CINXE.COM

NSA Clip Library

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <!-- __ _ _ _ __| |_ (_)__ _____ / _` | '_/ _| ' \| |\ V / -_) \__,_|_| \__|_||_|_| \_/\___| --> <head data-release=d3975dbc data-node="www22.us.archive.org"> <title>NSA Clip Library</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="Q2YSouphkkgHkFNP7FgAkc4TmBs1Gmag3uGNndb53B8" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bpjKvUvsX0lxfmjg19TLblckWkDpnptZEYsBntApxUk" /> <script nonce="**CSP_NONCE**" > /* @licstart The following is the entire license notice for the * JavaScript code in this page. * * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU Affero General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. * * @licend The above is the entire license notice * for the JavaScript code in this page. */ </script> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta property="mediatype" content=""> <meta property="primary_collection" content=""> <script src="//archive.org/includes/athena.js?v=d3975dbc" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//archive.org/components/npm/lit/polyfill-support.js?v=d3975dbc" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//archive.org/components/npm/@webcomponents/webcomponentsjs/webcomponents-bundle.js?v=d3975dbc" type="text/javascript"></script> <script nonce="**CSP_NONCE**" > window.__realDefine = customElements.define.bind(customElements); customElements.define = function() { try { return window.__realDefine.apply(this, arguments); } catch (e) { console.warn(e); } } </script> <script src="//archive.org/includes/build/js/ia-topnav.min.js?v=d3975dbc" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//archive.org/includes/build/js/nsa.min.js?v=d3975dbc" type="text/javascript"></script> <link href="/includes/nsa.css?v=5" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <meta name="monetization" content="$ilp.uphold.com/D7BwPKMQzBiD"> <link href="//archive.org/includes/build/css/archive.min.css?v=d3975dbc" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link rel="SHORTCUT ICON" href="https://archive.org/images/glogo.jpg"/> </head> <body class="navia max-width-3000"> <a href="#maincontent" class="hidden-for-screen-readers">Skip to main content</a> <!-- Wraps all page content --> <div id="wrap" > <div class="ia-banners"> <div class="ia-banner hidden post-appeal-20240905" data-campaign="post-appeal-20240905"> <p><a href="https://change.org/LetReadersRead" rel="nofollow">Ask the publishers</a> to restore access to 500,000+ books.</p> <form class="banner-close" action="" method="get" data-action="ia-banner-close"> <fieldset> <button aria-label="Close Banner" type="submit"></button> </fieldset> </form> </div> <div class="ia-banner public ia-deprecated-browser" data-campaign="ia-deprecated-browser"> <p>Your browser may not be compatible with all the features on this site. Consider upgrading to a modern browser or enabling JavaScript for an improved experience.</p> <form class="banner-close" action="" method="get" data-action="ia-banner-close"> <fieldset> <button aria-label="Close Banner" type="submit"></button> </fieldset> </form> </div> </div> <div id="topnav"> <input class="js_nav_tweaks" type="hidden" value='[]'/> <!-- Shady DOM styles for icon-hamburger --><style scope="icon-hamburger-1">.icon-hamburger-1 svg.icon-hamburger { display: block; height: 4rem; width: 4rem; } .icon-hamburger-1 .fill-color.icon-hamburger { fill: #fff; }</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for login-button --><style scope="login-button-1">.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button { display: block; text-transform: uppercase; color: #ccc; cursor: pointer; } .login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button svg.login-button { height: 100%; width: 4rem; } .login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button .fill-color.login-button { fill: #999; } .login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:active .fill-color.login-button,.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:focus .fill-color.login-button,.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:hover .fill-color.login-button { fill: #fff; } .login-button-1 .active.login-button { border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0; background: #333; } .login-button-1 .active.login-button .fill-color.login-button { fill: #fff; } .login-button-1 span.login-button { display: none; font-size: 1.4rem; text-transform: uppercase; color: #999; } .login-button-1 span.login-button a.login-button { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; outline: 0; } .login-button-1 a.login-button:hover,.login-button-1 a.login-button:active,.login-button-1 a.login-button:focus { color: #fff !important; outline: none !important; outline-offset: inherit !important; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .login-button-1 .logged-out-toolbar.login-button { padding: 1rem 0.5rem; vertical-align: middle; } .login-button-1 .active.login-button { background: transparent; } .login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; } .login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button svg.login-button { height: 3rem; width: 3rem; display: block; } .login-button-1 span.login-button { display: inline; vertical-align: middle; } }</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for nav-search --><style scope="nav-search-1">.nav-search-1 input.nav-search[type="text"] { color: #222; } .nav-search-1 input.nav-search:focus { outline: none; } .nav-search-1 button.nav-search { background: none; color: inherit; border: none; font: inherit; cursor: pointer; } .nav-search-1 button.nav-search:focus { outline: none; } .nav-search-1 .search.nav-search { padding-top: 0; margin-right: 0.5rem; } .nav-search-1 .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { position: relative; fill:; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 4rem; bottom: 0; left: 4rem; z-index: 3; padding: 0.5rem 0.2rem; border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0; background: #333; } .nav-search-1 .search-inactive.nav-search { display: none; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search,.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search { background: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; width: 100%; margin: 0 0.5rem; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search { height: 100%; padding: 0; margin-right: 0; -ms-flex-item-align: center; -ms-grid-row-align: center; align-self: center; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { height: 3rem; width: 3rem; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search { width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 1rem; border-radius: 0.5rem; border: none; font-size: 1.6rem; text-align: center; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search:focus { outline: none; } @keyframes fade-in-nav-search-1 { 0% { opacity: 0; } 100% { opacity: 1; } } .nav-search-1 .fade-in.nav-search { animation: fade-in-nav-search-1 0.2s forwards; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .nav-search-1 .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { display: inline; width: 2.8rem; height: 2.8rem; vertical-align: -14px; } .nav-search-1 .search.nav-search path.nav-search { fill: #333; } .nav-search-1 .search-inactive.nav-search,.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search { display: block; position: static; padding: 1.1rem 0.2rem; background: transparent; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search { width: 13rem; height: 2.8rem; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-direction: reverse; -ms-flex-direction: row-reverse; flex-direction: row-reverse; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search { width: calc(100% - 28px); height: 100%; padding-left: 0; font-size: 1.4rem; text-align: left; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { width: 2.8rem; height: 2.8rem; } }</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for media-button --><style scope="media-button-1">.media-button-1 a.media-button { display: inline-block; text-decoration: none; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button { display: inline-block; width: 100%; padding: 0; font-size: 1.6rem; text-align: left; background: transparent; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus { outline: none; } .media-button-1 .label.media-button { display: inline-block; padding: 0; font-weight: 400; color: #fff; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button > .icon.media-button { display: inline-flex; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -webkit-box-pack: center; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button > .icon.media-button > svg.media-button { height: 4rem; width: 4rem; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .icon.media-button { background-color: #333; border-radius: 1rem 0 0 1rem; } .media-button-1 .icon.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #999; } .media-button-1 .icon.active.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #fff; } .media-button-1 .donate.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #f00; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button { width: auto; height: 5rem; color: #999; display: inline-flex; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:hover,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:active,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus { color: #fff; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:hover .fill-color.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:active .fill-color.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus .fill-color.media-button { fill: #fff; } .media-button-1 .label.media-button { display: none; } .media-button-1 .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after { padding-right: 1rem; font-size: 1.3rem; text-transform: uppercase; color: inherit; } .media-button-1 .web.media-button:after { display: none; content: "web"; } .media-button-1 .donate.media-button,.media-button-1 .more.media-button { display: none; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button { background: #474747; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.web.media-button:after { color: #fff; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .icon.media-button { background: transparent; } .media-button-1 .web.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #ffcd27; } .media-button-1 .texts.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #faab3c; } .media-button-1 .video.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #f1644b; } .media-button-1 .audio.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #00adef; } .media-button-1 .software.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #9ecc4f; } .media-button-1 .images.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #aa99c9; } } @media (min-width: 1200px) { .media-button-1 .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after { display: inline; } .media-button-1 .web.media-button .label.media-button { display: none; } }</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for media-menu --><style scope="media-menu-1">.media-menu-1 { outline: none; } .media-menu-1 .media-menu-inner.media-menu { z-index: -1; top: -40rem; background-color: #222; margin: 0; overflow: hidden; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: top; transition-timing-function: ease; } .media-menu-1 .menu-group.media-menu { position: relative; line-height: normal; } @media (max-width: 889px) { .media-menu-1 .media-menu-inner.media-menu { position: absolute; width: 100%; } .media-menu-1 .open.media-menu .media-menu-inner.media-menu { top: 0; } .media-menu-1 .overflow-clip.media-menu { position: absolute; z-index: -1; top: 4rem; left: 0; height: 0; width: 100%; overflow: hidden; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: height; } .media-menu-1 .open.media-menu .overflow-clip.media-menu { height: 40rem; } } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-menu-1 .media-menu-inner.media-menu { display: block; position: static; width: auto; height: 5rem; transition-property: none; } .media-menu-1 .menu-group.media-menu { font-size: 0; } }</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for primary-nav --><style scope="primary-nav-1">.primary-nav-1 button.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 input.primary-nav:focus { outline: none; } .primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav { position: relative; display: flex; height: 4rem; grid-template-areas: 'hamburger empty heart search user'; -ms-grid-columns: 4rem minmax(1rem, 100%) 4rem 4rem 4rem; grid-template-columns: 4rem auto 4rem 4rem 4rem; -ms-grid-rows: 100%; grid-template-rows: 100%; background: #222; border-bottom: 1px solid #333; } .primary-nav-1 nav.hide-search.primary-nav { grid-template-areas: 'hamburger empty heart user'; -ms-grid-columns: 4rem minmax(1rem, 100%) 4rem 4rem; grid-template-columns: 4rem auto 4rem 4rem; } .primary-nav-1 .right-side-section.primary-nav { display: flex; margin-left: auto; user-select: none; } .primary-nav-1 button.primary-nav { background: none; color: inherit; border: none; font: inherit; cursor: pointer; } .primary-nav-1 .branding.primary-nav { position: static; float: left; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 5px 0 10px; -webkit-transform: translate(0, 0); -ms-transform: translate(0, 0); transform: translate(0, 0); } .primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .branding.primary-nav { display: flex; justify-content: left; align-items: center; } .primary-nav-1 media-menu.primary-nav { grid-column-start: hamburger-start; grid-column-end: user-end; } .primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav { height: 3rem; width: 2.7rem; display: inline-block; } .primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav { height: 3rem; width: 9.5rem; } .primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav { margin-right: 5px; } .primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 1; grid-area: hamburger; padding: 0; } .primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav svg.primary-nav { height: 4rem; width: 4rem; fill: #fff; } .primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav { display: inline-block; } .primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav svg.primary-nav { height: 4rem; width: 4rem; } .primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav .fill-color.primary-nav { fill: rgb(255, 0, 0); } .primary-nav-1 .sr-only.primary-nav { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; margin: -1px; padding: 0; border: 0; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-clip-path: inset(50%); clip-path: inset(50%); user-select: none; } .primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav { padding: 0; } .primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav svg.primary-nav { height: 4rem; width: 4rem; } .primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav .fill-color.primary-nav { fill: #999; } .primary-nav-1 .search-activated.primary-nav { position: relative; z-index: 3; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav svg.primary-nav { height: 3rem; width: 3rem; } .primary-nav-1 .screen-name.primary-nav { display: none; font-size: 1.3rem; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: uppercase; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav { color: #999; padding: 0.5rem; height: 100%; } .primary-nav-1 button.user-menu.primary-nav:hover,.primary-nav-1 button.user-menu.primary-nav:focus { color: #fff; outline: none; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav { border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0; background: #333; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav { display: block; width: 3rem; height: 3rem; } .primary-nav-1 .link-home.primary-nav { text-decoration: none; display: inline-flex; } .primary-nav-1 a.link-home.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 a.link-home.primary-nav:focus-visible { outline-offset: 1px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 890px) and (max-device-width: 905px) { .primary-nav-1 .branding.second-logo.primary-nav { padding-right: 0; } } @media (min-width: 906px) { .primary-nav-1 .branding.second-logo.primary-nav { padding-right: 20px; } } @media (max-width: 889px) { .primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav[name='opt-sec-logo'] { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .right-side-section.primary-nav { display: initial; } .primary-nav-1 .right-side-section.primary-nav .user-info.primary-nav { float: right; } } @media (min-width: 890px) { .primary-nav-1 { ; } .primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav { display: flex; z-index: 4; height: 5rem; padding-right: 1.5rem; } .primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav[name='opt-sec-logo-mobile'] { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav { margin-right: 10px; } .primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav { display: block; float: right; vertical-align: middle; height: 100%; } .primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav { height: 3rem; width: 3rem; margin-right: 0.5rem; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav { padding: 1rem 0.5rem; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav { background: transparent; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 0.5rem; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav { display: block; padding: 1rem 0.5rem; float: right; font-size: 1.4rem; text-transform: uppercase; text-decoration: none; color: #999; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover { color: #fff; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus-visible { outline: none; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav svg.primary-nav { vertical-align: middle; fill: #999; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover svg.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus svg.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active svg.primary-nav { fill: #fff; } .primary-nav-1 nav-search.primary-nav { float: right; margin-left: 1rem; } } @media (min-width: 990px) { .primary-nav-1 .screen-name.primary-nav { display: inline-block; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 165px; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav { display: inline; } }</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for user-menu --><!-- Shady DOM styles for search-menu --><style scope="search-menu-1">.search-menu-1 .menu-wrapper.search-menu { position: relative; } .search-menu-1 button.search-menu:focus,.search-menu-1 input.search-menu:focus { outline-color: #428bca; outline-width: 0.16rem; outline-style: auto; outline-offset: 2px !important; } .search-menu-1 .search-menu-inner.search-menu { position: absolute; right: 0; left: 0; z-index: 4; padding: 0 4.5rem; font-size: 1.6rem; background-color: #333; } .search-menu-1 .tx-slide.search-menu { overflow: hidden; transition-property: top; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; } .search-menu-1 .initial.search-menu,.