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class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-EehZO nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe"><h1 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-ibL1re"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-ibL1re"><span class="FewWi"></span>Flipping out: Modernizing a classic pinball machine with cloud connectivity</div></h1></div></div><div class="nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe dEogG">November 5, 2024</div></div></section><div class="EKklye"><div class="nRhiJb-DARUcf ZWw7T"><div class="npzWPc"><div class="dzoHJ"><div class="nRhiJb-DX2B6 nRhiJb-DX2B6-OWXEXe-h30Snd"><div class="nRhiJb-j5y3u"><ul class="nRhiJb-Qijihe phRaUe" role="list"><li class="hpHPGf"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?text=Flipping%20out:%20Modernizing%20a%20classic%20pinball%20machine%20with%20cloud%20connectivity%20@googlecloud&url=https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-modernization/connecting-a-pinball-machine-to-the-cloud" track-name="x"track-type="social 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class="nRhiJb-ObfsIf nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-qWD73c-cGMI2b"><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-ibL1re dzoHJ"><div class="aLW4J" track-metadata-module="left rail"><h5 class="qZDXV Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc">Google Cloud Summit Series</h5><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed Mrfygc nRhiJb-BP2Omd-ma6Yeb-KE6vqe nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-cGMI2b">Discover the latest in AI, Security, Workspace, App Dev, & more.</p><a class="nRhiJb-LgbsSe nRhiJb-LgbsSe-OWXEXe-CNusmb-o6Shpd " href="https://cloudonair.withgoogle.com/summit_series_24?utm_source=cgc-blog&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=summit-series-2024&utm_content=summit-series-left-hand-rail-cta&utm_term=-" track-metadata-module="left rail"track-metadata-module_headline="google cloud summit series" track-name="register"track-type="button"track-metadata-position="cta"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloudonair.withgoogle.com/summit_series_24?utm_source=cgc-blog&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=summit-series-2024&utm_content=summit-series-left-hand-rail-cta&utm_term=-">Register </a></div></div><div class="OYL9D nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-OiUrBf" jsname="tx2NYc"><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">In today's cloud-centric world, we often take for granted the ease with which we can integrate our applications with a vast array of powerful cloud services. However, there are still countless legacy systems and other constrained environments where integration is far from straightforward.</span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">We faced this challenge head-on when building </span><span style="font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline">Backlogged Pinball</span><span style="vertical-align:baseline">, a custom pinball game that we built as a demo for integrating cloud services in uncommon environments. Backlogged Pinball is a physical pinball machine that connects to the cloud for a variety of services — think keeping track of data about current and completed games, updating leaderboards, etc. To build it, we used a base of a </span><a href="https://www.multimorphic.com/p3-pinball-platform/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">commercially available programmable pinball machine</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> so we could focus on game code and cloud integration. However, the machine's software environment was limited, running on a sandboxed version of .NET Framework 3.5, which was first released 17 years ago. Practically, this meant that we couldn't use any of the </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/dotnet/docs/reference"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">modern Google cloud SDKs available for C#</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline">, and we couldn’t install tools like </span><code style="vertical-align:baseline">gcloud</code><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> to help communicate with the cloud.</span></p></span></section><section class="k6ctOd"><aside class="IwVNTb"><div class="ecJG2e nRhiJb-ObfsIf"><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-OiUrBf nRhiJb-snVHke-ibL1re-X66g3b nRhiJb-snVHke-R6PoUb-UFsB2c"><h4 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c">Try Google Cloud for free</h4><p class="nRhiJb-qJTHM nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p>Start building with $300 in free credits for new customers. All customers get free usage of 20+ products, up to monthly limits.</p></span></p><a class="nRhiJb-LgbsSe nRhiJb-LgbsSe-OWXEXe-MNynB-o6Shpd LZTd1c" href="https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial?redirectPath=/welcome" target="_blank" rel="noopener" track-name="get started for free"track-type="button"track-metadata-position="body"track-metadata-eventdetail="console.cloud.google.com/freetrial?redirectPath=/welcome"track-metadata-module="aside"track-metadata-module_headline="try google cloud for free" track-name="get started for free"track-type="button"track-metadata-position="body"track-metadata-eventdetail="console.cloud.google.com/freetrial?redirectPath=/welcome">Get started for free </a></div></div></aside></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/1_M6pQAZF.max-2000x2000.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/1_M6pQAZF.max-2000x2000.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/1_M6pQAZF.max-2000x2000.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/1_M6pQAZF.max-2000x2000.