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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Browser_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Browser support </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Browser_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operating_system_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operating_system_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Operating system support </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operating_system_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coding_efficiency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coding_efficiency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Coding efficiency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coding_efficiency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Features </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Features subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Video_coding_layer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_coding_layer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Video coding layer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_coding_layer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Color_spaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color_spaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Color spaces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color_spaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coding_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coding_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Coding tools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coding_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coding_tree_unit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coding_tree_unit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Coding tree unit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coding_tree_unit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inverse_transforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inverse_transforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Inverse transforms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inverse_transforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parallel_processing_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parallel_processing_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 Parallel processing tools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parallel_processing_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_coding_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_coding_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.4 Other coding tools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_coding_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Entropy_coding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entropy_coding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.4.1 Entropy coding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entropy_coding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intra_prediction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intra_prediction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.4.2 Intra prediction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intra_prediction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motion_compensation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motion_compensation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.4.3 Motion compensation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motion_compensation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motion_vector_prediction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motion_vector_prediction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.4.4 Motion vector prediction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motion_vector_prediction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loop_filters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loop_filters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.5 Loop filters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loop_filters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deblocking_filter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deblocking_filter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.5.1 Deblocking filter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deblocking_filter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sample_adaptive_offset" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sample_adaptive_offset"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.5.2 Sample adaptive offset </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sample_adaptive_offset-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Range_extensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Range_extensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.6 Range extensions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Range_extensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Screen_content_coding_extensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Screen_content_coding_extensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.7 Screen content coding extensions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Screen_content_coding_extensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Profiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Profiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Profiles </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Profiles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Profiles subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Profiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Version_1_profiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Version_1_profiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Version 1 profiles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Version_1_profiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Main" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Main </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2 Main 10 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_Still_Picture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_Still_Picture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.3 Main Still Picture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_Still_Picture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Version_2_profiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Version_2_profiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Version 2 profiles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Version_2_profiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Version_3_and_higher_profiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Version_3_and_higher_profiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Version 3 and higher profiles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Version_3_and_higher_profiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tiers_and_levels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tiers_and_levels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Tiers and levels </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tiers_and_levels-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Tiers and levels subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Tiers_and_levels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Decoded_picture_buffer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decoded_picture_buffer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Decoded picture buffer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decoded_picture_buffer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Containers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Containers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Containers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Containers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patent_license_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patent_license_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Patent license terms </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Patent_license_terms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Patent license terms subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Patent_license_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Provision_for_costless_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provision_for_costless_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Provision for costless software </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provision_for_costless_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Versatile_Video_Coding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versatile_Video_Coding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Versatile Video Coding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Versatile_Video_Coding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">High Efficiency Video Coding</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" > 26 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ترميز الفيديو عالي الفعالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ترميز الفيديو عالي الفعالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.265" title="H.265 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="H.265" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="High Efficiency Video Coding" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="High Efficiency Video Coding" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.265/HEVC" title="H.265/HEVC – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="H.265/HEVC" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.265" title="H.265 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="H.265" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87" title="کدگذاری ویدئویی پربازده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کدگذاری ویدئویی پربازده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.265" title="H.265 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="H.265" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%ED%9A%A8%EC%9C%A8_%EB%B9%84%EB%94%94%EC%98%A4_%EC%BD%94%EB%94%A9" title="고효율 비디오 코딩 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고효율 비디오 코딩" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="High Efficiency Video Coding" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.265" title="H.265 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="H.265" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.265" title="H.265 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="H.265" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.265" title="H.265 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="H.265" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.265" title="H.265 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="H.265" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.265" title="H.265 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="H.265" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.265/HEVC" title="H.265/HEVC – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="H.265/HEVC" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_v%C3%ADdeo_de_alta_efici%C3%AAncia" title="Codificação de vídeo de alta eficiência – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Codificação de vídeo de alta eficiência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.265" title="H.265 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="H.265" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="High Efficiency Video Coding" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEVC" title="HEVC – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="HEVC" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Video compression format, succeeds H.264/MPEG-4 AVC</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn">HEVC / H.265 / MPEG-H Part 2</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">High Efficiency Video Coding</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">In force</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Year started</th><td class="infobox-data">7 June 2013 (11 years ago) (2013-06-07)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First published</th><td class="infobox-data">July 7, 2013 (11 years ago) (2013-07-07)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latest version</th><td class="infobox-data">10.0 July 29, 2024 (3 months ago) (2024-07-29)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Committee</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T_Study_Group_16" title="ITU-T Study Group 16">SG16</a> (Secretary: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simao_Campos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simao Campos (page does not exist)">Simao Campos</a>) (<a href="/wiki/VCEG" class="mw-redirect" title="VCEG">VCEG</a>), <a href="/wiki/MPEG" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG">MPEG</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Base standards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H.261" title="H.261">H.261</a>, <a href="/wiki/H.262" class="mw-redirect" title="H.262">H.262</a>, <a href="/wiki/H.263" title="H.263">H.263</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14496-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 14496-2">ISO/IEC 14496-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/H.264" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264">H.264</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related standards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H.266" class="mw-redirect" title="H.266">H.266</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">MPEG-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">MPEG-H</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domain</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Video_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Video compression">Video compression</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">License</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MPEG_LA" title="MPEG LA">MPEG LA</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.265">www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.265</a></td></tr></tbody></table> High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), also known as H.265 and MPEG-H Part 2, is a <a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">video compression standard</a> designed as part of the <a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">MPEG-H</a> project as a successor to the widely used <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">Advanced Video Coding</a> (AVC, H.264, or <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a> Part 10). In comparison to AVC, HEVC offers from 25% to 50% better <a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">data compression</a> at the same level of <a href="/wiki/Video_quality" title="Video quality">video quality</a>, or substantially improved video quality at the same <a href="/wiki/Bit_rate" title="Bit rate">bit rate</a>. It supports resolutions up to 8192×4320, including <a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">8K UHD</a>, and unlike the primarily 8-bit AVC, HEVC's higher fidelity Main 10 profile has been incorporated into nearly all supporting hardware. While AVC uses the integer <a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">discrete cosine transform</a> (DCT) with 4×4 and 8×8 block sizes, HEVC uses both integer DCT and <a href="/wiki/Discrete_sine_transform" title="Discrete sine transform">discrete sine transform</a> (DST) with varied block sizes between 4×4 and 32×32. The <a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">High Efficiency Image Format</a> (HEIF) is based on HEVC.<a href="#cite_note-apple-2">[2]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concept">Concept</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Concept">edit</a>]</div> In most ways, HEVC is an extension of the concepts in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. Both work by comparing different parts of a frame of video to find areas that are redundant, both within a single frame and between consecutive frames. These redundant areas are then replaced with a short description instead of the original pixels. The primary changes for HEVC include the expansion of the pattern comparison and difference-coding areas from 16×16 pixel to sizes up to 64×64, improved <a href="/wiki/Quadtree" title="Quadtree">variable-block-size segmentation</a>, improved "intra" prediction within the same picture, improved <a href="/wiki/Motion_vector" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion vector">motion vector</a> prediction and motion region merging, improved <a href="/wiki/Motion_compensation" title="Motion compensation">motion compensation</a> filtering, and an additional filtering step called sample-adaptive offset filtering. Effective use of these improvements requires much more signal processing capability for compressing the video but has less impact on the amount of computation needed for decompression. HEVC was standardized by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC), a collaboration between the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>/<a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a> <a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITU-T_Study_Group_16" title="ITU-T Study Group 16">ITU-T Study Group 16</a> <a href="/wiki/Video_Coding_Experts_Group" title="Video Coding Experts Group">VCEG</a>. The ISO/IEC group refers to it as MPEG-H Part 2 and the ITU-T as H.265. The first version of the HEVC standard was ratified in January 2013 and published in June 2013. The second version, with multiview extensions (MV-HEVC), range extensions (RExt), and scalability extensions (SHVC), was completed and approved in 2014 and published in early 2015. Extensions for <a href="/wiki/3D_video" class="mw-redirect" title="3D video">3D video</a> (3D-HEVC) were completed in early 2015, and extensions for screen content coding (SCC) were completed in early 2016 and published in early 2017, covering video containing rendered graphics, text, or animation as well as (or instead of) camera-captured video scenes. In October 2017, the standard was recognized by a <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Engineering_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Primetime Emmy Engineering Award">Primetime Emmy Engineering Award</a> as having had a material effect on the technology of television.<a href="#cite_note-EmmyCeremony-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-ATASannounce-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-ITUnews-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aachen-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-MSR-7">[7]</a> HEVC contains technologies covered by <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patents</a> owned by the organizations that participated in the JCT-VC. Implementing a device or software application that uses HEVC may require a license from HEVC patent holders. The ISO/IEC and ITU require companies that belong to their organizations to offer their patents on <a href="/wiki/Reasonable_and_non-discriminatory_licensing" title="Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing">reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing</a> (RAND) terms. Patent licenses can be obtained directly from each patent holder, or through patent licensing bodies, such as <a href="/wiki/MPEG_LA" title="MPEG LA">MPEG LA</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Access_Advance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Access Advance (page does not exist)">Access Advance</a>, and Velos Media. The combined licensing fees currently offered by all of the patent licensing bodies are higher than for AVC. The licensing fees are one of the main reasons HEVC adoption has been low on the web and is why some of the largest tech companies (<a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">ARM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a>, and more) have joined the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Open_Media" title="Alliance for Open Media">Alliance for Open Media</a>,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> which finalized royalty-free alternative video coding format <a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a> on March 28, 2018.<a href="#cite_note-AV1_Finalized-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> The HEVC format was jointly developed by more than a dozen organisations across the world. The majority of active patent contributions towards the development of the HEVC format came from five organizations: <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung Electronics</a> (4,249 patents), <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> (1,127 patents),<a href="#cite_note-hevcadvance-10">[10]</a> M&K Holdings (907 patents), <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone" title="Nippon Telegraph and Telephone">NTT</a> (878 patents), and <a href="/wiki/JVC_Kenwood" class="mw-redirect" title="JVC Kenwood">JVC Kenwood</a> (628 patents).<a href="#cite_note-mpegla-11">[11]</a> Other patent holders include <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canon_Inc." title="Canon Inc.">Canon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, <a href="/wiki/KAIST" title="KAIST">KAIST</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kwangwoon_University" title="Kwangwoon University">Kwangwoon University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sungkyunkwan_University" title="Sungkyunkwan University">Sungkyunkwan University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funai" title="Funai">Funai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hikvision" title="Hikvision">Hikvision</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System" title="Korean Broadcasting System">KBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/KT_Corporation" title="KT Corporation">KT</a> and <a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Previous_work">Previous work</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Previous work">edit</a>]</div> In 2004, the ITU-T <a href="/wiki/Video_Coding_Experts_Group" title="Video Coding Experts Group">Video Coding Experts Group</a> (VCEG) began a major study of technology advances that could enable the creation of a new video compression standard (or substantial compression-oriented enhancements of the <a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">H.264/MPEG-4 AVC</a> standard).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> In October 2004, various techniques for potential enhancement of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard were surveyed. In January 2005, at the next meeting of VCEG, VCEG began designating certain topics as "Key Technical Areas" (KTA) for further investigation. A software codebase called the KTA codebase was established for evaluating such proposals.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The KTA software was based on the Joint Model (JM) reference software that was developed by the MPEG & VCEG Joint Video Team for H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. Additional proposed technologies were integrated into the KTA software and tested in experiment evaluations over the next four years.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-JCTVCOfficialWebsite-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCNovember2013ISOIEC-17">[17]</a> Two approaches for standardizing enhanced compression technology were considered: either creating a new standard or creating extensions of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. The project had tentative names H.265 and H.NGVC (Next-generation Video Coding), and was a major part of the work of VCEG until it evolved into the HEVC joint project with MPEG in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-FirstJCTVCMeetingDresden-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-StatusH265July2008-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-NGVCRequirements2009-20">[20]</a> The preliminary requirements for NGVC were the capability to have a <a href="/wiki/Bit_rate" title="Bit rate">bit rate</a> reduction of 50% at the same subjective image quality compared with the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC High profile, and computational complexity ranging from 1/2 to 3 times that of the High profile.<a href="#cite_note-NGVCRequirements2009-20">[20]</a> NGVC would be able to provide 25% bit rate reduction along with 50% reduction in complexity at the same perceived video quality as the High profile, or to provide greater bit rate reduction with somewhat higher complexity.<a href="#cite_note-NGVCRequirements2009-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-epvcreqs-21">[21]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>/<a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a> <a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">Moving Picture Experts Group</a> (MPEG) started a similar project in 2007, tentatively named High-performance Video Coding.<a href="#cite_note-ThomasWiegandInterview-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-StatusHVCJuly2009-23">[23]</a> An agreement of getting a bit rate reduction of 50% had been decided as the goal of the project by July 2007.<a href="#cite_note-ThomasWiegandInterview-22">[22]</a> Early evaluations were performed with modifications of the KTA reference software encoder developed by VCEG.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> By July 2009, experimental results showed average bit reduction of around 20% compared with AVC High Profile; these results prompted MPEG to initiate its <a href="/wiki/Standardization" title="Standardization">standardization</a> effort in collaboration with VCEG.<a href="#cite_note-StatusHVCJuly2009-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joint_Collaborative_Team_on_Video_Coding">Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding">edit</a>]</div> MPEG and VCEG established a Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) to develop the HEVC standard.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Extensions-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-3DHEVCDraftFebruary2015-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standardization">Standardization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Standardization">edit</a>]</div> A formal joint Call for Proposals on video compression technology was issued in January 2010 by VCEG and MPEG, and proposals were evaluated at the first meeting of the MPEG & VCEG Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC), which took place in April 2010. A total of 27 full proposals were submitted.<a href="#cite_note-FirstJCTVCMeetingDresden-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-ITUDresdenMeetingDocuments-27">[27]</a> Evaluations showed that some proposals could reach the same visual quality as AVC at only half the bit rate in many of the test cases, at the cost of 2–10× increase in computational complexity, and some proposals achieved good subjective quality and bit rate results with lower computational complexity than the reference AVC High profile encodings. At that meeting, the name High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) was adopted for the joint project.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FirstJCTVCMeetingDresden-18">[18]</a> Starting at that meeting, the JCT-VC integrated features of some of the best proposals into a single software codebase and a "Test Model under Consideration", and performed further experiments to evaluate various proposed features.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The first working draft specification of HEVC was produced at the third JCT-VC meeting in October 2010. Many changes in the coding tools and configuration of HEVC were made in later JCT-VC meetings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> On January 25, 2013, the ITU announced that HEVC had received first stage approval (consent) in the <a href="/wiki/ITU-T#Approval_of_Recommendations" title="ITU-T">ITU-T Alternative Approval Process (AAP)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ITUJanuary2013HEVCConsentApproval-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-MultichannelJanuary2013HEVCConsentApproval-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-January2013HEVCApprovalProcess-31">[31]</a> On the same day, MPEG announced that HEVC had been promoted to Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) status in the <a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group#Standardization_process" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG standardization process</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MPEGJanuary2013HEVCMilestone-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPEGBasicsJanuary2013-33">[33]</a> On April 13, 2013, HEVC/H.265 was approved as an ITU-T standard.