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu { top: -1500px; } .search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu { transition-duration: 0.2s; } .search-menu-1 label.search-menu,.search-menu-1 a.search-menu { padding: 1rem; display: block; } .search-menu-1 .advanced-search.search-menu { text-decoration: none; color: #428bca; line-height: normal; padding: 0.5rem; margin-top: 5px; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .search-menu-1 .search-menu-inner.search-menu { overflow: visible; right: 2rem; left: auto; z-index: 5; padding: 1rem 2rem; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in-out; font-size: 1.4rem; color: #333; border-radius: 2px; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); } .search-menu-1 .search-menu-inner.search-menu:after { position: absolute; right: 7px; top: -7px; width: 12px; height: 7px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #fff; content: ''; border-bottom: 7px solid currentColor; border-left: 6px solid transparent; border-right: 6px solid transparent; } .search-menu-1 .initial.search-menu,.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu { opacity: 0; transition-duration: 0.2s; } .search-menu-1 .open.search-menu { opacity: 1; } .search-menu-1 label.search-menu { padding: 0; font-weight: normal; margin: 0; } .search-menu-1 label.search-menu + label.search-menu { padding-top: 7px; } .search-menu-1 a.search-menu { padding: 1rem 0 0 0; } }</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for ia-wayback-search --><!-- Shady DOM styles for wayback-search --><style scope="wayback-search-1">.wayback-search-1 { font: normal 1.2rem/1.5 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; } .wayback-search-1 form.wayback-search { max-width: 600px; } .wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search { margin-top: 0; font-weight: 200; } .wayback-search-1 a.wayback-search { font-weight: 500; text-decoration: none; color: #fff; } .wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search { padding: 0.7rem 2rem; margin: 1.5rem 0; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; border: none; border-radius: 7px; background-color: #fcf5e6; box-shadow: 3px 3px 0 0 #c3ad97; } .wayback-search-1 label.wayback-search { display: none; } .wayback-search-1 img.wayback-search { width: 100%; max-width: 215px; max-height: 60px; margin-bottom: 1.3rem; vertical-align: middle; } .wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search { display: block; width: 100%; height: 3rem; padding: 0.5rem 1rem 0.5rem 2.5rem; font: normal 1.2rem/1.5 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: #858585; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: 2rem; background: #eee; } .wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search:focus { border-color: #66afe9; box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075), 0 0 8px rgba(102, 175, 233, 0.6); outline: none; } .wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search { position: relative; overflow: hidden; } .wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search { position: absolute; top: 2px; left: 3px; width: 2.4rem; height: 2.4rem; } .wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search .fill-color.wayback-search { fill: #999; } .wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search:focus + svg.wayback-search { display: none; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .wayback-search-1 form.wayback-search { margin: 0 auto; } .wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search { margin-bottom: 3rem; font-size: 1.6rem; text-align: center; } .wayback-search-1 img.wayback-search { margin: 0; } .wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search { margin: 0 auto; font-size: 0; } .wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search,.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search { display: inline-block; width: 50%; vertical-align: middle; } .wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search { text-align: center; } .wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search { width: 2.8rem; height: 2.8rem; } .wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search .fill-color.wayback-search { fill: #333; } } .wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search { margin-bottom: 1rem; font-size: 1.6rem; text-align: center; } .wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search { padding: .5rem; border-radius: 5px; box-shadow: none; } .wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search { padding-left: 3rem; margin-top: .3rem; font-size: 1.4rem; border-color: #bca38e; background: #fff; } .wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search::placeholder,.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search::-webkit-input-placeholder { color: #8e8e8e; } .wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search { top: 50%; transform: translateY(-50%); } @media (min-width: 890px) { .wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search,.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search { display: block; width: auto; } .wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search { margin: 0 1.5rem; } }</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for save-page-form --><style scope="save-page-form-1">.save-page-form-1 div.save-page-form { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; grid-column-gap: .8rem; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: none; } .save-page-form-1 input.save-page-form[type="text"] { width: 100%; height: 3rem; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #999; border-radius: .5rem; color: #222; font-size: inherit; } .save-page-form-1 input.save-page-form[type="submit"] { -webkit-appearance: none; -moz-appearance: none; appearance: none; padding: .4rem .8rem; font: normal 1.3rem 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff; border: none; border-radius: 16px; background: #222; cursor: pointer; } .save-page-form-1 .error.save-page-form { display: none; margin-top: .5rem; font-weight: bold; color: #ffcd27; } .save-page-form-1 .visible.save-page-form { display: block; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .save-page-form-1 h3.save-page-form { margin-top: 0; font: normal 100 1.6rem 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; } }</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for wayback-slider --><style scope="wayback-slider-1">.wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider { font-size: 1.6rem; } .wayback-slider-1 a.wayback-slider { text-decoration: none; color: #fff; } .wayback-slider-1 ul.wayback-slider { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } .wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider + li.wayback-slider { padding-top: 1.5rem; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider { margin: 0 0 1rem 0; font-weight: 100; } .wayback-slider-1 ul.wayback-slider { font-size: 1.3rem; } .wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider { padding-bottom: .5rem; } .wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider + li.wayback-slider { padding-top: 0; } .wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider a.wayback-slider { display: block; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; } } @media (min-width: 890px) { .wayback-slider-1 { display: block; grid-column: 1 / 4; padding: 0 1.5rem; } .wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider { margin-top: 0; font: normal 100 1.6rem 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; } .wayback-slider-1 .grid.wayback-slider { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(auto, 260px) 1fr minmax(auto, 260px); grid-column-gap: 2.5rem; } .wayback-slider-1 .link-lists.wayback-slider { display: grid; grid-template-columns: calc(50% - 1.25rem) calc(50% - 1.25rem); grid-column-gap: 2.5rem; } }</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for more-slider --><style scope="more-slider-1">.more-slider-1 ul.more-slider { padding: 0; margin: -1rem 0 0 0; list-style: none; } .more-slider-1 a.more-slider { display: block; padding: 1rem 0; text-decoration: none; color: #fff; }</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for media-subnav --><style scope="media-subnav-1">.media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav { font-size: 1.6rem; } .media-subnav-1 a.media-subnav { text-decoration: none; color: #fff; } .media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } .media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav + li.media-subnav { padding-top: 1.5rem; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav { margin: 0 0 1rem 0; font-weight: 100; } .media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav { font-size: 1.3rem; } .media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav { padding-bottom: .5rem; } .media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav + li.media-subnav { padding-top: 0; } .media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav a.media-subnav { display: block; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; } } .media-subnav-1 img.media-subnav { display: block; width: 90px; height: 90px; margin: 0 auto 1rem auto; border-radius: 45px; } .media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav { margin-top: 0; font-size: 1.8rem; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-pack: space-evenly; -ms-flex-pack: space-evenly; justify-content: space-evenly; text-align: center; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav { display: inline-block; width: 12rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav + a.media-subnav { margin-left: 2rem; } .media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav { display: none; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-subnav-1 { display: -ms-grid; display: grid; -ms-grid-columns: 40% 20% 40%; grid-template-columns: 40% 20% 40%; } .media-subnav-1 .wayback-search.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 1; -ms-grid-column-span: 3; grid-column: 1 / 4; } .media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav { display: none; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav { padding-top: 3.5rem; max-width: 16rem; } .media-subnav-1 .links.media-subnav { padding: 0 1.5rem; } .media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 2; } .media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav { display: block; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav { display: -ms-grid; display: grid; -ms-grid-columns: 50% 3rem 50%; grid-template-columns: 50% 50%; -ms-grid-rows: (auto)[7]; grid-template-rows: repeat(7, auto); grid-column-gap: 3rem; grid-auto-flow: column; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(1) { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(2) { -ms-grid-row: 2; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(3) { -ms-grid-row: 3; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(4) { -ms-grid-row: 4; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(5) { -ms-grid-row: 5; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(6) { -ms-grid-row: 6; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(7) { -ms-grid-row: 7; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(8) { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(9) { -ms-grid-row: 2; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(10) { -ms-grid-row: 3; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(11) { -ms-grid-row: 4; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(12) { -ms-grid-row: 5; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(13) { -ms-grid-row: 6; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(14) { -ms-grid-row: 7; -ms-grid-column: 3; } }</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for media-slider --><style scope="media-slider-1">.media-slider-1 .media-slider-container.media-slider { position: relative; } .media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider { display: none; position: absolute; top: 3rem; right: 0; left: 0; height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition: height 0.2s ease; } .media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider { position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; padding: 0; height: 31.9rem; overflow-x: hidden; font-size: 1.4rem; background: #333; } .media-slider-1 .open.media-slider { display: block; } .media-slider-1 .hidden.media-slider { display: none; } .media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider { padding: 1rem; } @media (max-width: 889px) { .media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.open.media-slider { display: block; height: 35.8rem; left: 4rem; top: 0; } } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider { display: block; } .media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider { left: 0; z-index: 3; height: auto; min-height: 21rem; background: #474747; transform: translate(0, -100%); transition: transform 0.2s ease; } .media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.open.media-slider { height: 22rem; } .media-slider-1 .information-menu.open.media-slider { transform: translate(0, 0); } .media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider { max-width: 100rem; padding: 1.5rem 0; margin: 0 auto; } }</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for desktop-subnav --><style scope="desktop-subnav-1">.desktop-subnav-1 ul.desktop-subnav { position: relative; z-index: 3; padding: .8rem 0; margin: 0; font-size: 1.2rem; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; background: #333; } .desktop-subnav-1 li.desktop-subnav { display: inline-block; padding: 0 15px; } .desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav { text-decoration: none; color: #aaa; } .desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:hover,.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:active,.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:focus { color: #fff; } .desktop-subnav-1 .donate.desktop-subnav svg.desktop-subnav { width: 1.6rem; height: 1.6rem; vertical-align: top; fill: #f00; }</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for signed-out-dropdown --><style scope="signed-out-dropdown-1">.signed-out-dropdown-1 .nav-container.signed-out-dropdown { position: relative; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown { position: absolute; right: 0; z-index: 4; overflow: hidden; font-size: 1.6rem; background-color: #333; transition-property: top; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown { top: -1500px; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown { transition-duration: 0.5s; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown { max-width: 100vw; overflow: auto; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown { padding: 0.6rem 2rem; margin: 0; font-size: inherit; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown { padding: 0.4rem 0 0.7rem 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; max-height: calc(100vh - 7.2rem + 1px); overflow: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown { margin: 0.5rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #666; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown { display: block; color: #fff; text-decoration: none; padding: 1rem 2rem; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown { font-size: 0.8em; color: #999; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .callout.signed-out-dropdown { position: absolute; margin-left: 10px; padding: 0 5px; border-radius: 2px; background: #fee257; color: #2c2c2c; font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: bold; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.mobile-upload.signed-out-dropdown { display: flex; justify-content: left; align-items: center; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.mobile-upload.signed-out-dropdown svg.signed-out-dropdown { fill: #fff; margin-right: 1rem; height: 1.4rem; width: 1.4rem; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown { display: flex; overflow: visible; top: 0; left: auto; z-index: 5; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in-out; font-size: 1.4rem; border-radius: 2px; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); } .signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown:after { position: absolute; right: 7px; top: -7px; width: 12px; height: 7px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #fff; content: ''; border-bottom: 7px solid currentColor; border-left: 6px solid transparent; border-right: 6px solid transparent; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown { display: none; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown { max-height: calc(100vh - 8.5rem + 1px); } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown { border-bottom-color: #666; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown { padding: 0.5rem 2rem; color: #333; transition: background 0.1s ease-out, color 0.1s ease-out; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown { padding: 0.5rem 2rem; font-size: 0.8em; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:hover,.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:active,.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:focus { color: #fff; background: #428bca; outline: none; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown { opacity: 0; transition-duration: 0.2s; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown { opacity: 1; overflow: visible; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.mobile-upload.signed-out-dropdown { display: none; } } @media (min-width: 890px) { .signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown { right: 33.5rem; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.open.signed-out-dropdown { right: 18.5rem; } } @media (min-width: 990px) { .signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown { right: 40rem; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.open.signed-out-dropdown { right: 26rem; } }</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for ia-topnav --><style scope="ia-topnav-1">.ia-topnav-1 { ; color: #fff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; } .ia-topnav-1 primary-nav.ia-topnav:focus { outline: none !important; } .ia-topnav-1 #close-layer.ia-topnav { display: none; position: fixed; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; z-index: 3; } .ia-topnav-1 #close-layer.visible.ia-topnav { display: block; } .ia-topnav-1 .topnav.ia-topnav { position: relative; z-index: 4; } @media (max-width: 889px) { .ia-topnav-1 desktop-subnav.ia-topnav { display: none; } }</style><style>body {transition: opacity ease-in 0.2s; } body[unresolved] {opacity: 0; display: block; overflow: hidden; position: relative; } </style> <ia-topnav locallinks="true" waybackpagesarchived="916 billion" class="x-scope ia-topnav-1"><!