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id="toc-Women's_artistic_gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's_artistic_gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Women's artistic gymnastics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women's_artistic_gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apparatus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apparatus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Apparatus</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Apparatus-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Apparatus subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Apparatus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Men_and_women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Men_and_women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Men and women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Men_and_women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vault" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vault"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Vault</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vault-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_champions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_champions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.1</span> <span>Notable champions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_champions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Floor_exercise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Floor_exercise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Floor exercise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Floor_exercise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_champions_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_champions_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2.1</span> <span>Notable champions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_champions_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Men_only" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Men_only"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Men only</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Men_only-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pommel_horse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pommel_horse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Pommel horse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pommel_horse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_champions_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_champions_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1.1</span> <span>Notable champions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_champions_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Still_rings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Still_rings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Still rings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Still_rings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_champions_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_champions_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.1</span> <span>Notable champions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_champions_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parallel_bars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parallel_bars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Parallel bars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parallel_bars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_champions_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_champions_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3.1</span> <span>Notable champions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_champions_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horizontal_bar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horizontal_bar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Horizontal bar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horizontal_bar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_champions_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_champions_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4.1</span> <span>Notable champions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_champions_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_only" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_only"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Women only</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_only-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uneven_bars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uneven_bars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Uneven bars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uneven_bars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_champions_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_champions_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1.1</span> <span>Notable champions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_champions_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balance_beam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balance_beam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Balance beam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balance_beam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_champions_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_champions_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2.1</span> <span>Notable champions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_champions_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competition_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competition_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Competition format</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Competition_format-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Competition format subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Competition_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>New life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compulsories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compulsories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Compulsories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compulsories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competition_levels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competition_levels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Competition levels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competition_levels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Age_requirements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Age_requirements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Age requirements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Age_requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scoring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scoring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Scoring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scoring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_competitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_competitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Major competitions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Major_competitions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Major competitions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Major_competitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Global" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Global</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Regional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Multi-sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Multi-sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multi-sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gymnastics_only" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gymnastics_only"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Gymnastics only</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gymnastics_only-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>National</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dominant_teams_and_nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dominant_teams_and_nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dominant teams and nations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dominant_teams_and_nations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dominant teams and nations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dominant_teams_and_nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-USSR_and_post-Soviet_republics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#USSR_and_post-Soviet_republics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>USSR and post-Soviet republics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-USSR_and_post-Soviet_republics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Romania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czechoslovakia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czechoslovakia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Czechoslovakia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czechoslovakia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Hungary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Other nations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_consequences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_consequences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Health consequences</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health_consequences-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Health consequences subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Health_consequences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physical_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Physical health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mental_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mental_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Mental health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mental_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies_and_abuse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies_and_abuse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Controversies and abuse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies_and_abuse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Artistic gymnastics</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A" title="جمباز فني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمباز فني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0dman_gimnastikas%C4%B1" title="İdman gimnastikası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İdman gimnastikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8" title="আর্টিস্টিক জিমন্যাস্টিকস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আর্টিস্টিক জিমন্যাস্টিকস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Спартыўная гімнастыка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Спартыўная гімнастыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Спартовая гімнастыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Спартовая гімнастыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Спортна гимнастика – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Спортна гимнастика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimn%C3%A0stica_art%C3%ADstica" title="Gimnàstica artística – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gimnàstica artística" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportovn%C3%AD_gymnastika" title="Sportovní gymnastika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sportovní gymnastika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnasteg_artistig" title="Gymnasteg artistig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gymnasteg artistig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redskabsgymnastik" title="Redskabsgymnastik – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Redskabsgymnastik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger%C3%A4tturnen" title="Gerätturnen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gerätturnen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riistv%C3%B5imlemine" title="Riistvõimlemine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Riistvõimlemine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%B3%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Ενόργανη γυμναστική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ενόργανη γυμναστική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnasia_art%C3%ADstica" title="Gimnasia artística – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gimnasia artística" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arta_gimnastiko" title="Arta gimnastiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arta gimnastiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastika_artistiko" title="Gimnastika artistiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gimnastika artistiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ژیمناستیک هنری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژیمناستیک هنری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastique_artistique" title="Gymnastique artistique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gymnastique artistique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnjen" title="Turnjen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turnjen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleaca%C3%ADocht_Eala%C3%ADonta" title="Gleacaíocht Ealaíonta – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gleacaíocht Ealaíonta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ximnasia_art%C3%ADstica" title="Ximnasia artística – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ximnasia artística" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EA%B3%84_%EC%B2%B4%EC%A1%B0" title="기계 체조 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기계 체조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Սպորտային մարմնամարզություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սպորտային մարմնամարզություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0portska_gimnastika" title="Športska gimnastika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Športska gimnastika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senam_artistik" title="Senam artistik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Senam artistik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastica_artistic" title="Gymnastica artistic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gymnastica artistic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistic_gimnastica" title="Artistic gimnastica – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Artistic gimnastica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginnastica_artistica" title="Ginnastica artistica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ginnastica artistica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="התעמלות מכשירים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התעמלות מכשירים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Спорттық гимнастика – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Спорттық гимнастика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konschtturnen" title="Konschtturnen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Konschtturnen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportin%C4%97_gimnastika" title="Sportinė gimnastika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sportinė gimnastika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galas%C3%ADsi_kit%C9%94%CC%81k%C9%94" title="Galasísi kitɔ́kɔ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Galasísi kitɔ́kɔ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastik_artistik" title="Gimnastik artistik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gimnastik artistik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnen" title="Turnen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turnen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E6%93%8D%E7%AB%B6%E6%8A%80" title="体操競技 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="体操競技" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turn" title="Turn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Turn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turn" title="Turn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Turn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_gimnastikasi" title="Sport gimnastikasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sport gimnastikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastyka_sportowa" title="Gimnastyka sportowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gimnastyka sportowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gin%C3%A1stica_art%C3%ADstica" title="Ginástica artística – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ginástica artística" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastic%C4%83_artistic%C4%83" title="Gimnastică artistică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gimnastică artistică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastica_als_urdeins" title="Gimnastica als urdeins – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Gimnastica als urdeins" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Спортивная гимнастика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спортивная гимнастика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="කලාත්මක ජිම්නාස්ටික් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කලාත්මක ජිම්නාස්ටික්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0portna_gimnastika" title="Športna gimnastika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Športna gimnastika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportska_gimnastika" title="Sportska gimnastika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sportska gimnastika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telinevoimistelu" title="Telinevoimistelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Telinevoimistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistisk_gymnastik" title="Artistisk gymnastik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Artistisk gymnastik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கலைநய சீருடற்பயிற்சிகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கலைநய சீருடற்பயிற்சிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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style="display:none">Discipline of gymnastics involving forms of performance art</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Artistic gymnastics</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Illia_Kovtun_performing_in_the_men%27s_parallel_bars_final_at_Paris_2024.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Illia_Kovtun_performing_in_the_men%27s_parallel_bars_final_at_Paris_2024.png/280px-Illia_Kovtun_performing_in_the_men%27s_parallel_bars_final_at_Paris_2024.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Illia_Kovtun_performing_in_the_men%27s_parallel_bars_final_at_Paris_2024.png/420px-Illia_Kovtun_performing_in_the_men%27s_parallel_bars_final_at_Paris_2024.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Illia_Kovtun_performing_in_the_men%27s_parallel_bars_final_at_Paris_2024.png/560px-Illia_Kovtun_performing_in_the_men%27s_parallel_bars_final_at_Paris_2024.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Illia_Kovtun" title="Illia Kovtun">Illia Kovtun</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics" title="2024 Summer Olympics">2024 Summer Olympics</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Highest <a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">governing body</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Gymnastics_Federation" title="International Gymnastics Federation">Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Registered players</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1881</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mixed-sex_sports" title="Mixed-sex sports">Mixed-sex</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Indoor</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Presence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Since the first Summer Olympics in 1896</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Artistic gymnastics</b> is a discipline of <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">gymnastics</a> in which athletes perform short routines on different types of apparatus. The sport is governed by the <a href="/wiki/Federation_Internationale_de_Gymnastique" class="mw-redirect" title="Federation Internationale de Gymnastique">Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique</a> (FIG), which assigns the <i><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Points_(artistic_gymnastics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Code of Points (artistic gymnastics)">Code of Points</a></i> used to score performances and regulates all aspects of elite international competition. Within individual countries, gymnastics is regulated by national federations such as <a href="/wiki/British_Gymnastics" title="British Gymnastics">British Gymnastics</a> and <a href="/wiki/USA_Gymnastics" title="USA Gymnastics">USA Gymnastics</a>. Artistic gymnastics is a popular <a href="/wiki/Spectator_sport" title="Spectator sport">spectator sport</a> at many competitions, including the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympic Games</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-94681-0002,_Werner_D%C3%B6lling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-94681-0002%2C_Werner_D%C3%B6lling.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-94681-0002%2C_Werner_D%C3%B6lling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-94681-0002%2C_Werner_D%C3%B6lling.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-94681-0002%2C_Werner_D%C3%B6lling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-94681-0002%2C_Werner_D%C3%B6lling.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-94681-0002%2C_Werner_D%C3%B6lling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption>A gymnast performing on the <a href="/wiki/Parallel_bars" title="Parallel bars">parallel bars</a> in 1962.</figcaption></figure> <p>The gymnastic system was mentioned in writings by ancient authors, including <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It included many disciplines that later became independent sports, such as swimming, <a href="/wiki/Racing" title="Racing">racing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">horse riding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also used for military training.