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCApr2013ITURec-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCAprilApproved2013ITUAAPDetails-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCAprilApproved2013ITUAAPAnnouncement-36">[36]</a> The standard was formally published by the ITU-T on June 7, 2013, and by the ISO/IEC on November 25, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCNovember2013ISOIEC-17">[17]</a> On July 11, 2014, MPEG announced that the 2nd edition of HEVC will contain three recently completed extensions which are the multiview extensions (MV-HEVC), the range extensions (RExt), and the scalability extensions (SHVC).<a href="#cite_note-MPEGJuly2014PR109-37">[37]</a> On October 29, 2014, HEVC/H.265 version 2 was approved as an ITU-T standard.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCOct2014ITURec-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCOctoberApproved2014ITUAAPDetails-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCOctoberApproved2014ITUAAPAnnouncement-40">[40]</a> It was then formally published on January 12, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a> On April 29, 2015, HEVC/H.265 version 3 was approved as an ITU-T standard.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCApr2015ITURec-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCAprilApproved2015ITUAAPDetails-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCAprilApproved2015ITUAAPAnnouncement-43">[43]</a> On June 3, 2016, HEVC/H.265 version 4 was consented in the ITU-T and was not approved during a vote in October 2016.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCOctoberApproved2016ITUAAPDetails-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCOctoberApproved2016ITUAAPAnnouncement-45">[45]</a> On December 22, 2016, HEVC/H.265 version 4 was approved as an ITU-T standard.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCDecemberApproved2016ITUAAPDetails-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCDecemberApproved2016ITUAAPAnnouncement-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patent_licensing">Patent licensing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Patent licensing">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/MPEG_LA" title="MPEG LA">MPEG LA</a></div> On September 29, 2014, <a href="/wiki/MPEG_LA" title="MPEG LA">MPEG LA</a> announced their HEVC license which covers the essential patents from 23 companies.<a href="#cite_note-MPEGLAHEVCSeptember2014Yahoo-48">[48]</a> The first 100,000 "devices" (which includes software implementations) are royalty free, and after that the fee is $0.20 per device up to an annual cap of $25 million.<a href="#cite_note-MPEGLAHEVCLicensePDFSeptember2014-49">[49]</a> This is significantly more expensive than the fees on AVC, which were $0.10 per device, with the same 100,000 waiver, and an annual cap of $6.5 million. MPEG LA does not charge any fee on the content itself, something they had attempted when initially licensing AVC, but subsequently dropped when content producers refused to pay it.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The license has been expanded to include the profiles in version 2 of the HEVC standard.<a href="#cite_note-MPEGLAV2HEVCMarch2015Yahoo-51">[51]</a> When the MPEG LA terms were announced, commenters noted that a number of prominent patent holders were not part of the group. Among these were <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a>. Speculation at the time was that these companies would form their own licensing pool to compete with or add to the MPEG LA pool. Such a group was formally announced on March 26, 2015, as <a href="/w/index.php?title=HEVC_Advance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HEVC Advance (page does not exist)">HEVC Advance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-streaming-52">[52]</a> The terms, covering 500 essential patents, were announced on July 22, 2015, with rates that depend on the country of sale, type of device, HEVC profile, HEVC extensions, and HEVC optional features. Unlike the MPEG LA terms, HEVC Advance reintroduced license fees on content encoded with HEVC, through a revenue sharing fee.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCAdvanceRoyaltyPDFJuly2015-53">[53]</a> The initial HEVC Advance license had a maximum royalty rate of US$2.60 per device for Region 1 countries and a content royalty rate of 0.5% of the revenue generated from HEVC video services. Region 1 countries in the HEVC Advance license include the United States, Canada, European Union, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and others. Region 2 countries are countries not listed in the Region 1 country list. The HEVC Advance license had a maximum royalty rate of US$1.30 per device for Region 2 countries. Unlike MPEG LA, there was no annual cap. On top of this, HEVC Advance also charged a royalty rate of 0.5% of the revenue generated from video services encoding content in HEVC.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCAdvanceRoyaltyPDFJuly2015-53">[53]</a> When they were announced, there was considerable backlash from industry observers about the "unreasonable and greedy" fees on devices, which were about seven times that of the MPEG LA's fees. Added together, a device would require licenses costing $2.80, twenty-eight times as expensive as AVC, as well as license fees on the content. This led to calls for "content owners [to] band together and agree not to license from HEVC Advance".<a href="#cite_note-PatentPoolJuly2015HuffingtonPost-54">[54]</a> Others argued the rates might cause companies to switch to competing standards such as <a href="/wiki/Daala" title="Daala">Daala</a> and <a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PatentGroupJuly2015Arstechnica-55">[55]</a> On December 18, 2015, HEVC Advance announced changes in the royalty rates. The changes include a reduction in the maximum royalty rate for Region 1 countries to US$2.03 per device, the creation of annual royalty caps, and a waiving of royalties on content that is free to end users. The annual royalty caps for a company is US$40 million for devices, US$5 million for content, and US$2 million for optional features.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCAdvanceRoyaltyPDFDecember2015-56">[56]</a> On February 3, 2016, <a href="/wiki/Technicolor_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="Technicolor SA">Technicolor SA</a> announced that they had withdrawn from the HEVC Advance <a href="/wiki/Patent_pool" title="Patent pool">patent pool</a><a href="#cite_note-TechnicolorHEVCPatentPoolFebruary2016GlobeNewswire-57">[57]</a> and would be directly licensing their HEVC patents.<a href="#cite_note-why_technicolor_left_pool-58">[58]</a> HEVC Advance previously listed 12 patents from Technicolor.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Technicolor announced that they had rejoined on October 22, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> On November 22, 2016, HEVC Advance announced a major initiative, revising their policy to allow software implementations of HEVC to be distributed directly to consumer mobile devices and personal computers royalty free, without requiring a patent license.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> On March 31, 2017, Velos Media announced their HEVC license which covers the essential patents from Ericsson, Panasonic, Qualcomm Incorporated, Sharp, and Sony.<a href="#cite_note-VelosHEVCMarch2017Yahoo-62">[62]</a> As of April 2019,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit">[update]</a> the MPEG LA HEVC patent list is 164 pages long.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Patent_holders">Patent holders</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Patent holders">edit</a>]</div> The following organizations currently hold the most active patents in the HEVC patent pools listed by <a href="/wiki/MPEG_LA" title="MPEG LA">MPEG LA</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=HEVC_Advance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HEVC Advance (page does not exist)">HEVC Advance</a>: <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Organization </th> <th>Active patents </th> <th class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung Electronics</a> </td> <td>4249 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-hevcadvance-10">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> (GE) </td> <td>1127 </td></tr> <tr> <td>M&K Holdings Inc </td> <td>0907 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="#cite_note-mpegla-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone" title="Nippon Telegraph and Telephone">Nippon Telegraph and Telephone</a> (including <a href="/wiki/NTT_Docomo" title="NTT Docomo">NTT Docomo</a>) </td> <td>0878 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/JVC_Kenwood" class="mw-redirect" title="JVC Kenwood">JVC Kenwood</a> </td> <td>0628 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dolby" title="Dolby">Dolby Laboratories</a> </td> <td>0624 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-hevcadvance-10">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infobridge Pte. Ltd. </td> <td>0572 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-mpegla-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Mitsubishi Electric">Mitsubishi Electric</a> </td> <td>0401 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-hevcadvance-10">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SK_Telecom" title="SK Telecom">SK Telecom</a> (including <a href="/wiki/SK_Planet" title="SK Planet">SK Planet</a>) </td> <td>0380 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-mpegla-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MediaTek" title="MediaTek">MediaTek</a> (through HFI Inc.) </td> <td>0337 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-hevcadvance-10">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sejong_University" title="Sejong University">Sejong University</a> </td> <td>0330 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KT_Corporation" title="KT Corporation">KT Corp</a> </td> <td>0289 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-mpegla-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> </td> <td>0230 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="#cite_note-hevcadvance-10">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Godo_kaisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Godo kaisha">Godo Kaisha</a> IP Bridge </td> <td>0219 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a> Corporation </td> <td>0219 </td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="#cite_note-mpegla-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Electronics_and_Telecommunications_Research_Institute" title="Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute">Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute</a> (ETRI) of Korea </td> <td>0208 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canon_Inc." title="Canon Inc.">Canon Inc.</a> </td> <td>0180 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tagivan II </td> <td>0162 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a> </td> <td>0144 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyung_Hee_University" title="Kyung Hee University">Kyung Hee University</a> </td> <td>0103 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Versions">Versions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Versions">edit</a>]</div> Versions of the HEVC/H.265 standard using the ITU-T approval dates.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a> <ul><li>Version 1: (April 13, 2013) First approved version of the HEVC/H.265 standard containing Main, Main10, and Main Still Picture profiles.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCApr2013ITURec-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCAprilApproved2013ITUAAPDetails-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCAprilApproved2013ITUAAPAnnouncement-36">[36]</a></li> <li>Version 2: (October 29, 2014) Second approved version of the HEVC/H.265 standard which adds 21 range extensions profiles, two scalable extensions profiles, and one multi-view extensions profile.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCOct2014ITURec-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCOctoberApproved2014ITUAAPDetails-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCOctoberApproved2014ITUAAPAnnouncement-40">[40]</a></li> <li>Version 3: (April 29, 2015) Third approved version of the HEVC/H.265 standard which adds the 3D Main profile.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCApr2015ITURec-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCAprilApproved2015ITUAAPDetails-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCAprilApproved2015ITUAAPAnnouncement-43">[43]</a></li> <li>Version 4: (December 22, 2016) Fourth approved version of the HEVC/H.265 standard which adds seven screen content coding extensions profiles, three high throughput extensions profiles, and four scalable extensions profiles.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCDec2016ITURec-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCDecemberApproved2016ITUAAPDetails-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCDecemberApproved2016ITUAAPAnnouncement-47">[47]</a></li> <li>Version 5: (February 13, 2018) Fifth approved version of the HEVC/H.265 standard which adds additional SEI messages that include omnidirectional video SEI messages, a Monochrome 10 profile, a Main 10 Still Picture profile, and corrections to various minor defects in the prior content of the Specification.<a href="#cite_note-H265DeclaredPatents-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-H265V5-67">[67]</a></li> <li>Version 6: (June 29, 2019) Sixth approved version of the HEVC/H.265 standard which adds additional SEI messages that include SEI manifest and SEI prefix messages, and corrections to various minor defects in the prior content of the Specification.<a href="#cite_note-H265DeclaredPatents-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-H265V6-68">[68]</a></li> <li>Version 7: (November 29, 2019) Seventh approved version of the HEVC/H.265 standard which adds additional SEI messages for fisheye video information and annotated regions, and also includes corrections to various minor defects in the prior content of the Specification.<a href="#cite_note-H265DeclaredPatents-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-H265V7-69">[69]</a></li> <li>Version 8: on 22 August, 2021 Version 8 was approved.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>Version 9: on 13 September, 2023 Version 9 was approved. <a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li>Version 10: on 29 July, 2024 Version 10 was approved, it is the latest version.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations_and_products">Implementations and products</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Implementations and products">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding_implementations_and_products" title="High Efficiency Video Coding implementations and products">High Efficiency Video Coding implementations and products</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012">2012</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2012">edit</a>]</div> On February 29, 2012, at the 2012 <a href="/wiki/Mobile_World_Congress" title="Mobile World Congress">Mobile World Congress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a> demonstrated a HEVC decoder running on an Android tablet, with a <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm_Snapdragon" title="Qualcomm Snapdragon">Qualcomm Snapdragon</a> S4 dual-core processor running at 1.5 GHz, showing H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and HEVC versions of the same video content playing side by side. In this demonstration, HEVC reportedly showed almost a 50% bit rate reduction compared with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCQualcommMWC-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013">2013</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2013">edit</a>]</div> On February 11, 2013, researchers from <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> demonstrated the world's first published HEVC ASIC decoder at the <a href="/wiki/International_Solid-State_Circuits_Conference" title="International Solid-State Circuits Conference">International Solid-State Circuits Conference</a> (ISSCC) 2013.<a href="#cite_note-MITHEVCFebruary2013-74">[74]</a> Their chip was capable of decoding a 3840×2160p at 30 fps video stream in real time, consuming under 0.1 W of power.<a href="#cite_note-EETimesMITHEVCFebruary2013-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-TIKEKAR2014-76">[76]</a> On April 3, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Ateme" title="Ateme">Ateme</a> announced the availability of the first open source implementation of a HEVC software player based on the OpenHEVC decoder and <a href="/wiki/GPAC_Project_on_Advanced_Content" title="GPAC Project on Advanced Content">GPAC</a> video player which are both licensed under <a href="/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License" title="GNU Lesser General Public License">LGPL</a>. The OpenHEVC decoder supports the Main profile of HEVC and can decode 1080p at 30 fps video using a single core CPU.<a href="#cite_note-OpenHEVCApril2013Reuters-77">[77]</a> A live transcoder that supports HEVC and used in combination with the GPAC video player was shown at the ATEME booth at the NAB Show in April 2013.<a href="#cite_note-OpenHEVCApril2013Reuters-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-OpenHEVCApril2013PRNewswire-78">[78]</a> On July 23, 2013, <a href="/wiki/MulticoreWare" title="MulticoreWare">MulticoreWare</a> announced, and made the <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> available for the <a href="/wiki/X265" title="X265">x265</a> HEVC Encoder Library under the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License#Version_2" title="GNU General Public License">GPL v2 license</a>.<a href="#cite_note-x265July2013Extreme-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-x265July2013Tom-80">[80]</a> On August 8, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone" title="Nippon Telegraph and Telephone">Nippon Telegraph and Telephone</a> announced the release of their HEVC-1000 SDK software encoder which supports the Main 10 profile, resolutions up to 7680×4320, and frame rates up to 120 fps.<a href="#cite_note-NTTAugust2013NTT-81">[81]</a> On November 14, 2013, <a href="/wiki/DivX,_LLC" title="DivX, LLC">DivX</a> developers released information on HEVC decoding performance using an Intel i7 CPU at 3.5 GHz with 4 cores and 8 threads.<a href="#cite_note-DecodingHEVCNovember2013Divx-82">[82]</a> The DivX 10.1 Beta decoder was capable of 210.9 fps at 720p, 101.5 fps at 1080p, and 29.6 fps at 4K.<a href="#cite_note-DecodingHEVCNovember2013Divx-82">[82]</a> On December 18, 2013, <a href="/wiki/ViXS_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="ViXS Systems">ViXS Systems</a> announced shipments of their XCode (not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Xcode" title="Xcode">Apple's Xcode</a> <a href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">IDE</a> for MacOS) 6400 SoC which was the first SoC to support the Main 10 profile of HEVC.<a href="#cite_note-VixsHEVCDecember2013Shipments-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014">2014</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2014">edit</a>]</div> On April 5, 2014, at the NAB show, eBrisk Video, Inc. and Altera Corporation demonstrated an FPGA-accelerated HEVC Main10 encoder that encoded 4Kp60/10-bit video in real-time, using a dual-Xeon E5-2697-v2 platform.<a href="#cite_note-eBriskHEVC4K60April2014-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-4K60RealTime-85">[85]</a> On August 13, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Ittiam_Systems" title="Ittiam Systems">Ittiam Systems</a> announced availability of its third generation H.265/HEVC codec with 4:2:2 12-bit support.<a href="#cite_note-IttiamHEVCAugust2014-86">[86]</a> On September 5, 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_Association" title="Blu-ray Disc Association">Blu-ray Disc Association</a> announced that the 4K <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Blu-ray Disc">Blu-ray Disc</a> specification would support HEVC-encoded 4K video at 60 fps, the <a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Rec. 2020</a> color space, <a href="/wiki/High-dynamic-range_imaging" class="mw-redirect" title="High-dynamic-range imaging">high dynamic range</a> (<a href="/wiki/Perceptual_quantizer" title="Perceptual quantizer">PQ</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_log%E2%80%93gamma" title="Hybrid log–gamma">HLG</a>), and 10-bit <a href="/wiki/Color_depth" title="Color depth">color depth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNET4KBlu-raySeptember2014-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-HMM4KBlu-raySeptember2014-88">[88]</a> 4K Blu-ray Discs have a data rate of at least 50 Mbit/s and disc capacity up to 100 GB.<a href="#cite_note-CNET4KBlu-raySeptember2014-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-HMM4KBlu-raySeptember2014-88">[88]</a> 4K Blu-ray Discs and players became available for purchase in 2015 or 2016.<a href="#cite_note-CNET4KBlu-raySeptember2014-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-HMM4KBlu-raySeptember2014-88">[88]</a> On September 9, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> announced the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_6" title="IPhone 6">iPhone 6</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPhone_6_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 6 Plus">iPhone 6 Plus</a> which support HEVC/H.265 for FaceTime over cellular.<a href="#cite_note-AppleIPhone6HEVCSeptember2014-89">[89]</a> On September 18, 2014, Nvidia released the GeForce GTX 980 (GM204) and GTX 970 (GM204), which includes <a href="/wiki/Nvidia_NVENC" title="Nvidia NVENC">Nvidia NVENC</a>, the world's first HEVC hardware encoder in a discrete graphics card.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> On October 31, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> confirmed that <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> will support HEVC <a href="/wiki/Out_of_the_box_(feature)" title="Out of the box (feature)">out of the box</a>, according to a statement from Gabriel Aul, the leader of Microsoft Operating Systems Group's Data and Fundamentals Team.<a href="#cite_note-TwitterHEVCNovember2014W10-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-WCHEVCNovember2014W10-92">[92]</a> Windows 10 Technical Preview Build 9860 added platform level support for HEVC and <a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SoftpediaHEVCNovember2014W10-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-MicrosoftHEVCNovember2014W10-94">[94]</a> On November 3, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Android_Lollipop" title="Android Lollipop">Android Lollipop</a> was released with <a href="/wiki/Out_of_the_box_(feature)" title="Out of the box (feature)">out of the box</a> support for HEVC using <a href="/wiki/Ittiam_Systems" title="Ittiam Systems">Ittiam Systems</a>' software.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015">2015</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2015">edit</a>]</div> On January 5, 2015, ViXS Systems announced the XCode 6800 which is the first SoC to support the Main 12 profile of HEVC.<a href="#cite_note-Vixs12bitHEVCJanuary2015Yahoo-96">[96]</a> On January 5, 2015, Nvidia officially announced the Tegra X1 SoC with full fixed-function HEVC hardware decoding.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> On January 22, 2015, <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> released the GeForce GTX 960 (GM206), which includes the world's first full fixed function HEVC Main/Main10 hardware decoder in a discrete graphics card.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> On February 23, 2015, <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Micro Devices">Advanced Micro Devices</a> (AMD) announced that their <a href="/wiki/Unified_Video_Decoder" title="Unified Video Decoder">UVD</a> ASIC to be found in the <a href="/wiki/Excavator_(microarchitecture)" title="Excavator (microarchitecture)">Carrizo</a> APUs would be the first x86 based CPUs to have a HEVC hardware decoder.<a href="#cite_note-AMDHEVCFebruary2015EETimes-100">[100]</a> On February 27, 2015, <a href="/wiki/VLC_media_player" title="VLC media player">VLC media player</a> version 2.2.0 was released with robust support of HEVC playback. The corresponding versions on Android and iOS are also able to play HEVC. On March 31, 2015, VITEC announced the MGW Ace which was the first 100% hardware-based portable HEVC encoder that provides mobile HEVC encoding.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> On August 5, 2015, Intel launched <a href="/wiki/Skylake_(microarchitecture)" title="Skylake (microarchitecture)">Skylake</a> products with full fixed function Main/8-bit decoding/encoding and hybrid/partial Main10/10-bit decoding. On September 9, 2015 <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> announced the <a href="/wiki/Apple_A9" title="Apple A9">Apple A9</a> chip, first used in the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_6S" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone 6S">iPhone 6S</a>, its first processor with a hardware HEVC decoder supporting Main 8 and 10. This feature would not be unlocked until the release of <a href="/wiki/IOS_11" title="IOS 11">iOS 11</a> in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-flatpanelshd.com-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016">2016</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2016">edit</a>]</div> On April 11, 2016, full HEVC (H.265) support was announced in the newest <a href="/wiki/MythTV" title="MythTV">MythTV</a> version (0.28).<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> On August 30, 2016, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> officially announced 7th generation Core CPUs (<a href="/wiki/Kaby_Lake" title="Kaby Lake">Kaby Lake</a>) products with full fixed function HEVC Main10 hardware decoding support.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> On September 7, 2016 <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> announced the <a href="/wiki/Apple_A10" title="Apple A10">Apple A10</a> chip, first used in the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_7" title="IPhone 7">iPhone 7</a>, which included a hardware HEVC encoder supporting Main 8 and 10. This feature would not be unlocked until the release of <a href="/wiki/IOS_11" title="IOS 11">iOS 11</a> in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-flatpanelshd.com-102">[102]</a> On October 25, 2016, <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> released the GeForce GTX 1050Ti (GP107) and GeForce GTX 1050 (GP107), which includes full fixed function HEVC Main10/Main12 hardware encoder. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017">2017</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2017">edit</a>]</div> On June 5, 2017, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> announced HEVC H.265 support in <a href="/wiki/MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">macOS High Sierra</a>, <a href="/wiki/IOS_11" title="IOS 11">iOS 11</a>, <a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a>,<a href="#cite_note-developer.apple.com-105">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/HTTP_Live_Streaming" title="HTTP Live Streaming">HTTP Live Streaming</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> On June 25, 2017, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> released a free HEVC app extension for <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a>, enabling some Windows 10 devices with HEVC decoding hardware to play video using the HEVC format inside any app.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> On September 19, 2017, Apple released <a href="/wiki/IOS_11" title="IOS 11">iOS 11</a> and <a href="/wiki/TvOS_11" class="mw-redirect" title="TvOS 11">tvOS 11</a> with HEVC encoding & decoding support.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-developer.apple.com-105">[105]</a> On September 25, 2017, Apple released <a href="/wiki/MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">macOS High Sierra</a> with HEVC encoding & decoding support. On September 28, 2017, <a href="/wiki/GoPro" title="GoPro">GoPro</a> released the Hero6 Black action camera, with 4K60P HEVC video encoding.