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Al-zabidi</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Ayoub Al-zabidi"> <meta name="keywords" content="Ayoub Al-zabidi"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Ayoub Al-zabidi"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 48</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Ayoub Al-zabidi</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Environmental Pollution Impact on Lung Functions and Cognitive Functions Among School Adolescence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sultan%20Ayoub%20Meo">Sultan Ayoub Meo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental pollution is a highly challenging global concern of the 21st century and is a major cause of various communicable and non-communicable diseases. We investigate the impact of air pollution on "lung function, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and cognitive function"in a group of one hundred young students studying in a traffic-polluted school. The students wereselected based on their age, gender, height, weight, and ethnicity. After the clinical history, one hundred students were recruited from the schoolnear and away from the polluted areas. The lung and cognitive functions were recorded. The results revealed that lung and cognitive function parameters were reduced in groups of students studying in a school located in a traffic-polluted area compared to thosestudying in a schoolsituated away from the traffic-polluted area. Environmental pollution impairs students' lung and cognitive functions studying in schools located within traffic-polluted areas. The health officials and policymakers establish strategies to minimize environmental pollution and its allied health hazards. Prof. Sultan Ayoub Meo, MD, Ph.D Professor, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia Email. <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="a2d1d7ced6c3cccfc7cde2cacdd6cfc3cbce8cc1cdcf">[email protected]</a> / <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="60130d050f200b13154e0504154e1301">[email protected]</a> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20pOllution" title="environmental pOllution">environmental pOllution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20physiology" title=" lung physiology"> lung physiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20functions" title=" cognitive functions"> cognitive functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title=" air pollution"> air pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151044/environmental-pollution-impact-on-lung-functions-and-cognitive-functions-among-school-adolescence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Detection and Tracking Approach Using an Automotive Radar to Increase Active Pedestrian Safety</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Heuer">Michael Heuer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Al-Hamadi"> Ayoub Al-Hamadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Rain"> Alexander Rain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marc-Michael%20Meinecke"> Marc-Michael Meinecke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vulnerable road users, e.g. pedestrians, have a high impact on fatal accident numbers. To reduce these statistics, car manufactures are intensively developing suitable safety systems. Hereby, fast and reliable environment recognition is a major challenge. In this paper we describe a tracking approach that is only based on a 24 GHz radar sensor. While common radar signal processing loses much information, we make use of a track-before-detect filter to incorporate raw measurements. It is explained how the Range-Doppler spectrum can help to indicated pedestrians and stabilize tracking even in occultation scenarios compared to sensors in series. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radar" title="radar">radar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian%20detection" title=" pedestrian detection"> pedestrian detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20safety" title=" active safety"> active safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6539/detection-and-tracking-approach-using-an-automotive-radar-to-increase-active-pedestrian-safety" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Social Information Seeking: Studying the Effect of Question Type on Responses in Social Q&A Sites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshia%20Ayoub">Arshia Ayoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahid%20Ashraf%20Wani"> Zahid Ashraf Wani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the introduction of online social Q&A sites, people are able to reach each other efficiently for information seeking and simultaneously creating social bonds. There prevails an issue of low or no response for some questions posed by an information seeker on these sites. So this study tries to understand the effect of question type on responses in Social Q & A sites. The study found that among the answered queries, majority of them were answered within 24 hours of posting the questions and surprisingly most replies were received within one hour of posting. It was observed that questions of general information type were most likely to be answered followed by verification type. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%E2%80%90based%20services" title="community‐based services">community‐based services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20seeking" title=" information seeking"> information seeking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20search" title=" social search"> social search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20Q%26A%20site" title=" social Q&A site"> social Q&A site</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146095/social-information-seeking-studying-the-effect-of-question-type-on-responses-in-social-qa-sites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Mineralogical Characterization and Petrographic Classification of the Soil of Casablanca City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Fahi">I. Fahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Remmal"> T. Remmal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20El%20Kamel"> F. El Kamel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Ayoub"> B. Ayoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The treatment of the geotechnical database of the region of Casablanca was difficult to achieve due to the heterogeneity of the nomenclature of the lithological formations composing its soil. It appears necessary to harmonize the nomenclature of the facies and to produce cartographic documents useful for construction projects and studies before any investment program. To achieve this, more than 600 surveys made by the Public Laboratory for Testing and Studies (LPEE) in the agglomeration of Casablanca, were studied. Moreover, some local observations were made in different places of the metropolis. Each survey was the subject of a sheet containing lithological succession, macro and microscopic description of petrographic facies with photographic illustration, as well as measurements of geomechanical tests. In addition, an X-ray diffraction analysis was made in order to characterize the surficial formations of the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guidebook" title=" guidebook"> guidebook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrography" title=" petrography"> petrography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64065/mineralogical-characterization-and-petrographic-classification-of-the-soil-of-casablanca-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Modeling Thin Shell Structures by a New Flat Shell Finite Element</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamal%20Hamadi">Djamal Hamadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraf%20Ayoub"> Ashraf Ayoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ounis%20Abdelhafid"> Ounis Abdelhafid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chebili%20Rachid"> Chebili Rachid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new computationally-efficient rectangular flat shell finite element named 'ACM_RSBEC' is presented. The formulated element is obtained by superposition of a new rectangular membrane element 'RSBEC' based on the strain approach and the well known plate bending element 'ACM'. This element can be used for the