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trade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S.–Canada_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S.–Mexico_trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S.–Mexico_trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 U.S.–Mexico trade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S.–Mexico_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trade_agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade_agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Trade agreements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade_agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Political background </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political background subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_Trump_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Trump_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 First Trump administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Trump_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canadian_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canadian_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Canadian politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canadian_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexican_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexican_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Mexican politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexican_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Trump_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Trump_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Second Trump administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Trump_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initial_tariff_threats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_tariff_threats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Initial tariff threats </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Initial_tariff_threats-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Initial tariff threats subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Initial_tariff_threats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canadian_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canadian_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Canadian response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canadian_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexican_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexican_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Mexican response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexican_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-One-month_delay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#One-month_delay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 One-month delay </div> </a> <ul id="toc-One-month_delay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsequent_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsequent_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Subsequent events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsequent_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imposition_of_tariffs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imposition_of_tariffs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Imposition of tariffs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Imposition_of_tariffs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Imposition of tariffs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Imposition_of_tariffs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stock_market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stock_market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Stock market </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stock_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prospective_economic_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prospective_economic_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Prospective economic impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prospective_economic_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions_and_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_and_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Reactions and responses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions_and_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> 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</nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" > 10 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90_%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%96_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Гандлёвая вайна ЗША з Канадай і Мексікай – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гандлёвая вайна ЗША з Канадай і Мексікай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90_%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%96_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_(2025)" title="Гандлёвая вайна ЗША з Канадай і Мэксыкай (2025) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гандлёвая вайна ЗША з Канадай і Мэксыкай (2025)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%97%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%BC%CE%B5_%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_(2025)" title="Εμπορικός πόλεμος των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών με τον Καναδά και το Μεξικό (2025) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εμπορικός πόλεμος των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών με τον Καναδά και το Μεξικό (2025)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_comercial_norteamericana" title="Guerra comercial norteamericana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra comercial norteamericana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%88_%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B5)" title="جنگ تجاری ایالات متحده با کانادا و مکزیک (۲۰۲۵) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ تجاری ایالات متحده با کانادا و مکزیک (۲۰۲۵)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_commerciale_des_%C3%89tats-Unis_avec_le_Canada_et_le_Mexique_de_2025" title="Guerre commerciale des États-Unis avec le Canada et le Mexique de 2025 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre commerciale des États-Unis avec le Canada et le Mexique de 2025" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_comercial_na_Am%C3%A9rica_do_Norte" title="Guerra comercial na América do Norte – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra comercial na América do Norte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_(%D1%81_2025)" title="Торговая война США с Канадой и Мексикой (с 2025) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Торговая война США с Канадой и Мексикой (с 2025)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%DB%95%DA%AF%DB%95%DA%B5_%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%88_%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9_(%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A2%D9%A5)" title="شەڕی بازرگانیی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان لەگەڵ کەنەدا و مەکسیک (٢٠٢٥) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەڕی بازرگانیی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان لەگەڵ کەنەدا و مەکسیک (٢٠٢٥)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">United States–Canada–Mexico trade war</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">February 1, 2025 (2025-02-01) – present (1 month, 1 week and 1 day)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Status</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Ongoing<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li>United States tariffs on Canada and Mexico took effect on March 4</li> <li>Canadian retaliatory tariffs on the U.S. began simultaneously</li> <li>Mexican response is planned to be announced on March 9</li> <li>Tariffs on goods compliant with the <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement</a> delayed until April 2</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Parties</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Lead figures</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244901718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-columns-text-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns>div{box-sizing:border-box;width:50%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns-3>div{width:33.33%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns-4>div{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns>div:not(:first-child){border-left:1px dotted #aaa;padding-left:5px}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist infobox-columns infobox-columns-2 infobox-columns-text-left"> <div> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> </div> <div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a></li></ul></div> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> A <a href="/wiki/Trade_war" title="Trade war">trade war</a> involving the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> began on February 1, 2025, when U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> signed <a href="/wiki/Second_Trump_tariffs" title="Second Trump tariffs">orders imposing near-universal tariffs</a> on goods from the two countries entering the United States. The order called for 25 percent tariffs on all imports from Mexico and all imports from Canada except for <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Canada" title="Petroleum industry in Canada">oil and energy</a>, which would be taxed at 10 percent. In response to the initial order, Canadian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> said Canada would retaliate with immediate 25 percent tariffs on <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>30 billion (<a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>20.6 billion) of American exports, which would expand to CA$155 billion (US$106 billion) after three weeks. Mexican president <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a> said Mexico would enact tariffs and non-tariff retaliation against the United States. Both leaders negotiated a one-month delay for the tariffs with the U.S. on February 3, one day before they were set to take effect, and agreed to increase border security with the United States. The U.S. tariffs entered force on March 4; Canada's retaliatory tariffs began simultaneously, while Mexico said it would announce its retaliation on March 9. On March 6, Trump delayed tariffs on goods compliant with the <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement</a> (USMCA) until April 2, which accounts for about 50 percent of imports from Mexico and 38 percent of imports from Canada. Trump said the tariffs are intended to reduce the U.S.'s <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_trade" title="Balance of trade">trade deficit</a> with Canada and Mexico and force both countries to secure their borders with the U.S. against <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal immigration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fentanyl_analogues" class="mw-redirect" title="Fentanyl analogues">fentanyl analogues</a>. Trudeau and Sheinbaum called the U.S. tariffs unjustified. Trudeau suggested that Trump intends to use tariffs to force <a href="/wiki/Movements_for_the_annexation_of_Canada_to_the_United_States" title="Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States">Canadian annexation into the United States</a>. Both Canada and Mexico said that U.S. tariffs violate the USMCA, a <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreement" title="Free trade agreement">free trade agreement</a> ratified by the three countries in 2020 during Trump's first presidency. Economists have said the tariffs would likely disrupt trade between the three countries, upending supply chains and increasing consumer prices across North America. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_background">Economic background</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S.–Canada_trade">U.S.–Canada trade</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_trade_relations" title="Canada–United States trade relations">Canada–United States trade relations</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_trade_relations" title="Canada–United States trade relations">bilateral trade relationship</a> between the United States and Canada is one of the world's largest.<a href="#cite_note-Kitamura_20240221-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-2">[2]</a> In the first nine months of 2024, Canadian government data estimated that <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>800 billion (<a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>550 billion) of goods crossed the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canada–U.S. border</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> The countries' energy and automotive markets are both highly integrated,<a href="#cite_note-Kitamura_20240221-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-2">[2]</a> and Canada is the U.S.'s largest supplier of steel.<a href="#cite_note-:16-4">[4]</a> As of November 2024, the U.S. government estimated the United States's <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_trade" title="Balance of trade">trade deficit</a> with Canada to be US$55 billion.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> This deficit is largely driven by American demand for <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Canada" title="Petroleum industry in Canada">Canadian oil</a>; when oil exports are excluded, the U.S. has a trade surplus with Canada.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> Roughly 60 percent of oil imported by the U.S. is sourced from Canada,<a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[5]</a> and Canada is the largest supplier of U.S. energy imports and second-largest recipient of U.S. energy exports.<a href="#cite_note-Kitamura_20240221-1">[1]</a> The increased value of U.S. imports from Canada is partially a result of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> in 2022, which created global market instability and raised energy prices.<a href="#cite_note-Kitamura_20240221-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S.–Mexico_trade">U.S.–Mexico trade</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Economic_ties" title="Mexico–United States relations">Mexico–United States relations § Economic ties</a></div> The economies of the United States and Mexico are highly intertwined.<a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a> In 2024, roughly US$800 billion of goods were transported across the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–U.S. border</a>, and over US$1 billion in commerce between the two countries occurs daily.<a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a> In 2023, U.S. exports to Mexico totaled US$322 billion, while the U.S. imported over US$475 billion of Mexican products, according to data from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a> Roughly 70 percent of Mexico's natural gas consumption comes from the U.S., and the U.S. imports about 700,000 <a href="/wiki/Barrel_(unit)" title="Barrel (unit)">barrels</a> of crude oil from Mexico each day.<a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a> Food production between the two countries is also closely integrated: the U.S. sources roughly half of its fresh fruits and vegetables from Mexico, and Mexico is the top market for <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">U.S. agricultural exports</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a> Mexico is the third-largest exporter of steel to the U.S., behind only Canada and Brazil;<a href="#cite_note-:16-4">[4]</a> both Mexico and the U.S. have been accused of violating an agreement signed alongside the USMCA to limit steel exports between each other. Some Americans, including Trump, have said that Mexico has exceeded the level of exports allowed under the agreement. At the same time, the Mexican steel organization Canacero reported that the level of U.S. steel exports also breached the deal.<a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade_agreements">Trade agreements</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement</a></div> In 1994, the United States, Canada, and Mexico signed the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA), a <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreement" title="Free trade agreement">free trade agreement</a> that eliminated almost all <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> on trade between the three countries.<a href="#cite_note-:9-2">[2]</a> NAFTA has been described as a source of political division.<a href="#cite_note-:10-8">[8]</a> In the U.S., it caused <a href="/wiki/Offshoring" title="Offshoring">offshoring</a> as U.S. companies relocated their businesses to Mexico for cheaper labor, harming American <a href="/wiki/Factory_towns" class="mw-redirect" title="Factory towns">factory towns</a> and workers. The backlash to free trade allowed candidates like <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> supporting <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protectionist</a> policies to rise to prominence in U.S. politics. However, many parts of the U.S. benefited from NAFTA's increased trade and economic activity.<a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a> In 2020, during <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump's first term</a> as U.S. president, NAFTA was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement</a> (USMCA), primarily because Trump disagreed with NAFTA.<a href="#cite_note-:9-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a> Changes between NAFTA and the USMCA were largely cosmetic; the new agreement maintained zero tariffs on most products traded across the U.S., Canada, and Mexico, but allowed certain tariffs to be imposed for national security matters.