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gymnastics evolved in <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> and what later became <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> at the beginning of the 19th century. The term "artistic gymnastics" was introduced to distinguish freestyle performances from those used by the military.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German educator <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn" title="Friedrich Ludwig Jahn">Friedrich Ludwig Jahn</a>, who was known as the father of gymnastics,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> invented several apparatus, including the <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_bar" title="Horizontal bar">horizontal bar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parallel_bars" title="Parallel bars">parallel bars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of the first gymnastics clubs were <a href="/wiki/Turnverein" class="mw-redirect" title="Turnverein">Turnvereins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sokol_(sport_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sokol (sport organization)">Sokols</a>. </p><p>The FIG was founded in 1881 and remains the governing body of international gymnastics. The organization began with three countries and was called the European Gymnastics Federation until 1921, when the first non-European countries joined, and it was reorganized into its modern form.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gymnastics was included in the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">1896 Summer Olympics</a>, but female gymnasts were not allowed to participate in the Olympics until <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1928_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1928 Summer Olympics">1928</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">World Artistic Gymnastics Championships</a>, held since 1903, were only open to men until <a href="/wiki/1934_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="1934 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">1934</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FIG_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FIG-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, two branches of artistic gymnastics have developed: women's artistic gymnastics (WAG) and men's artistic gymnastics (MAG). Unlike men's and women's branches of many other sports, WAG and MAG differ significantly in technique and apparatuses used at major competitions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women's_artistic_gymnastics"><span id="Women.27s_artistic_gymnastics"></span>Women's artistic gymnastics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Women's artistic gymnastics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a team event, women's gymnastics entered the Olympics in 1928 and the World Championships <a href="/wiki/1950_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">in 1950</a>. Individual women were recognized in the all-around as early as the 1934 World Championships.<sup id="cite_ref-FIG_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FIG-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The existing women's program—all-around and event finals on the <a href="/wiki/Vault_(gymnastics)" title="Vault (gymnastics)">vault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uneven_bars" title="Uneven bars">uneven bars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balance_beam" title="Balance beam">balance beam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Floor_exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="Floor exercise">floor exercise</a>—was introduced at the 1950 World Championships and at the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics">1952 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest champions in women's gymnastics tended to be in their 20s, and most had studied ballet for years before entering the sport. <a href="/wiki/Larisa_Latynina" title="Larisa Latynina">Larisa Latynina</a>, the first great Soviet gymnast, won her first Olympic all-around medal at age 22 and her second at 26; she became world champion in 1958 while pregnant. <a href="/wiki/V%C4%9Bra_%C4%8C%C3%A1slavsk%C3%A1" title="Věra Čáslavská">Věra Čáslavská</a> of Czechoslovakia, who followed Latynina and became a two-time Olympic all-around champion, was 22 when she won her first Olympic gold medal. </p><p>In the 1970s, the average age of Olympic gymnasts began to decrease. While it was not unheard of for teenagers to compete in the 1960s – <a href="/wiki/Ludmilla_Tourischeva" title="Ludmilla Tourischeva">Ludmilla Tourischeva</a> was 16 at her first Olympics in 1968 – younger female gymnasts slowly became the norm as the sport's difficulty increased. Smaller, lighter girls generally excelled in the more challenging acrobatic elements required by the redesigned <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Points_(artistic_gymnastics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Code of Points (artistic gymnastics)">Code of Points</a>. The 58th Congress of the FIG – held in July 1980, just before the Olympics – decided to raise the minimum age for senior international competition from 14 to 15.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the change, which came into effect two years later, did not eliminate the problem. By the time of the <a href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics" title="1992 Summer Olympics">1992 Summer Olympics</a>, elite gymnasts consisted almost exclusively of "pixies" – underweight young teenagers – and concerns were raised about athletes' welfare. </p><p>In 1997, the FIG responded to this trend by raising the minimum age for international elite competition to 16.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This, combined with changes in the Code of Points and evolving popular opinion in the sport, led to the return of older gymnasts. While there are still gymnasts who are successful as teenagers, it is common to see gymnasts competing and winning medals well into their 20s.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Olympics</a>, women captained both the second-place American team and the third-place Russians in their mid-20s;<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> several other teams, including those from Australia, France, and Canada, included older gymnasts as well. At the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Olympics</a>, the silver medalist on vault, <a href="/wiki/Oksana_Chusovitina" title="Oksana Chusovitina">Oksana Chusovitina</a>, was a 33-year-old mother.<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Olympics</a>, the average age of female gymnasts was over 20, and it was almost 22 at the <a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Apparatus">Apparatus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Apparatus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both male and female gymnasts are judged for execution, <a href="/wiki/Degree_of_difficulty" title="Degree of difficulty">degree of difficulty</a>, and overall presentation.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many competitions, especially high-level ones sanctioned by the FIG, gymnasts compete in "<a href="/wiki/Olympic_Order_in_Artistic_Gymnastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Order in Artistic Gymnastics">Olympic order</a>", which has changed over time but has stayed consistent for at least a few decades. </p><p>For male gymnasts, the Olympic order is:<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>1) <a href="/wiki/Floor_(gymnastics)" title="Floor (gymnastics)">Floor exercise</a></dd> <dd>2) <a href="/wiki/Pommel_horse" title="Pommel horse">Pommel horse</a></dd> <dd>3) <a href="/wiki/Rings_(gymnastics)" title="Rings (gymnastics)">Still rings</a></dd> <dd>4) <a href="/wiki/Vault_(gymnastics)" title="Vault (gymnastics)">Vault</a></dd> <dd>5) <a href="/wiki/Parallel_bars" title="Parallel bars">Parallel bars</a></dd> <dd>6) <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_bar" title="Horizontal bar">Horizontal bar</a></dd></dl> <p>For female gymnasts, the Olympic order is:<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>1) <a href="/wiki/Vault_(gymnastics)" title="Vault (gymnastics)">Vault</a></dd> <dd>2) <a href="/wiki/Uneven_bars" title="Uneven bars">Uneven bars</a></dd> <dd>3) <a href="/wiki/Balance_beam" title="Balance beam">Balance beam</a></dd> <dd>4) <a href="/wiki/Floor_(gymnastics)" title="Floor (gymnastics)">Floor exercise</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Men_and_women">Men and women</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Men and women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vault">Vault</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Vault"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vault_(gymnastics)" title="Vault (gymnastics)">Vault (gymnastics)</a></div> <p>The vault is both an event and the primary equipment used in that event. Unlike most gymnastic events employing apparatuses, the vault is standard in men's and women's competitions, with little difference. A gymnast sprints down a runway, which is a maximum of 25 m (82 ft) in length, before leaping onto a <a href="/wiki/Springboard_(gymnastics)" title="Springboard (gymnastics)">springboard</a>. Harnessing the energy of the spring, the gymnast directs their body hands-first toward the vault. Body position is maintained while "popping" (blocking using only a shoulder movement) the vaulting platform. The gymnast then rotates their body to land standing on the far side of the vault. In advanced gymnastics, multiple twists and somersaults may be added before landing. Successful vaults depend on the speed of the run, the length of the hurdle, the power the gymnast generates from the legs and shoulder girdle, <a href="/wiki/Kinaesthetics" title="Kinaesthetics">kinesthetic</a> awareness in the air, and the speed of rotation in the case of more challenging and complex vaults. </p><p>In 2004, the traditional vaulting horse was replaced with a new apparatus, sometimes known as a tongue or table. It is more stable, wider, and longer than the older vaulting horse—about 1 m (3.3 ft) in length and width, giving gymnasts a larger blocking surface—and is, therefore, safer than the old vaulting horse. This new, safer apparatus led gymnasts to attempt more difficult vaults.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Notable_champions">Notable champions</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable champions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Artistic gymnastics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On the men's side, the gymnasts who have won the most Olympic or World Championship titles on vault are <a href="/wiki/Marian_Dr%C4%83gulescu" title="Marian Drăgulescu">Marian Drăgulescu</a> of Romania and <a href="/wiki/Ri_Se-gwang" title="Ri Se-gwang">Ri Se-gwang</a> of North Korea, with four titles each. <a href="/wiki/Yang_Hak-seon" title="Yang Hak-seon">Yang Hak-seon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Mack" title="Eugen Mack">Eugen Mack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Nemov" title="Alexei Nemov">Alexei Nemov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Scherbo" title="Vitaly Scherbo">Vitaly Scherbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Li_Xiaopeng_(gymnast)" title="Li Xiaopeng (gymnast)">Li Xiaopeng</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lou_Yun" title="Lou Yun">Lou Yun</a> have each won three titles. </p><p>On the women's side, <a href="/wiki/V%C4%9Bra_%C4%8C%C3%A1slavsk%C3%A1" title="Věra Čáslavská">Věra Čáslavská</a> of Czechoslovakia and <a href="/wiki/Simone_Biles" title="Simone Biles">Simone Biles</a> of the United States are tied for the most titles, with four. <a href="/wiki/Simona_Am%C3%A2nar" title="Simona Amânar">Simona Amânar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheng_Fei" title="Cheng Fei">Cheng Fei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elena_Zamolodchikova" title="Elena Zamolodchikova">Elena Zamolodchikova</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rebeca_Andrade" title="Rebeca Andrade">Rebeca Andrade</a> have each won three. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:742px;max-width:742px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:214px;max-width:214px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DHypolito-Vault.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/DHypolito-Vault.jpg/212px-DHypolito-Vault.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/DHypolito-Vault.jpg/318px-DHypolito-Vault.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/DHypolito-Vault.jpg/424px-DHypolito-Vault.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="421" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Diego_Hyp%C3%B3lito" title="Diego Hypólito">Diego Hypólito</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="Brazil">BRA</abbr>)</span> vaulting from a modern vaulting table during the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2007_Pan_American_Games" title="Gymnastics at the 2007 Pan American Games">2007 Pan American Games</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:284px;max-width:284px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-10-14_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Vault_(Martin_Rulsch)_176.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/2018-10-14_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Vault_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_176.jpg/282px-2018-10-14_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Vault_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_176.jpg" decoding="async" width="282" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/2018-10-14_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Vault_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_176.jpg/423px-2018-10-14_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Vault_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_176.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/2018-10-14_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Vault_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_176.jpg/564px-2018-10-14_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Vault_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_176.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3716" data-file-height="2072" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:238px;max-width:238px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Vault_-_Ksenia_Afanasyeva_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Vault_-_Ksenia_Afanasyeva_08.jpg/236px-2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Vault_-_Ksenia_Afanasyeva_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="236" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Vault_-_Ksenia_Afanasyeva_08.jpg/354px-2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Vault_-_Ksenia_Afanasyeva_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Vault_-_Ksenia_Afanasyeva_08.jpg/472px-2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Vault_-_Ksenia_Afanasyeva_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ksenia_Afanasyeva" title="Ksenia Afanasyeva">Ksenia Afanasyeva</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="Russia">RUS</abbr>)</span> vaulting at the <a href="/wiki/2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2015 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2015 European Championships</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Floor_exercise">Floor exercise</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Floor exercise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Artistic gymnastics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The floor event occurs on a carpeted 12 m × 12 m (39 ft × 39 ft) square consisting of rigid foam over a layer of plywood supported by springs or foam blocks. This provides a firm surface that will respond with force when compressed, allowing gymnasts to achieve extra height and a softer landing than possible on a regular floor. </p><p>Men perform without music for 60 to 70 seconds and must touch each floor corner at least once during their routine. Their routines include tumbling passes demonstrating flexibility, strength, balance, and power. They must also show non-acrobatic skills, including circles, scales, and press handstands. </p><p>Women perform a 90-second choreographed routine to instrumental music. Their routines include tumbling passes, jumps, dance elements, acrobatic skills, and turns. Elite gymnasts may perform up to four tumbling passes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Notable_champions_2">Notable champions</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notable champions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Artistic gymnastics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On the men's side, the gymnasts who have won the most Olympic or World Championship titles on floor are <a href="/wiki/Marian_Dr%C4%83gulescu" title="Marian Drăgulescu">Marian Drăgulescu</a> of Romania, with four (along with <a href="/wiki/Roland_Br%C3%BCckner" title="Roland Brückner">Roland Brückner</a>, if the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Friendship_Games" title="Gymnastics at the Friendship Games">Alternate Olympics</a> are included). <a href="/wiki/Ihor_Korobchynskyi" title="Ihor Korobchynskyi">Ihor Korobchynskyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Scherbo" title="Vitaly Scherbo">Vitaly Scherbo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenz%C5%8D_Shirai" title="Kenzō Shirai">Kenzō Shirai</a> have three titles each. </p><p>On the women's side, <a href="/wiki/Simone_Biles" title="Simone Biles">Simone Biles</a> of the United States has the most titles with seven, followed by <a href="/wiki/Larisa_Latynina" title="Larisa Latynina">Larisa Latynina</a> of the Soviet Union with four. <a href="/wiki/Gina_Gogean" title="Gina Gogean">Gina Gogean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniela_Siliva%C8%99" title="Daniela Silivaș">Daniela Silivaș</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nellie_Kim" title="Nellie Kim">Nellie Kim</a> have three titles each. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:743px;max-width:743px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:322px;max-width:322px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:213px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EUA_levam_ouro_na_gin%C3%A1stica_art%C3%ADstica_feminina;_Brasil_fica_em_8%C2%BA_lugar_(28264942923).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/EUA_levam_ouro_na_gin%C3%A1stica_art%C3%ADstica_feminina%3B_Brasil_fica_em_8%C2%BA_lugar_%2828264942923%29.jpg/320px-EUA_levam_ouro_na_gin%C3%A1stica_art%C3%ADstica_feminina%3B_Brasil_fica_em_8%C2%BA_lugar_%2828264942923%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/EUA_levam_ouro_na_gin%C3%A1stica_art%C3%ADstica_feminina%3B_Brasil_fica_em_8%C2%BA_lugar_%2828264942923%29.jpg/480px-EUA_levam_ouro_na_gin%C3%A1stica_art%C3%ADstica_feminina%3B_Brasil_fica_em_8%C2%BA_lugar_%2828264942923%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/EUA_levam_ouro_na_gin%C3%A1stica_art%C3%ADstica_feminina%3B_Brasil_fica_em_8%C2%BA_lugar_%2828264942923%29.jpg/640px-EUA_levam_ouro_na_gin%C3%A1stica_art%C3%ADstica_feminina%3B_Brasil_fica_em_8%C2%BA_lugar_%2828264942923%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4816" data-file-height="3211" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Simone_Biles" title="Simone Biles">Simone Biles</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="United States">USA</abbr>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Olympic Games</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:183px;max-width:183px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:213px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019-06-29_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Floor_exercise_(Martin_Rulsch)_420.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2019-06-29_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Floor_exercise_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_420.jpg/181px-2019-06-29_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Floor_exercise_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_420.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2019-06-29_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Floor_exercise_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_420.jpg/272px-2019-06-29_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Floor_exercise_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_420.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2019-06-29_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Floor_exercise_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_420.jpg/362px-2019-06-29_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Floor_exercise_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_420.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2769" data-file-height="3271" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Dolci" title="Félix Dolci">Félix Dolci</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="Canada">CAN</abbr>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/2019_Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2019 Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2019 Junior Worlds</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:213px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polina_Astakhova_1960.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Polina_Astakhova_1960.jpg/230px-Polina_Astakhova_1960.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Polina_Astakhova_1960.jpg/345px-Polina_Astakhova_1960.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Polina_Astakhova_1960.