analysis of thin shell structures, no matter how the geometrical shape might be. Tests on standard problems have been examined. The convergence of the new formulated element is also compared to other types of quadrilateral shell elements. The presented shell element ‘ACM_RSBEC’ has been demonstrated to be effective and useful in analysing thin shell structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title="finite element">finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20shell%20element" title=" flat shell element"> flat shell element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20based%20approach" title=" strain based approach"> strain based approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20condensation" title=" static condensation"> static condensation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3307/modeling-thin-shell-structures-by-a-new-flat-shell-finite-element" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Investigating the Difference in Stability of Various Isomeric Hydrogen Bonded Dimers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ayoub">Mohamed Ayoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The structures and energetics of various isomeric hydrogen bonded dimers, such as (FH…OC, FH…CO), (FH…CNH, FH…NCH), (FH…N2O, FH…ON2), and (FH…NHCO, FH…OCNH) have been investigated using DFT B3LYP with aug-cc-pVTZ basis set and by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. For each isomeric pair we calculated: H-bond energy (ΔEB…H), charge-transfer (QCT), where B is atom bearing lone-pairs in CO, CNH, NCH, N2O, and NHCO, H-bond distances (RB…H), the elongation of HF bond (ΔRHF) and the red-shift of HF stretching frequency (ΔVHF). We conclude that the principle difference in the relative stability between each isomeric pair is attributed to distinctive interaction of carbon and oxygen lone pairs of CO, carbon and nitrogen lone-pairs of CNH and NCH, and nitrogen and oxygen lone pairs of N2O and NHCO into the unfilled antibond on HF (σ*HF). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20transfer" title="charge transfer">charge transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20chemistry" title=" computational chemistry"> computational chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isomeric%20hydrogen%20bond" title=" isomeric hydrogen bond"> isomeric hydrogen bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20bond%20orbital" title=" natural bond orbital "> natural bond orbital </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37558/investigating-the-difference-in-stability-of-various-isomeric-hydrogen-bonded-dimers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Multitasking Trends and Impact on Education: A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Alkahtani">Mohammed Alkahtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ahmad"> Ali Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saber%20Darmoul"> Saber Darmoul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shatha%20Samman"> Shatha Samman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Al-zabidi"> Ayoub Al-zabidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Ba%20Matraf"> Khaled Ba Matraf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Education systems are complex and involve interactions between humans (teachers and students); media based technologies, lectures, classrooms, etc. to provide educational services. The education system performance is characterized by how well students learn, which is measured using student grades on exams and quizzes, achievements on standardized tests, among others. Advances in portable communications technologies, such as mobile phones, tablets, and laptops, created a different type of classroom, where students seem to engage in more than just the intended learning activities. The performance of more than one task in parallel or in rapid transition is commonly known as multitasking. Several operations in educational systems are performed simultaneously, resulting in a multitasking education environment. This paper surveys existing research on multitasking in educational settings, summarizes literature findings, provides a synthesis of the impact of multitasking on performance, and identifies directions of future research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multitasking" title="multitasking">multitasking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20environment" title=" education environment"> education environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47201/multitasking-trends-and-impact-on-education-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Test of Biological Control against Date Moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) by Spinosad</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadjeb%20Ayoub">Hadjeb Ayoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehaoua%20Med%20Seghir"> Mehaoua Med Seghir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouakid%20M.%20Laid"> Ouakid M. Laid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, chemical control is the only means used to control populations of the date moth (Ectomyelois ceratoniae) which is the most important and dangerous pest to palm groves in Algeria, conventional insecticides act faster, but their main drawback is it can’t be destroyed or degraded. In this context we conducted our work to explore the insecticidal activity of Spinpsad which is a bio-pesticide on the larval stages of Ectomyelois ceratoniae. The study of the effect of Spinosad on the mortality of different larval stages revealed that the doses used were significantly and positively correlated with mortality adjusted for different durations of exposure of larvae bio- pesticide. Lowest corrected mortality was observed in a short time and lethal in older larvae treated with the lowest concentration. While the higher mortality was observed in a longer duration of exposure in younger instars treated with the highest concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ectomyelois%20ceratoniae" title="Ectomyelois ceratoniae">Ectomyelois ceratoniae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=date%20palm" title=" date palm"> date palm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spinosad" title=" Spinosad"> Spinosad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20control" title=" biological control"> biological control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicology" title=" toxicology"> toxicology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16591/test-of-biological-control-against-date-moth-ectomyelois-ceratoniae-zeller-lepidoptera-pyralidae-by-spinosad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> From 'Tabung Haji' to Fully Islamic Bank: Analysis of the Twenty Years of Creating Alternative Banking System in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maulana%20Ayoub%20Ali">Maulana Ayoub Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Malayan Pilgrims Savings Corporation was introduced in 1963. Six years later, Malaysian Pilgrims Fund Board (Tabung Haji) was formed. The board used to collect funds from pilgrims who expected to perform pilgrimage in the future dates. Money was collected and kept as per given rules and procedures emanated from Islamic sources of law. Twenty years later, the country was ready to run a fully fledged Islamic bank where the Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB) came into existence in the year 1983. This paper investigates stages of development of Islamic banking system in Malaysia from 1983 to date. This study discovered that Malaysia had enough time to make Islamic banking system works alongside conventional banking system and for sure, has successfully managed to come up with the comprehensive and workable financial system which accommodates both the conventional and Islamic banking. As a result, Malaysia stands to be the hub of Islamic banking products and services in the world today. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tabung%20Haji" title="Tabung Haji">Tabung Haji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20Banks" title=" Islamic Banks"> Islamic Banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20law" title=" conventional law"> conventional law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49068/from-tabung-haji-to-fully-islamic-bank-analysis-of-the-twenty-years-of-creating-alternative-banking-system-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Origin of Hydrogen Bonding: Natural Bond Orbital Electron Donor-Acceptor Interactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ayoub">Mohamed Ayoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We perform computational investigation using density functional theory, B3LYP with aug-cc-pVTZ basis set followed by natural bond orbital analysis (NBO), which provides best single “natural Lewis structure” (NLS) representation of chosen wavefunction (Ψ) with natural resonance theory (NRT) to provide an analysis of molecular electron density in terms of resonance structures (RS) and weights (w). We selected for the study a wide range of gas phase dimers (B…HA), with hydrogen bond dissociation energies (ΔEB…H) that span more than two orders of magnitude. We demonstrate that charge transfer from a donor Lewis-type NBO (nB:) to an acceptor non-Lewis-type NBO (σHA*) is the primary cause for H-bonding not classical electrostatic (dipole-dipole or ionic). We provide a variety of structure, and spectroscopic descriptors to support the conclusion, such as IR frequency shift (ΔνHA), H-bond penetration distance (ΔRB..H), bond order (bB..H), charge-transfer (CTB→HA) and the corresponding donor-acceptor stabilization energy (ΔE(2)). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20bond%20orbital" title="natural bond orbital">natural bond orbital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20bonding" title=" hydrogen bonding"> hydrogen bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20donor" title=" electron donor"> electron donor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20acceptor" title=" electron acceptor"> electron acceptor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17444/origin-of-hydrogen-bonding-natural-bond-orbital-electron-donor-acceptor-interactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> A Statistical Energy Analysis Model of an Automobile for the Prediction of the Internal Sound Pressure Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Korchi%20Ayoub">El Korchi Ayoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cherif%20Raef"> Cherif Raef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interior noise in vehicles is an essential factor affecting occupant comfort. Over recent decades, much work has been done to develop simulation tools for vehicle NVH. At the medium high-frequency range, the statistical energy analysis method (SEA) shows significant effectiveness in predicting noise and vibration responses of mechanical systems. In this paper, the evaluation of the sound pressure level (SPL) inside an automobile cabin has been performed numerically using the statistical energy analysis (SEA) method. A test car cabin was performed using a monopole source as a sound source. The decay rate method was employed to obtain the damping loss factor (DLF) of each subsystem of the developed SEA model. These parameters were then used to predict the sound pressure level in the interior cabin. The results show satisfactory agreement with the directly measured SPL. The developed SEA vehicle model can be used in early design phases and allows the engineer to identify sources contributing to the total noise and transmission paths. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEA" title="SEA">SEA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPL" title=" SPL"> SPL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DLF" title=" DLF"> DLF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NVH" title=" NVH"> NVH</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166408/a-statistical-energy-analysis-model-of-an-automobile-for-the-prediction-of-the-internal-sound-pressure-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> High Temperature Behaviour of Various Limestone Used in Heritage Buildings at Material and Block Scales</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Daoudi">Ayoub Daoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Eslami"> Javad Eslami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne-Lise%20Beaucour"> Anne-Lise Beaucour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Vigroux"> Martin Vigroux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albert%20Noumow%C3%A9"> Albert Noumowé</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a fact, many cultural heritage masonry buildings have undergone violent fires during their history. In order to investigate the high temperature behaviour of stone masonry, six French limestones were heated to 600 °C at a rate of 9 °C/min. The main focus is the comparison between the high temperature behaviour of stones at the material and at the structural scale. In order to evaluate the risk of spalling, the tests have been carried out on the stone blocks (12x30x30 cm) instrumented with thermocouples and subjected to an unidirectional heating on one face. Thereafter, visual assessments and non-destructive measurements (dynamic elastic modulus) performed on blocks demonstrate a different behaviour from what was observed at the material scale. Finally, a series of thermo-mechanical computations, using finite element method, allowed us to highlight the difference between the behaviour of stones at material and block scales. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limestones" title="limestones">limestones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hight%20temperature%20behaviour" title=" hight temperature behaviour"> hight temperature behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title=" damage"> damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo-mechanical%20modeling" title=" thermo-mechanical modeling"> thermo-mechanical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20and%20blocks%20scales" title=" material and blocks scales"> material and blocks scales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20change" title=" color change"> color change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143929/high-temperature-behaviour-of-various-limestone-used-in-heritage-buildings-at-material-and-block-scales" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> The Use of Hec Ras One-Dimensional Model and Geophysics for the Determination of Flood Zones</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20El%20Bourtali">Ayoub El Bourtali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdessamed%20Najine"> Abdessamed Najine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amrou%20Moussa%20Benmoussa"> Amrou Moussa Benmoussa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is becoming more and more necessary to manage flood risk, and it must include all stakeholders and all possible means available. The goal of this work is to map the vulnerability of the Oued Derna-region Tagzirt flood zone in the semi-arid region. This is about implementing predictive models and flood control. This allows for the development of flood risk prevention plans. In this study, A resistivity survey was conducted over the area to locate and evaluate soil characteristics in order to calculate discharges and prevent flooding for the study area. The development of a one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic model of the Derna River was carried out in HEC-RAS 5.0.4 using a combination of survey data and spatially extracted cross-sections and recorded river flows. The study area was hit by several extreme floods, causing a lot of property loss and loss of life. This research focuses on the most recent flood events, based on the collected data, the water level, river flow and river cross-section were analyzed. A set of flood levels were obtained as the outputs of the hydraulic model and the accuracy of the simulated flood levels and velocity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=derna%20river" title="derna river">derna river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1D%20hydrodynamic%20model" title=" 1D hydrodynamic model"> 1D hydrodynamic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20modelling" title=" flood modelling"> flood modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEC-RAS%205.0.4" title=" HEC-RAS 5.0.4"> HEC-RAS 5.0.4</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139595/the-use-of-hec-ras-one-dimensional-model-and-geophysics-for-the-determination-of-flood-zones" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Survival of Islamic Banking Services in Tanzania: A Quick Survey on Conflicting Legal Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Ali%20Maulana">Ayoub