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href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9A%D1%83_%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%A3_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5\" title=\"Википедија:Такмичење у писању чланака/У свету Флоре и Фауне\"\u003EФлоре и фауне\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; 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значајних жена\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E на Викицитату.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EПридружите се \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0\" title=\"Википедија:Акција проширивања клица\"\u003Eакцији проширивања клица\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сајт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Садржај" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Садржај</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">помери на страну</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">сакриј</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Почетак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Objašnjenje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objašnjenje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Objašnjenje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objašnjenje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ograničenja_koja_se_mogu_dobiti_posmatranjima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ograničenja_koja_se_mogu_dobiti_posmatranjima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ograničenja koja se mogu dobiti posmatranjima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ograničenja_koja_se_mogu_dobiti_posmatranjima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kosmološki_parametri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosmološki_parametri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kosmološki parametri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosmološki_parametri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidi_još" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidi_još"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vidi još</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidi_još-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spoljašnje_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spoljašnje_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Spoljašnje veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spoljašnje_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Садржај" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Прикажи/сакриј садржај" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Прикажи/сакриј садржај</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Starost univerzuma</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Чланак на другим језицима. Доступан на: 48" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 језика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86" title="عمر الكون — арапски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عمر الكون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%C3%A1_del_universu" title="Edá del universu — астуријски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Edá del universu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астуријски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kainat%C4%B1n_ya%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Kainatın yaşı — азербејџански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kainatın yaşı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербејџански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umur_alam_semesta" title="Umur alam semesta — индонежански" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Umur alam semesta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонежански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usia_alam_semesta" title="Usia alam semesta — малајски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Usia alam semesta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Възраст на Вселената — бугарски" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Възраст на Вселената" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="бугарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83" title="Узрост Сусвету — белоруски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Узрост Сусвету" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белоруски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8" title="মহাবিশ্বের বয়স — бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহাবিশ্বের বয়স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edat_de_l%27Univers" title="Edat de l'Univers — каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Edat de l'Univers" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltalter" title="Weltalter — немачки" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weltalter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ηλικία του σύμπαντος — грчки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλικία του σύμπαντος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грчки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_the_universe" title="Age of the universe — енглески" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Age of the universe" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="енглески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edad_del_universo" title="Edad del universo — шпански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edad del universo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="шпански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibertsoaren_adina" title="Unibertsoaren adina — баскијски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Unibertsoaren adina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سن جهان — персијски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سن جهان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82ge_de_l%27Univers" title="Âge de l'Univers — француски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Âge de l'Univers" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aois_na_Cruinne" title="Aois na Cruinne — ирски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aois na Cruinne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idade_do_Universo" title="Idade do Universo — галицијски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Idade do Universo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галицијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9D" title="גיל היקום — хебрејски" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיל היקום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="хебрејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starost_svemira" title="Starost svemira — хрватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Starost svemira" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%84" title="Տիեզերքի տարիք — јерменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տիեզերքի տարիք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="јерменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_dell%27universo" title="Età dell'universo — италијански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Età dell'universo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E3%81%AE%E5%B9%B4%E9%BD%A2" title="宇宙の年齢 — јапански" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="宇宙の年齢" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="јапански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sujarah_Jagad_Raya" title="Sujarah Jagad Raya — јавански" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sujarah Jagad Raya" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="јавански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Ғаламның жасы — казашки" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ғаламның жасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4" title="우주의 나이 — корејски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우주의 나이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeftijd_van_het_heelal" title="Leeftijd van het heelal — холандски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leeftijd van het heelal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="холандски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temps_de_l%27Univ%C3%A8rs" title="Temps de l'Univèrs — окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Temps de l'Univèrs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1" title="کائنات دی عمر — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کائنات دی عمر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiek_Wszech%C5%9Bwiata" title="Wiek Wszechświata — пољски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wiek Wszechświata" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="пољски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idade_do_Universo" title="Idade do Universo — португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Idade do Universo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A2rsta_universului" title="Vârsta universului — румунски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vârsta universului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румунски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Возраст Вселенной — руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Возраст Вселенной" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_the_universe" title="Age of the universe — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Age of the universe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vek_vesm%C3%ADru" title="Vek vesmíru — словачки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vek vesmíru" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starost_vesolja" title="Starost vesolja — словеначки" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Starost vesolja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словеначки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starost_svemira" title="Starost svemira — српскохрватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Starost svemira" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="српскохрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maailmankaikkeuden_ik%C3%A4" title="Maailmankaikkeuden ikä — фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maailmankaikkeuden ikä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universums_%C3%A5lder" title="Universums ålder — шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Universums ålder" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="அகிலத்தின் வயது — тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அகிலத்தின் வயது" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%E1%BB%95i_c%E1%BB%A7a_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5" title="Tuổi của vũ trụ — вијетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tuổi của vũ trụ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вијетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evrenin_ya%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Evrenin yaşı — турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Evrenin yaşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83" title="Вік Всесвіту — украјински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вік Всесвіту" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украјински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="عمر کائنات — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عمر کائنات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edad_han_sangkalibutan" title="Edad han sangkalibutan — варајски" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Edad han sangkalibutan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E4%B8%AA%E5%B9%B4%E9%BE%84" title="宇宙个年龄 — ву кинески" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="宇宙个年龄" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву кинески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B4%E9%BE%84" title="宇宙的年龄 — кинески" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="宇宙的年龄" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кинески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%B9%B4%E9%BD%A1" title="宇宙年齡 — кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="宇宙年齡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q500699#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Уреди међујезичке везе" class="wbc-editpage">Уреди везе</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именски простори"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Deo serije o</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle navbox-title" style="padding-top:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Космологија">Kosmologiji</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basic_science_(psychology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basic science (psychology) (страница не постоји)">Osnovni tipovi</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Starost univerzuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Велики прасак">Veliki prasak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veliko_hla%C4%91enje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veliko hlađenje (страница не постоји)">Veliko