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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Human_billboards_Stockholm_2008-07-16_cropped.jpg/220px-Human_billboards_Stockholm_2008-07-16_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Human_billboards_Stockholm_2008-07-16_cropped.jpg/330px-Human_billboards_Stockholm_2008-07-16_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Human_billboards_Stockholm_2008-07-16_cropped.jpg/440px-Human_billboards_Stockholm_2008-07-16_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1657" data-file-height="2542" /></a><figcaption>Two human billboards in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, one holding a placard and the other wearing a sandwich board</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>human billboard</b> is someone who displays an <a href="/wiki/Advertisement" class="mw-redirect" title="Advertisement">advertisement</a> on their person. Most commonly, this means holding or wearing a sign of some sort, but also may include wearing advertising as clothing or in extreme cases, having advertising <a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">tattooed</a> on the body. <b>Sign holders</b> are known as <b>human directionals</b> in the advertising industry, or colloquially as <b>sign walkers</b>, <b>sign wavers</b>, <b>sign spinners</b>, <b>sign twirlers</b> or (in British territories) <b>sandwich men</b>. Frequently, they will spin/sway or <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dance</a> or wear costumes with the promotional sign in order to attract <a href="/wiki/Attention" title="Attention">attention</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_billboard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London_human_billboards_Scharf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/London_human_billboards_Scharf.jpg/220px-London_human_billboards_Scharf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/London_human_billboards_Scharf.jpg/330px-London_human_billboards_Scharf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/London_human_billboards_Scharf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="272" /></a><figcaption>An artistic depiction of human billboards in 19th century London, by <a href="/wiki/George_Scharf" title="George Scharf">George Scharf</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Human billboards have been used for centuries. In the 19th century <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, the practice began when advertising posters became subject to a <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">tax</a> and competition for wall space became fierce. <a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_P%C3%BCckler-Muskau" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermann von Pückler-Muskau">Prince Pückler-Muskau</a> described the activity in 1820s London as such: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Formerly people were content to paste advertisements up; now they are ambulant. One man had a pasteboard hat, three times as high as other hats, on which is written in great letters, "Boots at twelve shillings a pair—warranted".<sup id="cite_ref-u75_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-u75-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Furthermore, besides holding signs, some human billboards would wear <a href="/wiki/Sandwich_board" title="Sandwich board">sandwich boards</a>. Charles Dickens described these advertisers as "a piece of human flesh between two slices of paste board".<sup id="cite_ref-u75_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-u75-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was claimed in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> in mid-1823 that such human billboards were a London invention—while a familiar sight in London, the "<a href="/wiki/Sandwich_board" title="Sandwich board">biped advertisement</a>" was new in Paris at that time. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A man walks the Palais Royal and the most frequented streets in the neighbourhood, with one large placard covering the whole of his back, and another extending along the front part of his body down to his knees. It contains the announcement of a new coach between London and Paris. On the back he bears the French, and on his breast the English. The French have given this non-descript animal—this walking placard—the title of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">l'Homme-affiche</i></span>, or biped advertisement.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The banning of posters from private property in London in 1839 greatly increased the use of human billboards.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the novelty of seeing humans carrying placards wore off, advertisers would come up with variations on the theme in order to catch the eye, such as having a "parade" of identical human billboards, or having the human billboards wear outrageous costumes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_times">Modern times</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_billboard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HumanDirectional.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HumanDirectional.jpg/170px-HumanDirectional.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HumanDirectional.jpg/255px-HumanDirectional.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/HumanDirectional.jpg 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>Complementary clothing advertisement and directional billboard</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_Billboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Human_Billboard.jpg/220px-Human_Billboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Human_Billboard.jpg/330px-Human_Billboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Human_Billboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption>Human billboards with advertising space for hire, in Melbourne, Australia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walking_Billboard_NL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Walking_Billboard_NL.jpg/170px-Walking_Billboard_NL.