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[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Diferents_drets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diferents_drets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Diferents drets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diferents_drets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-«L'aire_de_la_ciutat_allibera»" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#«L'aire_de_la_ciutat_allibera»"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>«L'aire de la ciutat allibera»</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-«L'aire_de_la_ciutat_allibera»-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Simbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Drets de ciutat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 32 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadsregte" title="Stadsregte - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Stadsregte" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadtrecht" title="Stadtrecht - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stadtrecht" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="امتيازات البلدة - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="امتيازات البلدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9Bstsk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Městské právo - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Městské právo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadsret" title="Stadsret - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stadsret" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadtrecht" title="Stadtrecht - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stadtrecht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Προνόμια πόλης - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προνόμια πόλης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_privileges" title="Town privileges - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Town privileges" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urborajto" title="Urborajto - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Urborajto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linna%C3%B5igus" title="Linnaõigus - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Linnaõigus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1" title="امتیاز شهر - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امتیاز شهر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaupunkioikeudet" title="Kaupunkioikeudet - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaupunkioikeudet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privil%C3%A8ge_urbain" title="Privilège urbain - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Privilège urbain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stedsrjocht" title="Stedsrjocht - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stedsrjocht" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8" title="זכויות עיר - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זכויות עיר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradska_prava" title="Gradska prava - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gradska prava" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbala_yuri" title="Urbala yuri - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Urbala yuri" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E6%B3%95" title="都市法 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="都市法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C%EB%B2%95" title="도시법 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도시법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadsrechte" title="Stadsrechte - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Stadsrechte" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadsrechten" title="Stadsrechten - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Stadsrechten" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadsrechten" title="Stadsrechten - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stadsrechten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawa_miejskie" title="Prawa miejskie - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prawa miejskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drept_de_cetate" title="Drept de cetate - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Drept de cetate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Статус города - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Статус города" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradska_prava" title="Gradska prava - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gradska prava" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_privileges" title="Town privileges - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Town privileges" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestsk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo_(s%C3%BAhrn_pr%C3%A1v)" title="Mestské právo (súhrn práv) - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mestské právo (súhrn práv)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestne_pravice" title="Mestne pravice - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mestne pravice" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadsprivilegium" title="Stadsprivilegium - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stadsprivilegium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prziwileje_miasta" title="Prziwileje miasta - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Prziwileje miasta" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%8E%AE%E7%89%B9%E6%AC%8A" title="城鎮特權 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="城鎮特權" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28942#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Drets_de_ciutat" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Drets_de_ciutat&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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dir="ltr"><p><b>Drets de ciutat</b> és el terme global utilitzat a per a designar el conjunt de drets i privilegis atorgat pel <a href="/wiki/Senyor" title="Senyor">senyor</a> <a href="/wiki/Feudalisme" title="Feudalisme">feudal</a> a una <a href="/wiki/Ciutat" title="Ciutat">ciutat</a> a l'edat mitjana. Aquests drets diferien d'una ciutat a l'altra i d'una època a l'altra. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diferents_drets">Diferents drets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drets_de_ciutat&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Diferents drets"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Stadtrechtsurkunde_Flensburgs_von_1284_(The_Town_Charter_of_Flensburg).