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> On October 17, 2017, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> removed HEVC decoding support from Windows 10 with the Version 1709 Fall Creators Update, making HEVC available instead as a separate, paid download from the Microsoft Store.<a href="#cite_note-microsoft-charging-hevc-extensions-112">[112]</a> On November 2, 2017, <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> released the GeForce GTX 1070 Ti (GP104), which includes full fixed function HEVC Main10/Main12 hardware decoder. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018">2018</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2018">edit</a>]</div> On September 20, 2018, <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> released the GeForce RTX 2080 (TU104), which includes full fixed function HEVC Main 4:4:4 12 hardware decoder. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022">2022</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2022">edit</a>]</div> On October 25, 2022, <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</a> released version 107, which starts supporting HEVC hardware decoding for all platforms "out of the box", if the hardware is supported. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Browser_support">Browser support</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Browser support">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/HTML_video#Browser_support" title="HTML video">HTML video § Browser support</a></div> HEVC is implemented in these web browsers: <ul><li>Android browser (since version 5 from November 2014)<a href="#cite_note-androidformats-113">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a> (since version 11 from September 2017)<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Edge</a> (since version 77 from July 2017, supported on Windows 10 1709+ for devices with supported hardware when HEVC video extensions is installed, since version 107 from October 2022, supported on macOS 11+, Android 5.0+)<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</a> (since version 107 from October 2022, supported on macOS 11+, Android 5.0+, supported on Windows 7+, ChromeOS, and Linux for devices with supported hardware)<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a> (since version 94 from December 2022, supported on the same platforms as Chrome)</li></ul> In June 2023, an estimated 88.31% of browsers in use on desktop and mobile systems were able to play HEVC videos in HTML5 webpages, based on data from Can I Use.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operating_system_support">Operating system support</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Operating system support">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"> <caption>HEVC support by different operating systems </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row"> </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 324px;"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 216px;"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 216px;"><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 216px;"><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Codec support </th> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Container support </th> <td><a href="/wiki/MP4" class="mw-redirect" title="MP4">MP4</a> (.mp4, .m4v) <a href="/wiki/QuickTime_File_Format" title="QuickTime File Format">QuickTime File Format</a> (.mov) <a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a> (.mkv) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MP4" class="mw-redirect" title="MP4">MP4</a> (.mp4, .m4v) <a href="/wiki/QuickTime_File_Format" title="QuickTime File Format">QuickTime File Format</a> (.mov) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MP4" class="mw-redirect" title="MP4">MP4</a> (.mp4, .m4v) <a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a> (.mkv) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MP4" class="mw-redirect" title="MP4">MP4</a> (.mp4, .m4v) <a href="/wiki/QuickTime_File_Format" title="QuickTime File Format">QuickTime File Format</a> (.mov) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Notes </th> <td>- Support introduced in Windows 10 version 1507. - Built-in support was removed in Windows 10 version 1709 due to licensing costs. The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/hevc-video-extensions/9nmzlz57r3t7">HEVC Video Extensions</a> add-on can be purchased from the Microsoft Store to enable HEVC playback on the default media player app <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Movies_%26_TV" title="Microsoft Movies & TV">Microsoft Movies & TV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-microsoft-charging-hevc-extensions-112">[112]</a> - Since Windows 11 version 22H2, the HEVC Video Extensions is built-in by default installation.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> </td> <td>Support introduced in macOS 10.13 High Sierra<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> </td> <td>- Support introduced in Android 5.0<a href="#cite_note-androidformats-113">[113]</a> - Some Android devices may only support 8-bit (Main profile) hardware decoding, but not 10-bit (Main 10 profile). </td> <td>- Support introduced in iOS 11.0 - Playback with software decoding is possible on iPhone 5s (at 720p/240 fps, 1080p/60 fps) and iPhone 6 (at 1080p/240 fps). - Hardware decoding is available on <a href="/wiki/Apple_A9" title="Apple A9">Apple A9</a> (iPhone 6s), while hardware decoding & encoding is available on <a href="/wiki/Apple_A10" title="Apple A10">Apple A10</a> (iPhone 7).<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coding_efficiency">Coding efficiency</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Coding efficiency">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HEVC_Block_Diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/HEVC_Block_Diagram.png/220px-HEVC_Block_Diagram.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/HEVC_Block_Diagram.png/330px-HEVC_Block_Diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/HEVC_Block_Diagram.png/440px-HEVC_Block_Diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="1221" /></a><figcaption>Block diagram of HEVC</figcaption></figure> Most video coding standards are designed primarily to achieve the highest coding efficiency. Coding efficiency is the ability to encode video at the lowest possible bit rate while maintaining a certain level of video quality. There are two standard ways to measure the coding efficiency of a video coding standard, which are to use an objective metric, such as <a href="/wiki/Peak_signal-to-noise_ratio" title="Peak signal-to-noise ratio">peak signal-to-noise ratio</a> (PSNR), or to use subjective assessment of video quality. Subjective assessment of video quality is considered to be the most important way to measure a video coding standard since humans perceive video quality subjectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhm2012-121">[121]</a> HEVC benefits from the use of larger <a href="/wiki/Coding_tree_unit" title="Coding tree unit">coding tree unit</a> (CTU) sizes. This has been shown in PSNR tests with a HM-8.0 HEVC encoder where it was forced to use progressively smaller CTU sizes. For all test sequences, when compared with a 64×64 CTU size, it was shown that the HEVC bit rate increased by 2.2% when forced to use a 32×32 CTU size, and increased by 11.0% when forced to use a 16×16 CTU size. In the Class A test sequences, where the resolution of the video was 2560×1600, when compared with a 64×64 CTU size, it was shown that the HEVC bit rate increased by 5.7% when forced to use a 32×32 CTU size, and increased by 28.2% when forced to use a 16×16 CTU size. The tests showed that large CTU sizes increase coding efficiency while also reducing decoding time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhm2012-121">[121]</a> The HEVC Main Profile (MP) has been compared in coding efficiency to H.264/MPEG-4 AVC High Profile (HP), <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">MPEG-4</a> Advanced Simple Profile (ASP), <a href="/wiki/H.263" title="H.263">H.263</a> High Latency Profile (HLP), and <a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">H.262/MPEG-2</a> Main Profile (MP). The video encoding was done for entertainment applications and twelve different bitrates were made for the nine video test sequences with a HM-8.0 HEVC encoder being used. Of the nine video test sequences, five were at HD resolution, while four were at <a href="/wiki/Graphics_display_resolution#WVGA_(800x480)" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics display resolution">WVGA</a> (800×480) resolution. The bit rate reductions for HEVC were determined based on PSNR with HEVC having a bit rate reduction of 35.4% compared with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC HP, 63.7% compared with MPEG-4 ASP, 65.1% compared with H.263 HLP, and 70.8% compared with H.262/MPEG-2 MP.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhm2012-121">[121]</a> HEVC MP has also been compared with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC HP for subjective video quality. The video encoding was done for entertainment applications and four different bitrates were made for nine video test sequences with a HM-5.0 HEVC encoder being used. The subjective assessment was done at an earlier date than the PSNR comparison and so it used an earlier version of the HEVC encoder that had slightly lower performance. The bit rate reductions were determined based on subjective assessment using <a href="/wiki/Mean_opinion_score" title="Mean opinion score">mean opinion score</a> values. The overall subjective bitrate reduction for HEVC MP compared with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC HP was 49.3%.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhm2012-121">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_de_Lausanne" title="École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne">École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne</a> (EPFL) did a study to evaluate the subjective video quality of HEVC at resolutions higher than HDTV. The study was done with three videos with resolutions of 3840×1744 at 24 fps, 3840×2048 at 30 fps, and 3840×2160 at 30 fps. The five second video sequences showed people on a street, traffic, and a scene from the <a href="/wiki/Open-source_film" title="Open-source film">open source</a> computer animated movie <a href="/wiki/Sintel" title="Sintel">Sintel</a>. The video sequences were encoded at five different bitrates using the HM-6.1.1 HEVC encoder and the JM-18.3 H.264/MPEG-4 AVC encoder. The subjective bit rate reductions were determined based on subjective assessment using mean opinion score values. The study compared HEVC MP with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC HP and showed that, for HEVC MP, the average bitrate reduction based on PSNR was 44.4%, while the average bitrate reduction based on subjective video quality was 66.5%.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanhart2012-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlides2012-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-SubjectiveQualityEvaluationHEVCwebsite-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-CnetHEVCVideoCompression4K-125">[125]</a> In a HEVC performance comparison released in April 2013, the HEVC MP and Main 10 Profile (M10P) were compared with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC HP and High 10 Profile (H10P) using 3840×2160 video sequences. The video sequences were encoded using the HM-10.0 HEVC encoder and the JM-18.4 H.264/MPEG-4 AVC encoder. The average bit rate reduction based on PSNR was 45% for <a href="/wiki/Inter_frame" title="Inter frame">inter frame</a> video. In a video encoder comparison released in December 2013, the HM-10.0 HEVC encoder was compared with the <a href="/wiki/X264" title="X264">x264</a> encoder (version r2334) and the <a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a> encoder (version v1.2.0-3088-ga81bd12). The comparison used the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bj%C3%B8ntegaard-Delta_bit-rate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bjøntegaard-Delta bit-rate (page does not exist)">Bjøntegaard-Delta bit-rate</a> (BD-BR) measurement method, in which negative values tell how much lower the bit rate is reduced, and positive values tell how much the bit rate is increased for the same PSNR. In the comparison, the HM-10.0 HEVC encoder had the highest coding efficiency and, on average, to get the same objective quality, the x264 encoder needed to increase the bit rate by 66.4%, while the VP9 encoder needed to increase the bit rate by 79.4%.<a href="#cite_note-HEVC-VP9-x264Comparison2013-126">[126]</a> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>Subjective video performance comparison<a href="#cite_note-HEVCMay2014Q1011-127">[127]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Video coding standard </th> <th colspan="5">Average bit rate reduction compared with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC HP </th></tr> <tr> <th>480p </th> <th>720p </th> <th>1080p </th> <th>2160p </th></tr> <tr> <th>HEVC </th> <td>52% </td> <td>56% </td> <td>62% </td> <td>64% </td></tr></tbody></table> In a subjective video performance comparison released in May 2014, the JCT-VC compared the HEVC Main profile to the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC High profile. The comparison used mean opinion score values and was conducted by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_Scotland" title="University of the West of Scotland">University of the West of Scotland</a>. The video sequences were encoded using the HM-12.1 HEVC encoder and the JM-18.5 H.264/MPEG-4 AVC encoder. The comparison used a range of resolutions and the average bit rate reduction for HEVC was 59%. The average bit rate reduction for HEVC was 52% for 480p, 56% for 720p, 62% for 1080p, and 64% for 4K UHD.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCMay2014Q1011-127">[127]</a> In a subjective video codec comparison released in August 2014 by the EPFL, the HM-15.0 HEVC encoder was compared with the VP9 1.2.0–5183 encoder and the JM-18.8 H.264/MPEG-4 AVC encoder. Four 4K resolutions sequences were encoded at five different bit rates with the encoders set to use an intra period of one second. In the comparison, the HM-15.0 HEVC encoder had the highest coding efficiency and, on average, for the same subjective quality the bit rate could be reduced by 49.4% compared with the VP9 1.2.0–5183 encoder, and it could be reduced by 52.6% compared with the JM-18.8 H.264/MPEG-4 AVC encoder.<a href="#cite_note-EPFLComparisonHEVCandVP9website-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-EPFLComparisonHEVCandVP9PDF-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-EPFLComparisonHEVCandVP9slides-130">[130]</a> In August, 2016, <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> published the results of a large-scale study comparing the leading open-source HEVC encoder, <a href="/wiki/X265" title="X265">x265</a>, with the leading open-source AVC encoder, <a href="/wiki/X264" title="X264">x264</a> and the reference <a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a> encoder, libvpx.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Using their advanced Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion (VMAF) video quality measurement tool, Netflix found that x265 delivered identical quality at bit rates ranging from 35.4% to 53.3% lower than x264, and from 17.8% to 21.8% lower than VP9.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Features">edit</a>]</div> HEVC was designed to substantially improve coding efficiency compared with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC HP, i.e. to reduce <a href="/wiki/Bitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitrate">bitrate</a> requirements by half with comparable <a href="/wiki/Image_quality" title="Image quality">image quality</a>, at the expense of increased computational complexity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> HEVC was designed with the goal of allowing video content to have a data compression ratio of up to 1000:1.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCApril2013M1000-133">[133]</a> Depending on the application requirements, HEVC encoders can trade off computational complexity, compression rate, robustness to errors, and encoding delay time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> Two of the key features where HEVC was improved compared with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC was support for higher resolution video and improved parallel processing methods.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> HEVC is targeted at next-generation HDTV displays and content capture systems which feature <a href="/wiki/Progressive_scan" title="Progressive scan">progressive scanned</a> <a href="/wiki/Frame_rate" title="Frame rate">frame rates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Display_resolution" title="Display resolution">display resolutions</a> from <a href="/wiki/QVGA" class="mw-redirect" title="QVGA">QVGA</a> (320×240) to <a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">4320p</a> (7680×4320), as well as improved picture quality in terms of <a href="/wiki/Noise_(electronics)" title="Noise (electronics)">noise level</a>, <a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color spaces</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_range" title="Dynamic range">dynamic range</a>.<a href="#cite_note-epvcreqs-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_coding_layer">Video coding layer</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Video coding layer">edit</a>]</div> The HEVC video coding layer uses the same "hybrid" approach used in all modern video standards, starting from <a href="/wiki/H.261" title="H.261">H.261</a>, in that it uses inter-/intra-picture prediction and 2D transform coding.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> A HEVC encoder first proceeds by splitting a picture into block shaped regions for the first picture, or the first picture of a random access point, which uses intra-picture prediction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> Intra-picture prediction is when the prediction of the blocks in the picture is based only on the information in that picture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> For all other pictures, inter-picture prediction is used, in which prediction information is used from other pictures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> After the prediction methods are finished and the picture goes through the loop filters, the final picture representation is stored in the decoded picture buffer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> Pictures stored in the decoded picture buffer can be used for the prediction of other pictures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> HEVC was designed with the idea that <a href="/wiki/Progressive_scan" title="Progressive scan">progressive scan</a> video would be used and no coding tools were added specifically for <a href="/wiki/Interlaced_video" title="Interlaced video">interlaced video</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> Interlace specific coding tools, such as MBAFF and PAFF, are not supported in HEVC.<a href="#cite_note-AtemeOverviewHEVCNovember2012-137">[137]</a> HEVC instead sends <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> that tells how the interlaced video was sent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> Interlaced video may be sent either by coding each frame as a separate picture or by coding each field as a separate picture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> For interlaced video HEVC can change between frame coding and field coding using Sequence Adaptive Frame Field (SAFF), which allows the coding mode to be changed for each video sequence.<a href="#cite_note-AtemeHEVCIntroductionSeptember2013-138">[138]</a> This allows interlaced video to be sent with HEVC without needing special interlaced decoding processes to be added to HEVC decoders.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Color_spaces">Color spaces</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Color spaces">edit</a>]</div> The HEVC standard supports <a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color spaces</a> such as generic film (colour filters using <a href="/wiki/Illuminant_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Illuminant C">Illuminant C</a>), <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rec._601" title="Rec. 601">Rec. 601</a> (SMPTE 170M), <a href="/wiki/Rec._709" title="Rec. 709">Rec. 709</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Rec. 2020</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rec._2100" title="Rec. 2100">Rec. 2100</a>, SMPTE 240M, <a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a>, <a href="/wiki/SYCC" class="mw-redirect" title="SYCC">sYCC</a>, <a href="/wiki/XvYCC" title="XvYCC">xvYCC</a>, <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">XYZ</a>, and externally specified color spaces such as <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Vision" title="Dolby Vision">Dolby Vision</a> or HDR Vivid.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a> HEVC supports color encoding representations such as <a href="/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a>, <a href="/wiki/YCbCr" title="YCbCr">YCbCr</a> and <a href="/wiki/ICtCp" title="ICtCp">ICtCp</a>, and <a href="/wiki/YCoCg" title="YCoCg">YCoCg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coding_tools">Coding tools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Coding tools">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coding_tree_unit">Coding tree unit</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Coding tree unit">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coding_tree_unit" title="Coding tree unit">Coding tree unit</a></div> HEVC replaces 16×16 pixel <a href="/wiki/Macroblock" title="Macroblock">macroblocks</a>, which were used with previous standards, with coding tree units (CTUs) which can use larger block structures of up to 64×64 samples and can better sub-partition the picture into variable sized structures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPEGPressRelease-139">[139]</a> HEVC initially divides the picture into CTUs which can be 64×64, 32×32, or 16×16 with a larger pixel block size usually increasing the coding efficiency.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inverse_transforms">Inverse transforms</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Inverse transforms">edit</a>]</div> HEVC specifies four transform units (TUs) sizes of 4×4, 8×8, 16×16, and 32×32 to code the prediction residual.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> A CTB may be recursively partitioned into 4 or more TUs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> TUs use integer basis functions based on the <a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">discrete cosine transform</a> (DCT).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-apple-2">[2]</a> In addition, 4×4 luma transform blocks that belong to an intra coded region are transformed using an integer transform that is derived from <a href="/wiki/Discrete_sine_transform" title="Discrete sine transform">discrete sine transform</a> (DST).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> This provides a 1% bit rate reduction but was restricted to 4×4 luma transform blocks due to marginal benefits for the other transform cases.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> Chroma uses the same TU sizes as luma so there is no 2×2 transform for chroma.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parallel_processing_tools">Parallel processing tools</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Parallel processing tools">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Tiles allow for the picture to be divided into a grid of rectangular regions that can independently be decoded/encoded. The main purpose of tiles is to allow for parallel processing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> Tiles can be independently decoded and can even allow for random access to specific regions of a picture in a video stream.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a></li> <li>Wavefront parallel processing (WPP) is when a slice is divided into rows of CTUs in which the first row is decoded normally but each additional row requires that decisions be made in the previous row.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> WPP has the entropy encoder use information from the preceding row of CTUs and allows for a method of parallel processing that may allow for better compression than tiles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a></li> <li>Tiles and WPP are allowed, but are optional.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a> If tiles are present, they must be at least 64 pixels high and 256 pixels wide with a level specific limit on the number of tiles allowed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></li> <li>Slices can, for the most part, be decoded independently from each other with the main purpose of tiles being the re-synchronization in case of data loss in the video stream.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> Slices can be defined as self-contained in that prediction is not made across slice boundaries.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> When in-loop filtering is done on a picture though, information across slice boundaries may be required.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> Slices are CTUs decoded in the order of the raster scan, and different coding types can be used for slices such as I types, P types, or B types.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a></li> <li>Dependent slices can allow for data related to tiles or WPP to be accessed more quickly by the system than if the entire slice had to be decoded.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> The main purpose of dependent slices is to allow for low-delay video encoding due to its lower latency.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_coding_tools">Other coding tools</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Other coding tools">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Entropy_coding">Entropy coding</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Entropy coding">edit</a>]</div> HEVC uses a <a href="/wiki/Context-adaptive_binary_arithmetic_coding" title="Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding">context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding</a> (CABAC) algorithm that is fundamentally similar to CABAC in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> CABAC is the only entropy encoder method that is allowed in HEVC while there are two entropy encoder methods allowed by H.264/MPEG-4 AVC.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> CABAC and the entropy coding of transform coefficients in HEVC were designed for a higher throughput than H.264/MPEG-4 AVC,<a href="#cite_note-HEVCCABACIEEE2013-140">[140]</a> while maintaining higher compression efficiency for larger transform block sizes relative to simple extensions.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> For instance, the number of context coded bins have been reduced by 8× and the CABAC bypass-mode has been improved in terms of its design to increase throughput.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCCABACIEEE2013-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Another improvement with HEVC is that the dependencies between the coded data has been changed to further increase throughput.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCCABACIEEE2013-140">[140]</a> Context modeling in HEVC has also been improved so that CABAC can better select a context that increases efficiency when compared with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Intra_prediction">Intra prediction</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Intra prediction">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HEVC_angular_intra_prediction_modes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/HEVC_angular_intra_prediction_modes.png/240px-HEVC_angular_intra_prediction_modes.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/HEVC_angular_intra_prediction_modes.png/360px-HEVC_angular_intra_prediction_modes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/HEVC_angular_intra_prediction_modes.png/480px-HEVC_angular_intra_prediction_modes.png 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>HEVC has 33 intra prediction modes</figcaption></figure> HEVC specifies 33 directional modes for intra prediction compared with the 8 directional modes for intra prediction specified by H.264/MPEG-4 AVC.