hlađenje</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veliko_sa%C5%BEimanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veliko sažimanje (страница не постоји)">Veliko sažimanje</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comoving_distance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comoving distance (страница не постоји)">Comoving distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Космичко микроталасно позадинско зрачење">Pozadinsko zračenje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Тамна енергија">Tamna energija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Тамна материја">Tamna materija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedmann-Lema%C3%AEtre-Robertson-Walker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (страница не постоји)">FLRW metrika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fridmanova_jedna%C4%8Dina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fridmanova jednačina (страница не постоји)">Fridmanova jednačina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Формирање и еволуција галаксија">Formiranje galaksija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hablov_zakon" title="Hablov zakon">Hablov zakon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmi%C4%8Dka_inflacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmička inflacija">Inflacija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Large-scale_structure_of_the_cosmos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Large-scale structure of the cosmos (страница не постоји)">Large-scale structure</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambda-CDM_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambda-CDM model (страница не постоји)">Lambda-CDM model</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prvobitna_nukleosinteza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prvobitna nukleosinteza (страница не постоји)">Nukleosinteza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Црвени помак">Crveni pomak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblik_univerzuma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblik univerzuma (страница не постоји)">Oblik univerzuma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istorija_kosmologije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istorija kosmologije (страница не постоји)">Istorija kosmologije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Космолошка доба">Kosmološka doba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Коначна судбина универзума">Konačna sudbina univerzuma</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Srodni_%C4%8Dlanci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Srodni članci (страница не постоји)">Srodni članci</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астрофизика">Astrofizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Општа теорија релативитета">Opšta teorija relativiteta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Квантна физика">Kvantna fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvantna_gravitacija" title="Kvantna gravitacija">Kvantna gravitacija</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Portal-puzzle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Kosmologija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Kosmologija (страница не постоји)">Portal Kosmologija</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25469611"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24365379">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-prikaži"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:Kosmologija_bo%C4%8Dna_traka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шаблон:Kosmologija bočna traka (страница не постоји)"><abbr title="Pogledajte šablon">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-razgovor"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Kosmologija_bo%C4%8Dna_traka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Kosmologija bočna traka (страница не постоји)"><abbr title="Razgovarajte o šablonu">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%83/%C5%A0ablon:Kosmologija_bo%C4%8Dna_traka" title="Посебно:Уреди страницу/Šablon:Kosmologija bočna traka"><abbr title="Uredite šablon">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>U <a href="/wiki/Fizi%C4%8Dka_kosmologija" title="Fizička kosmologija">fizičkoj kosmologiji</a>, <b>starost univerzuma</b> je <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Космолошка доба">vreme </a> proteklo od <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Велики прасак">Velikog praska</a>. U današnje vreme, astronomi su izveli dva različita merenja starosti <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Свемир">svemira</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> merenje zasnovano na direktnim posmatranjima ranog stanja univerzuma, koje ukazuje na starost od <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7001137870000000000♠</span>13,787<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0,020</span> <a href="/wiki/1,000,000,000" class="mw-redirect" title="1,000,000,000">milijardi</a> godina, kako se tumači sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambda-CDM_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambda-CDM model (страница не постоји)">Lambda-CDM modelom</a> podudarnosti prema podacima iz 2018;<sup id="cite_ref-Planck_2018_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planck_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i merenje zasnovano na posmatranju lokalnog, modernog univerzuma, koje sugeriše mlađi vek.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Measurement_uncertainty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Measurement uncertainty (страница не постоји)">Neizvesnost</a> prve vrste merenja sužena je na 20 miliona godina, na osnovu brojnih studija koje su dale izuzetno slične cifre za starost. Ovo uključuje studije <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Космичко позадинско зрачење">mikrotalasnog pozadinskog zračenja</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Планк">svemirske letelice <i>Plank</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Vilkinsonova_mikrotalasna_anizotropna_sonda" title="Vilkinsonova mikrotalasna anizotropna sonda">sonde za mikrotalasnu anizotropiju Vilkinson</a> i drugih svemirskih sondi. Merenja kosmičkog pozadinskog zračenja daju vreme hlađenja univerzuma od Velikog praska,<sup id="cite_ref-arxiv-20121220_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arxiv-20121220-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a merenja <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Црвени помак">brzine širenja</a> univerzuma mogu se koristiti za izračunavanje njegove približne starosti ekstrapolacijom unazad u vremenu. Opseg procene je takođe unutar opsega procene za <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_oldest_stars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of oldest stars (страница не постоји)">najstariju</a> posmatranu zvezdu u univerzumu. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Objašnjenje"><span id="Obja.C5.A1njenje"></span>Objašnjenje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starost_univerzuma&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Уредите одељак „Objašnjenje”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starost_univerzuma&action=edit&section=1" title="Уреди извор одељка: Objašnjenje"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambda-CMD_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambda-CMD model (страница не постоји)">Lambda-CMD model</a> opisuje evoluciju univerzuma od veoma uniformnog, vrelog i gustog početnog stanja pa sve do danas, nekih 13.8 milijadi godina kasnije.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovaj model je veoma dobro razrađen u teoriji i snažno zasnovan u praksi skorašnjim visoko preciznim astronomskim posmatranjima kao sto je <a href="/wiki/WMAP" class="mw-redirect" title="WMAP">WMAP</a>. Međutim, teorije o poreklu početnog stanja ostaju na nivou spekulacija. Ukolio bi u Lambda-CDM modelu iz top početnog stanja pokušali da izvedemo neko prethodno stanje, veoma brzo (u deliću sekunde) bi došli do stanja singulariteta zvanog i "singularitet <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Велики прасак">Velikog praska</a>". <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="337"></span> </p><p>Iako bi univerzum, u teoriji, mogao da ima i dužu istoriju , <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodna_astronomska_unija" title="Međunarodna astronomska unija">Međunarodna astronomska unija</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> trenutno koristi "starost univerzuma" u značenju trajanje Lambda-CDM ekspanzije, ili vreme proteklo od Velikog praska u <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%99%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Видљиви свемир">vidljivom univerzumu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ograničenja_koja_se_mogu_dobiti_posmatranjima"><span id="Ograni.C4.8Denja_koja_se_mogu_dobiti_posmatranjima"></span>Ograničenja koja se mogu dobiti posmatranjima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starost_univerzuma&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Уредите одељак „Ograničenja koja se mogu dobiti posmatranjima”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starost_univerzuma&action=edit&section=2" title="Уреди извор одељка: Ograničenja koja se mogu dobiti posmatranjima"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pošto univerzum mora biti star bar koliko i najstarija stvar u njemu, postoje brojnja posmatranja koja daju donju granicu starosti univerzuma.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U okviru njih imamo temperature najhladnijih <a href="/wiki/Beli_patuljak" title="Beli patuljak">belih patuljaka</a>, koji se postepeno hlade kako stare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kosmološki_parametri"><span id="Kosmolo.C5.A1ki_parametri"></span>Kosmološki parametri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starost_univerzuma&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Уредите одељак „Kosmološki parametri”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starost_univerzuma&action=edit&section=3" title="Уреди извор одељка: Kosmološki parametri"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Mplwp_universe_scale_evolution.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mplwp_universe_scale_evolution.svg/330px-Mplwp_universe_scale_evolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mplwp_universe_scale_evolution.svg/495px-Mplwp_universe_scale_evolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mplwp_universe_scale_evolution.svg/660px-Mplwp_universe_scale_evolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Starost univerzuma se može odrediti merenjem <a href="/wiki/Hablov_zakon" title="Hablov zakon">Hablove konstante</a> danas i ekstrapolacijom unazad u vremenu sa posmatranom vrednošću parametara gustine (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~\Omega ~}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~\Omega ~}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eb762636fa7ae2b980ec1051f3902b6be581a986" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.839ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~\Omega ~}"></span>). Pre otkrića <a href="/wiki/Dark_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark energy">tamne energije</a>, verovalo se da univerzumom dominira materija (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Einstein%E2%80%93de_Sitter_universe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Einstein–de Sitter universe (страница не постоји)">Ajnštajn-de Sitterov svemir</a>, zelena kriva). Treba imati na umu da <a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Sitter_universe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Sitter universe (страница не постоји)">de Siterov svemir</a> ima beskonačnu starost, dok <a href="/w/index.php?title=Big_Crunch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Big Crunch (страница не постоји)">zatvoreni</a> univerzum ima najmanju starost.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Age_Universe_Planck_2013.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Age_Universe_Planck_2013.png/330px-Age_Universe_Planck_2013.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Age_Universe_Planck_2013.png/495px-Age_Universe_Planck_2013.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Age_Universe_Planck_2013.png/660px-Age_Universe_Planck_2013.png 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption>Vrednost faktora korekcije starosti, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~F~,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>F</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~F~,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4c73832199f771dbf280942887ad52b43bd23d40" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.549ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~F~,}"></span> je prikazana kao funkcija dva <a href="/wiki/Cosmology" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmology">kosmološka parametra</a>: trenutna frakciona gustina materije <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{m}}~}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>m</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{m}}~}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/631bb0940d39302f6446d1bea10f356edb77597a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.44ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{m}}~}"></span> i kosmološka konstantna gustina <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\Lambda }~.