Ali Maulana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> “The success and sustainability of an Islamic finance system depends on the ability to establish a comprehensive legal and regulatory framework that supports synergy amongst the components in the system”. Numbers of banks have introduced Islamic banking windows claiming that their products follow Islamic banking values without any compromise. National Bank of Commerce Limited, Stanbic Bank Limited, Kenya Commercial Bank, The Peoples Bank of Zanzibar and Amana Bank Limited are some of the banks which offer Islamic banking products in Tanzania. To date, there is no single provision in Tanzanian laws that speak of Islamic banking activities in the country. Despite the fact that consultancy commissioned to International Monetary Fund (IMF) to research on the best laws to govern Islamic banking industry in the country, the speed is not encouraging in making sure that the same is introduced as soon as possible. This paper highlights the trend of the banking services in Tanzania and examines the application of Islamic banking system in the Tanzanian conventional banking environment. In particular the paper considers whether the Islamic banking services in Tanzania can survive without an appropriate legal framework that accommodates it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20banks" title="islamic banks">islamic banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interest" title=" interest"> interest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20windows" title=" islamic windows"> islamic windows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanzania" title=" Tanzania"> Tanzania</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31769/survival-of-islamic-banking-services-in-tanzania-a-quick-survey-on-conflicting-legal-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil over Mg-Al Modified K-10 Clay Catalyst </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ayoub">Muhammad Ayoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abrar%20Inayat"> Abrar Inayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhajan%20Lal"> Bhajan Lal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sintayehu%20Mekuria%20Hailegiorgis"> Sintayehu Mekuria Hailegiorgis </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biodiesel which comes from pure renewable resources provide an alternative fuel option for future because of limited fossil fuel resources as well as environmental concerns. The transesteriﬁcation of vegetable oils for biodiesel production is a promising process to overcome this future crises of energy. The use of heterogeneous catalysts greatly simpliﬁes the technological process by facilitating the separation of the post-reaction mixture. The purpose of the present work was to examine a heterogeneous catalyst, in particular, Mg-Al modified K-10 clay, to produce methyl esters of palm oil. The prepared catalyst was well characterized by different latest techniques. In this study, the transesteriﬁcation of palm oil with methanol was studied in a heterogeneous system in the presence of Mg-Al modified K-10 clay as solid base catalyst and then optimized these results with the help of Design of Experiments software. The results showed that methanol is the best alcohol for this reaction condition. The best results was achieved for optimization of biodiesel process. The maximum conversion of triglyceride (88%) was noted after 8 h of reaction at 60 ̊C, with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to palm oil and 3 wt % of prepared catalyst. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil" title="palm oil">palm oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transestrefication" title=" transestrefication"> transestrefication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesoporous%20clay" title=" mesoporous clay"> mesoporous clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K-10" title=" K-10 "> K-10 </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19354/optimization-of-biodiesel-production-from-palm-oil-over-mg-al-modified-k-10-clay-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Development a Battery of Measurements to Assess Giftedness Initiatives in Light of the Objectives of Saudi Arabia's Future Vision of Gifted Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20M.%20Al%20Qahtani">Saeed M. Al Qahtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Eldin%20A.%20Ayoub"> Alaa Eldin A. Ayoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aimed to develop a battery of measures to assessment gifted initiatives in Saudi Arabia. The battery consisted of 17 measures developed in light of Saudi Arabia's future vision objectives for gifted education. A battery was applied to 193 gifted students who benefit from gifted initiatives and programs, 42 teachers of gifted as well as, 40 experts of gifted. Samples were taken from three main regions: Riyadh, Sharqia, Gharbia in Saudi Arabia. The results indicated that battery measures have a reliability and stability index ranging from 0.6 to 0.87. Besides that, results showed that the educational environment lacks many basic components such as facilities, laboratories, and activities that may stimulate creativity and innovation. Furthermore, results showed that there is a weakness in private sector involvement in the construction of educational buildings, special centers for gifted people and the provision of certain facilities that support talented programs. The recommendations of the study indicate the need for the private sector participation in the provision of services and projects for the care of gifted students in Saudi Arabia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20of%20measures" title="battery of measures">battery of measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gifted%20care%20initiatives" title=" gifted care initiatives"> gifted care initiatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20future%20vision" title=" Saudi future vision"> Saudi future vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gifted%20student" title=" gifted student"> gifted student</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99796/development-a-battery-of-measurements-to-assess-giftedness-initiatives-in-light-of-the-objectives-of-saudi-arabias-future-vision-of-gifted-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Evaluating the Topsoil and Subsoil Physical Quality Using Relative Bulk Density in Urmia Plain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Asgarzadeh">Hossein Asgarzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Osmani"> Ayoub Osmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farrokh%20Asadzadeh"> Farrokh Asadzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Mosaddeghi"> Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to evaluate the topsoil and subsoil physical quality using relative bulk density (RBD) in Urmia plain in Iran. Undisturbed samples were collected from two layers (topsoil and subsoil) of thirty agricultural soils. Categories of 0.72 ≥ RBD (low degree of compactness), 0.82 > RBD > 0.72 (moderate/optimum degree of compactness), and RBD ≥ 0.82 (high degree of compactness) were used to evaluate soil physical quality (SPQ). Two topsoils had a low degree of compactness, fourteen topsoils had an optimum degree of compactness, and the rest (i.e., fourteen topsoils) had a high degree of compactness. Only one subsoil had an optimum degree of compactness, and twenty-eight subsoils (i.e., 93%) had a high degree of compactness, indicating poor SPQ of the subsoil layer in the studied region. It seems that conventional tillage in the past decades destroyed the pore system in the majority of studied subsoils. The high degree of compactness would reduce soil aeration and increase soil penetration resistance which could restrict root and plant growth. Conversely, a low degree of soil compactness is expected to reduce the root-soil contact. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compactness" title="compactness">compactness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20bulk%20density" title=" relative bulk density"> relative bulk density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20physical%20quality" title=" soil physical quality"> soil physical quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151658/evaluating-the-topsoil-and-subsoil-physical-quality-using-relative-bulk-density-in-urmia-plain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151658.