----> <div class="topnav style-scope ia-topnav"> <primary-nav class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope primary-nav-1"><!----> <nav class="style-scope primary-nav"> <button class="hamburger style-scope primary-nav" title="Open main menu" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavHamburger"> <icon-hamburger class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope icon-hamburger-1"><!----> <svg viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="hamburgerTitleID hamburgerDescID" class="style-scope icon-hamburger"> <title id="hamburgerTitleID" class="style-scope icon-hamburger">Hamburger icon</title> <desc id="hamburgerDescID" class="style-scope icon-hamburger">An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon.</desc> <path d="m30.5 26.5c.8284271 0 1.5.6715729 1.5 1.5s-.6715729 1.5-1.5 1.5h-21c-.82842712 0-1.5-.6715729-1.5-1.5s.67157288-1.5 1.5-1.5zm0-8c.8284271 0 1.5.6715729 1.5 1.5s-.6715729 1.5-1.5 1.5h-21c-.82842712 0-1.5-.6715729-1.5-1.5s.67157288-1.5 1.5-1.5zm0-8c.8284271 0 1.5.6715729 1.5 1.5s-.6715729 1.5-1.5 1.5h-21c-.82842712 0-1.5-.6715729-1.5-1.5s.67157288-1.5 1.5-1.5z" fill="#999" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope icon-hamburger"></path> </svg> </icon-hamburger> </button> <div class="branding style-scope primary-nav"> <a title="Go home" class="link-home style-scope primary-nav" href="/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavHome"><!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg class="ia-logo style-scope primary-nav" viewBox="0 0 27 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="logoTitleID logoDescID"> <title id="logoTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Internet Archive logo</title> <desc id="logoDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building fa莽ade.</desc> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope primary-nav"> <mask id="mask-2" fill="white" class="style-scope primary-nav"> <path d="M26.6666667,28.6046512 L26.6666667,30 L0,30 L0.000283687943,28.6046512 L26.6666667,28.6046512 Z M25.6140351,26.5116279 L25.6140351,28.255814 L1.05263158,28.255814 L1.05263158,26.5116279 L25.6140351,26.5116279 Z M3.62469203,7.6744186 L3.91746909,7.82153285 L4.0639977,10.1739544 L4.21052632,13.9963932 L4.21052632,17.6725617 L4.0639977,22.255044 L4.03962296,25.3421929 L3.62469203,25.4651163 L2.16024641,25.4651163 L1.72094074,25.3421929 L1.55031755,22.255044 L1.40350877,17.6970339 L1.40350877,14.0211467 L1.55031755,10.1739544 L1.68423854,7.80887484 L1.98962322,7.6744186 L3.62469203,7.6744186 Z M24.6774869,7.6744186 L24.9706026,7.82153285 L25.1168803,10.1739544 L25.2631579,13.9963932 L25.2631579,17.6725617 L25.1168803,22.255044 L25.0927809,25.3421929 L24.6774869,25.4651163 L23.2130291,25.4651163 L22.7736357,25.3421929 L22.602418,22.255044 L22.4561404,17.6970339 L22.4561404,14.0211467 L22.602418,10.1739544 L22.7369262,7.80887484 L23.0420916,7.6744186 L24.6774869,7.6744186 Z M9.94042303,7.6744186 L10.2332293,7.82153285 L10.3797725,10.1739544 L10.5263158,13.9963932 L10.5263158,17.6725617 L10.3797725,22.255044 L10.3556756,25.3421929 L9.94042303,25.4651163 L8.47583122,25.4651163 L8.0362015,25.3421929 L7.86556129,22.255044 L7.71929825,17.6970339 L7.71929825,14.0211467 L7.86556129,10.1739544 L8.00005604,7.80887484 L8.30491081,7.6744186 L9.94042303,7.6744186 Z M18.0105985,7.6744186 L18.3034047,7.82153285 L18.449948,10.1739544 L18.5964912,13.9963932 L18.5964912,17.6725617 L18.449948,22.255044 L18.425851,25.3421929 L18.0105985,25.4651163 L16.5460067,25.4651163 L16.1066571,25.3421929 L15.9357367,22.255044 L15.7894737,17.6970339 L15.7894737,14.0211467 L15.9357367,10.1739544 L16.0702315,7.80887484 L16.3753664,7.6744186 L18.0105985,7.6744186 Z M25.6140351,4.53488372 L25.6140351,6.97674419 L1.05263158,6.97674419 L1.05263158,4.53488372 L25.6140351,4.53488372 Z M13.0806755,0 L25.9649123,2.93331338 L25.4484139,3.8372093 L0.771925248,3.8372093 L0,3.1041615 L13.0806755,0 Z" id="path-1" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path> </mask> <use fill="#FFFFFF" xlink:href="#path-1" class="style-scope primary-nav"></use> <g mask="url(#mask-2)" fill="#FFFFFF" class="style-scope primary-nav"> <path d="M0,0 L26.6666667,0 L26.6666667,30 L0,30 L0,0 Z" id="swatch" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path> </g> </g> </svg> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg class="ia-wordmark stacked style-scope primary-nav" viewBox="0 0 95 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope primary-nav"> <g transform="translate(0 17)" class="style-scope primary-nav"> <path d="m3.07645967 2.60391777c.09263226-.31901841.26275495-.97477846.26275495-1.10630359 0-.74950669-.57227138-.76816274-1.19041353-.88009902v-.41183224h2.90678232l3.77209227 12.60682378h-1.60725868l-1.16012991-3.8963154h-3.94266032l-1.15968456 3.8963154h-.95794221zm-.69607795 5.4317081h3.41670507l-1.76223957-5.469953z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m13.2661876 2.75363255c0-1.85487748-.0316196-1.85487748-1.469201-2.13611739v-.41183224h3.8032666c1.1601299 0 4.3599508 0 4.3599508 3.35342446 0 2.13518459-1.143652 2.84737918-2.3652399 3.0903742l2.8448791 6.16302512h-1.7773814l-2.7366596-5.82581707h-.9588329v5.82581707h-1.7007817zm1.7007817 3.35295806h.8817878c1.0042583 0 2.411556-.33674165 2.411556-2.43508055 0-2.0237147-.9588329-2.58572812-2.2579112-2.58572812-1.0354326 0-1.0354326.33720805-1.0354326 1.68650665z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m30.9386422 12.2878054c-.5250645.2817063-1.3761234.7121946-2.9682403.7121946-3.3552471 0-4.5612478-2.4537366-4.5612478-6.66860403 0-3.4089262.86531-6.18214759 4.3136347-6.18214759 1.3761234 0 2.3812724.28077351 3.0920468.56201342l.0930776 3.12908549h-.4484648c-.0619033-.95612241-.9125167-2.79187744-2.5821241-2.79187744-2.2726076 0-2.6440273 2.94065941-2.6440273 5.28292612 0 2.95931547.8510588 5.61966783 2.9994146 5.61966783 1.4692009 0 2.2267368-.5620135 2.7059306-.9551897z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m35.4546446 2.67900836c0-1.48129014-.0926322-1.64966096-1.5466914-1.83622143v-.41276504l3.2470277-.43002189v5.80669465h4.2049699v-5.60101173h1.7007816v12.60682378h-1.7007816v-6.12571303h-4.2049699v6.12571303h-1.7003363z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m46.0300434 12.3447063c1.0973359 0 1.3137748-.2807735 1.3137748-1.7420083v-8.05568117c0-1.46123489-.2164389-1.741542-1.3137748-1.741542v-.46919958h4.3287765v.46919958c-1.0826395 0-1.3137748.28030711-1.3137748 1.741542v8.05568117c0 1.4612348.2311353 1.7420083 1.3137748 1.7420083v.4678004h-4.3287765z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m55.1990352 2.60391777c-.494781-1.7051627-.6341747-1.7051627-1.8709043-1.98640261v-.41183224h2.9994145l3.0301436 10.26548988h.0307289l2.9535438-10.26548988h1.0042584l-3.771647 12.60682378h-1.344949z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m67.7842867 2.75363255c0-1.85487748-.0463161-1.85487748-1.4687557-2.13611739v-.41183224h7.4061269l.0463161 2.77228859h-.433323c0-1.49854698-.6488711-1.89218957-1.6696073-1.89218957h-1.2060007c-.7726777 0-.9735293.07462419-.9735293.97431206v3.7279446h1.8709043c1.0657162 0 1.174381-.82366447 1.2674586-1.44164603h.4324323v3.93316112h-.4324323c0-1.01162415-.3402454-1.61141607-1.2674586-1.61141607h-1.8709043v4.17755538c0 1.0489362.2008516 1.0867147.9735293 1.0867147h1.7168141c.8804518 0 1.2977423-.3749865 1.3908199-1.835755h.433323l-.0472068 2.715854h-6.1685065z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path> </g> <path d="m1.55575146 9.89647882v-7.6678574c0-1.39053729-.25677019-1.65867172-1.55575146-1.65867172v-.44528687h5.12561364v.44528687c-1.28118091 0-1.55575146.26813443-1.55575146 1.65867172v7.6678574c0 1.39097468.27457055 1.65735948 1.55575146 1.65735948v.4461617h-5.12561364v-.4461617c1.29898127 0 1.55575146-.2663848 1.55575146-1.65735948z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m9.92299051 2.28198586c0-1.65823431-.25588017-1.58649851-1.83032201-1.88962601v-.39235985h3.8626781l5.7664266 9.70008019h.0364907v-9.70008019h1.1534634v12h-1.7577856l-6.0405521-10.14492965h-.0369358v10.14492965h-1.15346329z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m25.631543.83808413h-1.2633805c-1.4458343 0-1.8668128.44572428-1.977175 1.74834147h-.5122054l.0729815-2.5864256h9.3727795l.0734265 2.63935263h-.5126504c0-1.37304075-.5860768-1.8012685-1.9954203-1.8012685h-1.2442452v11.16191587h-2.0141107z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m36.1050097 2.42502005c0-1.7654006-.0556262-1.7654006-1.7399852-2.0326602v-.39235985h8.7684573l.0551811 2.63935263h-.5126504c0-1.42684261-.7685305-1.8012685-1.9762849-1.8012685h-1.4284789c-.9153835 0-1.1534633.0717358-1.1534633.92775388v3.54829773h2.2152547c1.2629356 0 1.3906532-.7851571 1.5010154-1.37391558h.5130954v3.74513378h-.5130954c0-.96274696-.4022881-1.53313407-1.5010154-1.53313407h-2.2152547v3.97608803c0 .9986149.2380798 1.033608 1.1534633 1.033608h2.0319111c1.0439911 0 1.5375061-.356492 1.6469783-1.74702926h.5135404l-.0551812 2.58511336h-7.3034876z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m48.1689385 2.42502005c0-1.7654006-.0364908-1.7654006-1.7382052-2.0326602v-.39235985h4.5026011c1.3732977 0 5.1621043 0 5.1621043 3.19180579 0 2.03309761-1.3537173 2.71065102-2.8004416 2.94248013l3.3682731 5.86571408h-2.1053376l-3.2396655-5.54552745h-1.1352179v5.54552745h-2.0141107zm2.0141107 3.19136837h1.0439911c1.189064 0 2.8556227-.32018663 2.8556227-2.31697893 0-1.92680615-1.1352179-2.46132536-2.673169-2.46132536-1.2264448 0-1.2264448.32062404-1.2264448 1.6057447z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m61.4610921 2.28198586c0-1.65823431-.2567702-1.58649851-1.830767-1.88962601v-.39235985h3.8622331l5.7659816 9.70008019h.0369357v-9.70008019h1.1534633v12h-1.7568955l-6.0414421-10.14492965h-.0364908v10.14492965h-1.1530183z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m75.1550889 2.42502005c0-1.7654006-.0547361-1.7654006-1.7390952-2.0326602v-.39235985h8.7684573l.0551811 2.63935263h-.5126504c0-1.42684261-.7694205-1.8012685-1.9771749-1.8012685h-1.4280339c-.9149385 0-1.1530183.0717358-1.1530183.92775388v3.54829773h2.2148098c1.2633805 0 1.3906531-.7851571 1.5010153-1.37391558h.5130954v3.74513378h-.5130954c0-.96274696-.4022881-1.53313407-1.5010153-1.53313407h-2.2148098v3.97608803c0 .9986149.2380798 1.033608 1.1530183 1.033608h2.0319111c1.0439911 0 1.5379511-.356492 1.6478683-1.74702926h.5126504l-.0551811 2.58511336h-7.3039327z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m89.2335734.83808413h-1.2624905c-1.4462793 0-1.8672578.44572428-1.97762 1.74834147h-.5122054l.0734265-2.5864256h9.3718895l.0734265 2.63935263h-.5122054c0-1.37304075-.5856318-1.8012685-1.9958653-1.8012685h-1.2446902v11.16191587h-2.0136657z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path> </g> </svg> </a> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> </div> <media-menu class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope media-menu-1"><!----> <div class="media-menu-container closed style-scope media-menu"> <div class="overflow-clip style-scope media-menu"> <nav class="media-menu-inner style-scope media-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="menu-group style-scope media-menu"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="web"><!----> <a class="menu-item web style-scope media-button" href="https://web.archive.org" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuWeb" title="Expand web menu"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <span class="icon style-scope media-button"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="webTitleID webDescID" class="style-scope media-button"> <title id="webTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Web icon</title> <desc id="webDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of a computer application window</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m8 28.7585405v-8.1608108-9.3577297h24v9.3577297 8.1608108zm14.2702703-15.8863783h-12.43243246v2.6114594h12.43243246zm7.7837838 14.0365946v-7.0727027-1.8497838h-20.21621626v1.8497838 7.0727027zm-3.7837838-14.0365946h-2.7027027v2.6114594h2.7027027zm4 0h-2.7027027v2.6114594h2.7027027z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Wayback Machine</span> </a> </media-button> <!----><!----> <media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="texts"><!----> <a class="menu-item texts style-scope media-button" href="/details/texts" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuTexts" title="Expand texts menu"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <span class="icon style-scope media-button"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="textsTitleID textsDescID" class="style-scope media-button"> <title id="textsTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Texts icon</title> <desc id="textsDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of an open book.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m10.3323235 11.0007023h6.9060825c.8851083 0 1.5847122.3064258 2.0988114.9192774v14.4324451h-.6460032c-.1435563-.120323-.3528315-.2434552-.6278257-.3693964-.2749942-.1259413-.5201585-.2191097-.7354929-.2795053l-.3048241-.1081503h-5.7042647c-.3108832 0-.5621067-.0601615-.7536705-.1804846-.0717781-.0599274-.1256117-.1439663-.1615008-.2521166-.0358891-.1081502-.0598928-.2043619-.0720112-.2886348v-13.8741368zm19.1752505 0v13.603761c-.0717781.3361555-.2211606.5943584-.4481473.7746089-.0717781.0599274-.1733862.1079162-.304824.1439663-.1314379.0360501-.2451643.0601615-.3411793.0723343h-5.5965975c-.9568865.2640552-1.5068748.5164059-1.649965.757052h-.6634817v-14.4324451c.5140992-.6128516 1.2076439-.9192774 2.0806339-.9192774h6.92426zm1.3814961.6489017-.1796783 15.2976474c-.0955489 0-1.0342578.0119386-2.8161268.035816-1.7818691.0238773-3.3006293.0898911-4.5562806.1980414-1.2556514.1081503-1.9613144.2884008-2.1169891.5407514-.0955488.1924233-.5439291.273419-1.345141.2429871-.8012118-.0304319-1.3155441-.1776755-1.5429969-.4417308-.334654-.3843783-3.4558378-.5765674-9.36355164-.5765674v-15.3875385l-.96830576.3960828v16.2702977c6.4096947-.2041278 9.7760429-.0840388 10.0990445.3602669.2391051.276228.9864833.414342 2.2421347.414342.1915638 0 .4187835-.0210682.6816593-.0632047s.4810068-.0870821.6543929-.1348367c.1733862-.0477547.2719646-.0838048.2957353-.1081503.0838965-.1563732.9599161-.2675666 2.6280587-.3335805 1.6681426-.0660138 3.3213703-.0931684 4.9596831-.0814638l2.4392915.0182591v-16.2344816z"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Texts</span> </a> </media-button> <!----><!----> <media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="video"><!----> <a class="menu-item video style-scope media-button" href="/details/movies" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuVideo" title="Expand video menu"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <span class="icon style-scope media-button"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="videoTitleID videoDescID" class="style-scope media-button"> <title id="videoTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Video icon</title> <desc id="videoDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of two cells of a film strip.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m31.0117647 12.0677966c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711864-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711864-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711865-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.3898305c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711864-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711865-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711865-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm-4.0941176-10.440678c0 .5423729-.4235295.9491525-.9882353.9491525h-11.5764706c-.5647059 0-.9882353-.4067796-.9882353-.9491525v-6.9152542c0-.5423729.4235294-.9491526.9882353-.9491526h11.5764706c.5647058 0 .9882353.4067797.9882353.9491526zm-.1411765 11.2542373c0 .5423729-.4235294.9491525-.9882353.9491525h-11.5764706c-.5647059 0-.9882353-.4067796-.9882353-.9491525v-6.9152542c0-.5423729.4235294-.9491526.9882353-.9491526h11.5764706c.5647059 0 .9882353.4067797.9882353.9491526zm-14.9647059-17.220339c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711864-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711864-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711865-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.3898305c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711864-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711865-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711865-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm20.0470588-20.4745763h-.8470588v.27118644.6779661c0 .40677966-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.27118644-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661-.27118644h-16.5176471v.27118644.6779661c0 .40677966-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.27118644-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661-.27118644h-1.12941176v24h1.12941176v-.2711864-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661v.6779661.2711864h16.6588235v-.2711864-.6779661c0-.4067797.282353-.6779661.7058824-.6779661h1.2705882c.4235294 0 .7058824.2711864.7058824.6779661v.6779661.2711864h.8470588v-24z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Video</span> </a> </media-button> <!----><!----> <media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="audio"><!----> <a class="menu-item audio style-scope media-button" href="/details/audio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuAudio" title="Expand audio menu"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <span class="icon style-scope media-button"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg width="40px" height="40px" viewBox="0 0 40 40" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="audioTitleID audioDescID" class="style-scope media-button"> <title id="audioTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Audio icon</title> <desc id="audioDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of an audio speaker.