CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9177d8ba4f85410a',cH: 'RgVGfxtY6pt_WPo_4X6wR7IZLx7ApUPUWVA5VfvaCq8-1740488093-1.2.1.1-QnbOVXnhBpaxtbis3XS8fEBoWNY2ZPiGE7F_mMsdW1hR0fL0qBGKsur4goMq1xPs',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=Parvaneh%20Vafa&__cf_chl_tk=xBHe264EIL.o5IwvEDXoeZDuusSTSejE_GVRfxQL_x8-1740488093-1.0.1.1-JqjJvKXlkkbwyL2.cpzakEL8PJPdEQA50R6hUqeS4fQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740488093',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=Parvaneh%20Vafa&__cf_chl_f_tk=xBHe264EIL.o5IwvEDXoeZDuusSTSejE_GVRfxQL_x8-1740488093-1.0.1.1-JqjJvKXlkkbwyL2.cpzakEL8PJPdEQA50R6hUqeS4fQ",md: "3eUc7Q.WHj7eulBBl4GofK_MIVVUuG8GehYdANavOVg-1740488093-1.2.1.1-ZiesBNKbhhJ5sSv99ZDUza6sZGcJgDiaDJ9YKCShjcofvwBHBkyE0ePY9ZhFLPkIAWeeIsUW3sq3JIPUWTNuQIvnqd7FFICLj6immZCr1yHjBZh3qsTlgYRHvN1UWyH4t2lx2KcnAEaztj0w3qqgNVCtcCkwAJpgYYM9NskNcJEwJfMEDcoF8Cwu6225LA440y.1Axq_SOitHXKQ4WMgzH0TnmrMx_A.n7GFoBrulFsi_V1ngj5TSff4.6pKlrblKU_0KuAMx49QUUaGgQ_rwo69cEboacZjfsTnHH736nP9kfTbRMhSSD95Te.C7K2ZPwdEhC4nMbe99n.UD7p8qBUHCjU2FxXNmJaMZJ5YreEAqgHBgXwsLjVJA6RXnlqrNgx95xTV8wrkmTJeNdG4.GDXUHYLyocXNPeX.AsIUjLqGYP1Oqnk19k7vyeg7TMGzIlVFl4xt_jJ1802tbp3dJ6kmgK.vb14ZaLyi.HuMN840LY4pAupjfJh7icH7e7dhizYEhR_9bgVvP.rd9soQ7aMPJfYnVgwY5FOIN4XxvSksoWg5TwBeJypYGsetjkHOmzuny2AZd40Oi1a8xlHCY9wkpnfSx9suXjucCBF575.UF3vMLg7TUYINJD.ZKdO8I.Bp7g9GTvh8IbDwG1vWVFKflJJ7KLEOTMpuvITdfVAlOF8y4wqs.9qado6sT3i6JVignouxa5qSDXA4rAMq_MTnsC9KKos4A_rFPBDr89n0wmm1Rhapxp2wmr5lsxs3i.Y0VEno8uL9q5ta3PswjKjvg9NUkcQPnBrvZB2zuABrFk3O.iE38cUUz_wqWRlPKH_te8GunbBnK3VsY6Sa1mGg1.vdNeH7j5qECQnr9iRTDbvdkZd.19tLdJVxupuqf6mAgFpKv4P03IKMVdbIz0UNPa.OVFfXjS9h7tFiknukPzSkpQ2i8K3Iex1WbGwR.eGYuHziiJd83To7EHlvr4L1IC8ZED4ugs_L4jx3GB88UvqzgR8G1H0_Hj0hgEe1Gmg_FzlgtmzEyJdotHFoXxPcIoN.2dNekkBpsbsx8gdYzQdo2.zM6N5GiHWtJebmmDzGswk1vV8Q6aO1hos1PUkTCKZxZJ4qsF7gPVPrlJLHeBJCfVqPfhpNhnlkPAcsPo7TRNM4_1yeFlLWIKoBmNXgRUW97IygMx1MUep1C2exCehohs0hn341z0c_sTJR6EbngHQS6LzJ0V69q4BNCcutNeicSu_GTEyqRw6YVOiTzSx6HnecX8QotOhGwrz8JcLhuGlwmvfaGM5MWSjl3aN_CzQpCxPA1Fsiiu44NDYdxReGcSl03pIeqRpVGxUcV2qvXg7uEvgzLGSkfpNEHfWp3mP8idJsqg3JR6J1QysX2U0COSrE8UQnJ3c9WkNmiHgjYlBx8rXWEam3K3lqRxOxGnpEekrY3U8vccqndx6YVG6yWzs_802f67KJuK7ICAVnTzfrEhfhVVctpoKbZGX7adf_60PfH5DgGJQswjxbmeh5GciUM2MayhiZWmcOsBgBtGqnFLIdIWo3Z_dNGZLevC5sjyd1_9eTrasUDAGPl8ijBzIbMLOXTrgUFzAaSLnoFs.pUijQbanam8D4xuX73N81APWCGMX7Ozmg5s2682.dMZipSg_n1B25ggsUFamgSz2mv8KMHQp7kajQipw15Z_VFEB5k0HD9t9eae3Yh7SKz0VL1O58bxefY.biEe6cNpq9axVhIj2lWoOKeJUT_sL9.L_oHuiKwm199uhWXIoQ.lAx.EOeUgMVBqlbCTfGvADkS8T8iDhrue1xDao5bY3.y1MxmAOBIZ0D3.m3NEWzyzccbSvcwamOs1k0udZAdU9MuUI81S_606oWsmVfTEOFOEROfvTKx9ZpgwiecvfAuPGQQclBTMrqfEu",mdrd: "QZslTpoJDChouj2Vt_y_9QgSQiq71t28TZKCbZ7FnUQ-1740488093-1.2.1.1-fGFBmz7qYRglrMbOzkRs95jCG_jm6IuK4iAaxEDJRaFtKs2w5M.zzKTqVdrnch8xRWFbVPJo3ocm8VlobQUthIWt7ADT5F1Zyz1pX6pvWdiiiYpzB7n7Q55fkE5OHh4wPkIjNhFhNQyiBHeUaqac7KMN3kvkOraf_kbB101ut5bXyswZezgJNgwFbnAcus4T0kUqDHJC2TW8oJedw9Dj0GBQUsN1EgMmSfwXic7Hy.28oJ5y5dYe_auTWmmq92NScGp97f_8gtiPv9JlwPjZkTPszDe_mDk7H4vbHRipje97Ttn8F0H3ECluQLR8AN5k1h.1SgubSWUnsT72Fu8taPypzkr8kHn_wFAew53C5z0a1JPkOOfzAEYfrnoxcNo9u5RqIsE9llRLLjuS7pH0FCovOjltKmwOPVDrcNFy3fpAcvXkc_rGG43bfNC3ShyKM0HcNQAnasBvZJ9ReIMGtE7sGMn0GL5UOA63sVZAehBXSbTD5qyGu1j7rc4qt0fK48vCxU_GSNtgyTxxkteoqq95Dj8Wq8HEujd.S7wDaq5_GG6Rr.7.OIgRiCXjdx59nLcSPwR._N_8iQDPo7zvO1pH8S7uvZ5fE2uVo109zj2gfCec8IfMnYQgBNmQNTSp8Q2SKYGKeZIOijeRSeBgT5z_fBbQNltegE9Db22ch8UukD9J4Au5XcsPfCf1ljGA9nyEbD8OgtJLAlOpRlbKIsUfdKjg8zXKVbsCkc3Z4K5Vx.ZmMO_OQsfqnIcu2Gfd6PUiP3Hga6vKUppzBmXy8RpPzjTvimoW3uHAEZNFD5kn5f1rQaDvdIKwmntnyWUv12MsjKk5oBsOFiVOHrEMCRQBzwJagAZXa9Wem9v9iYYhZsk_VyA41tdOrUDLDwlL9OT0fKU9glotmsrEFdD.W27fwULPsX.pVLaPtx46DoxaGe6jl6_ivWte1qowZuhD2cvt7DF3TzSQ2R.NRjlwIbNBehSAbGSsY1KpAO5BUVQjf3dGa0KqgKKhm7RESqkb5jYzrHbtYqTT_VpuQNUSd18tCwusdiBsOCwdEGVjRE3oCWdRrcXTk0Th4UeA3n6zAKTP8z.NjjhC5UILgLofCEHO5.WTPffDEXhwXnfm7VKqwVdzry1GbOlNQjUHn.Ez9oHx5RaclB1mC2.CfumQ5vjqp_y0j_7Vml9t6AYEyA8aoAvPYvOJ79zdRVxagFmpGbf4GVQQ1iX47VKwhL.VTKDzVgtjqYfZCBJ.K7FrY5WJ_MnnSrpuk75KIJtaGLEu2mM7ZJJnxbajmelnKueHf2bpOIoX20fDQ2BuwOmNzRwyjYa3Fbu8PrE21G1kFLFuLtS4LAA04LuFPvC30iLKgbHFAm.E3AIsr9ncfaIz9oqtGwYYdVoz3S1WdH4v2ACxcNI2v2QZ6dryvFrCH59rAP4Tm8iyk97iZq9Xw_U_4kIv9yd1jcC.TM9qWyj57MpHWUNbVJJqcrCJ15oqrClRCF8TCX48qWlDz7cHmxnmEayHpeJGjetJHEzwpBPYiO3KSsfH26EMJmuuxPt6LV_96nsHFmGuOuFvBXdzeffIRZWL5guotCyZIxSllIlKXIpGOr8eLSDDrw4cmD66lla2XkyaFgtZdTviKwaljN58ZcqP0JeFHIN9VTHUjIJkEbw0m9qAgftT_LJbsEMS3LwxJVY4Dm5FysVQDIzxOM5teXfHtofZuuq9uWxaP.YN7X8UDWS44i8AraxIVY8kVirZyCXPqhtkoz5L8CRdqg4DJBhMhrYWf0_YK5y2Ku94SeqrafezLdxPbuqG9uwyaR0B4jCpegq4u4AXbYOopJAYFInqIogwJ8Tt80rvGN_cs3gpn98o_G5rXNXLOOoHtYtEwFVYpj5Cmie_as8Tz8wsvSiGwKIR8TZw6SE6XCtEOJNZDrLHbierp3GEPDmku.mit0c24vuHzM5cngHAbADvpCxA.rKqPjnxpBfyIyOai7vQsyxO0vLaLgDthZSlqKbDcA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9177d8ba4f85410a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=Parvaneh%20Vafa&__cf_chl_rt_tk=xBHe264EIL.o5IwvEDXoeZDuusSTSejE_GVRfxQL_x8-1740488093-1.0.1.1-JqjJvKXlkkbwyL2.cpzakEL8PJPdEQA50R6hUqeS4fQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>