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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Category_Ia_–_strict_nature_reserve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Category_Ia_–_strict_nature_reserve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Category Ia – strict nature reserve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Category_Ia_–_strict_nature_reserve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Category_Ib_–_wilderness_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Category_Ib_–_wilderness_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Category Ib – wilderness area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Category_Ib_–_wilderness_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Category_II_–_national_park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Category_II_–_national_park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Category II – national park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Category_II_–_national_park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Category_III_–_natural_monument_or_feature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Category_III_–_natural_monument_or_feature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Category III – natural monument or feature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Category_III_–_natural_monument_or_feature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Category_IV_–_habitat_or_species_management_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Category_IV_–_habitat_or_species_management_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Category IV – habitat or species management area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Category_IV_–_habitat_or_species_management_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Category_V_–_protected_landscape_or_seascape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Category_V_–_protected_landscape_or_seascape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Category V – protected landscape or seascape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Category_V_–_protected_landscape_or_seascape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Category_VI_–_protected_area_with_sustainable_use_of_natural_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Category_VI_–_protected_area_with_sustainable_use_of_natural_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Category VI – protected area with sustainable use of natural resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Category_VI_–_protected_area_with_sustainable_use_of_natural_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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الطبيعة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فئات المناطق المحمية وفق الاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_kategorije_za%C5%A1ti%C4%87enih_podru%C4%8Dja" title="IUCN kategorije zaštićenih područja – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="IUCN kategorije zaštićenih područja" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN-Kategorien_f%C3%BCr_Schutzgebiete" title="IUCN-Kategorien für Schutzgebiete – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="IUCN-Kategorien für Schutzgebiete" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahvusvahelise_Looduskaitseliidu_kaitsealakategooriad" title="Rahvusvahelise Looduskaitseliidu kaitsealakategooriad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rahvusvahelise Looduskaitseliidu kaitsealakategooriad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categor%C3%ADas_de_%C3%A1reas_protegidas_de_la_UICN" title="Categorías de áreas protegidas de la UICN – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Categorías de áreas protegidas de la UICN" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82_%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%D8%AA" title="رده‌بندی مناطق حفاظت‌شده اتحادیه بین‌المللی حفاظت از طبیعت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رده‌بندی مناطق حفاظت‌شده اتحادیه بین‌المللی حفاظت از طبیعت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_%EB%B3%B4%ED%98%B8%EC%A7%80%EC%97%AD_%EC%B9%B4%ED%85%8C%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC" title="IUCN 보호지역 카테고리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="IUCN 보호지역 카테고리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classificazione_internazionale_delle_aree_protette" title="Classificazione internazionale delle aree protette – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Classificazione internazionale delle aree protette" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%A1%D0%97%D0%9F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%98%D0%B0" title="МСЗП категории на заштитени подрачја – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="МСЗП категории на заштитени подрачја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorie_ochrony_przyrody_Mi%C4%99dzynarodowej_Unii_Ochrony_Przyrody" title="Kategorie ochrony przyrody Międzynarodowej Unii Ochrony Przyrody – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kategorie ochrony przyrody Międzynarodowej Unii Ochrony Przyrody" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_IUCN_de_Categorias_de_Gest%C3%A3o_de_%C3%81reas_Protegidas" title="Sistema IUCN de Categorias de Gestão de Áreas Protegidas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema IUCN de Categorias de Gestão de Áreas Protegidas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorit%C3%AB_IUCN" title="Kategoritë IUCN – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kategoritë IUCN" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorije_IUCN_zavarovanih_obmo%C4%8Dij" title="Kategorije IUCN zavarovanih območij – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kategorije IUCN zavarovanih območij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN-ove_kategorije_za%C5%A1ti%C4%87enih_podru%C4%8Dja" title="IUCN-ove kategorije zaštićenih područja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="IUCN-ove kategorije zaštićenih područja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansainv%C3%A4lisen_luonnonsuojeluliiton_suojelualueluokitus" title="Kansainvälisen luonnonsuojeluliiton suojelualueluokitus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kansainvälisen luonnonsuojeluliiton suojelualueluokitus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korunan_alanlar%C4%B1n_uluslararas%C4%B1_s%C4%B1n%C4%B1fland%C4%B1r%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1" title="Korunan alanların uluslararası sınıflandırılması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Korunan alanların uluslararası