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<li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolutionary_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolutionary_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Revolutionary Army</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolutionary_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defence_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defence_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Revolutionary Air and Air Defence Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defence_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolutionary_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolutionary_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Revolutionary Navy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolutionary_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_and_Naval_air_bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_and_Naval_air_bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Air and Naval air bases</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Air_and_Naval_air_bases-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Air and Naval air bases subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Air_and_Naval_air_bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Active_bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Active_bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Active bases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Active_bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inactive_bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inactive_bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Inactive bases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inactive_bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_Forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Special Forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paramilitary_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paramilitary_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Paramilitary forces</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Paramilitary_forces-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Paramilitary forces subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Paramilitary_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Territorial_Troops_Militia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_Troops_Militia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Territorial Troops Militia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorial_Troops_Militia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Youth_Labor_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Youth_Labor_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Youth Labor Army</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Youth_Labor_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Border_Troops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Border_Troops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Border Troops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Border_Troops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Military schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="القوات المسلحة الثورية الكوبية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القوات المسلحة الثورية الكوبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuercies_Armaes_Revolucionaries_de_Cuba" title="Fuercies Armaes Revolucionaries de Cuba – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fuercies Armaes Revolucionaries de Cuba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Въоръжени сили на Куба – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Въоръжени сили на Куба" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forces_Armades_Revolucion%C3%A0ries_de_Cuba" title="Forces Armades Revolucionàries de Cuba – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Forces Armades Revolucionàries de Cuba" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerzas_Armadas_Revolucionarias" title="Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerzas_Armadas_Revolucionarias_de_Cuba" title="Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Cuba – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Cuba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="نیروهای مسلح انقلاب کوبا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروهای مسلح انقلاب کوبا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forces_arm%C3%A9es_cubaines" title="Forces armées cubaines – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Forces armées cubaines" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forzas_Armadas_Revolucionarias_de_Cuba" title="Forzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Cuba – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Forzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Cuba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%B0%94_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85%EA%B5%B0" title="쿠바 혁명군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쿠바 혁명군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Revolusioner_Kuba" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Revolusioner Kuba – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angkatan Bersenjata Revolusioner Kuba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerzas_Armadas_Revolucionarias_de_Cuba" title="Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Cuba – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Cuba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%97%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94" title="הכוחות המזוינים המהפכניים של קובה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הכוחות המזוינים המהפכניים של קובה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubos_ginkluotosios_paj%C4%97gos" title="Kubos ginkluotosios pajėgos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kubos ginkluotosios pajėgos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba_hadereje" title="Kuba hadereje – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kuba hadereje" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E8%BB%8D" title="キューバ革命軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キューバ革命軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%A7as_Armadas_de_Cuba" title="Forças Armadas de Cuba – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Forças Armadas de Cuba" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B_(%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0)" title="Революционные вооружённые силы (Куба) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Революционные вооружённые силы (Куба)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forcat_e_Armatosura_t%C3%AB_Kub%C3%ABs" title="Forcat e Armatosura të Kubës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Forcat e Armatosura të Kubës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerzas_Armadas_Revolucionarias_de_Cuba" title="Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Cuba – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Cuba" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5_(%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0)" title="Револуционарне оружане снаге (Куба) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Револуционарне оружане снаге (Куба)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubanske_revolucionarne_oru%C5%BEane_snage" title="Kubanske revolucionarne oružane snage – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kubanske revolucionarne oružane snage" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2" title="กองทัพคิวบา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กองทัพคิวบา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCba_Devrimci_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Küba Devrimci Silahlı Kuvvetleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Küba Devrimci Silahlı Kuvvetleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_(%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0)" title="Революційні збройні сили (Куба) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Революційні збройні сили (Куба)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%B1c_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_V%C5%A9_trang_C%C3%A1ch_m%E1%BA%A1ng_Cuba" title="Lực lượng Vũ trang Cách mạng Cuba – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lực lượng Vũ trang Cách mạng Cuba" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Revolutionary Armed Forces</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FAR_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/FAR_emblem.svg/200px-FAR_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/FAR_emblem.svg/300px-FAR_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/FAR_emblem.svg/400px-FAR_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="602" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Emblem of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1868<span class="noprint">; 157 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1868</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current form</th><td class="infobox-data">1960<span class="noprint">; 65 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1960</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">Service branches</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Army" title="Cuban Revolutionary Army">Revolutionary Army</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defense_Force" title="Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force">Revolutionary Air and Air Defence Force</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Navy" title="Cuban Revolutionary Navy">Revolutionary Navy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Troops_Militia" title="Territorial Troops Militia">Territorial Troops Militia</a></li><li>Youth Labor Army</li><li>Defence and Production Brigades</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Headquarters#Military" title="Headquarters">Headquarters</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, Cuba</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_leadership" title="Category:Military leadership">Leadership</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Cuba" title="First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba">First Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_D%C3%ADaz-Canel" title="Miguel Díaz-Canel">Miguel Díaz-Canel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_President_of_Cuba.