Aretha Franklin - Academy of Achievement

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Her hit recording “Respect” became an anthem of the civil rights struggle and of the nascent women’s movement. Her musical career began in the Detroit, Michigan church of her pastor father; with her father’s encouragement, she pursued a career as a professional singer, signing with Columbia Records at age 18. A move to Atlantic Records in 1967 led to a series of his singles, “Think,” “Chain of Fools” and “(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman” that defined the changing consciousness of the era. Aretha Franklin continued to record hit albums for the next 30 years, expanding her repertoire to encompass a vast spectrum of music — blues, gospel, R&B, jazz standards and operatic arias. She was honored by her peers with 18 Grammy Awards and by her country with the Presidential Medal of Freedom."/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/aretha-franklin/"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Aretha Franklin - Academy of Achievement"/> <meta property="og:description" content="In the late 1960s, the world came to know and love Aretha Franklin as “the Queen” of soul music. Her hit recording “Respect” became an anthem of the civil rights struggle and of the nascent women’s movement. Her musical career began in the Detroit, Michigan church of her pastor father; with her father’s encouragement, she pursued a career as a professional singer, signing with Columbia Records at age 18. A move to Atlantic Records in 1967 led to a series of his singles, “Think,” “Chain of Fools” and “(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman” that defined the changing consciousness of the era. Aretha Franklin continued to record hit albums for the next 30 years, expanding her repertoire to encompass a vast spectrum of music — blues, gospel, R&B, jazz standards and operatic arias. She was honored by her peers with 18 Grammy Awards and by her country with the Presidential Medal of Freedom."/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/aretha-franklin/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Academy of Achievement"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/franklin2-Feature-Image-3.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="2800"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1120"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="In the late 1960s, the world came to know and love Aretha Franklin as “the Queen” of soul music. Her hit recording “Respect” became an anthem of the civil rights struggle and of the nascent women’s movement. Her musical career began in the Detroit, Michigan church of her pastor father; with her father’s encouragement, she pursued a career as a professional singer, signing with Columbia Records at age 18. A move to Atlantic Records in 1967 led to a series of his singles, “Think,” “Chain of Fools” and “(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman” that defined the changing consciousness of the era. Aretha Franklin continued to record hit albums for the next 30 years, expanding her repertoire to encompass a vast spectrum of music — blues, gospel, R&B, jazz standards and operatic arias. She was honored by her peers with 18 Grammy Awards and by her country with the Presidential Medal of Freedom."/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Aretha Franklin - Academy of Achievement"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/franklin2-Feature-Image-3.jpg"/> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180916100902\/http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebSite","@id":"#website","url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180916100902\/http:\/\/www.achievement.org\/","name":"Academy of Achievement","alternateName":"A museum of living history","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180916100902\/http:\/\/www.achievement.org\/search\/{search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}}</script> <script 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class="feature-area__text-inner text-white"> <h2 class="serif-8 feature-area__text-subhead back"><a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever">All achievers</a></h2> <h1 class="serif-1 entry-title feature-area__text-headline">Aretha Franklin</h1> <h5 class="sans-6 feature-area__blurb">The Queen of Soul</h5> </div> </figcaption> </div> </div> </figure> </header> </div>  <nav class="in-page-nav row fixedsticky"> <ul class="nav text-xs-center clearfix" role="tablist"> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link active" data-toggle="tab" href="#biography" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Biography">Biography</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#profile" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Profile">Profile</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#interview" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Interview">Interview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#gallery" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Gallery">Gallery</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <article class="post-52276 achiever type-achiever status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry careers-entertainer careers-musician careers-singer careers-songwriter"> <div class="entry-content container clearfix">  <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane fade in active" id="biography" role="tabpanel"> <section class="achiever--biography"> <div class="row"> <header class="editorial-article__header col-md-8 col-md-offset-2 text-xs-center"> <i class="icon-icon_bio text-brand-primary"></i> <h3 class="serif-3 quote-marks">We all need respect. Everybody wants respect of some kind.</h3> </header> </div> <div class="row"> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar clearfix"> <h2 class="serif-3 p-b-1">Grammy Legend Award</h2> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Date of Birth</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> March 25, 1942 </dd> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Date of Death</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> August 16, 2018 </dd> </div> </aside> <article class="editorial-article col-md-8"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p>Aretha Franklin was born in Memphis Tennessee, but at an early age, her family moved, first to Buffalo, New York, and finally to Detroit, Michigan, where she spent her formative years.  Although Aretha Franklin spent much of her adult life in New York and Los Angeles, she would always regard Detroit as her hometown and returned to the city for the last three decades of her life.</p> <figure id="attachment_52358" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52358 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1962-GettyImages-1019105868.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52358 lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="1791" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1962-GettyImages-1019105868.jpg 2280w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1962-GettyImages-1019105868-380x299.jpg 380w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1962-GettyImages-1019105868-760x597.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1962-GettyImages-1019105868.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">1962: Aretha Franklin, age 20, recording at the piano at Columbia Studios in New York. Aretha Louis Franklin was born on March 25, 1942, in Memphis, Tennessee. (Photo: Donaldson Collection/Michael Ochs Archives and Getty)</figcaption></figure><p>Aretha’s mother died when she was ten, and she was raised by her father, a Baptist minister.  For 33 years, Rev. C.L. Franklin was pastor of New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit.  Rev. Franklin was not only a popular pastor, but an influential civil rights activist, in demand for speaking engagements around the country.  Several of his sermons were recorded and issued as phonograph records. Admirers called him “the man with the million-dollar voice.”  Notable figures from the civil rights movement were regular visitors to New Bethel Church, and were welcome guests in the Franklin home.  The country’s premier gospel singers — Mahalia Jackson and Clara Ward — as well as secular jazz and blues musicians, also paid calls on Rev. Franklin, Aretha, and her brothers and sisters.</p> <figure id="attachment_52359" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52359 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1968-GettyImages-74270571.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52359 lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="1781" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1968-GettyImages-74270571.jpg 2280w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1968-GettyImages-74270571-380x297.jpg 380w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1968-GettyImages-74270571-760x594.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1968-GettyImages-74270571.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">1968: Record producer Jerry Wexler, soul singer Aretha Franklin and her husband and manager Ted White pose for a portrait holding framed records that were presented by the RIAA to commemorate a milestone in sales. Aretha Franklin released two studio albums in 1968, <em>Lady Soul</em> and <em>Aretha Now</em>, both top five hits on the Billboard album chart. Aretha won her first two Grammys for Best Rhythm & Blues Recording and Best Rhythm & Blues Solo Vocal Performance, Female for “Respect” at the 10th Annual Grammy Awards held on February 29, 1968. (Getty Images)</figcaption></figure><p>Aretha’s father encouraged her to sing.  When she was very small, her father would stand her on a chair to be seen from the pews when she sang in church.  She learned to play piano by ear, although she resisted formal lessons, and by age ten she was foreseeing a career as a gospel singer.  In her teens she joined the junior choir that traveled with her father on his speaking engagements.  In California, the Franklins met the young Sam Cooke, lead singer with the gospel group the Soul Stirrers, and followed his career with interest when Cooke left the Soul Stirrers to pursue a career in secular pop music.  Sam Cooke’s success made a deep impression on young Aretha, who began to wonder if she too might pursue a music career outside of the church.</p> <p>Her teenage years were difficult, and while still in her teens she gave birth to two daughters by different boyfriends.  Her grandmother and older sisters helped raise her children while she continued to work at her music.  With her father acting as manager, she recorded some gospel songs for a local record label, but her father felt she could do better with a larger national record company.</p> <figure id="attachment_52360" style="width: 2246px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52360 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1971-GettyImages-539004291.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52360 lazyload" alt="" width="2246" height="2275" data-sizes="(max-width: 2246px) 100vw, 2246px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1971-GettyImages-539004291.jpg 2246w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1971-GettyImages-539004291-375x380.jpg 375w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1971-GettyImages-539004291-750x760.jpg 750w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1971-GettyImages-539004291.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">1971: Portrait of Aretha Franklin (center), her father, C. L. Franklin, pastor of New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit, Michigan, and her sister, fellow singer Carolyn Franklin, in New York. (Photo by Anthony Barboza and Getty Images)</figcaption></figure><p>Passing on an offer from Berry Gordy’s Motown Records in Detroit, Rev. Franklin prevailed on musician friends to form a small group to record a demonstration recording for Columbia Records.  An executive at Columbia, the legendary producer John Hammond, was impressed with Aretha’s demos and invited her to New York for a live audition.  Hammond and his colleagues were sold, and at age 18, Aretha Franklin was signed to a contract with the most prestigious of American record companies.  Leaving her daughters with her family in Detroit, she moved to New York City to make her first major-label recordings.</p> <p>Hammond teamed Aretha Franklin with some of the best arrangers and musicians in the business and recorded a variety of material, emphasizing the breadth of her talent.  Her early sessions included some blues and gospel-tinged numbers, but for the most part, Columbia seemed to see Franklin as a jazz and pop vocalist in the mode of Dinah Washington.  Her first single for Columbia, “Today I Sing the Blues,” placed in the top ten on <em>Billboard</em> magazine’s  Rhythm and Blues (R&B) bestseller chart in 1960.  In January, Columbia released her first album <em>Aretha: With The Ray Bryant Combo</em>. Her first single in <em>Billboard</em>’s pop music Top 40 was a 1920s standard, “Rockabye Your Baby With a Dixie Melody.”