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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1998–2015 British fabless semiconductor company</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">CSR plc</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_Silicon_Radio_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cambridge_Silicon_Radio_logo.svg/230px-Cambridge_Silicon_Radio_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cambridge_Silicon_Radio_logo.svg/345px-Cambridge_Silicon_Radio_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cambridge_Silicon_Radio_logo.svg/460px-Cambridge_Silicon_Radio_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="35" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_limited_company" title="Public limited company">Public limited company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductors</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications">Communications</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1998<span class="noprint">; 26 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1998</span>)</span> (as Cambridge Silicon Radio)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">14 August 2015<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2015-08-14</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Acquired by <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, England, U.K.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Ron Mackintosh (<a href="/wiki/Chair_(official)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chair (official)">chairman</a>)<br /> Joep van Beurden (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)<br /> Will Gardiner (<a href="/wiki/Chief_financial_officer" title="Chief financial officer">CFO</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fabless" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabless">Fabless</a> semiconductor that included connectivity, audio, imaging and <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> chips</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a></span>774.8 million (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-ar_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a></span>97.0 million (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-ar_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a></span>96.8 million (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-ar_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://csr.com">csr.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>CSR plc</b> (formerly <b>Cambridge Silicon Radio</b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> <a href="/wiki/Fabless_semiconductor_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabless semiconductor company">fabless semiconductor company</a> headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, United Kingdom. Its main products were connectivity, audio, imaging and location chips. CSR was listed on the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a> and was a constituent of the <a href="/wiki/FTSE_250_Index" title="FTSE 250 Index">FTSE 250 Index</a> until it was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a> in August 2015. Under Qualcomm's ownership, the company was renamed Qualcomm Technologies International, Ltd. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CSR_plc&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The company was founded in 1998 and split away from <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Consultants" title="Cambridge Consultants">Cambridge Consultants</a> as <i>Cambridge Silicon Radio</i> or CSR in 1999. The founding directors, who were all at Cambridge Consultants at the time were <a href="/wiki/Phil_O%27Donovan" title="Phil O'Donovan">Phil O'Donovan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_D._Y._Collier" title="James D. Y. Collier">James Collier</a> and Glenn Collinson.<sup id="cite_ref-camphenom_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camphenom-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005 the company acquired Clarity Technologies, a leading clear voice capture (CVC) business<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and UbiNetics, a 3G wireless (<a href="/wiki/WCDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="WCDMA">WCDMA</a>/<a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a>/<a href="/wiki/HSDPA" class="mw-redirect" title="HSDPA">HSDPA</a>) technology company.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, CSR acquired Nordnav, a Swedish-based <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> software company, and CPS, a Cambridge-based GPS software company producing <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_GPS" title="Enhanced GPS">Enhanced GPS</a> in partnership with Motorola.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2009, CSR announced it was merging with <a href="/wiki/SiRF" title="SiRF">SiRF</a>, the biggest global supplier of GPS chips, in a share deal worth $136 million;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in July 2010, CSR announced the acquisition of Belfast-based APT Licensing Ltd. (APT) and its <a href="/wiki/AptX" title="AptX">aptX</a> audio technology<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in February 2011, CSR announced it was merging with <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Corporation" title="Zoran Corporation">Zoran</a>, a video and imaging technology company.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2012, CSR acquired Direct Digital Feedback Amplifier (DDFA) technology, a proprietary, highly scalable digital Class-D audio amplifier technology;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in June 2012, CSR announced that it had acquired the MAPX (formerly MAP-X) audio product line from <a href="/wiki/Trident_Microsystems" title="Trident Microsystems">Trident Microsystems</a>, Inc<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in July 2012, <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung Electronics</a> agreed to acquire CSR's mobile phone connectivity (Bluetooth and Wi-Fi) and location (GPS/GNSS) businesses and associated IP for US$310 million (£198 million).<sup id="cite_ref-reut17712_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reut17712-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the deal Samsung acquired a stake of 4.9% in CSR.<sup id="cite_ref-reut17712_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reut17712-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2014, CSR acquired the people and technology of Reciva, a networked audio streaming platform, for US$5 million<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in October 2014, the acquisition of CSR by <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a> for $2.5 billion was agreed.