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><h3><span style="vertical-align:baseline">There’s a catch</span></h3> <p><span><span style="vertical-align:baseline">We knew we wanted to take advantage of the cloud for databases (for high scores, and stats from the game), logging (of game events and results), and a custom service (to change the game experience on the fly). But developing software for such a constrained environment presented a variety of challenges, which might be familiar to you:</span></span></p> <p><strong style="vertical-align:baseline">Minimal library support: </strong><span style="vertical-align:baseline">If you have full control over your stack, there’s no shortage of great libraries to help you connect to cloud services. But sometimes you don’t get to pick where your software runs. For our pinball machine, it was difficult to find compatible libraries to integrate with the cloud services we wanted. For example, we knew we wanted to insert records into a </span><a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">Firestore</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> database to drive a real-time visualization of everything going on in the game. Firestore has </span><a href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/client/libraries" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">great SDKs</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline">, but they couldn’t support anything before .NET Framework 4.6.2 (which is 8 years old). We might have been able to connect to a traditional relational database using a TCP connection, but we didn’t want to be limited in the cloud tools and services we could use. Needless to say, it’s much less practical to build a real-time web application with MySQL rather than Firestore, which is designed from the ground up to push data to the browser in real time.</span></p> <p><strong style="vertical-align:baseline">Difficult deployment process:</strong><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> Maybe you have other limitations that make updating your on-device software difficult, but you still want to add new features and cloud integrations. As third-party developers, we had to manually install each version of our game during development using a USB stick. This kind of limitation slows down the rate at which you can test, deploy and ship new versions of your code, which is never good. It’s much easier to add new features in a modern, flexible cloud environment.</span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Fundamentally, we found it challenging to use modern cloud services in an uncertain legacy environment.</span></p> <h3><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Flipper-ing the script</span></h3> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">At first glance, there was no practical way to integrate all the services we wanted with the code that would run on the pinball machine. But what if there was another way? What if we turned the pinball machine itself into a service, and gave it a single minimal integration? Then we could have it send a message every time something happened in the game and sort out the results in a modern cloud environment.</span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">We decided that Pub/Sub would be an excellent way to achieve this goal. It provided a way to get information to (and from!) the cloud with a single interface, with minimal complexity. It was just a basic HTTP POST of whatever message format we wanted.</span></p></span></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/2_PNsvw6c.max-1600x1600.jpg" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/2_PNsvw6c.max-1600x1600.jpg" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/2_PNsvw6c.max-1600x1600.jpg" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/2_PNsvw6c.max-1600x1600.jpg" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">To achieve this, we designed a custom Pub/Sub messaging system. We wrote our own lightweight Pub/Sub library for the pinball machine to handle authentication and message sending over the </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/pubsub/docs/reference/rest"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">REST API</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline">, making it incredibly easy to post events whenever a player launched a ball, hit a target, or even pressed a flipper button. Check out a simplified version of that code </span><a href="https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/backlogged-pinball-backend/blob/0e9ae489d4503951f4918d8c590184de1c4657e8/sample-code/csharp-pubsub/pubsub-post.cs" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">on GitHub</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline">!</span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">On the cloud side, our team used multiple Cloud Run</span><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> subscribers to process these events in real time. We also used Firestore to store data and drive visualizations.</span></p> <h3><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Jackpot! Cloud advantages</span></h3> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Pushing the complexity of integration into the cloud brought numerous advantages:</span></p> <p><strong style="vertical-align:baseline">Single interface: </strong><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Writing our own Pub/Sub client was no small task (authentication alone could be its own blog post!). But once it was done, it was done! Once it was working, we were able to focus on processing all the events in the cloud using whatever modern client libraries and tools we wanted.</span></p> <p><strong style="vertical-align:baseline">Real-time updates:</strong><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> At Google Cloud Next, we helped users write their own Cloud Run services to receive pinball events, process them, and send messages back to the machine. Building and deploying these services took less than a minute, which meant you could conceivably change the game while a friend was playing it!</span></p> <p><strong style="vertical-align:baseline">Rich data insights:</strong><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> We ended up with a fine-grained log of everything that happened in a game. This proved very helpful in troubleshooting issues during development and fine-tuning scoring based on playtesting.