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> HEVC also specifies DC intra prediction and planar prediction modes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> The DC intra prediction mode generates a mean value by averaging reference samples and can be used for flat surfaces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> The planar prediction mode in HEVC supports all block sizes defined in HEVC while the planar prediction mode in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is limited to a block size of 16×16 pixels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> The intra prediction modes use data from neighboring prediction blocks that have been previously decoded from within the same picture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Motion_compensation">Motion compensation</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Motion compensation">edit</a>]</div> For the interpolation of fractional luma sample positions HEVC uses separable application of one-dimensional half-sample interpolation with an 8-tap filter or quarter-sample interpolation with a 7-tap filter while, in comparison, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC uses a two-stage process that first derives values at half-sample positions using separable one-dimensional 6-tap interpolation followed by integer rounding and then applies <a href="/wiki/Linear_interpolation" title="Linear interpolation">linear interpolation</a> between values at nearby half-sample positions to generate values at quarter-sample positions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> HEVC has improved precision due to the longer interpolation filter and the elimination of the intermediate rounding error.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> For 4:2:0 video, the chroma samples are interpolated with separable one-dimensional 4-tap filtering to generate eighth-sample precision, while in comparison H.264/MPEG-4 AVC uses only a 2-tap <a href="/wiki/Bilinear_interpolation" title="Bilinear interpolation">bilinear filter</a> (also with eighth-sample precision).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> As in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, weighted prediction in HEVC can be used either with uni-prediction (in which a single prediction value is used) or bi-prediction (in which the prediction values from two prediction blocks are combined).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Motion_vector_prediction">Motion vector prediction</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Motion vector prediction">edit</a>]</div> HEVC defines a <a href="/wiki/Sign_(mathematics)" title="Sign (mathematics)">signed</a> 16-bit range for both horizontal and vertical motion vectors (MVs).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCJuly2012MeetingNotes-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCJuly2012J0225-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCJuly2012J0579-145">[145]</a> This was added to HEVC at the July 2012 HEVC meeting with the mvLX variables.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCJuly2012MeetingNotes-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCJuly2012J0225-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCJuly2012J0579-145">[145]</a> HEVC horizontal/vertical MVs have a range of −32768 to 32767 which given the <a href="/wiki/Qpel" class="mw-redirect" title="Qpel">quarter pixel</a> precision used by HEVC allows for a MV range of −8192 to 8191.75 luma samples.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCJuly2012MeetingNotes-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCJuly2012J0225-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCJuly2012J0579-145">[145]</a> This compares to H.264/MPEG-4 AVC which allows for a horizontal MV range of −2048 to 2047.75 luma samples and a vertical MV range of −512 to 511.75 luma samples.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCJuly2012J0225-144">[144]</a> HEVC allows for two MV modes which are Advanced Motion Vector Prediction (AMVP) and merge mode.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> AMVP uses data from the reference picture and can also use data from adjacent prediction blocks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> The merge mode allows for the MVs to be inherited from neighboring prediction blocks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> Merge mode in HEVC is similar to "skipped" and "direct" motion inference modes in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC but with two improvements.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> The first improvement is that HEVC uses index information to select one of several available candidates.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> The second improvement is that HEVC uses information from the reference picture list and reference picture index.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Loop_filters">Loop filters</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Loop filters">edit</a>]</div> HEVC specifies two loop filters that are applied sequentially, with the <a href="/wiki/Deblocking_filter" title="Deblocking filter">deblocking filter</a> (DBF) applied first and the sample adaptive offset (SAO) filter applied afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> Both loop filters are applied in the inter-picture prediction loop, i.e. the filtered image is stored in the decoded picture buffer (DPB) as a reference for inter-picture prediction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Deblocking_filter">Deblocking filter</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Deblocking filter">edit</a>]</div> The DBF is similar to the one used by H.264/MPEG-4 AVC but with a simpler design and better support for parallel processing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> In HEVC the DBF only applies to a 8×8 sample grid while with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC the DBF applies to a 4×4 sample grid.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> DBF uses a 8×8 sample grid since it causes no noticeable degradation and significantly improves parallel processing because the DBF no longer causes cascading interactions with other operations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> Another change is that HEVC only allows for three DBF strengths of 0 to 2.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> HEVC also requires that the DBF first apply horizontal filtering for vertical edges to the picture and only after that does it apply vertical filtering for horizontal edges to the picture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> This allows for multiple parallel threads to be used for the DBF.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Sample_adaptive_offset">Sample adaptive offset</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sample adaptive offset">edit</a>]</div> The SAO filter is applied after the DBF and is designed to allow for better reconstruction of the original signal amplitudes by applying offsets stored in a <a href="/wiki/Lookup_table" title="Lookup table">lookup table</a> in the bitstream.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-SAOIEEE2012-146">[146]</a> Per CTB the SAO filter can be disabled or applied in one of two modes: edge offset mode or band offset mode.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-SAOIEEE2012-146">[146]</a> The edge offset mode operates by comparing the value of a sample to two of its eight neighbors using one of four directional gradient patterns.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-SAOIEEE2012-146">[146]</a> Based on a comparison with these two neighbors, the sample is classified into one of five categories: minimum, maximum, an edge with the sample having the lower value, an edge with the sample having the higher value, or monotonic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-SAOIEEE2012-146">[146]</a> For each of the first four categories an offset is applied.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-SAOIEEE2012-146">[146]</a> The band offset mode applies an offset based on the amplitude of a single sample.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-SAOIEEE2012-146">[146]</a> A sample is categorized by its amplitude into one of 32 bands (<a href="/wiki/Histogram" title="Histogram">histogram</a> bins).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-SAOIEEE2012-146">[146]</a> Offsets are specified for four consecutive of the 32 bands, because in flat areas which are prone to banding artifacts, sample amplitudes tend to be clustered in a small range.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-SAOIEEE2012-146">[146]</a> The SAO filter was designed to increase picture quality, reduce banding artifacts, and reduce <a href="/wiki/Ringing_artifacts" title="Ringing artifacts">ringing artifacts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-SAOIEEE2012-146">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Range_extensions">Range extensions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Range extensions">edit</a>]</div> Range extensions in MPEG are additional profiles, levels, and techniques that support needs beyond consumer video playback:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a> <ul><li>Profiles supporting bit depths beyond 10, and differing <a href="/wiki/Luma_(video)" title="Luma (video)">luma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chrominance" title="Chrominance">chroma</a> bit depths.</li> <li>Intra profiles for when file size is much less important than random-access decoding speed.</li> <li>Still Picture profiles, forming the basis of <a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">High Efficiency Image File Format</a>, without any limit on the picture size or complexity (level 8.5). Unlike all other levels, no minimum decoder capacity is required, only a best-effort with reasonable fallback.</li></ul> Within these new profiles came enhanced coding features, many of which support efficient screen encoding or high-speed processing: <ul><li>Persistent Rice adaptation, a general optimization of entropy coding.</li> <li>Higher precision <a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC#Features" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">weighted prediction</a> at high bit depths.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCMeetingReport15-147">[147]</a></li> <li>Cross-component prediction, allowing the imperfect <a href="/wiki/YCbCr" title="YCbCr">YCbCr</a> color decorrelation to let the luma (or G) match set the predicted chroma (or R/B) matches, which results in up to 7% gain for YCbCr 4:4:4 and up to 26% for RGB video. Particularly useful for screen coding.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCMeetingReport15-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></li> <li>Intra smoothing control, allowing the encoder to turn smoothing on or off per-block, instead of per-frame.</li> <li>Modifications of transform skip: <ul><li>Residual <a href="/wiki/DPCM" class="mw-redirect" title="DPCM">DPCM</a> (RDPCM), allowing more-optimal coding of residual data if possible, vs the typical zig-zag.</li> <li>Block size flexibility, supporting block sizes up to 32×32 (versus only 4×4 transform skip support in version 1).</li> <li>4×4 rotation, for potential efficiency.</li> <li>Transform skip context, enabling <a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a> and RDPCM blocks to carry a separate context.</li></ul></li> <li>Extended precision processing, giving low bit-depth video slightly more accurate decoding.</li> <li>CABAC bypass alignment, a decoding optimization specific to High Throughput 4:4:4 16 Intra profile.</li></ul> HEVC version 2 adds several supplemental enhancement information (SEI) messages: <ul><li>Color remapping: mapping one color space to another.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCApril2014Q0074-149">[149]</a></li> <li>Knee function: hints for converting between dynamic ranges, particularly from HDR to SDR.</li> <li>Mastering display color volume</li> <li>Time code, for archival purposes</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Screen_content_coding_extensions">Screen content coding extensions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Screen content coding extensions">edit</a>]</div> Additional coding tool options have been added in the March 2016 draft of the screen content coding (SCC) extensions:<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a> <ul><li>Adaptive color transform.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></li> <li>Adaptive motion vector resolution.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></li> <li>Intra block copying.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></li> <li>Palette mode.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></li></ul> The ITU-T version of the standard that added the SCC extensions (approved in December 2016 and published in March 2017) added support for the <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_log%E2%80%93gamma" title="Hybrid log–gamma">hybrid log–gamma</a> (HLG) transfer function and the <a href="/wiki/ICtCp" title="ICtCp">ICtCp</a> color matrix.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCDec2016ITURec-65">[65]</a> This allows the fourth version of HEVC to support both of the HDR transfer functions defined in <a href="/wiki/Rec._2100" title="Rec. 2100">Rec. 2100</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCDec2016ITURec-65">[65]</a> The fourth version of HEVC adds several supplemental enhancement information (SEI) messages which include: <ul><li>Alternative transfer characteristics information SEI message, provides information on the preferred <a href="/wiki/Transfer_function" title="Transfer function">transfer function</a> to use.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a> The primary use case for this would be to deliver HLG video in a way that would be <a href="/wiki/Backward_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="Backward compatible">backward compatible</a> with legacy devices.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCJune2015U0033-151">[151]</a></li> <li>Ambient viewing environment SEI message, provides information on the ambient light of the viewing environment that was used to author the video.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCJune2015U0112-152">[152]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Profiles">Profiles</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Profiles">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Feature support in some of the video profiles<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Feature </th> <th colspan="2">Version 1 </th> <th colspan="8">Version 2 </th></tr> <tr> <th> Main  </th> <th>Main 10 </th> <th>Main 12 </th> <th>Main 4:2:2 10 </th> <th>Main 4:2:2 12 </th> <th>Main 4:4:4 </th> <th>Main 4:4:4 10 </th> <th>Main 4:4:4 12 </th> <th>Main 4:4:4 16 Intra </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Color_depth" title="Color depth">Bit depth</a> </th> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">8</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">8 to 10</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">8 to 12</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">8 to 10</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">8 to 12</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">8</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">8 to 10</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">8 to 12</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">8 to 16 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Chroma_subsampling" title="Chroma subsampling">Chroma sampling</a> formats </th> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">4:2:0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">4:2:0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">4:2:0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">4:2:0/ 4:2:2</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">4:2:0/ 4:2:2</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">4:2:0/ 4:2:2/ 4:4:4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">4:2:0/ 4:2:2/ 4:4:4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">4:2:0/ 4:2:2/ 4:4:4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">4:2:0/ 4:2:2/ 4:4:4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>4:0:0 (<a href="/wiki/Monochrome" title="Monochrome">Monochrome</a>) </th> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th>High precision weighted prediction </th> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chroma QP offset list </th> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th>Cross-component prediction </th> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th>Intra smoothing disabling </th> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th>Persistent Rice adaptation </th> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th>RDPCM implicit/explicit </th> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th>Transform skip block sizes larger than 4×4 </th> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th>Transform skip context/rotation </th> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th>Extended precision processing </th> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr></tbody></table> Version 1 of the HEVC standard defines three profiles: Main, Main 10, and Main Still Picture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a> Version 2 of HEVC adds 21 range extensions profiles, two scalable extensions profiles, and one multi-view profile.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a> HEVC also contains provisions for additional profiles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a> Extensions that were added to HEVC include increased <a href="/wiki/Color_depth" title="Color depth">bit depth</a>, 4:2:2/4:4:4 <a href="/wiki/Chroma_subsampling" title="Chroma subsampling">chroma sampling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multiview_Video_Coding" title="Multiview Video Coding">Multiview Video Coding</a> (MVC), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scalable_Video_Coding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scalable Video Coding (page does not exist)">Scalable Video Coding</a> (SVC).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCTVBEuropeAugust2012-153">[153]</a> The HEVC range extensions, HEVC scalable extensions, and HEVC multi-view extensions were completed in July 2014.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCJuly2014R1013-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCApril2013EricssonPDF-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCJanuary2014MeetingReport-156">[156]</a> In July 2014 a draft of the second version of HEVC was released.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCJuly2014R1013-154">[154]</a> Screen content coding (SCC) extensions were under development for screen content video, which contains text and graphics, with an expected final draft release date of 2015.<a href="#cite_note-ScreenContentHEVCJanuary2014-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCMeetingReport18-158">[158]</a> A profile is a defined set of coding tools that can be used to create a bitstream that conforms to that profile.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> An encoder for a profile may choose which coding tools to use as long as it generates a conforming bitstream while a decoder for a profile must support all coding tools that can be used in that profile.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Version_1_profiles">Version 1 profiles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Version 1 profiles">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Main">Main</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Main">edit</a>]</div> The Main profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits per sample with 4:2:0 chroma sampling, which is the most common type of video used with consumer devices.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCApril2013EricssonPDF-155">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Main_10">Main 10</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Main 10">edit</a>]</div> The Main 10 (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Main10</code>) profile was added at the October 2012 HEVC meeting based on proposal JCTVC-K0109 which proposed that a 10-bit profile be added to HEVC for consumer applications. The proposal said this was to allow for improved video quality and to support the <a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Rec. 2020</a> color space that has become widely used in UHDTV systems and to be able to deliver higher dynamic range and color fidelity avoiding the banding artifacts. A variety of companies supported the proposal which included <a href="/wiki/Ateme" title="Ateme">Ateme</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSkyB" class="mw-redirect" title="BSkyB">BSkyB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motorola_Mobility" title="Motorola Mobility">Motorola Mobility</a>, NGCodec, <a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a>, <a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a>, ST, <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Television" title="Sveriges Television">SVT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Video_Networks" title="Thomson Video Networks">Thomson Video Networks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Technicolor_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="Technicolor SA">Technicolor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ViXS_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="ViXS Systems">ViXS Systems</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCOctober2012K0109-159">[159]</a> The Main 10 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 to 10 bits per sample with 4:2:0 chroma sampling. HEVC decoders that conform to the Main 10 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Main and Main 10.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a> A higher bit depth allows for a greater number of colors. 8 bits per sample allows for 256 <a href="/wiki/Tints_and_shades" class="mw-redirect" title="Tints and shades">shades</a> per <a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primary color</a> (a total of 16.78 million colors) while 10 bits per sample allows for 1024 shades per primary color (a total of 1.07 billion colors). A higher bit depth allows for a smoother transition of color which resolves the problem known as <a href="/wiki/Color_banding" class="mw-redirect" title="Color banding">color banding</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EricssonHEVCBackgroundJune2013-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-ImaginationEmergenceHEVC10bitJune2013-161">[161]</a> The Main 10 profile allows for improved video quality since it can support video with a higher bit depth than what is supported by the Main profile.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCOctober2012K0109-159">[159]</a> Additionally, in the Main 10 profile 8-bit video can be coded with a higher bit depth of 10 bits, which allows improved coding efficiency compared to the Main profile.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCTechnicolorJuly2012Overview-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCTechnicolorJuly2012OverviewPublication-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-MotionImprovementsHEVCIEEE2012-164">[164]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a> said the Main 10 profile would bring the benefits of 10 bits per sample video to consumer TV. They also said that for higher resolutions there is no bit rate penalty for encoding video at 10 bits per sample.<a href="#cite_note-EricssonHEVCBackgroundJune2013-160">[160]</a> <a href="/wiki/Imagination_Technologies" title="Imagination Technologies">Imagination Technologies</a> said that 10-bit per sample video would allow for larger color spaces and is required for the <a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Rec. 2020</a> color space that will be used by UHDTV. They also said the Rec. 2020 color space would drive the widespread adoption of 10-bit-per-sample video.<a href="#cite_note-ImaginationEmergenceHEVC10bitJune2013-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-ImaginationDecodingHEVC10bitJune2013-165">[165]</a> In a PSNR based performance comparison released in April 2013 the Main 10 profile was compared to the Main profile using a set of 3840×2160 10-bit video sequences. The 10-bit video sequences were converted to 8 bits for the Main profile and remained at 10 bits for the Main 10 profile. The reference PSNR was based on the original 10-bit video sequences. In the performance comparison the Main 10 profile provided a 5% bit rate reduction for <a href="/wiki/Inter_frame" title="Inter frame">inter frame</a> video coding compared to the Main profile. The performance comparison states that for the tested video sequences the Main 10 profile outperformed the Main profile.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCApril2013M0166-166">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Main_Still_Picture">Main Still Picture</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Main Still Picture">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatright" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>Comparison of standards for still image compression based on equal PSNR and MOS<a href="#cite_note-HEVCJanuary2013L0380-167">[167]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Still image coding standard (test method) </th> <th colspan="2">Average bit rate reduction compared to </th></tr> <tr> <th>JPEG 2000 </th> <th>   JPEG    </th></tr> <tr> <th>HEVC (PSNR) </th> <td>20% </td> <td>62% </td></tr> <tr> <th>HEVC (MOS) </th> <td>31% </td> <td>43% </td></tr></tbody></table> The Main Still Picture (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">MainStillPicture</code>) profile allows for a single still picture to be encoded with the same constraints as the Main profile. As a subset of the Main profile the Main Still Picture profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits per sample with 4:2:0 chroma sampling.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCApril2013EricssonPDF-155">[155]</a> An objective performance comparison was done in April 2012 in which HEVC reduced the average bit rate for images by 56% compared to <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCApril2012I0461-168">[168]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Peak_signal-to-noise_ratio" title="Peak signal-to-noise ratio">PSNR</a> based performance comparison for still image compression was done in May 2012 using the HEVC HM 6.0 encoder and the reference software encoders for the other standards. For still images HEVC reduced the average bit rate by 15.8% compared to H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, 22.6% compared to <a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a>, 30.0% compared to <a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a>, 31.0% compared to <a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a>, and 43.0% compared to JPEG.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCMay2012I0595-169">[169]</a> A performance comparison for still image compression was done in January 2013 using the HEVC HM 8.0rc2 encoder, Kakadu version 6.0 for JPEG 2000, and IJG version 6b for JPEG. The performance comparison used PSNR for the objective assessment and <a href="/wiki/Mean_opinion_score" title="Mean opinion score">mean opinion score</a> (MOS) values for the subjective assessment. The subjective assessment used the same test methodology and images as those used by the JPEG committee when it evaluated JPEG XR. For 4:2:0 chroma sampled images the average bit rate reduction for HEVC compared to JPEG 2000 was 20.26% for PSNR and 30.96% for MOS while compared to JPEG it was 61.63% for PSNR and 43.10% for MOS.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCJanuary2013L0380-167">[167]</a> A PSNR based HEVC performance comparison for still image compression was done in April 2013 by <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>. HEVC has a larger performance improvement for higher resolution images than lower resolution images and a larger performance improvement for lower bit rates than higher bit rates. For <a href="/wiki/Lossy_compression" title="Lossy compression">lossy compression</a> to get the same PSNR as HEVC took on average 1.4× more bits with JPEG 2000, 1.6× more bits with JPEG-XR, and 2.3× more bits with JPEG.