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The transaction was completed in August 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products">Products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CSR_plc&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nokia_X2-02_-_csr_BC7820-1741.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Nokia_X2-02_-_csr_BC7820-1741.jpg/220px-Nokia_X2-02_-_csr_BC7820-1741.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Nokia_X2-02_-_csr_BC7820-1741.jpg/330px-Nokia_X2-02_-_csr_BC7820-1741.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Nokia_X2-02_-_csr_BC7820-1741.jpg/440px-Nokia_X2-02_-_csr_BC7820-1741.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2010" data-file-height="2010" /></a><figcaption>CSR BC7820</figcaption></figure> <p>CSR's products included platform solutions for <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>, <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM broadcasting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>, audio, imaging, and <a href="/wiki/ARM_processor" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM processor">ARM processors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Zoran merger, CSR also made digital imaging products based on the <a href="/wiki/MIPS_architecture" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offices">Offices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CSR_plc&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Offices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_Business_Park_CSR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Cambridge_Business_Park_CSR.jpg/220px-Cambridge_Business_Park_CSR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Cambridge_Business_Park_CSR.jpg/330px-Cambridge_Business_Park_CSR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Cambridge_Business_Park_CSR.jpg/440px-Cambridge_Business_Park_CSR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Churchill House, part of CSR's corporate campus at the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Business_Park" title="Cambridge Business Park">Cambridge Business Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>CSR had 27 offices in 13 countries: </p> <ul><li>Churchill House, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Business_Park" title="Cambridge Business Park">Cambridge Business Park</a>, Cambridge, UK</li> <li>Trinity House, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Business_Park" title="Cambridge Business Park">Cambridge Business Park</a>, Cambridge, UK</li> <li>Selwyn House, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Business_Park" title="Cambridge Business Park">Cambridge Business Park</a>, Cambridge, UK</li> <li>Unit 400, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Science_Park" title="Cambridge Science Park">Cambridge Science Park</a>, Cambridge, UK</li> <li>Part of St. John's House, St. John's Innovation Park, Cambridge, UK</li> <li>Quay West, <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, England, UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_and_Bath_Science_Park" title="Bristol and Bath Science Park">Bristol and Bath Science Park</a>, Bristol, England, UK</li> <li>Legacy Building, <a href="/wiki/Catalyst_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalyst Inc">Catalyst Inc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>, Northern Ireland, UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Freiburg">Freiburg</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, Israel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills, Michigan</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnyvale,_California" title="Sunnyvale, California">Sunnyvale, California</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana, California</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Massachusetts" title="Burlington, Massachusetts">Burlington, Massachusetts</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano,_Texas" title="Plano, Texas">Plano, Texas</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, China</li> <li>Prestige Technology Park II, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noida" title="Noida">Noida</a>, India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, Japan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seongnam" title="Seongnam">Seongnam</a>, Gyunggi-Do, Korea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumi,_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumi, South Korea">Gumi</a>, Korea</li> <li>United Square, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, Taiwan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongli_District" title="Zhongli District">Zhongli</a>, Taiwan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lund" title="Lund">Lund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ideon_Science_Park" title="Ideon Science Park">Ideon Science Park</a>, Sweden</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CSR_plc&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ar-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ar_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ar_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ar_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402155550/http://csr.com/sites/default/files/result-presentations/results/pdf/csr-2014-annual-report-2104.pdf">"Annual Report 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. CSR plc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://csr.com/sites/default/files/result-presentations/results/pdf/csr-2014-annual-report-2104.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2014&rft.pub=CSR+plc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcsr.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fresult-presentations%2Fresults%2Fpdf%2Fcsr-2014-annual-report-2104.