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_the_President_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_the_President_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_the_President_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="889" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cuba" title="President of Cuba">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_D%C3%ADaz-Canel" title="Miguel Díaz-Canel">Miguel Díaz-Canel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_(Cuba)" title="Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces (Cuba)">Minister of the FAR</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FAR_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/FAR_emblem.svg/25px-FAR_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/FAR_emblem.svg/38px-FAR_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/FAR_emblem.svg/50px-FAR_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="602" /></a></span> Corps Gen. <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_L%C3%B3pez_Miera" title="Álvaro López Miera">Álvaro López Miera</a><sup id="cite_ref-newminister2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newminister2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chief of the General Staff</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FAR_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/FAR_emblem.svg/25px-FAR_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/FAR_emblem.svg/38px-FAR_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/FAR_emblem.svg/50px-FAR_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="602" /></a></span> Corps Gen. Álvaro López Miera</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Personnel</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Military age</th><td class="infobox-data">17-28 years of age for compulsory military service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Cuba" title="Conscription in Cuba">2-year service obligation for both genders</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Available for<br />military service</th><td class="infobox-data">3,134,622 males, age 15–49, <br />3,022,063 females, age 15–49</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fit for<br />military service</th><td class="infobox-data">1,929,370 males, age 15–49, <br />1,888,498 females, age 15–49</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Active personnel</th><td class="infobox-data">50,000 (2022 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-IISS2015_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IISS2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_reserve" title="Military reserve">Reserve personnel</a></th><td class="infobox-data">40,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Expenditure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Percent of GDP</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4.2% (2020 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Military_acquisition" title="Military acquisition">Industry</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domestic suppliers</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Union_de_Industrias_Militares" title="Union de Industrias Militares">Union de Industrias Militares</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Foreign suppliers</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Related articles</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Escambray_rebellion" title="Escambray rebellion">Escambray rebellion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Guinea-Bissau War of Independence</a><br /><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_War_of_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemenite War of 1972">Yemenite War of 1972</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">United States invasion of Grenada</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Soviet-Afghan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet-Afghan War">Soviet-Afghan War</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ranks_of_the_Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranks of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces">Military ranks of Cuba</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:90px"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Military of Cuba</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#efefef"> Branches</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em 0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Army" title="Cuban Revolutionary Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defense_Force" title="Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Navy" title="Cuban Revolutionary Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Troops_Militia" title="Territorial Troops Militia">Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Counterintelligence_Directorate" title="Military Counterintelligence Directorate">Military intelligence</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#efefef"> Related articles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em 0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_of_the_Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranks of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces">Military ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Cuba" title="Military history of Cuba">Military history</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuban_military" title="Template:Cuban military"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Cuban_military&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Cuban military (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuban_military" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuban military"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias</i>; <b>FAR</b>) are the <a href="/wiki/Military_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Military forces">military forces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>. They include <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Army" title="Cuban Revolutionary Army">Revolutionary Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Navy" title="Cuban Revolutionary Navy">Revolutionary Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defense_Force" title="Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force">Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> bodies including the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Troops_Militia" title="Territorial Troops Militia">Territorial Troops Militia</a> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Milicias de Tropas Territoriales</i></span> – MTT), Youth Labor Army (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Ejército Juvenil del Trabajo</i></span> – EJT), and the Defense and Production Brigades (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Brigadas de Producción y Defensa</i></span> – BPD), plus the Civil Defense Organization (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Defensa Civil de Cuba</i></span> – DCC) and the National Reserves Institution (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Instituto Nacional de las Reservas Estatales</i></span> – INRE). All these groups are subordinated to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_(Cuba)" title="Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces (Cuba)">Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces</a> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Ministro de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias</i></span> – MINFAR). </p><p>The armed forces have long been the most powerful institution in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The military manages many enterprises in key economic sectors representing about 4% of the Cuban economy.<sup id="cite_ref-leogrande_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leogrande-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-suchlicki_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suchlicki-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cancubachange_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cancubachange-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The military has also served as former <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Cuba" title="Communist Party of Cuba">Cuban Communist Party</a> <a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Cuba" title="First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba">First Secretary</a>, as well as former <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Cuba" title="List of heads of state of Cuba">President of Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Castro" title="Raúl Castro">Raúl Castro</a>'s base.<sup id="cite_ref-cancubachange_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cancubachange-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In numerous speeches, Raúl Castro emphasized the military's role as a "people's partner".