</p> <figure id="attachment_52405" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52405 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1980-GettyImages-607405288-1.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52405 lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="1514" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1980-GettyImages-607405288-1.jpg 2280w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1980-GettyImages-607405288-1-380x252.jpg 380w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1980-GettyImages-607405288-1-760x505.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1980-GettyImages-607405288-1.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">1980: Aretha Franklin with actor John Belushi and actor and screenwriter Dan Aykroyd on the set of the musical comedy film <em>The Blues Brothers</em> directed by John Landis. In the blockbuster film, Aretha Franklin plays the role of Mrs. Murphy, a diner waitress whose husband is asked to rejoin Jake (Belushi) and Elwood (Aykroyd) Blues’ band. In a show-stealing scene, Franklin sings her classic hit “Think” with backup singing and dancing customers and finger-wagging to emphasize the humorous “Freedom” reprise. (Photo: Sunset Boulevard/Corbis via Getty Images)</figcaption></figure><p>In 1961, Franklin married Ted White, a friend from Detroit who became her manager. Her records were well reviewed, and she swiftly acquired a reputation in the industry as a compelling new voice.  Shy and unassuming by nature, Franklin worked with the veteran African American dancer and choreographer Charles “Cholly” Atkins to acquire a more forceful stage presence.  By the mid-‘60s, she was winning an enthusiastic following for her live performances, and critics had begun to call her “the Queen of Soul,” a title that would never be challenged.</p> <p>Despite her popularity with critics and audiences, her record label seemed uncertain in which direction to take her career. Columbia had her recording both R&B, and “easy listening” pop songs.  She scored hits on both the R&B and Easy Listening charts, but with the news sounds of rock and soul music  dominating the charts, Franklin did not believe Columbia was providing the opportunity to fulfill her true potential.</p> <figure id="attachment_52362" style="width: 2323px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52362 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-AP_18225597083212.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52362 lazyload" alt="" width="2323" height="2700" data-sizes="(max-width: 2323px) 100vw, 2323px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-AP_18225597083212.jpg 2323w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-AP_18225597083212-327x380.jpg 327w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-AP_18225597083212-654x760.jpg 654w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-AP_18225597083212.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">1987: The “Godfather of Soul” James Brown and the “Queen of Soul” Aretha Franklin perform at Taboo nightclub in Detroit. That year, Franklin became the first woman inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. (AP/Rob Kozloff)</figcaption></figure><p>Determined to make a change, in 1967 Aretha Franklin moved from Columbia to Atlantic Records, the R&B-oriented label founded by Ahmet Ertegun.  Ertegun, the son of a Turkish diplomat, had spent his student years in Washington, D.C., where he fell in love with jazz, blues, and the entire rich tradition of African American music.  He had focused on bringing black artists to the attention of a larger public, enjoying particular success with singer and pianist Ray Charles.</p> <p>Ertegun assigned producer Jerry Wexler to work with Franklin. Rather than selecting material for her, Wexler urged her to choose her own songs.  Rather than having elaborate orchestral arrangements written for her, he urged her to accompany herself on the piano and create the groove for each song, allowing improvising musicians to follow her lead. Her first single for Atlantic, “I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You),” shot to number one on the R&B chart, and to number one on the <em>Billboard</em> Hot 100, and gave the title to her first album. In December of 1967 The B-side of her first single, “Do Right Woman, Do Right Man,” also made the R&B Top 40.</p> <figure id="attachment_52363" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52363 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1993-42-74621987.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52363 lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="3829" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1993-42-74621987.jpg 2280w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1993-42-74621987-226x380.jpg 226w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1993-42-74621987-453x760.jpg 453w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1993-42-74621987.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">January 17, 1993: Aretha Franklin headlining a concert that kicked off the entire Clinton/Gore Inaugural. “America’s Reunion on the Mall,” a two-day event on the National Mall between Capitol Hill and the Washington Monument, drew a record-setting crowd of one million people. The event began with a concert where Aretha Franklin was joined by performers Bob Dylan, Tony Bennett, LL Cool J, Diana Ross, and Michael Bolton. (Mark Reinstein/Corbis)</figcaption></figure><p>The following spring, Atlantic released the single that will forever be inextricably associated with Aretha Franklin. The soul singer Otis Redding had originally written and recorded the song “Respect” in 1965.  Aretha rearranged the song, adding the break in which she spelled out the word — “R-E-S-P-E-C-T,” while her sisters rapidly sang the words “sock it to me,” a popular catchphrase of the day.  The new arrangement, her performance, and the unmistakable significance of a woman rather than a man demanding respect from her loved one, spoke to the pent-up frustrations of men and women around the world. The song was embraced as an anthem by both the civil rights movement and by the burgeoning women’s movement.</p> <figure id="attachment_52364" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52364 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1998-GettyImages-74696922.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52364 lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="1487" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1998-GettyImages-74696922.jpg 2280w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1998-GettyImages-74696922-380x248.jpg 380w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1998-GettyImages-74696922-760x496.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1998-GettyImages-74696922.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">1998: Gloria Estefan, Mariah Carey, Aretha Franklin, Carole King, Shania Twain and Celine Dion at historic Beacon Theatre in New York City for VH1’s <em>Divas Live</em> special. The evening — a benefit supporting the channel’s Save the Music Foundation — became iconic television, spawning an album and over 10 subsequent <em>Divas Live</em> specials. And while the concert was filled with memorable moments, it was its finale that stands out, with all six singers joining together for an epic performance of “(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman.” (Kevin Mazur and Getty)</figcaption></figure><p>“Respect” brought Aretha two Grammy Awards, for Best R&B record and Best Female R&B performance. Her first Atlantic album became a gold record, selling half a million copies. Franklin scored two more Top Ten singles in 1968, “Baby I Love You,” and the unforgettable “(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman,” written by Carole King. The following year, she released two Top Ten albums,  <em>Lady Soul</em> and <em>Aretha Now!</em>  The year also saw some of her most successful singles, “Chain of Fools,” “Ain’t No Way,” “Think,” and “Say a Little Prayer.”</p> <p>In February 1968, she was presented with the Drum Beat award of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., whom she had known since she was a teenager.  When Dr. King was murdered in April, Franklin performed the spiritual “My Precious Lord,” at his funeral.  Now an international star, she toured Europe that spring and was featured on the cover of <em>TIME</em> magazine.</p> <figure id="attachment_52365" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52365 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-Franklin-Aretha-with-Coretta-Scott-King-.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52365 lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="1503" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-Franklin-Aretha-with-Coretta-Scott-King-.jpg 2280w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-Franklin-Aretha-with-Coretta-Scott-King--380x251.jpg 380w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-Franklin-Aretha-with-Coretta-Scott-King--760x501.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-Franklin-Aretha-with-Coretta-Scott-King-.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">1999: Academy Awards Council member and Civil Rights pioneer Coretta Scott King presenting the Golden Plate Award to Aretha Franklin at the Banquet of the Golden Plate ceremonies during the Summit in Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure><p>Aretha divorced husband Ted White in 1969 and took full charge of her career for the first time. In the early 1970s, she continued her run of hit albums with <em>Spirit in the Dark</em> and <em>Young, Gifted and Black</em>.  She was the first soul artist to play at the San Francisco rock venue Fillmore West, a performance documented on the album <em>Aretha Live at Fillmore West</em>, in 1971. Returning to her roots in gospel music, she recorded a live album At New Missionary Baptist Church in Los Angeles.  <em>Amazing Grace</em> sold over two million copies, making it the bestselling album of her career, and the bestselling gospel album of all time.</p> <p>Jerry Wexler’s departure from Atlantic left her without a strong collaborator at the label. A collaboration with Quincy Jones on the album <em>Hey Now Hey</em> was a disappointment. She scored her last R&B hit of the ‘70s with “Something He Can Feel,” from the soundtrack of the film <em>Sparkle</em>.  Her last albums for Atlantic sold poorly, and in the middle of the decade, her career was faltering.</p> <figure id="attachment_41946" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-41946 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/wp3-2003-2280-Bill-Clinton-Aretha-Franlin-Chuck-Berry-Patti-Austin.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-41946 lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="1835" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/wp3-2003-2280-Bill-Clinton-Aretha-Franlin-Chuck-Berry-Patti-Austin.jpg 2280w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/wp3-2003-2280-Bill-Clinton-Aretha-Franlin-Chuck-Berry-Patti-Austin-380x306.jpg 380w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/wp3-2003-2280-Bill-Clinton-Aretha-Franlin-Chuck-Berry-Patti-Austin-760x612.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/wp3-2003-2280-Bill-Clinton-Aretha-Franlin-Chuck-Berry-Patti-Austin.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">2003: Academy members Aretha Franklin, Chuck Berry, President Bill Clinton, and Patti Austin at the International Achievement Summit’s Banquet of the Golden Plate gala ceremonies at the Mellon Auditorium in Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure><p>Franklin moved from New York to Los Angeles in search of renewed inspiration and opportunity.  In 1978, she married actor Glynn Turman, making a new home of her children as well as his.  Family matter took center stage in 1979.  In Detroit, Rev. C.L. Franklin was shot at his home, presumably by a burglar attempting a robbery.  He survived the shooting but fell into a coma. His children provided 24-hour nursing care at home. Her father lingered in a coma for five years and never regained consciousness.</p> <figure id="attachment_52366" style="width: 2400px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52366 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2005-AP_18228523784604.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52366 lazyload" alt="" width="2400" height="1594" data-sizes="(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2005-AP_18228523784604.jpg 2400w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2005-AP_18228523784604-380x252.jpg 380w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2005-AP_18228523784604-760x505.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2005-AP_18228523784604.