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Polina_Astakhova" title="Polina Astakhova">Polina Astakhova</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="Soviet Union">USSR</abbr>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1960 Summer Olympics">1960 Summer Olympics</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Men_only">Men only</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Men only"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pommel_horse">Pommel horse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pommel horse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Artistic gymnastics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A typical pommel horse exercise involves both single-leg and double-leg work. Single-leg skills are generally found in the form of "scissors". In double leg work, the gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or counterclockwise, depending on preference). To make the exercise more challenging, gymnasts will often include variations on typical circling skills by turning ("moores" and "spindles") or by straddling their legs (<a href="/wiki/Flare_(acrobatic_move)" title="Flare (acrobatic move)">"flares"</a>). Routines end when the gymnast performs a dismount by swinging his body over the horse or landing after a handstand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Notable_champions_3">Notable champions</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable champions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Artistic gymnastics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The gymnasts who have won the most Olympic and/or World Championship titles on pommel horse are <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Cerar" title="Miroslav Cerar">Miroslav Cerar</a> of Yugoslavia, <a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Magyar" title="Zoltán Magyar">Zoltán Magyar</a> of Hungary, and <a href="/wiki/Max_Whitlock" title="Max Whitlock">Max Whitlock</a> of Great Britain, with five titles each. <a href="/wiki/Kriszti%C3%A1n_Berki" title="Krisztián Berki">Krisztián Berki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Bilozerchev" title="Dmitry Bilozerchev">Dmitry Bilozerchev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pae_Gil-su" title="Pae Gil-su">Pae Gil-su</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiao_Qin" title="Xiao Qin">Xiao Qin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Shakhlin" title="Boris Shakhlin">Boris Shakhlin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marius_Urzic%C4%83" title="Marius Urzică">Marius Urzică</a>, have won at least three titles apiece. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:742px;max-width:742px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:244px;max-width:244px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:161px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alberto_Braglia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Alberto_Braglia.jpg/242px-Alberto_Braglia.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Alberto_Braglia.jpg/363px-Alberto_Braglia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Alberto_Braglia.jpg/484px-Alberto_Braglia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Braglia" title="Alberto Braglia">Alberto Braglia</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Italy_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Italy at the 1908 Summer Olympics">ITA</a>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908 Olympic Games</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:245px;max-width:245px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:161px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Pommel_horse_-_Louis_Smith_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Pommel_horse_-_Louis_Smith_06.jpg/243px-2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Pommel_horse_-_Louis_Smith_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="243" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Pommel_horse_-_Louis_Smith_06.jpg/365px-2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Pommel_horse_-_Louis_Smith_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Pommel_horse_-_Louis_Smith_06.jpg/486px-2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Pommel_horse_-_Louis_Smith_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2605" data-file-height="1736" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Louis_Smith_(gymnast)" title="Louis Smith (gymnast)">Louis Smith</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="Great Britain">GBR</abbr>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2015 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2015 European Championships</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:247px;max-width:247px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:161px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Russische_Michael_Woronine_in_aktie_op_het_paard,_Bestanddeelnr_919-5874.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/De_Russische_Michael_Woronine_in_aktie_op_het_paard%2C_Bestanddeelnr_919-5874.jpg/245px-De_Russische_Michael_Woronine_in_aktie_op_het_paard%2C_Bestanddeelnr_919-5874.jpg" decoding="async" width="245" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/De_Russische_Michael_Woronine_in_aktie_op_het_paard%2C_Bestanddeelnr_919-5874.jpg/368px-De_Russische_Michael_Woronine_in_aktie_op_het_paard%2C_Bestanddeelnr_919-5874.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/De_Russische_Michael_Woronine_in_aktie_op_het_paard%2C_Bestanddeelnr_919-5874.jpg/490px-De_Russische_Michael_Woronine_in_aktie_op_het_paard%2C_Bestanddeelnr_919-5874.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2406" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Valery_Karasyov" title="Valery Karasyov">Valery Karasyov</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="Soviet Union">USSR</abbr>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/1966_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="1966 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">1966 World Championships</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Still_rings">Still rings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Still rings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The still rings are suspended on <a href="/wiki/Wire_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Wire cable">wire cable</a> from a point 5.8 m (19 ft) off the floor<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and adjusted in height so the gymnast has room to hang freely and swing. Gymnasts must demonstrate balance, strength, power, and dynamic motion while preventing the rings themselves from swinging. At least one static strength move is required, but some gymnasts include two or three. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Notable_champions_4">Notable champions</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable champions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Artistic gymnastics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The gymnasts who have won the most Olympic and/or World Championship titles on still rings are <a href="/wiki/Jury_Chechi" title="Jury Chechi">Jury Chechi</a> of Italy (6) and <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yibing" title="Chen Yibing">Chen Yibing</a> of China (5). <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Andrianov" title="Nikolai Andrianov">Nikolai Andrianov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Azaryan" title="Albert Azaryan">Albert Azaryan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dityatin" title="Alexander Dityatin">Alexander Dityatin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alois_Hudec" title="Alois Hudec">Alois Hudec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akinori_Nakayama" title="Akinori Nakayama">Akinori Nakayama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Petrounias" title="Eleftherios Petrounias">Eleftherios Petrounias</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Liu_Yang_(gymnast)" title="Liu Yang (gymnast)">Liu Yang</a> each have at least three such titles, as does <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Bilozerchev" title="Dmitry Bilozerchev">Dmitry Bilozerchev</a> if the Alternate Olympics are included. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:741px;max-width:741px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:217px;max-width:217px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-N0621-0038,_DDR-Meisterschaften_im_Turnen,_Klaus_K%C3%B6ste.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-N0621-0038%2C_DDR-Meisterschaften_im_Turnen%2C_Klaus_K%C3%B6ste.jpg/215px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-N0621-0038%2C_DDR-Meisterschaften_im_Turnen%2C_Klaus_K%C3%B6ste.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-N0621-0038%2C_DDR-Meisterschaften_im_Turnen%2C_Klaus_K%C3%B6ste.jpg/323px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-N0621-0038%2C_DDR-Meisterschaften_im_Turnen%2C_Klaus_K%C3%B6ste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-N0621-0038%2C_DDR-Meisterschaften_im_Turnen%2C_Klaus_K%C3%B6ste.jpg/430px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-N0621-0038%2C_DDR-Meisterschaften_im_Turnen%2C_Klaus_K%C3%B6ste.jpg 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="579" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Klaus_K%C3%B6ste" title="Klaus Köste">Klaus Köste</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="East Germany">GDR</abbr>)</span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Competitions_in_gymnastics_at_the_Olympics_2016._Discipline_-_rings._01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Competitions_in_gymnastics_at_the_Olympics_2016._Discipline_-_rings._01.jpg/302px-Competitions_in_gymnastics_at_the_Olympics_2016._Discipline_-_rings._01.jpg" decoding="async" width="302" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Competitions_in_gymnastics_at_the_Olympics_2016._Discipline_-_rings._01.jpg/453px-Competitions_in_gymnastics_at_the_Olympics_2016._Discipline_-_rings._01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Competitions_in_gymnastics_at_the_Olympics_2016._Discipline_-_rings._01.jpg/604px-Competitions_in_gymnastics_at_the_Olympics_2016._Discipline_-_rings._01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3464" data-file-height="2309" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Petrounias" title="Eleftherios Petrounias">Eleftherios Petrounias</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="Greece">GRE</abbr>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Summer Olympics</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:214px;max-width:214px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-10-14_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Still_rings_(Martin_Rulsch)_046.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/2018-10-14_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Still_rings_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_046.jpg/212px-2018-10-14_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Still_rings_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_046.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/2018-10-14_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Still_rings_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_046.jpg/318px-2018-10-14_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Still_rings_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_046.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/2018-10-14_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Still_rings_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_046.jpg/424px-2018-10-14_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Still_rings_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_046.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3193" data-file-height="3034" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Dolci" title="Félix Dolci">Félix Dolci</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="Canada">CAN</abbr>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics">2018 Youth Olympics</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parallel_bars">Parallel bars</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Parallel bars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Artistic gymnastics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The parallel bars consist of two bars slightly further than shoulder-width apart and usually 1.75 m (5.7 ft) high. Gymnasts execute a series of swings, balancing moves, and releases that require strength and coordination. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Notable_champions_5">Notable champions</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notable champions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Artistic gymnastics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The gymnasts who have won the most Olympic and/or World Championship titles on parallel bars are <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Artemov" title="Vladimir Artemov">Vladimir Artemov</a> of the Soviet Union (5, including the Alternate Olympics) and <a href="/wiki/Li_Xiaopeng_(gymnast)" title="Li Xiaopeng (gymnast)">Li Xiaopeng</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zou_Jingyuan" title="Zou Jingyuan">Zou Jingyuan</a> of China (4). <a href="/wiki/Li_Jing_(gymnast)" title="Li Jing (gymnast)">Li Jing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Scherbo" title="Vitaly Scherbo">Vitaly Scherbo</a> have each won three titles. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:742px;max-width:742px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:263px;max-width:263px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:349px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cucherat_bars.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cucherat_bars.JPG/261px-Cucherat_bars.JPG" decoding="async" width="261" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cucherat_bars.JPG/392px-Cucherat_bars.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cucherat_bars.JPG/522px-Cucherat_bars.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="2005" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yann_Cucherat" title="Yann Cucherat">Yann Cucherat</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="France">FRA</abbr>)</span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:225px;max-width:225px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:349px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019-06-30_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Parallel_bars_(Martin_Rulsch)_342.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2019-06-30_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Parallel_bars_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_342.jpg/223px-2019-06-30_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Parallel_bars_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_342.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2019-06-30_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Parallel_bars_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_342.jpg/335px-2019-06-30_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Parallel_bars_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_342.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2019-06-30_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Parallel_bars_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_342.jpg/446px-2019-06-30_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Parallel_bars_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_342.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1288" data-file-height="2019" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Takeru_Kitazono" title="Takeru Kitazono">Takeru Kitazono</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="Japan">JPN</abbr>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/2019_Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2019 Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2019 Junior World Championships</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:248px;max-width:248px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:349px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_-_Men%27s_parallel_bars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_-_Men%27s_parallel_bars.jpg/246px-Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_-_Men%27s_parallel_bars.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_-_Men%27s_parallel_bars.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="475" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Flatow" title="Alfred Flatow">Alfred Flatow</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Germany_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Germany at the 1896 Summer Olympics">GER</a>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">1896 Olympic Games</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Horizontal_bar">Horizontal bar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Horizontal bar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Artistic gymnastics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The horizontal bar (also known as the high bar) is a 2.4 cm (0.94 in) thick steel bar raised 2.5 m (8.2 ft) above the ground. The gymnast performs 'giants' (360-degree revolutions around the bar), release skills, twists, and direction changes. Using the momentum from giants, enough height can be achieved for spectacular dismounts, such as a triple-back somersault. Leather <a href="/wiki/Grip_(gymnastics)" title="Grip (gymnastics)">grips</a> are usually used to help maintain a hold on the bar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Notable_champions_6">Notable champions</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notable champions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Artistic gymnastics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The gymnast who has won the most Olympic and World Championship titles on the horizontal bar is <a href="/wiki/Epke_Zonderland" title="Epke Zonderland">Epke Zonderland</a> of the Netherlands, with four titles. <a href="/wiki/Zou_Kai" title="Zou Kai">Zou Kai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_%C5%A0tukelj" title="Leon Štukelj">Leon Štukelj</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Takashi_Ono_(gymnast)" title="Takashi Ono (gymnast)">Takashi Ono</a> have each won three, as has <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Bilozerchev" title="Dmitry Bilozerchev">Dmitry Bilozerchev</a> if the Alternate Olympics are included. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:742px;max-width:742px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:170px;max-width:170px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:228px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-T0625-0006,_Ralph-Peter_Hemmann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-T0625-0006%2C_Ralph-Peter_Hemmann.jpg/168px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-T0625-0006%2C_Ralph-Peter_Hemmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-T0625-0006%2C_Ralph-Peter_Hemmann.jpg/252px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-T0625-0006%2C_Ralph-Peter_Hemmann.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-T0625-0006%2C_Ralph-Peter_Hemmann.jpg/336px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-T0625-0006%2C_Ralph-Peter_Hemmann.jpg 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="670" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ralf-Peter_Hemmann" title="Ralf-Peter Hemmann">Ralf-Peter Hemmann</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="East Germany">GDR</abbr>)</span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:307px;max-width:307px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:228px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_2016-_Artistic_gymnastics_-_men%27s_qualification_(29257460681).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rio_2016-_Artistic_gymnastics_-_men%27s_qualification_%2829257460681%29.jpg/305px-Rio_2016-_Artistic_gymnastics_-_men%27s_qualification_%2829257460681%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="305" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rio_2016-_Artistic_gymnastics_-_men%27s_qualification_%2829257460681%29.jpg/458px-Rio_2016-_Artistic_gymnastics_-_men%27s_qualification_%2829257460681%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rio_2016-_Artistic_gymnastics_-_men%27s_qualification_%2829257460681%29.jpg/610px-Rio_2016-_Artistic_gymnastics_-_men%27s_qualification_%2829257460681%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Epke_Zonderland" title="Epke Zonderland">Epke Zonderland</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="Netherlands">NED</abbr>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Olympic Games</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:259px;max-width:259px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:228px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019-06-30_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Horizontal_bar_(Martin_Rulsch)_380.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/2019-06-30_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Horizontal_bar_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_380.jpg/257px-2019-06-30_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Horizontal_bar_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_380.jpg" decoding="async" width="257" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/2019-06-30_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Horizontal_bar_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_380.jpg/386px-2019-06-30_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Horizontal_bar_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_380.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/2019-06-30_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Horizontal_bar_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_380.jpg/514px-2019-06-30_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Horizontal_bar_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_380.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1399" data-file-height="1243" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Soares_(gymnast)" title="Diogo Soares (gymnast)">Diogo Soares</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="Brazil">BRA</abbr>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/2019_Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2019 Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2019 Junior World Championships</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women_only">Women only</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Women only"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Uneven_bars">Uneven bars</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Uneven bars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The uneven bars (known as asymmetric bars in the UK) were adapted by the Czechoslovakian <a href="/wiki/Sokol_(sport_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sokol (sport organization)">Sokol</a> from the men's parallel bars sometime before <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and were shown in international exhibition for the first time at the <a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928 Summer Olympics</a> in Amsterdam.