sınıflandırılması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%9F" title="Категорії природоохоронних територій МСОП – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Категорії природоохоронних територій МСОП" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%B8_%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%B8%DB%81_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%DA%BA_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بین الاقوامی اتحاد برائے تحفظ قدرت کے متحفظہ علاقوں کے زمرہ جات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بین الاقوامی اتحاد برائے تحفظ قدرت کے متحفظہ علاقوں کے زمرہ جات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3679744#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">International classification for protected areas</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IUCN_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/IUCN_logo.svg/220px-IUCN_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/IUCN_logo.svg/330px-IUCN_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/IUCN_logo.svg/440px-IUCN_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="143" /></a><figcaption>IUCN Logo</figcaption></figure> <p><b>IUCN protected area categories</b>, or <b>IUCN protected area management categories</b>, are categories used to classify <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">protected areas</a> in a system developed by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> (IUCN).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The enlisting of such areas is part of a strategy being used toward the conservation of the world's natural environment and biodiversity. The <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">IUCN</a> has developed the protected area management categories system to define, record and classify the wide variety of specific aims and concerns when categorising protected areas and their objectives. Further supplementary guidelines have been developed specific to <a href="/wiki/Marine_protected_area" title="Marine protected area">marine protected areas</a> (MPAs).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This categorisation method is recognised on a global scale by national governments and international bodies such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Biological_Diversity" title="Convention on Biological Diversity">Convention on Biological Diversity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Categories">Categories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUCN_protected_area_categories&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Categories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Category_Ia_–_strict_nature_reserve"><span id="Category_Ia_.E2.80.93_strict_nature_reserve"></span>Category Ia – strict nature reserve</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUCN_protected_area_categories&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Category Ia – strict nature reserve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Strict_nature_reserve" title="Strict nature reserve">strict nature reserve</a> (IUCN Category Ia) is an area which is protected from all but light human use in order to protect its biodiversity and also possibly its geological/geomorphical features.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These areas are often home to dense native ecosystems where all human disturbance except scientific study, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_monitoring" title="Environmental monitoring">environmental monitoring</a> and education is prohibited. Because these areas are so strictly protected, they provide ideal pristine environments that enable measurement of external human influence by means of comparison with other areas. </p><p>In some cases, strict nature reserves are of spiritual significance for surrounding communities and are also protected for this reason. The people engaged in the practice of their faith within the region have the right to continue to do so, providing it aligns with the area's conservation and management objectives. </p><p>Human impacts on strict nature reserves are increasingly difficult to prevent because climate and air pollution and newly emerging diseases do not stop at the boundaries of protected areas. If perpetual intervention is required to maintain these strict guidelines, the area will often fall into category IV or V.<sup id="cite_ref-GAPAMC_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GAPAMC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Category_Ib_–_wilderness_area"><span id="Category_Ib_.E2.80.93_wilderness_area"></span>Category Ib – wilderness area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUCN_protected_area_categories&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Category Ib – wilderness area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Wilderness_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilderness area">wilderness area</a> (IUCN Category Ib) is similar to a strict nature reserve, but generally larger and protected in a slightly less stringent manner. </p><p>These areas are a protected domain in which <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> and ecosystem processes (including evolution) are allowed to flourish or experience restoration if previously disturbed by human activity. These are areas which may buffer against the <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change" title="Effects of climate change">effects of climate change</a> and protect threatened species and ecological communities. </p><p>Human visitation is limited to a minimum, often allowing only those who are willing to travel of their own devices (by foot, by ski, or by boat), but this offers a unique opportunity to experience wilderness that has not been interfered with. Wilderness areas can be classified as such only if they are devoid of modern infrastructure, though they allow human activity to the level of sustaining indigenous groups and their cultural and spiritual values within their wilderness-based lifestyles.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GAPAMC_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GAPAMC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Category_II_–_national_park"><span id="Category_II_.E2.80.93_national_park"></span>Category II – national park</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUCN_protected_area_categories&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Category II – national park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serengeti.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Serengeti.JPG/220px-Serengeti.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Serengeti.JPG/330px-Serengeti.