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCApril2013M0041-170">[170]</a> A compression efficiency study of HEVC, JPEG, JPEG XR, and WebP was done in October 2013 by <a href="/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a>. The study showed that HEVC was significantly better at compression than the other image formats that were tested. Four different methods for comparing image quality were used in the study which were Y-SSIM, RGB-SSIM, IW-SSIM, and PSNR-HVS-M.<a href="#cite_note-ArticleHEVCOctober2013Mozilla-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-ImageStudyHEVCOctober2013Mozilla-172">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Version_2_profiles">Version 2 profiles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Version 2 profiles">edit</a>]</div> Version 2 of HEVC adds 21 range extensions profiles, two scalable extensions profiles, and one multi-view profile: Monochrome, Monochrome 12, Monochrome 16, Main 12, Main 4:2:2 10, Main 4:2:2 12, Main 4:4:4, Main 4:4:4 10, Main 4:4:4 12, Monochrome 12 Intra, Monochrome 16 Intra, Main 12 Intra, Main 4:2:2 10 Intra, Main 4:2:2 12 Intra, Main 4:4:4 Intra, Main 4:4:4 10 Intra, Main 4:4:4 12 Intra, Main 4:4:4 16 Intra, Main 4:4:4 Still Picture, Main 4:4:4 16 Still Picture, High Throughput 4:4:4 16 Intra, Scalable Main, Scalable Main 10, and Multiview Main.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCJuly2014R1008-173">[173]</a> All of the <a href="/wiki/Inter_frame" title="Inter frame">inter frame</a> range extensions profiles have an Intra profile.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a> <dl><dt>Monochrome</dt> <dd>The Monochrome profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0 chroma sampling.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dt>Monochrome 12</dt> <dd>The Monochrome 12 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits to 12 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0 chroma sampling.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dt>Monochrome 16</dt> <dd>The Monochrome 16 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits to 16 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0 chroma sampling. HEVC decoders that conform to the Monochrome 16 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Monochrome, Monochrome 12, and Monochrome 16.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dt>Main 12</dt> <dd>The Main 12 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits to 12 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0 and 4:2:0 chroma sampling. HEVC decoders that conform to the Main 12 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Monochrome, Monochrome 12, Main, Main 10, and Main 12.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dt>Main 4:2:2 10</dt> <dd>The Main 4:2:2 10 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits to 10 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, and 4:2:2 chroma sampling. HEVC decoders that conform to the Main 4:2:2 10 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Monochrome, Main, Main 10, and Main 4:2:2 10.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dt>Main 4:2:2 12</dt> <dd>The Main 4:2:2 12 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits to 12 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, and 4:2:2 chroma sampling. HEVC decoders that conform to the Main 4:2:2 12 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Monochrome, Monochrome 12, Main, Main 10, Main 12, Main 4:2:2 10, and Main 4:2:2 12.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dt>Main 4:4:4</dt> <dd>The Main 4:4:4 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma sampling. HEVC decoders that conform to the Main 4:4:4 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Monochrome, Main, and Main 4:4:4.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dt>Main 4:4:4 10</dt> <dd>The Main 4:4:4 10 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits to 10 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma sampling. HEVC decoders that conform to the Main 4:4:4 10 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Monochrome, Main, Main 10, Main 4:2:2 10, Main 4:4:4, and Main 4:4:4 10.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dt>Main 4:4:4 12</dt> <dd>The Main 4:4:4 12 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits to 12 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma sampling. HEVC decoders that conform to the Main 4:4:4 12 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Monochrome, Main, Main 10, Main 12, Main 4:2:2 10, Main 4:2:2 12, Main 4:4:4, Main 4:4:4 10, Main 4:4:4 12, and Monochrome 12.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dt>Main 4:4:4 16 Intra</dt> <dd>The Main 4:4:4 16 Intra profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits to 16 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma sampling. HEVC decoders that conform to the Main 4:4:4 16 Intra profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Monochrome Intra, Monochrome 12 Intra, Monochrome 16 Intra, Main Intra, Main 10 Intra, Main 12 Intra, Main 4:2:2 10 Intra, Main 4:2:2 12 Intra, Main 4:4:4 Intra, Main 4:4:4 10 Intra, and Main 4:4:4 12 Intra.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dt>High Throughput 4:4:4 16 Intra</dt> <dd>The High Throughput 4:4:4 16 Intra profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits to 16 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma sampling. The High Throughput 4:4:4 16 Intra profile has an <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">HbrFactor</code> 12 times higher than other HEVC profiles, allowing it to have a maximum bit rate 12 times higher than the Main 4:4:4 16 Intra profile.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCJuly2014R0128-174">[174]</a> The High Throughput 4:4:4 16 Intra profile is designed for high end professional content creation and decoders for this profile are not required to support other profiles.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCJuly2014R0128-174">[174]</a></dd> <dt>Main 4:4:4 Still Picture</dt> <dd>The Main 4:4:4 Still Picture profile allows for a single still picture to be encoded with the same constraints as the Main 4:4:4 profile. As a <a href="/wiki/Subset" title="Subset">subset</a> of the Main 4:4:4 profile, the Main 4:4:4 Still Picture profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma sampling.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dt>Main 4:4:4 16 Still Picture</dt> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">Better Portable Graphics</a></div></dd> <dd>The Main 4:4:4 16 Still Picture profile allows for a single still picture to be encoded with the same constraints as the Main 4:4:4 16 Intra profile. As a <a href="/wiki/Subset" title="Subset">subset</a> of the Main 4:4:4 16 Intra profile, the Main 4:4:4 16 Still Picture profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits to 16 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma sampling.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dt>Scalable Main</dt> <dd>The Scalable Main profile allows for a base layer that conforms to the Main profile of HEVC.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dt>Scalable Main 10</dt> <dd>The Scalable Main 10 profile allows for a base layer that conforms to the Main 10 profile of HEVC.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dt>Multiview Main</dt> <dd>The Multiview Main profile allows for a base layer that conforms to the Main profile of HEVC.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Version_3_and_higher_profiles">Version 3 and higher profiles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Version 3 and higher profiles">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: Description length is getting a little out of hand. Try saying "this profile" and "following profiles, in addition to those mandatory for $PROFILE". Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:High_Efficiency_Video_Coding#Profile_mumble" title="Talk:High Efficiency Video Coding">talk page</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="Special:EditPage/High Efficiency Video Coding">improve this section</a> if you can. (November 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Version 3 of HEVC added one 3D profile: 3D Main. The February 2016 draft of the screen content coding extensions added seven screen content coding extensions profiles, three high throughput extensions profiles, and four scalable extensions profiles: Screen-Extended Main, Screen-Extended Main 10, Screen-Extended Main 4:4:4, Screen-Extended Main 4:4:4 10, Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4, Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4 10, Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4 14, High Throughput 4:4:4, High Throughput 4:4:4 10, High Throughput 4:4:4 14, Scalable Monochrome, Scalable Monochrome 12, Scalable Monochrome 16, and Scalable Main 4:4:4.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a> <dl><dt>3D Main</dt> <dd>The 3D Main profile allows for a base layer that conforms to the Main profile of HEVC.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dt>Screen-Extended Main</dt> <dd>The Screen-Extended Main profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0 and 4:2:0 chroma sampling. HEVC decoders that conform to the Screen-Extended Main profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Monochrome, Main, and Screen-Extended Main.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></dd> <dt>Screen-Extended Main 10</dt> <dd>The Screen-Extended Main 10 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits to 10 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0 and 4:2:0 chroma sampling. HEVC decoders that conform to the Screen-Extended Main 10 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Monochrome, Main, Main 10, Screen-Extended Main, and Screen-Extended Main 10.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></dd> <dt>Screen-Extended Main 4:4:4</dt> <dd>The Screen-Extended Main 4:4:4 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma sampling. HEVC decoders that conform to the Screen-Extended Main 4:4:4 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Monochrome, Main, Main 4:4:4, Screen-Extended Main, and Screen-Extended Main 4:4:4.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></dd> <dt>Screen-Extended Main 4:4:4 10</dt> <dd>The Screen-Extended Main 4:4:4 10 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits to 10 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma sampling. HEVC decoders that conform to the Screen-Extended Main 4:4:4 10 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Monochrome, Main, Main 10, Main 4:2:2 10, Main 4:4:4, Main 4:4:4 10, Screen-Extended Main, Screen-Extended Main 10, Screen-Extended Main 4:4:4, and Screen-Extended Main 4:4:4 10.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></dd> <dt>Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4</dt> <dd>The Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma sampling. The Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4 profile has an HbrFactor 6 times higher than most inter frame HEVC profiles allowing it to have a maximum bit rate 6 times higher than the Main 4:4:4 profile. HEVC decoders that conform to the Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Monochrome, Main, Main 4:4:4, Screen-Extended Main, Screen-Extended Main 4:4:4, Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4, and High Throughput 4:4:4.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></dd> <dt>Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4 10</dt> <dd>The Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4 10 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits to 10 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma sampling. The Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4 10 profile has an HbrFactor 6 times higher than most inter frame HEVC profiles allowing it to have a maximum bit rate 6 times higher than the Main 4:4:4 10 profile. HEVC decoders that conform to the Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4 10 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Monochrome, Main, Main 10, Main 4:2:2 10, Main 4:4:4, Main 4:4:4 10, Screen-Extended Main, Screen-Extended Main 10, Screen-Extended Main 4:4:4, Screen-Extended Main 4:4:4 10, Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4, Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4 10, High Throughput 4:4:4, and High Throughput 4:4:4.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></dd> <dt>Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4 14</dt> <dd>The Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4 14 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits to 14 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma sampling. The Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4 14 profile has an HbrFactor 6 times higher than most inter frame HEVC profiles. HEVC decoders that conform to the Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4 14 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: Monochrome, Main, Main 10, Main 4:2:2 10, Main 4:4:4, Main 4:4:4 10, Screen-Extended Main, Screen-Extended Main 10, Screen-Extended Main 4:4:4, Screen-Extended Main 4:4:4 10, Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4, Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4 10, Screen-Extended High Throughput 4:4:4 14, High Throughput 4:4:4, High Throughput 4:4:4 10, and High Throughput 4:4:4 14.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></dd> <dt>High Throughput 4:4:4</dt> <dd>The High Throughput 4:4:4 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma sampling. The High Throughput 4:4:4 profile has an HbrFactor 6 times higher than most inter frame HEVC profiles allowing it to have a maximum bit rate 6 times higher than the Main 4:4:4 profile. HEVC decoders that conform to the High Throughput 4:4:4 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: High Throughput 4:4:4.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></dd> <dt>High Throughput 4:4:4 10</dt> <dd>The High Throughput 4:4:4 10 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits to 10 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma sampling. The High Throughput 4:4:4 10 profile has an HbrFactor 6 times higher than most inter frame HEVC profiles allowing it to have a maximum bit rate 6 times higher than the Main 4:4:4 10 profile. HEVC decoders that conform to the High Throughput 4:4:4 10 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: High Throughput 4:4:4 and High Throughput 4:4:4 10.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></dd> <dt>High Throughput 4:4:4 14</dt> <dd>The High Throughput 4:4:4 14 profile allows for a bit depth of 8 bits to 14 bits per sample with support for 4:0:0, 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 chroma sampling. The High Throughput 4:4:4 14 profile has an HbrFactor 6 times higher than most inter frame HEVC profiles. HEVC decoders that conform to the High Throughput 4:4:4 14 profile must be capable of decoding bitstreams made with the following profiles: High Throughput 4:4:4, High Throughput 4:4:4 10, and High Throughput 4:4:4 14.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></dd> <dt>Scalable Monochrome</dt> <dd>The Scalable Monochrome profile allows for a base layer that conforms to the Monochrome profile of HEVC.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></dd> <dt>Scalable Monochrome 12</dt> <dd>The Scalable Monochrome 12 profile allows for a base layer that conforms to the Monochrome 12 profile of HEVC.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></dd> <dt>Scalable Monochrome 16</dt> <dd>The Scalable Monochrome 16 profile allows for a base layer that conforms to the Monochrome 16 profile of HEVC.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></dd> <dt>Scalable Main 4:4:4</dt> <dd>The Scalable Main 4:4:4 profile allows for a base layer that conforms to the Main 4:4:4 profile of HEVC.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCFebruary2016W1005-150">[150]</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tiers_and_levels">Tiers and levels</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Tiers and levels">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding_tiers_and_levels" title="High Efficiency Video Coding tiers and levels">High Efficiency Video Coding tiers and levels</a></div> The HEVC standard defines two tiers, Main and High, and thirteen levels. A level is a set of constraints for a bitstream. For levels below level 4 only the Main tier is allowed. The Main tier is a lower tier than the High tier. The tiers were made to deal with applications that differ in terms of their maximum bit rate. The Main tier was designed for most applications while the High tier was designed for very demanding applications. A decoder that conforms to a given tier/level is required to be capable of decoding all bitstreams that are encoded for that tier/level and for all lower tiers/levels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2012-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>Tiers and levels with maximum property values<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Level </th> <th rowspan="2">Max luma sample rate (samples/s) </th> <th rowspan="2">Max luma picture size (samples) </th> <th colspan="2">Max bit rate for Main and Main 10 profiles (kbit/s)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#endnote_MaxBitRateA">[A]</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">Example picture resolution @ highest frame rate<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#endnote_MaxFrameRateB">[B]</a> (MaxDpbSize<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#endnote_MaxDpbSizeC">[C]</a>) <div class="mw-customtoggle-HEVC" style="color: white; background-color: #347BFF; border: 1px solid #347BFF; border-radius: 2px; padding: 0.5em 1em;">More/Fewer examples</div> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Main tier </th> <th>High tier </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td>552,960 </td> <td>36,864 </td> <td>128 </td> <td>– </td> <td><div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVC"> 128×96@33.7 (6) </div> 176×144@15 (6) </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td>3,686,400 </td> <td>122,880 </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td>– </td> <td><div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVC"> 176×144@100 (16) </div> 352×288@30 (6) </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.1 </th> <td>7,372,800 </td> <td>245,760 </td> <td>3,000 </td> <td>– </td> <td><div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVC"> 352×288@60 (12) </div> 640×360@30 (6) </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td>16,588,800 </td> <td>552,960 </td> <td>6,000 </td> <td>– </td> <td><div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVC"> 640×360@67.5 (12) 720×576@37.5 (8) </div> 960×540@30 (6) </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.1 </th> <td>33,177,600 </td> <td>983,040 </td> <td>10,000 </td> <td>– </td> <td><div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVC"> 720×576@75 (12) 960×540@60 (8) </div> 1280×720@33.7 (6) </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td>66,846,720 </td> <td rowspan="2">2,228,224 </td> <td>12,000 </td> <td>30,000 </td> <td><div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVC"> 1,280×720@68 (12) 1,920×1,080@32 (6) </div> 2,048×1,080@30.0 (6) </td></tr> <tr> <th>4.1 </th> <td>133,693,440 </td> <td>20,000 </td> <td>50,000 </td> <td><div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVC"> 1,280×720@136 (12) 1,920×1,080@64 (6) </div> 2,048×1,080@60 (6) </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td>267,386,880 </td> <td rowspan="3">8,912,896 </td> <td>25,000 </td> <td>100,000 </td> <td><div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVC"> 1,920×1,080@128 (16) 3,840×2,160@32 (6) </div> 4,096×2,160@30 (6) </td></tr> <tr> <th>5.1 </th> <td>534,773,760 </td> <td>40,000 </td> <td>160,000 </td> <td><div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVC"> 1,920×1,080@256 (16) 3,840×2,160@64 (6) </div> 4,096×2,160@60 (6) </td></tr> <tr> <th>5.2 </th> <td>1,069,547,520 </td> <td>60,000 </td> <td>240,000 </td> <td><div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVC"> 1,920×1,080@300 (16) 3,840×2,160@128 (6) </div> 4,096×2,160@120 (6) </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td>1,069,547,520 </td> <td rowspan="3">35,651,584 </td> <td>60,000 </td> <td>240,000 </td> <td><div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVC"> 3,840×2,160@128 (16) 7,680×4,320@32 (6) </div> 8,192×4,320@30 (6) </td></tr> <tr> <th>6.1 </th> <td>2,139,095,040 </td> <td>120,000 </td> <td>480,000 </td> <td><div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVC"> 3,840×2,160@256 (16) 7,680×4,320@64 (6) </div>8,192×4,320@60 (6) </td></tr> <tr> <th>6.2 </th> <td>4,278,190,080 </td> <td>240,000 </td> <td>800,000 </td> <td><div class="mw-collapsible" id="mw-customcollapsible-HEVC"> 3,840×2,160@300 (16) 7,680×4,320@128 (6) </div> 8,192×4,320@120 (6) </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_MaxBitRateA">A</a> The maximum bit rate of the profile is based on the combination of bit depth, chroma sampling, and the type of profile. For bit depth the maximum bit rate increases by 1.5× for 12-bit profiles and 2× for 16-bit profiles. For chroma sampling the maximum bit rate increases by 1.5× for 4:2:2 profiles and 2× for 4:4:4 profiles. For the Intra profiles the maximum bit rate increases by 2×.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_MaxFrameRateB">B</a> The maximum frame rate supported by HEVC is 300 fps.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_MaxDpbSizeC">C</a> The MaxDpbSize is the maximum number of pictures in the decoded picture buffer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decoded_picture_buffer">Decoded picture buffer</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Decoded picture buffer">edit</a>]</div> Previously decoded pictures are stored in a decoded picture buffer (DPB), and are used by HEVC encoders to form predictions for subsequent pictures. The maximum number of pictures that can be stored in the DPB, called the DPB capacity, is 6 (including the current picture) for all HEVC levels when operating at the maximum picture size supported by the level. The DPB capacity (in units of pictures) increases from 6 to 8, 12, or 16 as the picture size decreases from the maximum picture size supported by the level. The encoder selects which specific pictures are retained in the DPB on a picture-by-picture basis, so the encoder has the flexibility to determine for itself the best way to use the DPB capacity when encoding the video content.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEITU2015-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Containers">Containers</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Containers">edit</a>]</div> MPEG has published an amendment which added HEVC support to the <a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG transport stream</a> used by <a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVB" title="DVB">DVB</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Blu-ray Disc">Blu-ray Disc</a>; MPEG decided not to update the <a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">MPEG program stream</a> used by <a href="/wiki/DVD-Video" title="DVD-Video">DVD-Video</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MPEGApril2013WorkPlan-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCApril2014Amd3MPEG2-176">[176]</a> MPEG has also added HEVC support to the <a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">ISO base media file format</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCJune2013ISO14496-15-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-HEVCNovember2013DCOR1ISO-178">[178]</a> HEVC is also supported by the <a href="/wiki/MPEG_media_transport" title="MPEG media transport">MPEG media transport</a> standard.<a href="#cite_note-MPEGApril2013WorkPlan-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-MMTNovember2014-179">[179]</a> Support for HEVC was added to <a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a> starting with the release of <a href="/wiki/MKVToolNix" title="MKVToolNix">MKVToolNix</a> v6.8.0 after a patch from DivX was merged.<a href="#cite_note-DivxHEVCMatroskaJune2013DivxMKV-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-DivxHEVCMatroskaJune2013MKVToolNix-181">[181]</a> A draft document has been submitted to the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> which describes a method to add HEVC support to the <a href="/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">Real-time Transport Protocol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HEVCJune2013RTP-182">[182]</a> Using HEVC's intra frame encoding, a still-image coded format called <a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">Better Portable Graphics</a> (BPG) has been proposed by the programmer <a href="/wiki/Fabrice_Bellard" title="Fabrice Bellard">Fabrice Bellard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BPGSpecification-183">[183]</a> It is essentially a wrapper for images coded using the HEVC Main 4:4:4 16 Still Picture profile with up to 14 bits per sample, although it uses an abbreviated header syntax and adds explicit support for <a href="/wiki/Exif" title="Exif">Exif</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">ICC profiles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Extensible_Metadata_Platform" title="Extensible Metadata Platform">XMP</a> metadata.<a href="#cite_note-BPGSpecification-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patent_license_terms">Patent license terms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Patent license terms">edit</a>]</div> License terms and fees for HEVC patents, compared with its main competitors: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Video format</th> <th>Licensor</th> <th>Codec royalties</th> <th>Codec royalty exemptions</th> <th>Codec royalty annual cap</th> <th>Content distribution fee </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">HEVC</td> <td>MPEG LA</td> <td>▪ US$0.20 per unit</td> <td>▪ First 100k units each year<a href="#cite_note-MPEGLAHEVCLicensePDFSeptember2014-49">[49]</a></td> <td>▪ US$25 million</td> <td>▪ US$0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>HEVC Advance</td> <td>Region 1: ▪ US$0.40 (mobile) ▪ US$1.20 (4K TV) ▪ US$0.20-0.80 (other) Region 2: ▪ US$0.20 (mobile) ▪ US$0.60 (4K TV) ▪ US$0.20–0.40 (other)<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a></td> <td>▪ US$25,000 each year<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> ▪ Most software HEVC implementation distributed to consumer devices after first sale<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a></td> <td>▪ US$40 million</td> <td>Physical distribution: ▪ $0.0225 per disc/title (Region 1)<a href="#cite_note-hevc-advance-royalties-188">[188]</a> ▪ $0.01125 per disc/title (Region 2)<a href="#cite_note-hevc-advance-royalties-188">[188]</a> Non-physical distribution: ▪ US$0<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Technicolor </td> <td colspan="3">tailor-made agreements<a href="#cite_note-why_technicolor_left_pool-58">[58]</a></td> <td>▪ US$0<a href="#cite_note-why_technicolor_left_pool-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Velos Media<a href="#cite_note-VelosHEVCMarch2017Yahoo-62">[62]</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td>▪ Presumed to charge royalty<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>others (AT&T, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia, Cisco, ...)<a href="#cite_note-streaming-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-x265_proposal-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-thor_ipr-192">[192]</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">? </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">AVC</td> <td>MPEG LA </td> <td>Codecs to end users and OEM for PC but not part of PC OS: ▪ US$0.20: 100k+ units/year ▪ US$0.10: 5M+ units/year Branded OEM Codecs for PC OS: ▪ US$0.20: 100k+ units/year ▪ US$0.10: 5M+ units/year<a href="#cite_note-AVCPatentPortfolio-193">[193]</a> </td> <td>Codecs to end users and OEM for PC but not part of PC OS: ▪ First 100k units each year Branded OEM Codecs for PC OS: ▪ First 100k units each year<a href="#cite_note-AVCPatentPortfolio-193">[193]</a> </td> <td>Codecs to end users and OEM for PC but not part of PC OS: ▪ US$9.75 million (for 2017-20 period) Branded OEM Codecs for PC OS: ▪ US$9.75 million (for 2017-20 period)<a href="#cite_note-AVCPatentPortfolio-193">[193]</a> </td> <td>Free Television: ▪ one time $2,500 per transmission encoder, or ▪ $2,500...