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">November 9, 2005: President George W. Bush presenting Aretha Franklin with the Presidential Medal of Freedom during a ceremony in the East Room of the White House in Washington, D.C. (Olivier Douliery/Abaca/Sipa via AP)</figcaption></figure><p>Franklin ended her 12-year relationship with Atlantic Records in 1979 and began looking for a new label. She was back in the public eye with a memorable performance in the hit film <em>The Blues Brothers</em>, singing her 1960s hit, “Think.”  She signed with Arista Records, run by proven hitmaker Clive Davis.  At Arista, Franklin gradually returned to the top of the charts with her albums for Arista, scoring a gold record with her 1982 album <em>Jump To It</em>.  In 1982, Aretha Franklin separated from her husband Glynn Turman and returned home to Detroit to be near her family.  With her brother and sisters at her side, she saw her father through his last days. C.L. Franklin died in 1984.</p> <figure id="attachment_52367" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52367 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2009-42-21560959.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52367 lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="1849" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2009-42-21560959.jpg 2280w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2009-42-21560959-380x308.jpg 380w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2009-42-21560959-760x616.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2009-42-21560959.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">January 20, 2009 – Aretha Franklin sings a live rendition of “My Country, ‘Tis of Thee” during the inauguration ceremony for U.S. President-elect Barack Obama in Washington, D.C.  Franklin’s hat — a gray felt cloche topped with a giant, matching bow, outlined in rhinestones — became a sensation. (Photo: JIM BOURG/Reuters/Corbis)</figcaption></figure><p>For Aretha Franklin, personal loss coincided with renewed career success.  Her 1985 Arista album <em>Who’s Zoomin’ Who</em> was certified platinum, and included the massive hit single “Freeway of Love.”  The same year, she became the first woman to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 1987 she recorded another gospel album <em>One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism</em> at her father’s old church in Detroit. She enjoyed further chart success throughout the 1990s with the singles “A Deeper Love,” “Willing to Forgive” and “A Rose is Still a Rose.”  The album of the same name was also a gold record.  The music industry honored her with a Grammy Legend Award in 1991 and Grammy of Lifetime Achievement in 1994.</p> <figure id="attachment_51109" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-51109 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/wp-Academy_1849-powell-and-aretha-franklin-2012-Summit-DC.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-51109 lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="1520" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/wp-Academy_1849-powell-and-aretha-franklin-2012-Summit-DC.jpg 2280w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/wp-Academy_1849-powell-and-aretha-franklin-2012-Summit-DC-380x253.jpg 380w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/wp-Academy_1849-powell-and-aretha-franklin-2012-Summit-DC-760x507.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/wp-Academy_1849-powell-and-aretha-franklin-2012-Summit-DC.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">2012: Queen of Soul Aretha Franklin is joined onstage by Awards Council member General Colin Powell during her inspiring musical performance to close the evening of the 50th annual Banquet of the Golden Plate ceremonies.</figcaption></figure><p>In 1998, Franklin was scheduled to appear at the Grammy Awards. When fellow guest performer, the famed operatic tenor Luciano Pavarotti, was forced by illness to cancel a the last minute, Franklin was asked to fill in his place in the program. The orchestra had prepared to accompany Pavarotti in one of his signature pieces, the aria “<em>Nessun Dorma”</em> from Puccini’s opera <em>Turandot</em>.  Franklin already had sung the aria herself at a benefit concert a few months earlier, in her own key.  To the amazement of producers, musicians, and audience, she offered to sing it with the orchestra in the tenor’s original key. Her astonishing performance stopped the show.  The aria became a regular part of her concert repertoire and inspired her to further explore classical vocal literature.  In 2003, after 20 years with Arista Records, she recorded her last album of the label, <em>Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets With the Queen</em>.</p> <p>More than a beloved entertainer, Aretha Franklin had become a treasured living symbol of the American spirit.  In 2005, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush.  She was no stranger to public ceremonies, having performed at President Bill Clinton’s inaugural gala in 1993. An even more emotional moment occurred when she performed in the frigid open air at the inauguration of president Barack Obama in 2009, delivering a memorable performance of “My Country ‘Tis of Thee.”</p> <figure id="attachment_52369" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52369 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2015-42-77335184.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52369 lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="3521" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2015-42-77335184.jpg 2280w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2015-42-77335184-246x380.jpg 246w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2015-42-77335184-492x760.jpg 492w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2015-42-77335184.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">In 2015, Pope Francis visited North America for the World Meeting of Families. At the conclusion of his tour, Pope Francis departed for Philadelphia, where the Supreme Pontiff was serenaded by the Queen of Soul Aretha Franklin at the Festival of Families, an event celebrating U.S. music and culture. (Image by Tony Gentile/Reuters and Corbis)</figcaption></figure><p>Her 2014 album <em>Aretha Franklin Sings the Great Diva Classics</em> included not only her version of “<em>Nessun dorma</em>,” but  a version of “Rolling in the Deep,” previously a hit for the British singer Adele. Franklin’s version became her 100th song to make the Billboard R&B/Hip Hop chart.  She had now received every conceivable honor from her peers in the music world, in addition to her 18 Grammy Awards.</p> <p>After canceling some concerts due to health issues, she toured the United States again in 2014. In 2015, she sang “<em>Nessun dorm</em>a” for Pope Francis at the World Meeting of Families.  At that year’s Kennedy Center Honors, during a tribute to Carole King, Franklin sang “(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman,” to an audience including President Barack Obama and Mrs. Obama, winning a standing ovation from the audience and moving the President to tears.</p> <figure id="attachment_52371" style="width: 2143px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52371 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2017-GettyImages-871781172.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52371 lazyload" alt="" width="2143" height="3000" data-sizes="(max-width: 2143px) 100vw, 2143px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2017-GettyImages-871781172.jpg 2143w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2017-GettyImages-871781172-271x380.jpg 271w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2017-GettyImages-871781172-543x760.jpg 543w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2017-GettyImages-871781172.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">On November 7, 2017, Aretha Franklin played her final show, which consisted of a medley of hits—including “I Say A Little Prayer”—at Elton John’s annual AIDs Foundation gala at Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City. Three months later, Franklin announced she would retire from the road. (Photo by Nicholas Hunt and WireImage)</figcaption></figure><p>On November 2017, she gave her last public performance, singing at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City, in a 15th Anniversary Gala for the Elton John AIDS Foundation.  Aretha Franklin succumbed to pancreatic cancer at the age of 76 in 2018.  She was mourned around the world.  Speakers at her funeral included former President Barack Obama who said her life and work “helped define the American experience.”  Her recorded legacy and the example of her passion, endurance, and commitment to her art continue to inspire musicians, music lovers and ordinary men and women the world over.</p></body></html> <div class="clearfix"> </div> </article> </div> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade" id="profile" role="tabpanel"> <section class="clearfix"> <header class="editorial-article__header"> <figure class="text-xs-center"> <img class="inductee-badge" src="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/inducted-badge@2x.png" alt="Inducted Badge" width="120" height="120"/> <figcaption class="serif-3 text-brand-primary"> Inducted in 1999 </figcaption> </figure> </header> <div class="row"> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar"> <dl class="clearfix m-b-0"> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Career</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> <div><a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/#filter=.singer">Singer</a></div> <div><a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/#filter=.songwriter">Songwriter</a></div> <div><a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/#filter=.musician">Musician</a></div> <div><a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/#filter=.entertainer">Entertainer</a></div> </dd> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Date of Birth</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> March 25, 1942 </dd> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Date of Death</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> August 16, 2018 </dd> </div> </dl> </aside> <article class="col-md-8 editorial-article clearfix"> <p>In the late 1960s, the world came to know and love Aretha Franklin as “the Queen” of soul music. Her hit recording “Respect” became an anthem of the civil rights struggle and of the nascent women’s movement.</p> <p>Her musical career began in the Detroit, Michigan church of her pastor father; with her father’s encouragement, she pursued a career as a professional singer, signing with Columbia Records at age 18. A move to Atlantic Records in 1967 led to a series of his singles, “Think,” “Chain of Fools” and “(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman” that defined the changing consciousness of the era.</p> <p>Aretha Franklin continued to record hit albums for the next 30 years, expanding her repertoire to encompass a vast spectrum of music — blues, gospel, R&B, jazz standards and operatic arias. She was honored by her peers with 18 Grammy Awards and by her country with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.</p> </article> </div> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade" id="interview" role="tabpanel"> <section class="clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 interview-feature-video"> <figure> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/PP7PaDHX1JE?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Franklin-Aretha-2012-MasterEdit.00_06_14_12.Still016-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Franklin-Aretha-2012-MasterEdit.00_06_14_12.Still016-760x428.jpg"></div> <div class="video-tag sans-4"> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> <div class="video-tag__text">Watch full interview</div> </div> </div> </figure> </div> <header class="col-md-12 text-xs-center m-b-2"> <i class="icon-icon_bio text-brand-primary"></i> </header> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar"> <h2 class="serif-3 achiever--biography-subtitle">Grammy Legend Award</h2> <div class="sans-2">Washington, D.C.</div> <div class="sans-2">October 27, 2012</div> </aside> <article class="editorial-article col-md-8">   <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p><strong>You were born in Memphis.  What was that like?</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin:   I don’t know what Memphis was like, because I was so small when I left there, I don’t even remember being there.  I don’t know.  It’s a very tiny place, what I saw when I went back to the home where I was born.  I can’t say I grew up there, because we went to Buffalo from there, I guess when I was maybe about two or three, maybe. I’m not sure.</p> <p><strong>How did you come to move from Memphis to Buffalo?</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin:  My father moved the family to Buffalo, New York.  He pastored the Friendship Baptist Church there for about four years.  After that we moved to Detroit and he pastored the New Bethel Baptist Church for about 28 years.</p> <figure id="attachment_52373" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-52373 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/1960-wp-BE048634.