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:62-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_background">Political background</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Trump_administration">First Trump administration</h3></div> During his first term, Trump threatened tariffs on Mexico if it did not end <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal immigration</a> to the United States <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">across the U.S.–Mexico border</a> and repeatedly threatened to withdraw from NAFTA.<a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a> However, he ultimately did not impose tariffs on Mexico after it agreed to create the <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(Mexico)" title="National Guard (Mexico)">Mexican National Guard</a>, send 6,000 troops to fight illegal immigration, and allowed the U.S. to expand its "remain in Mexico" policy, which forced certain asylum seekers to stay in Mexico until the U.S. processed their asylum claim.<a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Trump pressured Canada and Mexico to renegotiate NAFTA by threatening aggressive import tariffs,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> and in May 2018, he extended the U.S.'s <a href="/wiki/First_Trump_tariffs#Steel_and_aluminum" title="First Trump tariffs">global tariffs on steel and aluminum</a> to the two countries, inviting them both to retaliate.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The three countries agreed to lift the steel and aluminum tariffs in May 2019, one year after they had begun,<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> prior to the USMCA taking effect on July 1, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-:13-16">[16]</a> One month after the USMCA entered force, Trump said that aluminum imports constituted a national security threat that endangered U.S. producers and imposed 10 percent tariffs on Canadian aluminum.<a href="#cite_note-:13-16">[16]</a> Trump ended the tariffs the next month ahead of Canada's planned retaliation.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In 2018 and 2019, Trump also <a href="/wiki/First_Trump_tariffs" title="First Trump tariffs">placed major tariffs on China</a>, totaling about US$80 billion of tariffs on about US$380 billion of products, which were largely kept in place by the subsequent administration of <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a> The U.S. government has been concerned over China–Mexico trade, particularly in the automotive sector, because it fears that Chinese companies can use Mexico to export to the United States, circumventing tariffs on China and taking advantage of the USMCA.<a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a> From October 2023 to October 2024, U.S. authorities apprehended 23,000 people illegally crossing across its northern border from Canada and 1.5 million people illegally crossing its southern border from Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canadian_politics">Canadian politics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024%E2%80%932025_Canadian_political_crisis" title="2024–2025 Canadian political crisis">2024–2025 Canadian political crisis</a></div> Trump's <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign">2024 presidential campaign</a> outlined an economic strategy that emphasized the use of tariffs to fund proposed tax cuts and incentive domestic manufacturing in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Rappeport_20241015-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zahn_20250307-20">[20]</a> In November 2024, after winning <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">the U.S. presidential election</a>, Trump threatened 25 percent tariffs on all products from Canada and Mexico, which he said would "remain in effect until such time as drugs, in particular fentanyl, and all illegal aliens stop this invasion of our country."<a href="#cite_note-Zahn_20250307-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN-21">[21]</a> Shortly after, Canadian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> traveled to Trump's estate in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> to speak with him and discuss the tariffs, as well as illegal immigration and drug smuggling across the Canada–U.S. border.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> On December 16, Canada announced a plan to spend CA$1.3 billion (US$913 million) on border security to allay Trump's concerns.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The plan included the creation of a joint U.S.–Canada "strike force" intended to combat transnational crime.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Doug_Ford" title="Doug Ford">Doug Ford</a>, the premier of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> and head of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Federation" title="Council of the Federation">Council of the Federation</a>, called <a href="/wiki/2025_Ontario_general_election" title="2025 Ontario general election">a snap provincial election</a> to be held on February 27, saying that he wanted his <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario</a> to have a stronger mandate to oppose Trump's impending tariffs on Canada.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> In January 2025, Trudeau declared his intention to resign as <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a> leader and prime minister once <a href="/wiki/2025_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2025 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">a new leader is chosen</a> on March 9.<a href="#cite_note-:4-25">[25]</a> On January 31, Trudeau said on social media that Canada was "ready with a forceful and immediate response" if the U.S. moved ahead with its decision to impose tariffs on Canadian exports.<a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexican_politics">Mexican politics</h3></div> Since <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Felipe Calderón">Felipe Calderón</a>'s tenure as president of Mexico in 2012, U.S. law enforcement agents based in Mexico were able to collaborate with their Mexican counterparts to gather intelligence, design operations, conduct anti-corruption investigations, and carry out institutional reforms. However, beginning in 2019, under the government of <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</a>, international cooperation was reduced;<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> his “hugs, not bullets” approach to Mexican criminal cartels worsened the country's crime and violence.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> When the U.S. government closed the border with Mexico to non-essential travel in March 2020 during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, drug traffickers switched from <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a> to <a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">fentanyl</a>, which was easier to transport undetected in the small number of "essential" vehicles allowed to cross. American deaths from fentanyl overdoses doubled between 2019 and 2021.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Trump_administration">Second Trump administration</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_second_Donald_Trump_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic policy of the second Donald Trump administration">Economic policy of the second Donald Trump administration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Trump_tariffs" title="Second Trump tariffs">Second Trump tariffs</a></div>During his <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second inauguration of Donald Trump">inaugural address</a> on January 20, 2025, at the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">his second term</a>, Trump said he would enact steep tariffs on other countries. He said that "Instead of taxing our citizens to enrich other countries", the U.S. would "tariff and tax foreign countries to enrich our citizens".<a href="#cite_note-:10-8">[8]</a> Trump said that both Canada and Mexico are allowing "mass numbers of people to come in and <a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">fentanyl</a> to come in" to the U.S. across their borders.<a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[5]</a> Approximately 0.2 percent of fentanyl entering the U.S. comes from Canada, while 98 percent comes from Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Trump also said both countries were unfairly profiting from the United States's trade deficits.<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-:62-11">[11]</a> He has criticized the United States's trade deficit with Canada while citing inaccurate figures that claim it to be as much as US$200 billion.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> Even after Trump declared his intent to impose imminent tariffs on Canada and Mexico, U.S. companies did not make any concerted effort to import large amounts of goods to the United States before their enactment.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Trump also made repeated calls for Canada to be <a href="/wiki/Movements_for_the_annexation_of_Canada_to_the_United_States" title="Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States">annexed by the United States</a> as its "<a href="/wiki/51st_state" title="51st state">51st state</a>",<a href="#cite_note-bbc1-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-collapse-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> and said that while he would not use military coercion, he could use "economic force" to bring about Canadian annexation.<a href="#cite_note-eforce-34">[34]</a> Trudeau has said that Trump's comments should be taken as a serious threat against Canadian sovereignty and that Trump seeks to control Canada to access its mineral resources.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In an interview, Trump said that his suggestions to annex Canada were serious, and argued that the U.S. trade deficit with Canada was "essentially a subsidy" and that Canada would be "much better off" in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-ap1-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Initial_tariff_threats">Initial tariff threats</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_and_Vice_President_J.D._Vance_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a man" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/President_Donald_Trump_and_Vice_President_J.D._Vance_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-President_Donald_Trump_and_Vice_President_J.D._Vance_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/President_Donald_Trump_and_Vice_President_J.D._Vance_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-President_Donald_Trump_and_Vice_President_J.D._Vance_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/President_Donald_Trump_and_Vice_President_J.D._Vance_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-President_Donald_Trump_and_Vice_President_J.D._Vance_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1058" data-file-height="1374" /></a><figcaption>United States president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></figcaption></figure> On February 1, 2025, Trump signed three <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive orders</a> imposing 25 percent tariffs on all goods from Mexico and Canada<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a> except for Canadian oil and energy exports, which received a 10 percent tariff.<a href="#cite_note-:62-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[5]</a> Mexican energy exports will receive the full 25 percent tariff.<a href="#cite_note-:7-37">[37]</a> The orders were issued under the <a href="/wiki/International_Emergency_Economic_Powers_Act" title="International Emergency Economic Powers Act">International Emergency Economic Powers Act</a> (IEEPA) and were set to take effect at 12:01 a.m. <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Standard Time">Eastern Standard Time</a> on February 4.<a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[5]</a> Trump also ordered 10 percent tariffs on China, which would be imposed in addition to the existing tariffs of up to 25 percent on many Chinese goods.<a href="#cite_note-:62-11">[11]</a> The orders included a clause allowing the U.S. to increase its tariffs if the countries respond with their own tariffs or other retaliatory measures.<a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[5]</a> Trump used the IEEPA—a 1977 U.S. law giving the president broad financial power during declared national emergencies—to circumvent the USMCA's tariff restriction for reasons other than national security,<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ngo_20250202-38">[38]</a> marking the first time the law was used to impose tariffs.<a href="#cite_note-Ngo_20250202-38">[38]</a> Trump cited both the influx of illegal immigrants crossing the United States's borders with both Mexico and Canada, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Opioid epidemic in the United States">opioid epidemic in the United States</a> fueled by fentanyl originating in China reaching the U.S. through Mexico and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-:62-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In the executive order, he said that Canada has played a "central role" in allowing fentanyl to enter the U.S. and that it has failed to "devote sufficient attention and resources or meaningfully coordinate" with the U.S. to "stem the tide of illicit drugs," despite the vast majority of fentanyl in the U.S. coming from the southern border with Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> The tariffs are also aimed at incentivizing manufacturers to hire Americans to make their products in the U.S. instead of importing them from other countries.<a href="#cite_note-:62-11">[11]</a> In later remarks, Trump repeated his hope for Canada to be annexed by the United States, and said that it could do so to avoid tariffs.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>, Trump advisors <a href="/wiki/Peter_Navarro" title="Peter Navarro">Peter Navarro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Stephen Miller</a> were the leading officials in the economic discussions regarding the imposition of tariffs, while China was included at the urging of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> In a post on <a href="/wiki/Truth_Social" title="Truth Social">Truth Social</a>, Trump said: "We need to protect Americans, and it is my duty as president to ensure the safety of all. I made a promise on my campaign to stop the flood of illegal aliens and drugs from pouring across our borders, and Americans overwhelmingly voted in favor of it." While he acknowledged that the tariffs could cause "temporary short-term disruption," he said that they needed to be imposed. Trump also claimed that "Tariffs don't cause inflation" but rather that "They cause success."<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canadian_response">Canadian response</h3></div> Hours after Trump imposed the tariffs on February 1, Trudeau said that Canada would retaliate against the United States with tariffs.<a href="#cite_note-:9-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> He said that Canada would impose 25 percent tariffs on CA$30 billion (US$20.6 billion) of American exports immediately after the U.S. tariffs take effect and impose 25 percent tariffs on a further CA$125 billion (US$86 billion) worth of goods in the next three weeks.<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-25">[25]</a> Trudeau said that the delay would allow Canadian businesses to prepare.<a href="#cite_note-:4-25">[25]</a> He added that Canada was considering more retaliatory trade action in addition to tariffs to force Trump to end the trade war, including export restrictions on critical minerals and energy products or a block on American companies bidding on government contracts.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_Trudeau_March_5_2024_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a man" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Justin_Trudeau_March_5_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Justin_Trudeau_March_5_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Justin_Trudeau_March_5_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Justin_Trudeau_March_5_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Justin_Trudeau_March_5_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Justin_Trudeau_March_5_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2936" data-file-height="3917" /></a><figcaption>Canadian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a></figcaption></figure> Trudeau said that American liquor, vegetables, clothing, shoes, and perfume would be among the first to face retaliatory tariffs and that tariffs on consumer goods such as household appliances, furniture, and sports equipment would also be imposed.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> Canada's retaliation is aimed particularly at "<a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">red states</a>" of the U.S., led by Trump's <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-25">[25]</a> In his speech, Trudeau presented data showing that only about 1 percent of fentanyl imports and illegal border crossings to the United States come from its border with Canada.<a href="#cite_note-:4-25">[25]</a> He called <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Canada–United States relations">the U.S.–Canada relationship</a> "the most successful partnership the world has ever seen" across all domains<a href="#cite_note-:4-25">[25]</a> and accused Trump's tariffs of violating the USMCA.<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a> He also said that the tariffs endanger American consumers and industries,<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a> calling Canadians to "choose Canadian products and services rather than American ones" wherever possible.