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Assessing the Pre-Service and In-Service Teachers’ Continuation of Use of Technology After Participation in Professional Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Kafyulilo">Ayoub Kafyulilo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petra%20Fisser"> Petra Fisser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joke%20Voogt"> Joke Voogt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to assess the continuation of the use of technology in science and mathematics teaching of the pre-service and in-service teachers who attended the professional development programme. It also assessed professional development, personal, institutional, and technological factors contributing to the continuous use of technology in teaching. The study involved 42 teachers, thirteen pre-service teachers, and twenty-nine in-service teachers. A mixed-method research approach was used to collect data for this study. Findings showed that the continuous use of technology in teaching after the termination of the professional development arrangement was high among the pre-service teachers, and differed for the in-service teachers. The regression model showed that knowledge and skills, access to technology and ease of use were strong predictors (R2 = 55.3%) of the teachers’ continuous use of technology after the professional development arrangement. The professional development factor did not have a direct effect on the continuous use of technology, rather had an influence on personal factors (knowledge and skills). In turn, the personal factors had influence on the institutional factors (access to technology) and technological factors (ease of use), which together had an effect on the teachers’ continuous use of technology in teaching. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title="technology">technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20development" title=" professional development"> professional development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers" title=" teachers"> teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20and%20mathematics" title=" science and mathematics"> science and mathematics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119359/assessing-the-pre-service-and-in-service-teachers-continuation-of-use-of-technology-after-participation-in-professional-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Spectrum Allocation Using Cognitive Radio in Wireless Mesh Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Alsarhan">Ayoub Alsarhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Otoom"> Ahmed Otoom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousef%20Kilani"> Yousef Kilani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdel-Rahman%20al-GHuwairi"> Abdel-Rahman al-GHuwairi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged recently to improve internet access and other networking services. WMNs provide network access to the clients and other networking functions such as routing, and packet forwarding. Spectrum scarcity is the main challenge that limits the performance of WMNs. Cognitive radio is proposed to solve spectrum scarcity problem. In this paper, we consider a cognitive wireless mesh network where unlicensed users (secondary users, SUs) can access free spectrum that is allocated to spectrum owners (primary users, PUs). Although considerable research has been conducted on spectrum allocation, spectrum assignment is still considered an important challenging problem. This problem can be solved using cognitive radio technology that allows SUs to intelligently locate free bands and access them without interfering with PUs. Our scheme considers several heuristics for spectrum allocation. These heuristics include: channel error rate, PUs activities, channel capacity and channel switching time. Performance evaluation of the proposed scheme shows that the scheme is able to allocate the unused spectrum for SUs efficiently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20radio" title="cognitive radio">cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20spectrum%20access" title=" dynamic spectrum access"> dynamic spectrum access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrum%20management" title=" spectrum management"> spectrum management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrum%20sharing" title=" spectrum sharing"> spectrum sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20mesh%20networks" title=" wireless mesh networks"> wireless mesh networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12925/spectrum-allocation-using-cognitive-radio-in-wireless-mesh-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Giftedness Cloud Model: A Psychological and Ecological Vision of Giftedness Concept</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rimeyah%20H.%20S.%20Almutairi">Rimeyah H. S. Almutairi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Eldin%20A.%20Ayoub"> Alaa Eldin A. Ayoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to identify empirical and theoretical studies that explored giftedness theories and identification. In order to assess and synthesize the mechanisms, outcomes, and impacts of gifted identification models. Thus, we sought to provide an evidence-informed answer to how does current giftedness theories work and effectiveness. In order to develop a model that incorporates the advantages of existing models and avoids their disadvantages as much as possible. We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR). The disciplined analysis resulted in a final sample consisting of 30 appropriate searches. The results indicated that: (a) there is no uniform and consistent definition of Giftedness; (b) researchers are using several non-consistent criteria to detect gifted, and (d) The detection of talent is largely limited to early ages, and there is obvious neglect of adults. This study contributes to the development of Giftedness Cloud Model (GCM) which defined as a model that attempts to interpretation giftedness within an interactive psychological and ecological framework. GCM aims to help a talented to reach giftedness core and manifestation talent in creative productivity or invention. Besides that, GCM suggests classifying giftedness into four levels of mastery, excellence, creative productivity, and manifestation. In addition, GCM presents an idea to distinguish between talent and giftedness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=giftedness%20cloud%20model" title="giftedness cloud model">giftedness cloud model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=talent" title=" talent"> talent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20literature%20review" title=" systematic literature review"> systematic literature review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=giftedness%20concept" title=" giftedness concept"> giftedness concept</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99737/giftedness-cloud-model-a-psychological-and-ecological-vision-of-giftedness-concept" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> A Unified Constitutive Model for the Thermoplastic/Elastomeric-Like Cyclic Response of Polyethylene with Different Crystal Contents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Baqqal">A. Baqqal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Abduhamid"> O. Abduhamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Abdul-Hameed"> H. Abdul-Hameed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Messager"> T. Messager</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Ayoub"> G. Ayoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this contribution, the effect of crystal content on the cyclic response of semi-crystalline polyethylene is studied over a large strain range. Experimental observations on a high-density polyethylene with 72% crystal content and an ultralow density polyethylene with 15% crystal content are reported. The cyclic stretching does appear a thermoplastic-like response for high crystallinity and an elastomeric-like response for low crystallinity, both characterized by a stress-softening, a hysteresis and a residual strain, whose amount depends on the crystallinity and the applied strain. Based on the experimental observations, a unified viscoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive model capturing the polyethylene cyclic response features is proposed. A two-phase representation of the polyethylene microstructure allows taking into consideration the effective contribution of the crystalline and amorphous phases to the intermolecular resistance to deformation which is coupled, to capture the strain hardening, to a resistance to molecular orientation. The polyethylene cyclic response features are captured by introducing evolution laws for the model parameters affected by the microstructure alteration due to the cyclic stretching. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20loading%20unloading" title="cyclic loading unloading">cyclic loading unloading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene" title=" polyethylene"> polyethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-crystalline%20polymer" title=" semi-crystalline polymer"> semi-crystalline polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscoelastic-viscoplastic%20constitutive%20model" title=" viscoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive model"> viscoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80248/a-unified-constitutive-model-for-the-thermoplasticelastomeric-like-cyclic-response-of-polyethylene-with-different-crystal-contents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80248.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> In vitro Susceptibility of Madurella mycetomatis to the Extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus Leaves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikram%20Mohamed%20Eltayeb%20Elsiddig">Ikram Mohamed Eltayeb Elsiddig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdel%20Khalig%20Muddather"> Abdel Khalig Muddather</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiba%20Abdel%20Rahman%20Ali"> Hiba Abdel Rahman Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Mohamed%20Hussein%20Ayoub"> Saad Mohamed Hussein Ayoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anogeissusleiocarpus (Combretaceae) is well known for its medicinal uses in African traditional medicine, for treating many human diseases mainly skin diseases and infections.Mycetoma disease is a fungal and/ or bacterial skin infection, mainly cause by Madurella mycetomatis fungus.This study was carried out in vitro to investigate the antifungal activity of Anogeissusleiocarpus leaf extracts against the isolated pathogenicMadurellamycetomatis, by using the NCCLS modified method compared to Ketoconazole standard drug and MTT assay. The bioactive fraction was subjected to chemical analysis implementing different chromatographic analytical methods (TLC, HPLC, and LC-MS/MS). The results showed significance antifungal activity of A. leiocarpus leaf extractsagainst the isolated pathogenicM. mycetomatis, compared to negative and positive controls. The chloroform fraction showed the highest antifungal activity.The chromatographic analysis of the chloroform fraction with the highest activity showed the presence of important bioactive compounds such as ellagic and flavellagic acids derivatives, flavonoids and stilbenoid, which are well known for their antifungal activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anogeissus%20leiocarpus" title="Anogeissus leiocarpus">Anogeissus leiocarpus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20extracts%20and%20fractions%20of%20Anogeissus%20leiocarpus" title=" crude extracts and fractions of Anogeissus leiocarpus"> crude extracts and fractions of Anogeissus leiocarpus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitrosusceptibility%20of%20Madurella%20mycetomatis" title=" in vitrosusceptibility of Madurella mycetomatis"> in vitrosusceptibility of Madurella mycetomatis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madurella%20mycetomatis" title=" Madurella mycetomatis"> Madurella mycetomatis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32638/in-vitro-susceptibility-of-madurella-mycetomatis-to-the-extracts-of-anogeissus-leiocarpus-leaves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">622</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> A Comprehensive Review of Foam Assisted Water Alternating Gas (FAWAG) Technique: Foam Applications and Mechanisms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Shabib-Asl">A. Shabib-Asl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abdalla%20Ayoub%20Mohammed"> M. Abdalla Ayoub Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20F.%20Alta%E2%80%99ee"> A. F. Alta’ee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Bin%20Mohd%20Saaid"> I. Bin Mohd Saaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Paulo%20Jose%20Valentim"> P. Paulo Jose Valentim </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last few decades, much focus has been placed on enhancing oil recovery from existing fields. This is accomplished by the study and application of various methods. As for recent cases, the study of fluid mobility control and sweep efficiency in gas injection process as well as water alternating gas (WAG) method have demonstrated positive results on oil recovery and thus gained wide interest in petroleum industry. WAG injection application results in an increased oil recovery. Its mechanism consists in reduction of gas oil ratio (GOR). However, there are some problems associated with this which includes poor volumetric sweep efficiency due to its low density and high mobility when compared with oil. This has led to the introduction of foam assisted water alternating gas (FAWAG) technique, which in contrast with WAG injection, acts in improving the sweep efficiency and reducing the gas oil ration therefore maximizing the production rate from the producer wells. This paper presents a comprehensive review of FAWAG process from perspective of Snorre field experience. In addition, some comparative results between FAWAG and the other EOR methods are presented including their setbacks. The main aim is to provide a solid background for future laboratory research and successful field application-extend. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GOR" title="GOR">GOR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility%20ratio" title=" mobility ratio"> mobility ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sweep%20efficiency" title=" sweep efficiency"> sweep efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WAG" title=" WAG "> WAG </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14396/a-comprehensive-review-of-foam-assisted-water-alternating-gas-fawag-technique-foam-applications-and-mechanisms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Effect of Lignocellulose-Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Termite Gut on the Nutritive Value of Wheat Straw as Ruminant Feed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Azizi-Shotorkhoft">Ayoub Azizi-Shotorkhoft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahereh%20Mohammadabadi"> Tahereh Mohammadabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hosein%20Motamedi"> Hosein Motamedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Chaji"> Morteza Chaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Fazaeli"> Hasan Fazaeli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to investigate nutritive value of wheat straw processed with termite gut symbiotic bacteria with lignocellulosic-degrading potential including Bacillus licheniformis, Ochrobactrum intermedium and Microbacterium paludicola in vitro. These bacteria were isolated by culturing termite guts contents in different culture media containing different lignin and lignocellulosic materials that had been prepared from water-extracted sawdust and wheat straw. Results showed that incubating wheat straw with all of three isolated bacteria increased (P<0.05) acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL) compared to control, and highest amount of APPL observed following treatment with B. licheniformis. Highest and lowest (P<0.05) in vitro gas production and ruminal organic matter digestibility were obtained when treating wheat straw with B. licheniformis and control, respectively. However, other fermentation parameters such as b (i.e., gas production from the insoluble fermentable fractions at 144h), c (i.e., rate of gas production during incubation), ruminal dry matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, partitioning factor, pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration were similar between experimental treatments (P>0.05). It is concluded that processing wheat