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-52373 size-full lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="2840" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/1960-wp-BE048634.jpg 2280w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/1960-wp-BE048634-305x380.jpg 305w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/1960-wp-BE048634-610x760.jpg 610w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/1960-wp-BE048634.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">1960s: Portrait of Aretha Franklin with an engagement ring on her finger. Franklin’s musical roots were in gospel — music she grew up on in the Baptist churches where her father, the Reverand C. L. Franklin, preached. She began singing in the choir of her father’s New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit, and soon became a star soloist. (© Corbis)</figcaption></figure><p><strong>Did your father encourage your singing?</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin:   Oh, sure.  My dad always encouraged me to sing.  Many times, I was too small to be singing, so they would put a chair there, and I would just stand on top of the chair top and sing at the Sunday night broadcast or the Sunday morning services.</p> <figure id="attachment_52380" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52380 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1970s-42-19695886.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52380 lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="2300" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1970s-42-19695886.jpg 2280w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1970s-42-19695886-377x380.jpg 377w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1970s-42-19695886-753x760.jpg 753w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1970s-42-19695886.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">1970: Aretha Franklin’s success expanded during the early 1970s, during which she recorded the multi-week R&B number one “Don’t Play That Song (You Lied)”, as well as the top-ten singles “Spanish Harlem”, “Rock Steady” and “Day Dreaming.” Some of these releases were from the acclaimed albums <em>Spirit in the Dark</em> and <em>Young, Gifted and Black</em>. She then returned to Gospel music in a two-night, live-church recording, with the album, <em>Amazing Grace</em>, in which she reinterpreted standards such as Mahalia Jackson’s “How I Got Over”. (Image by © Joel Brodsky/Corbis)</figcaption></figure><p><strong>So you started singing in the church?</strong></p> <p>I sang in the junior choir.  And I was one of the lead vocalists for the choir.  I played piano for the choir occasionally.  And customarily on the road when my father would go on the road and have services in major auditoriums and arenas across the country, I would precede him singing, then he would minister from there.</p> <p><strong>Did you have formal lessons on the piano?</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin:   Yes and no.</p></body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/afa6RAMarEY?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Franklin-Aretha-2012-MasterEdit.00_00_24_15.Still019-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Franklin-Aretha-2012-MasterEdit.00_00_24_15.Still019-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p>Aretha Franklin: I started out playing by ear, and my dad wanted me to take lessons, and I didn’t want to take lessons so I would run and hide every time the teacher came — hide in the closet, behind the coats — and once I thought she was gone, I would come out. But I wish today that I had taken the lessons. Now I plan to go to Juilliard sometime soon and hopefully do at least a couple of years there. So I really wish that I had kind of learned the fundamentals then.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p><strong>When did you start to think about singing outside the church, as a career?</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin: I don’t know. I think maybe about 1or 16. Something like that.</p> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/aQzzQXTEbnQ?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Franklin-Aretha-2012-MasterEdit.00_06_24_14.Still017-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Franklin-Aretha-2012-MasterEdit.00_06_24_14.Still017-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/keys-to-success/vision/">Vision</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p>I had the occasion to meet Sam Cooke, who came to one of our gospel presentations after church that we would have regularly on Sunday evenings. And after meeting Sam and listening to him, he left the gospel field and began to record for SAR, S-A-R, Records. That was Sam Alexander and S.R. Crain, who was one of the Soul Stirrers, and he also was Sam’s manager. Sam had such great success in leaving gospel, or certainly broadening his horizons, I wondered if I could do the same thing. I wondered if I could be as successful singing secular music as gospel. So I talked to my Dad about it. And he said, “If that’s what you want to do, by all means.”</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><figure id="attachment_52386" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52386 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1970-42-19695887.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52386 lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="2184" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1970-42-19695887.jpg 2280w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1970-42-19695887-380x364.jpg 380w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1970-42-19695887-760x728.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1970-42-19695887.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">In the early 1970s, Aretha Franklin triumphed at the Fillmore West in San Francisco before an audience of flower children and on whirlwind tours of Europe and Latin America. Franklin’s return to gospel, <em>Amazing Grace</em> (1972), is considered one of the great gospel albums of any era. <em>Amazing Grace</em> sold more than 2 million copies. (© Corbis)</figcaption></figure><p><strong>Could you tell us about the journey from singing with the church choir to becoming a secular entertainer.</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin:  Well, there was a lot of rehearsal involved, certainly.  Many hours spent rehearsing, learning the lyrics, and so on. Presentation.  Cholly Atkins, who just passed about two weeks ago (in 2003), was my very first choreographer.  And pretty much, coming up, it was choreography, lyrics, and selection.</p> <p><strong>Tell us about the first record you made.</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin:   The first record I made for Columbia was “Today I Sing the Blues,” but before that…</p></body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/2FJS0hYBGtE?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Franklin-Aretha-2012-MasterEdit.00_01_20_21.Still018-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Franklin-Aretha-2012-MasterEdit.00_01_20_21.Still018-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p>Aretha Franklin: I recorded for Chess Records, with whom my dad was affiliated, and in concert out in the Oakland Arena in California. We had services there. My very first recording really was “Precious Lord, Part 1 and Part 2.” After that, there were a few things for the Chess label prior to Columbia. Columbia in 1962 — I was brought to the company by John Hammond. I did an audition for Mr. Hammond in a little, small room, just a little larger than this one, with a piano, and my manager at the time, Joe King, who took me over to Columbia. my dad, who put a rhythm section together for me, people that he knew. As he and Art Tatum were very good friends, he would always go and see Art Tatum when he would come in town, and Art Tatum would come to church when he would come to town and have dinner at our home or something like that. But anyway, he knew some of the musicians, so he put a saxophone player, and he called his friend, he asked him to put the rest of the musicians together. He knew the bass player, but he didn’t know anyone else. So anyway, the bass player, Mule Holley — who was rather prominent in those days — put the rhythm section together actually.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p><strong>You were in Detroit while Motown was getting started. We understand that Berry Gordy, the founder of Motown was interested in signing you, but you Dad turned him down. Is that right?</strong></p> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/4Y_VyfkRhW8?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Franklin-Aretha-2012-MasterEdit.00_06_24_14.Still005-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Franklin-Aretha-2012-MasterEdit.00_06_24_14.Still005-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p>Aretha Franklin: He went and he visited Berry (Gordy). He went to see Berry and they met and they talked. He didn’t feel that Berry had the kind of distribution that he wanted for me. He wanted me to have national and international distribution, and at that time Berry was just a fledgling label really. He was not “the” Berry Gordy that we know today. Columbia was suggested to him and it was, to my Dad’s liking, much better — Columbia — because they had national and international distribution and promo.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p><strong>You’re lucky to have a father who was so…</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin:  Savvy.</p> <p><strong>So involved and so supportive.</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin:  Yes, that’s right.</p> <figure id="attachment_52388" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52388 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-42-23971063-1.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-52388 lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="2280" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-42-23971063-1.jpg 2280w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-42-23971063-1-190x190.jpg 190w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-42-23971063-1-380x380.jpg 380w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-42-23971063-1-760x760.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-42-23971063-1.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">1987: Aretha Franklin promotes her album <em>One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism</em>. On January 3, 1987, Aretha Franklin was the first woman inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. (Image by © Norman Parkinson Ltd. and Corbis)</figcaption></figure><p><strong>How did you feel about that at that time?  Did you trust him to take care of you and take over your career?</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin:  My Dad didn’t take over my career.  He was just the guiding light to New York.  He saw to it that I had the right management and agents and so on before he went back to Detroit.</p> <p><strong>When did you start writing songs? Was that when you got to New York? </strong></p></body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/dAJBCiL79ok?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Franklin-Aretha-2012-MasterEdit.00_03_00_06.Still004-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Franklin-Aretha-2012-MasterEdit.00_03_00_06.Still004-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p>Aretha Franklin: “Without the One You Love” was one of my first compositions. Bob Mersey at the time — who also did some things for Streisand — was on Columbia. We were both on Columbia at the same time. And Mersey arranged that. I walked in the studio that evening and the string players were there. I’d never had strings or anything on any of my records. And just to hear my music being played like that, I just broke down in tears.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p><strong>How long were you with Columbia?</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin: I was with Columbia for six years before I went to Atlantic Records and signed with Jerry Wexler and Ahmet Ertegun.</p> <p><strong>That was a big leap.</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin: Yes. That was a quantum leap from Columbia.</p> <p><strong>What was the difference?</strong></p> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/YL6c85RWNH8?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Franklin-Aretha-2012-MasterEdit.00_09_17_03.Still012-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Franklin-Aretha-2012-MasterEdit.00_09_17_03.Still012-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p>Aretha Franklin: At Columbia, everything pretty much was arranged for me by Mr. Hammond. He would secure the musicians and arrangers — Bob Mersey, who was just magnificent in those days. He probably still is. Clyde Otis did some of the production work in the early days. Ray Bryant did some of the production work, a fabulous pianist. But the difference — I think the main difference was Jerry (Wexler) asked me to sit at the piano and bring in some things, where at Columbia, they pretty much were telling me what to do rather than just letting me do. So I think that was the main difference. I made the selections once we got to Atlantic.