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\Lambda }~.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a9f98dda6e0552a815794b8dc8943b0dcf8895ac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.859ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\Lambda }~.}"></span> Vrednosti ovih parametara koje su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambda-CDM_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambda-CDM model (страница не постоји)">najpodesnije</a>, prikazane su u okviru u gornjem levom uglu; univerzum kojim dominira materija prikazan je zvezdom u donjem desnom uglu.</figcaption></figure> <p>Problem određivanja starosti univerzuma usko je vezan za problem određivanja vrednosti kosmoloških parametara. Danas se to uglavnom sprovodi u kontekstu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambda-CDM_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambda-CDM model (страница не постоји)">ΛCDM</a> modela, gde se pretpostavlja da univerzum sadrži normalnu (barionsku) materiju, hladnu <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Тамна материја">tamnu materiju</a>, zračenje (uključujući <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фотон">fotone</a> i <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Неутрино">neutrine</a>) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmological_constant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmological constant (страница не постоји)">kosmološku konstantu</a>. </p><p>Deo doprinosa svakog od njih u trenutnoj gustini energije univerzuma je dat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedmann_equations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedmann equations (страница не постоји)">parametrima gustine</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{m}}~,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>m</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{m}}~,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/40d944f18f4e16127a7dfc27a92806b6ed1ab196" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.087ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{m}}~,}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{r}}~,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>r</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{r}}~,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3ee1b2bf0905de7fe7b7eb7623c9832f12c7d0bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.363ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{r}}~,}"></span> i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\Lambda }~.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\Lambda }~.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a9f98dda6e0552a815794b8dc8943b0dcf8895ac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.859ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\Lambda }~.}"></span> Potpuni <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%9BCDM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ΛCDM (страница не постоји)">ΛCDM</a> model je opisan nizom drugih parametara, ali u svrhu izračunavanja njegove starosti ova tri, zajedno sa <a href="/wiki/Hablov_zakon" title="Hablov zakon">Hablovim parametrom</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~H_{0}~}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~H_{0}~}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/31d93886efbbef551e5af65210503060b2f07d4a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.147ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~H_{0}~}"></span>, su najvažnija. </p><p>Ako se imaju tačna merenja ovih parametara, onda se starost univerzuma može odrediti korišćenjem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedmann_equations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedmann equations (страница не постоји)">Fridmanove jednačine</a>. Ova jednačina povezuje stopu promene <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scale_factor_(cosmology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scale factor (cosmology) (страница не постоји)">faktora razmere</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~a(t)~}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~a(t)~}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/917907c10911193ff017951e6d6adfa2178c080f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.04ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~a(t)~}"></span> sa sadržajem materije u univerzumu. Preobražavajući ovu relaciju, može se izračunati promena vremena po promeni faktora razmere i tako izračunati ukupna starost univerzuma <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Интеграл">integracijom</a> ove formule. Starost <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~t_{0}~}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~t_{0}~}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4f9fbd0358c9343f5f3ccf0b937f69dd06d1d0da" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.055ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~t_{0}~}"></span> je tada data izrazom oblika </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t_{0}={\frac {1}{H_{0}}}\,F(\,\Omega _{\text{r}},\,\Omega _{\text{m}},\,\Omega _{\Lambda },\,\dots \,)~}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>r</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>m</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>…</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t_{0}={\frac {1}{H_{0}}}\,F(\,\Omega _{\text{r}},\,\Omega _{\text{m}},\,\Omega _{\Lambda },\,\dots \,)~}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5b0a2157726d19bb9a53645703fc541b49c2eba9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:29.977ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t_{0}={\frac {1}{H_{0}}}\,F(\,\Omega _{\text{r}},\,\Omega _{\text{m}},\,\Omega _{\Lambda },\,\dots \,)~}"></span></dd></dl> <p>gde je <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~H_{0}~}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~H_{0}~}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/31d93886efbbef551e5af65210503060b2f07d4a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.147ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~H_{0}~}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Hubble%27s_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubble's law">Hablov parametar</a> i funkcija <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~F~}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>F</mi> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~F~}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/995a468ca9056c74c96316e7dd49543ad0d3bbe2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.902ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~F~}"></span> zavisi samo od frakcionog doprinosa energetskom sadržaju univerzuma koji dolazi iz različitih komponenti. Prvo zapažanje koje se može izvesti iz ove formule je da je Hablov parametar taj koji kontroliše starost univerzuma, uz korekciju koja proizilazi iz sadržaja materije i energije. Dakle, gruba procena starosti univerzuma dolazi iz <a href="/wiki/Hablov_zakon" title="Hablov zakon">Hablovog vremena</a>, inverzne vrednosti Hablovog parametra. Sa vrednošću za <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~H_{0}~}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~H_{0}~}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/31d93886efbbef551e5af65210503060b2f07d4a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.147ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~H_{0}~}"></span> oko <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">6982223613770973413♠</span>69 km/s/Mpc</span>, Hablovo vreme se procenjuje na <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~1/H_{0}=~}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~1/H_{0}=~}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ff0758054299a3611cc6ebb2267159fee2d1fdde" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.57ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~1/H_{0}=~}"></span><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7001145000000000000♠</span>14,5</span> milijardi godina.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Da bi se dobio tačniji broj, mora se izračunati funkcija korekcije <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~F~}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>F</mi> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~F~}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/995a468ca9056c74c96316e7dd49543ad0d3bbe2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.902ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~F~}"></span>. Generalno, ovo se mora uraditi numerički, a rezultati za opseg vrednosti kosmoloških parametara prikazani su na slici. Za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambda-CDM_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambda-CDM model (страница не постоји)">Plankove vrednosti</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~(\Omega _{\text{m}},\Omega _{\Lambda })=~}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>m</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~(\Omega _{\text{m}},\Omega _{\Lambda })=~}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/091ef209639dc0a8715ce51128473a68cf435238" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.433ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~(\Omega _{\text{m}},\Omega _{\Lambda })=~}"></span>(0,3086, 0,6914), prikazane u okviru u gornjem levom uglu slike, ovaj faktor korekcije je oko <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~F=0,956~.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>956</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~F=0,956~.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/43c07f5cc6518b3af6cd80119c95a5c353be6ba2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.331ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~F=0,956~.}"></span> Za ravan univerzum bez ikakve kosmološke konstante, prikazan zvezdom u donjem desnom uglu, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~F={2}/{3}~}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~F={2}/{3}~}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fdcc3cd4f7604c0a473db2077bd370f9e7b32346" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.488ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~F={2}/{3}~}"></span> je mnogo manji i samim tim je univerzum mlađi za fiksnu vrednost Hablovog parametra. Da bi se dobila ova cifra, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{r}}~}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>r</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{r}}~}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fce749b3404776cc02167179b2a2717b39c9027e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.716ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{r}}~}"></span> se održava konstantnim (otprilike ekvivalentno sa održavanjem <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Космичко позадинско зрачење">CMB</a> temperaturne konstante) i parametar gustine zakrivljenosti je fiksiran vrednošću ostala tri. </p><p>Osim Plankovog satelita, Wilkinsonova mikrotalasna anizotropna sonda (<a href="/wiki/WMAP" class="mw-redirect" title="WMAP">WMAP</a>) bila je ključna u utvrđivanju tačne starosti univerzuma, iako se druga merenja moraju sastaviti da bi se dobio tačan broj. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Космичко позадинско зрачење">CMB</a> merenja su veoma dobra u ograničavanju sadržaja materije <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{m}}~,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>m</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{m}}~,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/40d944f18f4e16127a7dfc27a92806b6ed1ab196" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.087ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{m}}~,}"></span><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i parametra zakrivljenosti <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{k}}~.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>k</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{k}}~.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6a353d42f8a5dd8d555c2042c1465569de4d9053" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.586ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\text{k}}~.