CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="af" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Jaar - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )afwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januarie","Februarie","Maart","April","Mei","Junie","Julie","Augustus","September","Oktober","November","Desember"],"wgRequestId":"42b7eb0e-06a7-492c-ac42-44fe433e4b22","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Jaar","wgTitle":"Jaar","wgCurRevisionId":2572555,"wgRevisionId":2572555,"wgArticleId":24296,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["AS1-bronne in Nederlands (nl)","CS1 errors: archive-url","AS1-foute: tydskrif geïgnoreer","Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders","Artikels met GND-identifiseerders","Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders","Normdata met 3 elemente","Voorbladartikels","Jare","Kalenders","Eenhede van tyd"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"af","wgPageContentLanguage":"af","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Jaar","wgRelevantArticleId":24296,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"af","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"af"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q577","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.23"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Analemma_fishburn.tif/lossy-page1-1200px-Analemma_fishburn.tif.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1513"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Analemma_fishburn.tif/lossy-page1-800px-Analemma_fishburn.tif.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1009"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Analemma_fishburn.tif/lossy-page1-640px-Analemma_fishburn.tif.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="807"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Jaar - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaar"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Wysig" href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (af)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//af.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaar"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.af"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atoomvoer" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Jaar rootpage-Jaar skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Gaan na inhoud</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Hoofkieslys" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofkieslys" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofkieslys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofkieslys</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Gaan na die tuisblad [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Tuisblad</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About"><span>Inligting oor Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>Kontakblad</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-SEARCH_" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-SEARCH_--_doen_dit_iets_-- emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> SEARCH  </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Interaksie" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Interaksie" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Interaksie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Hulp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hulp"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Leer-hoe-om-te-wysig" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Welkom_nuwelinge"><span>Leer hoe om te wysig</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard"><span>Laai lêer</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-TOOLBOX_" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-TOOLBOX_--_doen_dit_iets_-- emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> TOOLBOX  </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-af.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Soek" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Soek</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Deursoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Jaar" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Jaar" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Jaar" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Jaar" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interkalasie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interkalasie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Interkalasie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interkalasie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Interkalasie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interkalasie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Juliaanse_kalender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juliaanse_kalender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Juliaanse kalender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Juliaanse_kalender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gregoriaanse_kalender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gregoriaanse_kalender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Gregoriaanse kalender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gregoriaanse_kalender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ander_kalenders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ander_kalenders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ander kalenders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ander_kalenders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jaartelling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jaartelling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Jaartelling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jaartelling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pragmatiese_verdelings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pragmatiese_verdelings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pragmatiese verdelings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pragmatiese_verdelings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Pragmatiese verdelings subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pragmatiese_verdelings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boekjaar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boekjaar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Boekjaar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boekjaar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Akademiese_jaar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akademiese_jaar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Akademiese jaar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akademiese_jaar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astronomiese_jaar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astronomiese_jaar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Astronomiese jaar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Astronomiese_jaar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Astronomiese jaar subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Astronomiese_jaar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Juliaanse_jaar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juliaanse_jaar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Juliaanse jaar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Juliaanse_jaar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sideriese,_tropiese_en_anomalistiese_jaar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sideriese,_tropiese_en_anomalistiese_jaar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sideriese, tropiese en anomalistiese jaar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sideriese,_tropiese_en_anomalistiese_jaar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drakoniese_jaar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drakoniese_jaar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Drakoniese jaar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drakoniese_jaar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volmaansiklus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volmaansiklus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Volmaansiklus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volmaansiklus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maanjaar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maanjaar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Maanjaar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maanjaar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voldagjaar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voldagjaar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Voldagjaar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voldagjaar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heliakiese_jaar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heliakiese_jaar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Heliakiese jaar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heliakiese_jaar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sothis-jaar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sothis-jaar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Sothis-jaar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sothis-jaar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaussiese_jaar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaussiese_jaar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Gaussiese jaar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaussiese_jaar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wisselings_in_die_jaar-_en_daglengte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wisselings_in_die_jaar-_en_daglengte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Wisselings in die jaar- en daglengte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wisselings_in_die_jaar-_en_daglengte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gemiddelde_jaarlengtes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gemiddelde_jaarlengtes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10.1</span> <span>Gemiddelde jaarlengtes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gemiddelde_jaarlengtes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opsomming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opsomming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11</span> <span>Opsomming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opsomming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seisoenale_jaar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seisoenale_jaar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Seisoenale jaar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seisoenale_jaar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galaktiese_jaar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galaktiese_jaar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Galaktiese jaar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galaktiese_jaar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afkortings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afkortings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Afkortings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Afkortings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Afkortings subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Afkortings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Simbole" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simbole"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Simbole</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simbole-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SI-voorvoegsels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SI-voorvoegsels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>SI-voorvoegsels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SI-voorvoegsels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nog_leesstof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nog_leesstof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Nog leesstof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nog_leesstof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgawe" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jaar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 223 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-223" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">223 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%9B%D3%99%D1%81" title="Ашықәс – Abkasies" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ашықәс" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkasies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahr" title="Jahr – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jahr" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%98%E1%89%B5" title="አመት – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አመት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyo" title="Anyo – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%93ar" title="Gēar – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Gēar" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acha" title="Acha – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Acha" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9" title="سنة – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سنة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%AC%DC%90_(%DC%99%DC%92%DC%A2%DC%90)" title="ܫܢܬܐ (ܙܒܢܐ) – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܫܢܬܐ (ܙܒܢܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عام – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عام" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%87" title="سنه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سنه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%B0" title="বছৰ – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বছৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1u" title="Añu – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Añu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="ЛъагӀел – Avaries" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ЛъагӀел" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mara" title="Mara – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Mara" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0l" title="İl – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İl" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="ایل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Йыл – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsa" title="Warsa – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Warsa" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joar" title="Joar – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Joar" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Met%C4%81" title="Metā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Metā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taon" title="Taon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Taon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Год – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Год" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Год – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Год" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Година – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Година" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="साल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="साल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahun" title="Tahun – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Tahun" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B0" title="বছর – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বছর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B" title="ལོ་ – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལོ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloaz" title="Bloaz – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloaz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godina" title="Godina – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Godina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Жэл – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Жэл" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Any" title="Any – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Any" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1o" title="Año – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Año" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%A8ng" title="Nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE" title="Шо – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuig" title="Tuig – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tuig" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A5kkan" title="Såkkan – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Såkkan" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%B5" title="ساڵ – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ساڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annu" title="Annu – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Annu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rok" title="Rok – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rok" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rok" title="Rok – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Rok" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%A3%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Лѣто – Kerkslawies" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Лѣто" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslawies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D0%BA" title="Çулталăк – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çулталăк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blwyddyn" title="Blwyddyn – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Blwyddyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85r" title="År – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="År" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahr" title="Jahr – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jahr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%9Bto" title="Lěto – Nedersorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Lěto" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Nedersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="वर्ष – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="वर्ष" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Έτος – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έτος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An" title="An – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year" title="Year – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Year" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaro" title="Jaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1o" title="Año – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Año" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aasta" title="Aasta – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aasta" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urte" title="Urte – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Urte" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1u" title="Añu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Añu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84" title="سال – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuosi" title="Vuosi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vuosi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aastak" title="Aastak – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Aastak" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yabaki" title="Yabaki – Fidjiaans" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Yabaki" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fidjiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81r" title="Ár – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ár" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_(calendrier)" title="Année (calendrier) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Année (calendrier)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/An" title="An – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="An" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juar" title="Juar – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Juar" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/An" title="An – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="An" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jier" title="Jier – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jier" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliain" title="Bliain – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bliain" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B4" title="年 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lannen" title="Lannen – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lannen" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliadhna" title="Bliadhna – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bliadhna" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ano_(astronom%C3%ADa)" title="Ano (astronomía) – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ano (astronomía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ary" title="Ary – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ary" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8D%82" title="𐌾𐌴𐍂 – Goties" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌾𐌴𐍂" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Goties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7" title="વર્ષ – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વર્ષ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owhe" title="Owhe – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Owhe" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blein" title="Blein – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Blein" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekara" title="Shekara – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Shekara" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%C3%A8n" title="Ngièn – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makahiki" title="Makahiki – Hawais" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Makahiki" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94" title="שנה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="वर्ष – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वर्ष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saal" title="Saal – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Saal" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godina" title="Godina – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Godina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%9Bto" title="Lěto – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Lěto" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lane" title="Lane – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lane" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89v" title="Év – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Év" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Տարի – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տարի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno" title="Anno – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Anno" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahun" title="Tahun – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tahun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annu" title="Annu – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Annu" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year" title="Year – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Year" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawen" title="Tawen – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tawen" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83" title="Шу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaro" title="Yaro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yaro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81r" title="Ár – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ár" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno" title="Anno – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%85%E1%91%AD%E1%90%85%E1%96%85" title="ᐅᑭᐅᖅ – Inoektitoet" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐅᑭᐅᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inoektitoet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B4" title="年 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ier" title="Ier – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ier" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/nanca" title="nanca – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="nanca" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taun" title="Taun – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Taun" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="წელი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%B1l" title="Jıl – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Jıl" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aseggas" title="Aseggas – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aseggas" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%A9na%C9%A3" title="Pɩnaɣ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɩnaɣ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1lyia%CC%B1" title="A̱lyia̱ – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱lyia̱" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahun" title="Tahun – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Tahun" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Жыл – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7" title="ವರ್ಷ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವರ್ಷ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%84" title="년 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal" title="Sal – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sal" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bledhen" title="Bledhen – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bledhen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Жыл – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жыл" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annus" title="Annus – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Annus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyo" title="Anyo – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Anyo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joer" title="Joer – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Joer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Йис – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaor" title="Jaor – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jaor" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80nno" title="Ànno – Liguries" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ànno" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann" title="Ann – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ann" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann" title="Ann – Lombardies" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ann" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B5" title="ປີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metai" title="Metai – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Metai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gads" title="Gads – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="साल – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="साल" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taun" title="Taun – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Taun" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Киза – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Киза" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taona" title="Taona – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Taona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Идалык – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Идалык" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau" title="Tau – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tau" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahun" title="Tahun – Minangkabaus" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tahun" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Година – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Година" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%82" title="വർഷം – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വർഷം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Жил – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жил" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯆꯩꯍꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯆꯩꯍꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="वर्ष – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वर्ष" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98" title="И – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="И" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahun" title="Tahun – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tahun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%87%E1%80%BA" title="သက္ကရာဇ် – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သက္ကရာဇ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5" title="Ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xihuitl_(cahuitl)" title="Xihuitl (cahuitl) – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Xihuitl (cahuitl)" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno" title="Anno – Neapolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Anno" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johr" title="Johr – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Johr" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="वर्ष – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वर्ष" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%81" title="दँ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="दँ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaar" title="Jaar – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jaar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85r" title="År – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="År" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85r" title="År – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="År" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aun" title="Aun – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Aun" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngwaga" title="Ngwaga – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ngwaga" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annada" title="Annada – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Annada" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuozi" title="Vuozi – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vuozi" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7" title="Аз – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2" title="ਸਾਲ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainn%C3%A8e" title="Ainnèe – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ainnèe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rok" title="Rok – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rok" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann" title="Ann – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ann" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%BE%D8%A7" title="ورھا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ورھا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84" title="کال – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کال" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ano" title="Ano – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wata" title="Wata – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wata" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bersh" title="Bersh – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Bersh" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/An" title="An – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="An" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anu" title="Anu – Aromanies" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Anu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Год – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Рік – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Рік" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umwaka" title="Umwaka – Rwandees" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Umwaka" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Rwandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%83" title="वर्षः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वर्षः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Сыл – Jakoeties" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoeties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annu" title="Annu – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Annu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annu" title="Annu – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Annu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year" title="Year – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Year" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84" title="سال – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سال" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahki" title="Jahki – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Jahki" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godina" title="Godina – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Godina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%BA" title="වර්ෂය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වර්ෂය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year" title="Year – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Year" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rok" title="Rok – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leto" title="Leto – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Leto" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihe" title="Ihe – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ihe" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gore" title="Gore – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gore" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanad" title="Sanad – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sanad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viti" title="Viti – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Viti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Година – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Година" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari" title="Yari – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Yari" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taun" title="Taun – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Taun" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85r" title="År – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="År" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwaka" title="Mwaka – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mwaka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rok_(czas)" title="Rok (czas) – Silesies" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rok (czas)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/mihcaan" title="mihcaan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="mihcaan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="ஆண்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/kawas" title="kawas – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="kawas" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="సంవత్సరం – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సంవత్సరం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Солҳо – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Солҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5" title="ปี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taon" title="Taon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Taon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yia" title="Yia – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Yia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%B1l" title="Yıl – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yıl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lembe" title="Lembe – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Lembe" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB" title="Ел – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80" title="Ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84" title="يىل – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يىل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Рік – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84" title="سال – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سال" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yil" title="Yil – Oesbekies" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yil" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oesbekies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/An" title="An – Venesiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="An" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voz%27" title="Voz' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Voz'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%83m" title="Năm – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Năm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joar" title="Joar – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Joar" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAye" title="Anêye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuig" title="Tuig – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tuig" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/At" title="At – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="At" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B4" title="年 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="წანა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="წანა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A8" title="יאר – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יאר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cd%C3%BAn" title="Ọdún – Joroeba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ọdún" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Joroeba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi" title="Bi – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bi" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaer" title="Jaer – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Jaer" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B4" title="年 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B4" title="年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AE" title="Nî – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B4" title="年 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q577#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jaar" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Jaar" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jaar"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jaar"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Jaar" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Jaar" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&oldid=2572555" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Jaar&id=2572555&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJaar"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJaar"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Jaar"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Jaar&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Years" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q577" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Analemma_fishburn.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Analemma_fishburn.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Analemma_fishburn.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Analemma_fishburn.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Analemma_fishburn.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Analemma_fishburn.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Analemma_fishburn.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="2979" /></a><figcaption>'n <a href="/wiki/Analemma" title="Analemma">Analemma</a> illustreer die veranderende posisie van die <a href="/wiki/Son" title="Son">Son</a> in die loop van ’n jaar, soos gesien op ’n vaste tyd van die dag van die <a href="/wiki/Aarde" title="Aarde">Aarde</a> af.</figcaption></figure> <p>’n <b>Jaar</b> is die relatiewe eenheid van <a href="/wiki/Tyd" title="Tyd">tyd</a> wat die tydperk beskryf waarin ’n <a href="/wiki/Planeet" title="Planeet">planeet</a> om sy <a href="/wiki/Ster" title="Ster">ster</a> wentel. In algemene taalgebruik is dit die tyd waarin die <a href="/wiki/Aarde" title="Aarde">Aarde</a> een maal om die <a href="/wiki/Son" title="Son">Son</a> wentel. </p><p>Vanweë die Aarde se <a href="/wiki/Ashelling" title="Ashelling">ashelling</a> kom vier <a href="/wiki/Seisoen" title="Seisoen">seisoene</a> in ’n jaar voor, en dit word gekenmerk deur ’n verandering in die <a href="/wiki/Weer" class="mw-redirect" title="Weer">weer</a>, in die ure daglig en in die <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plantegroei</a> en vrugbaarheid van die <a href="/wiki/Grond" title="Grond">grond</a>. In gematigde en subarktiese streke word vier seisoene gewoonlik erken: <a href="/wiki/Lente" title="Lente">lente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somer" title="Somer">somer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herfs" title="Herfs">herfs</a> en <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winter</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Trope" title="Trope">tropiese</a> en <a href="/wiki/Subtropiese_klimaat" title="Subtropiese klimaat">subtropiese streke</a> is daar nie gedefinieerde seisoene nie; in die trope kan wel tussen ’n nat en droë seisoen onderskei word. </p><p>’n <a href="/wiki/Kalender" title="Kalender">Kalenderjaar</a> is min of meer die getal dae wat die Aarde se wentelperiode duur, soos aangedui op ’n gegewe kalender. Volgens die <a href="/wiki/Gregoriaanse_kalender" title="Gregoriaanse kalender">Gregoriaanse</a>, of moderne, kalender is ’n jaar 365 <a href="/wiki/Dag" title="Dag">dae</a> lank. Elke vier jaar word ’n dag bygetel om op te maak vir die feit dat die Aarde se <a href="/wiki/Wentelbaan" title="Wentelbaan">wentelbaan</a> om die Son nie in volledige dae geskied nie. Só ’n jaar word ’n <a href="/wiki/Skrikkeljaar" title="Skrikkeljaar">skrikkeljaar</a> genoem. Dieselfde gebeur met die <a href="/wiki/Juliaanse_kalender" title="Juliaanse kalender">Juliaanse kalender</a>. Volgens eersgenoemde kalender is die lengte van ’n kalenderjaar (of gemiddelde jaar) oor die hele lengte van die skrikkelsiklus van 400 jaar altesaam 365,2425 dae. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/ISO" title="ISO">ISO</a>-standaard ISO 80000-3, bylae C, gebruik die simbool <i>a</i> (vir die <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latynse</a> <i>annus</i>) vir ’n jaar van óf 365 óf 366 dae. In <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> word die <a href="/wiki/Afkorting" title="Afkorting">afkorting</a> j. meestal gebruik. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sterrekunde" title="Sterrekunde">sterrekunde</a> is ’n Juliaanse astronomiese jaar ’n tydseenheid van 365,25 dae van presies 86 400 <a href="/wiki/Sekonde" title="Sekonde">sekondes</a> (<a href="/wiki/SI-stelsel" title="SI-stelsel">SI-eenheid</a>) elk, en dus presies 31 557 600 sekondes.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die woord "jaar" word ook gebruik vir tydperke wat losweg met ’n jaar of astronomiese jaar verbind word, maar nie identies daaraan is nie, soos die <a href="#Seisoenale_jaar">seisoenale jaar</a>, <a href="#Boekjaar">boekjaar</a>, <a href="#Akademiese_jaar">akademiese jaar</a>, ens. Die term word ook gebruik vir die wenteltydperk van enige <a href="/wiki/Planeet" title="Planeet">planeet</a>; ’n <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venusjaar</a> is byvoorbeeld die tyd waarin dié planete ’n hele wentelbaan voltooi. Dit kan ook in ’n vae sin gebruik word vir ’n lang tydperk, soos <a href="/wiki/Mitologie" title="Mitologie">mitologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Po%C3%ABsie" title="Poësie">poësie</a> of algemene spreektaal (byvoorbeeld: "Tot siens. Moenie weer 'n jaar wegbly nie!") </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaanse</a> woord "jaar" kom via <a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a> van die <a href="/wiki/Germaanse_tale" title="Germaanse tale">Proto-Germaanse</a> <i>*jǣran</i>. Die woord in sommige ander <a href="/wiki/Taal" title="Taal">tale</a> is <i>Jahr</i> (<a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duits</a>), <i>jār</i> (Oud-Hoogduits), <i>ár</i> (<a href="/wiki/Noors" title="Noors">Oud-Noors</a>) en <i>𐌾𐌴𐍂</i> (<a href="/wiki/Goties" title="Goties">Goties</a>), van die <a href="/wiki/Indo-Europese_tale" title="Indo-Europese tale">Proto-Indo-Europese</a> selfstandige naamwoord <i><span title="Proto-Indo-European language" class="Unicode" lang="ine" style="white-space:nowrap;">*yeh₁r-om</span></i> "jaar, seisoen". Nog woorde wat van dieselfde Proto-Indo-Europese term afgelei is, is <i>yārǝ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Avesties" title="Avesties">Avesties</a>), ὥρα (<i>hṓra</i>, <a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a>) en <i>jarŭ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ou_Kerkslawies" title="Ou Kerkslawies">Ou Kerkslawies</a>). </p><p>Die Latynse <i>annus</i> is ’n manlike selfstandige naamwoord (<i>annum</i> is die <a href="/wiki/Akkusatief" title="Akkusatief">akkusatief</a> <a href="/wiki/Enkelvoud" title="Enkelvoud">enkelvoud</a> en <i>annō</i> die <a href="/wiki/Datief" title="Datief">datief</a>) van die Proto-Indo-Europese selfstandige naamwoord <i><span title="Proto-Indo-European language" class="Unicode" lang="ine" style="white-space:nowrap;">*h₂et-no-</span></i>. </p><p>Hoewel die meeste tale die woord as tematies <i>*yeh₁r-o-</i> behandel, is daar getuienis van ’n oorspronklike afleiding met ’n <i>*-r/n</i>-agtervoegsel, <i>*yeh₁-ro-</i>. Albei Indo-Europese woorde vir jaar, <i>*yeh₁-ro-</i> en <i>*h₂et-no-</i>, sou afgelei gewees het van werkwoordstamme wat beteken "om te gaan, beweeg", <i>*h₁ey-</i> en <i>*h₂et-</i> onderskeidelik (vergelyk <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> <i>éti</i> "gaan", <i>atasi</i> "jy gaan, loop"). In Afrikaans word Latynse uitdrukkings gebruik met afleidings van <i>annus</i>, soos <i>per annum</i> ("per jaar"), <i>anno Domini</i> ("in die jaar van ons Here") en <i>annus mirabilis</i> ("wonderjaar"). </p><p>In sommige tale is dit algemeen om jare te tel met verwysing na een seisoen, soos in "somers" of "winters". In Russies word byvoorbeeld benewens год (<i>god</i> "jaar") ook лет (<i>ljet</i>, <a href="/wiki/Genitief" title="Genitief">genitief</a> <a href="/wiki/Meervoud" title="Meervoud">meervoud</a> vir "somer") gebruik. </p><p>Die ISO-standaard ISO 80000-3 gebruik die simbool <i>a</i> (vir die Latynse <i>annus</i>) vir ’n jaar van óf 365 óf 366 dae. In Afrikaans word die afkorting j. vir jaar meestal gebruik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interkalasie">Interkalasie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Interkalasie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Interkalasie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Astronomiese jare het nie ’n heelgetal dae of maanmaande nie. Enige kalender wat ’n astronomiese jaar volg, moet dus ’n stelsel van <a href="/wiki/Interkalasie_(tydmeting)" title="Interkalasie (tydmeting)">interkalasie</a>, soos die invoeging van skrikkeldae, hê. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bogojavlenie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bogojavlenie.jpg/250px-Bogojavlenie.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bogojavlenie.jpg/330px-Bogojavlenie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bogojavlenie.jpg/400px-Bogojavlenie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Die doop van Jesus, een van die <a href="/wiki/Oosters-Ortodokse_Kerk" title="Oosters-Ortodokse Kerk">Oosters-Ortodokse Kerk</a> se vaste feesdae, wat op 6 Januarie gevier word. In kerke wat nog die <a href="/wiki/Juliaanse_kalender" title="Juliaanse kalender">Juliaanse kalender</a> gebruik, val die feesdag volgens die Gregoriaanse kalender op 19 Januarie vanweë die verskil tussen die Gregoriaanse en Juliaanse kalender.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Juliaanse_kalender">Juliaanse kalender</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Juliaanse kalender" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Juliaanse kalender"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In die Juliaanse kalender is die gemiddelde lengte van ’n jaar 365,25 dae. In ’n jaar wat nie ’n skrikkeljaar is nie, is daar 365 dae; in ’n skrikkeljaar is daar 366 dae. ’n Skrikkeljaar kom elke vier jaar voor, wanneer ’n ekstra dag in die maand <a href="/wiki/Februarie" title="Februarie">Februarie</a> geïnterkaleer word. Die ekstra dag word ’n skrikkeldag genoem. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Hersiene_Juliaanse_kalender" class="mw-redirect" title="Hersiene Juliaanse kalender">Hersiene Juliaanse kalender</a>, wat in 1923 voorgestel en in sommige <a href="/wiki/Oosters-Ortodokse_Kerk" title="Oosters-Ortodokse Kerk">Oosters-Ortodokse Kerke</a> gebruik word, het elke 900 jaar 218 skrikkeljare, en dit gee ’n gemiddelde jaarlengte van <span style="white-space:nowrap">365,242<span style="margin-left:.25em">2</span>222</span> dae, amper so lank soos ’n gemiddelde tropiese jaar, <span style="white-space:nowrap">365,242<span style="margin-left:.25em">1</span>9</span> dae. </p><p>In die jaar 2800 n.C. sal die Gregoriaanse en Hersiene Juliaanse kalender begin om met een kalenderdag te verskil.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gregoriaanse_kalender">Gregoriaanse kalender</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Gregoriaanse kalender" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Gregoriaanse kalender"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:316px;"> <table style="background: transparent; border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0; width:312px;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle;"> <td style="padding: auto; margin: 0;" class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Gregory_XIII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Gregory_XIII.jpg/178px-Gregory_XIII.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Gregory_XIII.jpg/267px-Gregory_XIII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Gregory_XIII.jpg/356px-Gregory_XIII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0; width: 2px"> </td> <td style="padding: auto; margin: 0;" class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Inter-grav.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Inter-grav.jpg/250px-Inter-grav.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Inter-grav.jpg/330px-Inter-grav.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="914" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Pous_Gregorius_XIII" title="Pous Gregorius XIII">Pous Gregorius XIII</a>, wat die Gregoriaanse kalender ingestel het.</div> </td> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;"> </td> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;"><div class="thumbcaption">Die pouslike bul wat die kalender aankondig.</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>Die Gregoriaanse kalender is afgelei van die Juliaanse kalender en deur <a href="/wiki/Pous_Gregorius_XIII" title="Pous Gregorius XIII">pous Gregorius XIII</a> ingestel. Dit probeer toesien dat die <a href="/wiki/Dag-en-nag-ewening" title="Dag-en-nag-ewening">Maart-nagewening</a>, of noordwaartse nagewening, op of net voor 21 Maart val en daarom volg dit die <a href="/wiki/Tropiese_jaar" title="Tropiese jaar">tropiese jaar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In die Gregoriaanse kalender is jare wat deur 100 deelbaar is, maar nie deur 400 nie, nie skrikkeljare nie om akkuraatheid te verbeter. Dus was 2000 ’n skrikkeljaar, maar nie 1700, 1800 en 1900 nie. </p><p>Omdat 97 van elke 400 jaar ’n skrikkeljaar is, is die gemiddelde lengte van die Gregoriaanse kalenderjaar <span style="white-space:nowrap">365,2425</span> dae, amper so lank soos die huidige lengte van die gemiddelde tropiese jaar (<span style="white-space:nowrap">365,242<span style="margin-left:.25em">1</span>9</span> dae). </p><p>Daar word geraam dat teen die jaar 4000 n.C. die Maart-nagewening ’n dag vroeër sal wees volgens die Gregoriaanse kalender – nie vanweë die kalender nie, maar omdat die Aarde al hoe stadiger draai en die dae dus langer word. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ander_kalenders">Ander kalenders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Ander kalenders" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ander kalenders"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Histories interkaleer <a href="/wiki/Maansonkalender" title="Maansonkalender">maansonkalenders</a> hele skrikkelmaande. Of ’n skrikkelmaand in ’n sekere jaar bygevoeg moet word of nie, kan bepaal word deur die gebruik van gereelde siklusse soos die 19-jaar-maansiklus (in die <a href="/wiki/Hebreeuse_kalender" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebreeuse kalender">Hebreeuse kalender</a> en in die bepaling van die <a href="/wiki/Paasfees" title="Paasfees">Paastyd</a>) of deur die berekening van <a href="/wiki/Maanfase" title="Maanfase">maanfases</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hindoekalender" title="Hindoekalender">Hindoe-</a> en <a href="/wiki/Chinese_kalender" title="Chinese kalender">Chinese kalender</a>). Die Boeddhistekalender voeg beide ’n skrikkeldag en <span style="white-space:nowrap">-maand</span> by ’n gewoonlik gereelde siklus. </p><p>Dié soort kalenders het meestal in onbruik geraak, behalwe om liturgiese redes (soos die Hebreeuse en verskeie Hindoekalenders). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jaartelling">Jaartelling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Jaartelling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Jaartelling"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In ’n kalender-era word ’n nommer toegeken aan elke opeenvolgende jaar, met ’n verwysingspunt in die verlede as die begin van ’n era. Die wêreldwye standaard is <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a> ("in die jaar van ons Here"), hoewel sommige die term Algemene of Huidige Jaartelling verkies omdat dit nie eksplisiet na die <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a> verwys nie. Dit is in die 6de eeu ingestel en tel jare sedert die geboorte van <a href="/wiki/Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die afkorting van "Anno Domini" is AD, van "Algemene Jaartelling" AJ en van "Huidige Jaartelling" HJ. In Afrikaans word meestal n.C. gebruik, vir "ná Christus". Die jare voor 1 n.C. kry die afkorting v.C. agteraan vir "voor Christus" of VAJ/VHJ<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vir "Voor die Algemene/Huidige Jaartelling". Die jaar 1 n.C. het op 1 v.C. gevolg; daar was geen "jaar nul" nie. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Joodse_kalender" title="Joodse kalender">Joodse jaartelling</a> begin met die jaar waarin die skepping van die wêreld (<i>Anno Mundi</i>) volgens Bybelse berekenings plaasgevind het. Daarom val die "eerste dag" op <a href="/wiki/Roosj_Hasjana" title="Roosj Hasjana">Roosj Hasjana</a> (1 Tishrei), ’n belangrike tweedaagse tydperk van gebed en inkeer wat volgens die Gregoriaanse kalender in September of Oktober plaasvind. Die Joodse jaar begin egter met die maand Nisan (lente), die maand van verlossing toe die volk van <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> uit <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> getrek het. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Islamitiese_kalender" title="Islamitiese kalender">Islamitiese jaartelling</a> begin in die jaar waarin die <i><a href="/wiki/Hidjra" title="Hidjra">hidjra</a></i> (die emigrasie van die profeet <a href="/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed">Mohammed</a> van <a href="/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka">Mekka</a> na <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>) plaasgevind het en kom ooreen met 15 Julie of 16 Julie 622 van die Gregoriaanse kalender. Die Islamitiese kalender word in <a href="/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Saoedi-Arabië">Saoedi-Arabië</a> en enkele omliggende lande as algemene kalender gebruik.