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuban_National_Army" title="Cuban National Army">Cuban National Army</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soldati_cubani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Soldati_cubani.jpg/220px-Soldati_cubani.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Soldati_cubani.jpg/330px-Soldati_cubani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Soldati_cubani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers of the FAR</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cuban_National_Army" title="Cuban National Army">Cuban Army</a> in its original form was first established in 1868 by Cuban revolutionaries during the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Years%27_War" title="Ten Years' War">Ten Years' War</a>. It joined the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies in the World War I</a> in April 1917 and supplied sugar to several countries, mainly the United States of America. Was involved in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Caribbean" title="Battle of the Caribbean">Battle of the Caribbean</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> when it was part of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> supported by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> had overthrown <a href="/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista" title="Fulgencio Batista">Fulgencio Batista</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cuba_(1902%E2%80%931959)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)">government</a>, the <a href="/wiki/26th_of_July_Movement" title="26th of July Movement">Cuban Rebel Army</a> under <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a>'s leadership was reorganized into the current armed forces of Cuba. </p><p>During the Cold War, the Soviet Union granted both military and financial aid to Cuba. From 1966 until the late 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Government">Soviet Government</a> military assistance enabled Cuba to upgrade its military capabilities to number one in Latin America and project power abroad. The first Cuban military mission in Africa was established in Ghana in 1961. Cuba's military forces appeared in Algeria, in 1963, when a military medical brigade came to support the government.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1966 and 1967 little forces of Cuba landed in Venezuelan coast to support leftist guerilla of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_National_Liberation_(Venezuela)" title="Armed Forces of National Liberation (Venezuela)">FALN</a>. Since the 1960s, Cuba sent military forces to African and Arab countries – Syria in 1973, <a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ethiopia in 1978</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuban_intervention_in_Angola" title="Cuban intervention in Angola">Angola from 1975 to 1989</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> and reportedly <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> during the 1980s. The tonnage of Soviet military deliveries to Cuba throughout most of the 1980s exceeded deliveries in any year since the military build-up during the 1962 <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a>. According to an <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Army" title="Afghan Army">Afghan Army</a> defector and the <a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">Mujahideen</a>, Cuban forces were present in 1981 during the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a> and were described as "big and black and shout very loudly when they fight. Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a>, they were not afraid to attack us in the open."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1989, the government instituted a clean-up of the armed forces and the Ministry of Interior, convicting army Major General and <a href="/wiki/Hero_of_the_Republic_of_Cuba" title="Hero of the Republic of Cuba">Hero of the Republic of Cuba</a> <a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Ochoa" title="Arnaldo Ochoa">Arnaldo Ochoa</a>, Ministry of Interior Colonel Antonio de la Guardia (Tony la Guardia), and Ministry of Interior Brigadier General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricio_de_la_Guardia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patricio de la Guardia (page does not exist)">Patricio de la Guardia</a> on charges of <a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">corruption</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drug_trafficking" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug trafficking">drug trafficking</a>. This judgment is known in Cuba as "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Causa_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Causa 1 (page does not exist)">Causa 1</a>" (Cause 1). Ochoa and Antonio de la Guardia were executed. Following the executions, the Army was drastically downsized, the Ministry of Interior was moved under the informal control of Revolutionary Armed Forces chief General <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Castro" title="Raúl Castro">Raúl Castro</a> (Fidel Castro's brother), and large numbers of army officers were moved into the Ministry of Interior. </p><p>The U.S. <a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency" title="Defense Intelligence Agency">Defense Intelligence Agency</a> reported in 1998 that the country's paramilitary organizations, the Territorial Militia Troops, the Youth Labor Army, and the Naval Militia had suffered considerable morale and training degradation over the previous seven years but still retained the potential to "make an enemy invasion costly."<sup id="cite_ref-Bender_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bender-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cuba also adopted a "war of the people" strategy that highlights the defensive nature of its capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cuban military power was sharply reduced by the loss of Soviet subsidies following the end of the Cold War, and today the Revolutionary Armed Forces number 39,000 regular troops.<sup id="cite_ref-IISS2015_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IISS2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2021, longtime Chief of Staff Álvaro López Miera took over as the Minister of the Revolutionary Armed Forces.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership">Leadership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_(Cuba)#Ministers" title="Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces (Cuba)">Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces (Cuba) § Ministers</a></div> <dl><dt>First Deputy Minister, Chief of General Staff</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2">Portrait </th> <th rowspan="2">Name<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(birth–death)</span> </th> <th colspan="3">Term of office </th> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Refences">Ref.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Time in office </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Major general<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Sen%C3%A9n_Casas_Regueiro" title="Senén Casas Regueiro">Senén Casas Regueiro</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1934–1996)</span> </td> <td>19 April 1972 </td> <td>April 1982 </td> <td>9 years, 11 months </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UlisesRosalesdelToro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/UlisesRosalesdelToro.jpg/80px-UlisesRosalesdelToro.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/UlisesRosalesdelToro.jpg/120px-UlisesRosalesdelToro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/UlisesRosalesdelToro.jpg/160px-UlisesRosalesdelToro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> </td> <td>Major general<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Ulises_Rosales_del_Toro" title="Ulises Rosales del Toro">Ulises Rosales del Toro</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1942)</span> </td> <td>April 1982 </td> <td>11 October 1997 </td> <td>15 years, 6 months </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuban_defence_minister_in_Moscow_04_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Cuban_defence_minister_in_Moscow_04_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Cuban_defence_minister_in_Moscow_04_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Cuban_defence_minister_in_Moscow_04_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Cuban_defence_minister_in_Moscow_04_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Cuban_defence_minister_in_Moscow_04_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Cuban_defence_minister_in_Moscow_04_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="354" /></a></span> </td> <td>Corps general<br /><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_L%C3%B3pez_Miera" title="Álvaro López Miera">Álvaro López Miera</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1943)</span> </td> <td>11 October 1997 </td> <td>15 April 2021 </td> <td>23 years, 6 months </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#e6e6aa;"> <td>– </td> <td> </td> <td>Major general<br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Legr%C3%A1_Sotolongo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roberto Legrá Sotolongo (page does not exist)">Roberto Legrá Sotolongo</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1955)<br /><i>Acting</i></span> </td> <td>19 April 2021 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003141300000000000♠"></span>3 years, 317 days </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revolutionary_Army">Revolutionary Army</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Revolutionary Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santiago_de_Cuba_-_Garde_au_Mausol%C3%A9e_Jos%C3%A9_Marti.