</span></p></span></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/original_images/3_9F1v5xM.gif" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/original_images/3_9F1v5xM.gif" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/original_images/3_9F1v5xM.gif" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/original_images/3_9F1v5xM.gif" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><h3><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Plunging forward</span></h3> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">We’re already planning the next iteration of Backlogged Pinball with features we hadn’t originally considered. For example, we’re adding AI-powered game analysis and advice based on the player’s style. Thanks to this flexible cloud-based architecture, almost all the work will be in a modern cloud environment rather than fighting with dependencies on a legacy system. And the lessons we learned from this project are broadly applicable to any constrained environment. Whether it's an embedded system, an IoT device, or an old server running legacy software, by </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/run/docs/tutorials/pubsub"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">leveraging Pub/Sub messaging</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> and adopting a cloud-first mindset, you can break free from the limitations of your environment and unlock the full potential of the cloud.</span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">We’ll be showing off the latest Backlogged Pinball at </span><a href="https://events.linuxfoundation.org/kubecon-cloudnativecon-north-america/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">KubeCon North America</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> in November 2024. If you’re there, stop by to check it out!</span></p> <hr> <p><sup><span style="font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline">Special thanks to Mofi Rahman, Google Cloud Advocate, for his contributions to this project and this post.</span></sup></p></span></section><section class="kcBhad"><section class="Fabbec"><span class="WrMNjb">Posted in</span><ul class="FzXI4e"><li class="I4B51b"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-modernization" track-metadata-position="body"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-modernization"track-metadata-module="tag list"track-metadata-module_headline="posted in">Application Modernization</a></li><li class="I4B51b"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/developers-practitioners" track-metadata-position="body"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/developers-practitioners"track-metadata-module="tag list"track-metadata-module_headline="posted in">Developers & Practitioners</a></li><li 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development"track-type="tag">Application Development</div><h3 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc HGFKtc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc">Measuring developer experience with the HEART Framework: A guide for platform engineers</h3><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed dTIXyb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb">By Darren Evans • 10-minute read</p></div></div></a></div></div><div class=" QaGyvd nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-c5RTEf nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-qWD73c-V2iZpe"><div class="mA0uBe"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/how-to-protect-your-site-from-ddos-attacks-with-cloud-networking" class="lD2oe" track-name="how to protect your site from ddos attacks with the power of google cloud networking and network security"track-type="card"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/how-to-protect-your-site-from-ddos-attacks-with-cloud-networking"><div class="AhkbS "><div class="hqnDEf"><section class="PBkdHd "><img class=" D5RK8d" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/17_-_Security__Identity_NrORvDT.max-700x700.jpg" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/17_-_Security__Identity_NrORvDT.max-700x700.jpg" loading="lazy"/></section></div><div class="JUOx5b"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c nRhiJb-DbgRPb-c5RTEf-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-BFbNVe-r8s4j-bMElCd FI6Gl nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe" track-name="security & identity"track-type="tag">Security & Identity</div><h3 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc HGFKtc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc">How to protect your site from DDoS attacks with the power of Google Cloud networking and network security</h3><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed dTIXyb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb">By Marc Howard • 8-minute read</p></div></div></a></div></div><div class=" QaGyvd nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-c5RTEf nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-qWD73c-V2iZpe"><div class="mA0uBe"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-modernization/building-a-modern-ai-ready-developer-platform" class="lD2oe" track-name="three steps in mapping out your modern platform strategy"track-type="card"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-modernization/building-a-modern-ai-ready-developer-platform"><div class="AhkbS "><div class="hqnDEf"><section class="PBkdHd "><img class=" D5RK8d" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/04_-_Application_Modernization_APTQ0a0.max-700x700.jpg" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/04_-_Application_Modernization_APTQ0a0.max-700x700.jpg" loading="lazy"/></section></div><div class="JUOx5b"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c nRhiJb-DbgRPb-c5RTEf-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-BFbNVe-r8s4j-bMElCd FI6Gl nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe" track-name="application modernization"track-type="tag">Application Modernization</div><h3 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc HGFKtc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc">Three steps in mapping out your modern platform strategy</h3><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed dTIXyb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb">By Richard Seroter • 3-minute read</p></div></div></a></div></div></section></div></section></article></div></div><c-data id="i1" jsdata=" n2jFB;_;1"></c-data></c-wiz><script aria-hidden="true" nonce="_ksMVu9ZkiN0pZHsHQrc0A">window.wiz_progress&&window.wiz_progress();window.wiz_tick&&window.wiz_tick('zPZHOe');</script><script nonce="_ksMVu9ZkiN0pZHsHQrc0A">(function(){'use strict';var c=window,d=[];c.aft_counter=d;var e=[],f=0;function _recordIsAboveFold(a){if(!c._isLazyImage(a)&&!a.hasAttribute("data-noaft")&&a.src){var b=(c._isVisible||function(){})(c.document,a);a.setAttribute("data-atf",b);b&&(e.indexOf(a)!