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Serengeti.JPG/440px-Serengeti.JPG 2x" data-file-width="777" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Serengeti_National_Park" title="Serengeti National Park">Serengeti National Park</a>, Tanzania is a designated Category II area<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A IUCN Category II area is similar to a wilderness area in its size and its main objective of protecting functioning ecosystems. However, category II areas tend to be more lenient with human visitation and its supporting infrastructure. Category II areas are managed in a way that may contribute to local economies through promoting educational and recreational tourism on a scale that will not reduce the effectiveness of conservation efforts. </p><p>Despite "national park" being the common name of category II, not all protected areas titled "national park" fit the criteria for category II. </p><p>The surrounding areas of a category II site may be for consumptive or non-consumptive use but should nevertheless act as a barrier for the defence of the protected area's native species and communities to enable them to sustain themselves in the long term.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GAPAMC_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GAPAMC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Category_III_–_natural_monument_or_feature"><span id="Category_III_.E2.80.93_natural_monument_or_feature"></span>Category III – natural monument or feature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUCN_protected_area_categories&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Category III – natural monument or feature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:012_035_Ile_Mingan_Niapiscau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/012_035_Ile_Mingan_Niapiscau.jpg/220px-012_035_Ile_Mingan_Niapiscau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/012_035_Ile_Mingan_Niapiscau.jpg/330px-012_035_Ile_Mingan_Niapiscau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/012_035_Ile_Mingan_Niapiscau.jpg/440px-012_035_Ile_Mingan_Niapiscau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2698" data-file-height="4149" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mingan_Archipelago_National_Park_Reserve" title="Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve">Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Canadian_Encyclopedia_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Canadian_Encyclopedia-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_St._Lawrence" title="Gulf of St. Lawrence">gulf of St. Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Natural_monument" title="Natural monument">natural monument</a> or <a href="/wiki/Natural_feature" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural feature">feature</a> (IUCN Category III) is a comparatively smaller area that is specifically allocated to protect a <a href="/wiki/Natural_monument" title="Natural monument">natural monument</a> and its surrounding <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitats</a>. These monuments can be natural in the fullest sense or include elements that have been influenced or introduced by humans. The latter should hold biodiversity associations or could otherwise be classified as a historical or spiritual site, though this distinction can be quite difficult to ascertain. </p><p>To be categorised as a natural monument or feature by IUCN's guidelines, the protected area could include natural geological or geomorphological features, culturally-influenced natural features, natural cultural sites, or cultural sites with associated ecology. The classification then falls into two subcategories: those in which the biodiversity is uniquely related to the conditions of the natural feature and those in which the current levels of biodiversity are dependent on the presence of the sacred sites that have created an essentially modified ecosystem. </p><p>Natural monuments or features often play a smaller but key ecological role in the operations of broader conservation objectives. They have a high cultural or spiritual value that can be utilised to gain support of conservation challenges by allowing higher visitation or recreational rights, therefore offering an incentive for the preservation of the site.<sup id="cite_ref-GAPAMC_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GAPAMC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Category_IV_–_habitat_or_species_management_area"><span id="Category_IV_.E2.80.93_habitat_or_species_management_area"></span>Category IV – habitat or species management area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUCN_protected_area_categories&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Category IV – habitat or species management area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galapagos_iguana1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Galapagos_iguana1.jpg/220px-Galapagos_iguana1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Galapagos_iguana1.jpg/330px-Galapagos_iguana1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Galapagos_iguana1.jpg/440px-Galapagos_iguana1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The Galápagos, Ecuador, is managed under category IV to preserve the islands' native flora and fauna<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Habitat_management_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat management area">habitat</a> or <a href="/wiki/Species_management_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Species management area">species management area</a> (IUCN Category IV) is similar to a natural monument or feature, but focuses on more specific areas of conservation (though size is not necessarily a distinguishing feature), like an identifiable species or habitat that requires continuous protection rather than that of a natural feature. These protected areas will be sufficiently controlled to ensure the maintenance, conservation, and restoration of particular species and habitats—possibly through traditional means—and public education of such areas is widely encouraged as part of the management objectives. </p><p>Habitat or species management areas may exist as a fraction of a wider ecosystem or protected area and may require varying levels of active protection. Management measures may include (but are not limited to) the prevention of <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a>, creation of artificial habitats, halting natural succession, and supplementary feeding practices.