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p><strong>You went for kind of a new sound didn’t you?</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin:   Well, it was there all the time.  We just hadn’t done it.</p> <p><strong>Could you tell that you were breaking through at that point?</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin:   Not really.  Not until I heard “Respect” was on the charts, and it was very close to the top of the charts.  Then we kind of knew something was happening.</p> <p><strong>When you recorded “Respect,” did you ever imagine people would be listening to it and loving it all these years later? </strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin:   You never know.  You never know until you put it out there, and the people tell you whether they like it or not, whether you have something or not.  It’s standing up pretty good.  It’s standing up.  That’s what Jerry used to say.  We would record, and sometimes we would be in there for maybe four or five hours, but the proof of the pudding for him was the next day.  If it stood up and it sounded as good the next day as it did the night before, then he felt like we had something.</p> <figure id="attachment_52390" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-52390 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/2280-side-by-side-1999-washington-national-cathedral-wp-2280-1812328-004.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-52390 size-full lazyload" alt="" width="2280" height="813" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/2280-side-by-side-1999-washington-national-cathedral-wp-2280-1812328-004.jpg 2280w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/2280-side-by-side-1999-washington-national-cathedral-wp-2280-1812328-004-380x136.jpg 380w, /web/20180916100902im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/2280-side-by-side-1999-washington-national-cathedral-wp-2280-1812328-004-760x271.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/2280-side-by-side-1999-washington-national-cathedral-wp-2280-1812328-004.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">1999: Aretha Franklin performs a concert honoring the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., at Washington National Cathedral during an outing for the American Academy of Achievement’s Summit held in Washington, D.C.; Aretha Franklin greets Civil Rights pioneer Coretta Scott King after her performance at the Washington National Cathedral.</figcaption></figure><p><strong>The thing about that song is not just the greatness of the performance, it became kind an anthem for different movements in our society.</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin:   Well, we all need respect.  Everybody wants respect of some kind.</p> <p><strong> How did you feel when you saw that picked up that way?</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin:   I thought it was fabulous. “Hey, go ahead!”</p></body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p><strong>Can you remember how you felt when you won your first Grammy?</strong></p> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916100902if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/8ljyHGESgHk?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Franklin-Aretha-2012-MasterEdit.00_09_38_01.Still011-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Franklin-Aretha-2012-MasterEdit.00_09_38_01.Still011-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p>Aretha Franklin: First Grammy? I was not there. I wasn’t even aware of what the Grammy meant. Jerry Wexler and Arif (Mardin) and Ahmet (Eretegun) were there, picking up the Grammys. I didn’t know what Grammys were for maybe the first couple of years, one or two years, and then somebody went, “Hey, you won a Grammy!” “I did? Okay. And a Grammy is what?” Well, I found out what Grammys were, and what they meant, and I’m very, very proud of the fact that I have a record number of them.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p><strong>You stayed with Atlantic and Jerry Wexler for a long time. Was that unusual?</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin: I don’t think so. I don’t argue with success. I was there from ‘67 through ‘79. That’s 13 years. I think Ray Charles was with the label longer than that. It’s not very long.</p> <p><strong>What made that such a successful relationship?</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin: We were just compatible and had mutual respect, I think, for each other.</p> <p><strong>Do you ever have stage fright?</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin: In the early years, yes. After time, I became more confident about it. You learn a lot as you go</p> <p><strong>Did you have any tricks to try to get over it? </strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin: No. I am a trickless artiste.</p> <p><strong>You mentioned going to Juilliard to get some more training. What do you want to do with that?</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin: Teach. Teach and coach. I’d really like to teach a master class in soul at Juilliard, yes.</p> <p><strong>We’ve all loved hearing you sing Puccini’s “<em>Nessun dorma</em>.” Are there other operatic arias or classical songs you’d like to sing?</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin: “<em>Nessun dorma</em>,” yes. I love that. That’s one of my favorites, and yes, I love Puccini. “Song to the Moon” (Dvořák) and some other arias that I’m learning, “Doretta’s Aria,” and “<em>O mio babbino caro</em>” — things like that.</p> <p><strong>There are people who say you are the greatest singer of all time. Do you agree with that?</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin: I’ll leave that to other people. It’s not for me to say. But as far as singers are concerned, some of the singers that I particularly like would be Barbara Hendrix — classical — and Kathleen Battle, and Leontyne Price of course. And I think that Judy Garland was one of the world’s great singers as well.</p> <p><strong>Have you ever recorded “Somewhere Over the Rainbow?”</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin: I have. In fact, it was on one of my first recordings at Columbia.</p> <p><strong>Well, thank you very much for your time.</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin: Thank you.</p> <p><strong> What a pleasure talking to you.</strong></p> <p>Aretha Franklin: My pleasure. Thank you very much.</p> </div>  </aside>  </article> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade" id="gallery" role="tabpanel"> <section class="isotope-wrapper">  <header class="toolbar toolbar--gallery bg-white clearfix"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="serif-4">Aretha Franklin Gallery</div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 text-md-right isotope-toolbar"> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline m-b-0 text-brand-primary sans-4"> <li class="list-inline-item" data-filter=".photo"><i class="icon-icon_camera"></i>26 photos</li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="isotope-gallery isotope-box single-achiever__gallery clearfix"> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66447368421053" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1980-GettyImages-607405288-1.jpg" data-image-caption="American singer, songwriter, and pianist Aretha Franklin surrounded by actor John Belushi and Canadian actor and screenwriter Dan Aykroyd on the set of The Blues Brothers directed by John Landis. In the blockbuster film, Franklin plays the role of Mrs. Murphy, a diner waitress whose husband, blues guitarist Matt “Guitar” Murphy (the movie couple reprised their roles for 1998’s Blues Brothers 2000. Murphy died on June 15, 2018), is asked to rejoin Jake (John Belushi) and Elwood (Dan Aykroyd) Blues’ band. In a show-stealing scene, Franklin sings her classic hit “Think” with backup singing and dancing customers and humorous finger wagging to emphasize the “Freedom” reprise. (Photo by Sunset Boulevard/Corbis via Getty Images)" data-image-copyright="On the set of The Blues Brothers" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1980-GettyImages-607405288-1-380x252.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1980-GettyImages-607405288-1-760x505.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.78157894736842" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1968-GettyImages-74270571.jpg" data-image-caption="1968: Record producer Jerry Wexler, soul singer Aretha Franklin and her husband and manager Ted White pose for a portrait holding framed records that were presented by the RIAA to commemorate a milestone in sales. Aretha Franklin released two studio albums in 1968, Lady Soul and Aretha Now, both top five hits on the Billboard album chart. Aretha won her first two Grammys for Best Rhythm & Blues Recording and Best Rhythm & Blues Solo Vocal Performance, Female for “Respect” at the 10th Annual Grammy Awards held on February 29, 1968. (Getty Images)" data-image-copyright="Producer, Singer &amp; Manager" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1968-GettyImages-74270571-380x297.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1968-GettyImages-74270571-760x594.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-42-23971063-1.jpg" data-image-caption="1987: Aretha Franklin promotes her album One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism. On January 3, 1987, Aretha Franklin was the first woman inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. (Image by © Norman Parkinson Ltd./courtesy Norman Parkinson Archive/Corbis)" data-image-copyright="American Singer Aretha Franklin" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-42-23971063-1-380x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-42-23971063-1-760x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.79342105263158" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/King-Coretta-Scott-with-Aretha-Franklin.jpg" data-image-caption="Coretta Scott King and Aretha Franklin, American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award" data-image-copyright="king-coretta-scott-with-aretha-franklin" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/King-Coretta-Scott-with-Aretha-Franklin-380x302.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/11/King-Coretta-Scott-with-Aretha-Franklin-760x603.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.1620795107034" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-AP_18225597083212.jpg" data-image-caption="1987: The “Godfather of Soul” James Brown and the “Queen of Soul” Aretha Franklin perform at Taboo nightclub in Detroit. That year, Franklin became the first woman inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. (AP/Rob Kozloff)" data-image-copyright="Aretha Franklin,James Brown" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-AP_18225597083212-327x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1987-AP_18225597083212-654x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.95789473684211" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1970-42-19695887.jpg" data-image-caption="In the early 1970s, Aretha Franklin triumphed at the Fillmore West in San Francisco before an audience of flower children and on whirlwind tours of Europe and Latin America. Franklin’s return to gospel, Amazing Grace (1972), is considered one of the great gospel albums of any era. Amazing Grace sold more than 2 million copies. (© Corbis)" data-image-copyright="Aretha Franklin" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1970-42-19695887-380x364.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1970-42-19695887-760x728.