==-1||d.indexOf(a)!==-1||a.complete||d.push(a),a.hasAttribute("data-iml")&&(a=Number(a.getAttribute("data-iml")),a>f&&(f=a)))}} 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functionality.",[1730768400],"https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/pinball.max-2500x2500.jpg","https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-modernization/connecting-a-pinball-machine-to-the-cloud",[1730768406,888195000]],[["Drew Brown","Developer Advocate"],["Max Saltonstall","Developer Advocate"]],[null,"\u003cscript type\u003d\"application/ld+json\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"@id\":\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-modernization/connecting-a-pinball-machine-to-the-cloud\",\"headline\":\"Connecting a pinball machine to the cloud\",\"description\":\"By turning a pinball machine into a service with a custom Pub/Sub messaging system, it leverages a modern cloud environment for extra functionality.\",\"image\":\"https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/pinball.max-2500x2500.jpg\",\"author\":[{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Drew Brown\",\"url\":\"\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Max Saltonstall\",\"url\":\"\"}],\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-05\",\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Google Cloud\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v8bb8fa0afe9a8c3a776ebeb25d421bb443344d789b3607754dfabea418b8c4be/cloud/images/cloud-logo.svg\"}},\"url\":\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-modernization/connecting-a-pinball-machine-to-the-cloud\",\"keywords\":[\"Application Modernization\",\"Developers \\u0026 Practitioners\",\"Serverless\"],\"timeRequired\":\"PT5M\"}\u003c/script\u003e"],["Flipping out: Modernizing a classic pinball machine with cloud connectivity"],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/pinball.max-2500x2500.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/pinball.max-1300x1300.jpg 1288w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/pinball.max-2500x2500.jpg 2436w"," 1288px, 2436px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/pinball.max-2500x2500.jpg"],null,[[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eIn today's cloud-centric world, we often take for granted the ease with which we can integrate our applications with a vast array of powerful cloud services. However, there are still countless legacy systems and other constrained environments where integration is far from straightforward.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eWe faced this challenge head-on when building \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eBacklogged Pinball\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e, a custom pinball game that we built as a demo for integrating cloud services in uncommon environments. Backlogged Pinball is a physical pinball machine that connects to the cloud for a variety of services \u2014 think keeping track of data about current and completed games, updating leaderboards, etc. To build it, we used a base of a \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://www.multimorphic.com/p3-pinball-platform/\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003ecommercially available programmable pinball machine\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e so we could focus on game code and cloud integration. However, the machine's software environment was limited, running on a sandboxed version of .NET Framework 3.5, which was first released 17 years ago. Practically, this meant that we couldn't use any of the \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/dotnet/docs/reference\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003emodern Google cloud SDKs available for C#\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e, and we couldn\u2019t install tools like \u003c/span\u003e\u003ccode style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003egcloud\u003c/code\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e to help communicate with the cloud.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,["Try Google Cloud for free",null,"Get started for free","https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial?redirectPath\u003d/welcome",[null,"\u003cp\u003eStart building with $300 in free credits for new customers. All customers get free usage of 20+ products, up to monthly limits.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,""],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/1_M6pQAZF.max-2000x2000.