Kansas Memory

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function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-NVWXGPN650'); </script> </head> <body> <h1 class="km">Kansas Memory<img src="/graphics/km_logo_print.png" alt="Kansas Memory" /></h1> <h1 class="khs">Kansas Historical Society<img src="/graphics/kshs_non_logo81px.png" alt="Kansas Historical Society" /></h1> <div id="container"> <div id="left_panel"> <div id="facet"> <div id="facet_box_1"> <div id="header_1" class="header header_1"> <div class="control"> <a id="toggle_1" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="toggle_facet_visibility('1');Element.toggle('facets_1');" style="text-decoration:none;">-</a> </div> <a href="/category/1">Agriculture</a> </div> <div class="facet_box_1" id="facets_1" > <span id="show_1"> <a href="/category/80" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_80">Agricultural methods and practices</a><br /> <a href="/category/13" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_13">Crops</a><br /> <a href="/category/3" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_3">Education</a><br /> <a href="/category/33" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_33">Environment</a><br /> <a href="/category/3912" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_3912">Family farming</a><br /> </span> <span id="more_button_1"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Element.hide('more_button_1');Element.show('more_1');" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">7 more categories</a> <br /> </span> <span id="more_1" style="display: none;"> <a href="/category/46" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Farm organizations</a><br /> <a href="/category/52" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Government farm programs</a><br /> <a href="/category/62" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Implements and machinery</a><br /> <a href="/category/97" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Labor</a><br /> <a href="/category/115" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Livestock</a><br /> <a href="/category/3848" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Ranching</a><br /> <a href="/category/107" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Structures</a><br /> </span> </div> <div id="close_facet_box_1" class="facet_box_1_foot"></div> </div> <div id="facet_box_1296"> <div id="header_1296" class="header header_1296"> <div class="control"> <a id="toggle_1296" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="toggle_facet_visibility('1296');Element.toggle('facets_1296');" style="text-decoration:none;">-</a> </div> <a href="/category/1296">Built Environment</a> </div> <div class="facet_box_1296" id="facets_1296" > <span id="show_1296"> <a href="/category/1460" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_1460">Architectural Style</a><br /> <a href="/category/2797" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_2797">Areas of Significance</a><br /> <a href="/category/1465" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_1465">Building name</a><br /> <a href="/category/1461" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_1461">Function</a><br /> <a href="/category/13333" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_13333">Kansas Historical Markers</a><br /> </span> <span id="more_button_1296"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Element.hide('more_button_1296');Element.show('more_1296');" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">3 more categories</a> <br /> </span> <span id="more_1296" style="display: none;"> <a href="/category/2838" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Materials</a><br /> <a href="/category/4664" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">National Register of Historic Places</a><br /> <a href="/category/4665" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Register of Historic Kansas Places</a><br /> </span> </div> <div id="close_facet_box_1296" class="facet_box_1296_foot"></div> </div> <div id="facet_box_137"> <div id="header_137" class="header header_137"> <div class="control"> <a id="toggle_137" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="toggle_facet_visibility('137');Element.toggle('facets_137');" style="text-decoration:none;">-</a> </div> <a href="/category/137">Business and Industry</a> </div> <div class="facet_box_137" id="facets_137" > <span id="show_137"> <a href="/category/138" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_138">Agricultural Industries</a><br /> <a href="/category/249" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_249">Automotive</a><br /> <a href="/category/258" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_258">Aviation</a><br /> <a href="/category/151" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_151">Banking</a><br /> <a href="/category/265" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_265">Chemical, petroleum, and gas</a><br /> </span> <span id="more_button_137"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Element.hide('more_button_137');Element.show('more_137');" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">13 more categories</a> <br /> </span> <span id="more_137" style="display: none;"> <a href="/category/271" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Construction</a><br /> <a href="/category/155" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Health care</a><br /> <a href="/category/162" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Labor</a><br /> <a href="/category/168" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Lodging</a><br /> <a href="/category/276" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Manufacturing</a><br /> <a href="/category/174" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Media/Communications</a><br /> <a href="/category/279" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Mining and quarrying</a><br /> <a href="/category/183" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Occupations/Professions</a><br /> <a href="/category/264" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Railroad</a><br /> <a href="/category/209" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Retail</a><br /> <a href="/category/230" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Services</a><br /> <a href="/category/245" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Technology</a><br /> <a href="/category/3935" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Trucking and freighting</a><br /> </span> </div> <div id="close_facet_box_137" class="facet_box_137_foot"></div> </div> <div id="facet_box_1309"> <div id="header_1309" class="header header_1309"> <div class="control"> <a id="toggle_1309" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="toggle_facet_visibility('1309');Element.toggle('facets_1309');" style="text-decoration:none;">-</a> </div> <a href="/category/1309">Collections</a> </div> <div class="facet_box_1309" id="facets_1309" > <span id="show_1309"> <a href="/category/13016" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_13016">360-degree views</a><br /> <a href="/category/4896" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_4896">Archeology</a><br /> <a href="/category/5551" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_5551">Audio-visual</a><br /> <a href="/category/11928" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_11928">Contributing Institutions</a><br /> <a href="/category/9721" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_9721">Drawing (Technical)</a><br /> </span> <span id="more_button_1309"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Element.hide('more_button_1309');Element.show('more_1309');" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">11 more categories</a> <br /> </span> <span id="more_1309" style="display: none;"> <a href="/category/12871" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Education</a><br /> <a href="/category/4897" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Historic Preservation</a><br /> <a href="/category/13479" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Kansas State Historical Records Advisory Board (KSHRAB)</a><br /> <a href="/category/4892" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Library</a><br /> <a href="/category/4905" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Manuscript</a><br /> <a href="/category/5184" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Map</a><br /> <a href="/category/4893" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Museum</a><br /> <a href="/category/11748" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Newspaper</a><br /> <a href="/category/6537" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Oral History</a><br /> <a href="/category/4904" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Photograph</a><br /> <a href="/category/4894" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">State Archives</a><br /> </span> </div> <div id="close_facet_box_1309" class="facet_box_1309_foot"></div> </div> <div id="facet_box_385"> <div id="header_385" class="header header_385"> <div class="control"> <a id="toggle_385" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="toggle_facet_visibility('385');Element.toggle('facets_385');" style="text-decoration:none;">-</a> </div> <a href="/category/385">Community Life</a> </div> <div class="facet_box_385" id="facets_385" > <span id="show_385"> <a href="/category/471" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_471">Arts and Entertainment</a><br /> <a href="/category/416" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_416">Clubs and organizations</a><br /> <a href="/category/386" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_386">Community services</a><br /> <a href="/category/3932" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_3932">Disasters and accidents</a><br /> <a href="/category/486" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_486">Events and Celebrations</a><br /> </span> <span id="more_button_385"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Element.hide('more_button_385');Element.show('more_385');" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">5 more categories</a> <br /> </span> <span id="more_385" style="display: none;"> <a href="/category/567" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Recreation and Sports</a><br /> <a href="/category/441" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Religion</a><br /> <a href="/category/438" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Scenes and views</a><br /> <a href="/category/11536" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Style and fashion</a><br /> <a href="/category/618" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Town development</a><br /> </span> </div> <div id="close_facet_box_385" class="facet_box_385_foot"></div> </div> <div id="facet_box_1290"> <div id="header_1290" class="header header_1290"> <div class="control"> <a id="toggle_1290" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="toggle_facet_visibility('1290');Element.toggle('facets_1290');" style="text-decoration:none;">-</a> </div> <a href="/category/1290">Date</a> </div> <div class="facet_box_1290" id="facets_1290" > <span id="show_1290"> <a href="/category/12403" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_12403">1500-1599</a><br /> <a href="/category/12402" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_12402">1600-1699</a><br /> <a href="/category/12401" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_12401">1700-1799</a><br /> <a href="/category/4058" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_4058">1800-1819</a><br /> <a href="/category/14078" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_14078">1820s</a><br /> </span> <span id="more_button_1290"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Element.hide('more_button_1290');Element.show('more_1290');" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">21 more categories</a> <br /> </span> <span id="more_1290" style="display: none;"> <a href="/category/12628" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1830s</a><br /> <a href="/category/11084" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1840s</a><br /> <a href="/category/12975" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1850s</a><br /> <a href="/category/4059" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1854-1860</a><br /> <a href="/category/4060" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1861-1869</a><br /> <a href="/category/4061" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1870s</a><br /> <a href="/category/4062" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1880s</a><br /> <a href="/category/4063" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1890s</a><br /> <a href="/category/4064" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1900s</a><br /> <a href="/category/4065" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1910s</a><br /> <a href="/category/4066" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1920s</a><br /> <a href="/category/4067" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1930s</a><br /> <a href="/category/4068" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1940s</a><br /> <a href="/category/4069" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1950s</a><br /> <a href="/category/4070" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1960s</a><br /> <a href="/category/4071" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1970s</a><br /> <a href="/category/4072" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1980s</a><br /> <a href="/category/4073" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">1990s</a><br /> <a href="/category/4074" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">2000s</a><br /> <a href="/category/11164" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">2010s</a><br /> <a href="/category/14179" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">2020s</a><br /> </span> </div> <div id="close_facet_box_1290" class="facet_box_1290_foot"></div> </div> <div id="facet_box_622"> <div id="header_622" class="header header_622"> <div class="control"> <a id="toggle_622" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="toggle_facet_visibility('622');Element.toggle('facets_622');" style="text-decoration:none;">-</a> </div> <a href="/category/622">Education</a> </div> <div class="facet_box_622" id="facets_622" > <span id="show_622"> <a href="/category/5827" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_5827">Adult</a><br /> <a href="/category/674" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_674">Consolidation</a><br /> <a href="/category/11442" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_11442">Health</a><br /> <a href="/category/655" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_655">Higher education</a><br /> <a href="/category/9622" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_9622">Native Americans</a><br /> </span> <span id="more_button_622"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Element.hide('more_button_622');Element.show('more_622');" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">6 more categories</a> <br /> </span> <span id="more_622" style="display: none;"> <a href="/category/623" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Preschool or Early Childhood</a><br /> <a href="/category/624" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Primary</a><br /> <a href="/category/672" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Private</a><br /> <a href="/category/673" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Rural</a><br /> <a href="/category/639" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Secondary</a><br /> <a href="/category/670" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Segregation and desegregation</a><br /> </span> </div> <div id="close_facet_box_622" class="facet_box_622_foot"></div> </div> <div id="facet_box_675"> <div id="header_675" class="header header_675"> <div class="control"> <a id="toggle_675" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="toggle_facet_visibility('675');Element.toggle('facets_675');" style="text-decoration:none;">-</a> </div> <a href="/category/675">Environment</a> </div> <div class="facet_box_675" id="facets_675" > <span id="show_675"> <a href="/category/681" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_681">Geology</a><br /> <a href="/category/710" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_710">Landscape</a><br /> <a href="/category/4572" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_4572">Natural resources</a><br /> <a href="/category/705" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_705">Plants</a><br /> <a href="/category/6829" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_6829">Sky</a><br /> </span> <span id="more_button_675"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Element.hide('more_button_675');Element.show('more_675');" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">4 more categories</a> <br /> </span> <span id="more_675" style="display: none;"> <a href="/category/6943" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Space</a><br /> <a href="/category/676" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Water</a><br /> <a href="/category/687" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Weather</a><br /> <a href="/category/698" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Wildlife</a><br /> </span> </div> <div id="close_facet_box_675" class="facet_box_675_foot"></div> </div> <div id="facet_box_711"> <div id="header_711" class="header header_711"> <div class="control"> <a id="toggle_711" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="toggle_facet_visibility('711');Element.toggle('facets_711');" style="text-decoration:none;">-</a> </div> <a href="/category/711">Government and Politics</a> </div> <div class="facet_box_711" id="facets_711" > <span id="show_711"> <a href="/category/853" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_853">Crime and Punishment</a><br /> <a href="/category/868" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_868">Elections</a><br /> <a href="/category/829" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_829">Federal Government</a><br /> <a href="/category/793" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_793">Local Government</a><br /> <a href="/category/840" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_840">Political Parties</a><br /> </span> <span id="more_button_711"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Element.hide('more_button_711');Element.show('more_711');" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">3 more categories</a> <br /> </span> <span id="more_711" style="display: none;"> <a href="/category/869" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Reform and Protest</a><br /> <a href="/category/712" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">State Government</a><br /> <a href="/category/848" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Territorial Government</a><br /> </span> </div> <div id="close_facet_box_711" class="facet_box_711_foot"></div> </div> <div id="facet_box_890"> <div id="header_890" class="header header_890"> <div class="control"> <a id="toggle_890" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="toggle_facet_visibility('890');Element.toggle('facets_890');" style="text-decoration:none;">-</a> </div> <a href="/category/890">Home and Family</a> </div> <div class="facet_box_890" id="facets_890" > <span id="show_890"> <a href="/category/1047" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_1047">Activities</a><br /> <a href="/category/1060" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_1060">Children</a><br /> <a href="/category/1025" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_1025">Clothing</a><br /> <a href="/category/1066" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_1066">Courtship and marriage</a><br /> <a href="/category/891" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_891">Daily life</a><br /> </span> <span id="more_button_890"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Element.hide('more_button_890');Element.show('more_890');" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">4 more categories</a> <br /> </span> <span id="more_890" style="display: none;"> <a href="/category/1071" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Death and funerals</a><br /> <a href="/category/1054" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Families</a><br /> <a href="/category/1072" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Family parties and reunions</a><br /> <a href="/category/950" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;">Residences</a><br /> </span> </div> <div id="close_facet_box_890" class="facet_box_890_foot"></div> </div> <div id="facet_box_1086"> <div id="header_1086" class="header header_1086"> <div class="control"> <a id="toggle_1086" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="toggle_facet_visibility('1086');Element.toggle('facets_1086');" style="text-decoration:none;">-</a> </div> <a href="/category/1086">Military</a> </div> <div class="facet_box_1086" id="facets_1086" > <span id="show_1086"> <a href="/category/1087" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_1087">Equipment</a><br /> <a href="/category/1104" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_1104">Facilities</a><br /> <a href="/category/1122" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_1122">Service</a><br /> <a href="/category/1142" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_1142">Veterans</a><br /> <a href="/category/1153" style="color: #000; font-size: 0.8em;" id="link_1153">Wars</a><br /> <a href="/category/1168" style="color: #000; 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John Carlin</a><br /><a href='/user/KSHSK12EducationResource/bookbag'>KSHS K-12 Education Resources</a></p></div> <div class='block_bottom'></div> </div> <div id='block_special_exhibits' class='block'> <div id="block_header_special_exhibits" class="block_header"> <div class="block_control"> <a id="toggle_special_exhibits_link" href="javascript:void(0);" title="Show/Hide" onclick="toggleBlock('special_exhibits');" style="text-decoration:none;"><span id="toggle_special_exhibits">-</span></a> </div> <h3>special exhibits</h3> </div> <div id="special_exhibits"> <p><a href='/exhibit/notable/about'>Notable Kansans</a><br /><a href='/exhibit/hawkins'>Omar Hawkins Photographs</a><br /></p></div> <div class='block_bottom'></div> </div> <div id='block_newest_items' class='block'> <div id="block_header_newest_items" class="block_header"> <div class="block_control"> <a id="toggle_newest_items_link" href="javascript:void(0);" title="Show/Hide" onclick="toggleBlock('newest_items');" style="text-decoration:none;"><span id="toggle_newest_items">-</span></a> </div> <h3>Recently Added</h3> </div> <div id="newest_items"> <p><a href="/item/512611" title="Portrait of Charles Curtis as a young man"><img src="https://img.kansasmemory.org/thumb170/00959378.jpg" alt="Portrait of Charles Curtis as a young man" /></a><br /><a href="/item/512611" title="Portrait of Charles Curtis as a young man">Portrait of Charles ...</a><br /><a href="/item/512612" title="Portrait of Charles Curtis in Topeka, Kansas">Portrait of Charles ...</a><br /><a href="/item/512614" title="Charles Curtis as a youth in "Hiawatha" tableaux">Charles Curtis as a ...</a><br /><a href="/item/512615" title="Charles Curtis on Philippine Islands trip">Charles Curtis on Ph...</a><br /><a href="/item/512616" title="Charles Curtis with group at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania">Charles Curtis with ...</a><br /><a href="/item/512619" title="Charles Curtis with President and Mrs. Calvin Coolidge">Charles Curtis with ...</a><br /><a href="/item/512621" title="Charles Curtis with Arthur Capper at the Curtis home">Charles Curtis with ...</a><br /><a href="/item/512624" title="Charles Curtis and a group riding in an Observation Automobile">Charles Curtis and a...</a><br /><a href="/item/512640" title="Charles Curtis listening to radio">Charles Curtis liste...</a><br /><a href="/item/512642" title="Charles Curtis listening to radio">Charles Curtis liste...</a><br /></p></div> <div class='block_bottom'></div> </div> <div id='block_latest_podcast' class='block'> <div id="block_header_latest_podcast" class="block_header"> <div class="block_control"> <a id="toggle_latest_podcast_link" href="javascript:void(0);" title="Show/Hide" onclick="toggleBlock('latest_podcast');" style="text-decoration:none;"><span id="toggle_latest_podcast">-</span></a> </div> <h3>Podcast Archive</h3> </div> <div id="latest_podcast"> <p>Governor Mike Hayden Interview<br /><a href='http://www.kshs.org/p/kansas-memory-podcast/10092'>Details</a><br /><a href='http://www.kshs.org/audiotours/kansasmemory/mp3/070_hayden_mike_interview.mp3'>Listen Now</a><br /><a href='http://phobos.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?id=212155366'><img src="/graphics/itunes.png" alt="Subscribe - iTunes" style="height: 18px; 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