straw with isolated bacteria improved its nutritive value as ruminants feed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=termite%20gut%20bacteria" title="termite gut bacteria">termite gut bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat%20straw" title=" wheat straw"> wheat straw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritive%20value" title=" nutritive value"> nutritive value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruminant" title=" ruminant"> ruminant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46880/effect-of-lignocellulose-degrading-bacteria-isolated-from-termite-gut-on-the-nutritive-value-of-wheat-straw-as-ruminant-feed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Efficacy of Educational Program on the Performance of Internship Nursing Students Regarding Electronic Fetal Monitoring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aida%20Abd%20El-Razek">Aida Abd El-Razek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alyaa%20Salman%20Madian"> Alyaa Salman Madian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gamila%20Gaber%20Ayoub"> Gamila Gaber Ayoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Electronic fetal monitoring is an obstetric technology that helps to record any changes in fetal heart rate and uterine activity. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of educational programs on the performance of internship nursing students regarding electronic fetal monitoring in obstetrics and gynecology departments. Design: A quasi-experimental research design (pre- and post-test) was used. Sample: A convenient sample of all internship nursing students (180 internship nursing students) from the Faculty of Nursing at Menoufia University during the academic year 2022-2023). The instruments of this study were a structured, self-administered interview questionnaire consisting of two parts: the socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants and an assessment of internship nursing students’ knowledge regarding electronic fetal monitoring (pre- and post-test). Observational checklist to assess internship nursing students’ performance regarding EFM. Results: There were highly statistically significant differences between the internship nurses' students’ knowledge and performance on the pretest and posttest. Conclusion: An educational program on electronic fetal monitoring carries a vital value for enhancing internship nursing students’ knowledge and performance, which ultimately leads to improved maternal and fetal outcomes. Recommendation: Regular educational programs and workshops about electronic fetal monitoring should be encouraged for all maternity nurses and internship nursing students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20program" title="educational program">educational program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internship%20nursing%20students" title=" internship nursing students"> internship nursing students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficacy" title=" efficacy"> efficacy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185431/efficacy-of-educational-program-on-the-performance-of-internship-nursing-students-regarding-electronic-fetal-monitoring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> A Constrained Model Predictive Control Scheme for Simultaneous Control of Temperature and Hygrometry in Greenhouses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Moufid">Ayoub Moufid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najib%20Bennis"> Najib Bennis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumia%20El%20Hani"> Soumia El Hani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of greenhouse climate control is to improve the culture development and to minimize the production costs. A greenhouse is an open system to external environment and the challenge is to regulate the internal climate despite the strong meteorological disturbances. The internal state of greenhouse considered in this work is defined by too relevant and coupled variables, namely inside temperature and hygrometry. These two variables are chosen to describe the internal state of greenhouses due to their importance in the development of plants and their sensitivity to external climatic conditions, sources of weather disturbances. A multivariable model is proposed and validated by considering a greenhouse as black-box system and the least square method is applied to parameters identification basing on collected experimental measures. To regulate the internal climate, we propose a Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme. This one considers the measured meteorological disturbances and the physical and operational constraints on the control and state variables. A successful feasibility study of the proposed controller is presented, and simulation results show good performances despite the high interaction between internal and external variables and the strong external meteorological disturbances. The inside temperature and hygrometry are tracking nearly the desired trajectories. A comparison study with an On/Off control applied to the same greenhouse confirms the efficiency of the MPC approach to inside climate control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20control" title="climate control">climate control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constraints" title=" constraints"> constraints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identification" title=" identification"> identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse" title=" greenhouse"> greenhouse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20predictive%20control" title=" model predictive control"> model predictive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91637/a-constrained-model-predictive-control-scheme-for-simultaneous-control-of-temperature-and-hygrometry-in-greenhouses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Evaluation of Postural Stability in Patients with Flat Feet: A Controlled Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Mohamed%20Rashad">Ghada Mohamed Rashad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doaa%20Ayoub%20Elimy"> Doaa Ayoub Elimy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Hussein%20Elgendy"> Mohamed Hussein Elgendy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mohamed%20Fathi%20Elshiwi"> Ahmed Mohamed Fathi Elshiwi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Ghazy"> Mahmoud Ghazy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Flat feet cause changes in foot mobility, foot posture, and load distribution under the foot which influences dynamic balance, that is essential in activities of daily living and for optimal performance in sports activity. Purpose: To investigate the effect of flat feet on dynamic balance including overall stability index (OAI), anteroposterior stability index (APSI) and mediolateral stability index (MLSI). Study Design: The design of the study was an experimental design. Subjects: Forty subjects from both sexes were selected from the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, their mean age (23.55 ± 1.74 ) years, divided into two groups, group A (8 males and 12 females) with flat feet, and group B (9 males and 11 females) with normal feet. Methods: The Navicular Drop Test was used to determine if the feet were pronated and Biodex Balance System was used to assess dynamic balance at level 8 and level 4 for both groups. Results: There was no significant difference in dynamic balance including (OSI, APSI and MLSI) of the Biodex at stability level (8) (most stable) (p = 0.56). While there was a significant difference between both groups in all dependent variables at stability level (4) (less stable level) (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: It may be concluded that flat feet have an effect on dynamic balance and there is balance affection in subjects with flat feet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20feet" title="flat feet">flat feet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20balance" title=" dynamic balance"> dynamic balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postural%20stability" title=" postural stability"> postural stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=types%20of%20flat%20feet" title=" types of flat feet"> types of flat feet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eversion%20strength" title=" eversion strength"> eversion strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36237/evaluation-of-postural-stability-in-patients-with-flat-feet-a-controlled-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Poverty Versus Interest-Based Loans in East Africa: Can Interest-Free Loans Rescue the Situation?