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Stadtrechtsurkunde_Flensburgs_von_1284_%28The_Town_Charter_of_Flensburg%29.JPG/220px-Stadtrechtsurkunde_Flensburgs_von_1284_%28The_Town_Charter_of_Flensburg%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Stadtrechtsurkunde_Flensburgs_von_1284_%28The_Town_Charter_of_Flensburg%29.JPG/330px-Stadtrechtsurkunde_Flensburgs_von_1284_%28The_Town_Charter_of_Flensburg%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Stadtrechtsurkunde_Flensburgs_von_1284_%28The_Town_Charter_of_Flensburg%29.JPG/440px-Stadtrechtsurkunde_Flensburgs_von_1284_%28The_Town_Charter_of_Flensburg%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Carta de drets de ciutat de <a href="/wiki/Flensburg" title="Flensburg">Flensburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Slesvig-Holstein" title="Slesvig-Holstein">Slesvig-Holstein</a>)</figcaption></figure><p>A la conca mediterrània moltes ciutats romanes van continuar existint sense interrupció o van gaudir de l'organització administrativa dels regnes <a href="/wiki/%C3%80rabs" title="Àrabs">àrabs</a>, i hi ha una continuïtat de drets i deures de les ciutats, que eren anteriors al poder feudal medieval. Ans al contrari a Europa central i septentrional la situació era diferent, com que les infraestructures i l'organització administrativa de les <i>civitates</i> dels <a href="/wiki/Romans" class="mw-redirect" title="Romans">romans</a> van ser devastades durant les anomenades «<a href="/wiki/Invasions_b%C3%A0rbares" title="Invasions bàrbares">invasions bàrbares</a>» o enllà del <a href="/wiki/Rin" title="Rin">Rin</a> mai no havien existit. A l'època feudal, allà els drets de ciutat eren el resultat d'una negociació permanent entre el senyor i el tercer <a href="/wiki/Estament" class="mw-redirect" title="Estament">estament</a> del qual el poder econòmic va créixer i que volia una major autonomia. Podien comprendre, entre d'altres: el dret de construir muralles, de mercat, de peatge, <a href="/wiki/Dret_d%27emmagatzematge" title="Dret d'emmagatzematge">dret d'emmagatzematge</a>, de tenir <a href="/wiki/Burgmestre" title="Burgmestre">burgmestre</a> i jurisdicció propis, de promulgar lleis i reglaments, d'encunyar monedes, d'explotar un port... </p><p>L'autonomia de les ciutats sempre va variar segons l'evolució del poder del govern central (reial, imperial o eclesiàstic) i principalment la riquesa del tercer estament. Negociants rics, com els <a href="/wiki/Fugger" title="Fugger">Fugger</a> a <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a> prestaven diners als sobirans per a pagar les seves guerres i demanaven a canvi més llibertats. Així certes ciutats, per exemple <a href="/wiki/Ven%C3%A8cia" title="Venècia">Venècia</a> o <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> van desenvolupar-se com veritables <a href="/wiki/Ciutat_estat" title="Ciutat estat">ciutats estats</a> quasi independents. Després de l'annexió per <a href="/wiki/Castella" title="Castella">Castella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> va perdre els seus drets de ciutat així com la seva autonomia fiscal i tots els imposts van recaptar-se per la hisenda reial central.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernández_de_Pinedo1985128_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernández_de_Pinedo1985128-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Als països annexats durant la <a href="/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3_francesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolució francesa">revolució francesa</a> i l'imperi napoleònic, tots els drets i privilegis medievals van ser abolits i reemplaçats pel <a href="/wiki/Codi_Civil_Franc%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Codi Civil Francès">codi civil francès</a> que segons el segon terme del lema revolucionari <a href="/wiki/Llibertat,_igualtat,_fraternitat" title="Llibertat, igualtat, fraternitat">llibertat, igualtat, fraternitat</a>, hauria de ser igual per a tothom. Tot i la paraula ciutat va ser substituïda pel neologisme municipi o comuna, que era el mateix per a totes les entitats administratives, siguin rurals o urbanes. </p><p>En l'actualitat a la majoria dels països, el títol de «ciutat» és un títol honorífic i s'aplica el dret <a href="/wiki/Municipi" title="Municipi">municipal</a> a totes les entitats administratives. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="«L'aire_de_la_ciutat_allibera»"><span id=".C2.ABL.27aire_de_la_ciutat_allibera.C2.BB"></span>«L'aire de la ciutat allibera»</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drets_de_ciutat&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: «L'aire de la ciutat allibera»"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La dita «l'aire de la ciutat allibera» comuna al <a href="/wiki/Sacre_Imperi_Romanogerm%C3%A0nic" title="Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic">Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic</a> i a les <a href="/wiki/Disset_Prov%C3%ADncies" title="Disset Províncies">Disset Províncies</a> expressava la llibertat, sigui econòmica, intel·lectual o moral més gran a les ciutats. Igualment expressa el dret de costum que acceptava que un senyor perdia tots els drets sobre un <a href="/wiki/Serf" title="Serf">serf</a>, si aquest havia viscut un any i un dia dins les muralles d'una ciutat.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquesta llibertat romania nogensmenys relativa, encara que l'alliberat pogués emancipar-se del seu senyor, no obtenia tots els drets i llibertats dels burgesos. Sovint feia part d'un <a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">proletariat</a> que encara no en tenia el nom.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Simbols">Simbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drets_de_ciutat&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Simbols"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La burgesia de les ciutats era molt orgullosa de les llibertats aconseguides amb molts esforços i costs. Als comtats d'<a href="/wiki/Comtat_d%27Hainaut" title="Comtat d'Hainaut">Hainaut</a> i de <a href="/wiki/Comtat_de_Flandes" title="Comtat de Flandes">Flandes</a> les <a href="/wiki/Carta_(diplom%C3%A0cia)" title="Carta (diplomàcia)">cartes</a> dels llibertats solien conservar-se a un edifici construït <i><a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">ad hoc</a></i>, anomenat <a href="/wiki/Belfort_(talaia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belfort (talaia)">belfort</a>, que eren edificis prestigiosos com a símbol del poder de la burgesia faç als dos altres estaments. Al <a href="/wiki/Principat_de_Lieja" title="Principat de Lieja">Principat de Lieja</a>, l'atorgament de drets de ciutat implicava el dret d'erigir un monument típic, el <a href="/wiki/Perron" title="Perron">perron</a>, amb entre altres elements, les lletres LG que signifiquent <i>Lliure Gent.