$10,000 annual fee Internet Broadcast: ▪ US$0 Paid Subscriber Model: ▪  00000$0/yr: 000k...100k subscribers ▪ 0$25,000/yr: 100k...250k subscribers ▪ 0$50,000/yr: 250k...500k subscribers ▪ 0$75,000/yr: 500k...1M subscribers ▪ $100,000/yr: 1M+ subscribers Paid by Title Model: ▪ 0...12 min: no royalty ▪ 12+ min: lower of 2% or US$0.02/title Maximum Annual Content Related Royalty: ▪ US$8.125 million </td></tr> <tr> <td>others (Nokia, Qualcomm, Broadcomm, Blackberry, Texas Instruments, MIT)<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">? </td></tr> <tr> <td>AV1</td> <td>Alliance for Open Media</td> <td>▪ US$0 </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>▪ US$0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Daala</td> <td>Mozilla & Xiph.org</td> <td>▪ US$0 </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>▪ US$0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>VP9</td> <td>Google</td> <td>▪ US$0 </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>▪ US$0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provision_for_costless_software">Provision for costless software</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Provision for costless software">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reasonable_and_non-discriminatory_licensing#Excluding_costless_distribution_schemes" title="Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing">Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing § Excluding costless distribution schemes</a></div> As with its predecessor AVC, software distributors that implement HEVC in products must pay a price per distributed copy.<a href="#endnote_regardless">[i]</a> While this licensing model is manageable for paid software, it is an obstacle to most <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a>, which is meant to be freely distributable. In the opinion of <a href="/wiki/MulticoreWare" title="MulticoreWare">MulticoreWare</a>, the developer of <a href="/wiki/X265" title="X265">x265</a>, enabling royalty-free software encoders and decoders is in the interest of accelerating HEVC adoption.<a href="#cite_note-x265_proposal-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> HEVC Advance made an exception that specifically waives the royalties on software-only implementations (both decoders and encoders) when not bundled with hardware.<a href="#cite_note-HEVC_advance_sw_roy-197">[197]</a> However, the exempted software is not free from the licensing obligations of other patent holders (e.g. members of the MPEG LA pool). While the obstacle to free software is no concern in for example TV broadcast networks, this problem, combined with the prospect of future <a href="/wiki/Vendor_lock-in#Collective_vendor_lock-in" title="Vendor lock-in">collective lock-in</a> to the format, makes several organizations like Mozilla (see <a href="/wiki/OpenH264" title="OpenH264">OpenH264</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation_Europe" title="Free Software Foundation Europe">Free Software Foundation Europe</a><a href="#cite_note-fsfe_on_frand-198">[198]</a> wary of royalty-bearing formats for internet use. Competing formats intended for internet use (VP9 and AV1) are intended to steer clear of these concerns by being royalty free (provided there are no third-party claims of patent rights). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_regardless">^i</a> : Regardless of how the software is licensed from the software authors (see <a href="/wiki/Software_licensing" class="mw-redirect" title="Software licensing">software licensing</a>), if what it does is patented, its use remains bound by the patent holders' rights unless the use of the patents has been authorized by a license. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versatile_Video_Coding">Versatile Video Coding</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Versatile Video Coding">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">Versatile Video Coding</a></div> In October 2015, MPEG and VCEG formed Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET)<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> to evaluate available compression technologies and study the requirements for a next-generation video compression standard. The new algorithm should have 30–50% better compression rate for the same perceptual quality, with support for lossless and subjectively lossless compression. It should also support YCbCr 4:4:4, 4:2:2 and 4:2:0 with 10 to 16 bits per component, BT.2100 wide color gamut and high dynamic range (HDR) of more than 16 stops (with peak brightness of 1,000, 4,000 and 10,000 nits), auxiliary channels (for depth, transparency, etc.), variable and fractional frame rates from 0 to 120 Hz, scalable video coding for temporal (frame rate), spatial (resolution), SNR, color gamut and dynamic range differences, stereo/multiview coding, panoramic formats, and still picture coding. Encoding complexity of 10 times that of HEVC is expected. JVET issued a final "Call for Proposals" in October 2017, with the first working draft of the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard released in April 2018.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> The VVC standard was finalized on July 6, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">UHDTV</a> – digital television formats with resolutions of 4K / 2160p (3840×2160) and 8K / 4320p (7680×4320) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Rec. 2020</a> – ITU-R Recommendation for UHDTV with <a href="/wiki/Standard_dynamic_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard dynamic range">standard dynamic range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2100" title="Rec. 2100">Rec. 2100</a> – ITU-R Recommendation for HDTV and UHDTV with <a href="/wiki/High-dynamic-range_video" class="mw-redirect" title="High-dynamic-range video">high dynamic range</a></li></ul></li> <li>Image file formats based on HEVC <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">Better Portable Graphics</a> – a file format for images based on HEVC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">High Efficiency Image File Format</a> – a file format for images and image sequences based on HEVC</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_video_codecs" title="Comparison of video codecs">Comparison of video codecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_codecs" title="List of open-source codecs">List of open-source codecs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X265" title="X265">x265</a> – an open-source software implementation of HEVC</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_codecs" title="List of codecs">List of multimedia (audio/video) codecs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">H.264/MPEG-4 AVC</a> – the video standard predecessor of HEVC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a> – an open format developed by the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Open_Media" title="Alliance for Open Media">Alliance for Open Media</a> as a successor to VP9 and a competitor to HEVC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a> – an <a href="/wiki/Open_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Open format">open format</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> as a competitor to HEVC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daala" title="Daala">Daala</a> – an open format that is being developed by <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Foundation" title="Mozilla Foundation">Mozilla Foundation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xiph.Org_Foundation" title="Xiph.Org Foundation">Xiph.Org Foundation</a> as a competitor to HEVC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirac_(video_compression_format)" title="Dirac (video compression format)">Dirac (video compression format)</a> – an open format that is being developed by the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Research_%26_Development" title="BBC Research & Development">BBC Research & Development</a> as a competitor to HEVC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(video_codec)" title="Thor (video codec)">Thor (video codec)</a> – an open format that is being developed by <a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a> as a competitor to HEVC</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">LCEVC</a> – differential overlays that can improve performance</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation techreport cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000530.shtml">High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Family, H.265, MPEG-H Part 2</a> (Preliminary draft). 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Retrieved November 8, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Subjective+quality+evaluation+of+the+upcoming+HEVC+video+compression+standard&rft.date=2012-08-15&rft.au=Philippe+Hanhart&rft.au=Martin+Rerabek&rft.au=Francesca+De+Simone&rft.au=Touradj+Ebrahimi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Ftouradj_ebrahimi%2Fsubjective-quality-evaluation-of-the-upcoming-hevc-video-compression-standard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh+Efficiency+Video+Coding" class="Z3988"></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSze2014" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vivienne_Sze" title="Vivienne Sze">Vivienne Sze</a>; Madhukar Budagavi; <a href="/wiki/Gary_Sullivan_(engineer)" title="Gary Sullivan (engineer)">G. J. 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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Design+and+Implementation+of+Next+Generation+Video+Coding+Systems+%28H.265%2FHEVC+Tutorial%29&rft.date=2014-06-01&rft.au=Vivienne+Sze&rft.au=Madhukar+Budagavi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rle.mit.edu%2Feems%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F06%2FH.265-HEVC-Tutorial-2014-ISCAS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh+Efficiency+Video+Coding" class="Z3988"></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTech2016" class="citation journal cs1">Gerhard Tech; Ying Chen; Karsten Müller; Jens-Rainer Ohm; Anthony Vetro; Ye-Kui Wang (January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/667981/files/07258339.pdf">"Overview of the Multiview and 3D Extensions of High Efficiency Video Coding"</a> (PDF). 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Circuits+and+Systems+for+Video+Technology&rft.atitle=Overview+of+the+Multiview+and+3D+Extensions+of+High+Efficiency+Video+Coding&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=35-49&rft.date=2016-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FTCSVT.2015.2477935&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A750942%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Gerhard+Tech&rft.au=Ying+Chen&rft.au=Karsten+M%C3%BCller&rft.au=Jens-Rainer+Ohm&rft.au=Anthony+Vetro&rft.au=Ye-Kui+Wang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublications.rwth-aachen.de%2Frecord%2F667981%2Ffiles%2F07258339.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh+Efficiency+Video+Coding" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style 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href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">compression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Container_format_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container format (computing)">container</a> formats</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">Video compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">DV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG" title="Motion JPEG">MJPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">Motion JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">Part 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">Part 2 / ASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">Part 10 / AVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_IVC" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 IVC">Part 33 / IVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">MPEG-H</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Part 2 / HEVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MPEG-I (page does not exist)">MPEG-I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">Part 3 / VVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-5" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-5">MPEG-5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">Part 1 / EVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">Part 2 / LCEVC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_Coding_Experts_Group" title="Video Coding Experts Group">VCEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.120" title="H.120">H.120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.261" title="H.261">H.261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">H.262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.263" title="H.263">H.263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264 / AVC</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H.265 / HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266 / VVC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirac_(video_compression_format)" title="Dirac (video compression format)">VC-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avid_DNxHD" title="Avid DNxHD">VC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CineForm" title="CineForm">VC-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-6" title="VC-6">VC-6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies" title="On2 Technologies">TrueMotion</a> and AOMedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies#TrueMotion_S" title="On2 Technologies">TrueMotion S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP3" title="VP3">VP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP6" title="VP6">VP6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP7" class="mw-redirect" title="VP7">VP7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP8" title="VP8">VP8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Chinese Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS1 P2/AVS+</a>(GB/T 20090.2/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2 P2</a>(GB/T 33475.2,GY/T 299.1) <ul><li>HDR Vivid(GY/T 358)</li></ul></li> <li>AVS3 P2(GY/T 368)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Video" title="Apple Video">Apple Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bink_Video" title="Bink Video">Bink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinepak" title="Cinepak">Cinepak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daala" title="Daala">Daala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Interactive" title="Digital Video Interactive">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FFV1" title="FFV1">FFV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huffyuv" title="Huffyuv">Huffyuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indeo" title="Indeo">Indeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagarith" title="Lagarith">Lagarith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Video_1" title="Microsoft Video 1">Microsoft Video 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSU_Lossless_Video_Codec" title="MSU Lossless Video Codec">MSU Lossless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMS_Video" title="OMS Video">OMS Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixlet" title="Pixlet">Pixlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProRes" title="Apple ProRes">ProRes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ProRes_422" class="mw-redirect" title="ProRes 422">422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProRes_4444" class="mw-redirect" title="ProRes 4444">4444</a></li></ul></li> <li>QuickTime <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_Animation" title="QuickTime Animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_Graphics" title="QuickTime Graphics">Graphics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealVideo" title="RealVideo">RealVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVideo" title="RTVideo">RTVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SheerVideo" title="SheerVideo">SheerVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smacker_video" title="Smacker video">Smacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorenson_Media" title="Sorenson Media">Sorenson Video/Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theora" title="Theora">Theora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(video_codec)" title="Thor (video codec)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ut_Video_Codec_Suite" title="Ut Video Codec Suite">Ut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Video" title="Windows Media Video">WMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RatDVD" title="RatDVD">XEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YULS" title="YULS">YULS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">Audio compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Layer II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">Multichannel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_I" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer I">MPEG-1 Layer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAC-LD" title="AAC-LD">AAC-LD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Surround" title="MPEG Surround">MPEG Surround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Lossless_Coding" title="Audio Lossless Coding">MPEG-4 ALS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_SLS" title="MPEG-4 SLS">MPEG-4 SLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Audio_CD#DST" title="Super Audio CD">MPEG-4 DST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_Vector_Excitation_Coding" title="Harmonic Vector Excitation Coding">MPEG-4 HVXC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Code-excited linear prediction">MPEG-4 CELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Speech_and_Audio_Coding" title="Unified Speech and Audio Coding">MPEG-D USAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G.711" title="G.711">G.711</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-law_algorithm" title="A-law algorithm">A-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-law_algorithm" title="Μ-law algorithm">µ-law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.718" title="G.718">G.718</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.719" title="G.719">G.719</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.722" title="G.722">G.722</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.722.1" title="G.722.1">G.722.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband">G.722.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.723" title="G.723">G.723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.723.1" title="G.723.1">G.723.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.726" title="G.726">G.726</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.728" title="G.728">G.728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.729" title="G.729">G.729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.729.1" title="G.729.1">G.729.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)" title="Opus (audio format)">Opus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Low_Bitrate_Codec" title="Internet Low Bitrate Codec">iLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speex" title="Speex">Speex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorbis" title="Vorbis">Vorbis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLAC" title="FLAC">FLAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_audio_codec" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate audio codec">AMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband">AMR-WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Adaptive_Multi-Rate_%E2%80%93_Wideband" title="Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate – Wideband">AMR-WB+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Variable_Rate_Codec" title="Enhanced Variable Rate Codec">EVRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Variable_Rate_Codec_B" title="Enhanced Variable Rate Codec B">EVRC-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Voice_Services" title="Enhanced Voice Services">EVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_Rate" title="Half Rate">GSM-HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Rate" title="Full Rate">GSM-FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_full_rate" title="Enhanced full rate">GSM-EFR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">AC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">AC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Bluetooth_Special_Interest_Group" title="Bluetooth Special Interest Group">Bluetooth SIG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SBC_(codec)" title="SBC (codec)">SBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LC3_(codec)" title="LC3 (codec)">LC3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Chinese Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS1 P10</a>(GB/T 20090.10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2 P3</a>(GB/T 33475.3) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audio_Vivid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audio Vivid (page does not exist)">Audio Vivid</a>(GY/T 363)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Resolution_Adaptation" title="Dynamic Resolution Adaptation">DRA</a>(GB/T 22726)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L2HC" title="L2HC">L2HC</a></li> <li>ExAC(SJ/T 11299.4)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Algebraic code-excited linear prediction">ACELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lossless_Audio_Codec" title="Apple Lossless Audio Codec">ALAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asao_(codec)" title="Asao (codec)">Asao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Transform_Acoustic_Coding" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding">ATRAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CELT" title="CELT">CELT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codec_2" title="Codec 2">Codec 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speech_Audio_Codec" title="Internet Speech Audio Codec">iSAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyra_(codec)" title="Lyra (codec)">Lyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-excitation_linear_prediction" title="Mixed-excitation linear prediction">MELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey%27s_Audio" title="Monkey's Audio">Monkey's Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT9" title="MT9">MT9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musepack" title="Musepack">Musepack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OptimFROG" title="OptimFROG">OptimFROG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Sound_Quality" title="Original Sound Quality">OSQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Qualcomm code-excited linear prediction">QCELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxed_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Relaxed code-excited linear prediction">RCELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealAudio" title="RealAudio">RealAudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTAudio" title="RTAudio">RTAudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avid_Audio#Sound_Designer_file_formats" title="Avid Audio">SD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorten_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Shorten file format">SHN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SILK" title="SILK">SILK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(codec)" title="Siren (codec)">Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selectable_Mode_Vocoder" title="Selectable Mode Vocoder">SMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVOPC" title="SVOPC">SVOPC</a></li> <li>TTA <ul><li>True Audio</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TwinVQ" title="TwinVQ">TwinVQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-Rate_Multimode_Wideband" title="Variable-Rate Multimode Wideband">VMR-WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_sum_excited_linear_prediction" title="Vector sum excited linear prediction">VSELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WavPack" title="WavPack">WavPack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio" title="Windows Media Audio">WMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Quality_Authenticated" title="Master Quality Authenticated">MQA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX" title="AptX">aptX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_HD" title="AptX">aptX HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_Low_Latency" title="AptX">aptX Low Latency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_Adaptive" title="AptX">aptX Adaptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDAC_(codec)" title="LDAC (codec)">LDAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHDC_(codec)" title="LHDC (codec)">LHDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHDC_(codec)#LLAC" title="LHDC (codec)">LLAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">Image compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Photographic_Experts_Group" title="Joint Photographic Experts Group">JPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_4_compression" title="Group 4 compression">CCITT Group 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format#HEIC:_HEVC_in_HEIF" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">HEIC / HEIF</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Main_Still_Picture">HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG-LS" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-LS">JPEG-LS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF">TIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="TIFF/IT">TIFF/IT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR">EXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format">FLIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics">MNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File">PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)">QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR">QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format">WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_container_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital container format">Containers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_elementary_stream" title="MPEG elementary stream">MPEG-ES</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Packetized_elementary_stream" title="Packetized elementary stream">MPEG-PES</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">MPEG-PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG-TS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_base_media_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC base media file format">ISO/IEC base media file format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Part 14">MPEG-4 Part 14</a> (MP4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">Motion JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">MPEG-21 Part 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_media_transport" title="MPEG media transport">MPEG media transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2#Systems" title="MPEG-2">H.222.