<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> Trudeau stated: "This is a choice that, yes, will harm Canadians, but beyond that, it will have real consequences for you, the American people. As I have consistently said, tariffs against Canada will put your jobs at risk, potentially shutting down American auto assembly plants and other manufacturing facilities."<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Canada's <a href="/wiki/Premier_(Canada)" title="Premier (Canada)">premiers</a> also responded. Ontario premier Ford said that Canada has "no choice but to hit back and hit back hard"<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> and ordered the <a href="/wiki/Liquor_Control_Board_of_Ontario" title="Liquor Control Board of Ontario">Liquor Control Board of Ontario</a> to end sales of American alcohol.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> premier <a href="/wiki/Danielle_Smith" title="Danielle Smith">Danielle Smith</a>, who had until then been opposed to aggressive trade action against the United States, said Canada needed to respond to Trump's "mutually destructive policy" and that she supported "the strategic use" of tariffs on U.S. goods "that are more easily purchased from Canada and non-U.S. suppliers".<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> Premier <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Legault" title="François Legault">François Legault</a> of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> said he ordered Treasury Board president <a href="/wiki/Sonia_LeBel" title="Sonia LeBel">Sonia LeBel</a> to "review all procurement contracts involving American suppliers" and penalize any that do business with Quebec's government.<a href="#cite_note-:11-46">[46]</a> He also directed the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_alcools_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Société des alcools du Québec">Société des alcools du Québec</a> to remove all American products from its shelves.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, Premier <a href="/wiki/Tim_Houston" title="Tim Houston">Tim Houston</a> said the province will double highway tolls for U.S. vehicles and direct the <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Liquor_Corporation" title="Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation">Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation</a> to stop selling all U.S. liquor by February 4.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a> premier <a href="/wiki/R.J._Simpson" title="R.J. Simpson">R.J. Simpson</a> also announced that his government would review its procurement policies to eliminate purchases from U.S. companies where possible.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Premier <a href="/wiki/Wab_Kinew" title="Wab Kinew">Wab Kinew</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> and Premier <a href="/wiki/Dennis_King_(politician)" title="Dennis King (politician)">Dennis King</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> both said that their provinces would stop importing American liquor,<a href="#cite_note-:18-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-:19-50">[50]</a> while <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> premier <a href="/wiki/David_Eby" title="David Eby">David Eby</a> said the <a href="/wiki/BC_Liquor_Distribution_Branch" title="BC Liquor Distribution Branch">BC Liquor Distribution Branch</a> would halt liquor purchases from Republican-led states.<a href="#cite_note-:20-51">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> premier <a href="/wiki/Ranj_Pillai" title="Ranj Pillai">Ranj Pillai</a> said his territory's government would halt orders of U.S. alcohol, review its contracts with U.S. companies, and consider tolls on U.S. vehicles, but later said the measures would be put on hold until tariffs came into effect.<a href="#cite_note-cbcyt-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Pierre Poilievre</a>, the leader of the opposition <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a>, condemned what he called "massive, unjust and unjustified tariffs". He urged that the government end the current <a href="/wiki/Prorogation_in_Canada" title="Prorogation in Canada">prorogation</a> of parliament to retaliate with measures including dollar-for-dollar tariffs on U.S. goods that he said would raise money to help "affected workers and businesses". He also repeated his demand for a "massive" tax cut and other efforts to bolster the economy.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexican_response">Mexican response</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Claudia_Sheinbaum_en_su_conferencia_matutina_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a woman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Claudia_Sheinbaum_en_su_conferencia_matutina_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Claudia_Sheinbaum_en_su_conferencia_matutina_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Claudia_Sheinbaum_en_su_conferencia_matutina_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Claudia_Sheinbaum_en_su_conferencia_matutina_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Claudia_Sheinbaum_en_su_conferencia_matutina_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Claudia_Sheinbaum_en_su_conferencia_matutina_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2845" data-file-height="3790" /></a><figcaption>Mexican president <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a> in 2024</figcaption></figure> Mexican president <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a> had spoken to Trump before his inauguration to de-escalate his threats of tariffs. Trump said that Sheinbaum had agreed to "effectively closing" their shared border to avoid tariffs; Sheinbaum denied this, but said that "there will not be a potential tariff war".<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> After Trump signed executive orders imposing 25 percent tariffs, Sheinbaum said Mexico would implement tariff and non-tariff retaliatory measures against the United States.<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a> She said the retaliation was "in defense of Mexico's interests".<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a> Sheinbaum did not specify which U.S. goods Mexico's retaliation would target, though media reports claimed Mexico had been preparing possible retaliatory tariffs ranging from 5 percent to 20 percent on pork, cheese, produce, steel, and aluminum and that the automotive industry would initially be exempt.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Economy" title="Secretariat of Economy">Secretary of Economy</a> <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Ebrard" title="Marcelo Ebrard">Marcelo Ebrard</a> called Trump's tariffs a "flagrant violation" of the USMCA.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Sheinbaum also responded to Trump's claim that she has an alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_drug_war" title="Mexican drug war">Mexican drug cartels</a>, calling it "slander".<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a> At an event on February 1, she said Mexico would keep a "cool head" in proceeding with its retaliations, and she proposed establishing a task force with the U.S. to address Trump's issues with Mexico and said that "problems are not resolved by imposing tariffs".<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="One-month_delay">One-month delay</h3></div> On February 3, 2025, Sheinbaum and Trump mutually agreed to delay the tariffs on Mexico by one month.<a href="#cite_note-mxpause-55">[55]</a> Sheinbaum accepted sending 10,000 troops from the Mexican National Guard to their border to prevent drug trafficking. Trump said the U.S. had pledged to take measures to curb weapons trafficking to Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-mxpause-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The same morning, Trump spoke to Trudeau. During their call, he introduced concerns that Canada was not allowing U.S. banks to "open or do business there"; Canada allows American banks to operate commercially in the country but had restricted <a href="/wiki/Personal_banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal banking">personal banking</a> to protect its citizens from <a href="/wiki/Bank_failure" title="Bank failure">bank failure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In a second call that day, Trump and Trudeau negotiated a one-month tariff delay. Canada agreed to appoint a "fentanyl <a href="/wiki/Czar_(political_term)" title="Czar (political term)">czar</a>", list Mexican drug cartels as terrorists, and create an intelligence directive targeting fentanyl and organized crime supported by CA$200 million (US$140 million) in funding. Trudeau also said that Canada would implement its CA$1.3 billion (US$913 million) border program and establish a Canada–United States joint strike force to combat organized crime, fentanyl, and money laundering.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Trump then issued an updated executive order changing the start date of the tariffs to March 4 at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Time.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> On February 11, Canada appointed Kevin Brosseau, Trudeau's former deputy <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(Canada)" title="National Security Advisor (Canada)">national security advisor</a> and a former <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> senior, as the fentanyl czar.<a href="#cite_note-m174-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsequent_events">Subsequent events</h2></div> On February 10, 2025, Trump imposed 25 percent tariffs on steel and aluminum entering the United States from all countries, including Canada and Mexico, which provide most of the U.S.'s metal imports.<a href="#cite_note-:16-4">[4]</a> The steel and aluminum tariffs are set to enter force on March 12.<a href="#cite_note-:6-61">[61]</a> Trump said those tariffs were "the first of many", and that over the next four weeks, he would discuss tariffs on cars, pharmaceuticals, chips, and other goods with his team.<a href="#cite_note-:16-4">[4]</a> In response, Trudeau called the tariffs "unacceptable" and said he hoped talks with the Trump administration would resolve the issue, but that Canada will have a "firm and clear" response if needed.<a href="#cite_note-:6-61">[61]</a> Shares of U.S. steelmakers rose in response to Trump's order, while prices for steel and aluminum rose.<a href="#cite_note-:6-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Imposition_of_tariffs">Imposition of tariffs</h2></div> On March 3, Trump announced that the delayed tariffs for a month in February would take effect on March 4. He added that there was "no room left" for Canada or Mexico to negotiate a last-minute deal with the United States to delay them further.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-:21-63">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Howard_Lutnick" title="Howard Lutnick">Howard Lutnick</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">U.S. secretary of commerce</a>, said that both Canada and Mexico had made progress on improving border security but that both countries had not satisfied the U.S.'s demands to halt the flow of fentanyl into the United States.<a href="#cite_note-:21-63">[63]</a> Canadian foreign minister <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Joly" title="Mélanie Joly">Mélanie Joly</a> said that Canada was prepared to respond. Sheinbaum reaffirmed that Mexico's prior response plans would take effect when Trump imposed tariffs.<a href="#cite_note-:21-63">[63]</a> U.S. tariffs on Canada and Mexico began as scheduled, at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Time on March 4.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Canada's retaliation began simultaneously, with 25 percent tariffs on CA$30 billion (US$20.6 billion) of U.S. goods taking effect on March 4, while Trudeau affirmed that 25 percent tariffs on an additional CA$125 billion (US$86 billion) of U.S. goods would take effect 21 days later, on March 25.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Sheinbaum said that she would announce Mexico's countermeasures, including retaliatory tariffs, on March 9, citing plans to speak with Trump in the intervening days as the reason for her delayed response.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The onset of the tariffs led to stock market declines, especially for <a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">retailers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">car manufacturers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:23-67">[67]</a> In a news conference on March 4, Trudeau said that Trump sought to impose tariffs because he wished for "a total collapse of the Canadian economy" to "make it easier" for the U.S. to annex Canada.<a href="#cite_note-collapse-32">[32]</a> He called Trump's decision to impose tariffs "very dumb", and said Canada would "not back down from a fight".<a href="#cite_note-:23-67">[67]</a> On March 5, Lutnik said that Trump was "listening to the offers from Mexico and Canada" and "thinking about trying to do something in the middle", and that the tariffs could take effect at a less significant scale.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Later that day, Trump granted a one-month exception from the tariffs for automakers compliant with USMCA regulations, which represented about 85 percent of passenger vehicles imported to the U.S. from Mexico in 2024. Trump decided after meeting with executives from the three largest American automakers—<a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a>—who said that the tariffs would harm U.S. companies more than their foreign rivals.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> On March 6, after Trump held phone calls with both Trudeau and Sheinbaum, he said that all tariffs on USMCA-compliant goods from Mexico and Canada—which U.S. officials said accounted for 50 percent of imports from Mexico and 38 percent of imports from Canada—would be delayed until April 2.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In response, Canadian officials said that the planned increases in their retaliatory tariffs would be suspended, though the initial tariffs on the U.S. would remain in place.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> On March 7, Trump threatened reciprocal tariffs on Canada concerning dairy and lumber products. Trump stated the tariffs would be as high as about 250 percent and effective the following week after March 7. <a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stock_market">Stock market</h3></div> Trump's announcement on March 3, as well as the increase of tariffs on China from 10 percent to 20 percent set to take place the same day, caused the U.S. stock market to drop considerably: the <a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> index fell by 1.8 percent, while the <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq-100" title="Nasdaq-100">Nasdaq-100</a> index fell by 2.6 percent.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> By March 6, the S&P 500 had lost almost all of its gains since November 2024.<a href="#cite_note-economist_20250306-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prospective_economic_impact">Prospective economic impact</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maple_leaf_on_price_labels_-_20250301.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A shelf with jars of salsa in it with maple leaves on the price tags" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Maple_leaf_on_price_labels_-_20250301.jpg/220px-Maple_leaf_on_price_labels_-_20250301.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Maple_leaf_on_price_labels_-_20250301.jpg/330px-Maple_leaf_on_price_labels_-_20250301.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Maple_leaf_on_price_labels_-_20250301.jpg/440px-Maple_leaf_on_price_labels_-_20250301.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2029" /></a><figcaption>Price labels with the maple leaf on display to indicate Canadian goods</figcaption></figure> The trade war is expected to significantly disrupt trade between the United States, Mexico, and Canada and upend supply chains across North America.<a href="#cite_note-:62-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-25">[25]</a> Many economists have expressed skepticism over the effectiveness of Trump's strategy in imposing tariffs,<a href="#cite_note-:62-11">[11]</a> and many have said that increased tariffs would raise the prices of consumer goods in the U.S. and worsen the country's <a href="/wiki/Cost-of-living_crisis" title="Cost-of-living crisis">cost-of-living crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a> The Budget Lab at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> estimated that the tariffs would lead to a loss of about US$1,200 in <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power" title="Purchasing power">purchasing power</a> for the typical American household.<a href="#cite_note-:62-11">[11]</a> While some companies will opt to bear the cost of the tariff, others are likely to raise prices on consumer products to offset lost revenue or attempt to negotiate lower prices for their products.<a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[5]</a> Because the United States does not produce enough oil to satisfy its demand, 10 percent tariffs on Canadian oil and energy will likely lead to an increased oil price across the United States.<a href="#cite_note-:1-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-77">[77]</a> This is especially true in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>, a region heavily reliant on oil imported from Alberta.