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maulana%20Ayoub%20Ali">Maulana Ayoub Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> “Both Socialist as well as the capitalist in the economic systems have proven their failure to ensure economic justice that serves to benefit all in the society, both the rich and the poor. In particular, capitalism is currently causing a terrifying scenario by making the rich richer and the poor poorer” . In this paper, the author looks at the level of exploitation which is taking place to small and middle entrepreneurs (SME’s), government and private employees as well as large investors in East African countries who depends on interest-based loans which undermines their lives every day due to heavy monthly returns. Numbers of families have been evicted from their family premises and SME’s properties have been attached in the courts due to failure to return their loans timely. In fact, there are a lot of issues which have taken place on the ground which badly affected number of families socially and most importantly economically due to engagement in interest-based loans offered by commercial banks in East Africa. This paper looks on the alternative ways of eliminating interest-based loans to better lives of devastated Africans who are almost “dying” of heavy debts generated through higher interest loans. Reaching to that particular root the author has visited various literatures in a bid to deeply investigate and find out the best alternative mode of enabling African SME’s, businessmen and employees to benefit from the interest-free loans. The question is whether interest-free loans can be a long term solution towards poverty alleviation in East Africa generally and Tanzania in particular. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interest-free%20loans" title="interest-free loans">interest-free loans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SME%E2%80%99s" title=" SME’s"> SME’s</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20institutions" title=" financial institutions"> financial institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title=" poverty"> poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=east%20Africa" title=" east Africa"> east Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32645/poverty-versus-interest-based-loans-in-east-africa-can-interest-free-loans-rescue-the-situation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Valorization of Waste Reverse Osmosis Desalination Brine and Crystallization Sequence Approach for Kainite Recovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Bouazza">Ayoub Bouazza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Faddouli"> Ali Faddouli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Amal"> Said Amal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Benhida"> Rachid Benhida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaoula%20Khaless"> Khaoula Khaless</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brine waste generated from reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants contains various valuable compounds, mainly salts, trace elements, and organic matter. These wastes are up to two times saltier than standard seawater. Therefore, there is a strong economic interest in recovering these salts. The current practice in desalination plants is to reject the brine back to the sea, which affects the marine ecosystem and the environment. Our study aims to bring forth a reliable management solution for the valorisation of waste brines. Natural evaporation, isothermal evaporation at 25°C and 50°C, and evaporation using continuous heating were used to crystallize valuable salts from a reverse osmosis desalination plant brine located on the Moroccan Atlantic coast. The crystallization sequence of the brine was studied in comparison with standard seawater. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) of the precipitated solid phases showed similar results, where halite was the main solid phase precipitated from both the brine and seawater. However, Jänecke diagram prediction, along with FREZCHEM simulations, showed that Kainite should crystallize before Epsomite and Carnallite. As the absence of kainite formation in many experiments in the literature has been related to the metastability of kainite and the critical relative humidity conditions, and the precipitation of K–Mg salts is very sensitive to climatic conditions. An evaporation process is proposed as a solution to achieve the predicted crystallization path and to affirm the recovery of Kainite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salts%20crystallization" title="salts crystallization">salts crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20osmosis" title=" reverse osmosis"> reverse osmosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20evaporation" title=" solar evaporation"> solar evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frezchem" title=" frezchem"> frezchem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZLD" title=" ZLD"> ZLD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162012/valorization-of-waste-reverse-osmosis-desalination-brine-and-crystallization-sequence-approach-for-kainite-recovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162012.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Murine Epidermis and Dermis and Their Responses to Ultraviolet Light</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Abderrahmane%20Ayoub%20El%20Fateh">Ben Abderrahmane Ayoub El Fateh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bnina%20Rachid"> Bnina Rachid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A comprehensive comparison of antioxidant defenses in the dermis and epidermis and their response to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has not previously been attempted. In this study, enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in epidermis and dermis of hairless mice were compared. Enzyme activities are presented both as units/gram of skin and units/milligram of protein; arguments are presented for the superiority of skin wet weight as a reference base. Catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase (units/gram of skin) were higher in the epidermis than dermis by 49%, 86%, and 74%, respectively. Superoxide dismutase did not follow this pattern. Lipophilic antioxidants ( -tocopherol, ubiquinol 9, and ubiquinone 9) and hydrophilic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, and glutathione) were 24–95% higher in the epidermis than in dermis. In contrast, oxidized glutathione was 60% lower in the epidermis than in dermis. Mice were irradiated with solar light to examine the response of these cutaneous layers to UV irradiation. After irradiation with 25 J/cm2 (UVA + UVB, from a solar simulator), 10 times the minimum erythemal dose, epidermal and dermal catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were greatly decreased. Tocopherol, ubiquinol 9, ubiquinone 9, ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, and reduced glutathione decreased in both epidermis and dermis by 26-93%. Oxidizedgiutathione showed a slight, non-significant increase. Because the reduction in total ascorbate and catalase was much more severe in the epidermis than dermis, it can be concluded that UV light is more damaging to the antioxidant defenses in the epidermis than in the dermis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20defenses" title="antioxidant defenses">antioxidant defenses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymic" title=" enzymic"> enzymic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidermis" title=" epidermis"> epidermis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidizedgiutathione" title=" oxidizedgiutathione"> oxidizedgiutathione</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29067/antioxidant-defense-mechanisms-in-murine-epidermis-and-dermis-and-their-responses-to-ultraviolet-light" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Al-zabidi&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Al-zabidi&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a 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