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">T.802</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogg" title="Ogg">Ogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Exchange_Format" title="General Exchange Format">GXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_Exchange_Format" title="Material Exchange Format">MXF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3GP_and_3G2" title="3GP and 3G2">3GP and 3G2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMV_video_format" title="AMV video format">AMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Systems_Format" title="Advanced Systems Format">ASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Interchange_File_Format" title="Audio Interchange File Format">AIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Interleave" title="Audio Video Interleave">AVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au_file_format" title="Au file format">AU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bink_Video" title="Bink Video">Bink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smacker_video" title="Smacker video">Smacker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format">BMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DivX#DivX_Media_Format_(DMF)" title="DivX">DivX Media Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_VOB" title="Enhanced VOB">EVO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_Video" title="Flash Video">Flash Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">HEIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_File_Format" title="Interchange File Format">IFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.m2ts" title=".m2ts">M2TS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_File_Format" title="QuickTime File Format">QuickTime File Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RatDVD" title="RatDVD">RatDVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealMedia" title="RealMedia">RealMedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Interchange_File_Format" title="Resource Interchange File Format">RIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WAV" title="WAV">WAV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOD_and_TOD" title="MOD and TOD">MOD and TOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOB" title="VOB">VOB, IFO and BUP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NETVC" title="NETVC">NETVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_LA" title="MPEG LA">MPEG LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Open_Media" title="Alliance for Open Media">Alliance for Open Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Methods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entropy_encoding" class="mw-redirect" title="Entropy encoding">Entropy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arithmetic_coding" title="Arithmetic coding">Arithmetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huffman_coding" title="Huffman coding">Huffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_Huffman_coding" title="Modified Huffman coding">Modified</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_predictive_coding" title="Linear predictive coding">LPC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Algebraic code-excited linear prediction">ACELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Code-excited linear prediction">CELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_spectral_pairs" title="Line spectral pairs">LSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warped_linear_predictive_coding" title="Warped linear predictive coding">WLPC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossless_compression" title="Lossless compression">Lossless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossy_compression" title="Lossy compression">Lossy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LZ77_and_LZ78" title="LZ77 and LZ78">LZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DEFLATE" class="mw-redirect" title="DEFLATE">DEFLATE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">LZW</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">PCM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-law_algorithm" title="A-law algorithm">A-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-law_algorithm" title="Μ-law algorithm">µ-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_differential_pulse-code_modulation" title="Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation">ADPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_pulse-code_modulation" title="Differential pulse-code modulation">DPCM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transform_coding" title="Transform coding">Transforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Fourier_transform" title="Fast Fourier transform">FFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_discrete_cosine_transform" title="Modified discrete cosine transform">MDCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavelet" title="Wavelet">Wavelet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daubechies_wavelet" title="Daubechies wavelet">Daubechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_wavelet_transform" title="Discrete wavelet transform">DWT</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_audio_coding_formats" title="Comparison of audio coding formats">Comparison of audio coding formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_video_codecs" title="Comparison of video codecs">Comparison of video codecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_codecs" title="List of codecs">List of codecs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_methods" title="Template:Compression methods">Compression methods</a> for techniques and <a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_software" title="Template:Compression software">Compression software</a> for codecs</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Graphics_file_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Graphics_file_formats" title="Template:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Graphics_file_formats" title="Template talk:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Graphics_file_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Graphics file formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Graphics_file_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_format" title="Image file format">Graphics file formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">Raster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANI_(file_format)" title="ANI (file format)"> ANI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANIM" title="ANIM">ANIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ART_image_file_format" title="ART image file format"> ART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format"> BMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics"> BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSAVE" title="BSAVE"> BSAVE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALS_Raster_file_format" title="CALS Raster file format"> CAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cineon" title="Cineon"> CIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_Perceptual_Compression" title="Cartesian Perceptual Compression"> CPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPT_(file_format)" title="CPT (file format)"> CPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectDraw_Surface" title="DirectDraw Surface"> DDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Picture_Exchange" title="Digital Picture Exchange"> DPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECW_(file_format)" title="ECW (file format)"> ECW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR"> EXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FITS" title="FITS">FITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLIC_(file_format)" title="FLIC (file format)"> FLIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format"> FLIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlashPix" title="FlashPix"> FPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDRi_(data_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="HDRi (data format)"> HDRi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Main_Still_Picture"> HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image_format" title="Apple Icon Image format"> ICNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICO_(file_format)" title="ICO (file format)"> ICO / CUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_Cytometry_Standard" title="Image Cytometry Standard"> ICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILBM" title="ILBM">ILBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_Network_Graphics" title="JPEG Network Graphics"> JNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossless_JPEG#JPEG-LS" title="Lossless JPEG"> JPEG-LS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JPEG-HDR" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-HDR">JPEG-HDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krita" title="Krita"> KRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics"> MNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magick_Image_File_Format" title="Magick Image File Format"> MIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearly_raw_raster_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Nearly raw raster data"> NRRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenRaster" title="OpenRaster"> ORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm#PAM_graphics_format" title="Netpbm"> PAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netpbm" title="Netpbm"> PBM / PGM / PPM / PNM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCX" title="PCX">PCX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File"> PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICtor_PIC_image_format" title="PICtor PIC image format"> PICtor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNG" title="PNG">PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop#PSD" title="Adobe Photoshop"> PSD / PSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaintShop_Pro" title="PaintShop Pro"> PSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)"> QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR"> QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Raster" title="Sun Raster"> RAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGBE_image_format" title="RGBE image format"> RGBE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logluv_TIFF" title="Logluv TIFF">Logluv TIFF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics_Image" title="Silicon Graphics Image"> SGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truevision_TGA" title="Truevision TGA"> TGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format"> TIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format#TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Image File Format"> TIFF/IT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulead_PhotoImpact" title="Ulead PhotoImpact"> UFO / UFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format"> WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_BitMap" title="X BitMap"> XBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCF_(file_format)" title="XCF (file format)"> XCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_PixMap" title="X PixMap"> XPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xwd" title="Xwd"> XWD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raw_image_format" title="Raw image format">Raw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera_Image_File_Format" title="Camera Image File Format"> CIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Negative" title="Digital Negative"> DNG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">Vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator_Artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Illustrator Artwork"> AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CorelDRAW#CDR_file_format" title="CorelDRAW"> CDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile"> CGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF" title="AutoCAD DXF"> DXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Metafile" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Metafile"> EMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMF%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="EMF+">EMF+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerber_format" title="Gerber format"> Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiku_Vector_Icon_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiku Vector Icon Format"> HVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGES" title="IGES">IGES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Graphics_Markup_Language" title="Precision Graphics Markup Language"> PGML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics"> SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Markup_Language" title="Vector Markup Language"> VML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Metafile" title="Windows Metafile"> WMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar_(graphics)" title="Xar (graphics)"> Xar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Image_file_format#Compound_formats" title="Image file format">Compound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computable_Document_Format" title="Computable Document Format"> CDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encapsulated_PostScript" title="Encapsulated PostScript"> EPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODCA" title="MODCA">MODCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICT" title="PICT">PICT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript"> PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">SWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language"> XAML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exif" title="Exif">Exchangeable image file format (Exif)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Press_Telecommunications_Council#Photo_metadata" title="International Press Telecommunications Council">International Press Telecommunications Council § Photo metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensible_Metadata_Platform" title="Extensible Metadata Platform">Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF#Metadata" title="GIF">GIF § Metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steganography" title="Steganography">Steganography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Graphics_file_formats" title="Category:Graphics file formats">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_na_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Non-article page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/16px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/23px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/31px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_graphics_file_formats" title="Comparison of graphics file formats">Comparison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ISO_standards" title="Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ISO_standards" title="Template talk:ISO standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ISO_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> standards by standard number</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards" title="List of ISO standards">ISO standards</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_romanizations" title="List of ISO romanizations">ISO romanizations</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards" title="List of IEC standards">IEC standards</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1–9999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1" title="ISO 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2" title="ISO 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31" title="ISO 31">31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-0" title="ISO 31-0">-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-1" title="ISO 31-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-3" title="ISO 31-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-4" title="ISO 31-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-5" title="ISO 31-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-6" title="ISO 31-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-7" title="ISO 31-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-8" title="ISO 31-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-10" title="ISO 31-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-11" title="ISO 31-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-13" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-13">-13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">68-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_128" title="ISO 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_216" title="ISO 216">216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_217" title="ISO 217">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal-loudness_contour" title="Equal-loudness contour">226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_233" title="ISO 233">233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_259" title="ISO 259">259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_number" title="Kappa number">302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicat_softening_point" title="Vicat softening point">306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_symbol#Ionizing_radiation_symbol" title="Hazard symbol">361</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_take-off" title="Power take-off">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">518</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prontor-Compur" title="Prontor-Compur">519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">639</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-6" title="ISO 639-6">-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_657" title="ISO 657">657</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_668" title="ISO 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_690" title="ISO 690">690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_704" title="ISO 704">704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_732" title="ISO 732">732</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimagnetic_watch" title="Antimagnetic watch">764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hole_punch" title="Hole punch">838</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_843" title="ISO 843">843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_860" title="ISO 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_898" title="ISO 898">898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_965" title="ISO 965">965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_999" title="ISO 999">999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1000" title="ISO 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">1004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/135_film" title="135 film">1007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-A" title="OCR-A">1073-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-B" title="OCR-B">1073-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_redundancy_check" title="Longitudinal redundancy check">1155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock-resistant_watch#ISO_1413_shock-resistant_standard" title="Shock-resistant watch">1413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">1538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1629" title="ISO 1629">1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1745" title="ISO 1745">1745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2014" title="ISO 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2015" title="ISO 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2047" title="ISO 2047">2047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">2108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2145" title="ISO 2145">2145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2146" title="ISO 2146">2146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">2281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Atmosphere" title="International Standard Atmosphere">2533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2709" title="ISO 2709">2709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2711" title="ISO 2711">2711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2788" title="ISO 2788">2788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2848" title="ISO 2848">2848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2852" title="ISO 2852">2852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2921" title="ISO 2921">2921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126_film" title="126 film">3029</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3103" title="ISO 3103">3103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">3166</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-3" title="ISO 3166-3">-3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">3297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3307" title="ISO 3307">3307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">3601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">3602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3864" title="ISO 3864">3864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Recording_Code" title="International Standard Recording Code">3901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDI_World_Dental_Federation_notation" title="FDI World Dental Federation notation">3950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3977" title="ISO 3977">3977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4031" title="ISO 4031">4031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4157" title="ISO 4157">4157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4165" title="ISO 4165">4165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">4217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision" title="Accuracy and precision">5725</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5775" title="ISO 5775">5775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5776" title="ISO 5776">5776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">5800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowchart" title="Flowchart">5807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5964" title="ISO 5964">5964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">6166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6344" title="ISO 6344">6344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6346" title="ISO 6346">6346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_BASIC" title="Minimal BASIC">6373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6385" title="ISO 6385">6385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">6425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6709" title="ISO 6709">6709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6943" title="ISO 6943">6943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7001" title="ISO 7001">7001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7002" title="ISO 7002">7002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7010" title="ISO 7010">7010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7027" title="ISO 7027">7027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7064" title="ISO/IEC 7064">7064</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">7098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">7185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7200" title="ISO 7200">7200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">7498</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">-1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7637" title="ISO 7637">7637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7736" title="ISO 7736">7736</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8000" title="ISO 8000">8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">8093</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8178" title="ISO 8178">8178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">8217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8373" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8373">8373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8501-1" title="ISO 8501-1">8501-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTAM" title="FTAM">8571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8583" title="ISO 8583">8583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">8601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8691" title="ISO 8691">8691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8805/8806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Of_Temporal_Ordering_Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification">8807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(automotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuse (automotive)">8820-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-8-I" title="ISO-8859-8-I">-8-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">8879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9000">9000/9001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">9036</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">9075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">9141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_spray_test" title="Salt spray test">9227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9241" title="ISO 9241">9241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_Distributed_Data_Interface" title="Fiber Distributed Data Interface">9314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9362" title="ISO 9362">9362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">9407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_Message_Specification" title="Manufacturing Message Specification">9506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9564" title="ISO 9564">9564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592/9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.500" title="X.500">9594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">9660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9797-1" title="ISO/IEC 9797-1">9797-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9897" title="ISO 9897">9897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">9984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">9985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10000–19999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10006" title="ISO 10006">10006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10007" title="ISO 10007">10007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_(hash_function)" title="Whirlpool (hash function)">10118-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10160" title="ISO 10160">10160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10161" title="ISO 10161">10161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)#ISO/IEC_10206:1990_Extended_Pascal" title="Pascal (programming language)">10206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10218" title="ISO 10218">10218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">10303</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)" title="EXPRESS (data modeling language)">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-21" title="ISO 10303-21">-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-22" title="ISO 10303-22">-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-28" title="ISO 10303-28">-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">-238</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Identifier_Code" title="Market Identifier Code">10383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">10585</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS">10589</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10628" title="ISO 10628">10628</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torx" title="Torx">10664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-ODP" title="RM-ODP">10746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">10861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Music_Number" title="International Standard Music Number">10957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10962" title="ISO 10962">10962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEEE_11073" title="ISO/IEEE 11073">11073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11170" title="ISO 11170">11170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11783" title="ISO 11783">11783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module" title="Trusted Platform Module">11889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAN_bus#CAN_lower-layer_standards" title="CAN bus">11898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11940" title="ISO 11940">11940</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_11940-2" title="ISO 11940-2">-2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941 (TR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11992" title="ISO 11992">11992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_12006" title="ISO 12006">12006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM">12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_TR_12182" title="ISO/IEC TR 12182">12182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">12234-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_categories#ISO_12620_(ISO_TC37_Data_Category_Registry,_ISOcat)" title="Linguistic categories">12620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">13211</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isofix" title="Isofix">13216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13399" title="ISO 13399">13399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13406-2" title="ISO 13406-2">13406-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/110_film" title="110 film">13450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13485" title="ISO 13485">13485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13490" title="ISO 13490">13490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13567" title="ISO 