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACSR+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220110180203/https://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/the-fellowship/new-fellows-2017/fellows/philip-o-donovan">"Philip O'Donovan - Royal Academy of Engineering"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/the-fellowship/new-fellows-2017/fellows/philip-o-donovan">the original</a> on 10 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Philip+O%27Donovan+-+Royal+Academy+of+Engineering&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.raeng.org.uk%2Fabout-us%2Fthe-fellowship%2Fnew-fellows-2017%2Ffellows%2Fphilip-o-donovan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACSR+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-camphenom-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-camphenom_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkCotton2012" class="citation book cs1">Kirk, Kate; Cotton, Charles (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridgephenomenon.com"><i>The Cambridge Phenomenon: 50 years of innovation and enterprise</i></a>. London: Third Millennium Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781906507527" title="Special:BookSources/9781906507527"><bdi>9781906507527</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Phenomenon%3A+50+years+of+innovation+and+enterprise&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Third+Millennium+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781906507527&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft.au=Cotton%2C+Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridgephenomenon.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACSR+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">and became a FTSE250 company in the same year. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.zdnet.co.uk/hardware/0,1000000091,39147410,00.htm">Blue tooth firms IPO share fetch top price</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080417042237/http://news.zdnet.co.uk/hardware/0,1000000091,39147410,00.htm">Archived</a> 17 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ic-tech.com/newroom/CSRacquisitionClarityTechnologies.html">"CSR plc acquisition of Clarity Technologies, Inc"</a>. <i>ic-tech.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ic-tech.com&rft.atitle=CSR+plc+acquisition+of+Clarity+Technologies%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ic-tech.com%2Fnewroom%2FCSRacquisitionClarityTechnologies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACSR+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710083334/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2005_July_28/ai_n14834293/">"FindArticles.com | CBSi"</a>. <i>findarticles.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/?noadc=1">the original</a> on 10 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=findarticles.com&rft.atitle=FindArticles.com+%26%23124%3B+CBSi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2F%3Fnoadc%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACSR+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edn-europe.com/csrbuysnordnavcpstoaddgpscapability+article+432+Europe.html">"EDN - Industry News, Learning center, electronic design center"</a>. <i>edn-europe.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=edn-europe.com&rft.atitle=EDN+-+Industry+News%2C+Learning+center%2C+electronic+design+center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edn-europe.com%2Fcsrbuysnordnavcpstoaddgpscapability%2Barticle%2B432%2BEurope.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACSR+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120116043331/http://production.investis.com/csr_tools/rns/rnsitem?id=1234249266nRnsJ0578N">"Merger Agreement with SiRF"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://production.investis.com/csr_tools/rns/rnsitem?id=1234249266nRnsJ0578N">the original</a> on 16 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Merger+Agreement+with+SiRF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fproduction.investis.com%2Fcsr_tools%2Frns%2Frnsitem%3Fid%3D1234249266nRnsJ0578N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACSR+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/electronics-news/csr-buys-belfast-based-audio-compression-specialist/26654/">"CSR buys Belfast based audio compression specialist"</a>. New Electronics. 28 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://production.investis.com/csr_tools/rns/rnsitem?id=4061085">the original</a> on 27 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csr.com/annualreport2010/">the original</a> on 30 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=csr.com&rft.atitle=CSR+Joins+Qualcomm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csr.com%2Fannualreport2010%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACSR+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130215194317/http://www.csr.com/products/76/supratv265">"CSR Wireless Technology Product Finder"</a>. <i>csr.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csr.com/products/76/supratv265">the original</a> on 15 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=csr.com&rft.atitle=CSR+Wireless+Technology+Product+Finder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csr.com%2Fproducts%2F76%2Fsupratv265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACSR+plc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csr.com/products/coach16">"CSR Wireless Technology Product Finder"</a>. <i>csr.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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technology in the United Kingdom">Science and technology in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee">Infrastructure<br />providers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arqiva" title="Arqiva">Arqiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babcock_International" title="Babcock International">Babcock International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Wholesale_and_Ventures" title="BT Wholesale and Ventures">BT Wholesale and Ventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CityFibre" title="CityFibre">CityFibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCOM_Group" title="KCOM Group">KCOM Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexfibre" title="Nexfibre">Nexfibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openreach" title="Openreach">Openreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interxion" title="Interxion">Interxion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TelecityGroup" title="TelecityGroup">TelecityGroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telehouse_Europe" title="Telehouse Europe">Telehouse Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee">Service<br />providers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrews_%26_Arnold" title="Andrews & Arnold">Andrews & Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asda_Mobile" title="Asda Mobile">Asda Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/BT_Consumer" title="BT Consumer">BT Consumer</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/BT_Business_and_Public_Sector" title="BT Business and Public Sector">BT Business and Public Sector</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/BT_Global_Services" title="BT