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/wp-Academy_1849-powell-and-aretha-franklin-2012-Summit-DC.jpg" data-image-caption="2012: Queen of Soul Aretha Franklin is joined onstage by Awards Council member General Colin Powell during her inspiring musical performance to close the evening of the 50th annual Banquet of the Golden Plate ceremonies." data-image-copyright="wp-Academy_1849 - powell and aretha franklin - 2012 Summit DC" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/wp-Academy_1849-powell-and-aretha-franklin-2012-Summit-DC-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/04/wp-Academy_1849-powell-and-aretha-franklin-2012-Summit-DC-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.0092961487384" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1970s-42-19695886.jpg" data-image-caption="1970: Aretha Franklin’s success expanded during the early 1970s, during which she recorded the multi-week R&B number one “Don’t Play That Song (You Lied)”, as well as the top-ten singles “Spanish Harlem”, “Rock Steady” and “Day Dreaming.” Some of these releases were from the acclaimed albums Spirit in the Dark and Young, Gifted and Black. She then returned to Gospel music in a two-night, live-church recording, with the album, Amazing Grace, in which she reinterpreted standards such as Mahalia Jackson’s “How I Got Over”. (Image by © Joel Brodsky/Corbis)" data-image-copyright="Aretha Franklin" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1970s-42-19695886-377x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1970s-42-19695886-753x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.2459016393443" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/1960-wp-BE048634.jpg" data-image-caption="1960s: Portrait of Aretha Franklin with an engagement ring on her finger. Franklin’s musical roots were in gospel — music she grew up on in the Baptist churches where her father, the Reverand C. L. Franklin, preached. She began singing in the choir of her father’s New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit, and soon became a star soloist. (© Corbis)" data-image-copyright="Aretha Franklin" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/1960-wp-BE048634-305x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/1960-wp-BE048634-610x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.3996316758748" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2017-GettyImages-871781172.jpg" data-image-caption="On November 7, 2017, Aretha Franklin played her final show, which consisted of a medley of hits—including “I Say A Little Prayer”—at Elton John’s annual AIDs Foundation gala at Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City. Three months later, Franklin announced she would retire from the road. (Photo by Nicholas Hunt and WireImage)" data-image-copyright="Elton John AIDS Foundation Commemorates Its 25th Year And Honors Founder Sir Elton John During New York Fall Gala - Show" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2017-GettyImages-871781172-271x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2017-GettyImages-871781172-543x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.99342105263158" title="Aretha Franklin, the Queen of Soul, performs at the Academy Banquet." data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - Aretha Franklin, the Queen of Soul, performs at the Academy Banquet.">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/1811.jpg" data-image-caption="Aretha Franklin, the Queen of Soul, performs at the Academy Banquet." data-image-copyright="Aretha Franklin, the Queen of Soul, performs at the Academy Banquet." data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/1811-380x378.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/1811-760x755.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.5447154471545" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2015-42-77335184.jpg" data-image-caption="In 2015, Pope Francis visited North America for the World Meeting of Families. At the conclusion of his tour, Pope Francis departed for Philadelphia, where the Supreme Pontiff was serenaded by the Queen of Soul Aretha Franklin at the Festival of Families, an event celebrating U.S. music and culture. (Image by Tony Gentile/Reuters and Corbis)" data-image-copyright="Pope Francis listens as singer Aretha Franklin performs as he attends the Festival of Families rally in Philadelphia" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2015-42-77335184-246x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2015-42-77335184-492x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.81052631578947" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2009-42-21560959.jpg" data-image-caption="January 20, 2009 – Aretha Franklin sings a live rendition of “My Country, ‘Tis of Thee” during the inauguration ceremony for U.S. President-elect Barack Obama in Washington, D.C. Franklin’s hat — a gray felt cloche topped with a giant, matching bow, outlined in rhinestones — became a sensation. (Photo: JIM BOURG/Reuters/Corbis)" data-image-copyright="USA - Presidential Inauguration" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2009-42-21560959-380x308.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2009-42-21560959-760x616.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66447368421053" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2005-AP_18228523784604.jpg" data-image-caption="November 9, 2005: President George W. Bush presenting Aretha Franklin with the Presidential Medal of Freedom during a ceremony in the East Room of the White House in Washington, D.C. (Olivier Douliery/Abaca/Sipa via AP)" data-image-copyright="President Bush honors celebrities at the White House-Washington" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2005-AP_18228523784604-380x252.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-2005-AP_18228523784604-760x505.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.65921052631579" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-Franklin-Aretha-with-Coretta-Scott-King-.jpg" data-image-caption="1999: Academy Awards Council member and Civil Rights pioneer Coretta Scott King presenting the Golden Plate Award to Aretha Franklin at the Banquet of the Golden Plate ceremonies during the Summit in Washington, D.C." data-image-copyright="wp-Franklin, Aretha with Coretta Scott King" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-Franklin-Aretha-with-Coretta-Scott-King--380x251.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-Franklin-Aretha-with-Coretta-Scott-King--760x501.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.65263157894737" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1998-GettyImages-74696922.jpg" data-image-caption="1998: Gloria Estefan, Mariah Carey, Aretha Franklin, Carole King, Shania Twain and Celine Dion at historic Beacon Theatre in New York City for VH1’s Divas Live special. The evening — a benefit supporting the channel’s Save the Music Foundation — became iconic television, spawning an album and over 10 subsequent Divas Live specials. And while the concert was filled with memorable moments, it was its finale that stands out, with all six singers joining together for an epic performance of “(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman.” (Kevin Mazur and Getty)" data-image-copyright="VH1 Divas Live" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1998-GettyImages-74696922-380x248.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1998-GettyImages-74696922-760x496.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.6777041942605" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1993-42-74621987.jpg" data-image-caption="January 17, 1993: Aretha Franklin headlining a concert that kicked off the entire Clinton/Gore Inaugural. “America’s Reunion on the Mall,” a two-day event on the National Mall between Capitol Hill and the Washington Monument, drew a record-setting crowd of one million people. The event began with a concert where Aretha Franklin was joined by performers Bob Dylan, Tony Bennett, LL Cool J, Diana Ross, and Michael Bolton. (Mark Reinstein/Corbis)" data-image-copyright="President William Jefferson Clinton Inaugural Concert at the Lincoln Memorial" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1993-42-74621987-226x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1993-42-74621987-453x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.0133333333333" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1971-GettyImages-539004291.jpg" data-image-caption="1971: Portrait of Aretha Franklin (center), her father, C. L. Franklin, pastor of New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit, Michigan, and her sister, fellow singer Carolyn Franklin, in New York. (Photo by Anthony Barboza and Getty Images)" data-image-copyright="Portrait Of Aretha Franklin &amp; Family" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1971-GettyImages-539004291-375x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1971-GettyImages-539004291-750x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.78552631578947" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1962-GettyImages-1019105868.jpg" data-image-caption="1962: Aretha Franklin, age 20, recording at the piano at Columbia Studios in New York. Aretha Louis Franklin was born on March 25, 1942, in Memphis, Tennessee. (Photo: Donaldson Collection/Michael Ochs Archives and Getty)" data-image-copyright="Aretha Franklin Recording" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1962-GettyImages-1019105868-380x299.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/wp-1962-GettyImages-1019105868-760x597.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.35657894736842" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/2280-side-by-side-1999-washington-national-cathedral-wp-2280-1812328-004.jpg" data-image-caption="1999: Aretha Franklin performs a concert honoring the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., at Washington National Cathedral during an outing for the American Academy of Achievement’s Summit held in Washington, D.C.; Aretha Franklin greets Civil Rights pioneer Coretta Scott King after her performance at the Washington National Cathedral." data-image-copyright="2280-side-by-side---1999-washington-national-cathedral---wp-2280-1812328-004" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/2280-side-by-side-1999-washington-national-cathedral-wp-2280-1812328-004-380x136.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/2280-side-by-side-1999-washington-national-cathedral-wp-2280-1812328-004-760x271.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/franklin-profile-square.jpg" data-image-caption="" data-image-copyright="franklin-profile-square" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/franklin-profile-square-380x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/franklin-profile-square.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.8" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/wp-Aretha-Franklin-and-Coretta-Scott-King-2003-Summit-washington-DC-copy.jpg" data-image-caption="The Queen of Soul Aretha Franklin greets fellow Academy of Achievement member and Civil Rights pioneer Coretta Scott King before her performance at the Banquet of the Golden Plate ceremonies at Mellon Auditorium during the 2003 International Achievement Summit in Washington, D.C." data-image-copyright="wp-Aretha Franklin and Coretta Scott King 2003 Summit - washington DC copy" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/wp-Aretha-Franklin-and-Coretta-Scott-King-2003-Summit-washington-DC-copy-380x304.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/08/wp-Aretha-Franklin-and-Coretta-Scott-King-2003-Summit-washington-DC-copy-760x608.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.80526315789474" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/wp3-2003-2280-Bill-Clinton-Aretha-Franlin-Chuck-Berry-Patti-Austin.jpg" data-image-caption="2003: Academy members Aretha Franklin, Chuck Berry, President Bill Clinton, and Patti Austin at the International Achievement Summit's Banquet of the Golden Plate held at the Mellon Auditorium in Washington, D.C. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="wp3-2003-2280-Bill-Clinton-Aretha-Franlin-Chuck-Berry-Patti-Austin" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/wp3-2003-2280-Bill-Clinton-Aretha-Franlin-Chuck-Berry-Patti-Austin-380x306.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2018/01/wp3-2003-2280-Bill-Clinton-Aretha-Franlin-Chuck-Berry-Patti-Austin-760x612.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.3333333333333" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/wp-FullSizeRender-004.jpg" data-image-caption="December 5, 2015: Carole King and Aretha Franklin at the Kennedy Center Honors Dinner in the Ben Franklin Room of the U.S. State Department in Washington, D.C. The tribute performance included James Taylor, and a show-stopping performance of “(You Make Me Feel Like A) Natural Woman” by the incomparable Aretha Franklin that brought President Barak Obama to tears." data-image-copyright="wp-fullsizerender-004" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/wp-FullSizeRender-004-285x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/11/wp-FullSizeRender-004-570x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66973684210526" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/168639-02-2.jpg" data-image-caption="American Academy of Achievement members Coretta Scott King, Aretha Franklin and Kathleen Battle at the 1999 International Achievement Summit in Washington, D.C. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="168639-02-2" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/168639-02-2-380x254.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/168639-02-2-760x509.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66578947368421" title="Aretha Franklin is joined onstage by Colin Powell and Academy delegates on the last night of the 50th annual Summit." data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - Aretha Franklin is joined onstage by Colin Powell and Academy delegates on the last night of the 50th annual Summit.">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/1846.jpg" data-image-caption="2012: Aretha Franklin is joined onstage by Colin Powell and Academy delegates on the last night of the 50th annual Summit in Washington, D.C. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="1846" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/1846-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/03/1846-760x506.jpg"></div>  </figure>    </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <footer class="editorial-article__footer col-md-8 col-md-offset-4"> <div class="editorial-article__next-link sans-3"> <a href="#"><strong>What's next:</strong> <span class="editorial-article__next-link-title">profile</span></a> </div> <ul class="social list-unstyled list-inline ssk-group m-b-0"> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="" class="ssk ssk-facebook" data-gtm-category="social" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Shared Achiever on Facebook"><i class="icon-icon_facebook-circle"></i></a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="" class="ssk ssk-twitter" data-gtm-category="social" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Shared Achiever on Twitter"><i class="icon-icon_twitter-circle"></i></a></li>  <li 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Carter Brown</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/linda-buck/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Linda Buck, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/carol-burnett/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carol Burnett</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/george-h-w-bush/"><span class="achiever-list-name">George H. W. Bush</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/susan-butcher/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Susan Butcher</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/james-cameron/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James Cameron</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/benjamin-s-carson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Benjamin S. Carson, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-carter/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jimmy Carter</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/johnny-cash/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Johnny Cash</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/william-j-clinton/"><span class="achiever-list-name">William J. Clinton</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/francis-s-collins/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/denton-a-cooley/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Denton A. Cooley, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/francis-ford-coppola/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Francis Ford Coppola</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ray-dalio/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ray Dalio</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/olivia-de-havilland/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dame Olivia de Havilland</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/michael-e-debakey-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Michael E. DeBakey, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/michael-dell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Michael S. Dell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ron-dennis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ron Dennis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/joan-didion/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Joan Didion</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/david-herbert-donald-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David Herbert Donald, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/rita-dove/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Rita Dove</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sylvia-earle/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sylvia Earle, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/elbaradei/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mohamed ElBaradei</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/gertrude-elion/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Gertrude B. Elion, M.Sc.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/larry-j-ellison/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Larry J. Ellison</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/nora-ephron/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nora Ephron</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/julius-erving/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Julius Erving</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/tony-fadell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Tony Fadell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/paul-farmer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Paul Farmer, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/suzanne-farrell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Suzanne Farrell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sally-field/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sally Field</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/lord-norman-foster/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lord Norman Foster</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/aretha-franklin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Aretha Franklin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/milton-friedman-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Milton Friedman, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/carlos-fuentes/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Fuentes</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/athol-fugard/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Athol Fugard</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ernest-j-gaines/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ernest J. Gaines</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/william-h-gates-iii/"><span class="achiever-list-name">William H. Gates III</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/frank-gehry/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank O. Gehry</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/murray-gell-mann-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Murray Gell-Mann, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/carlos-ghosn/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Ghosn</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/vince-gill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Vince Gill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ruth-bader-ginsburg/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/louise-gluck/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Louise Glück</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/whoopi-goldberg/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Whoopi Goldberg</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jane-goodall/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dame Jane Goodall</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/doris-kearns-goodwin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Doris Kearns Goodwin, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/mikhail-s-gorbachev/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mikhail S. Gorbachev</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/nadine-gordimer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nadine Gordimer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/stephen-jay-gould/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen Jay Gould, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/carol-greider-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carol Greider, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-grisham/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Grisham</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/dorothy-hamill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dorothy Hamill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/demis-hassabis-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Demis Hassabis, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/lauryn-hill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lauryn Hill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sir-edmund-hillary/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir Edmund Hillary</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/reid-hoffman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Reid Hoffman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/khaled-hosseini/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Khaled Hosseini, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ron-howard/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ron Howard</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-hume/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Hume</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/louis-ignarro-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Louis Ignarro, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/daniel-inouye/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Daniel K. Inouye</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jeremy-irons/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jeremy Irons</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-irving/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Irving</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/kazuo-ishiguro/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Kazuo Ishiguro</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sir-peter-jackson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir Peter Jackson</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/donald-c-johanson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Donald C. Johanson, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/frank-m-johnson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank M. Johnson, Jr.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/philip-johnson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Philip C. Johnson</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/chuck-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Chuck Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/james-earl-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James Earl Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/quincy-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Quincy Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/beverly-joubert/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Beverly Joubert</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/dereck-joubert/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dereck Joubert</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/paul-kagame/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Paul Kagame</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/thomas-keller-2/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Thomas Keller</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/anthony-m-kennedy/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Anthony M. Kennedy</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/b-b-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">B.B. King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/carole-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carole King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/coretta-scott-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Coretta Scott King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/henry-kissinger-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Henry A. Kissinger, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/willem-j-kolff/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Willem J. Kolff, M.D., Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/wendy-kopp/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wendy Kopp</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/henry-r-kravis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Henry R. Kravis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/nicholas-d-kristof/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nicholas D. Kristof</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/mike-krzyzewski/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mike Krzyzewski</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ray-kurzwell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ray Kurzweil</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/eric-lander-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Eric S. Lander, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/robert-s-langer-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Robert S. Langer, Sc.