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In die alledaagse lewe van die meeste Islamitiese lande word die Gregoriaanse kalender egter gebruik. </p><p>In ’n <a href="/wiki/0_(jaar)" title="0 (jaar)">moderne alternatiewe jaartelling</a> dui positiewe nommers jare ná Christus aan: Jaar 1 is dus 1 n.C. Negatiewe nommers dui jare voor Christus aan, maar verskil daarvan: Die nommer 0 dui op 1 v.C., -1 op 2 v.C., ensovoorts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pragmatiese_verdelings">Pragmatiese verdelings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Pragmatiese verdelings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Pragmatiese verdelings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Finansiële en wetenskaplike berekenings maak dikwels gebruik van ’n kalender van 365 dae om daaglike tariewe of maatstawwe te vereenvoudig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boekjaar">Boekjaar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Boekjaar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Boekjaar"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>’n Finansiële of boekjaar is ’n tydperk van 12 maande wat gebruik word vir die berekening van <a href="/wiki/Finansi%C3%ABle_staat" title="Finansiële staat">finansiële state</a> in <a href="/wiki/Onderneming" title="Onderneming">ondernemings</a> en ander organisasies, asook vir <a href="/wiki/Inkomstebelasting" title="Inkomstebelasting">inkomstebelasting</a>. In baie <a href="/wiki/Reg" title="Reg">regsgebiede</a> vereis regulasies oor <a href="/wiki/Rekeningkunde" title="Rekeningkunde">rekeningkunde</a> dat maatskappye sulke state een keer elke 12 maande publiseer, maar dié 12 maande hoef nie ’n kalenderjaar te wees nie. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> is ’n boekjaar byvoorbeeld van 1 Maart af,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> en <a href="/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië">Indië</a> van 1 April af en in <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a> van 1 Julie af. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Akademiese_jaar">Akademiese jaar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Akademiese jaar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Akademiese jaar"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Holiday_feeeling_in_Tanzanian_School_by_Rasheedhrasheed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Holiday_feeeling_in_Tanzanian_School_by_Rasheedhrasheed.jpg/240px-Holiday_feeeling_in_Tanzanian_School_by_Rasheedhrasheed.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Holiday_feeeling_in_Tanzanian_School_by_Rasheedhrasheed.jpg/360px-Holiday_feeeling_in_Tanzanian_School_by_Rasheedhrasheed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Holiday_feeeling_in_Tanzanian_School_by_Rasheedhrasheed.jpg/480px-Holiday_feeeling_in_Tanzanian_School_by_Rasheedhrasheed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>Die laaste skooldag in <a href="/wiki/Tanzani%C3%AB" title="Tanzanië">Tanzanië</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>’n Akademiese jaar is die jaarlikse tydperk waarin ’n student ’n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opvoedingsinstelling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opvoedingsinstelling (bladsy bestaan nie)">opvoedingsinstelling</a> bywoon. Dit kan in termyne soos <a href="/wiki/Kwartaal" title="Kwartaal">kwartale</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semester (bladsy bestaan nie)">semesters</a> verdeel word. Die skooljaar in sommige lande begin in Januarie en ander lande in Augustus of September. In Israel begin die akademiese jaar omstreeks Oktober of November, om saam te val met die tweede maand van die <a href="/wiki/Hebreeuse_kalender" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebreeuse kalender">Hebreeuse kalender</a>. </p><p>Die skooljaar in <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> word in vier kwartale verdeel. Sommige skole in <a href="/wiki/Brittanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Brittanje">Brittanje</a> en die <a href="/wiki/VSA" class="mw-redirect" title="VSA">VSA</a> verdeel die akademiese jaar in drie termyne wat omtrent ewe lank is en min of meer ooreenstem met die herfs, winter en lente. Ander skole verdeel die jaar rofweg in twee hoofsemesters, waarvan elk in die helfte verdeel kan word deur middeltermyneksamens. </p><p>In Suid-Afrika<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a> is daar min of meer 200 skooldae per jaar, in die VSA 180 en in Kanada, <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Seeland" title="Nieu-Seeland">Nieu-Seeland</a> en Brittanje 190. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Astronomiese_jaar">Astronomiese jaar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Astronomiese jaar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Astronomiese jaar"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Juliaanse_jaar">Juliaanse jaar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Juliaanse jaar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Juliaanse jaar"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Juliaanse jaar, soos dit in sterrekunde en ander wetenskappe gebruik word, is ’n eenheid van presies 365,25 dae. Dit is die gewone betekenis van die woord "jaar" in verskeie wetenskaplike kontekste. Die Juliaanse eeu van <span style="white-space:nowrap">36 525</span> dae en Juliaanse millennium van <span style="white-space:nowrap">365 250</span> dae word in sterrekundige berekenings gebruik. Om ’n tydperk in Juliaanse jare aan te gee is ’n manier om aan te dui presies hoeveel dae (en nie "regte" jare nie) iets geduur het waar die aangee van die getal dae onprakties sou wees. Die Juliaanse jaar word ook gebruik in die berekening van die afstand wat in ’n <a href="/wiki/Ligjaar" title="Ligjaar">ligjaar</a> afgelê word. </p><p>In die Unified Code for Units of Measure verwys die simbool <i>a</i> altyd na die Juliaanse jaar, of <i>a<sub>j</sub></i>, of presies <span style="white-space:nowrap">31 557 600</span> sekondes. </p> <dl><dd>365,25 dae van <span style="white-space:nowrap">86 400</span> sekondes = 1 <i>a</i> = 1 <i>a<sub>j</sub></i> = <span style="white-space:nowrap">31,5576</span> miljoen sekondes.</dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="SI">SI</a>-voorvoegsels kan aangelas word soos <i>ka</i> (kilo-annus, vir duisend jaar), <i>Ma</i> (mega-annus, vir miljoen jaar), ensovoorts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sideriese,_tropiese_en_anomalistiese_jaar"><span id="Sideriese.2C_tropiese_en_anomalistiese_jaar"></span>Sideriese, tropiese en anomalistiese jaar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Sideriese, tropiese en anomalistiese jaar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Sideriese, tropiese en anomalistiese jaar"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Earth_precession.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Earth_precession.svg/190px-Earth_precession.svg.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Earth_precession.svg/285px-Earth_precession.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Earth_precession.svg/380px-Earth_precession.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption>Die Aarde se presessie. Die Aarde roteer (wit pyle) een keer per dag om sy draaias (rooi). Dié as roteer self stadigaan (wit sirkel). As gevolg hiervan is die tropiese jaar sowat 20 minute korter as die sideriese jaar.</figcaption></figure> <p>Elk van dié drie jare kan rofweg ’n "astronomiese jaar" genoem word. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Sideriese_jaar" title="Sideriese jaar">sideriese jaar</a> is die tyd wat die Aarde neem om een keer om die Son te wentel, soos gemeet teen ’n vaste verwysingsraamwerk (soos die <a href="/wiki/Ster" title="Ster">sterre</a>; Latyn <i>sidera</i>, enkelvoud <i>sidus</i>). Dit is dus die tyd wat die Son neem om terug te keer na dieselfde posisie teen die agtergrond van vaste sterre nadat dit oënskynlik een keer om die <a href="/wiki/Sonnebaan" title="Sonnebaan">sonnebaan</a> beweeg het. Die gemiddelde duur daarvan is <span style="white-space:nowrap">365,256<span style="margin-left:.25em">3</span>63<span style="margin-left:.25em">0</span>04</span> dae (365 d 6 h 9 m 9,76 s; by die <a href="/wiki/Epog_(sterrekunde)" title="Epog (sterrekunde)">epog J2000.0</a> = 1 Januarie 2000, 12:00:00 <a href="/wiki/Terrestriale_Tyd" title="Terrestriale Tyd">Terrestriale Tyd</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vandag word die gemiddelde <a href="/wiki/Tropiese_jaar" title="Tropiese jaar">tropiese jaar</a> gedefinieer as die tydperk waarin die gemiddelde <a href="/wiki/Lengtegraad" title="Lengtegraad">ekliptiese lengtegraad</a> van die Son met 360 grade toeneem.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Omdat die Son se ekliptiese lengtegraad gemeet word ten opsigte van die <a href="/wiki/Dag-en-nag-ewening" title="Dag-en-nag-ewening">nagewening</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> omvat die tropiese jaar ’n volle siklus van die seisoene. Vanweë die biologiese en sosiaalekonomiese belangrikheid van die seisoene, is die tropiese jaar die basis van die meeste kalenders. </p><p>Die moderne definisie van "gemiddelde tropiese jaar" verskil van die werklike tyd tussen posisies, byvoorbeeld die noordwaartse nagewening, om verskeie redes wat onder verduidelik word. As gevolg van die Aarde se <a href="/wiki/Aksiale_presessie" title="Aksiale presessie">aksiale presessie</a>, is dit sowat 20 minute korter as die sideriese jaar. Die gemiddelde tropiese jaar is sowat 365 dae, 5 uur, 48 minute, 45 sekondes volgens die moderne definisie.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (= 365,242 19 dae van 86 400 sekondes) </p><p>Die anomalistiese jaar is die tyd waarin die Aarde een omwenteling met betrekking tot sy <a href="/wiki/Apside" title="Apside">apsides</a> voltooi. Die Aarde se wentelbaan is ovaal; die uiterse punte, wat apsides genoem word, is die <a href="/wiki/Perihelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelium">perihelium</a>, waar die Aarde die naaste aan die Son is (5 Januarie 07:48 <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UT</a> in 2020), en die <a href="/wiki/Afelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Afelium">afelium</a>, waar dit die verste is (4 Julie 11:35 UT in 2020). Die anomalistiese jaar word gewoonlik gedefinieer as die verloop van tyd tussen periheliumposisies. Dit duur gemiddeld 365,259 636 dae (365 d 6 h 13 min 52,6 s) (by die epog J2011.0).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drakoniese_jaar">Drakoniese jaar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Drakoniese jaar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Drakoniese jaar"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die drakoniese of ekliptiese jaar is die tyd waarin die Son (soos van die Aarde af gesien) een omwenteling voltooi met betrekking tot dieselfde <a href="/wiki/Maanknoop" title="Maanknoop">maanknoop</a> (’n punt waar die Maan se wentelbaan dié van die Son kruis). Die jaar word verbind met <a href="/wiki/Verduistering" title="Verduistering">eklipse</a>: Hulle kom net voor wanneer die Son en Maan naby hierdie knope is; eklipse kom dus voor binne ’n maand van elke halwe ekliptiese jaar. Dus is daar twee ekliptiese seisoene in elke ekliptiese jaar. Die gemiddelde duur van die ekliptiese jaar is: </p> <dl><dd><span style="white-space:nowrap">346,620<span style="margin-left:.25em">0</span>75<span style="margin-left:.25em">8</span>83</span> dae (346 d 14 h 52 m 54 s) (by die epog J2000.0).</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volmaansiklus">Volmaansiklus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Volmaansiklus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Volmaansiklus"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die volmaansiklus is die tyd waarin die Son (soos van die Aarde af gesien) een omwenteling voltooi met betrekking tot die <a href="/wiki/Perigeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Perigeum">perigeum</a> (naaste afstand) van die Maan se wentelbaan. Dié tydperk word verbind met die oënskynlike grootte van die <a href="/wiki/Volmaan" title="Volmaan">volmaan</a>, en ook met die wisselende duur van die <a href="/wiki/Sinodiese_maand" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinodiese maand">sinodiese maand</a>. Die duur van ’n volle volmaansiklus is: </p> <dl><dd><span style="white-space:nowrap">411,784<span style="margin-left:.25em">4</span>30<span style="margin-left:.25em">2</span>9</span> dae (411 d 18 h 49 m 35 s) (by die epog J2000.0).</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maanjaar">Maanjaar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Maanjaar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Maanjaar"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maanjaar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maanjaar (bladsy bestaan nie)">maanjaar</a> omvat 12 volle siklusse van die <a href="/wiki/Maanfase" title="Maanfase">maanfases</a>, soos van die Aarde af gesien. Dit duur sowat 354,37 dae. <a href="/wiki/Moslems" class="mw-redirect" title="Moslems">Moslems</a> gebruik dit vir die viering van hulle eids en om die begin van die <a href="/wiki/Vastyd" title="Vastyd">vasmaand</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> aan te dui. ’n <a href="/wiki/Islamitiese_kalender" title="Islamitiese kalender">Islamitiese kalenderjaar</a> is op die maansiklus gebaseer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voldagjaar">Voldagjaar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Voldagjaar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Voldagjaar"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dit is ’n heelgetalweergawe van ’n jaar en is 365 dae lank. Dit wyk dus af van meer presiese jare. ’n Voldagjaar word gewoonlik verdeel in 12 maande van 30 dae elk plus vyf <a href="/wiki/Interkalasie_(tydmeting)" title="Interkalasie (tydmeting)">ingevoegde</a> dae. Dit is gebruik in die kalenders van <a href="/wiki/Ethiopi%C3%AB" title="Ethiopië">Ethiopië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antieke_Egipte" title="Antieke Egipte">Antieke Egipte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Armenië">Armenië</a> en in <a href="/wiki/Meso-Amerika" title="Meso-Amerika">Meso-Amerika</a> onder die <a href="/wiki/Asteke" title="Asteke">Asteke</a> en <a href="/wiki/Maja" title="Maja">Maja</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit word steeds gebruik deur baie <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrisme" title="Zoroastrisme">Zoroastristiese</a> gemeenskappe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heliakiese_jaar">Heliakiese jaar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Heliakiese jaar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Heliakiese jaar"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>’n Heliakiese jaar is die tussenposes tussen die heliakiese opkoms van ’n ster (wanneer ’n ster elke jaar vir ’n kort rukkie voor sonsopkoms bo die horison verskyn nadat dit ’n ruk lank nie sigbaar was nie). Dit verskil van die sideriese jaar vir sterre weg van die <a href="/wiki/Sonnebaan" title="Sonnebaan">sonnebaan</a> vanweë hoofsaaklik aksiale presessie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sothis-jaar">Sothis-jaar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Sothis-jaar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Sothis-jaar"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Sothis-jaar is die tussenposes tussen die heliakiese opkomste van die ster <a href="/wiki/Sirius" title="Sirius">Sirius</a>. Dit is tans korter as die sideriese jaar en baie na aan die Juliaanse jaar van 365,25 dae. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gaussiese_jaar">Gaussiese jaar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Gaussiese jaar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Gaussiese jaar"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Gaussiese jaar is die sideriese jaar vir ’n planeet met ’n onbeduidende <a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">massa</a> (in vergelyking met die Son), en onversteur deur ander planete, wat beheer word deur die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaussiese_swaartekragkonstante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaussiese swaartekragkonstante (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gaussiese swaartekragkonstante</a>. So ’n planeet sou effens nader aan die Son gewees het as die Aarde. Die lengte van ’n Gaussiese jaar is: </p> <dl><dd><span style="white-space:nowrap">365,256<span style="margin-left:.25em">8</span>983</span> dae (365 d 6 h 9 m 56 s).</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wisselings_in_die_jaar-_en_daglengte">Wisselings in die jaar- en daglengte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Wysig afdeling: Wisselings in die jaar- en daglengte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Wisselings in die jaar- en daglengte"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Earth-lighting-equinox_af.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Earth-lighting-equinox_af.png/300px-Earth-lighting-equinox_af.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Earth-lighting-equinox_af.png/450px-Earth-lighting-equinox_af.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Earth-lighting-equinox_af.png/600px-Earth-lighting-equinox_af.png 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Tydens ’n nagewening is die Aarde nie na of weg van die Son gedraai nie en is die dag en nag dus op alle plekke op Aarde ewe lank.</figcaption></figure> <p>Die presiese lengte van ’n astronomiese jaar wissel mettertyd. </p> <ul><li>Die posisie van die nagewenings en sonstilstande met betrekking tot die apsides van die Aarde se wentelbaan verander: Die nagewenings en sonstilstande beweeg weswaarts met betrekking tot die sterre vanweë presessie, en die apsides beweeg in die teenoorgestelde rigting vanweë die langtermynuitwerking van swaartekragaantrekking deur die ander planete. Omdat die spoed van die Aarde wissel volgens sy posisie in sy wentelbaan soos gemeet vanaf sy perihelium, verander die Aarde se spoed wanneer dit in ’n nagewenings- en sonstilstandpunt is mettertyd: As so ’n punt nader aan die perihelium skuif, sal die tussenpose tussen twee posisies van jaar tot jaar ’n bietjie afneem; as die punt nader aan die afelium beweeg, sal die tussenpose van jaar tot jaar ’n bietjie toeneem. So ’n "tropiese jaar" wat gemeet word van een posisie by die noordwaartse of Maart-nagewening tot die volgende, verskil van een wat gemeet word van een posisie by die suidwaartse of September-nagewening tot die volgende. Die gemiddelde oor die volle wentelbaan verander nie hieroor nie, en dus verander die lengte van die tropiese jaar nie.</li> <li>Elke planeet se beweging word deur die swaartekrag van elke ander planeet versteur. Dit lei tot korttermynwisselings in die Aarde se spoed, en dus sy wentelperiode van jaar tot jaar. Dit bring ook langtermynveranderings in sy wentelbaan mee, en dus ook langtermynveranderings in sy wentelperiode.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gety" title="Gety">Getykragte</a> tussen die Aarde en die Maan en Son laat die lengte van die dag en die maand toeneem (deur die oordrag van <a href="/wiki/Hoekmomentum" title="Hoekmomentum">hoekmomentum</a> van die rotasie van die Aarde na die wenteling van die Maan). Omdat die oënskynlike gemiddelde son-dag die eenheid is waarmee gewone mense die lengte van die jaar meet, voel dit of die lengte van die jaar korter word. Die Aarde se draaiing word ook deur ander faktore beïnvloed soos die uitsetting van die Aarde vanweë dunner <a href="/wiki/Ys" title="Ys">yslae</a> en die styging van die <a href="/wiki/Oseaan" title="Oseaan">seevlakke</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gemiddelde_jaarlengtes">Gemiddelde jaarlengtes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Wysig afdeling: Gemiddelde jaarlengtes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Gemiddelde jaarlengtes"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gemiddelde jaarlengtes in hierdie afdeling word aangedui vir 2000, en verskille in jaarlengtes in vergelyking met 2000 word vir jare in die verlede en toekoms aangedui. In die tabelle is ’n dag 86 400 sekondes lank.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table border="1" class="wikitable"> <caption>Gemiddelde jaarlengtes vir 2000 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Soort jaar</th> <th>Dae</th> <th>Ure</th> <th>Minute</th> <th>Sekondes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Tropiese jaar</td> <td>365</td> <td>5</td> <td>48</td> <td>45 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sideriese jaar</td> <td>365</td> <td>6</td> <td>9</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anomalistiese jaar</td> <td>365</td> <td>6</td> <td>13</td> <td>53 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ekliptiese jaar</td> <td>346</td> <td>14</td> <td>52</td> <td>55 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table border="1" class="wikitable"> <caption>Verskille in jaarlengtes teenoor 2000 <br />(sekondes; positief as die jaar langer is as 2000) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Jaar</th> <th>Tropies</th> <th>Sideries</th> <th>Anomalisties</th> <th>Eklipties </th></tr> <tr> <td>−4000</td> <td>−8</td> <td>−45</td> <td>−15</td> <td>−174 </td></tr> <tr> <td>−2000</td> <td>4</td> <td>−19</td> <td>−11</td> <td>−116 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>7</td> <td>−4</td> <td>−5</td> <td>−57 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4000</td> <td>−14</td> <td>−3</td> <td>5</td> <td>54 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6000</td> <td>−35</td> <td>−12</td> <td>10</td> <td>104 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opsomming">Opsomming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Wysig afdeling: Opsomming" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Opsomming"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Dae </th> <th scope="col">Soort jaar </th></tr> <tr> <td>346,62</td> <td>Drakonies, ook genoem eklipties. </td></tr> <tr> <td>354,37</td> <td>Maanjaar. </td></tr> <tr> <td>365</td> <td>Afwykend, en ’n algemene jaar in sommige sonkalenders. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap">365,242<span style="margin-left:.25em">1</span>9</span></td> <td>Tropies, gemiddeld en daarna afgerond vir epog J2000.0. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap">365,2425</span></td> <td>Gregoriaans, gemiddeld. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap">365,25</span></td> <td>Juliaans. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap">365,256<span style="margin-left:.25em">3</span>6</span></td> <td>Sideries, vir epog J2000.0. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap">365,259<span style="margin-left:.25em">6</span>36</span></td> <td>Anomalisties, gemiddeld en daarna afgerond vir epog J2000.0. </td></tr> <tr> <td>366</td> <td>Skrikkeljaar in baie sonkalenders. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>’n Gemiddelde Gregoriaanse jaar is 365,2425 dae (52,1775 <a href="/wiki/Week" title="Week">weke</a>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">8 765,82</span> uur, <span style="white-space:nowrap">525 949,2</span> minute of <span style="white-space:nowrap">31 556 952</span> sekondes). Vir hierdie kalender is ’n algemene jaar 365 dae (<span style="white-space:nowrap">8 760</span> uur, <span style="white-space:nowrap">525 600</span> minute of <span style="white-space:nowrap">31 536 000</span> sekondes), en ’n skrikkeljaar is 366 dae (<span style="white-space:nowrap">8 784</span> uur, <span style="white-space:nowrap">527 040</span> minute of <span style="white-space:nowrap">31 622 400</span> sekondes). Die 400-jaarsiklus van die Gregoriaanse kalender het <span style="white-space:nowrap">146 097</span> dae en dus presies <span style="white-space:nowrap">20 871</span> weke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seisoenale_jaar">Seisoenale jaar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Wysig afdeling: Seisoenale jaar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Seisoenale jaar"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>’n Seisoenale jaar is die tyd tussen opeenvolgende gebeure wat met ’n <a href="/wiki/Seisoen" title="Seisoen">seisoen</a> verband hou, soos die oorstroming van ’n <a href="/wiki/Rivier" title="Rivier">rivier</a>, die migrasie van ’n <a href="/wiki/Vo%C3%ABl" title="Voël">voël</a><a href="/wiki/Spesie" title="Spesie">spesie</a>, die blom van ’n <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plantspesie</a>, die eerste <a href="/wiki/Ryp" title="Ryp">ryp</a> of die eerste wedstryd van ’n sekere <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sportsoort</a>. Al hierdie gebeure kan in ’n groot mate van jaar tot jaar wissel, met tot ’n maand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galaktiese_jaar">Galaktiese jaar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Wysig afdeling: Galaktiese jaar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Galaktiese jaar"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die galaktiese jaar is die tyd waarin die <a href="/wiki/Sonnestelsel" title="Sonnestelsel">Sonnestelsel</a> om die middel van die <a href="/wiki/Melkweg" title="Melkweg">Melkweg</a> wentel. Dit is rofweg 230 miljoen aardjare<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en is 'n gerieflike eenheid om kosmiese en geologiese typerke saam mee weer te gee. (Miljoene jare gee aanleiding tot te groot getalle en biljoene jare is te lank om werklik van toespassing op geologiese tydperke te wees.)<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die Sonnestelsel beweeg teen 'n gemiddelde spoed van 230 km/s (828 000 km/h) in sy wentelbaan om die galaktiese sentrum,<sup id="cite_ref-StarChild_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StarChild-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wat ooreenstem met 'n voorwerp wat in 2 minute 54 sekondes om die Aarde se <a href="/wiki/Ewenaar" title="Ewenaar">ewenaar</a> beweeg; dit is sowat 1/1300 van die <a href="/wiki/Ligsnelheid" title="Ligsnelheid">ligsnelheid</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afkortings">Afkortings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Wysig afdeling: Afkortings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Afkortings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soos reeds gesê, word die simbool <i>a</i> in die ISO-standaard ISO 80000-3 vir ’n jaar as eenheid van tyd gebruik, en dit kom van die Latynse woord <i>annus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-How_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Afrikaans word jaar gewoonlik nie afgekort nie, maar indien wel, word die afkorting j. meestal gebruik. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a> word die afkortings <i>y</i> of <i>yr</i> meer algemeen gebruik in niewetenskaplike geskrifte, maar veral ook in <a href="/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie">geologie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Paleontologie" title="Paleontologie">paleontologie</a>, waar <i>kyr</i>, <i>myr</i>, <i>byr</i> (onderskeidelik duisende, miljoene en miljarde jare) en soortgelyk afkortings gebruik word om tydperke lank voor of ná die huidige tyd aan te dui.<sup id="cite_ref-How_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AGUStyle_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGUStyle-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strat_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strat-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simbole">Simbole</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Wysig afdeling: Simbole" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Simbole"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Unified Code for Units of Measure<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> maak ’n onderskeid tussen verskeie simbole vir die verskillende soorte jaar: </p> <dl><dd><i>a<sub>t</sub></i> = <span style="white-space:nowrap">365,242<span style="margin-left:.25em">1</span>9</span> dae van die gemiddelde tropiese jaar;</dd> <dd><i>a<sub>j</sub></i> = 365,25 dae van die gemiddelde Juliaanse jaar;</dd> <dd><i>a<sub>g</sub></i> = <span style="white-space:nowrap">365,2425</span> dae van die gemiddelde Gregoriaanse jaar;</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SI-voorvoegsels">SI-voorvoegsels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Wysig afdeling: SI-voorvoegsels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: SI-voorvoegsels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die volgende SI-voorvoegsels word gebruik veral in berekenings en om plek te bespaar, soos in tabelle met data. </p> <ul><li><b>ka</b> (vir <b>kilo-annum</b>) – <a href="/wiki/Duisend" title="Duisend">duisend</a>, of 10<sup>3</sup>, jaar, ook bekend as ’n <a href="/wiki/Millennium" title="Millennium">millennium</a>. Dit word gewoonlik in geologie, paleontologie en <a href="/wiki/Argeologie" title="Argeologie">argeologie</a> gebruik vir die <a href="/wiki/Periode_(geologie)" title="Periode (geologie)">periodes</a> <a href="/wiki/Holoseen" title="Holoseen">Holoseen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Pleistoseen" title="Pleistoseen">Pleistoseen</a>.