</desc> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope media-button"> <g transform="translate(10, 8)" class="fill-color style-scope media-button"> <path d="M19.4264564,11.8585048 L19.4264564,20.7200433 C19.4264564,22.3657576 18.8838179,23.2519114 16.8489237,23.2519114 C12.2364969,23.125318 7.75972977,23.125318 3.14730298,23.2519114 C1.24806842,23.2519114 0.569770368,22.492351 0.569770368,20.7200433 L0.569770368,2.74377955 C0.569770368,1.09806526 1.11240881,0.211911416 3.14730298,0.211911416 C7.75972977,0.338504822 12.2364969,0.338504822 16.8489237,0.211911416 C18.7481583,0.211911416 19.4264564,0.971471855 19.4264564,2.74377955 C19.2907967,5.78202131 19.4264564,8.82026306 19.4264564,11.8585048 L19.4264564,11.8585048 Z M10.0659432,2.74377955 C8.16670861,2.74377955 6.67445288,4.13630702 6.67445288,5.90861471 C6.67445288,7.6809224 8.16670861,9.07344988 10.0659432,9.07344988 C11.9651777,9.07344988 13.4574335,7.6809224 13.4574335,5.90861471 C13.4574335,4.13630702 11.8295181,2.74377955 10.0659432,2.74377955 L10.0659432,2.74377955 Z M10.0659432,11.4787246 C7.21709133,11.4787246 5.04653754,13.6308125 5.04653754,16.1626806 C5.04653754,18.8211422 7.35275094,20.8466367 10.0659432,20.8466367 C12.914795,20.8466367 15.0853488,18.6945488 15.0853488,16.1626806 C15.0853488,13.6308125 12.7791354,11.4787246 10.0659432,11.4787246 L10.0659432,11.4787246 Z" class="style-scope media-button"></path> <ellipse cx="10.2016028" cy="16.5690777" rx="1.35659611" ry="1.34075134" class="style-scope media-button"></ellipse> </g> </g> </svg> </span> <span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Audio</span> </a> </media-button> <!----><!----> <media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="software"><!----> <a class="menu-item software style-scope media-button" href="/details/software" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuSoftware" title="Expand software menu"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <span class="icon style-scope media-button"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="softwareTitleID softwareDescID" class="style-scope media-button"> <title id="softwareTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Software icon</title> <desc id="softwareDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of a 3.5" floppy disk.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m32 30.6900373v-21.44521088c0-.82988428-.4156786-1.24482642-1.2470357-1.24482642h-21.50592858c-.83135715 0-1.24703572.4221795-1.24703572 1.26653851v21.44521089c0 .8588337.41567857 1.2882506 1.24703572 1.2882506h21.48327168c.8458575 0 1.2687863-.4366542 1.2687863-1.3099627zm-5.9950155-20.4410268v6.114667c0 .6694561-.3428744 1.0041841-1.0286232 1.0041841h-10.1294464c-.2622159 0-.4773054-.0802141-.6452685-.2406423s-.2519447-.3642806-.2519447-.6115572v-6.1363791l.0217506-.1311772h12.0326259zm-4.9437353.8295827v5.0010178h3.0405558v-5.0010178zm-9.7134658 18.8035735v-7.753025c0-.5241057.1604108-.9025595.4812325-1.1353613.1897138-.1453504.4011782-.2180256.6343932-.2180256h14.7451099c.3208217 0 .5905898.1091636.8093044.3274907s.3280719.5023936.3280719.8521995v7.8181612l-.0217506.1094652h-16.9772676z"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Software</span> </a> </media-button> <!----><!----> <media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="images"><!----> <a class="menu-item images style-scope media-button" href="/details/image" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuImages" title="Expand images menu"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <span class="icon style-scope media-button"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="imagesTitleID imagesDescID" class="style-scope media-button"> <title id="imagesTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Images icon</title> <desc id="imagesDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of two photographs.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m20.8219178 15.3769871c0 1.1136708-.8767123 1.8932404-1.8630137 1.8932404s-1.9726027-.8909367-1.9726027-1.8932404c0-1.0023038.8767123-1.8932404 1.9726027-1.8932404.9863014 0 1.8630137.8909366 1.8630137 1.8932404zm-5.9178082-3.7864808h15.4520548v6.0138225l-1.9726028-3.3410125-2.6301369 6.3479237-2.1917809-2.67281-6.1369863 5.1228859h-2.5205479zm-1.7534247-1.6705063v14.9231892h18.8493151v-14.9231892zm-2.9589041 7.2388604c.2191781 0 1.9726028-.3341012 1.9726028-.3341012v-2.0046075l-4.1643836.5568354c.43835616 4.7887846.87671233 9.9116704 1.31506849 14.700455 6.02739731-.5568354 13.26027401-1.5591391 19.39726031-2.1159746-.1095891-.5568354-.1095891-2.0046075-.2191781-2.67281-.4383562.1113671-1.4246575 0-1.8630137.1113671v.8909367c-5.1506849.4454683-10.3013699 1.1136708-15.4520548 1.6705062.109589-.111367-.5479452-7.0161262-.9863014-10.8026071z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Images</span> </a> </media-button> <!----><!----> <media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="donate"><!----> <a class="menu-item donate style-scope media-button" href="/donate/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuDonate" title="Expand donate menu"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <span class="icon style-scope media-button"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="donateTitleID donateDescID" class="style-scope media-button"> <title id="donateTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Donate icon</title> <desc id="donateDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of a heart shape</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m30.0120362 11.0857287c-1.2990268-1.12627221-2.8599641-1.65258786-4.682812-1.57894699-.8253588.02475323-1.7674318.3849128-2.8262192 1.08047869-1.0587873.6955659-1.89622 1.5724492-2.512298 2.63065-.591311-1.0588196-1.4194561-1.9357029-2.4844351-2.63065-1.0649791-.69494706-2.0039563-1.05510663-2.8169316-1.08047869-1.2067699-.04950647-2.318187.17203498-3.3342513.66462439-1.0160643.4925893-1.82594378 1.2002224-2.42963831 2.1228992-.60369453.9226769-.91173353 1.9629315-.92411701 3.1207641-.03715043 1.9202322.70183359 3.7665141 2.21695202 5.5388457 1.2067699 1.4035084 2.912594 3.1606786 5.1174721 5.2715107 2.2048782 2.1108321 3.7565279 3.5356901 4.6549492 4.2745742.8253588-.6646243 2.355647-2.0647292 4.5908647-4.2003145s3.9747867-3.9171994 5.218707-5.3448422c1.502735-1.7723316 2.2355273-3.6186135 2.1983769-5.5388457-.0256957-1.7608832-.6875926-3.2039968-1.9866194-4.3302689z"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Donate</span> </a> </media-button> <!----><!----> <media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="more"><!----> <a class="menu-item more style-scope media-button" href="/about/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuMore" title="Expand more menu"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <span class="icon style-scope media-button"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="ellipsesTitleID ellipsesDescID" class="style-scope media-button"> <title id="ellipsesTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Ellipses icon</title> <desc id="ellipsesDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of text ellipses.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m10.5 17.5c1.3807119 0 2.5 1.1192881 2.5 2.5s-1.1192881 2.5-2.5 2.5c-1.38071187 0-2.5-1.1192881-2.5-2.5s1.11928813-2.5 2.5-2.5zm9.5 0c1.3807119 0 2.5 1.1192881 2.5 2.5s-1.1192881 2.5-2.5 2.5-2.5-1.1192881-2.5-2.5 1.1192881-2.5 2.5-2.5zm9.5 0c1.3807119 0 2.5 1.1192881 2.5 2.5s-1.1192881 2.5-2.5 2.5-2.5-1.1192881-2.5-2.5 1.1192881-2.5 2.5-2.5z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->More</span> </a> </media-button> <!----> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </media-menu> <div class="right-side-section style-scope primary-nav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <a class="mobile-donate-link style-scope primary-nav" href="/donate/?origin=iawww-mbhrt"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="donateTitleID donateDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav"> <title id="donateTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Donate icon</title> <desc id="donateDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">An illustration of a heart shape</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope primary-nav" d="m32.6,8.12c-1.57,-1.51 -3.46,-2.21 -5.65,-2.11c-1,0.03 -2.14,0.51 -3.42,1.44c-1.28,0.92 -2.28,2.09 -3.03,3.51c-0.71,-1.41 -1.72,-2.59 -3,-3.51c-1.29,-0.93 -2.43,-1.41 -3.41,-1.44c-1.46,-0.07 -2.8,0.23 -4.02,0.88c-1.23,0.65 -2.21,1.6 -2.94,2.83c-0.74,1.24 -1.11,2.63 -1.12,4.17c-0.05,2.56 0.85,5.01 2.68,7.37c1.46,1.88 3.52,4.21 6.19,7.04c2.66,2.81 4.53,4.71 5.62,5.69c1,-0.88 2.85,-2.75 5.55,-5.6s4.81,-5.23 6.31,-7.13c1.81,-2.36 2.71,-4.81 2.66,-7.37c-0.04,-2.35 -0.83,-4.28 -2.4,-5.77z"></path> </svg> <span class="sr-only style-scope primary-nav">"Donate to the archive"</span> </a> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><div class="user-info style-scope primary-nav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <login-button class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope login-button-1"><!----> <div class="logged-out-toolbar style-scope login-button"> <a class="dropdown-toggle style-scope login-button" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavLoginIcon"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="userTitleID userDescID" class="style-scope login-button"> <title id="userTitleID" class="style-scope login-button">User icon</title> <desc id="userDescID" class="style-scope login-button">An illustration of a person's head and chest.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope login-button" d="m20.7130435 18.0434783c-3.5658385 0-6.4565218-2.9198821-6.4565218-6.5217392 0-3.60185703 2.8906833-6.5217391 6.4565218-6.5217391s6.4565217 2.91988207 6.4565217 6.5217391c0 3.6018571-2.8906832 6.5217392-6.4565217 6.5217392zm-12.9130435 16.9565217c0-7.9240855 5.7813665-14.3478261 12.9130435-14.3478261s12.9130435 6.4237406 12.9130435 14.3478261z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </a> <span class="style-scope login-button"> <a class="style-scope login-button" href="/account/signup">Sign up</a> | <a class="style-scope login-button" href="/account/login">Log in</a> </span> </div> </login-button> </div> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <a class="upload style-scope primary-nav" href="/create"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="uploadTitleID uploadDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav"> <title id="uploadTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Upload icon</title> <desc id="uploadDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">An illustration of a horizontal line over an up pointing arrow.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope primary-nav" d="m20 12.8 8 10.4h-4.8v8.8h-6.4v-8.8h-4.8zm12-4.8v3.2h-24v-3.2z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> <span class="style-scope primary-nav">Upload</span> </a> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <button class="search-trigger style-scope primary-nav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchOpen"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="searchTitleID searchDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav"> <title id="searchTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Search icon</title> <desc id="searchDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">An illustration of a magnifying glass.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope primary-nav" d="m32.4526364 29.8875889-8.1719472-7.9751279c1.1046135-1.4876138 1.7652549-3.3102407 1.7652549-5.2846451 0-.101185-.0142895-.1981539-.030573-.2944743.0166158-.0976175.0309053-.196208.0309053-.2990145 0-4.9814145-4.152935-9.0343271-9.2572866-9.0343271-.0907218 0-.1781206.01394537-.2655193.02594487-.0880633-.0119995-.1747974-.02594487-.2655193-.02594487-5.1046839 0-9.25761889 4.0529126-9.25761889 9.0343271 0 .1011849.01395722.1981539.03057294.2947985-.01694804.0976176-.03090525.1958838-.03090525.2986903 0 4.9814145 4.1526027 9.0346514 9.2572866 9.0346514.0907218 0 .1777882-.0139454.2658516-.0262692.0873987.0123238.1741328.0262692.265187.0262692 1.7306942 0 3.3467399-.4747911 4.7338208-1.2852439l8.2882574 8.0886366c.3652137.3564177.843082.53414 1.3212826.53414.4782007 0 .9567336-.1780467 1.3212827-.53414.7294304-.7118622.7294304-1.8660845-.0003323-2.5782711zm-15.9526364-7.8875889c-.0832667-.0118703-.1652765-.0253024-.2513711-.0253024-2.8781993 0-5.2197212-2.3278242-5.2197212-5.1891862 0-.0974612-.013197-.1908615-.0289077-.2836371.0160249-.0940251.0292219-.1889874.0292219-.2880105 0-2.861362 2.3418361-5.1891861 5.2200354-5.1891861.0854662 0 .1677902-.0131198.2510569-.0246777.0826383.0115579.1649623.0246777.2510569.0246777 2.8781993 0 5.2197212 2.3278241 5.2197212 5.1891861 0 .0974612.0135112.1908616.0289077.2839496-.0157107.0940251-.0295361.1886749-.0295361.287698 0 2.861362-2.3415219 5.1891862-5.2197212 5.1891862-.0860946 0-.1684187.0134321-.2507427.0253024z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </button> <nav-search class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope nav-search-1"><!----> <div class="search-activated fade-in search-inactive style-scope nav-search"> <form id="nav-search" class="highlight style-scope nav-search" method="get" action="/search" data-event-submit-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchSubmit"> <input type="text" name="query" class="search-field style-scope nav-search" placeholder="Search" autocomplete="off" value=""> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <button type="submit" class="search style-scope nav-search" tabindex="-1" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchClose"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="searchTitleID searchDescID" class="style-scope nav-search"> <title id="searchTitleID" class="style-scope nav-search">Search icon</title> <desc id="searchDescID" class="style-scope nav-search">An illustration of a magnifying glass.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope nav-search" d="m32.4526364 29.8875889-8.1719472-7.9751279c1.1046135-1.4876138 1.7652549-3.3102407 1.7652549-5.2846451 0-.101185-.0142895-.1981539-.030573-.2944743.0166158-.0976175.0309053-.196208.0309053-.2990145 0-4.9814145-4.152935-9.0343271-9.2572866-9.0343271-.0907218 0-.1781206.01394537-.2655193.02594487-.0880633-.0119995-.1747974-.02594487-.2655193-.02594487-5.1046839 0-9.25761889 4.0529126-9.25761889 9.0343271 0 .1011849.01395722.1981539.03057294.2947985-.01694804.0976176-.03090525.1958838-.03090525.2986903 0 4.9814145 4.1526027 9.0346514 9.2572866 9.0346514.0907218 0 .1777882-.0139454.2658516-.0262692.0873987.0123238.1741328.0262692.265187.0262692 1.7306942 0 3.3467399-.4747911 4.7338208-1.2852439l8.2882574 8.0886366c.3652137.3564177.843082.53414 1.3212826.53414.4782007 0 .9567336-.1780467 1.3212827-.53414.7294304-.7118622.7294304-1.8660845-.0003323-2.5782711zm-15.9526364-7.8875889c-.0832667-.0118703-.1652765-.0253024-.2513711-.0253024-2.8781993 0-5.2197212-2.3278242-5.2197212-5.1891862 0-.0974612-.013197-.1908615-.0289077-.2836371.0160249-.0940251.0292219-.1889874.0292219-.2880105 0-2.861362 2.3418361-5.1891861 5.2200354-5.1891861.0854662 0 .1677902-.0131198.2510569-.0246777.0826383.0115579.1649623.0246777.2510569.0246777 2.8781993 0 5.2197212 2.3278241 5.2197212 5.1891861 0 .0974612.0135112.1908616.0289077.2839496-.0157107.0940251-.0295361.1886749-.0295361.287698 0 2.861362-2.3415219 5.1891862-5.2197212 5.1891862-.0860946 0-.1684187.0134321-.2507427.0253024z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </button> </form> </div> </nav-search> </div> </nav> </primary-nav> <media-slider class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope media-slider-1" tabindex="-1"><!----> <div class="media-slider-container style-scope media-slider"> <div class="overflow-clip closed style-scope media-slider"> <div class="information-menu closed style-scope media-slider"> <div class="info-box style-scope media-slider"> <media-subnav menu="audio" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!----> <h3 class="style-scope media-subnav"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Internet Archive Audio</h3> <div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/etree" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|LiveMusicArchiveAudio"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/etree"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Live Music Archive</a> <!----><!----> <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/librivoxaudio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|LibrivoxFreeAudioAudio"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/librivoxaudio"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Librivox Free Audio</a> <!----> </div> <div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/audio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllAudioAudio"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->All Audio</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/GratefulDead" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|GratefulDeadAudio"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Grateful Dead</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/netlabels" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NetlabelsAudio"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Netlabels</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/oldtimeradio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OldTimeRadioAudio"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Old Time Radio</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/78rpm" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|78RPMsAndCylinderRecordingsAudio"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->78 RPMs and Cylinder Recordings</a></li> <!----> </ul> </div> <div class="links top style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/audio_bookspoetry" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AudioBooks&amp;PoetryAudio"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Audio Books &amp; Poetry</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/audio_tech" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Computers,TechnologyAndScienceAudio"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Computers, Technology and Science</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/audio_music" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Music,Arts&amp;CultureAudio"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Music, Arts &amp; Culture</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/audio_news" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|News&amp;PublicAffairsAudio"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->News &amp; Public Affairs</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/audio_religion" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Spirituality&amp;ReligionAudio"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Spirituality &amp; Religion</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/podcasts" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|PodcastsAudio"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Podcasts</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/radio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|RadioNewsArchiveAudio"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Radio News Archive</a></li> <!