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/richard-leakey/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Richard E. Leakey</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/leon-lederman-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leon Lederman, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/robert-lefkowitz-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Robert J. Lefkowitz, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/congressman-john-r-lewis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Congressman John R. Lewis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/maya-lin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Maya Lin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/george-lucas/"><span class="achiever-list-name">George Lucas</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/norman-mailer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Norman Mailer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/peyton-manning/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Peyton Manning</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/wynton-marsalis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wynton Marsalis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-c-mather-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John C. Mather, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/johnny-mathis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Johnny Mathis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ernst-mayr-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ernst Mayr, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/willie-mays/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Willie Mays</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/frank-mccourt/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank McCourt</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/david-mccullough/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David McCullough</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/audra-mcdonald/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Audra McDonald</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/admiral-william-h-mcraven/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Admiral William H. McRaven, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/w-s-merwin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">W. S. Merwin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/james-a-michener/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James A. Michener</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/marvin-minsky-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Marvin Minsky, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/mario-j-molina-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mario J. Molina, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/n-scott-momaday-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">N. Scott Momaday, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/story-musgrave/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Story Musgrave, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ralph-nader/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ralph Nader</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/peggy-noonan/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Peggy Noonan</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jessye-norman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jessye Norman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/tommy-norris/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lt. Thomas R. Norris, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/joyce-carol-oates/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Joyce Carol Oates</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/pierre-omidyar/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Pierre Omidyar</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-page/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jimmy Page</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/larry-page/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Larry Page</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/arnold-palmer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Arnold Palmer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/leon-panetta/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leon Panetta</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/rosa-parks/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Rosa Parks</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/suzan-lori-parks/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Suzan-Lori Parks</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/linus-pauling/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Linus C. Pauling, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/shimon-peres/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Shimon Peres</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/itzhak-perlman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Itzhak Perlman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/general-david-petraeus/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General David H. Petraeus, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sidney-poitier/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sidney Poitier</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/general-colin-l-powell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General Colin L. Powell, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/harold-prince/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Harold Prince</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/venki-ramakrishnan-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Venki Ramakrishnan, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/lord-martin-rees/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lord Martin Rees</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/lloyd-richards/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lloyd Richards</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sally-ride-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sally K. Ride, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sonny-rollins/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sonny Rollins</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/anthony-romero/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Anthony Romero</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/james-rosenquist/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James Rosenquist</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/pete-rozelle/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Pete Rozelle</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/bill-russell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Bill Russell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/albie-sachs/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Albie Sachs</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/oliver-sacks-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Oliver Sacks, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jonas-salk-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jonas Salk, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/frederick-sanger-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frederick Sanger, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/george-b-schaller-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">George B. Schaller, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/barry-scheck/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Barry Scheck</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/richard-evans-schultes-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Richard Evans Schultes, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/general-h-norman-schwarzkopf/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/stephen-schwarzman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen A. Schwarzman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/glenn-t-seaborg-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Glenn T. Seaborg, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/neil-sheehan/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Neil Sheehan</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/admiral-alan-shepard-jr/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Admiral Alan B. Shepard, Jr., USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ellen-johnson-sirleaf/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/carlos-slim/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Slim Helú</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/frederick-w-smith/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frederick W. Smith</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/stephen-sondheim/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen Sondheim</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sonia-sotomayor/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sonia Sotomayor</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/wole-soyinka/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wole Soyinka</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/esperanza-spalding/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Esperanza Spalding</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/martha-stewart/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Martha Stewart</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/admiral-james-b-stockdale/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Admiral James B. Stockdale, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/hilary-swank/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Hilary Swank</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/amy-tan/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Amy Tan</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/dame-kiri-te-kanawa/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dame Kiri Te Kanawa</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/edward-teller-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Edward Teller, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/twyla-tharp/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Twyla Tharp</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/wayne-thiebaud/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wayne Thiebaud</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/lt-michael-e-thornton-usn/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lt. Michael E. Thornton, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/charles-h-townes-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Charles H. Townes, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/david-trimble/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David Trimble</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ted-turner/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Robert Edward (Ted) Turner</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/desmond-tutu/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Archbishop Desmond Tutu</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-updike/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Updike</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/gore-vidal/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Gore Vidal</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/antonio-villaraigosa/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Antonio Villaraigosa</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/lech-walesa/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lech Walesa</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/herschel-walker/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Herschel Walker</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/james-d-watson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James D. Watson, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/andrew-weil-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Andrew Weil, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/leslie-h-wexner/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leslie H. Wexner</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/elie-wiesel/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Elie Wiesel</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/edward-o-wilson-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Edward O. Wilson, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/oprah-winfrey/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Oprah Winfrey</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/tom-wolfe/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Tom Wolfe</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-wooden/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Wooden</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/bob-woodward/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Bob Woodward</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/shinya-yamanaka-m-d-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Shinya Yamanaka, M.D., Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/general-chuck-yeager/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General Chuck Yeager, USAF</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180916100902/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/andrew-young/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Andrew J. 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