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[5]</a> The Canadian government had previously said that U.S. gas prices could increase by US$0.75 per gallon overnight if tariffs were imposed.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> Tariffs could also increase the cost of electricity in some U.S. states, especially those that rely on Canadian provinces like Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia for energy.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> Outside North America, tariffs on energy imports would give European and Asian <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refineries</a> a competitive advantage against their rivals.<a href="#cite_note-:7-37">[37]</a> The tariffs could also lead to price increases in various U.S. imports from Mexico and Canada, including fruits, vegetables, beer, liquor, and electronics from Mexico and potatoes, grains, lumber, and steel from Canada.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-77">[77]</a> Price increases would compound with <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_inflation_surge#United_States" title="2021–2023 inflation surge">high inflation in the U.S.</a>, especially in grocery prices.<a href="#cite_note-:8-77">[77]</a> The cost of Canadian lumber, used by many homebuilders in the U.S., would also likely increase.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> The tariffs would also cause risk to the U.S. farming and fishing industries.<a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[5]</a> The tariffs pose a risk of "severe recession" in Mexico if maintained.<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a> A year-long 25 percent tariff could cause Mexican exports to fall by around 12 percent, ultimately leading to a 4 percent decline in the country's <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> in 2025.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_Chamber_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="American Chamber of Commerce">American Chamber of Commerce</a> in Mexico, the group representing U.S. companies in the country, said tariffs would harm both economies and "fail to address the real challenges of security, migration and drug trafficking".<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Mexico" title="Automotive industry in Mexico">Mexican automobile industry</a> is likely to be most susceptible to upheaval from the tariffs, alongside the electric equipment sector.<a href="#cite_note-:62-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[5]</a> Canada, a highly trade-dependent economy, will also likely suffer, experiencing harmed economic growth and increased prices for businesses and consumers.<a href="#cite_note-:9-2">[2]</a> The Canadian economy could enter a recession within six months if the tariffs are maintained.<a href="#cite_note-:12-78">[78]</a> Quebec premier Legault said that the U.S. tariffs could cause the loss of as many as 100,000 Canadian jobs within the province.<a href="#cite_note-:11-46">[46]</a> Prices could also increase in Canada for even domestically produced products, especially if the tariffs cause economic difficulties for smaller businesses.<a href="#cite_note-:9-2">[2]</a> Canadian companies being unable to sell their products to Americans at the same volume would also cause some of them to cut workers, scale back, or even shut down entirely.<a href="#cite_note-:3-3">[3]</a> Canada's <a href="/wiki/Mineral_processing" title="Mineral processing">mineral processing</a> industry will likely be significantly harmed by the tariffs.<a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions_and_responses">Reactions and responses</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Tire_-_Canadian_Owned_and_Operated_-_20250306_-_01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The facade of a Canadian Tire with a banner reading "Canadian owned and operated" on a Canadian flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Canadian_Tire_-_Canadian_Owned_and_Operated_-_20250306_-_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Canadian_Tire_-_Canadian_Owned_and_Operated_-_20250306_-_01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Canadian_Tire_-_Canadian_Owned_and_Operated_-_20250306_-_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Canadian_Tire_-_Canadian_Owned_and_Operated_-_20250306_-_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Canadian_Tire_-_Canadian_Owned_and_Operated_-_20250306_-_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Canadian_Tire_-_Canadian_Owned_and_Operated_-_20250306_-_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4030" data-file-height="2534" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Tire" title="Canadian Tire">Canadian Tire</a> store in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> featuring a banner reading "Canadian owned and operated"</figcaption></figure> The United States tariffs and threats against Canada have harmed historically strong <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Canada–United States relations">Canada–U.S. relations</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:17-79">[79]</a> and caused increases in <a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationalism" title="Canadian nationalism">Canadian nationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_patriotism" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian patriotism">patriotism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:14-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-81">[81]</a> alongside an uptick in <a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Americanism in Canada">anti-Americanism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:17-79">[79]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Empty_LCBO_shelves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A shelf in a liquor store, it is empty except for the top shelf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Empty_LCBO_shelves.jpg/220px-Empty_LCBO_shelves.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Empty_LCBO_shelves.jpg/330px-Empty_LCBO_shelves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Empty_LCBO_shelves.jpg/440px-Empty_LCBO_shelves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A liquor store shelf in Ontario with all American products removed in March 2025</figcaption></figure> In February 2025, a poll by the <a href="/wiki/Angus_Reid_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Angus Reid Institute">Angus Reid Institute</a> found that 91 percent of Canadians expressed a desire to decrease Canada's reliance on the U.S. as a trade partner;<a href="#cite_note-:14-80">[80]</a> it also showed a 10 percentage-point increase in Canadians saying they are "very proud" of and "have a deep emotional attachment" to Canada compared to December 2024.<a href="#cite_note-:15-81">[81]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Ipsos" title="Ipsos">Ipsos</a> poll in February 2025 found that, after Trump's threats, 68 percent of Canadians thought less of the United States, while 65 percent said they would avoid traveling to the U.S. and 67 percent said they would avoid buying U.S.-made products.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> The same month, a <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ger_(company)" title="Léger (company)">Léger</a> poll found that 27 percent of Canadians considered the U.S. an "enemy", while only 1 percent of Americans thought the same of Canada.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In the days after the initial tariff announcements, Canadian crowds <a href="/wiki/Booing" title="Booing">booed</a> the <a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">U.S. national anthem</a> when it was played at games of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a>, as well as other sporting events featuring the U.S. across Canada.<a href="#cite_note-:12-78">[78]</a> Many Canadians <a href="/wiki/2025_Canadian_boycott_of_the_United_States" title="2025 Canadian boycott of the United States">began a boycott of American goods and of travel to the United States</a> and a "Buy Canadian" movement gained traction across the country.<a href="#cite_note-:17-79">[79]</a> Many Canadian politicians, including Trudeau and Poilievre, adopted the rhetoric of national unity, and the trade war and conflict with the U.S. created a <a href="/wiki/Rally_%27round_the_flag_effect" title="Rally 'round the flag effect">rally 'round the flag effect</a> in the lead-up to the <a href="/wiki/2025_Canadian_federal_election" title="2025 Canadian federal election">2025 Canadian federal election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:17-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In Mexico, both the government and local businesses undertook efforts to bolster a "Made in Mexico" campaign to promote domestic products.<a href="#cite_note-:22-86">[86]</a> Some Mexicans called for <a href="/wiki/Boycotts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boycotts">boycotts</a> of U.S. products after Trump's initial threat of tariffs,<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> and a poll by the Mexican firm Buendía & Márquez found that 80 percent of Mexicans held a negative opinion of Trump in mid-February 2025, an increase from 66 percent in early January.<a href="#cite_note-:22-86">[86]</a> In the United States, Trump's initial decision to impose tariffs on Canada and Mexico was criticized by <a href="/wiki/Editorial_board_at_The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="Editorial board at The Wall Street Journal">the editorial board</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>, which said that his "justification for this economic assault on the neighbors makes no sense" and that Trump had begun "the dumbest trade war in history".<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> A February 2025 survey by <a href="/wiki/The_Harris_Poll" title="The Harris Poll">The Harris Poll</a> for Bloomberg News found that around 60 percent of Americans believe that high tariffs could cause consumer prices to rise.<a href="#cite_note-Donnan_2025027-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> described Trump's tariffs as aggressive and erratic, and said that they would "cause lasting damage at home and abroad".<a href="#cite_note-economist_20250306-76">[76]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>, Trump's imposition of tariffs on Canada and Mexico violated both the USMCA and the rules of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>, of which all three countries are members.<a href="#cite_note-Becker_20250303-90">[90]</a> Trump's tariff policy in general raised questions about whether he has a serious intent to impose tariffs or whether his orders to impose them are threats intended only to serve as a negotiation tactic.<a href="#cite_note-:6-61">[61]</a> The imposition and rollback of tariffs created uncertainty for many businesses.<a href="#cite_note-Sherman_20250306-91">[91]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>—the executive branch of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>—condemned U.S. tariffs on Canada and Mexico, and called for the U.S. to "reconsider its approach".<a href="#cite_note-Gus_20250304-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2025_United_States_tariffs_against_the_European_Union" title="2025 United States tariffs against the European Union">2025 United States tariffs against the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93China_trade_war" title="Canada–China trade war">Canada–China trade war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Trump_tariffs" title="Second Trump tariffs">Second Trump tariffs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol 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.cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKitamura2024" class="citation report cs1">Kitamura, Kyla H. 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href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Companies of the United States">Companies of the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Economic history of the United States">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Economic history of the United States">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_School_(economics)" title="American School (economics)">American School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_System_(economic_plan)" title="American System (economic plan)">American System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution_in_the_United_States" title="Industrial Revolution in the United States">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Industry_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Industry in the United States">Industries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_States" title="Manufacturing in the United States">Industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Technological and industrial history of the United States">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaculture in the United States">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_transportation_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Air transportation in the United States">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_United_States" title="Beer in the United States">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biotechnology_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Biotechnology in the United States">Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cement_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Cement industry in the United States">Cement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Hawaii" title="Coffee production in Hawaii">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_production_in_the_United_States" title="Cotton production in the United States">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in the United States">Electric power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronics industry in the United States">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Fishing industry in the United States">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_the_United_States" title="Gambling in the United States">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hedge_fund_firms_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Hedge fund firms of the United States">Hedge fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the United States">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_States" title="Mining in the United States">Mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining_in_the_United_States" title="Gold mining in the United States">Gold mining</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pharmaceutical_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Pharmaceutical industry in the United States">Pharmaceuticals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pharmacies_in_the_United_States" title="Pharmacies in the United States">Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Publishing_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Publishing in the United States">Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Rail transportation in the United States">Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Real_estate_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Real estate in the United States">Real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Renewable energy in the United States">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_industry_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Steel industry in the United States">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the United States">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_United_States" title="Digital television in the United States">Digital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Textile_industry_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Textile industry of the United States">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">Video gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine of the United States">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Special_economic_zones_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Special economic zones of the United States">Special Economic Zones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment_zone" title="Empowerment zone">Empowerment Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_zone" title="Opportunity zone">Opportunity Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Employment_Area" title="Targeted Employment Area">Targeted Employment Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_trade_zones_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Foreign trade zones of the United States">Foreign Trade Zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metropolitan Statistical Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Energy in the United States">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal in the United States">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroleum industry in the United States">Oil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_shale_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Oil shale in the United States">Oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_refineries#United_States" title="List of oil refineries">Oil refineries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_United_States" title="Nuclear power in the United States">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Renewable energy in the United States">Renewable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_States" title="Wind power in the United States">Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_States" title="Solar power in the United States">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Geothermal power in the United States">Geothermal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_trade_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Foreign trade