Global Services">BT Global Services</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/EE_(telecommunications)" title="EE (telecommunications)">EE</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Plusnet" title="Plusnet">Plusnet</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Mobile" title="China Mobile">China Mobile</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/China_Mobile#United_Kingdom" title="China Mobile">CMLink</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claranet" title="Claranet">Claranet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_Technology_Services" title="Colt Technology Services">Colt Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Phone_Co-op" title="The Phone Co-op">The Co-operative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_%26_Wireless_Communications" title="Cable & Wireless Communications">Cable & Wireless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entanet" title="Entanet">Entanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inmarsat" title="Inmarsat">Inmarsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCOM_Group" title="KCOM Group">KCOM Group</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Internet" title="Eclipse Internet">Eclipse Internet</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebara" title="Lebara">Lebara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycamobile" title="Lycamobile">Lycamobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Sky_Broadband" title="Sky Broadband">Sky Broadband</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spusu" title="Spusu">spusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_Group" title="TalkTalk Group">TalkTalk</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_Business" title="TalkTalk Business">Business</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_Group#Mobile_telephony" title="TalkTalk Group">Mobile</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_TV" title="TalkTalk TV">TV</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Plus" title="Telecom Plus">Telecom Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesco_Mobile" title="Tesco Mobile">Tesco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_(company)" title="3 (company)">Three</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Three_UK" title="Three UK">Three UK</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/SMARTY" title="SMARTY">SMARTY</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truphone" title="Truphone">Tru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunk_Networks" title="Trunk Networks">Trunk Networks</a> <ul><li><small>Leetline</small></li> <li><small>No One</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/O2_(UK)" title="O2 (UK)">O2</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Giffgaff" title="Giffgaff">Giffgaff</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Business" title="Virgin Media Business">Virgin Media Business</a></small></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_UK" title="Vodafone UK">Vodafone UK</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Talkmobile" title="Talkmobile">Talkmobile</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voipfone" title="Voipfone">Voipfone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WightFibre" title="WightFibre">WightFibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_Internet" title="Zen Internet">Zen Internet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AOL_Broadband" title="AOL Broadband">AOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Telegraph_Company" title="Atlantic Telegraph Company">Atlantic Telegraph Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be_Un_Limited" title="Be Un Limited">Be Un Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonelli%27s_Electric_Telegraph_Company" title="Bonelli's Electric Telegraph Company">Bonelli's Electric Telegraph Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_and_Irish_Magnetic_Telegraph_Company" title="British and Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company">British and Irish Magnetic Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_%26_Wireless_plc" title="Cable & Wireless plc">Cable & Wireless plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_%26_Wireless_Worldwide" title="Cable & Wireless Worldwide">Cable & Wireless Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_Telegraph_Company" title="Electric Telegraph Company">Electric Telegraph Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energis" title="Energis">Energis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Mobile" title="Family Mobile">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office" title="General Post Office">General Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutta_Percha_Company" title="Gutta Percha Company">Gutta Percha Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionica_(company)" title="Ionica (company)">Ionica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_District_Telegraph_Company" title="London District Telegraph Company">London & Provincial District Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Communications" title="Mercury Communications">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Telephone_Company" title="National Telephone Company">National Telephone Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTL_Incorporated" title="NTL Incorporated">NTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_UK" title="Orange UK">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovivo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovivo">Ovivo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Office_Limited" title="Post Office Limited">Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipex" title="Pipex">Pipex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(telecommunications)" title="Rabbit (telecommunications)">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_by_Sainsbury%27s" title="Mobile by Sainsbury's">Sainsbury's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Telegraph_Company" title="Submarine Telegraph Company">Submarine Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiscali_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiscali UK">Tiscali UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_UK" title="T-Mobile UK">T-Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Private_Telegraph_Company" title="Universal Private Telegraph Company">Universal Private Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_(UK)" title="Virgin Mobile (UK)">Virgin