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/The_Caliphate_%28632_-_945%29.jpg/330px-The_Caliphate_%28632_-_945%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/The_Caliphate_%28632_-_945%29.jpg/440px-The_Caliphate_%28632_-_945%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4415" data-file-height="2847" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Esimene_Bulgaaria_tsaaririik" title="Esimene Bulgaaria tsaaririik">Bulgaaria tsaaririik</a> <a href="/wiki/Balkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan">Balkanil</a> ja Bütsantsi riigi alad</figcaption></figure> <p>Kasaaride jõukuse alus oli Volga jõel kaubanduse kontrolli all hoidmine ning see viis nad russidega, kes lõid <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> keskosas 830. aastate lõpus Russi Kaganaat, otsesesse konflikti. 10 sajandiks haarasid Skandinaavia rändkaupmehed ja piraadid, keda kasaarid varangideks kutsusid, <a href="/wiki/Kiievi-Vene" title="Kiievi-Vene">Kiievi-Venes</a> võimu. </p><p>930. aastate lõpus toimus russide kuninga <a href="/wiki/Oleg" title="Oleg">Olegi</a> rünnak Tamani poolsaarel asunud kasaaride linna Samkarshi (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tmutarakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tmutarakan (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tamantarkhan</a>) vastu. </p><p>963/964 aastal tegi noor <a href="/wiki/Kiievi-Vene" title="Kiievi-Vene">Kiievi-Vene</a> valitseja <a href="/wiki/Svjatoslav_I" title="Svjatoslav I">Svjatoslav I</a> sõjakäigu <a href="/wiki/Kasaari_kaganaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasaari kaganaat">Kasaari kaganaadi</a> vastu ning purustas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaari_kaganaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasaari kaganaan (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kasaari kaganaani</a> väed ning vallutas kasaaride linnad (Kazerani, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atil (pole veel kirjutatud)">Atili</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarkel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarkel (pole veel kirjutatud)">Sarkeli</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tmutarakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tmutarakan (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tmutarakani</a>) <a href="/wiki/Don" title="Don">Doni</a> jõe alamjooksul. Kasaari khaani vägede purustamise järel rüüstasid nõrgestatud kasaaride alasid naaberhõimud. Pärast Kasaari kaganaadi nõrgenemist saavutasid turgi oguusi keelerühma kuulunud <a href="/wiki/Pet%C5%A1eneegid" title="Petšeneegid">petšeneegid</a> võimu Volgast lääne pool asuvate stepialade üle. Russide kontrolli alla läks Doni jõgi, bulgaarid haarasid enda kätte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volga-Kaspia_kaubatee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volga-Kaspia kaubatee (pole veel kirjutatud)">Volga-Kaspia kaubatee</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Europe_1000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Europe_1000.jpg/300px-Europe_1000.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Europe_1000.jpg/450px-Europe_1000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Europe_1000.jpg/600px-Europe_1000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1932" data-file-height="1544" /></a><figcaption>Euroopa alad u 1000. aastal</figcaption></figure> <p>Aastatel 965–967 võttis Kasaaria kagaan vastu islami usu, püüdes niiviisi saada <a href="/wiki/Horezm" title="Horezm">Horezmilt</a> toetust. 1016. aastal otsustas <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCtsantsi_keiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Bütsantsi keiser">Bütsantsi keiser</a> (963–1025) <a href="/wiki/Basileios_II" title="Basileios II">Basileios II</a> Bulgaroktonos peale Bulgaaria taasvallutamist taastada oma impeeriumi dominantse positsiooni Mustal merel ning Bütsantsi laevastiku toel, koos slaavlaste ühendväega, vallutas kasaaridelt Krimmi ja kõrvaldas viimase kasaaride kagaani Krimmis Tzuli võimult. </p><p>Aasovi ja <a href="/wiki/Must_meri" title="Must meri">Musta mere</a> vahel asuva <a href="/wiki/Kert%C5%A1i_v%C3%A4in" title="Kertši väin">Kertši väina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kert%C5%A1i_poolsaar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kertši poolsaar (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kertši poolsaarel</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Tamani_poolsaar" title="Tamani poolsaar">Tamani poolsaarel</a> asus 10. sajandi II poolest