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/1_M6pQAZF.max-1100x1100.png 1060w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/1_M6pQAZF.max-2000x2000.png 1999w"," 1060px, 1999px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/1_M6pQAZF.max-2000x2000.png"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eThere\u2019s a catch\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eWe knew we wanted to take advantage of the cloud for databases (for high scores, and stats from the game), logging (of game events and results), and a custom service (to change the game experience on the fly). But developing software for such a constrained environment presented a variety of challenges, which might be familiar to you:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eMinimal library support: \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eIf you have full control over your stack, there\u2019s no shortage of great libraries to help you connect to cloud services. But sometimes you don\u2019t get to pick where your software runs. For our pinball machine, it was difficult to find compatible libraries to integrate with the cloud services we wanted. For example, we knew we wanted to insert records into a \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eFirestore\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e database to drive a real-time visualization of everything going on in the game. Firestore has \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/client/libraries\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003egreat SDKs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e, but they couldn\u2019t support anything before .NET Framework 4.6.2 (which is 8 years old). We might have been able to connect to a traditional relational database using a TCP connection, but we didn\u2019t want to be limited in the cloud tools and services we could use. Needless to say, it\u2019s much less practical to build a real-time web application with MySQL rather than Firestore, which is designed from the ground up to push data to the browser in real time.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eDifficult deployment process:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e Maybe you have other limitations that make updating your on-device software difficult, but you still want to add new features and cloud integrations. As third-party developers, we had to manually install each version of our game during development using a USB stick. This kind of limitation slows down the rate at which you can test, deploy and ship new versions of your code, which is never good. It\u2019s much easier to add new features in a modern, flexible cloud environment.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eFundamentally, we found it challenging to use modern cloud services in an uncertain legacy environment.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eFlipper-ing the script\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eAt first glance, there was no practical way to integrate all the services we wanted with the code that would run on the pinball machine. But what if there was another way? What if we turned the pinball machine itself into a service, and gave it a single minimal integration? Then we could have it send a message every time something happened in the game and sort out the results in a modern cloud environment.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eWe decided that Pub/Sub would be an excellent way to achieve this goal. It provided a way to get information to (and from!) the cloud with a single interface, with minimal complexity. It was just a basic HTTP POST of whatever message format we wanted.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,""],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/2_PNsvw6c.max-1600x1600.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/2_PNsvw6c.max-1100x1100.jpg 1060w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/2_PNsvw6c.max-1600x1600.jpg 1517w"," 1060px, 1517px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/2_PNsvw6c.max-1600x1600.jpg"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eTo achieve this, we designed a custom Pub/Sub messaging system. We wrote our own lightweight Pub/Sub library for the pinball machine to handle authentication and message sending over the \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/pubsub/docs/reference/rest\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eREST API\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e, making it incredibly easy to post events whenever a player launched a ball, hit a target, or even pressed a flipper button. Check out a simplified version of that code \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/backlogged-pinball-backend/blob/0e9ae489d4503951f4918d8c590184de1c4657e8/sample-code/csharp-pubsub/pubsub-post.cs\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eon GitHub\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eOn the cloud side, our team used multiple Cloud Run\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e subscribers to process these events in real time. We also used Firestore to store data and drive visualizations.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eJackpot! Cloud advantages\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003ePushing the complexity of integration into the cloud brought numerous advantages:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eSingle interface: \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eWriting our own Pub/Sub client was no small task (authentication alone could be its own blog post!). But once it was done, it was done! Once it was working, we were able to focus on processing all the events in the cloud using whatever modern client libraries and tools we wanted.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eReal-time updates:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e At Google Cloud Next, we helped users write their own Cloud Run services to receive pinball events, process them, and send messages back to the machine. Building and deploying these services took less than a minute, which meant you could conceivably change the game while a friend was playing it!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eRich data insights:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e We ended up with a fine-grained log of everything that happened in a game. This proved very helpful in troubleshooting issues during development and fine-tuning scoring based on playtesting.