Mobile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee">Suppliers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icera" title="Icera">Icera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaswitch" title="Metaswitch">Metaswitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarantel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarantel">Sarantel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirent" title="Spirent">Spirent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telent" title="Telent">Telent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSR_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="CSR (company)">CSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEC_Plessey_Telecommunications" title="GEC Plessey Telecommunications">GEC Plessey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marconi_Company" title="Marconi Company">Marconi Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marconi_Communications" title="Marconi Communications">Marconi Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_plc" title="Pace plc">Pace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PicoChip" title="PicoChip">PicoChip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Telephones_and_Cables" title="Standard Telephones and Cables">Standard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carphone_Warehouse" title="Carphone Warehouse">Carphone Warehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibu" title="Hibu">Hibu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Government and<br />regulatory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadband_Stakeholder_Group" title="Broadband Stakeholder Group">Broadband Stakeholder Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Science_and_Technology_Laboratory" title="Defence Science and Technology Laboratory">Defence Science and Technology Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conference_of_Postal_and_Telecommunications_Administrations" title="European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations">European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone-paid_Services_Authority" title="Phone-paid Services Authority">Phone-paid Services Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Industry bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="GSM Association">GSM Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Service_Providers_Association_(United_Kingdom)" title="Internet Service Providers Association (United Kingdom)">Internet Service Providers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Telephony_Services_Providers%27_Association" title="Internet Telephony Services Providers' Association">Internet Telephony Services Providers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LONAP" title="LONAP">LONAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Internet_Exchange" title="London Internet Exchange">London Internet Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Network_Access_Point" title="Manchester Network Access Point">MaNAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbian_Foundation" title="Symbian Foundation">Symbian Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">In <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia#Communications" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Anguilla" title="Telecommunications in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Antarctica" title="Telecommunications in Antarctica">Antarctica</a> (including <a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bermuda" title="Telecommunications in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guernsey" title="Telecommunications in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jersey" title="Telecommunications in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Montserrat" title="Telecommunications in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha#Communications" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">History,<br />legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adastral_Park" title="Adastral Park">Adastral Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Approvals_Board_for_Telecommunications" title="British Approvals Board for Telecommunications">British Approvals Board for Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Telecommunications_Act_1981" title="British Telecommunications Act 1981">British Telecommunications Act 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_telephone_sockets" class="mw-redirect" title="British telephone sockets">British telephone sockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Research" title="BT Research">BT Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_site_engineering_code" title="BT site engineering code">BT site engineering code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzby" title="Buzby">Buzby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Act_2003" title="Communications Act 2003">Communications Act 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Earth_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Earth stations in the United Kingdom">Earth stations in UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Colour_Pages" title="Hull Colour Pages">Hull Colour Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interception_of_Communications_Act_1985" title="Interception of Communications Act 1985">Interception of Communications Act 1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Internet in the United Kingdom">Internet in UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_Act" title="Telegraph Act">Telegraph Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_Act_1868" title="Telegraph Act 1868">Telegraph Act 1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_Act_1885" title="Telegraph Act 1885">Telegraph Act 1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Telephone numbers in UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_telephone_code_misconceptions" title="UK telephone code misconceptions">UK telephone code misconceptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_blocking_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Web blocking in the United Kingdom">Web blocking in UK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Open_Handset_Alliance" style="vertical-align: middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Open_Handset_Alliance_Members" title="Template:Open Handset Alliance Members"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Open_Handset_Alliance_Members" title="Template talk:Open Handset Alliance Members"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Open_Handset_Alliance_Members" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Open Handset Alliance