of the United States">Trade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Infrastructure_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Infrastructure in the United States">infrastructure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_United_States" title="Communications in the United States">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">Postal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shipping_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Shipping in the United States">Shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_the_United_States" title="Illegal drug trade in the United States">Illegal drug trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Foreign_Investment_in_the_United_States" title="Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States">Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ports_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ports of the United States">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_the_United_States" title="List of exports of the United States">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_the_United_States" title="List of the largest trading partners of the United States">Trading partners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law and regulations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">Tax system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_labor_law" title="United States labor law">Labor law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labor_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Child labor laws in the United States">Child labor laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-to-work_law" title="Right-to-work law">Right-to-work law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">Minimum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Food safety in the United States">Food safety</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Finance_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Finance in the United States">Finance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Banking_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Banking in the United States">banking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_services_in_the_United_States" title="Financial services in the United States">Financial services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_States" title="Banking in the United States">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_banking_in_the_United_States" title="History of banking in the United States">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of banks in the United States">Other banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> (<a href="/wiki/NYSE_Composite" title="NYSE Composite">NYSE Composite</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASDAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a> (<a href="/wiki/NASDAQ_Composite" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ Composite">NASDAQ Composite</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Board_of_Trade" title="Chicago Board of Trade">Chicago Board of Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Board_of_Trade" title="New York Board of Trade">New York Board of Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Exchange" title="Intercontinental Exchange">Intercontinental Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Accounting_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Accounting in the United States">Accounting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Economy of the United States">Government institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Department of the Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">Department of Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Office of the United States Trade Representative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Business_Administration" title="Small Business Administration">Small Business Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">National Labor Relations Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Trade_and_Development_Agency" title="United States Trade and Development Agency">United States Trade and Development Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">Customs and Border Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Comptroller_of_the_Currency" title="Office of the Comptroller of the Currency">Office of the Comptroller of the Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">Securities and Exchange Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Deposit_Insurance_Corporation" title="Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation">Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Credit_Union_Administration" title="National Credit Union Administration">National Credit Union Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_International_Trade_Commission" title="United States International Trade Commission">United States International Trade Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_statistical_system" title="Federal statistical system">Statistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_development_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Economic development in the United States">Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_the_United_States" title="International rankings of the United States">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_GDP" title="List of U.S. states and territories by GDP">States by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_welfare_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare in the United States">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_force_in_the_United_States" title="Labor force in the United States">Labor force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">Unemployment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Causes of unemployment in the United States">Causes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of U.S. states and territories by unemployment rate">State unemployment rate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_States" title="Corruption in the United States">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_the_United_States" title="Urbanization in the United States">Urbanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_United_States" title="Emigration from the United States">Emigration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._International_Development_Finance_Corporation" title="U.S. International Development Finance Corporation">U.S. International Development Finance Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Dot_Network" title="Blue Dot Network">Blue Dot Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_World" title="Build Back Better World">Build Back Better World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Export%E2%80%93Import_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="Export–Import Bank of the United States">Export–Import Bank of the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economic initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmeriCorps_VISTA" title="AmeriCorps VISTA">AmeriCorps VISTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_Corps" title="Job Corps">Job Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathways_out_of_Poverty" title="Pathways out of Poverty">Pathways out of Poverty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Economic history of the United States">Events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000s_United_States_housing_bubble" title="2000s United States housing bubble">2006–2012 housing bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932010_automotive_industry_crisis" title="2008–2010 automotive industry crisis">2008–2010 automotive industry crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Stimulus_Act_of_2008" title="Economic Stimulus Act of 2008">2008 economic stimulus plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy_in_the_United_States" title="Bankruptcy in the United States">Bankruptcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">Companies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_companies_in_the_United_States_by_revenue" title="List of largest companies in the United States by revenue">Largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Top 500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_the_United_States" title="State-owned enterprises of the United States">SOEs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute" title="American National Standards Institute">National Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCC_mark" title="FCC mark">FCC mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made_in_USA" title="Made in USA">Made in USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_Americans_by_net_worth" title="List of wealthiest Americans by net worth">List of Americans by net worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_economists" title="Category:American economists">American economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Economy of the United States">Category</a></dd> <dd><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Outline of the United States</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_North_America" title="Economy of North America">Economy of North America</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Canada&#124;link=Canada_Canada–United_States_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States603" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Template:Canada–United States relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Template talk:Canada–United States relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canada–United States relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Canada&#124;link=Canada_Canada–United_States_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States603" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Canada–United States relations">Canada–United States relations</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomatic posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Canada,_Washington,_D.C." title="Embassy of Canada, Washington, D.C.">Embassy of Canada, Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Canada_to_the_United_States" title="List of ambassadors of Canada to the United States">Ambassadors of Canada to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Uzbekistan,_Washington,_D.C." title="Embassy of Uzbekistan, Washington, D.C.">Former Residence of the Canadian Ambassador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Ottawa" title="Embassy of the United States, Ottawa">Embassy of the United States, Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Canada" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Canada">Ambassadors of the United States to Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lornado" title="Lornado">Lornado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consulate_General_of_Canada,_Boston" title="Consulate General of Canada, Boston">Consulate General of Canada, Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consulate_General_of_Canada,_Chicago" title="Consulate General of Canada, Chicago">Consulate General of Canada, Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Western_Hemisphere_Affairs" title="Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs">Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_visits_to_Canada" title="United States presidential visits to Canada">Diplomacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_New_York_(1796)" title="Treaty of New York (1796)">Treaty of New York (1796)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush%E2%80%93Bagot_Treaty" title="Rush–Bagot Treaty">Rush–Bagot Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian%E2%80%93American_Reciprocity_Treaty" title="Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty">Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boundary_Waters_Treaty_of_1909" title="Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909">Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migratory_Bird_Treaty" title="Migratory Bird Treaty">Migratory Bird Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halibut_Treaty" title="Halibut Treaty">Halibut Treaty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Pacific_Halibut_Commission" title="International Pacific Halibut Commission">International Pacific Halibut Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Quebec_Conference" title="First Quebec Conference">First Quebec Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Agreement" title="Quebec Agreement">Quebec Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Quebec_Conference" title="Second Quebec Conference">Second Quebec Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River_Treaty" title="Columbia River Treaty">Columbia River Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Merchant%E2%80%93Heeney_Report" title="The Merchant–Heeney Report">The Merchant–Heeney Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakwak_Agreement" title="Shakwak Agreement">Shakwak Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Charter" title="Great Lakes Charter">Great Lakes Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamrock_Summit" title="Shamrock Summit">Shamrock Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Canada_Air_Quality_Agreement" title="U.S.–Canada Air Quality Agreement">U.S.–Canada Air Quality Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_Concerning_the_Shipwrecked_Vessel_RMS_Titanic" title="Agreement Concerning the Shipwrecked Vessel RMS Titanic">Agreement Concerning the Shipwrecked Vessel RMS Titanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Border_Declaration" title="Smart Border Declaration">Smart Border Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_Safe_Third_Country_Agreement" title="Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement">Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes%E2%80%93Saint_Lawrence_River_Basin_Sustainable_Water_Resources_Agreement" title="Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement">Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston%E2%80%93Halifax_relations" title="Boston–Halifax relations">Boston–Halifax relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Canadian_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Canadian Relations">United States Senate Committee on Canadian Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Governors_and_Eastern_Canadian_Premiers%27_Annual_Conference" title="New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers' Annual Conference">New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers' Annual Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Governors_and_Eastern_Canadian_Premiers_Climate_Change_Action_Plan_2001" title="New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers Climate Change Action Plan 2001">Climate Change Action Plan 2001</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_response_to_Hurricane_Katrina" title="Canadian response to Hurricane Katrina">Canadian response to Hurricane Katrina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadaville,_Louisiana" title="Canadaville, Louisiana">Canadaville, Louisiana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">Cuban thaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean_Conference" title="Arctic Ocean Conference">Arctic Ocean Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Council" title="Arctic Council">Arctic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Economic_Council" title="Arctic Economic Council">Arctic Economic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Act" title="Quebec Act">Quebec Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_affair" title="Caroline affair">Caroline affair</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A8res_chasseurs" title="Frères chasseurs">Frères chasseurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunters%27_Lodges" title="Hunters' Lodges">Hunters' Lodges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Windsor" title="Battle of Windsor">Battle of Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_raids" title="Fenian raids">Fenian raids</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Hills_Massacre" title="Cypress Hills Massacre">Cypress Hills Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitting_Bull" title="Sitting Bull">Sitting Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louie_Sam" title="Louie Sam">Louie Sam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_re_Ross" title="In re Ross">In re Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_Smelter_dispute" title="Trail Smelter dispute">Trail Smelter dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Scheme_No._1" title="Defence Scheme No. 1">Defence Scheme No. 