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Walking_Billboard_NL.jpg/255px-Walking_Billboard_NL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Walking_Billboard_NL.jpg/340px-Walking_Billboard_NL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2438" data-file-height="3215" /></a><figcaption>Modern walking billboard promotion in the Netherlands</figcaption></figure> <p>Human directionals are still widely used, especially in areas that have a lot of pedestrian traffic, but even in places that have a great deal of automobile traffic. For the latter, the signs will frequently be shaped like <a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">arrows</a> in order to direct traffic to the location being advertised. Eye Shot, a <a href="/wiki/Lake_Forest,_California" title="Lake Forest, California">Lake Forest, California</a> company claims to have invented modern sign spinning using arrow-shaped signs.<sup id="cite_ref-lat_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern human directional employs a number of tricks to attract attention, such as spinning the sign on one finger, throwing it up in the air and spinning it, or even riding the sign like a horse. Another California company, AArrowSign Spinners, conducts "<a href="/wiki/Training_camp" title="Training camp">boot camps</a>" to train its employees, and has also filed <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> applications for a number of its "signature moves".<sup id="cite_ref-lat_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the use of such attention-grabbing tricks has been criticized by city officials as being <a href="/wiki/Distracted_driving" title="Distracted driving">distracting</a> to <a href="/wiki/Driving" title="Driving">drivers</a>, and as a result, a number of cities have banned sign twirling.<sup id="cite_ref-lat_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some companies like Enlarge Media Group and Jet Media are able to offer human directionals as "sign walkers", a less distracting form of sign twirling.<sup id="cite_ref-emg_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emg-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further restrictions on sign walkers in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> caused Jet Media Promotions, the state's largest supplier of human billboards, to sue the city of <a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale</a>. The company's owner then successfully campaigned for <a href="/wiki/Legislation" title="Legislation">legislation</a> that made it illegal for cities in Arizona to ban such advertising.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Demand for human directionals has significantly increased since the introduction of sign-twirling techniques. In temperate and warm locations, sign holders can be employed year-round and their effectiveness has been amply demonstrated. For example, during the month of October 2006, nearly 8% of the 3,600 people who visited <a href="/wiki/Model_home" class="mw-redirect" title="Model home">model homes</a> in a housing development in <a href="/wiki/Moreno_Valley,_California" title="Moreno Valley, California">Moreno Valley, California</a> were directed there by human directionals.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Entertainment Factory in Florida provides human directionals to several successful businesses in Central Florida. Some use them as their sole form of advertising. Naturally, there are concerns that just as in 19th-century London, as human directionals become more and more commonplace, their effectiveness will be diminished. </p><p>In the U.S., independent tax preparers, and some tax-preparation chains, use sign wavers in costume, seasonally near the US personal income tax deadline of April 15. The costumes are usually of the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a> or <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This seems to be a recent, 21st-century trend and is becoming common and competitive.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sign wavers are also commonly used in the U.S. for <a href="/wiki/Halloween_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Halloween store">Halloween stores</a>, which are only temporary and relocate each year, and thus do not have permanent <a href="/wiki/Store_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Store sign">store signs</a>, nor time to gradually build a <a href="/wiki/Customer_base" title="Customer base">customer base</a> by <a href="/wiki/Word_of_mouth" title="Word of mouth">word of mouth</a>, or by being shown on <a href="/wiki/Web_mapping" title="Web mapping">web mapping</a> services. These human billboards often wear a <a href="/wiki/Halloween_costume" title="Halloween costume">Halloween costume</a> supplied by the store. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clothing">Clothing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_billboard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Clothing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Advertising on clothing has also long been used, with <a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">T-shirts</a> being extremely popular. At first, T-shirts were used exclusively as <a href="/wiki/Undergarment" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergarment">undergarments</a>, but as early as the 1930s, they were already used for advertising, with a 1939 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1939_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i> promotional shirt being a prized collector's item today.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948 United States presidential campaign</a> featured a T-shirt with "Dew It for Dewey", referring to candidate <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dewey" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Dewey">Thomas Dewey</a>, which is now housed in the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. T-shirts have since been used to advertise all different kinds of products, services, and political messages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tattoos">Tattoos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_billboard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tattoos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999, <i><a href="/wiki/Vibe_(magazine)" title="Vibe (magazine)">Vibe</a></i> magazine predicted that companies in the next millennium would pay people to get <a href="/wiki/Tattoos" class="mw-redirect" title="Tattoos">tattoos</a> advertising their brands.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2001, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> professional <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> player <a href="/wiki/Rasheed_Wallace" title="Rasheed Wallace">Rasheed Wallace</a> rejected an offer from advertising firm Fifty Rubies Marketing to wear a tattoo advertising a candy company's product.