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,""],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/original_images/3_9F1v5xM.gif","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/original_images/3_9F1v5xM.gif 1060w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/original_images/3_9F1v5xM.gif 1360w"," 1060px, 1360px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/original_images/3_9F1v5xM.gif"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003ePlunging forward\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eWe\u2019re already planning the next iteration of Backlogged Pinball with features we hadn\u2019t originally considered. For example, we\u2019re adding AI-powered game analysis and advice based on the player\u2019s style. Thanks to this flexible cloud-based architecture, almost all the work will be in a modern cloud environment rather than fighting with dependencies on a legacy system. And the lessons we learned from this project are broadly applicable to any constrained environment. Whether it's an embedded system, an IoT device, or an old server running legacy software, by \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/run/docs/tutorials/pubsub\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eleveraging Pub/Sub messaging\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e and adopting a cloud-first mindset, you can break free from the limitations of your environment and unlock the full potential of the cloud.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eWe\u2019ll be showing off the latest Backlogged Pinball at \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://events.linuxfoundation.org/kubecon-cloudnativecon-north-america/\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eKubeCon North America\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e in November 2024. If you\u2019re there, stop by to check it out!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eSpecial thanks to Mofi Rahman, Google Cloud Advocate, for his contributions to this project and this post.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]],[["Google Cloud","The overwhelmed person\u2019s guide to Google Cloud: week of November 14","A weekly curation of the most helpful blogs, exciting new features, and useful events coming out of Google Cloud",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/overwhelmed_persons_guide.max-700x700.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/overwhelmed_persons_guide.max-400x400.png 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/overwhelmed_persons_guide.max-700x700.png 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/overwhelmed_persons_guide.max-700x700.png"],null,5,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/the-overwhelmed-persons-guide-to-google-cloud",null,1,[["Richard Seroter","Chief Evangelist, Google Cloud"]],null,"52078"],["Application Development","Measuring developer experience with the HEART Framework: A guide for platform engineers","Google\u2019s HEART framework helps platform engineers measure and improve developer experience \u2014 how developers feel about and interact with a platform.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/DX.max-700x700.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/DX.max-400x400.png 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/DX.max-700x700.png 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/DX.max-700x700.png"],null,10,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-development/how-platform-engineers-can-improve-their-developers-experience",null,1,[["Darren Evans","EMEA Practice Solutions Lead, Application Platform"]],null,"55460"],["Security \u0026 Identity","How to protect your site from DDoS attacks with the power of Google Cloud networking and network security","Tap the power of Google Cloud Networking and Network Security to protect workloads anywhere on the web, just like Project Shield does. Here\u2019s how.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/17_-_Security__Identity_NrORvDT.max-700x700.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/17_-_Security__Identity_NrORvDT.max-400x400.jpg 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/17_-_Security__Identity_NrORvDT.max-700x700.jpg 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/17_-_Security__Identity_NrORvDT.max-700x700.jpg"],null,8,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/how-to-protect-your-site-from-ddos-attacks-with-cloud-networking",null,1,[["Marc Howard","Staff Software Engineer"],["Max Saltonstall","Developer Advocate"]],null,"55368"],["Application Modernization","Three steps in mapping out your modern platform strategy","Are your developers using the latest AI-ready platforms to power ahead with innovation? If not, then it\u2019s time to re-evaluate your platform strategy.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/04_-_Application_Modernization_APTQ0a0.max-700x700.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/04_-_Application_Modernization_APTQ0a0.max-400x400.jpg 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/04_-_Application_Modernization_APTQ0a0.max-700x700.jpg 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/04_-_Application_Modernization_APTQ0a0.max-700x700.jpg"],null,3,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-modernization/building-a-modern-ai-ready-developer-platform",null,1,[["Richard Seroter","Chief Evangelist, Google Cloud"]],null,"55365"]],null,"Application Modernization",["Google Cloud Summit Series","Discover the latest in AI, Security, Workspace, App Dev, \u0026 more.","Register","https://cloudonair.withgoogle.com/summit_series_24?utm_source\u003dcgc-blog\u0026utm_medium\u003dblog\u0026utm_campaign\u003dsummit-series-2024\u0026utm_content\u003dsummit-series-left-hand-rail-cta\u0026utm_term\u003d-"],[["Application Modernization","https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-modernization","application-modernization"],["Developers \u0026 Practitioners","https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/developers-practitioners","developers"],["Serverless","https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/serverless","serverless"]],null,null,5], sideChannel: {}});</script><script id="wiz_jd" nonce="_ksMVu9ZkiN0pZHsHQrc0A">if (window['_wjdc']) {const wjd = {}; window['_wjdc'](wjd); delete window['_wjdc'];}</script><script aria-hidden="true" id="WIZ-footer" nonce="_ksMVu9ZkiN0pZHsHQrc0A">window.wiz_progress&&window.wiz_progress(); window.stopScanForCss&&window.stopScanForCss(); ccTick('bl');</script></body></html><footer id="ZCHFDb"><footer class="nRhiJb-RWrDld 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