<sup id="cite_ref-Dusek_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dusek-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They consist of two horizontal bars set at different heights. Gymnasts perform swings, pirouettes, transition moves between the bars, and releases. </p><p>Higher-level gymnasts usually wear leather grips to ensure a firm hold on the bars while protecting their hands from painful <a href="/wiki/Blister" title="Blister">blisters</a> and tears (known as rips). Gymnasts sometimes wet their grips with water from a spray bottle and may apply chalk to prevent the grips from slipping. Chalk may also be applied to the hands and bar if grips are not worn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Notable_champions_7">Notable champions</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notable champions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Artistic gymnastics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The gymnasts who have won the most Olympic and/or World Championship titles on uneven bars are <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Khorkina" title="Svetlana Khorkina">Svetlana Khorkina</a> of Russia (7) and <a href="/wiki/Maxi_Gnauck" title="Maxi Gnauck">Maxi Gnauck</a> of East Germany (5, including the Alternate Olympics). <a href="/wiki/Daniela_Siliva%C8%99" title="Daniela Silivaș">Daniela Silivaș</a> of Romania and <a href="/wiki/Nina_Derwael" title="Nina Derwael">Nina Derwael</a> of Belgium have each won three titles. <a href="/wiki/Aliya_Mustafina" title="Aliya Mustafina">Aliya Mustafina</a> won back-to-back uneven bar Olympic titles in 2012 and 2016. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:742px;max-width:742px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:200px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-0019,_Karin_Janz,_Wahl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-0019%2C_Karin_Janz%2C_Wahl.jpg/150px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-0019%2C_Karin_Janz%2C_Wahl.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-0019%2C_Karin_Janz%2C_Wahl.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-0019%2C_Karin_Janz%2C_Wahl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-0019%2C_Karin_Janz%2C_Wahl.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-0019%2C_Karin_Janz%2C_Wahl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="784" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Karin_B%C3%BCttner-Janz" title="Karin Büttner-Janz">Karin Büttner-Janz</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="East Germany">GDR</abbr>)</span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:282px;max-width:282px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:200px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019-06-29_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Women%27s_Apparatus_finals_Uneven_bars_(Martin_Rulsch)_037.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/2019-06-29_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Women%27s_Apparatus_finals_Uneven_bars_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_037.jpg/280px-2019-06-29_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Women%27s_Apparatus_finals_Uneven_bars_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_037.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/2019-06-29_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Women%27s_Apparatus_finals_Uneven_bars_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_037.jpg/420px-2019-06-29_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Women%27s_Apparatus_finals_Uneven_bars_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_037.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/2019-06-29_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Women%27s_Apparatus_finals_Uneven_bars_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_037.jpg/560px-2019-06-29_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Women%27s_Apparatus_finals_Uneven_bars_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_037.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2067" data-file-height="1479" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Wei_Xiaoyuan" title="Wei Xiaoyuan">Wei Xiaoyuan</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="China">CHN</abbr>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/2019_Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2019 Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2019 Junior World Championships</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:200px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Uneven_bars_-_Rebecca_Downie_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Uneven_bars_-_Rebecca_Downie_01.jpg/300px-2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Uneven_bars_-_Rebecca_Downie_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Uneven_bars_-_Rebecca_Downie_01.jpg/450px-2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Uneven_bars_-_Rebecca_Downie_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Uneven_bars_-_Rebecca_Downie_01.jpg/600px-2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_-_Uneven_bars_-_Rebecca_Downie_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2972" data-file-height="1981" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Becky_Downie" title="Becky Downie">Becky Downie</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="Great Britain">GBR</abbr>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/2015_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2015 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2015 European Championships</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Balance_beam">Balance beam</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Balance beam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The balance beam existed as early as the 1880s in the form of a "low beam" close to the floor.<sup id="cite_ref-Dusek_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dusek-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1920s, the beam was raised much higher due to Swedish influence on the sport.<sup id="cite_ref-Dusek_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dusek-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gymnasts perform routines ranging from 70 to 90 seconds long, consisting of leaps, acrobatic skills, turns, and dance elements on a padded spring beam. Apparatus norms set by the FIG specify that the beam must be 125 cm (4 ft) high, 500 cm (16 ft) long, and 10 cm (3.9 in) wide.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event requires balance, flexibility, and strength. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Notable_champions_8">Notable champions</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notable champions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Artistic gymnastics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Of all gymnastics apparatuses—men's or women's—balance beam has proven the most difficult on which to win multiple Olympic and World Championship titles. <a href="/wiki/Simone_Biles" title="Simone Biles">Simone Biles</a> has four World titles on this event, and there are only two other gymnasts to have won three Championship titles in total for Olympic and Worlds — <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci" title="Nadia Comăneci">Nadia Comăneci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniela_Siliva%C8%99" title="Daniela Silivaș">Daniela Silivaș</a> of Romania. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:742px;max-width:742px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:161px;max-width:161px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:234px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Moscow1980b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Moscow1980b.jpg/159px-Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Moscow1980b.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Moscow1980b.jpg/239px-Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Moscow1980b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Moscow1980b.jpg/318px-Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Moscow1980b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci" title="Nadia Comăneci">Nadia Comăneci</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="Romania">ROM</abbr>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Olympic Games</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:354px;max-width:354px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:234px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nastia_Liukin_Nationals.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Nastia_Liukin_Nationals.JPG/352px-Nastia_Liukin_Nationals.JPG" decoding="async" width="352" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Nastia_Liukin_Nationals.JPG/528px-Nastia_Liukin_Nationals.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Nastia_Liukin_Nationals.JPG/704px-Nastia_Liukin_Nationals.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1893" data-file-height="1262" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nastia_Liukin" title="Nastia Liukin">Nastia Liukin</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="United States">USA</abbr>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/USA_Gymnastics_National_Championships" title="USA Gymnastics National Championships">2008 USA National Championships</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:221px;max-width:221px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:234px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-10-15_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Girls%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Balance_beam_(Martin_Rulsch)_323.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/2018-10-15_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Girls%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Balance_beam_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_323.jpg/219px-2018-10-15_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Girls%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Balance_beam_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_323.jpg" decoding="async" width="219" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/2018-10-15_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Girls%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Balance_beam_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_323.jpg/329px-2018-10-15_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Girls%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Balance_beam_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_323.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/2018-10-15_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Girls%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Balance_beam_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_323.jpg/438px-2018-10-15_Gymnastics_at_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Girls%27_Artistic_Gymnastics_%E2%80%93_Apparatus_finals_%E2%80%93_Balance_beam_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_323.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2219" data-file-height="2380" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Emma_Spence" title="Emma Spence">Emma Spence</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<abbr title="Canada">CAN</abbr>)</span> at the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics">2018 Youth Olympics</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Competition_format">Competition format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Competition format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_20592_The_Gymnast_sculpture_in_Wingate_Institute.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PikiWiki_Israel_20592_The_Gymnast_sculpture_in_Wingate_Institute.JPG/250px-PikiWiki_Israel_20592_The_Gymnast_sculpture_in_Wingate_Institute.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PikiWiki_Israel_20592_The_Gymnast_sculpture_in_Wingate_Institute.JPG/375px-PikiWiki_Israel_20592_The_Gymnast_sculpture_in_Wingate_Institute.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PikiWiki_Israel_20592_The_Gymnast_sculpture_in_Wingate_Institute.JPG/500px-PikiWiki_Israel_20592_The_Gymnast_sculpture_in_Wingate_Institute.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A sculpture of a gymnast at the <a href="/wiki/Wingate_Institute" title="Wingate Institute">Wingate Institute</a> in Israel.</figcaption></figure> <p>In Olympic and World Championship competitions, meets are divided into several sessions on different days: qualifications, team finals, all-around finals, and event finals. </p><p>During the <i>qualification</i> round (abbreviated TQ), gymnasts compete with their national squad in all four (WAG) or six (MAG) events. The scores from this session are not used to award medals but rather to determine which teams advance to the team finals and which individual gymnasts advance to the all-around and event finals. For the <a href="/wiki/2020_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Olympics">2020 Olympics</a>, teams will consist of four gymnasts, with up to two additional gymnasts per country allowed to compete as individuals. The format of team qualifications is 4–4–3, meaning that all four gymnasts compete in each event, but only the top three scores count. Individual gymnasts may qualify for the all-around and event finals, but their scores do not count toward the team's total. </p><p>In the <i>team finals</i> (abbreviated TF), gymnasts compete with their national squad on all four or six events. The scores from the session determine the medalists in the team competition. The format is 4–3–3, meaning that of the four gymnasts on the team, three compete in each event, and all three scores count.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <i>all-around</i> finals (abbreviated AA), gymnasts compete individually in all four or six events; their totals determine the all-around medals. Only two gymnasts per country may advance to the all-around finals from the qualification round. </p><p>In the <i>event finals</i> (abbreviated EF) or <i>apparatus finals</i>, the top eight gymnasts in each event (as determined by scores in the qualification round) compete for medals. Only two gymnasts per country may advance to each event final. </p><p>Competitions other than the Olympics and World Championships may use different formats. For instance, the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2007_Pan_American_Games" title="Gymnastics at the 2007 Pan American Games">2007 Pan American Games</a> had only one team competition day with a 6–5–4 format, and three athletes per country were allowed to advance to the all-around. The team event is not contested in other meets, such as on the <a href="/wiki/Artistic_Gymnastics_World_Cup" title="Artistic Gymnastics World Cup">World Cup circuit</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_life">New life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: New life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Artistic gymnastics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Since 1989, competitions have used the "new life" rule, under which scores from one session do not carry over to the next. In other words, a gymnast's performance in team finals does not affect their scores in the all-around finals or event finals, and marks from the team qualifying round do not count toward the team finals. </p><p>Before this rule was introduced, the scores from the team competition carried over into the all-around and event finals. Final results and medal placement were determined by combining the following scores: </p> <dl><dt>Qualifiers for all-around and event finals</dt> <dd>Team compulsories + team optionals</dd> <dt>Team competition</dt> <dd>Team compulsories + team optionals</dd> <dt>All-around competition</dt> <dd>Team results (compulsories and optionals) averaged + all-around</dd> <dt>Event finals</dt> <dd>Team results (compulsories and optionals) averaged + event final</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compulsories">Compulsories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Compulsories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Artistic gymnastics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Until 1997, the team competition consisted of two sessions, with every gymnast performing standardized <i>compulsory routines</i> in the preliminaries and individualized <i>optional routines</i> on the second day. Team medals were determined based on the combined scores of both days, as were the qualifiers to the all-around and event finals. However, the all-around and event finals did not include compulsory routines. </p><p>In meets where team titles were not contested, such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Cup_(Gymnastics)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Cup (Gymnastics)">American Cup</a>, there were two days of all-around competition: one for compulsories and another for optionals. </p><p>While each gymnast and their coach developed optional routines in accordance with the Code of Points and the gymnast's strengths, compulsory routines were created and choreographed by the FIG Technical Committee. The dance and tumbling skills were generally less demanding than those in optional routines, but perfect technique, form, and execution were heavily emphasized. Scoring was exacting, with judges taking deductions for even slight deviations from the required choreography. For this reason, many gymnasts and coaches considered compulsories more challenging than optionals. </p><p>Compulsory exercises were eliminated at the end of 1996. The move was highly controversial, with many successful gymnastics federations—including the United States, Russia, and China—arguing that the compulsory exercises helped maintain a high standard of form, technique, and execution among gymnasts. Opponents of compulsory exercises believed that they harmed emerging gymnastics programs. </p><p>Some members of the gymnastics community still argue that compulsories should be reinstated, and many gymnastics federations have maintained compulsories in their national programs. Often, gymnasts competing at the lower levels of the sport—for instance, Levels 2-5 in USA Gymnastics, Grade 2 in South Africa, and Levels 3–6 in Australia—only perform compulsory routines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competition_levels">Competition levels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Competition levels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Artistic gymnasts compete only with other gymnasts at their level. Each athlete starts at the lowest level and advances to higher levels by learning more complex skills and achieving qualifying scores at competitions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, whose program is governed by <a href="/wiki/USA_Gymnastics" title="USA Gymnastics">USA Gymnastics</a>, levels range from 1 to <a href="/wiki/Level_10_(USA_Gymnastics)" title="Level 10 (USA Gymnastics)">10</a>, followed by elite. Levels 1 to 2 are usually considered recreational or beginner; 3 to 6 intermediate; and 7 to elite advanced. Competitions begin at Level 3 or, in some gyms, Level 2. A gymnast must be able to perform specific skills in each event to advance to the next level. Once a gymnast has competed in a sectional meet at a given level, they may not drop back to a lower level in the same competitive season. Gymnasts in Levels 1–2 perform basic skills such as handstands and cartwheels. Levels 3–5 consist of compulsory routines; 6 is an in-between level with strict requirements but some leeway for gymnasts to show their creativity; and Levels 7–10 consist of optional routines.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only elite gymnasts compete in accordance with the FIG's Code of Points; lower levels have a modified code. </p><p>The elite program is divided into two categories: junior for gymnasts younger than 16, and senior for gymnasts 16 and older. (Gymnasts are allowed to compete at the senior level at the beginning of the calendar year in which they will turn 16.) Olympic teams are chosen from the senior elite program. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Gymnastics" title="British Gymnastics">British Gymnastics</a> level system goes from 5 (lowest) to 2, and there are separate tracks for elite- and club-level competition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several competitive streams in <a href="/wiki/Canada_women%27s_national_gymnastics_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada women's national gymnastics team">Canadian gymnastics</a>: recreational, developmental, pre-competitive, provincial, national, and high-performance. Provincial levels range from 5 (lowest) to 1; national levels are pre-novice, novice, open, and high performance; and high-performance levels are novice, junior, and senior. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Germany">Germany</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Germany, there are different competitive systems for recreational and high-performance gymnasts. Recreational gymnasts have a system of compulsory exercises from 1 to 9 and optional exercises from 4 to 1, with modified Code of Points requirements. For high-performance and junior athletes, there are compulsory and optional requirements defined by age, from ages 6 to 18.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Age_requirements">Age requirements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Age requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Age_falsification_in_gymnastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Age falsification in gymnastics">Age falsification in gymnastics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_all-around_champions_by_age" title="Gymnastics all-around champions by age">Gymnastics all-around champions by age</a></div> <p>The FIG imposes a minimum age requirement on gymnasts competing in certain international meets, but it does not impose a maximum age limit. The term <i>senior</i> refers to world-class or elite gymnasts who are age-eligible under FIG rules: Female gymnasts must be at least 16 or turning 16 within the calendar year, and the minimum age for men is 18. The term <i>junior</i> refers to any gymnast who competes at a world-class or elite level but is too young to be classified as a senior. </p><p>Juniors are judged under the same Code of Points as seniors and often exhibit the same difficulty level in their routines. Still, they cannot compete at the Olympics, World Championships, or World Cups. Many meets, such as the <a href="/wiki/European_Women%27s_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships">European Championships</a>, have separate divisions for juniors. But some competitions, such as the <a href="/wiki/Goodwill_Games" title="Goodwill Games">Goodwill Games</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim_Championships" title="Pacific Rim Championships">Pacific Rim Championships</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/All-Africa_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Africa Games">All-Africa Games</a>, permit seniors and juniors to compete together. </p><p>The age requirement is contentious and is frequently debated by coaches, gymnasts, and other members of the gymnastics community. Those in favor of the age limits<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (August 2013)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> argue that they promote the participation of older athletes and spare younger gymnasts from the stress of competition and high-level training. Opponents point out that junior gymnasts are scored under the same Code of Points as the seniors (with some restrictions) and train mainly with the same skills. They also argue that younger gymnasts need the experience of competing in major events to improve as athletes. </p><p>Since stricter age requirements were adopted in the early 1980s, there have been several well-documented and many more suspected cases of juniors with falsified documents competing as seniors. The FIG has only taken disciplinary action in three cases: those of <a href="/wiki/Kim_Gwang-Suk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Gwang-Suk">Kim Gwang-Suk</a> of North Korea, who competed at the <a href="/wiki/1989_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="1989 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">1989 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships</a> when she may have been as young as 11;<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Su-jong" title="Hong Su-jong">Hong Su-jong</a> of North Korea, who competed under three different birth dates in the 2000s;<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and China's <a href="/wiki/Dong_Fangxiao" title="Dong Fangxiao">Dong Fangxiao</a>, who competed at the <a href="/wiki/2000_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 Olympics">2000 Olympics</a> when she was 14.