----> </ul> </div> </media-subnav> <media-subnav menu="images" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!----> <h3 class="style-scope media-subnav"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Images</h3> <div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/metropolitanmuseumofart-gallery" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MetropolitanMuseumImages"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/metropolitanmuseumofart-gallery"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Metropolitan Museum</a> <!----><!----> <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/clevelandart" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ClevelandMuseumOfArtImages"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/clevelandart"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Cleveland Museum of Art</a> <!----> </div> <div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/image" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllImagesImages"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->All Images</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/flickrcommons" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|FlickrCommonsImages"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Flickr Commons</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/flickr-ows" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OccupyWallStreetFlickrImages"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Occupy Wall Street Flickr</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/coverartarchive" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CoverArtImages"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Cover Art</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/maps_usgs" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|USGSMapsImages"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->USGS Maps</a></li> <!----> </ul> </div> <div class="links top style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/nasa" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NASAImagesImages"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->NASA Images</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/solarsystemcollection" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SolarSystemCollectionImages"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Solar System Collection</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/amesresearchcenterimagelibrary" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AmesResearchCenterImages"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Ames Research Center</a></li> <!----> </ul> </div> </media-subnav> <media-subnav menu="software" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!----> <h3 class="style-scope media-subnav"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Software</h3> <div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/internetarcade" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|InternetArcadeSoftware"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/internetarcade"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Internet Arcade</a> <!----><!----> <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/consolelivingroom" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ConsoleLivingRoomSoftware"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/consolelivingroom"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Console Living Room</a> <!----> </div> <div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/software" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllSoftwareSoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->All Software</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/tosec" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OldSchoolEmulationSoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Old School Emulation</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/softwarelibrary_msdos_games" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MS-DOSGamesSoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->MS-DOS Games</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/historicalsoftware" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|HistoricalSoftwareSoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Historical Software</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/classicpcgames" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ClassicPCGamesSoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Classic PC Games</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/softwarelibrary" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SoftwareLibrarySoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Software Library</a></li> <!----> </ul> </div> <div class="links top style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/kodi_archive" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|KodiArchiveAndSupportFileSoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Kodi Archive and Support File</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/vintagesoftware" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|VintageSoftwareSoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Vintage Software</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/apkarchive" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|APKSoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->APK</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/softwarelibrary_msdos" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MS-DOSSoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->MS-DOS</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/cd-roms" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CD-ROMSoftwareSoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->CD-ROM Software</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/cdromsoftware" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CD-ROMSoftwareLibrarySoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->CD-ROM Software Library</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/softwaresites" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SoftwareSitesSoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Software Sites</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/tucows" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TucowsSoftwareLibrarySoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Tucows Software Library</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/cdbbsarchive" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SharewareCD-ROMsSoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Shareware CD-ROMs</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/softwarecapsules" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SoftwareCapsulesCompilationSoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Software Capsules Compilation</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/cdromimages" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CD-ROMImagesSoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->CD-ROM Images</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/softwarelibrary_zx_spectrum" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ZXSpectrumSoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->ZX Spectrum</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/doom-cds" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|DOOMLevelCDSoftware"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->DOOM Level CD</a></li> <!----> </ul> </div> </media-subnav> <media-subnav menu="texts" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!----> <h3 class="style-scope media-subnav"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Texts</h3> <div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://openlibrary.org/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OpenLibraryTexts"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/images/widgetOL.png"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Open Library</a> <!----><!----> <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/americana" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AmericanLibrariesTexts"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/americana"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->American Libraries</a> <!----> </div> <div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/texts" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllTextsTexts"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->All Texts</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/smithsonian" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SmithsonianLibrariesTexts"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Smithsonian Libraries</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/fedlink" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|FEDLINK(US)Texts"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->FEDLINK (US)</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/genealogy" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|GenealogyTexts"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Genealogy</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/lincolncollection" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|LincolnCollectionTexts"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Lincoln Collection</a></li> <!----> </ul> </div> <div class="links top style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/americana" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AmericanLibrariesTexts"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->American Libraries</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/toronto" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CanadianLibrariesTexts"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Canadian Libraries</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/universallibrary" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|UniversalLibraryTexts"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Universal Library</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/gutenberg" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ProjectGutenbergTexts"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Project Gutenberg</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/iacl" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Children'sLibraryTexts"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Children's Library</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/biodiversity" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|BiodiversityHeritageLibraryTexts"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Biodiversity Heritage Library</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/booksbylanguage" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|BooksByLanguageTexts"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Books by Language</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/additional_collections" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AdditionalCollectionsTexts"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Additional Collections</a></li> <!----> </ul> </div> </media-subnav> <media-subnav menu="video" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!----> <h3 class="style-scope media-subnav"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Video</h3> <div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/tv" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TVNewsVideo"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/tv"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->TV News</a> <!----><!----> <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/911" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Understanding9/11Video"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/911"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Understanding 9/11</a> <!----> </div> <div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/movies" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllVideoVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->All Video</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/prelinger" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|PrelingerArchivesVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Prelinger Archives</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/democracy_now_vid" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|DemocracyNow!Video"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Democracy Now!</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/occupywallstreet" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OccupyWallStreetVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Occupy Wall Street</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/nsa" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TVNSAClipLibraryVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->TV NSA Clip Library</a></li> <!----> </ul> </div> <div class="links top style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/animationandcartoons" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Animation&amp;CartoonsVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Animation &amp; Cartoons</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/artsandmusicvideos" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Arts&amp;MusicVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Arts &amp; Music</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/computersandtechvideos" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Computers&amp;TechnologyVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Computers &amp; Technology</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/culturalandacademicfilms" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Cultural&amp;AcademicFilmsVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Cultural &amp; Academic Films</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/ephemera" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|EphemeralFilmsVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Ephemeral Films</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/moviesandfilms" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MoviesVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Movies</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/newsandpublicaffairs" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|News&amp;PublicAffairsVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->News &amp; Public Affairs</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/spiritualityandreligion" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Spirituality&amp;ReligionVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Spirituality &amp; Religion</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/sports" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SportsVideosVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Sports Videos</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/television" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TelevisionVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Television</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/gamevideos" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|VideogameVideosVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Videogame Videos</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/vlogs" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|VlogsVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Vlogs</a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/youth_media" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|YouthMediaVideo"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Youth Media</a></li> <!----> </ul> </div> </media-subnav> <media-subnav menu="web" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!----> <wayback-slider class="style-scope media-subnav x-scope wayback-slider-1"><!----> <div class="grid style-scope wayback-slider"> <wayback-search class="style-scope wayback-slider x-scope wayback-search-1" waybackpagesarchived="916 billion"><!----> <form action="" method="post" class="style-scope wayback-search"> <p class="style-scope wayback-search"> Search the history of over <!--?lit$8616686931$-->916 billion <a data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackMachineStatsLink" href="https://blog.archive.org/2016/10/23/defining-web-pages-web-sites-and-web-captures/" class="style-scope wayback-search">web pages</a> on the Internet. </p> <fieldset class="style-scope wayback-search"> <a data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackMachineLogoLink" href="https://web.archive.org" class="style-scope wayback-search"><!