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Santiago_de_Cuba_-_Garde_au_Mausol%C3%A9e_Jos%C3%A9_Marti.JPG/220px-Santiago_de_Cuba_-_Garde_au_Mausol%C3%A9e_Jos%C3%A9_Marti.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Santiago_de_Cuba_-_Garde_au_Mausol%C3%A9e_Jos%C3%A9_Marti.JPG/330px-Santiago_de_Cuba_-_Garde_au_Mausol%C3%A9e_Jos%C3%A9_Marti.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Santiago_de_Cuba_-_Garde_au_Mausol%C3%A9e_Jos%C3%A9_Marti.JPG/440px-Santiago_de_Cuba_-_Garde_au_Mausol%C3%A9e_Jos%C3%A9_Marti.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Guards at the Mausoleum of <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD" title="José Martí">José Martí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuban_Soldiers_of_Fuerzas_Armadas_Revolucionarias.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cuban_Soldiers_of_Fuerzas_Armadas_Revolucionarias.jpg/220px-Cuban_Soldiers_of_Fuerzas_Armadas_Revolucionarias.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cuban_Soldiers_of_Fuerzas_Armadas_Revolucionarias.jpg/330px-Cuban_Soldiers_of_Fuerzas_Armadas_Revolucionarias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cuban_Soldiers_of_Fuerzas_Armadas_Revolucionarias.jpg/440px-Cuban_Soldiers_of_Fuerzas_Armadas_Revolucionarias.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2874" data-file-height="2151" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers of Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias on a motorbike</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> wrote in May 1979 that when "the economy took a downturn in 1970, the Castro regime, partly at Soviet urging, reduced its forces by some 60 per cent, eventually freeing more than 150,000 people for full-time civilian employment. All branches of the armed services except the Air Force were affected noticeably. The Air Defence Force shrank from six brigades and 24 occupied SA-2 <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missile</a> sites to three brigades and 18 sites, leaving eastern Cuba unprotected by surface-to-air missiles. The Navy lost a number of radar surveillance posts, again to the detriment of eastern Cuba. The Army was more than halved in size and reorganised."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (PA79-10173D) </p><p>In 1984, according to <i>Jane's Military Review</i>, there were three major geographical commands, Western, Central, and Eastern.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were a reported 130,000 all ranks, and each command was garrisoned by an army comprising a single armored division, a mechanized division, and a corps of three infantry divisions, though the Eastern Command had two corps totaling six divisions. There was also an independent military region, with a single infantry division, which garrisoned the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Youth" class="mw-redirect" title="Isle of Youth">Isle of Youth</a>. </p><p>A U.S. <a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency" title="Defense Intelligence Agency">Defense Intelligence Agency</a> assessment in the first half of 1998 said that the army's armor and artillery units were at low readiness levels due to 'severely reduced' training, generally incapable of mounting effective operations above the battalion level, and that equipment was mostly in storage and unavailable at short notice.<sup id="cite_ref-Bender_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bender-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same report said that Cuban special operations forces continue to train but on a smaller scale than beforehand, and that while the lack of replacement parts for its existing equipment and the current severe shortage of fuel were increasingly affecting operational capabilities, Cuba remained able to offer considerable resistance to any regional power.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_-_The_World_Factbook_-_Cuba_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_-_The_World_Factbook_-_Cuba-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defence_Force">Revolutionary Air and Air Defence Force</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Revolutionary Air and Air Defence Force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defense_Force" title="Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force">Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4034204611_0c8ff691df_o_Cuban_MIG_over_Florida.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/4034204611_0c8ff691df_o_Cuban_MIG_over_Florida.jpg/220px-4034204611_0c8ff691df_o_Cuban_MIG_over_Florida.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/4034204611_0c8ff691df_o_Cuban_MIG_over_Florida.jpg/330px-4034204611_0c8ff691df_o_Cuban_MIG_over_Florida.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/4034204611_0c8ff691df_o_Cuban_MIG_over_Florida.jpg/440px-4034204611_0c8ff691df_o_Cuban_MIG_over_Florida.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Cuban MiG-21MF from the 1970s</figcaption></figure> <p>The Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defence Force (DAAFAR) was used in the 1980s with the help of the Soviet Union to be able to project power abroad, especially in Africa. During that time Cuba sent jet fighters and transports for deployment in conflict zones such as Angola and Ethiopia. </p><p>In 1990, Cuba's Air Force was the best equipped in Latin America. In all, the modern Cuban Air Force had approximately 230 fixed-wing aircraft. Although there is no exact figure available, Western analysts estimate that at least 130 (with only 25 operational<sup id="cite_ref-cafr_airforce_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cafr_airforce-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) of these planes are still in service spread out among the thirteen military airbases on the island. </p><p>In 1996, fighters from the DAAFAR <a href="/wiki/1996_shootdown_of_Brothers_to_the_Rescue_aircraft" title="1996 shootdown of Brothers to the Rescue aircraft">shot down two Cessna aircraft</a> based in Florida which were incorrectly suspected of dropping leaflets into Cuban airspace. The air force was criticised for not giving the pilots of the aircraft options other than being shot down. One aircraft escaped.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, according to the same DIA report mentioned above, the air force had "fewer than 24 operational <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich">Mikoyan-Gurevich</a> (MiG) fighters; pilot training barely adequate to maintain proficiency; a declining number of fighter sorties, surface-to-air missiles and anti-aircraft guns to respond to attacking air forces."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2007 the <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a> assessed the force as 8,000 strong with 41 combat capable aircraft and a further 188 stored. DAAFAR is known now to have acquired another MiG-29 and a few MiG-23s, giving it 58 combat aircraft in active service. These are listed as 6 <a href="/wiki/MiG-29" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-29">MiG-29s</a>, 40 <a href="/wiki/MiG-23" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-23">MiG-23s</a>, and 12 <a href="/wiki/MiG-21" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-21">MiG-21s</a>. IISS also estimated DAAFAR had 12 operational transport aircraft, plus trainers which include 8 L-39C, and helicopters, mainly Mil Mi-8, Mil Mi-17, and Mil Mi-24 Hind. Raúl Castro ordered in 2010 that all MiG-29 pilots had to have full training, they now have from 200–250 hours of flight annually together with real dogfight training and exercises. Up to 20 MiG-23 units also have this kind of training but the other 16 MiG-23 units spend more time in simulators than real flight. MiG-21 units have limited time in these training exercises and spend more time in simulators and maintain their skills flying with <a href="/wiki/Aerogaviota" title="Aerogaviota">Aerogaviota</a>, the commercial brand of the air force. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revolutionary_Navy">Revolutionary Navy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Revolutionary Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_Damuji_n%C2%B0_390.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Rio_Damuji_n%C2%B0_390.jpg/220px-Rio_Damuji_n%C2%B0_390.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Rio_Damuji_n%C2%B0_390.jpg/330px-Rio_Damuji_n%C2%B0_390.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Rio_Damuji_n%C2%B0_390.jpg/440px-Rio_Damuji_n%C2%B0_390.