kuni <a href="/wiki/12._sajand" title="12. sajand">12. sajandi</a> I pooleni <a href="/wiki/Tmutarakani_v%C3%BCrstkond" title="Tmutarakani vürstkond">Tmutarakani vürstkond</a>, osastisvürstkond allus algselt <a href="/wiki/Kiievi-Vene" title="Kiievi-Vene">Kiievi-Vene</a> riigile. <a href="/wiki/10._sajand" title="10. sajand">10. sajandi</a> lõpul tegi Svjatoslavi poeg, <a href="/wiki/Kiievi_suurv%C3%BCrst" title="Kiievi suurvürst">Kiievi suurvürst</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Svjatoslavit%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Svjatoslavitš">Vladimir Svjatoslavitš</a> ehk <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_P%C3%BCha" title="Vladimir Püha">Vladimir Püha</a> sõjakäigu kasaaride vastu ning sundis neid maksma <a href="/wiki/Andam" title="Andam">andamit</a>. </p><p>Kasaarid asusid ümber Ungarisse, <a href="/wiki/Transilvaania" title="Transilvaania">Transilvaaniasse</a>, Ukrainasse, Bulgaariasse, Leetu, Lõuna-Venemaale, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5hja-Kaukaasia" title="Põhja-Kaukaasia">Põhja-Kaukaasiasse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aserbaid%C5%BEaan" title="Aserbaidžaan">Aserbaidžaani</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCtsantsi_impeerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bütsantsi impeerium">Bütsantsi impeeriumisse</a>, aga ka Hispaaniasse, Egiptusesse, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4his-Ida" title="Lähis-Ida">Lähis-Itta</a>. Mõned väljarännanud kasaarid liitusid nende riikides olevate <a href="/wiki/Juudid" title="Juudid">juudi</a> <a href="/wiki/Kogukond" title="Kogukond">kogukondadega</a>, osa sulandus <a href="/wiki/Kristlus" title="Kristlus">kristlaste</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Moslem" class="mw-redirect" title="Moslem">moslemite</a> hulka. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaarid&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaarid&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esimene_Bulgaaria_tsaaririik" title="Esimene Bulgaaria tsaaririik">Esimene Bulgaaria tsaaririik</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kirjandus">Kirjandus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaarid&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Kirjandus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaarid&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Kirjandus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Tiit Arge, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dspace.ut.ee/bitstream/handle/10062/57188/BA_Arge2017.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Kasaaride konversioon judaismi ja hüpotees aškenazi juutide kasaari päritolust</a>, Tartu Ülikool Usuteaduskond Vana Testamendi ja semitistika õppetool, Tartu 2017</li> <li>Arthur Koestler, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toivopu.blogspot.com/2023/09/kolmeteistkumnes-hoim.html">Kolmeteistkümnes hõim - Kasaari impeerium ja selle pärand</a>, toivopu.blogspot.com 21. september 2023</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kasaarid&oldid=6505701">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kasaarid&oldid=6505701</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooriad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Rahvad" title="Kategooria:Rahvad">Rahvad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Turgi_rahvad" title="Kategooria:Turgi rahvad">Turgi rahvad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Ukraina_keskaeg" title="Kategooria:Ukraina keskaeg">Ukraina keskaeg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Venemaa_keskaeg" title="Kategooria:Venemaa keskaeg">Venemaa keskaeg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Euroopa_ajaloolised_riigid" title="Kategooria:Euroopa ajaloolised riigid">Euroopa ajaloolised riigid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:L%C3%A4his-Ida_ajaloolised_riigid" title="Kategooria:Lähis-Ida ajaloolised riigid">Lähis-Ida ajaloolised riigid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Euroopa_keskaja_riigid" title="Kategooria:Euroopa keskaja riigid">Euroopa keskaja riigid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Aasia_keskaja_riigid" title="Kategooria:Aasia keskaja riigid">Aasia keskaja riigid</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist_ootavad" title="Kategooria:Keeletoimetamist ootavad">Keeletoimetamist ootavad</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 10:28, 20. oktoober 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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