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the minimum age requirement applies to both women and men, it is more contentious in the women's program<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> because, while most top male gymnasts are in their late teens or early twenties, female gymnasts are typically ready to compete at the international level by their mid-teens. The difference is largely because men's skills emphasize strength more than women's.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scoring">Scoring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Scoring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Artistic gymnastics">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deutsche_Jugendmeisterschaften_Ger%C3%A4tturnen_m%C3%A4nnlich_AK_13%2B14_Pflicht_at_Internationales_Deutsches_Turnfest_Berlin_2017_(Martin_Rulsch)_1403.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Deutsche_Jugendmeisterschaften_Ger%C3%A4tturnen_m%C3%A4nnlich_AK_13%2B14_Pflicht_at_Internationales_Deutsches_Turnfest_Berlin_2017_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_1403.jpg/220px-Deutsche_Jugendmeisterschaften_Ger%C3%A4tturnen_m%C3%A4nnlich_AK_13%2B14_Pflicht_at_Internationales_Deutsches_Turnfest_Berlin_2017_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_1403.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Deutsche_Jugendmeisterschaften_Ger%C3%A4tturnen_m%C3%A4nnlich_AK_13%2B14_Pflicht_at_Internationales_Deutsches_Turnfest_Berlin_2017_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_1403.jpg/330px-Deutsche_Jugendmeisterschaften_Ger%C3%A4tturnen_m%C3%A4nnlich_AK_13%2B14_Pflicht_at_Internationales_Deutsches_Turnfest_Berlin_2017_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_1403.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Deutsche_Jugendmeisterschaften_Ger%C3%A4tturnen_m%C3%A4nnlich_AK_13%2B14_Pflicht_at_Internationales_Deutsches_Turnfest_Berlin_2017_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_1403.jpg/440px-Deutsche_Jugendmeisterschaften_Ger%C3%A4tturnen_m%C3%A4nnlich_AK_13%2B14_Pflicht_at_Internationales_Deutsches_Turnfest_Berlin_2017_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_1403.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5341" data-file-height="3191" /></a><figcaption>A judge's point deductions at a competition</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Points_(artistic_gymnastics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Code of Points (artistic gymnastics)">Code of Points (artistic gymnastics)</a></div> <p>Scoring at the international level is regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Points_(artistic_gymnastics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Code of Points (artistic gymnastics)">Code of Points</a>. </p><p>Under the system established in 2006, two panels judge each routine, evaluating different aspects of the performance. The <i>D score</i> covers skill requirements, difficulty value, and connection value (for skills performed back to back with no pause in between); the <i>E score</i> covers execution and artistry; the two are added together to produce final scores. The maximum E score is 10, but there is no cap on the D score. Theoretically, this means scores could be infinite. However, average marks for routines in major competitions have generally been in the low to mid-teens. </p><p>This system, with its open-ended difficulty score, is very different from the one used for most of the sport's history. Before 2006, the highest possible score was a "<a href="/wiki/Perfect_10_(gymnastics)" title="Perfect 10 (gymnastics)">perfect 10</a>". Every routine was assigned a start value (SV) based on difficulty. A routine that included all required elements received a base SV—9.4 in 1996, 9.0 in 1997, 8.8 in 2001—and gymnasts could increase their SV to a maximum of 10 by performing more challenging skills and combinations. Then, to score a gymnast's routine, judges deducted from the SV for errors in execution. </p><p>Some gymnasts and coaches—including Olympic gold medalists <a href="/wiki/Lilia_Podkopayeva" title="Lilia Podkopayeva">Lilia Podkopayeva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Boginskaya" title="Svetlana Boginskaya">Svetlana Boginskaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Miller" title="Shannon Miller">Shannon Miller</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Scherbo" title="Vitaly Scherbo">Vitaly Scherbo</a>, and Romanian team coach Nicolae Forminte — publicly opposed the new Code of Points when it was first announced. In addition, a 2006 report from the FIG Athletes' Commission cited significant concerns about scoring, judging, and other subjects. Aspects of the code were revised in 2007, but there are no plans to return to the "perfect 10" format. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_competitions">Major competitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Major competitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global">Global</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Global"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics_at_the_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Artistic gymnastics at the Summer Olympics">Olympic Games</a>: Artistic gymnastics is one of the most popular events at the Summer Olympics, held every four years. Countries qualify teams based on their performance at the World Championships the year before the Games. Nations not qualifying to send an entire team may be eligible to send one or two individual gymnasts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">World Championships</a>: The gymnastics-only World Championships is open to teams from every FIG member nation. The competition has different formats depending on the year: full team finals, all-around, and event finals; all-around and event finals only; or event finals only. Since 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Artistic_Gymnastics_Junior_World_Championships" title="Artistic Gymnastics Junior World Championships">Junior World Championships</a> have been held every two years.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Artistic_Gymnastics_World_Cup" title="Artistic Gymnastics World Cup">Artistic Gymnastics World Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artistic_Gymnastics_World_Cup" title="Artistic Gymnastics World Cup">World Challenge Cup Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodwill_Games" title="Goodwill Games">Goodwill Games</a>: Artistic gymnastics was an event at this now-defunct competition.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional">Regional</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Regional"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Multi-sport">Multi-sport</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Multi-sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Africa_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Africa Games">All-Africa Games</a>: Held every four years, and open to teams and gymnasts from African nations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Asian_Games" title="Gymnastics at the Asian Games">Asian Games</a>: Held every four years, and open to teams and gymnasts from Asian nations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="Central American and Caribbean Games">Central American and Caribbean Games</a>: Held every four years and open to teams and gymnasts from Central America, the Caribbean, Mexico, and the South American countries of Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a>: Held every four years, and open to teams and gymnasts from Commonwealth nations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Games" title="European Games">European Games</a>: Held every four years, and open to teams and gymnastics from European nations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Games" title="Mediterranean Games">Mediterranean Games</a>: Held every four years, and open to gymnasts from nations around or very close to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, where Europe, Africa, and Asia meet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a>: Held every four years, and open to teams and gymnasts from North, South, and Central America.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_Games" title="South American Games">South American Games</a>: Held every four years, and open to teams and gymnasts from South American nations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEA_Games" title="SEA Games">Southeast Asian Games</a>: Held every two years, and open to teams and gymnasts from Southeast Asian nations.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gymnastics_only">Gymnastics only</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Gymnastics only"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Gymnastics_Championships" title="Asian Gymnastics Championships">Asian Gymnastics Championships</a>: Open to teams and gymnasts from Asian nations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Women%27s_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships">European Championships</a>: Held yearly, and open to teams and gymnasts from European nations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim_Championships" title="Pacific Rim Championships">Pacific Rim Championships</a> (known as the Pacific Alliance Championships until 2008): Held every two years, and open to teams from members of the Pacific Alliance of National Gymnastics Federations, including the US, China, Australia, Canada, Mexico, New Zealand, and other nations on the Pacific coast.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Gymnastics_Championships" title="Pan American Gymnastics Championships">Pan American Gymnastics Championships</a>: Held most years when the Pan American Games are not held, and open to teams and gymnasts from North, South, and Central America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_Gymnastics_Championships" title="South American Gymnastics Championships">South American Gymnastics Championships</a>: Held most years, and open to teams and gymnasts from South American countries.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National">National</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: National"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most countries hold a major competition (National Championships, or "Nationals") every year that determines the best-performing all-around gymnasts and event specialists. Based on their scores at Nationals, gymnasts may qualify for their country's national team or be selected for international meets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dominant_teams_and_nations">Dominant teams and nations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Dominant teams and nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="USSR_and_post-Soviet_republics">USSR and post-Soviet republics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: USSR and post-Soviet republics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the breakup of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in 1991, Soviet gymnasts dominated both men's and women's gymnastics, starting with the introduction of the full women's program into the Olympics and the overall increased standardization of the Olympic gymnastics competition format, which happened in 1952. The Soviet Union's success might be explained by the government's heavy investment in sports to support its political agenda on an international stage.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (May 2021)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Soviet Union had many <a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts#USSR_2" title="List of gymnasts">male stars</a>, such as Olympic all-around champions <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Chukarin" title="Viktor Chukarin">Viktor Chukarin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Scherbo" title="Vitaly Scherbo">Vitaly Scherbo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts#USSR" title="List of gymnasts">female stars</a>, such as Olympic all-around champions <a href="/wiki/Larisa_Latynina" title="Larisa Latynina">Larisa Latynina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Boginskaya" title="Svetlana Boginskaya">Svetlana Boginskaya</a>. From 1952 to 1992 inclusive, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_women%27s_national_gymnastics_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Union women's national gymnastics team">Soviet women's squad</a> won almost every team title in World Championship and Olympic competition, with only four exceptions: the <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Olympics</a>, which <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1984 Summer Olympics boycott">the country boycotted</a>, and the 1966, 1979, and 1987 World Championships.<sup id="cite_ref-Worlds_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worlds-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Olympics_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olympics-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the top Soviet gymnasts were from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Byelorussian SSR">Byelorussian SSR</a>. </p><p>Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, its gymnasts performed together for the last time at the <a href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics" title="1992 Summer Olympics">1992 Summer Olympics</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Unified_Team_at_the_Olympics" title="Unified Team at the Olympics">Unified Team</a>, winning both the men's and women's team competitions.<sup id="cite_ref-Olympics_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olympics-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russia has continued the Soviet tradition,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> medaling at every World and Olympic competition in both MAG and WAG disciplines, except at the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Worlds_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worlds-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Olympics_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olympics-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ukraine maintained a strong team for more than a decade—Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Lilia_Podkopayeva" title="Lilia Podkopayeva">Lilia Podkopayeva</a> was the all-around champion at the <a href="/wiki/1996_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Olympics">1996 Olympics</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—but it has declined in recent years. Belarus has maintained a strong men's team. Other former republics have been less successful. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romania">Romania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Romania_women%27s_national_gymnastics_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Romania women's national gymnastics team">Romanian team</a> first achieved wide-scale success at the <a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Summer Olympics</a> with the performance of <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci" title="Nadia Comăneci">Nadia Comăneci</a>, who was the first gymnast to score a perfect 10 in Olympic competition.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that, using the centralized training system pioneered by <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_K%C3%A1rolyi" title="Béla Károlyi">Béla Károlyi</a>, they remained a dominant force in women's team and individual events for nearly four decades. </p><p>Romania was one of only two teams ever to defeat the Soviets in head-to-head World or Olympic competition, winning at the <a href="/wiki/1979_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="1979 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">1979</a> and <a href="/wiki/1987_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="1987 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">1987 World Championships</a>. (The other was the Czechoslovakian women's team at the <a href="/wiki/1966_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="1966 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">1966 World Championships</a>.) The Romanian women also won team medals at every Olympics from 1976 to 2012 inclusive, including gold medals in 1984, 2000, and 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-Olympics_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olympics-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the 16 World Championships from 1978 to 2007 inclusive, they failed to medal only twice (in 1981 and 2006) and won the team title seven times, including five victories in a row (1994–2001).<sup id="cite_ref-Worlds_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worlds-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1976 to 2000, they placed gymnasts—such as <a href="/wiki/Daniela_Siliva%C8%99" title="Daniela Silivaș">Daniela Silivaș</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lavinia_Milo%C8%99ovici" title="Lavinia Miloșovici">Lavinia Miloșovici</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Simona_Am%C3%A2nar" title="Simona Amânar">Simona Amânar</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—on the all-around podium at every Olympics, and usually did the same at the World Championships through 2015, including producing World all-around champions <a href="/wiki/Aurelia_Dobre" title="Aurelia Dobre">Aurelia Dobre</a> (1987)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Olaru" title="Maria Olaru">Maria Olaru</a> (1999).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The decline of Romanian gymnastics began after the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/2006_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2006 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2006 World Championships</a>, they failed to medal in the team competition, and only <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Izba%C8%99a" title="Sandra Izbașa">Sandra Izbașa</a> won any individual medals.<sup id="cite_ref-Worlds_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worlds-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They won bronze medals at the <a href="/wiki/2007_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2007 World Championships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a> but failed to medal at the <a href="/wiki/2010_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2010</a>, <a href="/wiki/2011_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2011</a>, or <a href="/wiki/2014_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2014 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2014 World Championships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Worlds_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worlds-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Olympics_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olympics-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Things took a drastic turn at the <a href="/wiki/2015_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2015 World Championships</a>, where Romania did not even qualify for the team final.