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>The helicopter carrier patrol vessel <i>Rio Damuji n° 390</i> in Havana (July 2011)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1988, the Cuban Navy boasted 12,000 men, three <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a>, two modern <a href="/wiki/Guided-missile_frigate" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided-missile frigate">guided-missile frigates</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Spy_ship" title="Spy ship">intelligence vessel</a>, and a large number of <a href="/wiki/Patrol_craft" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrol craft">patrol craft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minesweeper" title="Minesweeper">minesweepers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, most of the Soviet-made vessels have been <a href="/wiki/Ship_commissioning#Ship_decommissioning" title="Ship commissioning">decommissioned</a> or sunk to make <a href="/wiki/Artificial_reef" title="Artificial reef">reefs</a>. By 2007, the Cuban Navy was assessed as being 3,000 strong (including up to 550+ <a href="/wiki/Marine_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine (military)">Navy Infantry</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">IISS</a> with six <a href="/wiki/Osa-class_missile_boat" title="Osa-class missile boat">Osa-II</a> missile boats and one <a href="/wiki/Pauk-class_corvette" title="Pauk-class corvette">Pauk-class corvette</a>. The Cuban Navy also includes a small <a href="/wiki/Marine_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine (military)">marine</a> battalion called the <i>Desembarco de Granma</i>. It once numbered 550 men, though its present size is not known. </p><p>After the old Soviet submarines were put out of service, Cuba searched for help from North Korea's experience in <a href="/wiki/Midget_submarine" title="Midget submarine">midget submarines</a>. <a href="/wiki/North_Korean_defectors" title="North Korean defectors">North Korean defectors</a> claimed to have seen Cubans in mid to late 1990s in a secret submarine base. Years later, a single picture became public of a small black native submarine in Havana harbor. It is rumored to be called 'Delfin' and is to be armed with two <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedoes</a>. Only a single boat is in service and the design appears original, even if influenced both by North Korea and Soviet designs.<sup id="cite_ref-Delfin_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delfin-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cuban Navy rebuilt one, large ex-Spanish <i>Rio Damuji</i> fishing boat. <i>BP-390</i> is now armed with two C-201W missiles, one twin 57 mm gun mount, two twin 25 mm gun mounts and on 14.5 mm machine gun. This vessel is larger than the <a href="/wiki/Koni-class_frigate" title="Koni-class frigate">Koni class</a>, and it is used as a <a href="/wiki/Helicopter_carrier" title="Helicopter carrier">helicopter carrier</a> patrol vessel. A second unit (<i>BP-391</i>) was converted and entered service in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cuban Navy today operates its own missile systems, the made-in-Cuba Bandera (a copy of the dated Styx Soviet missiles) and Remulgadas anti-ship missile systems, as well as the nationally produced Frontera self-propelled coastal defence multiple rocket launcher. The navy's principal threats are drug smuggling and illegal immigration. The country's geographical position and limited naval presence has enabled traffickers to utilise Cuban territorial waters and airspace.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cuban Navy's air wing is an <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">ASW</a> helicopter operator only and is equipped with 2 <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-14" title="Mil Mi-14">Mi-14 Haze</a> helicopters.<sup id="cite_ref-cafr_airforce_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cafr_airforce-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Air_and_Naval_air_bases">Air and Naval air bases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Air and Naval air bases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Combat_radii_of_cuban_Mig-29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Combat_radii_of_cuban_Mig-29.jpg/220px-Combat_radii_of_cuban_Mig-29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Combat_radii_of_cuban_Mig-29.jpg/330px-Combat_radii_of_cuban_Mig-29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Combat_radii_of_cuban_Mig-29.jpg/440px-Combat_radii_of_cuban_Mig-29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption>CIA map showing the estimated range of Cuban MiG-29 Fulcrum jets.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Active_bases">Active bases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Active bases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caba%C3%B1as,_Cuba" title="Cabañas, Cuba">Cabañas</a> (HQ Western Command) – <a href="/wiki/San_Juli%C3%A1n_Air_Base" title="San Julián Air Base">San Julián Air Base</a> (MUSJ) <ul><li>23rd Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-23" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23</a>ML)</li> <li>Primary Training (<a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-2" title="Antonov An-2">Antonov An-2</a>)</li> <li>1650 Combat Training (<a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21</a>UM)</li> <li>Combat Training Squadron (<a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21</a>PFMA and <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21</a>MF)</li> <li>Rwy 01/19 2041 m (6695 ft)</li> <li>Rwy 08/26 2584 m (8479 ft)</li> <li>Naval Base?</li></ul></li> <li>Alameda del Siboney <ul><li>23° 5'25"N, 82°28'45"W and 22°58'45"N, 82°59'15"W</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holgu%C3%ADn" title="Holguín">Holguín</a> (HQ Eastern Command) – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Pa%C3%ADs_Airport" title="Frank País Airport">Frank País Airport</a> (MUHG) <ul><li>1724 Interceptor Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-23" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23</a>BN bomber)</li> <li>3710 Interceptor Squadron and Training</li> <li>34th Tactical Regiment</li> <li>Naval Base?</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> – <a href="/wiki/Playa_Baracoa_Airport" title="Playa Baracoa Airport">Playa Baracoa Airport</a> (MUPB) <ul><li>3405th Executive Squadron</li> <li>3404 Transport Squadron</li> <li>3688 Transport Regiment</li></ul></li> <li>Havana – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="José Martí Airport">José Martí Airport</a> (MUHA) <ul><li>25th Transport Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-76" title="Ilyushin Il-76">Ilyushin Il-76</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-32" title="Antonov An-32">Antonov An-32</a>)</li> <li>Rwy 06/24, Size: 4001 m (13,125 ft)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Coloma_Airport" title="La Coloma Airport">La Coloma Airport</a> (MULM) <ul><li>1660 Training Squadron (<a href="/wiki/Aero_L-39_Albatros" title="Aero L-39 Albatros">Aero L-39 Albatros</a>C)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca,_Havana" title="Casablanca, Havana">Casablanca, Havana</a> naval base <ul><li>homeport for the navy's two frigates</li></ul></li> <li>there are naval facilities in Cienfuegos (patrol vessels docked near Museo Historico Naval Nacional in Cayo Loco area), Mariel (near shipyard/container port), Nicaro and Punta Movida.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inactive_bases">Inactive bases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Inactive bases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariel,_Cuba" title="Mariel, Cuba">Mariel</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariel_Airfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariel Airfield (page does not exist)">Mariel Airfield</a> (MUML) – now container terminal <ul><li>former anti-submarine helicopter squadron (<a href="/wiki/Ka-32" class="mw-redirect" title="Ka-32">Ka-32</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-14" title="Mil Mi-14">Mil Mi-14</a>PL)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Libertad_Airport" title="Ciudad Libertad Airport">Campo de Columbia</a> – renamed <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Libertad_Airport" title="Ciudad Libertad Airport">Campo Libertad</a> in 1961 (MULB) <ul><li>26th Transport Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-2" title="Mil Mi-2">Mil Mi-2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-8" title="Mil Mi-8">Mil Mi-8</a>)</li> <li>Training Squadron (<a href="/wiki/Aero_L-39_Albatros" title="Aero L-39 Albatros">Aero L-39 Albatros</a>C and <a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn_Z_26" class="mw-redirect" title="Zlín Z 26">Z-326T</a>)</li> <li>2065 m (6775 ft runway)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campo_Teniente_Brihuega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campo Teniente Brihuega (page does not exist)">Campo Teniente Brihuega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playa_Baracoa" title="Playa Baracoa">Playa Baracoa</a> – <a href="/wiki/Playa_Baracoa_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Playa Baracoa Airfield">Playa Baracoa Airfield</a> (MUPB) <ul><li>22nd Regiment</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaro_Airport" title="Nicaro Airport">Nicaro Airport</a> (MUNC) <ul><li>abandoned airfield 1315 m (single 4314 ft runway)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punta_Movida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punta Movida (page does not exist)">Punta Movida</a> <ul><li>Soviet built base</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cienfuegos_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Cienfuegos Airport">Cienfuegos Airport</a> (Jaime González Air Station) (MUCF) <ul><li>single 2/20 runway 1510 m (4954 ft)</li> <li>15th Transport Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-2" title="Antonov An-2">Antonov An-2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-26" title="Antonov An-26">Antonov An-26</a>)</li> <li>16th Helicopter Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-8" title="Mil Mi-8">Mil Mi-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-14" title="Mil Mi-14">Mil Mi-14</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-17" title="Mil Mi-17">Mil Mi-17</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCines" title="Güines">Güines</a> <ul><li>24 Tactical Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-23" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23</a>BN)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Maceo_Airport" title="Antonio