13567">13567</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13584" title="ISO 13584">13584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number" title="International Bank Account Number">13616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 14000">14000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14031" title="ISO 14031">14031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14224" title="ISO 14224">14224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/UA" title="PDF/UA">14289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">14396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework" title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_11" title="MPEG-4 Part 11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14617" title="ISO 14617">14617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14644" title="ISO 14644">14644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">14649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14698" title="ISO 14698">14698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">14764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14971" title="ISO 14971">14971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15022" title="ISO 15022">15022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15189" title="ISO 15189">15189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15398" title="ISO 15398">15398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPIP" title="JPIP">-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF417" title="PDF417">15438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15686" title="ISO 15686">15686</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">15706</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Musical_Work_Code" title="International Standard Musical Work Code">15707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">15919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">15924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926" title="ISO 15926">15926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926_WIP" title="ISO 15926 WIP">15926 WIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/X" title="PDF/X">15930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">16023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_function_deployment" title="Quality function deployment">16355-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/VT" title="PDF/VT">16612-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_16750" title="ISO 16750">16750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IATF_16949" title="IATF 16949">16949 (TS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_17100" title="ISO 17100">17100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Virtualization_Format" title="Open Virtualization Format">17203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDMX" title="SDMX">17369</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Entity_Identifier" title="Legal Entity Identifier">17442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COLLADA" title="COLLADA">17506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">17799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_18245" title="ISO 18245">18245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_Specification_Language" title="Process Specification Language">18629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_Activity_Test" title="Photographic Activity Test">18916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/A" title="PDF/A">19005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19011" title="ISO 19011">19011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">19092</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-2">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19114" title="ISO 19114">19114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geospatial_metadata#ISO_19115:_Geographic_information_–_Metadata" title="Geospatial metadata">19115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Features" title="Simple Features">19125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language#ISO_19136" title="Geography Markup Language">19136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">19407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19439" title="ISO 19439">19439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Object_Request_Broker_Architecture" title="Common Object Request Broker Architecture">19500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Discovery_Metamodel" title="Knowledge Discovery Metamodel">19506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Constraint_Language" title="Object Constraint Language">19507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Process_Model_and_Notation" title="Business Process Model and Notation">19510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19600" title="ISO 19600">19600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X3D" title="X3D">19775-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19794-5" title="ISO/IEC 19794-5">19794-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Infrastructure_Management_Interface" title="Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface">19831</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20000–29999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20022" title="ISO 20022">20022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20121" title="ISO 20121">20121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20400" title="ISO 20400">20400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Xin_code" title="Han Xin code">20830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21001" title="ISO 21001">21001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Text_Code" title="International Standard Text Code">21047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">21122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21500" title="ISO 21500">21500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22000" title="ISO 22000">22000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22300" title="ISO 22300">22300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22301" title="ISO 22301">22301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22395" title="ISO 22395">22395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" title="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP">23009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">23090-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">23092</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">23094-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">23094-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">23271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code" title="Rectangular Micro QR Code">23941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/E" title="PDF/E">24517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexical_Markup_Framework" title="Lexical Markup Framework">24613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-TimeML" title="ISO-TimeML">24617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroPDF417" title="MicroPDF417">24728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25178" title="ISO 25178">25178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25964" title="ISO 25964">25964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26000" title="ISO 26000">26000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26262" title="ISO 26262">26262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">26324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 27000-series">27000 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001" title="ISO/IEC 27001">27001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27005" title="ISO/IEC 27005">27005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27006" title="ISO/IEC 27006">27006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">27729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_28000" title="ISO 28000">28000</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requirements_engineering" title="Requirements engineering">29148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">29199-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">29500</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">30000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">30170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31000" title="ISO 31000">31000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">32000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_37001" title="ISO 37001">37001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">40500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">45001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_50001" title="ISO 50001">50001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_55000" title="ISO 55000">55000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_56000" title="ISO 56000">56000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:ISO_standards" title="Category:ISO standards">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ITU_recommendations_(standards)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ITU_standards" title="Template:ITU standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ITU_standards" title="Template talk:ITU standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ITU_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ITU standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ITU_recommendations_(standards)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a> recommendations (standards)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Lists: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ITU-T_V-series_recommendations" title="List of ITU-T V-series recommendations">List of ITU-T V-series recommendations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ITU_letter_codes" title="List of ITU letter codes">List of ITU letter codes</a> Categories: <a href="/wiki/Category:ITU-R_recommendations" title="Category:ITU-R recommendations">Category:ITU-R recommendations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:ITU-T_recommendations" title="Category:ITU-T recommendations">Category:ITU-T recommendations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G series (ITU-T)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G.114" class="mw-redirect" title="G.114">G.114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.165" title="G.165">G.165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.703" title="G.703">G.703</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.704&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G.704 (page does not exist)">G.704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.706" title="G.706">G.706</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronous_optical_networking" title="Synchronous optical networking">G.707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.709" title="G.709">G.709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.711" title="G.711">G.711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.718" title="G.718">G.718</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.719" title="G.719">G.719</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.722" title="G.722">G.722</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.722.1" title="G.722.1">G.722.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband">G.722.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.729.1" title="G.729.1">G.729.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.723" title="G.723">G.723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.723.1" title="G.723.1">G.723.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.726" title="G.726">G.726</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.728" title="G.728">G.728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.729" title="G.729">G.729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.783" title="G.783">G.783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.798" class="mw-redirect" title="G.798">G.798</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.806&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G.806 (page does not exist)">G.806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.811" title="G.811">G.811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.983" title="G.983">G.983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.984" class="mw-redirect" title="G.984">G.984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.987" class="mw-redirect" title="G.987">G.987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.988" title="G.988">G.988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-bit-rate_digital_subscriber_line" title="High-bit-rate digital subscriber line">G.991.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-pair_high-speed_digital_subscriber_line" title="Single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line">G.991.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_G.992.1" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU G.992.1">G.992.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_G.992.2" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU G.992.2">G.992.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_G.992.3" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU G.992.3">G.992.3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITU_G.992.3_Annex_J" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU G.992.3 Annex J">Annex J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_G.992.3_Annex_L" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU G.992.3 Annex L">Annex L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_G.992.4" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU G.992.4">G.992.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_G.992.5" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU G.992.5">G.992.5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITU_G.992.5_Annex_M" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU G.992.5 Annex M">Annex M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very-high-bit-rate_digital_subscriber_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line">G.993.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_G.993.2" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU G.993.2">G.993.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_Framing_Procedure" title="Generic Framing Procedure">G.7041</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_Capacity_Adjustment_Scheme" title="Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme">G.7042</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.7043&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G.7043 (page does not exist)">G.7043</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronous_Ethernet" title="Synchronous Ethernet">G.8262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.fast" title="G.fast">G.9700, G.9701, G.9710 and G.9711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.hn" title="G.hn">G.9960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_G.9970" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU G.9970">G.9970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_G.9972" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU G.9972">G.9972</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">H series (ITU-T)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.222.0" class="mw-redirect" title="H.222.0">H.222.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.225.0" class="mw-redirect" title="H.225.0">H.225.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.235" title="H.235">H.235</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.239" title="H.239">H.239</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.241" title="H.241">H.241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.245" title="H.245">H.245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.248" title="H.248">H.248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.261" title="H.261">H.261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">H.262/MPEG-2 Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.263" title="H.263">H.263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264/MPEG-4 AVC</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H.265/MPEG-H HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266/MPEG-I VVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.320" title="H.320">H.320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.323" title="H.323">H.323</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.323_Gatekeeper" title="H.323 Gatekeeper">H.323 Gatekeeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.324" title="H.324">H.324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.450" title="H.450">H.450</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ITU-T_V-series_recommendations" title="List of ITU-T V-series recommendations">V series</a> (ITU-T)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RS-423" title="RS-423">V.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422">V.11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU-T_V.23" title="ITU-T V.23">V.23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">V.24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU-T_V.92" title="ITU-T V.92">V.92</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ITU-R</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITU-R_468_noise_weighting" title="ITU-R 468 noise weighting">ITU-R 468 noise weighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU-R_BS.1534-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-R BS.1534-1">ITU-R BS.1534-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU-R_BT.1304" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-R BT.1304">ITU-R BT.1304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU-R_BT.470-6" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-R BT.470-6">ITU-R BT.470-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU-R_BT.470-7" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-R BT.470-7">ITU-R BT.470-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU-R_BT.601" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-R BT.601">ITU-R BT.601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU-R_BT.709" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-R BT.709">ITU-R BT.709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU-R_BT.2020" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU-R BT.2020">ITU-R BT.2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2100" title="Rec. 2100">ITU-R BT.2100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:PrefixIndex&prefix=ITU&namespace=0">All articles beginning with "ITU"</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="High-definition_(HD)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High-definition" title="Template:High-definition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:High-definition" title="Template talk:High-definition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High-definition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High-definition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="High-definition_(HD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">High-definition (HD)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">High-definition television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">High-definition video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">Ultra-high-definition television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p (HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i (Full HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p (Full HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440p" title="1440p">1440p (Quad HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">2160p (4K Ultra HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">4320p (8K Ultra HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16K_resolution" title="16K resolution">8640p (16K Ultra HD)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">Analog broadcast</a> (All defunct)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">819 line system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">HD MAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE (Hi-Vision)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital broadcast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DMB-T/H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">Surround sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Stream_Digital" title="Direct Stream Digital">DSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_eXtreme_Definition" title="Digital eXtreme Definition">DXD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Filming and storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiatives" title="Digital Cinema Initiatives">DCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDV" title="HDV">HDV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-definition_pre-recorded_media_and_compression" title="High-definition pre-recorded media and compression">HD media and compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archival_Disc" title="Archival Disc">Archival Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Blue_High-definition_Disc" title="China Blue High-definition Disc">CBHD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-VHS" title="D-VHS">D-VHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H.265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Multilayer_Disc" title="Versatile Multilayer Disc">HD VMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laserdisc#MUSE_LD" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc">MUSE LaserDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiview_Video_Coding" title="Multiview Video Coding">MVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD">Super Audio CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncompressed_video" title="Uncompressed video">Uncompressed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W-VHS" title="W-VHS">W-VHS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Component_video" title="Component video">Component</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interface" title="Digital Visual Interface">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VGA_connector" title="VGA connector">VGA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deployments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_deployments_by_country" title="List of digital television deployments by country">List of digital television deployments by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="MPEG_(Moving_Picture_Experts_Group)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MPEG" title="Template:MPEG"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MPEG" title="Template talk:MPEG"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MPEG" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MPEG"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="MPEG_(Moving_Picture_Experts_Group)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:115%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-3" title="MPEG-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">A</a></li> <li>B</li> <li>C</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">D</a></li> <li>E</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">G</a></li> <li>V</li> <li>M</li> <li>U</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">H</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MPEG-I (page does not exist)">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-5" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-5">5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-1 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Part 1: Systems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">Program stream</a></li></ul></li> <li>Part 2: Video <ul><li>based on <a href="/wiki/H.261" title="H.261">H.261</a></li></ul></li> <li>Part 3: Audio <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_I" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer I">Layer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">Layer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">Layer III</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-2 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Part 1: Systems (H.222.0) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">Transport stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">Program stream</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">Part 2: Video (H.262)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2_Part_3" title="MPEG-2 Part 3">Part 3: Audio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_I" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer I">Layer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2_Audio_Layer_II" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-2 Audio Layer II">Layer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">Layer III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">MPEG Multichannel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSM_CC" title="DSM CC">Part 6: DSM CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">Part 7: Advanced Audio Coding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-4 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">Part 2: Video</a> <ul><li>based on <a href="/wiki/H.263" title="H.263">H.263</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">Part 3: Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework" title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework">Part 6: DMIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">Part 10: Advanced Video Coding (H.264)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_11" title="MPEG-4 Part 11">Part 11: Scene description</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">Part 12: ISO base media file format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Part 14">Part 14: MP4 file format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_17" title="MPEG-4 Part 17">Part 17: Streaming text format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_20" title="MPEG-4 Part 20">Part 20: LASeR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Font_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Font Format">Part 22: Open Font Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Video_Coding" title="Internet Video Coding">Part 33: Internet Video Coding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-7 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Description_Definition_Language" title="Description Definition Language">Part 2: Description definition language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-21 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Item" title="Digital Item">Parts 2, 3 and 9: Digital Item</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_Expression_Language" title="Rights Expression Language">Part 5: Rights Expression Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-D Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Surround" title="MPEG Surround">Part 1: MPEG Surround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Speech_and_Audio_Coding" title="Unified Speech and Audio Coding">Part 3: Unified Speech and Audio Coding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-G Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 1: Transport and Storage of Genomic Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 2: Coding of Genomic Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 3: APIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 4: Reference Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 5: Conformance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-H Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_media_transport" title="MPEG media transport">Part 1: MPEG media transport</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Part 2: High Efficiency Video Coding (H.265)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">Part 3: MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">Part 12: High Efficiency Image File Format</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-I Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">Part 3: Versatile Video Coding (H.266)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-5 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">Part 1: Essential Video Coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">Part 2: Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" title="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP">MPEG-DASH</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&oldid=1258600452">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Efficiency_Video_Coding&oldid=1258600452</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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