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a month later, the cheerleaders for <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Capitols" title="Lincoln Capitols">Lincoln Lightning's</a> High Voltage Dance Team wore 2-inch by 4-inch <a href="/wiki/Temporary_tattoos" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporary tattoos">temporary tattoos</a> ("tadoos") that advertised local companies on their bare midriffs.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tadoo_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tadoo-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2001, a prominent <a href="/wiki/Online_casino" title="Online casino">online casino</a> paid <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxer</a> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins" title="Bernard Hopkins">Bernard Hopkins</a> US$100,000 to wear a temporary tattoo on his back during his championship fight with <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Trinidad" title="Félix Trinidad">Félix Trinidad</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-slate_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slate-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making him the first athlete to wear a tattoo advertisement during a professional sports event.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six months later, the company did the same to participants in the television show <i><a href="/wiki/Celebrity_Boxing" title="Celebrity Boxing">Celebrity Boxing</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company's efforts drew immediate criticism from <a href="/wiki/List_of_consumer_organizations" title="List of consumer organizations">consumer watchdog groups</a>. Despite this, the move was successful, with the casino's web site traffic increasing 200% after the airing of the show.<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company has since followed up with temporary tattoos on a topless woman at the 2003 <a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_(golf)" title="U.S. Open (golf)">U.S. Open</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Streaking" title="Streaking">streaker</a> who ran at the 2003 <a href="/wiki/French_Open_(tennis)" class="mw-redirect" title="French Open (tennis)">French Open</a> as well as the 2003 <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="UEFA Cup">UEFA Cup</a> final.<sup id="cite_ref-slate_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slate-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first documented instance of person being paid to get a permanent tattoo for advertising purposes was 22-year-old Jim Nelson, who in 2003 sold the space on the back of his head to CI Host, a <a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">web hosting service</a> for $7,000.<sup id="cite_ref-pubring_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubring-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first six months after its application, the tattoo drew in 500 new customers for the company.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fischer" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Fischer">Andrew Fischer</a> gained worldwide notoriety for auctioning his forehead space on <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a> for temporary tattoo advertising, with the final bid coming in at $37,375 for thirty days' worth.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, tattoo advertising has become relatively popular, with a number of companies offering such services, and even large companies like <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> having used it.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i> reported that there were more people selling parts of their body for advertising than there were buyers.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 U.S. presidential election campaign</a>, professional wrestler Eric Hartsburg garnered media attention for getting a <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_presidential_campaign,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitt Romney presidential campaign, 2012">Romney campaign</a> "R" logo permanently tattooed on his right temple. Hartsburg had offered a tattoo-placement via eBay and was contacted by an unnamed Republican supporter, who paid $15,000.00 for the promotion. No direct connection to the official Romney campaign was claimed.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he had originally intended to keep the tattoo, Hartsburg expressed disappointment with the defeated candidate's post-election comments and decided to have the design removed, but has stated that he does not regret his decision in getting it.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Hartsburg ultimately kept the tattoo, and it remains on his temple to this day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other">Other</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_billboard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the launch of its <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> software, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> employed a "human billboard" which was a <a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">performance art</a> piece reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil" title="Cirque du Soleil">Cirque du Soleil</a>. In this event, people were suspended along the side of a building and moved banners across a backdrop, creating the Vista logo in the process.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>BuyMyFace.com was a <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">website</a> created by two <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> graduates, Ross Harper and Edward Moyse, to repay almost <span style="white-space: nowrap">£50,000</span> in <a href="/wiki/Student_debt" title="Student debt">student debt</a> (equivalent to £76,967 in 2023). Each day the site would display <a href="/wiki/Portrait_photography" title="Portrait photography">portrait pictures</a> of the pair with an advertiser's logo or alternative image painted on their faces, with travel, activities and stunts able to be sponsored.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sunday_Times_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sunday_Times-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The year-long project began on October 1, 2011, and by the end had reportedly earned more than the debt owed.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legality">Legality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_billboard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In many countries this type of ad is considered illegal. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/London_Hackney_Carriage_Act_1853" class="mw-redirect" title="London Hackney Carriage Act 1853">London Hackney Carriage Act 1853</a> (<a href="/wiki/16_%26_17_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="16 & 17 Vict.">16 & 17 Vict.</a> c. 33) and section 9 of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Streets_Act_1867" title="Metropolitan Streets Act 1867">Metropolitan Streets Act 1867</a> (<a href="/wiki/30_%26_31_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="30 & 31 Vict.">30 & 31 Vict.</a> c. 134), it was not lawful for any person to carry any picture, placard, notice, or advertisement, on any carriage or on horseback or on foot in London except those which are approved of by the <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Police_of_the_Metropolis" title="Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis">Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis</a> or the Commissioner of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Police" title="City of London Police">City of London Police</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golf_sale_man_at_Oxford_Circus_-_geograph.org.uk_-_426548.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Golf_sale_man_at_Oxford_Circus_-_geograph.org.uk_-_426548.jpg/170px-Golf_sale_man_at_Oxford_Circus_-_geograph.org.uk_-_426548.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Golf_sale_man_at_Oxford_Circus_-_geograph.org.uk_-_426548.jpg/255px-Golf_sale_man_at_Oxford_Circus_-_geograph.org.uk_-_426548.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Golf_sale_man_at_Oxford_Circus_-_geograph.org.uk_-_426548.jpg/340px-Golf_sale_man_at_Oxford_Circus_-_geograph.org.uk_-_426548.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>A "golf sale" sign in Oxford Circus in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2002, a London judge ruled that "golf sale" placards were not covered by laws on attaching adverts to buildings,<sup id="cite_ref-ind_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ind-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to an increase in human billboards in central London. Writing in the Guardian, <a href="/wiki/John_Harris_(critic)" title="John Harris (critic)">John Harris</a> described them as "huge, seven-foot square things, bolted on to tubular constructions that look like crucifixes".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A law was planned to ban them in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-ind_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ind-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_billboard&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <i><a href="/wiki/NCIS:_Los_Angeles" title="NCIS: Los Angeles">NCIS: Los Angeles</a></i> <a href="/wiki/NCIS:_Los_Angeles_(season_4)" class="mw-redirect" title="NCIS: Los Angeles (season 4)">season 4</a> episode 11 ("Drive") <a href="/wiki/List_of_NCIS:_Los_Angeles_characters#Marty_Deeks" title="List of NCIS: Los Angeles characters">Marty Deeks</a> goes undercover as a sign twirler.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Five-0_(2010_TV_series)" title="Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)">Hawaii Five-0</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Five-0_(2010_TV_series,_season_5)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series, season 5)">season 5</a> episode 10 ("Wawahi moeʻuhane"/"Broken Dreams") Jerry Ortega gets a job as a sign twirler working for Kamekona.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>In the 2020 film <i><a href="/wiki/Soul_(2020_film)" title="Soul (2020 film)">Soul</a></i>, major supporting character Moonwind is a sign twirler.</li></ul> <ul><li>Lead character Evelyn Wang in the 2022 film <i><a href="/wiki/Everything_Everywhere_All_At_Once" class="mw-redirect" title="Everything Everywhere All At Once">Everything Everywhere All At Once</a></i> is a sign twirler in another universe.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_billboard&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Green_(Protein_Man)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanley Green (Protein Man)">Stanley Green (Protein Man)</a>, well-known Londoner who campaigned against dietary protein for many years</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forehead_advertising" title="Forehead advertising">Forehead advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwich_board" title="Sandwich board">Sandwich board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chindon%27ya" title="Chindon'ya">Chindon'ya</a> - traditional walking advertisements in Japan</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_billboard&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-u75-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-u75_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-u75_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urban75.org/london/billboards.html">"London placard carriers and 'sandwich men', 1820–1840"</a>. <i>Urban75.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=We%27re+no+mugs%2C+we%27ve+sold+our+faces&rft.date=2012-03-04&rft.aulast=Grimston&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fwere-no-mugs-weve-sold-our-faces-2zdbxcjx5z3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+billboard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-dorset-15399217">"Pair sell advertising face space"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 21 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Pair+sell+advertising+face+space&rft.date=2011-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-dorset-15399217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+billboard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2015" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Kim (8 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2015/sep/08/bitcoin-young-entrepreneur-university-funding">"From BuyMyFace to bitcoin, what's next for young entrepreneur Ed?"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=From+BuyMyFace+to+bitcoin%2C+what%27s+next+for+young+entrepreneur+Ed%3F&rft.date=2015-09-08&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsmall-business-network%2F2015%2Fsep%2F08%2Fbitcoin-young-entrepreneur-university-funding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+billboard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ind-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ind_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ind_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2006" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Genevieve (12 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-end-of-the-world-is-nigh-for-oxford-street-s-boardmen-6098412.html">"The end of the world is nigh for Oxford Street's boardmen"</a>. <i>The Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+end+of+the+world+is+nigh+for+Oxford+Street%27s+boardmen&rft.date=2006-06-12&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Genevieve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fthis-britain%2Fthe-end-of-the-world-is-nigh-for-oxford-street-s-boardmen-6098412.