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg height="55" viewBox="0 0 205 55" width="205" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="style-scope wayback-search"><g fill="none" class="style-scope wayback-search"><path d="m41.5442526 5.47625158v36.05869762s-.0825635.8039669.6808836.8039669c.7634442 0 .5779563-.8039669.5779563-.8039669v-36.05869762h5.4674088l.0001982 44.76728562c.0070059.1547261.1602174 4.7191467-6.1484876 4.7191467-6.1999371 0-6.1018528-4.697561-6.0880787-5.0160398l.0008628-1.7899844h5.5092566l.0006247 1.8215446c.0064131.111431.0698016.5292973.6598981.5292973.6808836 0 .5564693-.5981684.5564693-.5981684v-4.3726361s-.9489378 1.6294184-3.4044061 1.2370455c-2.4554712-.39237-2.8060919-1.8148639-2.9712219-2.4967105-.1651328-.6795829-.2680542-1.174855-.2680542-2.0625 0-.8599178-.0383122-34.61864321-.0406109-36.64339281l-.0001077-.09488771zm30.6351382 1.09344342c6.9117365 0 6.7805382 5.4445918 6.7805382 5.4445918v39.5210721h-5.7365952v-1.1522413s-2.086754 2.4978424-5.1507198.8955592c-3.0650979-1.6011513-2.5436924-5.1879097-2.5436924-5.1879097l.0000351-8.8028589c.0025794-.2398669.0684122-2.0251881 1.4352444-3.3674745 1.4669498-1.4405832 3.4553051-1.2178245 3.4553051-1.2178245h2.5425603v-20.4327721s-.0656021-.8966882-.7170766-.8966882c-.6526037 0-.6854033.9566179-.6854033.9566179v16.080489h-6.030665l-.0005626-16.2852138c-.0087587-.3366877-.0366527-5.555347 6.6510318-5.555347zm28.5031432-6.569695v31.41468l.711418.0192211c.593792 0 .593792-.4941403.593792-.4941403v-24.86759869h5.897202v21.90049339s.079171 1.404399-.791723 2.512539c-.870895 1.1081429-1.820962 1.1477197-1.820962 1.1477197s.989654.3946337 1.860548 1.4439758c.870894 1.0482132.791724 2.4921889.791724 2.4921889v14.4024477h-5.936789l-.000309-13.3243353c-.002165-.043998-.019484-.2297601-.158037-.3860879-.158343-.1775284-.277102-.1775284-.277102-.1775284h-.890123v13.8879516h-5.8180296v-49.9715266zm-14.2340414 8.02384579c5.9675612 0 6.2060902 4.59291681 6.2148001 5.06804611l.0002664 15.2041578h-5.556805v-15.4269123s-.0531603-.5009227-.6062332-.5009227c-.5519582 0-.5790885.42064-.5790885.42064v32.2254321s.079173.4477782.6582614.4477782c.4900102 0 .5467595-.3205986.552623-.4192443l.00045-8.2163433h5.4775891l.000339 7.8754281c.0126595.1654646.3391417 5.1294029-6.0570166 5.1294029-6.504565 0-6.1358477-5.1867779-6.1358477-5.1867779l-.0006428-31.5032204c-.0096883-.3249184-.0495263-5.11746431 6.0313048-5.11746431zm-73.7580006-5.70016816v42.49270187h.5575988s.2081099.2374581.5010473-.0554082.1956685-.3901121.1956685-.3901121v-42.04605262l5.7004019.00115789.0007682 41.01721663c.015678.1470376.248026 2.5994908-1.4903372 4.3374305-1.792686 1.7922473-4.4053704 1.6101973-4.4053704 1.6101973h-7.83579091s-2.61381542.18205-4.40650134-1.6101973c-1.79268592-1.7922503-1.48843833-4.344369-1.48843833-4.344369v-41.01027813l5.69927118-.00115789v42.04605262s-.09726862.0972458.19566849.3901121c.29293741.2928663.50217829.0554082.50217829.0554082h.55646783v-42.49270187zm44.8442957-.59701342s2.8128759.11081342 4.2515488 1.54913579 1.3572386 4.52302632 1.3572386 4.52302632v20.17269738s.1085791 1.6825658-.8324397 2.4967105c-.9410187.8141447-1.5743967.9950658-1.5743967.9950658s1.0495978.5789474 1.6105898 1.3026316c.5609919.7236842.7419571 1.3930921.7419571 2.3881579l.0007115 7.6426204c.0126941.1435677.1783816 2.2493941-.8874408 3.6468533-1.1038873 1.4473684-2.4430294 2.1348684-5.2298927 2.1348684h-6.4604558v-46.85176739zm14.5337626 35.74095399s-.1673942-.0203558-.3777654.1843136c-.2092421.2069274-.1459043.3301795-.1459043.3301795v8.4524058s.1673942.4523026.7329089.4523026c.5643854 0 .648084-.4523026.648084-.4523026v-8.9465489zm-44.3104484-34.72101373c5.9643432 0 6.16707 4.5349604 6.1720848 5.00409423l-.0000412 36.6461958h-5.2231058v-1.0674342s-1.8990049 2.3135258-4.6881295.8299731c-2.7891246-1.4824208-2.3140925-4.8057147-2.3140925-4.8057147l.0000416-8.1558683c.0025667-.229176.064831-1.8776574 1.3051717-3.1166422 1.3357486-1.3354261 3.1454001-1.1273669 3.1454001-1.1273669h2.3140896v-18.92660288s-.0588122-.831105-.6526037-.831105-.6232005.88538132-.6232005.88538132v14.89545606h-5.4888988l-.0005553-15.08585244c-.0080458-.3266358-.0237133-5.14451389 6.0538395-5.14451389zm28.932117 33.13115253-.4776089-.0000064v8.3947599h.705764c.5067025 0 .560992-.7236842.560992-.7236842v-6.712171c0-.9769737-.7962466-.9589047-.7962466-.9589047zm-29.0339092-4.5105709s-.1526883-.0203529-.3438338.1707431c-.1900134.191099-.1323304.305305-.1323304.305305v7.8282282s.1515591.419511.6661776.419511c.5146186 0 .5915302-.419511.5915302-.419511v-8.2861842zm29.0087131-25.54039926c-.6808813 0-.5443092.01385177-.4995274.01731471l.0109215.0007774v25.52796055s1.3391421.1085526 1.3391421-1.3569079v-23.35690792s.1085791-.83223684-.8505362-.83223684z" fill="#ab2e33" class="style-scope wayback-search"></path><path d="m164.347608 2.25946661v7.4442539c.21729-.35229187 1.198489-1.67028746 3.735798-1.67028746 3.534354 0 3.281982 3.91684325 3.281982 3.91684325v39.9180342h-3.988173l-.000094-38.4191634c-.002249-.1296195-.058484-1.7498629-1.464346-1.7498629-1.087582 0-1.450864.5267465-1.565167 1.1683005v39.1020256h-4.190748v-49.71014369zm23.367699 5.4959617c3.58528 0 3.32838 3.94160559 3.32838 3.94160559v40.1712766h-4.045888l-.000761-38.6884533c-.008742-.2394578-.118025-1.7360686-1.484053-1.7360686-1.103423 0-1.471231.5301234-1.587799 1.1750516v39.3496435h-4.250729v-43.92154285h4.250729v1.38890288c.220685-.35566881 1.216596-1.68041542 3.790121-1.68041542zm11.392998-.52112204c6.124855 0 5.736674 5.39691513 5.736674 5.39691513v24.2844279h-7.17056l.000077 9.2728055c.001997 1.1852594.055922 2.3291557 1.511897 2.3291557 1.511974 0 1.588933-1.3483852 1.588933-1.3483852v-6.1679026h4.108134l-.00035 5.6892637c-.01289 1.7887967-.410235 4.8333128-5.736327 4.8333128-5.22451 0-5.490421-3.8596058-5.502952-4.1455025l-.000589-34.6706379s-.65866-5.47345253 5.465063-5.47345253zm-72.839588-6.23430627c4.55044 0 4.748706 4.49835393 4.756437 5.01739476l.000233 44.68489444h-4.246265l-.000015-45.39546442c-.001065-.11122824-.038841-1.27912478-1.155468-1.27912478-.689016 0-1.239407-.0003988-1.575847-.00072723l-.366181-.00042531v46.67574174h-4.288077v-46.69262361h-1.942025c-1.0608 0-1.147931 1.05402663-1.154906 1.2547936l-.00058 45.43783001h-4.296023l.000269-45.03840883c.008379-.46638804.223774-4.66388037 5.263374-4.66388037zm12.746531 4.73059864c5.939252 0 5.529572 4.80151166 5.529572 4.80151166v39.1864407h-3.791254v-1.7040541s-.748065 1.776088-2.920962 1.8481219-4.418224-.1913422-4.418224-3.9371049l.000537-10.0356421c.009666-.3007246.1911-3.4583326 3.548528-3.4583326h3.5253l-.000596-22.2422593c-.009853-.1121552-.157986-1.45801702-1.592862-1.45801702-1.497271 0-1.484813 1.94491522-1.484813 1.94491522v17.4051907h-3.99949l-.000952-17.7112484c-.014831-.304231-.125641-4.63952176 5.605216-4.63952176zm12.457944.74622797c5.704988 0 5.452616 4.56852529 5.452616 4.56852529v16.2188817h-3.836522v-16.7703934s-.202578-1.40578478-1.51537-1.40578478c-1.193447 0-1.427274 1.16180558-1.459925 1.37304298l-.004518.0327418v32.5368129c0 .9038006.353096 1.9584201 1.565167 1.9584201 1.212068 0 1.363719-1.3551363 1.363719-1.3551363v-9.239474h3.786725l.000848 7.3579585c.013087 2.5821014.10472 5.9480539-5.301813 5.9480539-5.604264 0-5.201371-4.7699955-5.201371-4.7699955l-.000475-31.3866454c-.017056-.171763-.453979-5.06700779 5.150919-5.06700779zm26.215101 3.66584829v37.0051649h-3.533221v-37.0051649zm-37.199548 25.1702202h-1.714552s-.530775.0720339-.917823.4558391c-.385924.3838082-.409681.9848389-.409681.9848389v8.5236357s.096195 1.56111 1.568559 1.56111c1.473497 0 1.473497-1.6095052 1.473497-1.6095052zm58.697648-25.2264959c-1.433886 0-1.511974 1.7344408-1.511974 1.7344408v21.9725922h3.100907v-22.1256642s-.155047-1.5813688-1.588933-1.5813688zm-23.264712-5.31700073c1.129455 0 2.045015.68657238 2.045015 1.53184407 0 .84639831-.91556 1.53184695-2.045015 1.53184695s-2.045012-.68544864-2.045012-1.53184695c0-.84527169.915557-1.53184407 2.045012-1.53184407z" fill="#211e1e" class="style-scope wayback-search"></path></g></svg> </a> <label for="url" class="style-scope wayback-search">Search the Wayback Machine</label> <div class="search-field style-scope wayback-search"> <input type="text" name="url" id="url" placeholder="enter URL or keywords" class="style-scope wayback-search"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="searchTitleID searchDescID" class="style-scope wayback-search"> <title id="searchTitleID" class="style-scope wayback-search">Search icon</title> <desc id="searchDescID" class="style-scope wayback-search">An illustration of a magnifying glass.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope wayback-search" d="m32.4526364 29.8875889-8.1719472-7.9751279c1.1046135-1.4876138 1.7652549-3.3102407 1.7652549-5.2846451 0-.101185-.0142895-.1981539-.030573-.2944743.0166158-.0976175.0309053-.196208.0309053-.2990145 0-4.9814145-4.152935-9.0343271-9.2572866-9.0343271-.0907218 0-.1781206.01394537-.2655193.02594487-.0880633-.0119995-.1747974-.02594487-.2655193-.02594487-5.1046839 0-9.25761889 4.0529126-9.25761889 9.0343271 0 .1011849.01395722.1981539.03057294.2947985-.01694804.0976176-.03090525.1958838-.03090525.2986903 0 4.9814145 4.1526027 9.0346514 9.2572866 9.0346514.0907218 0 .1777882-.0139454.2658516-.0262692.0873987.0123238.1741328.0262692.265187.0262692 1.7306942 0 3.3467399-.4747911 4.7338208-1.2852439l8.2882574 8.0886366c.3652137.3564177.843082.53414 1.3212826.53414.4782007 0 .9567336-.1780467 1.3212827-.53414.7294304-.7118622.7294304-1.8660845-.0003323-2.5782711zm-15.9526364-7.8875889c-.0832667-.0118703-.1652765-.0253024-.2513711-.0253024-2.8781993 0-5.2197212-2.3278242-5.2197212-5.1891862 0-.0974612-.013197-.1908615-.0289077-.2836371.0160249-.0940251.0292219-.1889874.0292219-.2880105 0-2.861362 2.3418361-5.1891861 5.2200354-5.1891861.0854662 0 .1677902-.0131198.2510569-.0246777.0826383.0115579.1649623.0246777.2510569.0246777 2.8781993 0 5.2197212 2.3278241 5.2197212 5.1891861 0 .0974612.0135112.1908616.0289077.2839496-.0157107.0940251-.0295361.1886749-.0295361.287698 0 2.861362-2.3415219 5.1891862-5.2197212 5.1891862-.0860946 0-.1684187.0134321-.2507427.0253024z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </div> </fieldset> </form> </wayback-search> <div class="link-lists style-scope wayback-slider"> <div class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <h4 class="style-scope wayback-slider">Mobile Apps</h4> <ul class="mobile-apps style-scope wayback-slider"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wayback-machine/id1201888313" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackWaybackMachine(iOS)" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Wayback Machine (iOS)</a> </li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.archive.waybackmachine&amp;hl=en_US" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackWaybackMachine(Android)" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Wayback Machine (Android)</a> </li><!----> </ul> <h4 class="style-scope wayback-slider">Browser Extensions</h4> <ul class="browser-extensions style-scope wayback-slider"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/wayback-machine/fpnmgdkabkmnadcjpehmlllkndpkmiak" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackChrome" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Chrome</a> </li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/wayback-machine_new/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackFirefox" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Firefox</a> </li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wayback-machine/id1472432422?mt=12" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackSafari" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Safari</a> </li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://microsoftedge.microsoft.com/addons/detail/wayback-machine/kjmickeoogghaimmomagaghnogelpcpn?hl=en-US" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackEdge" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Edge</a> </li><!----> </ul> </div> <div class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <h4 class="style-scope wayback-slider">Archive-It Subscription</h4> <ul class="archive-it style-scope wayback-slider"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://www.archive-it.org/explore" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ArchiveItExploreTheCollections" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Explore the Collections</a> </li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://www.archive-it.org/blog/learn-more/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ArchiveItLearnMore" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Learn More</a> </li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://www.archive-it.org/contact-us" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ArchiveItBuildCollections" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Build Collections</a> </li><!----> </ul> </div> </div> <save-page-form class="style-scope wayback-slider x-scope save-page-form-1"><!----> <form action="//web.archive.org/save" method="post" class="style-scope save-page-form" data-event-submit-tracking="TopNav|SavePageSubmit"> <h3 class="style-scope save-page-form">Save Page Now</h3> <p class="style-scope save-page-form">Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future.</p> <div class="style-scope save-page-form"> <input type="text" name="url_preload" placeholder="https://" class="style-scope save-page-form"> <input type="submit" value="Save" class="style-scope save-page-form"> </div> <p class="error style-scope save-page-form">Please enter a valid web address</p> </form> </save-page-form> </div> </wayback-slider></media-subnav> <media-subnav menu="more" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"><!----> <more-slider class="style-scope media-subnav x-scope more-slider-1"><!----> <ul class="style-scope more-slider"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="/about/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreAbout"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->About</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://blog.archive.org" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreBlog"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Blog</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="/projects/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreProjects"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Projects</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="/about/faqs.php" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreHelp"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Help</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="/donate?origin=iawww-TopNavDonateButton" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreDonate"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Donate</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="/about/contact.php" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreContact"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Contact</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="/about/jobs.php" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreJobs"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Jobs</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="/about/volunteerpositions.php" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreVolunteer"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Volunteer</a></li><!----><!----><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="/about/bios.php" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMorePeople"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->People</a></li><!----> </ul> </more-slider></media-subnav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </media-slider> </div> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <signed-out-dropdown class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope signed-out-dropdown-1" tabindex="-1"><!----> <div class="nav-container style-scope signed-out-dropdown"> <nav class="initial style-scope signed-out-dropdown" aria-hidden="true" aria-expanded="false"> <ul class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <li class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown"><!--?lit$8616686931$--><a class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown" href="/account/signup" tabindex="-1" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavAvatarMenu-Signup"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <!--?lit$8616686931$-->Sign up for free <!--?lit$8616686931$--> </a></li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown"><!--?lit$8616686931$--><a class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown" href="/account/login" tabindex="-1" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavAvatarMenu-Login"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--> <!--?lit$8616686931$-->Log in <!--?lit$8616686931$--> </a></li> <!----> </ul> </nav> </div> </signed-out-dropdown> <search-menu class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope search-menu-1" tabindex="-1"><!----> <div class="menu-wrapper style-scope search-menu"> <div class="search-menu-inner tx-slide closed style-scope search-menu" aria-hidden="true" aria-expanded="false"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <label class="style-scope search-menu"> <input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="" checked=""> Search <!--?lit$8616686931$-->metadata </label> <!----><!----> <label class="style-scope search-menu"> <input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="TXT"> Search <!--?lit$8616686931$-->text contents </label> <!----><!----> <label class="style-scope search-menu"> <input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="TV"> Search <!--?lit$8616686931$-->TV news captions </label> <!----><!----> <label class="style-scope search-menu"> <input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="RADIO"> Search <!--?lit$8616686931$-->radio transcripts </label> <!----><!----> <label class="style-scope search-menu"> <input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="WEB"> Search <!--?lit$8616686931$-->archived web sites </label> <!----> <a class="advanced-search style-scope search-menu" href="/advancedsearch.php" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavAdvancedSearch">Advanced Search</a> </div> </div> </search-menu> <desktop-subnav class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope desktop-subnav-1"><!----> <ul class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <!--?lit$8616686931$--><!----> <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="about style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->About<!--?lit$8616686931$--><!--?--></a> </li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="blog style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://blog.archive.org"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Blog<!--?lit$8616686931$--><!--?--></a> </li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="projects style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/projects/"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Projects<!--?lit$8616686931$--><!--?--></a> </li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="help style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/faqs.php"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Help<!--?lit$8616686931$--><!--?--></a> </li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="donate style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/donate?origin=iawww-TopNavDonateButton"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Donate<!--?lit$8616686931$--> <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="donateTitleID donateDescID" class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <title id="donateTitleID" class="style-scope desktop-subnav">Donate icon</title> <desc id="donateDescID" class="style-scope desktop-subnav">An illustration of a heart shape</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope desktop-subnav" d="m30.0120362 11.0857287c-1.2990268-1.12627221-2.8599641-1.65258786-4.682812-1.57894699-.8253588.02475323-1.7674318.3849128-2.8262192 1.08047869-1.0587873.6955659-1.89622 1.5724492-2.512298 2.63065-.591311-1.0588196-1.4194561-1.9357029-2.4844351-2.63065-1.0649791-.69494706-2.0039563-1.05510663-2.8169316-1.08047869-1.2067699-.04950647-2.318187.17203498-3.3342513.66462439-1.0160643.4925893-1.82594378 1.2002224-2.42963831 2.1228992-.60369453.9226769-.91173353 1.9629315-.92411701 3.1207641-.03715043 1.9202322.70183359 3.7665141 2.21695202 5.5388457 1.2067699 1.4035084 2.912594 3.1606786 5.1174721 5.2715107 2.2048782 2.1108321 3.7565279 3.5356901 4.6549492 4.2745742.8253588-.6646243 2.355647-2.0647292 4.5908647-4.2003145s3.9747867-3.9171994 5.218707-5.3448422c1.502735-1.7723316 2.2355273-3.6186135 2.1983769-5.5388457-.0256957-1.7608832-.6875926-3.2039968-1.9866194-4.3302689z"></path> </svg> </a> </li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="contact style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/contact.php"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Contact<!