Maceo Airport">Antonio Maceo Airport</a> (MUCU) <ul><li>35th Transport Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-2" title="Antonov An-2">Antonov An-2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-26" title="Antonov An-26">Antonov An-26</a>)</li> <li>36 Helicopter Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-8" title="Mil Mi-8">Mil Mi-8</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-24" title="Mil Mi-24">Mil Mi-24</a>)</li> <li>Rwy 09/27 4000 m (13123 ft)</li> <li>Rwy 18/36 1296 m (4252 ft)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_de_los_Ba%C3%B1os_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio de los Baños Airport">San Antonio de los Baños Airport</a> (MUSA) <ul><li>21st Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21</a>B)</li> <li>1724 Regiment</li> <li>3 Runways <ul><li>Rwy 01/19 2400 m (7873 ft)</li> <li>Rwy 05/23 3596 m (11,799 ft)</li> <li>Rwy 12/30 2482 m (8144 ft)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_Cuba" title="Santa Clara, Cuba">Santa Clara</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abel_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Abel Santa María Airport">Abel Santa María Airport</a> (MUSC) <ul><li>14th Tactical Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-23" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23</a>BN) bomber</li> <li>Rwy 08/26 3017 m (9898 ft)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Cruz,_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Cruz, Cuba (page does not exist)">Santa Cruz</a> <ul><li>11 Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21</a>B)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancti_Sp%C3%ADritus" title="Sancti Spíritus">Sancti Spíritus</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sancti_Spiritus_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Sancti Spiritus Airport">Sancti Spiritus Airport</a> (MUSS) <ul><li>12th Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21</a>MF)</li> <li>Rwy 03/21 1801 m (5908 ft)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey" title="Camagüey">Camagüey</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Agramonte_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignacio Agramonte Airport">Ignacio Agramonte Airport</a> (MUCM) <ul><li>31st Regiment – <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21</a>MF fighters</li> <li>Rwy 07/25 3000 m (9842 ft)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_Forces">Special Forces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Special Forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Black_Wasp_(special_forces)" title="Black Wasp (special forces)">Black Wasp (special forces)</a></div> <p>The <b><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Avispas Negras</i></span></b> (English: <span lang="en">Black Wasps</span>), also known formally as the <b>Mobile Brigade of Special Troops (BMTE)</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">special forces</a> unit in the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces. It is often identified as <b>Military Unit 4895</b> Desembarco de Granma is a small marine battalion with <a href="/wiki/Marines" title="Marines">Marines</a> like role. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paramilitary_forces">Paramilitary forces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Paramilitary forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorial_Troops_Militia"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Troops_Militia" title="Territorial Troops Militia">Territorial Troops Militia</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Territorial Troops Militia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Territorial Troops Militia is composed exclusively of civilian volunteers, under the command of MINFAR. It reinforced the notion of the popular will to defend the Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-loc.gov_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc.gov-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, the militia is a part-time force with only light arms that are issued only on occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Youth_Labor_Army">Youth Labor Army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Youth Labor Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Youth Labor Army (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Ejercito Juvenil del Trabajo</i></span> – EJT) is, by law, a paramilitary organization under the direct control of MINFAR. It was formally established on 3 August 1973 by combining the Centennial Youth Column (CJC) and the Permanent Infantry Divisions (DIP). Cuba's compulsory service laws require all male citizens to serve for three years in the EJT. The formation of the EJT allowed the army to devote itself full time to military matters. The EJT served as a reserve force in its first 20 years. In 1993, it was assigned the responsibility of managing the state farms.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Border_Troops">Border Troops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Border Troops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Border Troops of the Republic of Cuba (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Tropas Guardafronteras, TGF</i>) is a branch that ensures the protection of the state borders and territorial waters. They are subordinate to the Interior Ministry (MININT). The official date of the establishment of this service was on September 23, 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second half of the 1970s, several agreements were signed, according to which some changes were made to border protection, including a 1976 agreement was signed between Cuba and Mexico on the delimitation of the exclusive economic zone in the sector of the Cuban-Mexican maritime border and a 1977 agreement was signed on the maritime border between Cuba and Haiti. The Border Troops are de facto both a <a href="/wiki/Border_guard" title="Border guard">border guard</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">coast guard</a> force, and all new officers are commissioned from the Granma Naval Academy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_schools">Military schools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Military schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ximo_G%C3%B3mez_Command_Academy" title="Máximo Gómez Command Academy">Máximo Gómez Command Academy</a> – succeeded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Morro_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Morro Academy (page does not exist)">El Morro Academy</a>, current command college of the CRAF</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_College_of_Cuba" title="National Defense College of Cuba">National Defense College of Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilo_Cienfuegos_Military_Schools_System" title="Camilo Cienfuegos Military Schools System">Camilo Cienfuegos Military Schools System</a> – founded 1962, with 20 campuses in many cities, official military high school</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jose_Maceo_Military_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jose Maceo Military College (page does not exist)">Jose Maceo Military College</a> – officer cadet school of the Ground Force</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Maceo_Military_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Maceo Military College (page does not exist)">Antonio Maceo Military College</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Granma_Naval_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Granma Naval Academy (page does not exist)">Granma Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITM_Jose_Marti" class="mw-redirect" title="ITM Jose Marti">Jose Marti Military Technical Institute</a> – current officer cadet school of the technical services and the Air Force</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Medical_University_of_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military Medical University of Cuba (page does not exist)">Military Medical University of Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arides_S%C3%A1nchez_Military_Justice_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arides Sánchez Military Justice School (page does not exist)">Arides Sánchez Military Justice School</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces" title="List of equipment of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces">List of equipment of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_military_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban military ranks">Cuban military ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Cuba" title="List of wars involving Cuba">List of wars involving Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_interventions_of_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Military interventions of Cuba">Military interventions of Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Police_Force" title="National Revolutionary Police Force">National Revolutionary Police Force</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-newminister2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newminister2021_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a>: The Military Balance 2015, p. 392</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/#military-and-security">"Cuba - the World Factbook"</a>. 