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Douglas_C-54D_disappearance" title="1950 Douglas C-54D disappearance">1950 Douglas C-54D disappearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_British_Columbia_B-36_crash" title="1950 British Columbia B-36 crash">1950 British Columbia B-36 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Rivi%C3%A8re-du-Loup_B-50_nuclear_weapon_loss_incident" title="1950 Rivière-du-Loup B-50 nuclear weapon loss incident">1950 Rivière-du-Loup B-50 nuclear weapon loss incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_Six" title="Symphony Six">Symphony Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_activities_in_Canada" title="CIA activities in Canada">CIA activities in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_aircraft_bombing" title="Edmonton aircraft bombing">Edmonton aircraft bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canuck_letter" title="Canuck letter">Canuck letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Refuge_drilling_controversy" title="Arctic Refuge drilling controversy">Arctic Refuge drilling controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Sidney_Jaffe" title="Kidnapping of Sidney Jaffe">Kidnapping of Sidney Jaffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shootings_of_Alfred_and_Rosemary_Podgis" title="Shootings of Alfred and Rosemary Podgis">Shootings of Alfred and Rosemary Podgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Montreal_bombing" title="1984 Montreal bombing">1984 Montreal bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Air_Flight_1285R" title="Arrow Air Flight 1285R">Arrow Air Flight 1285R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_Re_Ng_Extradition" title="Reference Re Ng Extradition">Reference Re Ng Extradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Salmon_War" title="Pacific Salmon War">Pacific Salmon War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v_Burns" title="United States v Burns">United States v Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_v_MNR" title="Mitchell v MNR">Mitchell v MNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Flight_085" title="Korean Air Flight 085">Korean Air Flight 085</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarnak_Farm_incident" title="Tarnak Farm incident">Tarnak Farm incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_detainees_at_Guantanamo_Bay" title="Canadian detainees at Guantanamo Bay">Canadian Guantanamo Bay detainees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_blackout_of_2003" title="Northeast blackout of 2003">Northeast blackout of 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arar_v._Ashcroft" title="Arar v. Ashcroft">Arar v. Ashcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_Pipeline" title="Keystone Pipeline">Keystone Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havana_syndrome" title="Havana syndrome">Havana syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extradition_case_of_Meng_Wanzhou" title="Extradition case of Meng Wanzhou">Extradition case of Meng Wanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_convoy_protest" title="Canada convoy protest">Canada convoy protest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Canada_convoy_protest" title="Timeline of the Canada convoy protest">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Yukon_high-altitude_object" title="2023 Yukon high-altitude object">2023 Yukon high-altitude object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Lake_Huron_high-altitude_object" title="2023 Lake Huron high-altitude object">2023 Lake Huron high-altitude object</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Military relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Canadian_Regiment" title="2nd Canadian Regiment">2nd Canadian Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Caper" title="Canadian Caper">Canadian Caper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_Iraq_War" title="Canada and the Iraq War">Canada and the Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_resisters_in_Canada" title="Iraq War resisters in Canada">Iraq War resisters in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hinzman" title="Jeremy Hinzman">Jeremy Hinzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_Rivera" title="Kimberly Rivera">Kimberly Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Resisters_Support_Campaign" title="War Resisters Support Campaign">War Resisters Support Campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_Vietnam_War" title="Canada and the Vietnam War">Canada and the Vietnam War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War_resisters_in_Canada" title="Vietnam War resisters in Canada">Vietnam War resisters in Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_activities_in_Canada" title="CIA activities in Canada">CIA activities in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Scheme_No._2" title="Defence Scheme No. 2">Defence Scheme No. 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Special_Service_Force" title="First Special Service Force">First Special Service Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Eyes" title="Five Eyes">Five Eyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UKUSA_Agreement" title="UKUSA Agreement">UKUSA Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II_Canadian_procurement" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement">Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Canada_Line" title="Mid-Canada Line">Mid-Canada Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Laboratory" title="Montreal Laboratory">Montreal Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORAD" title="NORAD">North American Aerospace Defense Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distant_Early_Warning_Line" title="Distant Early Warning Line">Distant Early Warning Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Warning_System" title="North Warning System">North Warning System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_NORAD_Region" title="Continental NORAD Region">Continental NORAD Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Noble_Eagle" title="Operation Noble Eagle">Operation Noble Eagle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Yellow_Ribbon" title="Operation Yellow Ribbon">Operation Yellow Ribbon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inland_Seas" title="Operation Inland Seas">Operation Inland Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Joint_Board_on_Defense" title="Permanent Joint Board on Defense">Permanent Joint Board on Defense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogdensburg_Agreement" title="Ogdensburg Agreement">Ogdensburg Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinetree_Line" title="Pinetree Line">Pinetree Line</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_HARP" title="Project HARP">Project HARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Plan_Red" title="War Plan Red">War Plan Red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_trade_relations" title="Canada–United States trade relations">Economic relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Canadian_and_American_economies" title="Comparison of Canadian and American economies">Comparison of Canadian and American economies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Canada" title="Exclusive economic zone of Canada">Exclusive economic zone of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_the_United_States" title="Exclusive economic zone of the United States">Exclusive economic zone of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_plant_economy" title="Branch plant economy">Branch plant economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_integration" title="Deep integration">Deep integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_ownership_of_companies_of_Canada" title="Foreign ownership of companies of Canada">Foreign ownership of companies of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocity_(Canadian_politics)" title="Reciprocity (Canadian politics)">Reciprocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_Automotive_Products_Agreement" title="Canada–United States Automotive Products Agreement">Canada–United States Automotive Products Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Option" title="Third Option">Third Option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macdonald_Commission" title="Macdonald Commission">Macdonald Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_softwood_lumber_dispute" title="Canada–United States softwood lumber dispute">Canada–United States softwood lumber dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement">Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Cattle_Project" title="Northwest Cattle Project">Northwest Cattle Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_Consultative_Committee_on_Agriculture" title="Canada–United States Consultative Committee on Agriculture">Canada–United States Consultative Committee on Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_country-of-origin_labeling_(US)" title="Mandatory country-of-origin labeling (US)">Mandatory country-of-origin labeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_Cooperation_Council" title="Regulatory Cooperation Council">Regulatory Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FATCA_agreement_between_Canada_and_the_United_States" title="FATCA agreement between Canada and the United States">FATCA agreement between Canada and the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSeries_dumping_petition_by_Boeing" title="CSeries dumping petition by Boeing">CSeries dumping petition by Boeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska-Alberta_Railway_Development_Corporation" title="Alaska-Alberta Railway Development Corporation">Alaska-Alberta Railway Development Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fuel_Tax_Agreement" title="International Fuel Tax Agreement">International Fuel Tax Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_SuperCorridor_Coalition" title="North American SuperCorridor Coalition">North American SuperCorridor Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_Economic_Region" title="Pacific Northwest Economic Region">Pacific Northwest Economic Region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Border</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border_crossings" title="List of Canada–United States border crossings">Border crossings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_Canada_by_land" title="American entry into Canada by land">American entry into Canada by land</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_disputed_by_Canada_and_the_United_States" title="List of areas disputed by Canada and the United States">Areas disputed by Canada and the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1985_Polar_Sea_controversy" title="1985 Polar Sea controversy">1985 Polar Sea controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_boundary_dispute" title="Alaska boundary dispute">Alaska boundary dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_Sea" title="Beaufort Sea">Beaufort Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea_Arbitration" title="Bering Sea Arbitration">Bering Sea Arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Muzon" title="Cape Muzon">Cape Muzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caribou" title="Battle of Caribou">Battle of Caribou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixon_Entrance" title="Dixon Entrance">Dixon Entrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Indian_Stream" title="Republic of Indian Stream">Republic of Indian Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machias_Seal_Island" title="Machias Seal Island">Machias Seal Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Rock" title="North Rock">North Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_boundary_dispute" title="Oregon boundary dispute">Oregon boundary dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearse_Island" title="Pearse Island">Pearse Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_War_(1859)" title="Pig War (1859)">Pig War (1859)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix_Island,_Maine" title="Saint Croix Island, Maine">Saint Croix Island, Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Juan_de_Fuca" title="Strait of Juan de Fuca">Strait of Juan de Fuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Island_(Michigan)" title="Sugar Island (Michigan)">Sugar Island (Michigan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Island_(British_Columbia)" title="Wales Island (British Columbia)">Wales Island (British Columbia)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_the_Arctic" title="Territorial claims in the Arctic">Territorial claims in the Arctic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Canada–United States relations">History of Canada–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Canadian_sentiment" title="Anti-Canadian sentiment">Anti-Canadian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_immigration_to_Canada" title="American immigration to Canada">American immigration to Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Loyalists" title="Expulsion of the Loyalists">Expulsion of the Loyalists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Canada_(term)" title="Little Canada (term)">Little Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowbird_(person)" title="Snowbird (person)">Snowbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_sports_rivalries" title="Canada–United States sports rivalries">Canada–United States sports rivalries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_junior_ice_hockey_rivalry" title="Canada–United States junior ice hockey rivalry">Junior ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_women%27s_national_ice_hockey_rivalry" title="Canada–United States women's national ice hockey rivalry">Women's ice hockey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_healthcare_systems_in_Canada_and_the_United_States" title="Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States">Comparison of healthcare systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_lunar_sample_displays" title="Canada lunar sample displays">Canada lunar sample displays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Society_of_New_York" title="Canadian Society of New York">Canadian Society of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CANUSA_Games" title="CANUSA Games">CANUSA Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_North" title="Hollywood North">Hollywood North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_Match" title="Maple Match">Maple Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_state" title="51st state">51st state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Movements_for_the_annexation_of_Canada_to_the_United_States" title="Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States">Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Annexation_Manifesto" title="Montreal Annexation Manifesto">Montreal Annexation Manifesto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_Bill_of_1866" title="Annexation Bill of 1866">Annexation Bill of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascadia_(independence_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascadia (independence movement)">Cascadia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doug_flag" title="Doug flag">Doug flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_51" title="Parti 51">Parti 51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionest_Party" title="Unionest Party">Unionest Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continentalism" title="Continentalism">Continentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Stikine" title="Fort Stikine">Fort Stikine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey%E2%80%93Milliken_Bill" title="Godfrey–Milliken Bill">Godfrey–Milliken Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Invasion of Quebec (1775)">Invasion of Quebec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Arnold%27s_expedition_to_Quebec" title="Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec">Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letters_to_the_inhabitants_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Letters to the inhabitants of Canada">Letters to the inhabitants of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_barrier_state" title="Indian barrier state">Indian barrier state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763" title="Royal Proclamation of 1763">Royal Proclamation of 1763</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reserve_(1763)" title="Indian Reserve (1763)">Indian Reserve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aroostook_War" title="Aroostook War">Aroostook War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Road" title="Halifax Road">Halifax Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster%E2%80%93Ashburton_Treaty" title="Webster–Ashburton Treaty">Webster–Ashburton Treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Fishery_Commission" title="Great Lakes Fishery Commission">Great Lakes Fishery Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Areas_of_Concern" title="Great Lakes Areas of Concern">Great Lakes Areas of Concern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Fisheries_Commission" title="Halifax Fisheries Commission">Halifax Fisheries Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Salmon_Commission" title="Pacific Salmon Commission">Pacific Salmon Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pugets_Sound_Agricultural_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Pugets Sound Agricultural Company">Pugets Sound Agricultural Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum-running_in_Windsor,_Ontario" title="Rum-running in Windsor, Ontario">Rum-running in Windsor, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_passport_card" title="United States passport card">United States passport card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Climate_Initiative" title="Western Climate Initiative">Western Climate Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere_Travel_Initiative" title="Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative">Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor%E2%80%93Detroit_International_Freedom_Festival" title="Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival">Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champlain_Hudson_Power_Express" title="Champlain Hudson Power Express">Champlain Hudson Power Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recycling_and_Northern_Development_Canal" title="Great Recycling and Northern Development Canal">Great Recycling and Northern Development Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Champlain_Seaway" title="Lake Champlain Seaway">Lake Champlain Seaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Control_Dam" title="International Control Dam">International Control Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Water_and_Power_Alliance" title="North American Water and Power Alliance">North American Water