</li> <li><b>Ma</b> (vir <b>mega-annum</b>) – ’n <a href="/wiki/Miljoen" title="Miljoen">miljoen</a>, of 10<sup>6</sup>, jaar. Die <a href="/wiki/Dinosourus" title="Dinosourus">dinosourusspesie</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus_rex" title="Tyrannosaurus rex">Tyrannosaurus rex</a></i> het byvoorbeeld sowat 66 Ma (66 miljoen jaar) gelede floreer.</li> <li><b>Ga</b> (vir <b>giga-annum</b>) – ’n <a href="/wiki/Miljard" title="Miljard">miljard</a>, of 10<sup>9</sup>, jaar. Soms word van "duisend miljoen jaar" gepraat. Voorbeelde is die vorming van die Aarde sowat 4,54 Ga (4,54 miljard jaar) gelede en die <a href="/wiki/Heelal" title="Heelal">heelal</a> wat sowat 13,8 Ga oud is.</li> <li><b>Ta</b> (vir tera-annum) – ’n <a href="/wiki/Biljoen" title="Biljoen">biljoen</a>, of 10<sup>12</sup>, jaar. Dit is ’n besonder lang tyd, sowat 70 keer so lank as die ouderdom van die heelal. Dit is omtrent so lank as die leeftyd van ’n klein <a href="/wiki/Rooidwerg" title="Rooidwerg">rooidwerg</a>.</li> <li><b>Pa</b> (vir peta-annum) – ’n <a href="/wiki/Kort_en_lang_skaalverdeling#Vergelyking" title="Kort en lang skaalverdeling">biljard</a>, of 10<sup>15</sup>, jaar. Die <a href="/wiki/Halfleeftyd" title="Halfleeftyd">halveringstyd</a> van die nuklied <a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">kadmium-113</a> is sowat 8 Pa.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Ea</b> (vir eksa-annum) – ’n <a href="/wiki/Kort_en_lang_skaalverdeling#Vergelyking" title="Kort en lang skaalverdeling">triljoen</a>, of 10<sup>18</sup>, jaar. Die halveringstyd van <a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">wolfram-180</a> is 1,8 Ea.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iau.org/science/publications/proceedings_rules/units/">"SI units"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Astronomiese_Unie" class="mw-redirect" title="Internasionale Astronomiese Unie">IAU</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Februarie</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SI+units&rft.pub=IAU&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iau.org%2Fscience%2Fpublications%2Fproceedings_rules%2Funits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span> (Sien Tabel 5 en Afdeling 5.15.) Herdruk van: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFWilkins1989" class="citation journal cs1">Wilkins, George A. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iau.org/static/publications/stylemanual1989.pdf">"The IAU Style Manual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IAU Transactions</i>. <b>XXB</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IAU+Transactions&rft.atitle=The+IAU+Style+Manual&rft.volume=XXB&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=George+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iau.org%2Fstatic%2Fpublications%2Fstylemanual1989.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFShields1924" class="citation journal cs1">Shields, Miriam Nancy (1924). "The new calendar of the eastern churches". <i>Popular Astronomy</i>. <b>32</b>: 407. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1924PA.....32..407S">1924PA.....32..407S</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Astronomy&rft.atitle=The+new+calendar+of+the+eastern+churches&rft.volume=32&rft.pages=407&rft.date=1924&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1924PA.....32..407S&rft.aulast=Shields&rft.aufirst=Miriam+Nancy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFZiggelaar1983" class="citation book cs1">Ziggelaar, A. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?journal=grc..&year=1983&volume=book&letter=.&db_key=GEN&page_ind=230&plate_select=NO&data_type=GIF&type=SCREEN_GIF&classic=YES">"The Papal Bull of 1582 Promulgating a Reform of the Calendar"</a>. In G. V. Coyne; M. A. Hoskin; O. Pedersen (reds.). <i>Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary</i>. Vatican City: Pontifical Academy of Sciences. p. 223.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Papal+Bull+of+1582+Promulgating+a+Reform+of+the+Calendar&rft.btitle=Gregorian+Reform+of+the+Calendar%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Vatican+Conference+to+Commemorate+its+400th+Anniversary&rft.place=Vatican+City&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Pontifical+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Ziggelaar&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.adsabs.harvard.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnph-iarticle_query%3Fjournal%3Dgrc..%26year%3D1983%26volume%3Dbook%26letter%3D.%26db_key%3DGEN%26page_ind%3D230%26plate_select%3DNO%26data_type%3DGIF%26type%3DSCREEN_GIF%26classic%3DYES&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFRichards2013" class="citation book cs1">Richards, E.G. (2013). "Calendars". In Urban, S.E.; Seidelmann, P.K. (reds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190430134555/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/publications/docs/c15_usb_online.pdf"><i>Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (3rd uitg.). Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books. pp. 585, 590. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-891389-85-6" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-891389-85-6"><bdi>978-1-891389-85-6</bdi></a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aa.usno.navy.mil/publications/docs/c15_usb_online.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> op 30 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">28 Julie</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Calendars&rft.btitle=Explanatory+Supplement+to+the+Astronomical+Almanac&rft.place=Mill+Valley%2C+CA&rft.pages=585%2C+590&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=University+Science+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-891389-85-6&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=E.G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faa.usno.navy.mil%2Fpublications%2Fdocs%2Fc15_usb_online.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"VHJ" in die <a href="/wiki/HAT" class="mw-redirect" title="HAT">HAT</a>. Aanlyn by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viva-afrikaans.org/">viva-afrikaans.org</a> (intekening nodig). Besoek op 29 Julie 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180426223352/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/islam_nl.htm">"De Islamitische Tijdrekening"</a> (in Nederlands). Universiteit van Utrecht. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/islam_nl.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 26 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">12 Desember</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=De+Islamitische+Tijdrekening&rft.pub=Universiteit+van+Utrecht&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.staff.science.uu.nl%2F~gent0113%2Fislam%2Fislam_nl.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sars.gov.za/Tax-Rates/Pages/default.aspx#:~:text=2019%20tax%20year%20is%201,March%202015%20%E2%80%93%2029%20February%202016">What are tax rates?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728170348/https://www.sars.gov.za/Tax-Rates/Pages/default.aspx#:~:text=2019%20tax%20year%20is%201,March%202015%20%E2%80%93%2029%20February%202016">Geargiveer</a> 28 Julie 2020 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> SARS. Laas bygewerk op 26 Februarie 2020. Besoek op 28 Julie 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wcedonline.westerncape.gov.za/circulars/minutes17/IDCminutes/aimgp2_17.html">Skoolkwartale en Openbare Vakansiedae vir 2018 (Binnelandse en Kusprovinsies)</a>, Wes-Kaapse regering. 2017. Besoek op 28 Julie 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">International Earth Rotation and Reference System Service. (2010).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/models/constants.html">IERS EOP PC Useful constants.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richards, E.G. (2013). Calendars. In S.E. Urban & P.K. Seidelmann (reds.), <i>Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac</i> (3de uitg.). Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books. p. 586.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecM/Glossary.html#longitude-ecliptic">longitude, ecliptic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819204825/http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecM/Glossary.html#longitude-ecliptic">Geargiveer</a> 19 Augustus 2017 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" en "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecM/Glossary.html#dynamical-equinox">dynamical equinox</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819204825/http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecM/Glossary.html#dynamical-equinox">Geargiveer</a> 19 Augustus 2017 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". (2018). In "Glossary", <i>The Astronomical Almanac Online</i>. United States Naval Observatory.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819204825/http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecM/Glossary.html#y"><i>Astronomical Almanac for the Year 2011</i></a>. Washington and Taunton: U.S. Government Printing Office and the U.K. Hydrographic Office. 2009. p. M18 (Glossary). Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecM/Glossary.html#y">die oorspronklike</a> op 19 Augustus 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">28 Julie</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronomical+Almanac+for+the+Year+2011&rft.place=Washington+and+Taunton&rft.pages=M18+%28Glossary%29&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office+and+the+U.K.+Hydrographic+Office&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasa.usno.navy.mil%2FSecM%2FGlossary.html%23y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Astronomical Almanac for the Year 2011</i>. Washington en Taunton: US Government Printing Office en die UK Hydrographic Office. 2009. pp. A1, C2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronomical+Almanac+for+the+Year+2011&rft.place=Washington+en+Taunton&rft.pages=A1%2C+C2&rft.pub=US+Government+Printing+Office+en+die+UK+Hydrographic+Office&rft.date=2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mayacalendar.com/descripcion.html">Calendar Description and Coordination</a> Maya World Studies Center</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Naval_Observatory_Nautical_Almanac_Office_and_Her_Majesty's_Nautical_Almanac_Office2010" class="citation book cs1">U.S. Naval Observatory Nautical Almanac Office and Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office (2010). <i>Astronomical Almanac for the year 2011</i>. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. C2, L8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronomical+Almanac+for+the+year+2011&rft.place=Washington&rft.pages=C2%2C+L8&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2010&rft.au=U.S.+Naval+Observatory+Nautical+Almanac+Office+and+Her+Majesty%27s+Nautical+Almanac+Office&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFSimonBretagnonChaprontChapront-Touzé1994" class="citation journal cs1">Simon, J.L.; Bretagnon, P.; Chapront, J.; Chapront-Touzé, M.; Francou, G.; Laskar, J. (Februarie 1994). "Numerical expressions for precession formulae and mean elements for the Moon and planets". <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. <b>282</b> (2): 663–683. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994A&A...282..663S">1994A&A...282..663S</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=Numerical+expressions+for+precession+formulae+and+mean+elements+for+the+Moon+and+planets&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=663-683&rft.date=1994-02&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994A%26A...282..663S&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=J.L.&rft.au=Bretagnon%2C+P.&rft.au=Chapront%2C+J.&rft.au=Chapront-Touz%C3%A9%2C+M.&rft.au=Francou%2C+G.&rft.au=Laskar%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFTaff1985" class="citation book cs1">Taff, Lawrence G. (1985). <i>Celestial Mechanics: A Computational Guide for the Practitioner</i>. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-471-89316-5" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-471-89316-5"><bdi>978-0-471-89316-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celestial+Mechanics%3A+A+Computational+Guide+for+the+Practitioner&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-471-89316-5&rft.aulast=Taff&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span> Waardes in tabelle is na aan mekaar vir 2000, en verskil met tot 44 sekondes vir jare die verste in die verlede of toekoms.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100307191635/http://www.orau.gov/sciencebowl/teams/files/astrset2.pdf">"Science Bowl Questions, Astronomy, Set 2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Science Bowl Practice Questions</i>. Oak Ridge Associated Universities. 2009. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orau.gov/SCIENCEBOWL/teams/files/astrset2.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> op Maart 7, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">Desember 9,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+Bowl+Practice+Questions&rft.atitle=Science+Bowl+Questions%2C+Astronomy%2C+Set+2&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orau.gov%2FSCIENCEBOWL%2Fteams%2Ffiles%2Fastrset2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timeline-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-timeline_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vendian.org/mncharity/dir3/geologic_time_galactic">Geologic Time Scale – as 18 galactic rotations</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StarChild-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-StarChild_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question18.html">http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question18.html</a> NASA – StarChild Question of the Month for February 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-How-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-How_21-0">21,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-How_21-1">21,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFRuss_Rowlett" class="citation web cs1">Russ Rowlett. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220111445/http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/dictA.html">"Units: A"</a>. <i>How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement</i>. University of North Carolina. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/dictA.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 20 Desember 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Januarie</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=How+Many%3F+A+Dictionary+of+Units+of+Measurement&rft.atitle=Units%3A+A&rft.au=Russ+Rowlett&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unc.edu%2F~rowlett%2Funits%2FdictA.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AGUStyle-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AGUStyle_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918210347/https://www.agu.org/Publish-with-AGU/Publish/Author-Resources/Grammar-Style-Guide#datetime">"AGU publications: Grammar and Style Guide"</a>. American Geophysical Union. 1 September 2017. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agu.org/Publish-with-AGU/Publish/Author-Resources/Grammar-Style-Guide#datetime">die oorspronklike</a> op 18 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 Januarie</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AGU+publications%3A+Grammar+and+Style+Guide&rft.pub=American+Geophysical+Union&rft.date=2017-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agu.org%2FPublish-with-AGU%2FPublish%2FAuthor-Resources%2FGrammar-Style-Guide%23datetime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> timestamp mismatch (<a href="/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute#archive_date_url_ts_mismatch" title="Hulp:AS1-foute">hulp</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strat-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Strat_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFNorth_American_Commission_on_Stratigraphic_Nomenclature2005" class="citation journal cs1">North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature (November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202155725/http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/NACSN/Code2/code2.html#Article13">"North American Stratigraphic Code"</a>. <i>The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin</i> (Article 13 (c) uitg.). <b>89</b> (11): 1547–1591. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1306%2F07050504129">10.1306/07050504129</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/NACSN/Code2/code2.html#Article13">die oorspronklike</a> op 2 Februarie 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">28 Julie</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists+Bulletin&rft.atitle=North+American+Stratigraphic+Code&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1547-1591&rft.date=2005-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1306%2F07050504129&rft.au=North+American+Commission+on+Stratigraphic+Nomenclature&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fngmdb.usgs.gov%2FInfo%2FNACSN%2FCode2%2Fcode2.html%23Article13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFGunther_SchadowClement_J._McDonald" class="citation web cs1">Gunther Schadow; Clement J. McDonald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080520112256/http://aurora.rg.iupui.edu/UCUM/">"Unified Code for Units of Measure"</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aurora.rg.iupui.edu/ucum">die oorspronklike</a> op 20 Mei 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unified+Code+for+Units+of+Measure&rft.au=Gunther+Schadow&rft.au=Clement+J.+McDonald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faurora.rg.iupui.edu%2Fucum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFP._Belli2007" class="citation journal cs1">P. Belli; et al. (2007). "Investigation of β decay of <sup>113</sup>Cd". <i>Phys. Rev. C</i>. <b>76</b> (6): 064603. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PhRvC..76f4603B">2007PhRvC..76f4603B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevC.76.064603">10.1103/PhysRevC.76.064603</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phys.+Rev.+C&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+%CE%B2+decay+of+%3Csup%3E113%3C%2Fsup%3ECd&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=064603&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevC.76.064603&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007PhRvC..76f4603B&rft.au=P.+Belli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFF.A._Danevich2003" class="citation journal cs1">F.A. Danevich; et al. (2003). "α activity of natural tungsten isotopes". <i>Phys. Rev. C</i>. <b>67</b> (1): 014310. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Vrylik beskikbaar"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-ex/0211013">nucl-ex/0211013</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhRvC..67a4310D">2003PhRvC..67a4310D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevC.67.014310">10.1103/PhysRevC.67.014310</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phys.+Rev.+C&rft.atitle=%CE%B1+activity+of+natural+tungsten+isotopes&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=014310&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fnucl-ex%2F0211013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevC.67.014310&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003PhRvC..67a4310D&rft.au=F.A.+Danevich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nog_leesstof">Nog leesstof</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Wysig afdeling: Nog leesstof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Nog leesstof"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFFraser1987" class="citation book cs1">Fraser, Julius Thomas (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/timefamiliarstra0000fras"><i>Time, the Familiar Stranger</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988tfs..book.....F">1988tfs..book.....F</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-87023-576-4" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-87023-576-4"><bdi>978-0-87023-576-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/15790499">15790499</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Time%2C+the+Familiar+Stranger&rft.place=Amherst&rft.edition=Ge%C3%AFllustreerde&rft.pub=University+of+Massachusetts+Press&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F15790499&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988tfs..book.....F&rft.isbn=978-0-87023-576-4&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Julius+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftimefamiliarstra0000fras&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_book" title="Sjabloon:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute#periodical_ignored" title="Hulp:AS1-foute">hulp</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFWhitrow2003" class="citation book cs1">Whitrow, Gerald James (2003). <i>What is Time?</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-19-860781-6" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-19-860781-6"><bdi>978-0-19-860781-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/265440481">265440481</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+is+Time%3F&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F265440481&rft.isbn=978-0-19-860781-6&rft.aulast=Whitrow&rft.aufirst=Gerald+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJaar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaar&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://af.wikiversity.org/wiki/sl:letnice" class="extiw" title="v:sl:letnice">Foto's van jare</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons logo"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> het meer media in die kategorie <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Years" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Years">Jaar</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Wiktionary_small.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/20px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/40px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikiwoordeboek" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiwoordeboek">Wikiwoordeboek</a> het 'n inskrywing vir <a href="https://af.wiktionary.org/wiki/jaar" class="extiw" title="wikt:jaar">jaar</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Nuvola_apps_bookcase_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nuvola_apps_bookcase_2.svg/20px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nuvola_apps_bookcase_2.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase_2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="102" /></a></span> Hierdie artikel is in sy geheel of gedeeltelik uit die <span class="plainlinks"></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year" class="extiw" title="en:Year">Engelse Wikipedia</a> vertaal.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11959557d">cb11959557d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11959557d">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4382925-9">4382925-9</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85149056">sh85149056</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="display:none; right:10px;" class="metadata topicon nopopups" id="featured-star"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorbladartikel" title="Hierdie artikel is gekies as 'n voorbladartikel. Klik gerus hier vir meer inligting."><img alt="Hierdie artikel is gekies as 'n voorbladartikel. Klik gerus hier vir meer inligting." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaar&oldid=2572555">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaar&oldid=2572555</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorieë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Jare" title="Kategorie:Jare">Jare</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Kalenders" title="Kategorie:Kalenders">Kalenders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Eenhede_van_tyd" title="Kategorie:Eenhede van tyd">Eenhede van tyd</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorieë: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Nederlands_(nl)" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Nederlands (nl)">AS1-bronne in Nederlands (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:CS1_errors:_archive-url" title="Kategorie:CS1 errors: archive-url">CS1 errors: archive-url</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-foute:_tydskrif_ge%C3%AFgnoreer" title="Kategorie:AS1-foute: tydskrif geïgnoreer">AS1-foute: tydskrif geïgnoreer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BNF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders">Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_GND-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met GND-identifiseerders">Artikels met GND-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_LCCN-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders">Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Normdata_met_3_elemente" title="Kategorie:Normdata met 3 elemente">Normdata met 3 elemente</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Voorbladartikels" title="Kategorie:Voorbladartikels">Voorbladartikels</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 27 April 2023 om 06:36 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. Aanvullende voorwaardes kan moontlik ook van toepassing wees. Sien die <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Algemene Voorwaardes</a> vir meer inligting.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privaatheidsbeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oor">Inligting oor Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorwaardes">Vrywaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragskode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/af.wikipedia.org">Statistieke</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Koekieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaar&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Selfoonweergawe</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Soek</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jaar</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>223 tale</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Nuwe onderwerp</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6f7c94ff49-w7zrl","wgBackendResponseTime":145,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.363","walltime":"0.436","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8317,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":67166,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7325,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":85114,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 335.821 1 -total"," 51.49% 172.921 1 Sjabloon:Verwysings"," 25.21% 84.648 6 Sjabloon:Cite_web"," 21.01% 70.560 31 Sjabloon:Val"," 15.98% 53.663 1 Sjabloon:Normdata"," 12.97% 43.555 8 Sjabloon:Cite_book"," 9.01% 30.273 124 Sjabloon:Valid"," 8.71% 29.263 6 Sjabloon:Cite_journal"," 5.53% 18.559 31 Sjabloon:Val/delimitnum"," 4.67% 15.694 124 Sjabloon:Evalns"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.154","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3930975,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.eqiad.main-69f779c596-p2nxx","timestamp":"20250406123459","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Jaar","url":"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jaar","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q577","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q577","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-08-05T12:11:53Z","dateModified":"2023-04-27T06:36:20Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8c\/Analemma_fishburn.tif","headline":"geskatte tydperk vir die Aarde se wentelbaan om die Son en waargeneem by 'n vaste geografiese punt (gemiddeld 365,24 dae); basis later gewysig om verskeie kalenders te definieer of aan te pas"}</script> </body> </html>