}"></span><sup id="cite_ref-anim3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anim3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To nije toliko senzitivno na <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\Lambda }~}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\Lambda }~}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/56404a34f19d8ab7826af5ca2e3866ee821ebc61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.212ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~\Omega _{\Lambda }~}"></span> direktno,<sup id="cite_ref-anim3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anim3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> delimično zato što kosmološka konstanta postaje važna samo pri malom crvenom pomaku. Veruje se da trenutno najtačnija određivanja Hablovog parametra <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ~H_{0}~}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ~H_{0}~}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/31d93886efbbef551e5af65210503060b2f07d4a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.147ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ~H_{0}~}"></span> potiču od izmerenih osvetljenosti i crvenih pomaka udaljenih <a href="/wiki/Type_Ia_supernova" class="mw-redirect" title="Type Ia supernova">supernova tipa Ia</a>. Kombinovanje ovih merenja dovodi do opšte prihvaćene vrednosti za starost univerzuma koja je gore citirana. </p><p>Kosmološka konstanta čini univerzum „starijim“ za fiksne vrednosti ostalih parametara. Ovo je značajno, jer pre nego što je kosmološka konstanta postala opšteprihvaćena, model Velikog praska je imao poteškoća da objasni zašto se činilo da su <a href="/wiki/Globular_cluster" class="mw-redirect" title="Globular cluster">globularna jata</a> u Mlečnom putu daleko starija od starosti univerzuma izračunatog na osnovu Hablovog parametra i univerzuma koji sadrži samo materiju.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uvođenje kosmološke konstante omogućava univerzumu da bude stariji od ovih klastera, i daje objašnjavanje drugih karakteristika koje kosmološki model zasnovan samo na materiji nije mogao.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidi_još"><span id="Vidi_jo.C5.A1"></span>Vidi još</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starost_univerzuma&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Уредите одељак „Vidi još”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starost_univerzuma&action=edit&section=4" title="Уреди извор одељка: Vidi još"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%99%D0%B5" title="Старост Земље">Sarost zemlje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Космологија">Kosmologija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Мултиверзум">Multiverzum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%99%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Видљиви свемир">Vidljivi svemir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMAP" class="mw-redirect" title="WMAP">WMAP</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starost_univerzuma&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Уредите одељак „Reference”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starost_univerzuma&action=edit&section=5" title="Уреди извор одељка: Reference"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28440201">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sci.esa.int/s/wRe24lA">„From an almost perfect Universe to the best of both worlds”</a>. 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The matter-radiation ratio is raised while keeping all other parameters fixed.”</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080223184613/http://background.uchicago.edu/~whu/physics/anim2.html">Архивирано</a> из оригинала 23. 2. 2008. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">2008-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AStarost+univerzuma&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.btitle=Animation%3A+Matter+Content+Sensitivity.+The+matter-radiation+ratio+is+raised+while+keeping+all+other+parameters+fixed.&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbackground.uchicago.edu%2F%257Ewhu%2Fphysics%2Fanim2.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anim3-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anim3_13-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anim3_13-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">Hu, W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://background.uchicago.edu/%7Ewhu/physics/anim3.html">„Animation: Angular diameter distance scaling with curvature and lambda”</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080223184618/http://background.uchicago.edu/~whu/physics/anim3.html">Архивирано</a> из оригинала 23. 2. 2008. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">2008-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AStarost+univerzuma&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.btitle=Animation%3A+Angular+diameter+distance+scaling+with+curvature+and+lambda&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbackground.uchicago.edu%2F%257Ewhu%2Fphysics%2Fanim3.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080224064318/http://seds.org/messier/glob.html">„Globular Star Clusters”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=SEDS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEDS (страница не постоји)">SEDS</a>. 1. 7. 2011. Архивирано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://messier.seds.org/glob.html">оригинала</a> 24. 2. 2008. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">2013-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AStarost+univerzuma&rft.btitle=Globular+Star+Clusters&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=SEDS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmessier.seds.org%2Fglob.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">Iskander, E. (11. 1. 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astro.ubc.ca/people/scott/bbage.html">„Independent age estimates”</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080306024809/http://www.astro.ubc.ca/people/scott/bbage.html">Архивирано</a> из оригинала 6. 3. 2008. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">2008-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AStarost+univerzuma&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.aulast=Iskander&rft.btitle=Independent+age+estimates&rft.date=2006-01-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=University+of+British+Columbia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astro.ubc.ca%2Fpeople%2Fscott%2Fbbage.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation arxiv">Ostriker, J.P.; Steinhardt, P.J. (1995). „Cosmic concordance”. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9505066">astro-ph/9505066</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Слободан приступ"><img alt="Слободан приступ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AStarost+univerzuma&rft.atitle=Cosmic+concordance&rft.au=Steinhardt%2C+P.J.&rft.aufirst=J.P.