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, it failed to qualify a full team to the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Summer Olympics</a>, placing seventh at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Gymnastics_Olympic_Test_Event" title="2016 Gymnastics Olympic Test Event">2016 Gymnastics Olympic Test Event</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It earned one Olympic spot, which was filled by 3-time Olympic champion <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lina_Ponor" title="Cătălina Ponor">Cătălina Ponor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/2018_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2018 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2018 World Championships</a>, Romania placed 13th in qualifications and did not make the team final. At the <a href="/wiki/2019_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2019 World Championships</a>, it finished 22nd out of 24 teams—beating only the Czech Republic and Egypt—and again failed to qualify a team to the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Summer Olympics</a>, with only <a href="/wiki/Maria_Holbur%C4%83" title="Maria Holbură">Maria Holbură</a> earning an <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Qualification#Women's_events" title="Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification">individual spot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Olympics were postponed due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, a second Romanian gymnast, <a href="/wiki/Larisa_Iordache" title="Larisa Iordache">Larisa Iordache</a>, earned an individual spot through the <a href="/wiki/2021_European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2021 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2021 European Championships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While less successful than the women's program, the Romanian men's program has produced <a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts#Romania_2" title="List of gymnasts">individual medalists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Marian_Dr%C4%83gulescu" title="Marian Drăgulescu">Marian Drăgulescu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marius_Urzic%C4%83" title="Marius Urzică">Marius Urzică</a> at World and Olympic competitions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_2">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics_in_the_United_States" title="Artistic gymnastics in the United States">Artistic gymnastics in the United States</a></div> <p>While isolated American gymnasts, including <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Thomas_(gymnast)" title="Kurt Thomas (gymnast)">Kurt Thomas</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Cathy_Rigby" title="Cathy Rigby">Cathy Rigby</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> won medals at World Championship competitions in the 1970s, the United States team was largely considered a "second power" until the late 1980s, when American gymnasts began medaling consistently in major, fully attended competitions. </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_artistic_team_all-around" title="Gymnastics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's artistic team all-around">1984 Olympics</a>, which the Soviet bloc <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1984 Summer Olympics boycott">boycotted</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_men%27s_national_gymnastics_team" class="mw-redirect" title="United States men's national gymnastics team">American men</a> won the gold with a team composed of <a href="/wiki/Bart_Conner" title="Bart Conner">Bart Conner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Daggett" title="Tim Daggett">Tim Daggett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitch_Gaylord" title="Mitch Gaylord">Mitch Gaylord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Hartung" title="Jim Hartung">Jim Hartung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Johnson_(gymnast)" title="Scott Johnson (gymnast)">Scott Johnson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Vidmar" title="Peter Vidmar">Peter Vidmar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_gymnastics_team" class="mw-redirect" title="United States women's national gymnastics team">women's team</a>—composed of <a href="/wiki/Pam_Bileck" title="Pam Bileck">Pam Bileck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Dusserre" title="Michelle Dusserre">Michelle Dusserre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathy_Johnson" title="Kathy Johnson">Kathy Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julianne_McNamara" title="Julianne McNamara">Julianne McNamara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Lou_Retton" title="Mary Lou Retton">Mary Lou Retton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tracee_Talavera" title="Tracee Talavera">Tracee Talavera</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—won a silver medal,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Retton became the first American Olympic all-around champion.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Zmeskal" title="Kim Zmeskal">Kim Zmeskal</a> became the first American all-around winner at the World Championships.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1992 Summer Olympics">1992 Olympics</a>, the American women won their first team medal (bronze) at a fully attended Games,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as their highest all-around ranking, a silver medal for <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Miller" title="Shannon Miller">Shannon Miller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In men's gymnastics, <a href="/wiki/Trent_Dimas" title="Trent Dimas">Trent Dimas</a> won the horizontal bar final.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. women's team has become increasingly successful in the modern era, with the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996 Olympic</a> team victory of the <a href="/wiki/Magnificent_Seven_(Gymnastics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnificent Seven (Gymnastics)">Magnificent Seven</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/2003_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2003 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2003 Worlds</a> team victory,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and multiple medals in both WAG and MAG at the <a href="/wiki/2004_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Olympics">2004 Olympics</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/2012_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Olympics">2012 Olympics</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/2016_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Olympics">2016 Olympics</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the U.S. women won the team gold. The United States has produced the last six women's Olympic all-around champions—<a href="/wiki/Carly_Patterson" title="Carly Patterson">Carly Patterson</a> (2004),<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nastia_Liukin" title="Nastia Liukin">Nastia Liukin</a> (2008),<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gabby_Douglas" title="Gabby Douglas">Gabby Douglas</a> (2012),<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Simone_Biles" title="Simone Biles">Simone Biles</a> (2016, 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sunisa_Lee" title="Sunisa Lee">Sunisa Lee</a> (2021)—as well as individual gymnasts such as World all-around champions Zmeskal (1991), <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Miller" title="Shannon Miller">Shannon Miller</a> (1993, 1994),<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chellsie_Memmel" title="Chellsie Memmel">Chellsie Memmel</a> (2005),<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Shawn Johnson">Shawn Johnson</a> (2007),<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bridget_Sloan" title="Bridget Sloan">Bridget Sloan</a> (2009),<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jordyn_Wieber" title="Jordyn Wieber">Jordyn Wieber</a> (2011),<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biles (2013, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2023),<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Hurd" title="Morgan Hurd">Morgan Hurd</a> (2017).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/2005_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2005 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2005 World Championships</a>, American women won the gold and silver in the all-around and in every event final except vault (where <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Sacramone" title="Alicia Sacramone">Alicia Sacramone</a> placed third).<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They continue to be one of the most dominant forces in the sport.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The men's team made the medal podium at the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2004Oly_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2004Oly-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics" title="2024 Summer Olympics">2024 Olympics</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/2003_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2003 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2003</a><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/2011_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2011 World Championships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hamm" title="Paul Hamm">Paul Hamm</a>, the most successful U.S. male gymnast, became the first American man to win a World all-around title in 2003. He followed this up by winning the all-around at the 2004 Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Horton" title="Jonathan Horton">Jonathan Horton</a> won a silver medal on the horizontal bar at the 2008 Olympics and a bronze in the all-around at the 2010 World Championships,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Danell_Leyva" title="Danell Leyva">Danell Leyva</a> won the all-around bronze medal at the 2012 Olympics and two silver medals (parallel bars and horizontal bar) at the 2016 Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>China has had successful men's and women's programs over the past 25 years. The Chinese men won team gold at the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_artistic_team_all-around" title="Gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's artistic team all-around">2000</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_artistic_team_all-around" title="Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's artistic team all-around">2008</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_artistic_team_all-around" title="Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's artistic team all-around">2012 Olympics</a><sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_liveblog_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_liveblog-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and every World Championship team title from 1994 to 2014 (except 2001, when they placed fifth).<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have produced <a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts#China_2" title="List of gymnasts">individual gymnasts</a> like Olympic all-around champions <a href="/wiki/Li_Xiaoshuang" title="Li Xiaoshuang">Li Xiaoshuang</a> (1996)<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Yang_Wei_(gymnast)" title="Yang Wei (gymnast)">Yang Wei</a> (2008).<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/China_women%27s_national_gymnastics_team" class="mw-redirect" title="China women's national gymnastics team">Chinese women's team</a> won gold at the <a href="/wiki/2006_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2006 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2006 World Championships</a><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_artistic_team_all-around" title="Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic team all-around">2008 Olympics</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has produced <a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts#China" title="List of gymnasts">individual gymnasts</a> like <a href="/wiki/Mo_Huilan" title="Mo Huilan">Mo Huilan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kui_Yuanyuan" title="Kui Yuanyuan">Kui Yuanyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yang_Bo_(gymnast)" title="Yang Bo (gymnast)">Yang Bo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheng_Fei" title="Cheng Fei">Cheng Fei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sui_Lu" title="Sui Lu">Sui Lu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huang_Huidan" title="Huang Huidan">Huang Huidan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yao_Jinnan" title="Yao Jinnan">Yao Jinnan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fan_Yilin" title="Fan Yilin">Fan Yilin</a>. Chinese women who have won individual Olympic gold medals are <a href="/wiki/Ma_Yanhong" title="Ma Yanhong">Ma Yanhong</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lu_Li" title="Lu Li">Lu Li</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xuan_(gymnast)" title="Liu Xuan (gymnast)">Liu Xuan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/He_Kexin" title="He Kexin">He Kexin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Deng_Linlin" title="Deng Linlin">Deng Linlin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Guan_Chenchen" title="Guan Chenchen">Guan Chenchen</a>. </p><p>Though for many years considered a two-event team (uneven bars and balance beam), China has developed successful all-arounders like Olympic bronze medalists <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xuan_(gymnast)" title="Liu Xuan (gymnast)">Liu Xuan</a> (2000),<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Nan_(gymnast)" title="Zhang Nan (gymnast)">Zhang Nan</a> (2004),<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Yang_Yilin" title="Yang Yilin">Yang Yilin</a> (2008).<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the Soviet Union, they have been accused of grueling and sometimes cruel training methods,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as age falsification.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes.com_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Japanese men's team was dominant during the 1960s and 1970s, winning every Olympic team title from 1960 through 1976<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thanks to <a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts#Japan_2" title="List of gymnasts">individual gymnasts</a> such as Olympic all-around champions <a href="/wiki/Sawao_Kato" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawao Kato">Sawao Katō</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yukio_Endo_(gymnast)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yukio Endo (gymnast)">Yukio Endō</a>. Several innovations pioneered by <a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts#Japan_2" title="List of gymnasts">Japanese gymnasts</a> during this era have remained in the sport, including the <a href="/wiki/Tsukahara_vault" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsukahara vault">Tsukahara vault</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, Japanese men have re-emerged as top contenders since winning a team gold at the 2004 Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-2004Oly_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2004Oly-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six-time World champion and two-time Olympic all-around gold medalist <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dhei_Uchimura" title="Kōhei Uchimura">Kōhei Uchimura</a> is widely considered to be the best all-around gymnast ever,<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Hiroyuki_Tomita" title="Hiroyuki Tomita">Hiroyuki Tomita</a> won 10 World and Olympic medals from 2003 to 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The women have been less successful, but there have been individual standouts such as Olympic and World medalist <a href="/wiki/Keiko_Tanaka-Ikeda" title="Keiko Tanaka-Ikeda">Keiko Tanaka-Ikeda</a>, who competed in the 1950s and 1960s,<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more recently <a href="/wiki/Koko_Tsurumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Koko Tsurumi">Koko Tsurumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rie_Tanaka_(gymnast)" title="Rie Tanaka (gymnast)">Rie Tanaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natsumi_Sasada" class="mw-redirect" title="Natsumi Sasada">Natsumi Sasada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuko_Shintake" title="Yuko Shintake">Yuko Shintake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asuka_Teramoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Asuka Teramoto">Asuka Teramoto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sae_Miyakawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sae Miyakawa">Sae Miyakawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hitomi_Hatakeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitomi Hatakeda">Hitomi Hatakeda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aiko_Sugihara" title="Aiko Sugihara">Aiko Sugihara</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mai_Murakami" title="Mai Murakami">Mai Murakami</a>. Tsurumi won a bronze medal in the all-around and silver on bars at the <a href="/wiki/2009_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2009 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2009 World Championships</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Murakami won gold on floor in <a href="/wiki/2017_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2017 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2017</a>, the first Japanese woman to win a World gold medal since Tanaka-Ikeda.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany_2">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The German Democratic Republic, or <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>, had a very successful gymnastics program before the <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">reunification of Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its MAG and WAG teams frequently won silver or bronze medals at the World Championships and Olympics, led by <a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts#Germany_2" title="List of gymnasts">male gymnasts</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Wecker" title="Andreas Wecker">Andreas Wecker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roland_Br%C3%BCckner" title="Roland Brückner">Roland Brückner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts#Germany" title="List of gymnasts">female gymnasts</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Maxi_Gnauck" title="Maxi Gnauck">Maxi Gnauck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karin_Janz" class="mw-redirect" title="Karin Janz">Karin Janz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Erika_Zuchold" title="Erika Zuchold">Erika Zuchold</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Federal Republic of Germany, or <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, had international stars like <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Gienger" title="Eberhard Gienger">Eberhard Gienger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willi_Jaschek" title="Willi Jaschek">Willi Jaschek</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Bantz" title="Helmut Bantz">Helmut Bantz</a>. </p><p>Since its reunification, Germany has produced some medal-winning gymnasts, including <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Hamb%C3%BCchen" title="Fabian Hambüchen">Fabian Hambüchen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Boy" title="Philipp Boy">Philipp Boy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Nguyen" title="Marcel Nguyen">Marcel Nguyen</a> among the men and <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Pauline Schäfer">Pauline Schäfer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Seitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Seitz">Elizabeth Seitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Scheder" title="Sophie Scheder">Sophie Scheder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tabea_Alt" title="Tabea Alt">Tabea Alt</a> among the women. The former Soviet/Uzbek gymnast <a href="/wiki/Oksana_Chusovitina" title="Oksana Chusovitina">Oksana Chusovitina</a> also competed for Germany from 2006 to 2012, winning two World medals and an Olympic silver on vault.<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Czechoslovakia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakian</a> women's team was the main threat to the dominance of the Soviet women's team for decades. They won team medals at every World Championships and Olympics from 1934 to 1970, with the exceptions of the <a href="/wiki/1950_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">1950 Worlds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1956 Summer Olympics">1956 Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Worlds_36-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worlds-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Olympics_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olympics-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among <a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts#Czechoslovakia" title="List of gymnasts">their leaders</a> were <a href="/wiki/Vlasta_D%C4%9Bkanov%C3%A1" title="Vlasta Děkanová">Vlasta Děkanová</a>, the first women's World all-around champion,<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/V%C4%9Bra_%C4%8C%C3%A1slavsk%C3%A1" title="Věra Čáslavská">Věra Čáslavská</a>, who won all five European, World and Olympic all-around titles during the 1964–68 Olympic cycle<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—a feat never matched by any other gymnast, male or female. Čáslavská also led Czechoslovakia to the world team title in <a href="/wiki/1966_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="1966 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">1966</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making the country one of only two (Romania being the other) ever to defeat the Soviet women's team at a major competition. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts#Czechoslovakia_2" title="List of gymnasts">Czechoslovakian men</a>'s success at the World Championships was the greatest of any country before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>: They were first in the medal table more than any other nation and won the most team titles during the pre-WWII period. </p><p>Together, Czechoslovakia and its precursor, the <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian</a> constituent <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>, produced four men's World all-around champions: <a href="/wiki/Josef_%C4%8Cada" title="Josef Čada">Josef Čada</a> in 1907, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Steiner" title="Ferdinand Steiner">Ferdinand Steiner</a> in 1911, <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Pech%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="František Pecháček">František Pecháček</a> in 1922, and <a href="/wiki/Jan_Gajdo%C5%A1" title="Jan Gajdoš">Jan Gajdoš</a> in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-Worlds_36-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worlds-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their most decorated athlete was <a href="/wiki/Ladislav_V%C3%A1cha" title="Ladislav Vácha">Ladislav Vácha</a>, who won 10 individual World and Olympic medals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungary">Hungary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Led by individuals such as 10-time Olympic medalist (with five golds) <a href="/wiki/%C3%81gnes_Keleti" title="Ágnes Keleti">Ágnes Keleti</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Hungarian women's team medaled at the first four Olympics that included women's artistic gymnastics competitions (1936–1956),<sup id="cite_ref-Olympics_37-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olympics-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as at the <a href="/wiki/1954_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="1954 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">1954 World Championships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Worlds_36-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worlds-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a long decline, World and Olympic vault champion <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_%C3%93nodi" title="Henrietta Ónodi">Henrietta Ónodi</a> put them back on the map in the late 1980s and early 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts#Hungary_2" title="List of gymnasts">Hungarian men</a> never had the same level of success as <a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts#Hungary" title="List of gymnasts">the women</a>. However, <a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Magyar" title="Zoltán Magyar">Zoltán Magyar</a> dominated the pommel horse in the 1970s, winning eight of a possible nine European, World, and Olympic titles from 1973 to 1980. <a href="/wiki/Szilveszter_Csoll%C3%A1ny" title="Szilveszter Csollány">Szilveszter Csollány</a>, a World and Olympic champion on rings, also won medals at major competitions for a decade starting in the early 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-Worlds_36-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worlds-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Olympics_37-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olympics-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In more recent years, <a href="/wiki/Kriszti%C3%A1n_Berki" title="Krisztián Berki">Krisztián Berki</a> has won World and Olympic titles on the pommel horse.