--?lit$8616686931$--><!--?--></a> </li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="jobs style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/jobs.php"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Jobs<!--?lit$8616686931$--><!--?--></a> </li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="volunteer style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/volunteerpositions.php"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->Volunteer<!--?lit$8616686931$--><!--?--></a> </li> <!----><!----> <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="people style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/bios.php"><!--?lit$8616686931$-->People<!--?lit$8616686931$--><!--?--></a> </li> <!----> </ul> </desktop-subnav> <div id="close-layer" class="style-scope ia-topnav"></div> </ia-topnav> </div> <input class="js-tvsearch" type="hidden" value='{"ands":[],"minday":"06/04/2009","maxday":"11/27/2024"}'/> <!-- Begin page content --> <main id="maincontent"> <div class="container container-ia"> <div style="text-align:center"> <h3>Curated research library of TV news clips regarding the NSA, its oversight and privacy issues, 2009-2014</h3> <p> Click "More / Share / Borrow" for each clip's source context and citation link. <a href="https://www.w3.org/html/wiki/FAQs#What_is_HTML5.3F"> <img src="/serve/images/HTML5_Logo_32.png" alt="HTML5 compatible browser required" title="HTML5 compatible browser required"> </a> </p> <p> Primary curation &amp; research: Robin Chin, Internet Archive TV News Researcher; using <a href="https://archive.org/tv">Internet Archive TV News</a> service. </p> </div> <section id="query"> <form method="get" action="/details/nsa"><input type="text" name="query" placeholder="Your query" value=""/> <input type="submit"/></form> </section> <section id="content"> <div id="speakers"> <h1>Speakers</h1> <ul id="speaklist"> <li><a href="/details/nsa" id="reset"><em>Reset Search</em></a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=0">0 (2783)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Alex Abdo">Alex Abdo (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jill Abramson">Jill Abramson (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Spencer Ackerman">Spencer Ackerman (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Erin Ade">Erin Ade (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jessica Aguirre">Jessica Aguirre (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Peter Alexander">Peter Alexander (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Keith Alexander">Keith Alexander (61)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Shirleen Allicot">Shirleen Allicot (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Justin Amash">Justin Amash (8)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Wyatt Andrews">Wyatt Andrews (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Julia Angwin">Julia Angwin (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=C-SPAN Announcer">C-SPAN Announcer (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Michael Arrington">Michael Arrington (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Dan Ashley">Dan Ashley (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Nihad Awad">Nihad Awad (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Michele Bachmannn">Michele Bachmannn (11)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Bret Baer">Bret Baer (6)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Peter Baker">Peter Baker (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Brooke Baldwin">Brooke Baldwin (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=James Bamford">James Bamford (7)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Dean Baquet">Dean Baquet (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Maria Bartiromo">Maria Bartiromo (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Devin Bartlett">Devin Bartlett (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Joe Barton">Joe Barton (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Paul Beban">Paul Beban (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Myron Belkind">Myron Belkind (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=John Berman">John Berman (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jonathan Betz">Jonathan Betz (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Wolf Biltzer">Wolf Biltzer (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=William Binney">William Binney (8)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jim Bitterman">Jim Bitterman (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Dennis Blair">Dennis Blair (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Wolf Blitzer">Wolf Blitzer (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Richard Blumenthal">Richard Blumenthal (10)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=John Boehner">John Boehner (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Eric Bolling">Eric Bolling (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=John Bolton">John Bolton (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Julia Boorstin">Julia Boorstin (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Julie Borowski">Julie Borowski (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Rachel Brand">Rachel Brand (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Greta Brawner">Greta Brawner (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=John Brennan">John Brennan (20)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Judge Vernon Broderick">Judge Vernon Broderick (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=David Brooks">David Brooks (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Pam Brown">Pam Brown (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=David Buckley">David Buckley (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Erin Burnett">Erin Burnett (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Richard Burr">Richard Burr (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=George W. Bush">George W. Bush (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=George W Bush">George W Bush (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Nancy Calo">Nancy Calo (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=David Cameron">David Cameron (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jonathan Capehart">Jonathan Capehart (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Andrew Card">Andrew Card (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Nate Cardozo">Nate Cardozo (10)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Richelle Carey">Richelle Carey (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Tucker Carlson">Tucker Carlson (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jay Carney">Jay Carney (6)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ben Carson">Ben Carson (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Cheryl Casone">Cheryl Casone (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Lincoln Chafee">Lincoln Chafee (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jason Chaffetz">Jason Chaffetz (8)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Saxby Chambliss">Saxby Chambliss (13)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Emily Chang">Emily Chang (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Joie Chen">Joie Chen (8)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney (10)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Heather Childers">Heather Childers (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Chris Christie">Chris Christie (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=James Clapper (quoted)">James Clapper (quoted) (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=James Clapper">James Clapper (39)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Tim Clemente">Tim Clemente (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Cindy Cohn">Cindy Cohn (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=James Cole">James Cole (35)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Susan Collins">Susan Collins (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Elisebeth Collins">Elisebeth Collins (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=James Comey">James Comey (19)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=John Conyers">John Conyers (29)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Tim Cook">Tim Cook (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Peter Cook">Peter Cook (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Christopher Coons">Christopher Coons (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Anderson Cooper">Anderson Cooper (22)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Bob Corker">Bob Corker (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Marcia Coyle">Marcia Coyle (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jan Crawford">Jan Crawford (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Susan Crawford">Susan Crawford (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Candy Crowley">Candy Crowley (11)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Elijah Cummings">Elijah Cummings (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Chris Cuomo">Chris Cuomo (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Judge Jos&eacute; Lu&iacute;s da Cruz Vila&ccedil;a">Judge Jos茅 Lu铆s da Cruz Vila莽a (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Scott Dadich">Scott Dadich (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Shasta Darlington">Shasta Darlington (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Robert Deitz">Robert Deitz (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=John Delong">John Delong (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ryan Devereaux">Ryan Devereaux (6)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Sarah Dollof">Sarah Dollof (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Peter Doocy">Peter Doocy (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Herbert Douglas">Herbert Douglas (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Thomas Drake">Thomas Drake (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Thomas Drayton">Thomas Drayton (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jeff Duncan">Jeff Duncan (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Aurore Cloe Dupuis">Aurore Cloe Dupuis (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Dick Durbin">Dick Durbin (11)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Josh Earnest">Josh Earnest (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Pedro Echevarria">Pedro Echevarria (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Daniel Ellsberg">Daniel Ellsberg (28)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Mike Emanuel">Mike Emanuel (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Mike Emmanuel">Mike Emmanuel (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Eliot Engel">Eliot Engel (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Josh Ernest">Josh Ernest (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=David Faber">David Faber (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ronan Farrow">Ronan Farrow (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Harris Faulkner">Harris Faulkner (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Russ Feingold">Russ Feingold (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Dianne Feinstein (quoted)">Dianne Feinstein (quoted) (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Dianne Feinstein">Dianne Feinstein (101)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jeff Flake">Jeff Flake (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Michel Flynn">Michel Flynn (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Stephane Le Foll">Stephane Le Foll (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Randy Forbes">Randy Forbes (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Anna (no last name found)">Anna (no last name found) (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Pimm Fox">Pimm Fox (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Virginia Foxx">Virginia Foxx (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Al Franken">Al Franken (10)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Tulsi Gabbard">Tulsi Gabbard (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ryan Gallagher">Ryan Gallagher (15)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Michael Gargiulo">Michael Gargiulo (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Robert Gates">Robert Gates (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Willie Geist">Willie Geist (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Barton Gellman">Barton Gellman (33)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Asim Ghafoor">Asim Ghafoor (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Susie Gharib">Susie Gharib (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Faisal Gill">Faisal Gill (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Richard Gizbert">Richard Gizbert (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Genie Godula">Genie Godula (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Brent Goff">Brent Goff (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Louie Gohmert">Louie Gohmert (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jack Goldsmith">Jack Goldsmith (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Alberto Gonzales">Alberto Gonzales (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Bob Goodlatte">Bob Goodlatte (7)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Amy Goodman">Amy Goodman (32)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Siobhan Gorman">Siobhan Gorman (6)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Trey Gowdy">Trey Gowdy (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Chuck Grassley">Chuck Grassley (10)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Alan Grayson">Alan Grayson (9)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Karen Greenberg">Karen Greenberg (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Glenn Greenwald (quoted)">Glenn Greenwald (quoted) (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Glenn Greenwald">Glenn Greenwald (94)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Evan Greer">Evan Greer (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=David Gregory">David Gregory (14)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Michelle Griego">Michelle Griego (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Morgan Griffith">Morgan Griffith (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Tameron Hall">Tameron Hall (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Sean Hannity">Sean Hannity (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Luke Harding">Luke Harding (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jane Harmon">Jane Harmon (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Tony Harris">Tony Harris (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Katherine Hawkins">Katherine Hawkins (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Michael Hayden">Michael Hayden (11)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Chris Hayes">Chris Hayes (8)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Martin Heinrich">Martin Heinrich (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ed Henry">Ed Henry (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Sue Herera">Sue Herera (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Catherine Herridge">Catherine Herridge (13)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Parker Higgins">Parker Higgins (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Mazie Hirono">Mazie Hirono (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Simon Hobbs">Simon Hobbs (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Eric Holder">Eric Holder (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Kwame Holman">Kwame Holman (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Michael Holmes">Michael Holmes (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Rush Holt">Rush Holt (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Mike Honda">Mike Honda (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Tim Huelskamp">Tim Huelskamp (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Mike Hydeck">Mike Hydeck (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Gwen Ifill">Gwen Ifill (10)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=David Ignatius">David Ignatius (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=John Inglis">John Inglis (17)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Michael Isikoff">Michael Isikoff (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Darrell Issa">Darrell Issa (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jameel Jaffer">Jameel Jaffer (7)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Eamon Javers">Eamon Javers (6)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Mike Johanns">Mike Johanns (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Cory Johnson">Cory Johnson (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Hank Johnson">Hank Johnson (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ron Johnson">Ron Johnson (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Vera Jourova">Vera Jourova (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Bill Karins">Bill Karins (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Katty Kay">Katty Kay (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Brianna Keilar">Brianna Keilar (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Bianna Keilar">Bianna Keilar (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Bill Keller">Bill Keller (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=John Kerry">John Kerry (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Angus King">Angus King (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Peter King">Peter King (18)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ezra Klein">Ezra Klein (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Mark Klein">Mark Klein (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Catherine Kobayashi">Catherine Kobayashi (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Steve Kornacki">Steve Kornacki (7)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Anatoly Kucherena">Anatoly Kucherena (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Howard Kurtz">Howard Kurtz (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Raul Labrador">Raul Labrador (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jonathan