and Power Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Area_Water_Supply" title="Northwest Area Water Supply">Northwest Area Water Supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Seaway" title="St. Lawrence Seaway">St. Lawrence Seaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumas_2" title="Sumas 2">Sumas 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_gas_pipeline" title="Alaska gas pipeline">Alaska gas pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberta_Clipper_pipeline" title="Alberta Clipper pipeline">Alberta Clipper pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Pipeline" title="Alliance Pipeline">Alliance Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Pipeline" title="Brunswick Pipeline">Brunswick Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Transmission_Northwest" title="Gas Transmission Northwest">Gas Transmission Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Transmission" title="Great Lakes Transmission">Great Lakes Transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_Pipeline" title="Iroquois Pipeline">Iroquois Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritimes_%26_Northeast_Pipeline" title="Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline">Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Border_Pipeline" title="Northern Border Pipeline">Northern Border Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Pipeline" title="Northwest Pipeline">Northwest Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland%E2%80%93Montreal_pipeline" title="Portland–Montreal pipeline">Portland–Montreal pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_Pipeline" title="Vector Pipeline">Vector Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_the_Arctic" title="Territorial claims in the Arctic">Territorial claims in the Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_substitution" title="Simultaneous substitution">Simultaneous substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_stations_available_in_the_United_States" title="List of Canadian television stations available in the United States">Canadian television stations available in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foreign_television_channels_available_in_Canada" title="List of foreign television channels available in Canada">Foreign television channels available in Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_television_stations_available_in_Canada" title="List of United States television stations available in Canada">United States television stations available in Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_to_Americans" title="Talking to Americans">Talking to Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lament_for_a_Nation" title="Lament for a Nation">Lament for a Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fight_for_Canada" title="The Fight for Canada">The Fight for Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Category:Canada–United States relations">Category:Canada–United States relations</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Mexico&#124;link=Mexico_Mexico–United_States_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States453" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Template:Mexico–United States relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Template talk:Mexico–United States relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mexico–United States relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Mexico&#124;link=Mexico_Mexico–United_States_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States453" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Mexico–United States relations">Mexico–United States relations</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomatic posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Mexico,_Washington,_D.C." title="Embassy of Mexico, Washington, D.C.">Embassy of Mexico, Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Mexico_to_the_United_States" title="List of ambassadors of Mexico to the United States">Ambassadors of Mexico to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Mexico_City" title="Embassy of the United States, Mexico City">Embassy of the United States, Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Mexico" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Mexico">Ambassadors of the United States to Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consulate_General_of_Mexico,_Dallas" class="mw-redirect" title="Consulate General of Mexico, Dallas">Consulate General of Mexico, Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Mission_of_Mexico_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent Mission of Mexico to the United Nations">Permanent Mission of Mexico to the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Mission_of_Mexico_to_the_Organization_of_American_States" title="Permanent Mission of Mexico to the Organization of American States">Permanent Mission of Mexico to the Organization of American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Western_Hemisphere_Affairs" title="Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs">Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Limits_(Mexico%E2%80%93United_States)" title="Treaty of Limits (Mexico–United States)">Treaty of Limits (Mexico–United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLane%E2%80%93Ocampo_Treaty" title="McLane–Ocampo Treaty">McLane–Ocampo Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission" title="International Boundary and Water Commission">International Boundary and Water Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Boundary_Wastewater_Treatment_Plant" title="International Boundary Wastewater Treatment Plant">International Boundary Wastewater Treatment Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_dispute" title="Colorado River dispute">Colorado River dispute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Convention_of_1905" title="Banco Convention of 1905">Banco Convention of 1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_la_Huerta%E2%80%93Lamont_Treaty" title="De la Huerta–Lamont Treaty">De la Huerta–Lamont Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saavedra_Lamas_Treaty" title="Saavedra Lamas Treaty">Saavedra Lamas Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Neighbor_policy" title="Good Neighbor policy">Good Neighbor policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico_Convention_relating_to_the_Final_Adjustment_of_Certain_Unsettled_Claims" title="United States–Mexico Convention relating to the Final Adjustment of Certain Unsettled Claims">United States–Mexico Convention relating to the Final Adjustment of Certain Unsettled Claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracero_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracero program">Bracero program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bracero_Selection_Process" title="Bracero Selection Process">Bracero Selection Process</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boundary_Treaty_of_1970" title="Boundary Treaty of 1970">Boundary Treaty of 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Governors_Conference" title="Border Governors Conference">Border Governors Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Protection_of_Commerce_and_Investments_from_Foreign_Policies_that_Contravene_International_Law" title="Law of Protection of Commerce and Investments from Foreign Policies that Contravene International Law">Law of Protection of Commerce and Investments from Foreign Policies that Contravene International Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_response_to_Hurricane_Katrina" title="Mexican response to Hurricane Katrina">Mexican response to Hurricane Katrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_visits_to_Mexico" title="United States presidential visits to Mexico">United States presidential visits to Mexico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_upon_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="United States declaration of war upon Mexico">United States declaration of war upon Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Mexico_City" title="Battle for Mexico City">Battle for Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spot_Resolutions" title="Spot Resolutions">Spot Resolutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Velasco" title="Treaties of Velasco">Treaties of Velasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cahuenga" title="Treaty of Cahuenga">Treaty of Cahuenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">Mexican Cession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botiller_v._Dominguez" title="Botiller v. Dominguez">Botiller v. Dominguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconquista_(Mexico)" title="Reconquista (Mexico)">Reconquista (Mexico)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_Mexican_Boundary_Commission" title="United States and Mexican Boundary Commission">United States and Mexican Boundary Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_Mexican_Boundary_Survey" title="United States and Mexican Boundary Survey">United States and Mexican Boundary Survey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_affair" title="Crawford affair">Crawford affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_the_Mexican_Revolution" title="United States involvement in the Mexican Revolution">United States involvement in the Mexican Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_Wars" title="Banana Wars">Banana Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Border_War_(1910%E2%80%931919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Border War (1910–1919)">Mexican Border War (1910–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampico_Affair" title="Tampico Affair">Tampico Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Veracruz" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of Veracruz">United States occupation of Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ypiranga_incident" title="Ypiranga incident">Ypiranga incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa_Expedition" title="Pancho Villa Expedition">Pancho Villa Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_la_Huerta%E2%80%93Lamont_Treaty" title="De la Huerta–Lamont Treaty">De la Huerta–Lamont Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucareli_Treaty" title="Bucareli Treaty">Bucareli Treaty</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamizal_dispute" title="Chamizal dispute">Chamizal dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Cart_War" title="Texas Cart War">Texas Cart War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortina_Troubles" title="Cortina Troubles">Cortina Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Repatriation" title="Mexican Repatriation">Mexican Repatriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wetback" title="Operation Wetback">Operation Wetback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_v._Mendoza-Martinez" title="Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez">Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna-Dolphin_GATT_Case_(I_and_II)" title="Tuna-Dolphin GATT Case (I and II)">Tuna-Dolphin GATT Case (I and II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Brignoni-Ponce" title="United States v. Brignoni-Ponce">United States v. Brignoni-Ponce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiki_Camarena" title="Kiki Camarena">Kiki Camarena</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sosa_v._Alvarez-Machain" title="Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain">Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Mark_Kilroy" title="Murder of Mark Kilroy">Murder of Mark Kilroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Verdugo-Urquidez" title="United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez">United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Alvarez-Machain" title="United States v. Alvarez-Machain">United States v. Alvarez-Machain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunique_v._Powell" title="Eunique v. Powell">Eunique v. Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Matamoros_standoff" title="1999 Matamoros standoff">1999 Matamoros standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avena_case" title="Avena case">Avena case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gunrunner" title="Project Gunrunner">Project Gunrunner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATF_gunwalking_scandal" title="ATF gunwalking scandal">ATF gunwalking scandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-dumping_measures_on_stainless_steel_from_Mexico" title="Anti-dumping measures on stainless steel from Mexico">Stainless Steel Sheets and Coils dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lopez_v._Gonzales" title="Lopez v. Gonzales">Lopez v. Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Medell%C3%ADn" title="José Medellín">José Medellín</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn_v._Texas" title="Medellín v. Texas">Medellín v. Texas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humberto_Leal_Garcia" title="Humberto Leal Garcia">Humberto Leal Garcia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leal_Garcia_v._Texas" title="Leal Garcia v. Texas">Leal Garcia v. Texas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Zapata" title="Jaime Zapata">Jaime Zapata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Matamoros_mass_kidnapping" title="2011 Matamoros mass kidnapping">2011 Matamoros mass kidnapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Jos%C3%A9_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Shooting of José Rodríguez">Shooting of José Rodríguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_sugarcane_trade_dispute" title="Mexico–United States sugarcane trade dispute">Mexico–United States sugarcane trade dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_Air_Conditioner_move_to_Mexico" title="Carrier Air Conditioner move to Mexico">Carrier Air Conditioner move to Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13767" title="Executive Order 13767">Executive Order 13767</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_migrant_caravans" title="Central American migrant caravans">Central American migrant caravans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernandez_v._Mesa" title="Hernandez v. Mesa">Hernandez v. Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Claudia_G%C3%B3mez_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Killing of Claudia Gómez González">Killing of Claudia Gómez González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_El_Paso_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 El Paso shooting">2019 El Paso shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_San_Antonio_migrant_deaths" title="2022 San Antonio migrant deaths">2022 San Antonio migrant deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Matamoros_kidnappings" title="2023 Matamoros kidnappings">2023 Matamoros kidnappings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Scott_Key_Bridge_collapse" title="Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse">Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Military relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_intervention_in_Mexico" title="Second French intervention in Mexico">Second French intervention in Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mexico_City" title="Siege of Mexico City">Siege of Mexico City</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_drug_war" title="Mexican drug war">Mexican drug war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida_Initiative" title="Mérida Initiative">Mérida Initiative</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="History of Mexico–United States relations">History of Mexico–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico–United States barrier">Mexico–United States barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration to the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gatekeeper" title="Operation Gatekeeper">Operation Gatekeeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Mexico–United States border crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minuteman_Project" title="Minuteman Project">Minuteman Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minuteman_Salsa" title="Minuteman Salsa">Minuteman Salsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_Rescue" title="Ranch Rescue">Ranch Rescue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Fence_Act_of_2006" title="Secure Fence Act of 2006">Secure Fence Act of 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jump_Start" title="Operation Jump Start">Operation Jump Start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Emergency_Concerning_the_Southern_Border_of_the_United_States" title="National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States">National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_border_disputes" title="Rio Grande border disputes">Rio Grande border disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_conflicts_on_the_Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_barrier" title="Indigenous conflicts on the Mexico–United States barrier">Indigenous conflicts on the Mexico–United States barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_along_the_Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues along the Mexico–United States border">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrant_deaths_along_the_Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Migrant deaths along the Mexico–United States border">Migrant deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Environment_Cooperation_Commission" title="Border Environment Cooperation Commission">Border Environment Cooperation Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_Activism_At_The_Border" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence and Activism At The Border">Violence and Activism At The