<sup id="cite_ref-GAPAMC_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GAPAMC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Category_V_–_protected_landscape_or_seascape"><span id="Category_V_.E2.80.93_protected_landscape_or_seascape"></span>Category V – protected landscape or seascape</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUCN_protected_area_categories&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Category V – protected landscape or seascape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A protected landscape or protected seascape (IUCN Category V) covers a body of land or ocean with an explicit natural conservation plan, but usually also accommodates a range of for-profit activities. </p><p>The main objective is to safeguard regions that have built up a distinct and valuable ecological, biological, cultural, or scenic character. In contrast with previous categories, Category V permits surrounding communities to interact more with the area, contributing to the area's sustainable management and engaging with its natural and cultural heritage. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Landscape" title="Landscape">Landscapes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seascape" title="Seascape">seascapes</a> that fall into this category should represent an integral balance between people and nature and can sustain activities such as traditional agricultural and forestry systems on conditions that ensure the continued protection or <a href="/wiki/Restoration_ecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration ecology">ecological restoration</a> of the area. </p><p>Category V is one of the more flexible classifications of protected areas. As a result, protected landscapes and seascapes may be able to accommodate contemporary developments, such as <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">ecotourism</a>, at the same time as maintaining the historical management practices that may procure the sustainability of <a href="/wiki/Agrobiodiversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrobiodiversity">agrobiodiversity</a> and aquatic biodiversity.<sup id="cite_ref-GAPAMC_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GAPAMC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Category_VI_–_protected_area_with_sustainable_use_of_natural_resources"><span id="Category_VI_.E2.80.93_protected_area_with_sustainable_use_of_natural_resources"></span>Category VI – protected area with sustainable use of natural resources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUCN_protected_area_categories&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Category VI – protected area with sustainable use of natural resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landsat_gbreef.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Landsat_gbreef.jpg/220px-Landsat_gbreef.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Landsat_gbreef.jpg/330px-Landsat_gbreef.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Landsat_gbreef.jpg/440px-Landsat_gbreef.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef_Marine_Park" title="Great Barrier Reef Marine Park">Great Barrier Reef Marine Park</a>, Australia<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Though human involvement is a large factor in the management of these <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">protected areas</a>, developments are not intended to allow for widescale industrial production. The IUCN recommends that a proportion of the land mass remain in its natural condition—a decision to be made on a national level, usually with specificity to each protected area. Governance has to be developed to adapt the diverse—and possibly growing—range of interests that arise from the production of sustainable natural resources. </p><p>Category VI may be particularly suitable to vast areas that already have a low level of human occupation or in which local communities and their traditional practices have had little permanent impact on the environmental health of the region. This differs from category V in that it is not the result of long-term human interaction that has had a transformative effect on surrounding ecosystems.<sup id="cite_ref-GAPAMC_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GAPAMC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUCN_protected_area_categories&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNEP-WCMC" class="mw-redirect" title="UNEP-WCMC">UNEP-WCMC</a> — <i>United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Commission_on_Protected_Areas" title="World Commission on Protected Areas">World Commission on Protected Areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Database_on_Protected_Areas" title="World Database on Protected Areas">World Database on Protected Areas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUCN_protected_area_categories&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFrancoise_Burhenne-Guilmin2011" class="citation book cs1">Francoise Burhenne-Guilmin (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=13gGb2rQVQwC&pg=PA147"><i>Guidelines for Protected Areas Legislation</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a>. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782831712451" title="Special:BookSources/9782831712451"><bdi>9782831712451</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guidelines+for+Protected+Areas+Legislation&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=IUCN&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9782831712451&rft.au=Francoise+Burhenne-Guilmin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D13gGb2rQVQwC%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIUCN+protected+area+categories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArjay_Dacumos2006" class="citation book cs1">Arjay Dacumos (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=So7VcQYIw40C&pg=PA191"><i>Biodiversity and conservation</i></a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Psychology_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychology Press">Psychology Press</a>. p. 191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415342995" title="Special:BookSources/9780415342995"><bdi>9780415342995</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biodiversity+and+conservation&rft.pages=191&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780415342995&rft.au=Arjay+Dacumos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSo7VcQYIw40C%26pg%3DPA191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIUCN+protected+area+categories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDayDudleyHockingsHolmes2019" class="citation book cs1">Day, Jon; Dudley, Nigel; Hockings, Marc; Holmes, Glen; Laffoley, Dan; Stolton, Sue; Wells, Sue; Wenzel, Lauren, eds. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/PAG-019-2nd%20ed.-En.pdf"><i>Guidelines for applying the IUCN protected area management categories to marine protected areas</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Second ed.). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guidelines+for+applying+the+IUCN+protected+area+management+categories+to+marine+protected+areas&rft.place=Gland%2C+Switzerland&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=IUCN&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportals.iucn.org%2Flibrary%2Fsites%2Flibrary%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FPAG-019-2nd%2520ed.-En.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIUCN+protected+area+categories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_capacity2/gpap_pub/gpap_catpub/?13959/Guidelines-for-applying-protected-area-management-categories">IUCN Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories, Published 2 October 2008</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-area-categories">"Protected Area Categories"</a>. 27 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Protected+Area+Categories&rft.date=2016-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucn.org%2Ftheme%2Fprotected-areas%2Fabout%2Fprotected-area-categories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIUCN+protected+area+categories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GAPAMC-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GAPAMC_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GAPAMC_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GAPAMC_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GAPAMC_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GAPAMC_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GAPAMC_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GAPAMC_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDudley" class="citation web cs1">Dudley, Nigel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/PAG-021.pdf">"Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IUCN.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IUCN.org&rft.atitle=Guidelines+for+Applying+Protected+Area+Management+Categories&rft.aulast=Dudley&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportals.iucn.org%2Flibrary%2Fsites%2Flibrary%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FPAG-021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIUCN+protected+area+categories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassonMartinWatsonStringer2016" class="citation book cs1">Casson, Sarah A.; <a href="/wiki/Vance_Martin" title="Vance Martin">Martin, Vance</a>; Watson, Alan; Stringer, Angie; Kormos, Cyril F. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/46541"><i>Wilderness protected areas</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.CH.2016.PAG.25.en">10.2305/IUCN.CH.2016.PAG.25.en</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-1817-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-1817-0"><bdi>978-2-8317-1817-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wilderness+protected+areas&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.CH.2016.PAG.25.en&rft.isbn=978-2-8317-1817-0&rft.aulast=Casson&rft.aufirst=Sarah+A.&rft.au=Martin%2C+Vance&rft.au=Watson%2C+Alan&rft.au=Stringer%2C+Angie&rft.au=Kormos%2C+Cyril+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportals.iucn.org%2Flibrary%2Fnode%2F46541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIUCN+protected+area+categories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/916">Data for Serengeti National Park on Protected Planet</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/gpap_pacategory2/">Category II National Park</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407225919/http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/gpap_pacategory2/">Archived</a> 2014-04-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Canadian_Encyclopedia-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Canadian_Encyclopedia_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mingan-archipelago-national-park-reserve">"Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve"</a>. The Canadian Encyclopedia. 2015-01-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-12</span></span>. <q>Oddly shaped rock pillars sculpted by wind and sea create the unique islandscape of the natural reserve</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mingan+Archipelago+National+Park+Reserve&rft.pub=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2015-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fmingan-archipelago-national-park-reserve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIUCN+protected+area+categories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.protectedplanet.net/sites/Galapagos_Islands_World_Heritage_Site/">Data for The Galápagos Islands (Category IV) on Protected Planet</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.protectedplanet.net/sites/Great_Barrier_Reef_Marine_Park/">Data for The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (Category VI) on Protected Planet</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUCN_protected_area_categories&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucn.org/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucn.org/about/union/commissions/wcpa/">IUCN: World Commission on Protected Areas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/en">Database of Protected Areas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucn.org/resources/conservation-tools">IUCN Databases</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IUCN_protected_area_categories&oldid=1241358134">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IUCN_protected_area_categories&oldid=1241358134</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Protected_areas_by_World_Conservation_Union_category" title="Category:Protected areas by World Conservation Union category">Protected areas by World Conservation Union category</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ecology_lists" title="Category:Ecology lists">Ecology lists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nature-related_lists" title="Category:Nature-related lists">Nature-related lists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="Category:International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Protected_areas" title="Category:Protected areas">Protected areas</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 August 2024, at 18:37<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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