CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135c8470cd6ff8f',cH: 'ngoBGCO4L_.tfPfHLHdB4JTPwbz1hBWFEm3HrIUzZrI-1739795359-1.2.1.1-QH8R3UM6QUT9nd.j_3EV7_npXDqdSr0.CmrUA6Ub1q2c9TwSM1C9F9i2Pr.NPVZa',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Norhayati%20Soin&__cf_chl_tk=3KNCG9p3Bquk5C1Aaydjz_1g5xmLbL1OHA5hImt0W4c-1739795359-1.0.1.1-UYB2dsrDrRgRrw5fj6k1GZ9mKvMNWDSTg6os8JW5Qug",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739795359',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Norhayati%20Soin&__cf_chl_f_tk=3KNCG9p3Bquk5C1Aaydjz_1g5xmLbL1OHA5hImt0W4c-1739795359-1.0.1.1-UYB2dsrDrRgRrw5fj6k1GZ9mKvMNWDSTg6os8JW5Qug",md: "GrhVzI5aYp_r59565KnNJ40mrQU0mPSJogHMGGCbPwA-1739795359-1.2.1.1-VjL_EwLktBnE_NMDBlVPn2I8FOcDN1rcQgx5v.I9KpxfhySgo7tZVZULkZyM1zBZHcrCS0O3BkxbZS7vJfP17.U_Plpt5EQMzU1getASijAlRNT2JttT57QoCiifNz5fmiqqeduOzHiFUaFTkrZJ7DOiuJASrnKmHnZ68uPVIf_AUnQBAIp5HvOuUcWVAPBQ62qC4v7cypgDLWTX6.mhH.gzKDkadJdBT6fUakQOlrD1Bt4bIPt4aqdJp_IDTNRu03SrJU1y2RTDxt33Usgf2xNRjkGXKJ4GW7ya0QZZkE7y8cSMgZ6CVRB9bfTbO6MhJ45P5JwW0Cbav4mofuZtUGIWP0Tmq8zd1L1jF_sUhP46MdCgDEjQ4Vxnqsy7O6RL5g78H92rX3a6tFBBUTubq2ucc78Gqqal5.uw3pVH2f6fJlyxRRH5cZqk53nXrjVnaE8b1XcNOPkuxp76jjErgS99fXmyTX5Zv_RlAw6DTeanSPHwnGePhS8r0SFABrF2zVwofTEr1zM_Yr0wdpowe.BWLeu1av3iF2jcRQtqLvFzsA7SUogzjO7BmYcGgu_cLlRWvH5MvVXMalUfMC8XkSGOtrxoW.4fbLGPpj2Dr74KIuWo7PrurdotFXDsHO1d5FfTuXR6Fw7YTwX.40H_3vz4XS7ClUlxniou37lF4YBZqr0cRufMGpxSe8VyesnRUEOLsuwPrKJJzfrchx4Cw6km5B6Uk.1.PzMZLLdbVuljX5dxyCpzWnKi7KvWB7.n6xfyCg3qw1nMh0a6ArGhBD1811RAnu0VncavVs.N91q6O5v2OZ8biZ86WCAeguCHnxPsSACtSljj.eYRx9cKL7KArAS3EnaoB5Ng4LfGlv.KEa63.NwYZpeYcxmuSTePHzIOAMPNfETjMQthAmxWW54reKfiKscLEMgqz8NJvLKtPNdlaQ3KAaZPmitTCrnKgTHJUZRNKva736w1yO682Wjkkcl6iozLXfzYp_Ejp_6yXaig5kaocLaj4qAF2oTQaxaHFrdZZoa1lGfeHr9q0BlZcZkKj.KwiAl3kQJV3E6HVTtUOKvmv.pSZu.8Lpe_Jr3qbrHYaFvqiW9__14jXqP48hmJ2esh1eYPPzHZxILUhDSwH2FhPG2DJXNIareqCxvtUgzYwR5rW6ShcVULEXpAdWBah3o8oAXLSrWQtIkyZRzdK3bzRSXj7Q7biXg_X7zgKogxPbG2fuEsR9DYwnNAUMrEMEpypOInk1MOiA0fndtyQMZQRwX_RSH43Uf_QukLUEciFfr9557INGUnqOKG8wmndibWX3uLNToxJAkdWrBjBzN7SvL6Yu2EqezhND0gEqd_TEBjEmc_n8W0PEQnp1FtnnQdCFuMXix4gIjyjfaabsUfWF54pXbQm21wBCM9yv.fD2gu2G6R6Nz26jIrMkXl_p7tkhtjcxFfjaV4bGAaV_DjFNSXyifR9VMF_0rVtV2fe80xyCXiFqDn3Qomg1ZRHS_Cmyi2d42qENw0p.DXfcSWVbHw_nVNjn8SxheGlyh9H8g_Ho_SCfAd3mBAVhGT6qx6y8QOoM9E1AgRuyp8x126d9xtfg30oQ_GOrbwVM9467GmXjroJtygYwCvN.DvhmJYuzwkCSL2odgDm5V6qlS8M7vQS1pSGXx81OcuLiyUOuLhidVaMRzA_APBLH4tnD8ZYeqR6cqjT0fL0_Munj3s5JYjhPYx0Gjwch5BiQE3BRD..7ApnI4GXZ8uuLr0CMroz9QsLQpym1tOv8MzuI_sCKtbWCdAay6SP1UIRY2lXfQo0RaJdW5VcaWHf2weNmXbkR.JBj.ihtOhacrsTYB2LXuEq8OcAoYAs5CX.fZIYZYVITTxa4QM3Ui9itTieWbwSwB5bVrDFqnwRRykTTNxo6ZXZQz_5iTHmSuA6bAa0p93KSBIOCcqMMLBjj_PzSN2rxp0h7wFO6s",mdrd: "g8VQc_xf8Bc3FIi.kWC7FXNWw58SJAxusymbfpoVTus-1739795359-1.2.1.1-9ZYoC8KCdgi3TbpYSTCv1pejFeGnxS9CoC5t_jCmdvUVN2YVGeHk6TBAdkiAR1NaNyh.4jE3knWjAAiNghvydkW70PGJgVWXIozJrHHVFMJlfQyMubMOXlbLC6Xu8Scuqb52KynA73._LaZIUMNjMI5oRIckkZTyhKIN_euSUlcq4dsr9Ga8eXeySQvhX_jh1HrRk8O8rRQtkbtylfdEOrk0SecKxsqUadJD6kdeD4PTiHdTLFfKMq5TYp32up353yIP8CVi9Bu7u7ICfxzd9cDN2ounJRBq65DihXl8MqAMzHxpmuCqI1kjc5Ko4gnehEi56LR4sxnzK7660t6DpPISFtxtPQX7kbomcjfIxZ8xecZwW7TDuAJWPDzP9ogdB6ExAlOd.Qrtiemb4dhyA1BtclI0Mu2IlkHtNes3uuArl_OCEZXFHcsc_VT5IP_gvCqOdLMZcTjaR6aG5xWBiACLSAeCvdTRlfPqOHXxLDcXjUHo.xqlW5czqIARFjfWMTei7EkPHTq41eOB7VbqXTsrnru1YCqaVBL1oCGAxAhdKYazJ3tRWiQL5z12ozyD8XG.y.Z1dkKSCjG1bMThim1c5NGcGN6pInz_v6q5NATj0J4sE3_Spp9QHE9tFfZ.0zgLThIChEC_DPdT0a5Yga2ftgaVwEAlbhpLNLq4_y_YS3N_Yx7vBb4LNFY2WLsBSzkgOeWVsXSenzvwcdIktzmyXZ0JmYuD7USRrbkpYqQG1ilhdaPj8W.reOsHhpMDmZU6TUlz8ugHmbjsKy06r7EQJWefWSbXjC8nwaEYYGwj5Dkb2k9p1pD9CxmQDNs8MWpDaIfcADLIdEDxdFm7u3UxKYj.cxnOB_V8x0iiFie3fmB1i.28DOa7Au8Gir8XQJhpWbCJHqxWsFrtzFK97y4Yf_2j8m.r0xyU21ss4zcA1kIipyID8siQKbpPzTPpgqPVpeOUs1BDBexodeElnDvykn9Hq5_mqV9B.lP8kT91RbKwp4NJ0KuPIJV0d6ZuO0hOEEJUvPPU0nBTq6bx2k3X_5nM_mFUaeNU4civIFjIZNa5H9BiLsVS4GrCR.vg9p7H0Bf2ac4P_PSCTEIijlgzvAjIbP4PnvazN4oToJILfigyjJ5HIv72Y8_tjyviKqaDzd6_l6FJ1qNMRnDYqi1fdmorUCJ4Lnf7M_YIAgoTno9NEBfNpmybBBVrkuLZXazBpljDX5pMb1AwAKEDDuqmS7BXHnILNDSMNgSZixhIlgeKovX6oguDt6372YPAzlDwIPJqKKL5SYTA6FZg_0aAoYtKyRYoqQzmtFIHFkaM.4AW8hBatfjAdXXsHN5SiXmOrkAeiydTuxLqpu0BNysfQoJW2B8ALuSUhbbmdwaKss0oc1Ntmhtv6IEtOO9166gvUnm2hVcnjWqYEz17tbRbHKJteREiV9o31SQ6Omrstylev2wy1ltd0uu5Jri_swdb_cDqvklnNwLI2xpnEhL6cCyO35Citnob2vCmMW4iItGqzEWim8tGoxH7yC5pjAhHBL55oaBwE7UUiw.Bi8MvAX9gL24zdLWQHatqIc_z6qw69bbHLgYGO.s.RW73Ulx3axJJbimwdOj6OsVMaUBz13u_hDycO8zTD3prvy1XkTh2S9thhTPw__x7gAHoOIMCp2lw6htR3O53BJ0LkiZHPvSa1JVmIbYwYFsthzH5Rv6KXxa_12KWMR48B.nvKCkgS0x4NvncOGTyFPNWAX6BlaHIMrZoiJnDpYMz9SY8w4tVsfVcMtRMTqPmPw8rN.fkfmfaA.xDr_XBR4PP7ymAOAKwN__UHci26mL1cCTYtgk5YgwNRNR1HzGN0kaZ5rgNV5YGdBjpnJOZRu4AuGf9p3GQOlv.BPzGIzr..gcMh3al.FTS7nkNzlWIw5QTRMYuMlyxqF3wgtFbm7.cni5t4aqDYNWX1Z0JvBCemCiL9MiNJJQ0JqIEVnhlRpW."};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135c8470cd6ff8f';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Norhayati%20Soin&__cf_chl_rt_tk=3KNCG9p3Bquk5C1Aaydjz_1g5xmLbL1OHA5hImt0W4c-1739795359-1.0.1.1-UYB2dsrDrRgRrw5fj6k1GZ9mKvMNWDSTg6os8JW5Qug" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>