Border</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_soccer_rivalry" title="Mexico–United States soccer rivalry">Mexico–United States soccer rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Puerto_Rico_boxing_rivalry" title="Mexico–Puerto Rico boxing rivalry">Mexico–Puerto Rico boxing rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Republic_of_Texas_relations" title="Mexico–Republic of Texas relations">Mexico–Republic of Texas relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_extradition_relations_with_Mexico" title="United States extradition relations with Mexico">United States extradition relations with Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agua_Prieta_pipeline" title="Agua Prieta pipeline">Agua Prieta pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Baja_Pipeline" title="North Baja Pipeline">North Baja Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American-Mexican_Claims_Commission" title="American-Mexican Claims Commission">American-Mexican Claims Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Antorcha_de_la_Amistad" title="La Antorcha de la Amistad">La Antorcha de la Amistad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiapas_Media_Project" title="Chiapas Media Project">Chiapas Media Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directo_a_M%C3%A9xico" title="Directo a México">Directo a México</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Mexico" title="Exclusive economic zone of Mexico">Exclusive economic zone of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_the_United_States" title="Exclusive economic zone of the United States">Exclusive economic zone of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filibuster_(military)" title="Filibuster (military)">Filibuster (military)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_international_park" title="Mexico–United States international park">Mexico–United States international park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Development_Bank" title="North American Development Bank">North American Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere_Travel_Initiative" title="Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative">Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Virginia_Colony" title="New Virginia Colony">New Virginia Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifest_destiny" title="Manifest destiny">Manifest destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maquiladora" title="Maquiladora">Maquiladora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-tier_Mexican_sugar" title="Second-tier Mexican sugar">Second-tier Mexican sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%B1orita_M%C3%A9xico_U.S." title="Señorita México U.S.">Señorita México U.S.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Category:Mexico–United States relations">Category:Mexico–United States relations</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump_(2025–present)467" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Template:Second presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Template talk:Second presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Second presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump_(2025–present)467" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">Second presidency of Donald Trump</a> (2025–present)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Previous: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden administration</a></li> <li>See also: <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">First Trump administration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_second_Trump_administration" title="Political appointments of the second Trump administration">Appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_nominated_by_Donald_Trump_(2025%E2%80%93present)" title="List of ambassadors nominated by Donald Trump (2025–present)">ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump_in_the_second_term" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump in the second term">attorneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump_in_the_second_term" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump in the second term">judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second cabinet of Donald Trump">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive orders in the second presidency of Donald Trump">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump_as_president" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump as president">Legal affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_cases_related_to_Donald_Trump%27s_second_presidential_term" title="Court cases related to Donald Trump's second presidential term">court cases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_second_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the second Donald Trump administration">Opinion polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">Pardons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants" title="Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants">January 6 defendants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_(2025)" title="List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2025)">Proclamations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump">Trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2025)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2025)">2025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump">international</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Marco_Rubio_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Marco Rubio as United States Secretary of State">Marco Rubio</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_second_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="First 100 days of the second Donald Trump presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li>2025 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_second_presidency_(2025_Q1)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's second presidency (2025 Q1)">Q1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2025_JD_Vance_speech_at_the_Munich_Security_Conference" title="2025 JD Vance speech at the Munich Security Conference">Munich Security Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Donald_Trump_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="2025 Donald Trump speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint address to Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second inauguration of Donald Trump">Inauguration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Policies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_14151" title="Executive Order 14151">DEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency" title="Department of Government Efficiency">Department of Government Efficiency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2025_US_federal_deferred_resignation_program" title="2025 US federal deferred resignation program">deferred resignation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_mass_layoffs" title="2025 United States federal mass layoffs">mass layoffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_government_targets_of_Elon_Musk" title="United States federal government targets of Elon Musk">targets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">USAID</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_dismissals_of_inspectors_general" title="2025 dismissals of inspectors general">Dismissals of inspectors general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_government_grant_pause" title="2025 United States federal government grant pause">Federal funding freeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_hiring_freeze" title="2025 United States federal hiring freeze">Federal hiring freeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_14172" title="Executive Order 14172">Gulf of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA_under_the_second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="NOAA under the second presidency of Donald Trump">NOAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Office_of_Shipbuilding" title="United States Office of Shipbuilding">Office of Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_United_States_government_online_resource_removals" title="2025 United States government online resource removals">Online resource removals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_14168" title="Executive Order 14168">Transgender people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Faith_Office" title="White House Faith Office">White House Faith Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stargate_LLC" title="Stargate LLC">Stargate Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Trump_tariffs" title="Second Trump tariffs">Tariffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China trade war</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canada and Mexico trade war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_United_States_tariffs_against_the_European_Union" title="2025 United States tariffs against the European Union">European Union tariffs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_second_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the second Donald Trump administration">Foreign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_expansionism_under_Donald_Trump" title="American expansionism under Donald Trump">Expansionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Movements_for_the_annexation_of_Canada_to_the_United_States" title="Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_American_ownership_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Potential American ownership of the Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a 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Ukraine">peace talks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_14155" title="Executive Order 14155">Withdrawal from WHO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_second_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Immigration policy of the second Donald Trump administration">Immigration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_illegal_immigrants_in_the_second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Deportation of illegal immigrants in the second presidency of Donald Trump">Deportation of illegal immigrants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laken_Riley_Act" title="Laken Riley Act">Laken Riley Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Nungaray_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Jocelyn Nungaray National Wildlife Refuge">Jocelyn Nungaray National Wildlife Refuge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against the second presidency of Donald Trump">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/50501" title="50501">50501</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/50501_protests" title="50501 protests">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_United_States_protests_against_mass_deportation" title="2025 United States protests against mass deportation">Anti-deportation protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Canadian_boycott_of_the_United_States" title="2025 Canadian boycott of the United States">Canadian boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_Without_Immigrants_(2025)" title="Day Without Immigrants (2025)">Day Without Immigrants</a></li> <li><a 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Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">Kennedy Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_2025" title="Project 2025">Project 2025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Category:Second presidency of Donald Trump">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Justin_Trudeau440" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Justin_Trudeau" title="Template:Justin Trudeau"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Justin_Trudeau" title="Template talk:Justin Trudeau"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Justin_Trudeau" title="Premiership of Justin Trudeau">Premiership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/29th_Canadian_Ministry" title="29th Canadian Ministry">29th Canadian Ministry</a></li> <li>Parliaments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="42nd Canadian Parliament">42nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43rd_Canadian_Parliament" title="43rd Canadian Parliament">43rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Canadian_Parliament" title="44th Canadian Parliament">44th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_Justin_Trudeau_government" title="Domestic policy of the Justin Trudeau government">Domestic policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Dental_Care_Plan" title="Canadian Dental Care Plan">Canadian Dental Care Plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Justin_Trudeau_government" title="Foreign policy of the Justin Trudeau government">Foreign policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Justin_Trudeau" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Justin Trudeau">international trips</a></li></ul></li> <li>Budgets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2016 Canadian federal budget">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2017 Canadian federal budget">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2018 Canadian federal budget">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2019 Canadian federal budget">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2021 Canadian federal budget">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2022 Canadian federal budget">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2023 Canadian federal budget">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2024 Canadian federal budget">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Youth_Council" title="Prime Minister's Youth Council">Prime Minister's Youth Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Philippines_waste_dispute" title="Canada–Philippines waste dispute">Canada–Philippines waste dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trudeau_cash-for-access_scandal" title="Trudeau cash-for-access scandal">Trudeau cash-for-access scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_and_Trade_Agreement" title="Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement">Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_affair" title="Aga Khan affair">Aga Khan affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaspal_Atwal" title="Jaspal Atwal">Jaspal Atwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_G7_summit" title="44th G7 summit">44th G7 summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbowgate" title="Elbowgate">Elbowgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Spirit_Pipeline" title="Eagle Spirit Pipeline">Eagle Spirit Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_Mountain_pipeline" title="Trans Mountain pipeline">Trans Mountain pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNC-Lavalin_affair" title="SNC-Lavalin affair">SNC-Lavalin affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WE_Charity_scandal" title="WE Charity scandal">WE Charity scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_government_interference_in_the_2019_and_2021_Canadian_federal_elections" title="Chinese government interference in the 2019 and 2021 Canadian federal elections">Chinese government interference in the 2019 and 2021 Canadian federal elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">COVID-19 pandemic in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_convoy_protest" title="Canada convoy protest">Canada convoy protest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Canada_convoy_protest" title="Timeline of the Canada convoy protest">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergencies_Act" title="Emergencies Act">Emergencies Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Rideau_Hall_workplace_review" title="2020–2021 Rideau Hall workplace review">2020–2021 Rideau Hall workplace review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ukraine_authorization_for_emergency_travel" title="Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel">Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_economic_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Canadian economic crisis (2022–present)">Canadian economic crisis (2022–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Yukon_high-altitude_object" title="2023 Yukon high-altitude object">2023 Yukon high-altitude object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Canadian_federal_worker_strike" title="2023 Canadian federal worker strike">2023 Canadian federal worker strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Hunka_scandal" title="Yaroslav Hunka scandal">Yaroslav Hunka scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Canada_railway_dispute" title="2024 Canada railway dispute">2024 Canada railway dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Canada_Post_strike" title="2024 Canada Post strike">2024 Canada Post strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024%E2%80%932025_Canadian_political_crisis" title="2024–2025 Canadian political crisis">2024–2025 Canadian political crisis and resignation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93China_trade_war" title="Canada–China trade war">Canada–China trade war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Justin_Trudeau" title="Electoral history of Justin Trudeau">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">2013 Liberal Party leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 federal election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019 federal election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021 federal election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trudeau_family" title="Trudeau family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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