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_nations">Other nations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Other nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several other nations have been strong competitors in WAG and MAG. The rise of various countries' programs in recent years is partly due to the large exodus of coaching talent from the USSR and other former <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> countries. </p><p>In the past two decades, Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brazil,<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Great Britain,<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France,<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italy,<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Netherlands,<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and South Korea<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have produced World and Olympic medalists and have started winning team medals at continental, World and Olympic competitions. Individual gymnasts from Croatia,<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greece,<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Korea,<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slovenia,<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spain,<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ireland<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have also been successful in major competitions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_consequences">Health consequences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Health consequences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_health">Physical health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Physical health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gymnastics sits on many lists of the world's most dangerous sports.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artistic gymnastics carries an inherently high risk of spinal and other injuries,<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in extremely rare cases, gymnasts have sustained fatal injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Julissa_Gomez" title="Julissa Gomez">Julissa Gomez</a>, an American gymnast, died in 1991<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after breaking her neck while vaulting three years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several other gymnasts have been paralyzed from accidents in training or competition, including <a href="/wiki/Elena_Mukhina" title="Elena Mukhina">Elena Mukhina</a> of the Soviet Union<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sang_Lan" title="Sang Lan">Sang Lan</a> of China.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mental_health">Mental health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Mental health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pressure of the sport can make it even more dangerous to athletes. During the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, gymnast <a href="/wiki/Simone_Biles" title="Simone Biles">Simone Biles</a> took a step back from competition to assess her mental health and ensure she was not putting herself at a greater risk of physical injury.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other athletes have expressed their support and called for a greater emphasis on mental health in gymnastics.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies_and_abuse">Controversies and abuse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Controversies and abuse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Eating_disorder" title="Eating disorder">Eating disorders</a> are also common, especially in women's gymnastics, in which gymnasts are motivated and sometimes pushed by coaches to maintain a below-normal body weight.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The problem gained public attention in the 1990s after the death of <a href="/wiki/Christy_Henrich" title="Christy Henrich">Christy Henrich</a>, a U.S. national team member who suffered from <a href="/wiki/Anorexia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anorexia">anorexia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulimia">bulimia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abusive coaching and training practices in gymnastics gained widespread attention after Joan Ryan's book <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Girls_in_Pretty_Boxes" title="Little Girls in Pretty Boxes">Little Girls in Pretty Boxes</a></i> was published in 1995. USA Gymnastics began investigating several coaches in their program for abuse. In the late 2010s, many individual gymnasts—including former elite competitors from Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britain,<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the United States<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—began to speak out about the abuse they had experienced.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This followed several years of <a href="/wiki/USA_Gymnastics_sex_abuse_scandal" title="USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal">allegations of sexual abuse</a> by gymnastics coaches and other authority figures, including the former U.S. team doctor <a href="/wiki/Larry_Nassar" title="Larry Nassar">Larry Nassar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2020, Maggie Haney, former coach of Olympian Laurie Hernandez, was suspended for eight years following her allegations of verbal and emotional abuse toward her gymnasts.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1996 Olympics, Kerri Strug injured her foot after her first vault. However, her vault was standing between Team USA and a gold medal. Strug performed her second vault, landing on one foot, and was carried off by her coach, crying in pain.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strug's teammate, Dominique Moceanu also opened up about the abuse she experienced. She said that she competed in the Olympics with a tibial stress fracture. Additionally, she fell on her head during her beam routine and discussed how none of these injuries were properly treated.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After being the coordinators for Team USA for nearly three decades in 2016, Bela and Marta Karolyi retired. After allegations that gymnasts were experiencing sexual abuse while training at the Karolyi ranch, it was officially closed in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon investigations of those working closely with Larry Nassar, John Geddert, head coach of the 2012 Women's Olympic Team, was suspended by USA Gymnastics for sexual assault, physical abuse, and human trafficking, and committed suicide shortly after being charged in February 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> had heard allegations from gymnasts regarding their sexual abuse as early as 2015 but did not address them until years later when Nassar was sentenced to prison in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of Nassar's court hearing, more than 160 women had spoken up about the abuse they endured.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a Senate hearing from September 2021, the victims and their representatives claimed that Nassar had abused 120 more women from the time the FBI knew about his allegations until the time they took action against him.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_female_artistic_gymnasts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current female artistic gymnasts">List of current female artistic gymnasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts#Artistic_gymnasts" title="List of gymnasts">List of notable artistic gymnasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gymnastics_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Gymnastics Hall of Fame">International Gymnastics Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(men)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (men)">List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (men)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(women)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (women)">List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (women)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_terms_named_after_people#Artistic_gymnastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports terms named after people">Artistic gymnastics terms named after people</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFinkelberg1998" class="citation journal cs1">Finkelberg, Margalit (1998). <a rel="nofollow" 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Artistic_gymnastics_apparatus_and_equipment" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Artistic_Gymnastics_Apparatus_and_Equipment" title="Template:Artistic Gymnastics Apparatus and Equipment"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Artistic_Gymnastics_Apparatus_and_Equipment" title="Template talk:Artistic Gymnastics Apparatus and Equipment"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Artistic_Gymnastics_Apparatus_and_Equipment" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Artistic Gymnastics Apparatus and Equipment"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Artistic_gymnastics_apparatus_and_equipment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artistic gymnastics</a> apparatus and equipment</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Women's apparatus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vault_(gymnastics)" title="Vault (gymnastics)">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uneven_bars" title="Uneven bars">Uneven bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_beam" title="Balance beam">Balance beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_(gymnastics)" title="Floor (gymnastics)">Floor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Men's apparatus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floor_(gymnastics)" title="Floor (gymnastics)">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pommel_horse" title="Pommel horse">Pommel horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_(gymnastics)" title="Rings (gymnastics)">Still rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vault_(gymnastics)" title="Vault (gymnastics)">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_bars" title="Parallel bars">Parallel bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_bar" title="Horizontal bar">Horizontal bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment and uniforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hand_guard" title="Hand guard">Braces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grip_(gymnastics)" title="Grip (gymnastics)">Grips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mat_(gymnastics)" title="Mat (gymnastics)">Mats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_(gymnastics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform (gymnastics)">Uniforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Artistic_gymnastics_medalists" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#BFD7FF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Artistic_Gymnastics_Medalists" title="Template:Artistic Gymnastics Medalists"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Artistic_Gymnastics_Medalists" title="Template talk:Artistic Gymnastics Medalists"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Artistic_Gymnastics_Medalists" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Artistic Gymnastics Medalists"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Artistic_gymnastics_medalists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Artistic gymnastics medalists</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%">Men's</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(men)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (men)">Olympic Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(men)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (men)">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(men)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (men)">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(men)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (men)">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(men)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (men)">Pommel horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(men)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (men)">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(men)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (men)">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(men)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (men)">Parallel bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(men)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (men)">Horizontal bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">World Championships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_team_all-around" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's team all-around">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_individual_all-around" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's individual all-around">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_floor" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's floor">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_pommel_horse" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's pommel horse">Pommel horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_rings" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's rings">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_vault" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's vault">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_parallel_bars" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's parallel bars">Parallel bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_horizontal_bar" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's horizontal bar">Horizontal bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Artistic_Gymnastics_Junior_World_Championships" title="Artistic Gymnastics Junior World Championships">Junior World Championships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_team_all-around" title="Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Boys' team all-around">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_individual_all-around" title="Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Boys' individual all-around">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_floor" title="Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Boys' floor">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_pommel_horse" title="Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Boys' pommel horse">Pommel horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_rings" title="Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Boys' rings">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_vault" title="Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Boys' vault">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_parallel_bars" title="Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Boys' parallel bars">Parallel bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Boys%27_horizontal_bar" title="Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Boys' horizontal bar">Horizontal bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Men%27s_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships">European Championships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_team_all-around" title="European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's team all-around">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_individual_all-around" title="European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's individual all-around">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_floor" title="European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's floor">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_pommel_horse" title="European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's pommel horse">Pommel horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_rings" title="European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's rings">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_vault" title="European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's vault">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_parallel_bars" title="European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's parallel bars">Parallel bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_horizontal_bar" title="European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's horizontal bar">Horizontal bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_team_all-around" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games – Men's team all-around">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_individual_all-around" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games – Men's individual all-around">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_floor" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games – Men's floor">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_pommel_horse" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games – Men's pommel horse">Pommel horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_rings" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games – Men's rings">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_vault" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games – Men's vault">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_parallel_bars" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games – Men's parallel bars">Parallel bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_horizontal_bar" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games – Men's horizontal bar">Horizontal bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Gymnastics_Championships" title="Pan American Gymnastics Championships">Pan American Championships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_team_all-around" title="Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's team all-around">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_individual_all-around" title="Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's individual all-around">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_floor" title="Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's floor">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_pommel_horse" title="Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's pommel horse">Pommel horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_rings" title="Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's rings">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_vault" title="Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's vault">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_parallel_bars" title="Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's parallel bars">Parallel bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_horizontal_bar" title="Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Men's horizontal bar">Horizontal bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_medallists_in_gymnastics#Men's_artistic" title="List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics">Commonwealth Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_medallists_in_gymnastics#Team" title="List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_medallists_in_gymnastics#All-around" title="List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_medallists_in_gymnastics#Floor" title="List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_medallists_in_gymnastics#Pommel_horse" title="List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics">Pommel horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_medallists_in_gymnastics#Rings" title="List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_medallists_in_gymnastics#Vault" title="List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_medallists_in_gymnastics#Parallel_bars" title="List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics">Parallel bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_medallists_in_gymnastics#Horizontal_bar" title="List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics">Horizontal bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%">Women's</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(women)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (women)">Olympic Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(women)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (women)">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(women)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (women)">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(women)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (women)">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(women)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (women)">Uneven bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(women)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (women)">Balance beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_gymnastics_(women)" title="List of Olympic medalists in gymnastics (women)">Floor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">World Championships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_team_all-around" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's team all-around">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_individual_all-around" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's individual all-around">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_vault" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's vault">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_uneven_bars" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's uneven bars">Uneven bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_balance_beam" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's balance beam">Balance beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_floor" title="World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's floor">Floor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Artistic_Gymnastics_Junior_World_Championships" title="Artistic Gymnastics Junior World Championships">Junior World Championships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Girls%27_team_all-around" title="Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Girls' team all-around">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Girls%27_individual_all-around" title="Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Girls' individual all-around">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Girls%27_vault" title="Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Girls' vault">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Girls%27_uneven_bars" title="Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Girls' uneven bars">Uneven bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Girls%27_balance_beam" title="Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Girls' balance beam">Balance beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Girls%27_floor" title="Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Girls' floor">Floor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Artistic_Gymnastics_World_Cup" title="Artistic Gymnastics World Cup">World Cup Final</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_Gymnastics_World_Cup_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_individual_all-around" title="Artistic Gymnastics World Cup – Women's individual all-around">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_Gymnastics_World_Cup_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_vault" title="Artistic Gymnastics World Cup – Women's vault">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_Gymnastics_World_Cup_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_uneven_bars" title="Artistic Gymnastics World Cup – Women's uneven bars">Uneven bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_Gymnastics_World_Cup_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_balance_beam" title="Artistic Gymnastics World Cup – Women's balance beam">Balance beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_Gymnastics_World_Cup_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_floor" title="Artistic Gymnastics World Cup – Women's floor">Floor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Women%27s_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships">European Championships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_team_all-around" title="European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's team all-around">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_individual_all-around" title="European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's individual all-around">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_vault" title="European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's vault">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_uneven_bars" title="European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's uneven bars">Uneven bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_balance_beam" title="European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's balance beam">Balance beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_floor" title="European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's floor">Floor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_European_Games" title="Gymnastics at the European Games">European Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_European_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_individual_all-around" title="Gymnastics at the European Games – Women's individual all-around">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_European_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_vault" title="Gymnastics at the European Games – Women's vault">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_European_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_uneven_bars" title="Gymnastics at the European Games – Women's uneven bars">Uneven bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_European_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_balance_beam" title="Gymnastics at the European Games – Women's balance beam">Balance beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_European_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_floor_exercise" title="Gymnastics at the European Games – Women's floor exercise">Floor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_team_all-around" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games – Women's team all-around">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_individual_all-around" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games – Women's individual all-around">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_vault" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games – Women's vault">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_uneven_bars" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games – Women's uneven bars">Uneven bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_balance_beam" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games – Women's balance beam">Balance beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_floor" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games – Women's floor">Floor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Gymnastics_Championships" title="Pan American Gymnastics Championships">Pan American Championships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_team_all-around" title="Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's team all-around">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_individual_all-around" title="Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's individual all-around">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_vault" title="Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's vault">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_uneven_bars" title="Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's uneven bars">Uneven bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_balance_beam" title="Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's balance beam">Balance beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_floor" title="Pan American Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's floor">Floor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Asian_Games" title="Gymnastics at the Asian Games">Asian Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_Games_medalists_in_gymnastics" title="List of Asian Games medalists in gymnastics">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_Games_medalists_in_gymnastics" title="List of Asian Games medalists in gymnastics">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_Games_medalists_in_gymnastics" title="List of Asian Games medalists in gymnastics">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_Games_medalists_in_gymnastics" title="List of Asian Games medalists in gymnastics">Uneven bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_Games_medalists_in_gymnastics" title="List of Asian Games medalists in gymnastics">Balance beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_Games_medalists_in_gymnastics" title="List of Asian Games medalists in gymnastics">Floor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="African Artistic Gymnastics Championships">African Championships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_individual_all-around" title="African Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's individual all-around">All-around</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim_Championships" title="Pacific Rim Championships">Pacific Rim Championships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_team_all-around" title="Pacific Rim Championships – Women's team all-around">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_individual_all-around" title="Pacific Rim Championships – Women's individual all-around">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_vault" title="Pacific Rim Championships – Women's vault">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_uneven_bars" title="Pacific Rim Championships – Women's uneven bars">Uneven bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_balance_beam" title="Pacific Rim Championships – Women's balance beam">Balance beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_floor" title="Pacific Rim Championships – Women's floor">Floor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_medallists_in_gymnastics#Women's_artistic" title="List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics">Commonwealth Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_medallists_in_gymnastics#Team_2" title="List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_medallists_in_gymnastics#All-around_2" title="List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics">All-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_medallists_in_gymnastics#Vault_2" title="List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_medallists_in_gymnastics#Uneven_bars" title="List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics">Uneven bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_medallists_in_gymnastics#Beam" title="List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics">Balance beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_Games_medallists_in_gymnastics#Floor_2" title="List of Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics">Floor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gymnastics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gymnastics" title="Template:Gymnastics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gymnastics" title="Template talk:Gymnastics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gymnastics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gymnastics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">Gymnastics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrobatics" title="Acrobatics">Acrobatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Points_(gymnastics)" title="Code of Points (gymnastics)">Code of Points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_gymnastics_terms" title="Glossary of gymnastics terms">Glossary of terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gym" title="Gym">Gym</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Gymnastics_Federation" title="International Gymnastics Federation">FIG</a> disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrobatic_gymnastics" title="Acrobatic gymnastics">Acrobatic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerobic_gymnastics" title="Aerobic gymnastics">Aerobic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artistic gymnastics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floor_exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="Floor exercise">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vault_(gymnastics)" title="Vault (gymnastics)">Vault</a></li> <li>Men's only <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pommel_horse" title="Pommel horse">Pommel horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_(gymnastics)" title="Rings (gymnastics)">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_bars" title="Parallel bars">Parallel bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_bar" title="Horizontal bar">Horizontal bar</a></li></ul></li> <li>Women's only <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_beam" title="Balance beam">Balance beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uneven_bars" title="Uneven bars">Uneven bars</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-gymnastics" title="Para-gymnastics">Para-gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkour" title="Parkour">Parkour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics" title="Rhythmic gymnastics">Rhythmic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trampolining" title="Trampolining">Trampoline</a> (<a href="/wiki/Synchronized_trampoline" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronized trampoline">synchronized</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Double_mini" class="mw-redirect" title="Double mini">double mini</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Tumbling_(sport)" title="Tumbling (sport)">Tumbling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnastics_competitions" title="List of gymnastics competitions">Competitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">FIG</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the Summer Olympics">Olympic Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Youth_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnastics at the Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_World_Championships" title="Gymnastics World Championships">World Championships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junior_World_Gymnastics_Championships" title="Junior World Gymnastics Championships">Junior Worlds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIG_World_Cup" title="FIG World Cup">World Cup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_Gymnastics_World_Cup" title="Artistic Gymnastics World Cup">Artistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_Gymnastics_World_Cup" title="Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup">Rhythmic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_World_Games" title="Gymnastics at the World Games">World Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Championships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>African <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="African Artistic Gymnastics Championships">Artistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Rhythmic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="African Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships">Rhythmic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Gymnastics_Championships" title="Asian Gymnastics Championships">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Gymnastics_Championships" title="European Gymnastics Championships">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Continents_Gymnastics_Championships" title="Four Continents Gymnastics Championships">Four Continents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceania_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="Oceania Artistic Gymnastics Championships">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim_Championships" title="Pacific Rim Championships">Pacific Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Gymnastics_Championships" title="Pan American Gymnastics Championships">Pan American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_Gymnastics_Championships" title="South American Gymnastics Championships">South American</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_African_Games" title="Gymnastics at the African Games">African Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Asian_Games" title="Gymnastics at the Asian Games">Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="Gymnastics at the Central American and Caribbean Games">CAC Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games" title="Gymnastics at the Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_European_Games" title="Gymnastics at the European Games">European Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_Gymnastics_Grand_Prix" title="Rhythmic Gymnastics Grand Prix">Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Mediterranean_Games" title="Gymnastics at the Mediterranean Games">Mediterranean Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_South_American_Games" title="Gymnastics at the South American Games">South American Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Summer_Universiade" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnastics at the Summer Universiade">Universiade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts" title="List of gymnasts">List of gymnasts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_men%27s_artistic_gymnasts" title="List of men's artistic gymnasts">MAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_artistic_gymnasts" title="List of women artistic gymnasts">WAG</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longines_Prize_for_Elegance" title="Longines Prize for Elegance">Longines Prize for Elegance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gymnastics_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Gymnastics Hall of Fame">International Gymnastics Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_achievements_in_gymnastics_by_nation" title="Major achievements in gymnastics by nation">Major achievements by nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_changes_in_gymnastics" title="Nationality changes in gymnastics">Nationality changes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acro_dance" title="Acro dance">Acro dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_group_gymnastics" title="Aesthetic group gymnastics">Aesthetic group gymnastics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Aesthetic_Group_Gymnastics_Championships" title="World Aesthetic Group Gymnastics Championships">World Championships</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_vaulting" title="Equestrian vaulting">Equestrian vaulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeamGym" title="TeamGym">TeamGym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_gymnastics" title="Wheel gymnastics">Wheel gymnastics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Summer_Olympic_sports" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Summer_Olympic_sports" title="Template:Summer Olympic sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Summer_Olympic_sports" title="Template talk:Summer Olympic sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Summer_Olympic_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Summer Olympic sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Summer_Olympic_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Olympic_sports" title="Olympic sports">Summer Olympic sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mandatory sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquatic sports">Aquatics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_swimming" title="Synchronized swimming">Artistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_(sport)" title="Diving (sport)">Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_water_swimming" title="Open water swimming">Marathon Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">Water polo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">Badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3x3_basketball" title="3x3 basketball">3x3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoeing" title="Canoeing">Canoeing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_slalom" title="Canoe slalom">Canoe slalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_sprint" title="Canoe sprint">Canoe sprint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">Cycling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMX_racing" title="BMX racing">BMX racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_BMX" title="Freestyle BMX">Freestyle BMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike_racing" title="Mountain bike racing">Mountain biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">Road cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">Track cycling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">Equestrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dressage" title="Dressage">Dressage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eventing" title="Eventing">Eventing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">Show jumping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">Gymnastics</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artistic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics" title="Rhythmic gymnastics">Rhythmic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trampolining" title="Trampolining">Trampolining</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">Handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_pentathlon" title="Modern pentathlon">Modern pentathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">Rowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">Rugby sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_(sport)" title="Sailing (sport)">Sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_sports" title="Shooting sports">Shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skateboarding" title="Skateboarding">Skateboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_climbing" title="Competition climbing">Sport climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">Table tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">Tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">Beach volleyball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting" title="Olympic weightlifting">Weightlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">Freestyle wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman wrestling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discretionary sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> / <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">Flag football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_sixes" title="Lacrosse sixes">Lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_(sport)" title="Squash (sport)">Squash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paralympic_sports" title="Paralympic sports">Paralympic sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Olympic sports">Winter Olympic sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326827#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326827#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326827#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4020301-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Artistic gymnastics"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2001010761">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gymnastique sportive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12651411h">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gymnastique sportive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12651411h">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="sportovní gymnastika"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph125945&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007561568305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=30177">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&oldid=1257190819">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artistic_gymnastics&oldid=1257190819</a>"</div></div> <div 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