Members"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Open_Handset_Alliance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Open_Handset_Alliance" title="Open Handset Alliance">Open Handset Alliance</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_network_operator" title="Mobile network operator">Mobile<br />operators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouygues_Telecom" title="Bouygues Telecom">Bouygues Telecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Mobile" title="China Mobile">China Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Telecommunications_Corporation" title="China Telecommunications Corporation">China Telecommunications Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Unicom" title="China Unicom">China Unicom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruppo_TIM" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruppo TIM">Gruppo TIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDDI" title="KDDI">KDDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Telecom" title="Nepal Telecom">Nepal Telecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTT_Docomo" title="NTT Docomo">NTT Docomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoftBank_Group" title="SoftBank Group">SoftBank Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3nica" title="Telefónica">Telefónica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telus" title="Telus">Telus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">Software</a><br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Access_(company)" title="Access (company)">Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascender_Corporation" title="Ascender Corporation">Ascender Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myriad_Group" title="Myriad Group">Myriad Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuance_Communications" title="Nuance Communications">Nuance Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omron" title="Omron">Omron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PacketVideo" title="PacketVideo">PacketVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVOX" title="SVOX">SVOX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisualOn" class="mw-redirect" title="VisualOn">VisualOn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a><br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AKM_Semiconductor" title="AKM Semiconductor">AKM Semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arm_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arm (company)">Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audience_(company)" title="Audience (company)">Audience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcom_Corporation" title="Broadcom Corporation">Broadcom</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CSR plc</a> (joined as <a href="/wiki/SiRF" title="SiRF">SiRF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Semiconductor" title="Cypress Semiconductor">Cypress Semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freescale_Semiconductor" title="Freescale Semiconductor">Freescale Semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemalto" title="Gemalto">Gemalto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Marvell Technology Group">Marvell Technology Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaTek" title="MediaTek">MediaTek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIPS_Technologies" title="MIPS Technologies">MIPS Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm_Atheros" title="Qualcomm Atheros">Qualcomm Atheros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renesas_Electronics" title="Renesas Electronics">Renesas Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ST-Ericsson" title="ST-Ericsson">ST-Ericsson</a> (joined as <a href="/wiki/Ericsson_Mobile_Platforms" title="Ericsson Mobile Platforms">Ericsson Mobile Platforms</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synaptics" title="Synaptics">Synaptics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Handset</a><br />makers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acer_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Acer Inc">Acer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcatel_Mobile_Phones" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcatel Mobile Phones">Alcatel Mobile Phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asus" title="Asus">Asus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaudhary_Group" title="Chaudhary Group">Chaudhary Group</a> (with association of <a href="/wiki/LG" title="LG">LG</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compal_Electronics" title="Compal Electronics">CCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxconn" title="Foxconn">Foxconn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garmin" title="Garmin">Garmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTC" title="HTC">HTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a> (banned 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyocera" title="Kyocera">Kyocera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorola_Mobility" title="Motorola Mobility">Motorola Mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Mobile" title="Sony Mobile">Sony Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZTE" title="ZTE">ZTE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">Commercialization</a><br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accenture" title="Accenture">Accenture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borqs" title="Borqs">Borqs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasken_Communication_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasken Communication Technologies">Sasken Communication Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleca" class="mw-redirect" title="Teleca">Teleca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astonishing_Tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="The Astonishing Tribe">The Astonishing Tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_River_Systems" title="Wind River Systems">Wind River Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wipro_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Wipro Technologies">Wipro Technologies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalvik_(software)" title="Dalvik (software)">Dalvik virtual machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Nexus" title="Google Nexus">Google Nexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTC_Dream" title="HTC Dream">T-Mobile G1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" 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