</i> A les ciutats italianes, la «torre cívica» tenia aquesta funció. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Trento-Torre_civica.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Torre cívica de Trento"><img alt="Torre cívica de Trento" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Trento-Torre_civica.jpg/86px-Trento-Torre_civica.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Trento-Torre_civica.jpg/129px-Trento-Torre_civica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Trento-Torre_civica.jpg/172px-Trento-Torre_civica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2376" data-file-height="3308" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Torre cívica de <a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Belfort de Nieuwpoort"><img alt="Belfort de Nieuwpoort" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort.png/73px-Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort.png/110px-Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort.png/147px-Nieuwpoort_-_Belfort.png 2x" data-file-width="2105" data-file-height="3431" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Belfort_(talaia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belfort (talaia)">Belfort</a> de <a href="/wiki/Nieuwpoort" title="Nieuwpoort">Nieuwpoort</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Blason_liege.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="El perron a l'escut de la ciutat de Lieja"><img alt="El perron a l'escut de la ciutat de Lieja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Blason_liege.svg/109px-Blason_liege.svg.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Blason_liege.svg/164px-Blason_liege.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Blason_liege.svg/218px-Blason_liege.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">El <a href="/wiki/Perron" title="Perron">perron</a> a l'escut de la ciutat de <a href="/wiki/Lieja" title="Lieja">Lieja</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drets_de_ciutat&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFFernández_de_Pinedo1985"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Fernández de Pinedo</span>, E «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raco.cat/index.php/Recerques/article/view/137626">Els ingressos de la hisenda reial a Catalunya (1717-1779)</a>». <i><a href="/wiki/Recerques:_hist%C3%B2ria,_economia,_cultura" class="mw-redirect" title="Recerques: història, economia, cultura">Recerques: història, economia, cultura</a></i>, 17, 1985, p. 125-139 [Consulta: 30 abril 2014].</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drets_de_ciutat&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dret_a_la_ciutat" title="Dret a la ciutat">Dret a la ciutat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drets_de_ciutat&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFernández_de_Pinedo1985128-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernández_de_Pinedo1985128_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFernández_de_Pinedo1985">Fernández de Pinedo, 1985</a>, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDenslagen2001"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Denslagen</span>, Wim. «Het stadsbestuur tussen 1350 en 1795». A: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/dens002goud01_01/dens002goud01_01_0009.php"><i>Gouda</i></a> (en neerlandès).  Zwolle: Waanders, 2001, p. 79 [Consulta: 30 abril 2014].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gouda&rft.atitle=Het+stadsbestuur+tussen+1350+en+1795&rft.aulast=Denslagen&rft.aufirst=Wim&rft.date=2001&rft.pub=Waanders&rft.place=Zwolle&rft.pages=79&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dbnl.org%2Ftekst%2Fdens002goud01_01%2Fdens002goud01_01_0009.php"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMitteis1976"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mitteis</span>, Heinrich. «Über den Rechtsgrund des Satzes „Stadtluft macht frei“ (Sobre la significació jurídica de l'expressió 'L'aire de la ciutat allibera'». A: Carl Haase. <i>Die Stadt des Mittelalters (La ciutat medieval)</i> (en alemany). 2.  Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1976, p. 342–358. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/3-534-04680-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/3-534-04680-3">ISBN 3-534-04680-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Stadt+des+Mittelalters+%28La+ciutat+medieval%29&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cber+den+Rechtsgrund+des+Satzes+%E2%80%9EStadtluft+macht+frei%E2%80%9C+%28Sobre+la+significaci%C3%B3+jur%C3%ADdica+de+l%27expressi%C3%B3+%27L%27aire+de+la+ciutat+allibera%27&rft.aulast=Mitteis&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rft.date=1976&rft.pub=Wissenschaftliche+Buchgesellschaft&rft.place=Darmstadt&rft.pages=342%E2%80%93358&rft.isbn=3-534-04680-3"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4125683-9">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Txeca" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la República Txeca">NKC</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph123109&CON_LNG=ENG">1</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bases d'informació</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diccionari_Hist%C3%B2ric_de_Su%C3%AFssa" title="Diccionari Històric de Suïssa">HDS</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/008950">1</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drets_de_ciutat&oldid=34645766">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drets_de_ciutat&oldid=34645766</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Hist%C3%B2ria_del_dret" title="Categoria:Història del dret">Història del dret</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Edat_mitjana" title="Categoria:Edat mitjana">Edat mitjana</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoria oculta: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Control_d%27autoritats" title="Categoria:Control d'autoritats">Control d'autoritats</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La pàgina va ser modificada per darrera vegada el 21 feb 2025 a les 18:01.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">El text està disponible sota la <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Text_de_la_llic%C3%A8ncia_de_Creative_Commons_Reconeixement-Compartir_Igual_4.0_No_adaptada" title="Viquipèdia:Text de la llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement-Compartir Igual 4.0 No adaptada"> Llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement i Compartir-Igual</a>; es poden aplicar termes addicionals. 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