30 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cuba+-+the+World+Factbook&rft.date=2022-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fcuba%2F%23military-and-security&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuban+Revolutionary+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326012540/http://ctp.iccas.miami.edu/Research_Studies/BLatell.pdf">"The Cuban military and transition dynamics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctp.iccas.miami.edu/Research_Studies/BLatell.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2009-03-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icdcprague.org/download/speeches/Maria_Werlau_ENG.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2009-06-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Outlook+for+Cuba+and+What+International+Actors+Should+Avoid&rft.au=Claudia+Zilla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icdcprague.org%2Fdownload%2Fspeeches%2FMaria_Werlau_ENG.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuban+Revolutionary+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Williams, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1988/08/cuba-havana-apos-s-military-machine/5932/">"Cuba: Havana's Military Machine"</a>, <i>The Atlantic Monthly</i>, August 1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/13328715">"Afghanistan : a country study | WorldCat.org"</a>. <i>search.worldcat.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Armyrecognition.com, September 16, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wtop.com/news/2021/04/designan-al-general-alvaro-lopez-miera-como-nuevo-ministro-de-las-fuerzas-armadas-de-cuba/"><i>"Designan al general Álvaro López Miera como nuevo Ministro de las fuerzas armadas de Cuba"</i></a>, WTOP, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qq0uAAAAMAAJ"><i>Directory of Personalities of the Cuban Government, Official Organizations, and Mass Organizations</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globalsecurity.org&rft.atitle=Territorial+Militia+Troops&rft.aulast=Pike&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Fworld%2Fcuba%2Fmilitia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuban+Revolutionary+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/cuba/ejt.htm">"Youth Labor Army [Ejercito Juvenil del Trabajo]"</a>. <i>www.globalsecurity.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.globalsecurity.org&rft.atitle=Youth+Labor+Army+%5BEjercito+Juvenil+del+Trabajo%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Fworld%2Fcuba%2Fejt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuban+Revolutionary+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.juventudrebelde.cu/cuba/2016-02-11/guardianes-de-nuestras-costas">"Guardianes de nuestras costas"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guardianes+de+nuestras+costas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.juventudrebelde.cu%2Fcuba%2F2016-02-11%2Fguardianes-de-nuestras-costas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACuban+Revolutionary+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jane's Intelligence Review, June 1993</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piero_Gleijeses" title="Piero Gleijeses">Piero Gleijeses</a>: <i>Kuba in Afrika 1975–1991</i>. In: Bernd Greiner /Christian Th. Müller / Dierk Walter (Hrsg.): <i>Heiße Kriege im Kalten Krieg</i>. Hamburg, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-936096-61-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-936096-61-9">3-936096-61-9</a>, S. 469–510. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071015155258/http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/rezensionen/2006-3-024">Review by H. Hoff</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130426095031/http://www.akweb.de/ak_s/ak521/03.htm">Review by I. Küpeli</a>)</li> <li>Defense Intelligence Agency, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=446478">HAndbook on the Cuban Armed Forces, DDB-2680-62-79, April 1979</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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<ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cubadefensa.cu/">Official site of the Revolutionary Armed Forces</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205030040/http://cubadefensa.cu/">Archived</a> 2021-02-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militar.org.ua/foro/">Foro Militar General (Cuban military forum)</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071109125450/http://urrib2000.narod.ru/">Cuban Air Force</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070515182708/http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/secciones/generales/"><i>Secretos de Generales</i></a> on Granma site</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609182120/http://www.cubapolidata.com/cafr/cafr.html">Cuban Armed Forces Review</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/asmp/campaigns/smallarms/lainven.html">Latin American Light Weapons National Inventories</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022110744/http://www.fas.org/asmp/campaigns/smallarms/lainven.html">Archived</a> 2012-10-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/cuba/af-base.htm">Map showing AFBs in Cuba</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuba_articles512" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible GSE navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuba_topics" title="Template:Cuba topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuba_topics" title="Template talk:Cuba topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuba_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuba topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuba_articles512" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cuba-related_articles" title="Index of Cuba-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cuba" title="History of Cuba">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pre-Revolution35" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Pre-Revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cuban_history" title="Timeline of Cuban history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Cuba" title="List of colonial governors of Cuba">Colonial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Cuba" title="Slavery in Cuba">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Years%27_War" title="Ten Years' War">Ten Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_War_(Cuba)" title="Little War (Cuba)">Little War</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cuban_War_of_Independence" title="Cuban War of Independence">Cuban War of Independence</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Maine_(1889)#Sinking" title="USS Maine (1889)">Sinking of USS <i>Maine</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platt_Amendment" title="Platt Amendment">Platt Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cuba_(1902%E2%80%931959)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_I" title="Cuba during World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Cuba_hurricane" title="1932 Cuba hurricane">1932 hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_the_Moncada_Barracks" title="Attack on the Moncada Barracks">Attack on the Moncada Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_of_the_Granma" title="Landing of the Granma">Landing of the Granma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_embargo_against_Cuba" title="United States embargo against Cuba">United States embargo against Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Revolution" title="Triumph of the Revolution">Triumph of the Revolution</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Post-Revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Cuban_Revolution" title="Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution">Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Hill_massacre" title="San Juan Hill massacre">San Juan Hill massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_first,_elections_later" title="Revolution first, elections later">Revolution first, elections later</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_reforms_in_Cuba" title="Agrarian reforms in Cuba">Agrarian reforms in Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huber_Matos_affair" title="Huber Matos affair">Huber Matos affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_exile" title="Golden exile">Golden exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escambray_rebellion" title="Escambray rebellion">Escambray rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Coubre_explosion" title="La Coubre explosion">La Coubre explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Peter_Pan" title="Operation Peter Pan">Operation Peter Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_literacy_campaign" title="Cuban literacy campaign">Cuban literacy campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P.M._affair" title="P.M. affair">P.M. affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Year_Plan_(Cuba)" title="Four Year Plan (Cuba)">Four Year Plan (Cuba)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Three_Ps" title="Night of the Three Ps">Night of the Three Ps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalante_affair" title="Escalante affair">Escalante affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Debate_(Cuba)" title="Great Debate (Cuba)">Great Debate (Cuba)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Flights" title="Freedom Flights">Freedom Flights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Offensive" title="Revolutionary Offensive">Revolutionary Offensive</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Grey_years" title="Grey years">Grey years</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padilla_affair" title="Padilla affair">Padilla affair</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Institutionalization_process" title="Institutionalization