Landay">Jonathan Landay (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=James Langevin">James Langevin (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=John Larsen">John Larsen (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Matt Lauer">Matt Lauer (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Patrick Leahy">Patrick Leahy (56)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Mike Lee">Mike Lee (8)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Sheila Jackson Lee">Sheila Jackson Lee (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jenna Lee">Jenna Lee (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Col. Cedric Leighton (Ret.)">Col. Cedric Leighton (Ret.) (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Judge Richard Leon">Judge Richard Leon (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Carol Leonnig">Carol Leonnig (9)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Carl Levin">Carl Levin (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Charles Lewis">Charles Lewis (7)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Eric Lichtblau">Eric Lichtblau (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Robert Litt">Robert Litt (28)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ryan Lizza">Ryan Lizza (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Richard Lodgett">Richard Lodgett (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Zoe Lofgren">Zoe Lofgren (19)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jaqueline London">Jaqueline London (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jacqueline London">Jacqueline London (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Dan Lothian">Dan Lothian (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Dan Lungren">Dan Lungren (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Judge Gerald Lynch">Judge Gerald Lynch (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Loretta Lynch">Loretta Lynch (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ewen MacAskill">Ewen MacAskill (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Sheila MacVicar">Sheila MacVicar (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jim Maceda">Jim Maceda (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Rachel Maddow">Rachel Maddow (6)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Suzanne Malveaux">Suzanne Malveaux (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Terry Martin">Terry Martin (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Thomas Massie">Thomas Massie (12)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Tyler Mathisen">Tyler Mathisen (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Tyler Mathison">Tyler Mathison (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Phil Matier">Phil Matier (6)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Mark Matthews">Mark Matthews (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Aaron Mat&eacute;">Aaron Mat茅 (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Marissa Mayer">Marissa Mayer (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jane Mayer">Jane Mayer (6)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=John McCain">John McCain (18)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Michael McCaul">Michael McCaul (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ray McGovern">Ray McGovern (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=David Medine">David Medine (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ari Melber">Ari Melber (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Craig Melvin">Craig Melvin (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jeff Merkley">Jeff Merkley (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Anna Meyers">Anna Meyers (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Barbara Mikulski">Barbara Mikulski (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=David Miranda">David Miranda (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Philipp Missfelder">Philipp Missfelder (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=James Mitchell">James Mitchell (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Andrea Mitchell">Andrea Mitchell (21)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ariane Mohr">Ariane Mohr (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Gwendolen Morgan">Gwendolen Morgan (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Bill Moyers">Bill Moyers (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Robert Mueller">Robert Mueller (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Michael Mukasey">Michael Mukasey (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Mick Mulvaney">Mick Mulvaney (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Rick Mulvaney">Rick Mulvaney (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Chris Murphy">Chris Murphy (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jerrold Nadler">Jerrold Nadler (7)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ellen Nakashima">Ellen Nakashima (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Andrew Napolitano">Andrew Napolitano (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Judy Woodruff Co-Anchor and Managing Editor of the PBS NewsHour">Judy Woodruff Co-Anchor and Managing Editor of the PBS NewsHour (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Nora O'Donnell">Nora O'Donnell (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Kelly O'Donnell">Kelly O'Donnell (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Lawrence O'Donnell">Lawrence O'Donnell (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Martin O'Malley">Martin O'Malley (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Barack Obama">Barack Obama (69)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Matthew Olsen">Matthew Olsen (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Bob Orr">Bob Orr (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Rand Paul">Rand Paul (17)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Scott Pelley">Scott Pelley (8)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Michaela Pereira">Michaela Pereira (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Evan Perez">Evan Perez (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Nicole Perlroth">Nicole Perlroth (7)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Chris Plant">Chris Plant (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ted Poe">Ted Poe (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Laura Poitras">Laura Poitras (20)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Carl Quintanilla">Carl Quintanilla (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Dianne Feinstein quoted">Dianne Feinstein quoted (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Susan Collins quoted">Susan Collins quoted (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Eric Schmidt quoted">Eric Schmidt quoted (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jesselyn Radack">Jesselyn Radack (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Martha Raddatz">Martha Raddatz (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Morgan Radford">Morgan Radford (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Mark Rasch">Mark Rasch (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Harry Reid">Harry Reid (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Unidentified White House Reporter">Unidentified White House Reporter (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Deutsche welle reporter">Deutsche welle reporter (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ben Rhodes">Ben Rhodes (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Susan Rice">Susan Rice (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=James Risen">James Risen (16)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=John Rizzo">John Rizzo (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Diane Roark">Diane Roark (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=John Roberts">John Roberts (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jordan Robertson">Jordan Robertson (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jay Rockefeller">Jay Rockefeller (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Mike Rogers">Mike Rogers (43)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Adm. Michael Rogers">Adm. Michael Rogers (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Dana Rohrabacher">Dana Rohrabacher (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Charlie Rose">Charlie Rose (14)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jeffrey Rosen">Jeffrey Rosen (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Brian Ross">Brian Ross (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Lori Rothman">Lori Rothman (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Dilma Rousseff">Dilma Rousseff (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ed Royce">Ed Royce (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio (6)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Dutch Ruppersberger">Dutch Ruppersberger (18)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Alan Rusbridger">Alan Rusbridger (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Nicholas Rushworth">Nicholas Rushworth (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Luke Russert">Luke Russert (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Loretta Sanchez">Loretta Sanchez (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Julian Sanchez">Julian Sanchez (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=David Sanger">David Sanger (6)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Shakuntala Santhiran">Shakuntala Santhiran (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jeremy Scahill">Jeremy Scahill (11)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Bill Scanlan">Bill Scanlan (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Joe Scarborough">Joe Scarborough (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Peter Schaar">Peter Schaar (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jan Schakowsky">Jan Schakowsky (7)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Robert Scheer">Robert Scheer (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Bob Schieffer">Bob Schieffer (6)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Adam Schiff">Adam Schiff (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=John Schiffman">John Schiffman (11)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Michael Schmidt">Michael Schmidt (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt (14)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Atika Schubert">Atika Schubert (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Bobby Scott">Bobby Scott (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Steven Scully">Steven Scully (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=John Seigenthaler">John Seigenthaler (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Hubert Seipel">Hubert Seipel (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=The Presiding Officer over the Senate">The Presiding Officer over the Senate (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jim Sensenbrenner">Jim Sensenbrenner (21)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Brian Shactman">Brian Shactman (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ilya Shapiro">Ilya Shapiro (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Peter Sharp">Peter Sharp (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jake Silverstein">Jake Silverstein (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Brad Smith">Brad Smith (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Lamar Smith">Lamar Smith (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Shepard Smith">Shepard Smith (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Harry Smith">Harry Smith (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Kate Snow">Kate Snow (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Lon Snowden">Lon Snowden (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden (125)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ashkan Soltani">Ashkan Soltani (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Nick Spicer">Nick Spicer (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Eliot Spitzer">Eliot Spitzer (6)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=White House spokesperson">White House spokesperson (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Hari Sreenivasan">Hari Sreenivasan (7)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Lesley Stahl">Lesley Stahl (9)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Barbara Starr">Barbara Starr (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Brian Stelter">Brian Stelter (6)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=George This Week with George Stephanopoulos">George This Week with George Stephanopoulos (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=George Stephanopoulos">George Stephanopoulos (6)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jeffrey Sterling">Jeffrey Sterling (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=John Stossel">John Stossel (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Kristie Lu Stout">Kristie Lu Stout (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Juana Summers">Juana Summers (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Brian Taff">Brian Taff (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jake Tapper">Jake Tapper (16)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Phillip Taubman">Phillip Taubman (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=George Tennant">George Tennant (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Peter Thiel">Peter Thiel (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Eric Thomas">Eric Thomas (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Russell Tice">Russell Tice (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Brian Todd">Brian Todd (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Chuck Todd">Chuck Todd (9)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jeffrey Toobin">Jeffrey Toobin (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Rudiger Trost">Rudiger Trost (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Donald Trump">Donald Trump (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Shawn Turner">Shawn Turner (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Mark Udall">Mark Udall (29)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Baard Vegar Solhjell and Snorre Valen">Baard Vegar Solhjell and Snorre Valen (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Chris Van Hollen">Chris Van Hollen (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Greta Van Susteren">Greta Van Susteren (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Leland Vittert">Leland Vittert (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Hans von Spakofsky">Hans von Spakofsky (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Alex Wagner">Alex Wagner (18)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Chris Wallace">Chris Wallace (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jim Walsh">Jim Walsh (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Judge Reggie B. Walton">Judge Reggie B. Walton (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jacob Ward">Jacob Ward (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Margaret Warner">Margaret Warner (16)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jim Webb">Jim Webb (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ashley Webster">Ashley Webster (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Sheldon Whitehouse">Sheldon Whitehouse (11)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Kirk Wiebe">Kirk Wiebe (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Tim Wilcox">Tim Wilcox (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Pete Williams">Pete Williams (10)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Brian Williams">Brian Williams (16)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ira Winkler">Ira Winkler (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Judy Woodruff">Judy Woodruff (10)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Ron Wyden">Ron Wyden (98)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Jessica Yellin">Jessica Yellin (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/details/nsa?person=Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg (2)</a></li> </ul> </div> <section id="videos"> <div id="jw0" style="height:240px" class="mycontainer" src="/download/MSNBCW_20140630_160000_Andrea_Mitchell_Reports/MSNBCW_20140630_160000_Andrea_Mitchell_Reports.mp4?start=1633.8&end=1693.8&exact=1&ignore=x.mp4" vid="vidjw0"> <video src="/download/MSNBCW_20140630_160000_Andrea_Mitchell_Reports/MSNBCW_20140630_160000_Andrea_Mitchell_Reports.mp4?start=1633.8&end=1693.8&exact=1&ignore=x.mp4" id="vidjw0" class="vid" preload="metadata"> </video> <div class="overlay"> <section class="person"> <div class="speaker"> Elijah Cummings </div> <span class="title"> Representative (D-MD), Ranking Member, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform </span> <div class="date"> MSNBCW 06/30/2014 </div> </section><!--/.person--> <div class="quote"> P. Alexander: I quote from the new NSA Director (Adm. Michael Rogers) who specifically said that the revelations in his opinion do not lead him to the conclusion that the sky is falling. So is the sky falling? How big is the damage? Cummings: I don't think necessarily the sky is falling, but I think there has been substantial damage. And I think it's going to be a good idea if we could bring Mr. Snowden back here to our country to face justice and perhaps see everything that he has. Keep in mind there's a lot of things that he has that we are not sure about. He's released quite a bit of information already. I think it has done damage with regard to some other countries and certainly the people of the United States are very concerned because they've now learned how much of their personal information is getting into NSA and being possibly used by NSA. </div> </div><!--/.overlay--> <div class="details ghost"> <a href="https://archive.org/details/MSNBCW_20140630_160000_Andrea_Mitchell_Reports/start/1633.8/end/1693.8">More / Share / Borrow</a> <div class="popcorn-add"> <a href="https://popcorn.archive.org/?initialMedia=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FMSNBCW_20140630_160000_Andrea_Mitchell_Reports%2Fstart%2F1633.8%2Fend%2F1693.8">Add to Popcorn</a> </div> </div> </div><!--/.mycontainer--> </section> </section> <section id="actions"> <div>Showing 1 through 1 of 1</div> <div id="pages"> Page <span>1</span> </div> </section> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10