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+billboard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2005" class="citation news cs1">Harris, John (16 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/money/2005/nov/16/workandcareers.shopping">"The 'board guys' of London's west end"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+%27board+guys%27+of+London%27s+west+end&rft.date=2005-11-16&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmoney%2F2005%2Fnov%2F16%2Fworkandcareers.shopping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+billboard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2013" class="citation web cs1">Day, Carla (9 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvfanatic.com/2013/01/ncis-los-angeles-review-drive/">"NCIS: Los Angeles Review: Crockett, Tubbs, Krafty and a Sign Spinner"</a>. TV Fanatic<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NCIS%3A+Los+Angeles+Review%3A+Crockett%2C+Tubbs%2C+Krafty+and+a+Sign+Spinner&rft.pub=TV+Fanatic&rft.date=2013-01-09&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Carla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvfanatic.com%2F2013%2F01%2Fncis-los-angeles-review-drive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+billboard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStormy_Elizabeth2013" class="citation web cs1">Stormy Elizabeth (2 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.celebdirtylaundry.com/2015/hawaii-five-0-recap-1215-season-5-episode-10-wawahi-moeuhane/">"Hawaii Five-0 Recap – Dead Hula Girl: Season 5 Episode 10 'Wawahi Moe'uhane'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Celeb Dirty Laundry<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hawaii+Five-0+Recap+%E2%80%93+Dead+Hula+Girl%3A+Season+5+Episode+10+%27Wawahi+Moe%27uhane%27&rft.pub=Celeb+Dirty+Laundry&rft.date=2013-01-02&rft.au=Stormy+Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.celebdirtylaundry.com%2F2015%2Fhawaii-five-0-recap-1215-season-5-episode-10-wawahi-moeuhane%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+billboard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_billboard&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorsley2006" class="citation news cs1">Horsley, Scott (24 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5701616">"Real Estate Downturn Produces Condo Glut"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Edition" title="Morning Edition">Morning Edition</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">National Public Radio</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morning+Edition&rft.atitle=Real+Estate+Downturn+Produces+Condo+Glut&rft.date=2006-08-24&rft.aulast=Horsley&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D5701616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+billboard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz2012" class="citation news cs1">Katz, Celeste (13 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/public-advocate-bill-de-blasio-bbh-global-homeless-hotspot-stunt-nyc-blog-entry-1.1689398">"Public Advocate Bill de Blasio To BBH Global: Keep Your 'Homeless Hotspot' Stunt Out Of NYC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News (New York)">Daily News</a></i>. New York.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=Public+Advocate+Bill+de+Blasio+To+BBH+Global%3A+Keep+Your+%27Homeless+Hotspot%27+Stunt+Out+Of+NYC&rft.date=2012-03-13&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Celeste&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fblogs%2Fdailypolitics%2Fpublic-advocate-bill-de-blasio-bbh-global-homeless-hotspot-stunt-nyc-blog-entry-1.1689398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+billboard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2013" class="citation news cs1">Schmidt, Alex (16 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2013/10/16/232105767/there-s-a-new-kind-of-sign-spinner-in-town">"There's A New Kind Of Sign Spinner In Town"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Edition" title="Morning Edition">Morning Edition</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morning+Edition&rft.atitle=There%27s+A+New+Kind+Of+Sign+Spinner+In+Town&rft.date=2013-10-16&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2013%2F10%2F16%2F232105767%2Fthere-s-a-new-kind-of-sign-spinner-in-town&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+billboard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpe2006" class="citation news cs1">Sharpe, Jennifer (29 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6166814">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Human Directionals' Twirling for Your Attention"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Day_to_Day" title="Day to Day">Day to Day</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">National Public Radio</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Day+to+Day&rft.atitle=%27Human+Directionals%27+Twirling+for+Your+Attention&rft.date=2006-09-29&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D6166814&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+billboard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWortham2012" class="citation news cs1">Wortham, Jenna (12 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/13/technology/homeless-as-wi-fi-transmitters-creates-a-stir-in-austin.html">"Use of Homeless as Internet Hot Spots Backfires on Marketer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Use+of+Homeless+as+Internet+Hot+Spots+Backfires+on+Marketer&rft.date=2012-03-12&rft.aulast=Wortham&rft.aufirst=Jenna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F03%2F13%2Ftechnology%2Fhomeless-as-wi-fi-transmitters-creates-a-stir-in-austin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+billboard" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_billboard&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_billboards" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Human billboards">Human billboards</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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