&rft.aulast=Ostriker&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=arXiv&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F9505066&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spoljašnje_veze"><span id="Spolja.C5.A1nje_veze"></span>Spoljašnje veze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starost_univerzuma&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Уредите одељак „Spoljašnje veze”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starost_univerzuma&action=edit&section=6" title="Уреди извор одељка: Spoljašnje veze"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23532679">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><cite class="citation web">Wright, Ned. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cosmolog.htm">„Cosmology tutorial”</a>. Division of Astronomy & Astrophysics (academic personal site). <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AStarost+univerzuma&rft.aufirst=Ned&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.btitle=Cosmology+tutorial&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=University+of+California%2C+Los+Angeles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astro.ucla.edu%2F~wright%2Fcosmolog.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite class="citation web">Wright, Edward L. (2. 7. 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/age.html">„Age of the Universe”</a>. Division of Astronomy & Astrophysics (academic personal site). <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AStarost+univerzuma&rft.aufirst=Edward+L.&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.btitle=Age+of+the+Universe&rft.date=2005-07-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=University+of+California%2C+Los+Angeles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astro.ucla.edu%2F~wright%2Fage.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite class="citation web">Hu, Wayne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://background.uchicago.edu/~whu/metaanim.html">„cosmological parameter animations”</a> (academic personal site). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Chicago">U. Chicago</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AStarost+univerzuma&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.btitle=cosmological+parameter+animations&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.+Chicago&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbackground.uchicago.edu%2F~whu%2Fmetaanim.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite class="citation arxiv">Ostriker, J.P.; Steinhardt, P.J. (1995). „Cosmic concordance”. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9505066">astro-ph/9505066</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Слободан приступ"><img alt="Слободан приступ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AStarost+univerzuma&rft.atitle=Cosmic+concordance&rft.au=Steinhardt%2C+P.J.&rft.aufirst=J.P.&rft.aulast=Ostriker&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=arXiv&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F9505066&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150430163307/http://messier.seds.org/glob.html">„Globular star clusters”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=SEDS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEDS (страница не постоји)">SEDS</a>. Архивирано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://messier.seds.org/glob.html">оригинала</a> 2015-04-30. г.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AStarost+univerzuma&rft.btitle=Globular+star+clusters&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=SEDS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmessier.seds.org%2Fglob.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite class="citation web">Scott, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astro.ubc.ca/people/scott/bbage.html">„Independent age estimates”</a> (academic personal site). Vancouver, BC: <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AStarost+univerzuma&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.btitle=Independent+age+estimates&rft.genre=unknown&rft.place=Vancouver%2C+BC&rft.pub=University+of+British+Columbia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astro.ubc.ca%2Fpeople%2Fscott%2Fbbage.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.krysstal.com/scale.html">„The scale of the universe”</a>. <i>KryssTal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AStarost+univerzuma&rft.atitle=The+scale+of+the+universe&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KryssTal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.krysstal.com%2Fscale.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> — Space and time set to scale for the beginner.</li></ul> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icosmos.co.uk/">„Cosmology calculator (with graph generation)”</a>. <i>iCosmos</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AStarost+univerzuma&rft.atitle=Cosmology+calculator+%28with+graph+generation%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iCosmos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficosmos.co.uk%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/history/exhibits/cosmology/ideas/expanding.htm">„The Expanding Universe”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Institute_of_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Institute of Physics (страница не постоји)">American Institute of Physics</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AStarost+univerzuma&rft.btitle=The+Expanding+Universe&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Physics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.aip.org%2Fhistory%2Fexhibits%2Fcosmology%2Fideas%2Fexpanding.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Преузето из „<a dir="ltr" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Starost_univerzuma&oldid=28525386">https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Starost_univerzuma&oldid=28525386</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Посебно:Категорије">Категорија</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Категорија:Физичка космологија">Физичка космологија</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Сакривена категорија: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Датум и време последње измене странице: 15. октобар 2024. у 23:35.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текст је доступан под лиценцом <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Ауторство—Делити под истим условима</a>; могући су и додатни услови. 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