process">Institutionalization process</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sovietization_of_Cuba" title="Sovietization of Cuba">Sovietization of Cuba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_intervention_in_Angola" title="Cuban intervention in Angola">Cuban intervention in Angola</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mariel_boatlift" title="Mariel boatlift">Mariel boatlift</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Havana_Embassy_Crisis_of_1980" title="Peruvian Havana Embassy Crisis of 1980">Peruvian Havana Embassy Crisis of 1980</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectification_process" title="Rectification process">Rectification process</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Special_Period" title="Special Period">Special Period</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dollarization_of_Cuba" title="Dollarization of Cuba">Dollarization of Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maleconazo" title="Maleconazo">Maleconazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Cuban_rafter_crisis" title="1994 Cuban rafter crisis">1994 Cuban rafter crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ideas" title="Battle of Ideas">Battle of Ideas</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elian_Gonzalez_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Elian Gonzalez affair">Elian Gonzalez affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Revolution" title="Energy Revolution">Energy Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%932008_Cuban_transfer_of_presidential_duties" title="2006–2008 Cuban transfer of presidential duties">Fidel's transfer of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">Cuban thaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Cuban_protests" title="2021 Cuban protests">2021 protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Havana" title="History of Havana">History of Havana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Havana" title="Timeline of Havana">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other cities <ul><li>Timelines: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Camag%C3%BCey" title="Timeline of Camagüey">Camagüey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cienfuegos" title="Timeline of Cienfuegos">Cienfuegos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Timeline of Guantánamo">Guantánamo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Holgu%C3%ADn" title="Timeline of Holguín">Holguín</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Matanzas" title="Timeline of Matanzas">Matanzas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Timeline of Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cuba" title="Geography of Cuba">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Cuba" title="List of cities in Cuba">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Cuba" title="Municipalities of Cuba">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Cuba" title="Provinces of Cuba">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Cuba" title="List of islands of Cuba">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Cuba" title="List of earthquakes in Cuba">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuba_hurricanes" title="List of Cuba hurricanes">Hurricanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Cuba" title="List of rivers of Cuba">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Cuba" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Cuba">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cuba" title="Politics of Cuba">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Cuba" title="Constitution of Cuba">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Cuba" title="Corruption in Cuba">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Cuba)" title="Council of Ministers (Cuba)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Cuba)" title="Council of State (Cuba)">Council of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cuba" title="Elections in Cuba">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_exodus" title="Cuban exodus">Exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cuba" title="Foreign relations of Cuba">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cuba" title="Human rights in Cuba">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Cuba" title="Censorship in Cuba">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Cuba" title="Human trafficking in Cuba">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Cuba">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Cuba" title="Law of Cuba">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cuba" title="List of political parties in Cuba">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_People%27s_Power" title="National Assembly of People's Power">National Assembly of People's Power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_National_Assembly_of_People%27s_Power" title="List of presidents of the National Assembly of People's Power">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in Cuba">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cuba" title="President of Cuba">President of Cuba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Cuba" title="List of heads of state of Cuba">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Cuba" title="Vice President of Cuba">Vice President of Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cuba" title="Prime Minister of Cuba">Prime Minister of Cuba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Cuba" title="List of heads of government of Cuba">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Revolutionary Armed Forces (MINFAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Army" title="Cuban Revolutionary Army">Revolutionary Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Navy" title="Cuban Revolutionary Navy">Revolutionary Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defense_Force" title="Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Troops_Militia" title="Territorial Troops Militia">Territorial Troops Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_National_Army" title="Cuban National Army">National Army</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Law enforcement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Police_Force" title="National Revolutionary Police Force">National Revolutionary Police Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committees_for_the_Defense_of_the_Revolution" title="Committees for the Defense of the Revolution">Committees for the Defense of the Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3n_General_de_Inteligencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirección General de Inteligencia">Dirección General de Inteligencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Counterintelligence_Directorate" title="Military Counterintelligence Directorate">Military Counterintelligence Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cuba" title="Economy of Cuba">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Cuba" title="Agriculture in Cuba">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Reforma_Agraria" title="Instituto Nacional de Reforma Agraria">Agrarian reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPA_(agriculture)" title="CPA (agriculture)">Cooperatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Cuba" title="Central Bank of Cuba">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_economy_of_Cuba" title="Dual economy of Cuba">Dual economy of Cuba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_peso" title="Cuban peso">Peso <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_convertible_peso" title="Cuban convertible peso">Convertible peso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Cuba" title="International rankings of Cuba">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cuba" title="Telecommunications in Cuba">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cuba" title="Tourism in Cuba">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Cuba" title="Transport in Cuba">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubana_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Cubana de Aviación">airline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cuba" title="Culture of Cuba">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Society7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_art" title="Cuban art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Cuba" title="Architecture of Cuba">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cuba" title="Cinema of Cuba">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cigar" title="Cuban cigar">Cigars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cuisine" title="Cuban cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_from_Cuba" title="Dance from Cuba">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cuba" title="Education in Cuba">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Cuba">Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Cuba" title="Health in Cuba">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Cuba" title="Healthcare in Cuba">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Cuba" title="List of hospitals in Cuba">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Cuba" title="Internet in Cuba">Internet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Cuba" title="Internet censorship in Cuba">Censorship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Spanish" title="Cuban Spanish">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_literature" title="Cuban literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Cuba" title="Mass media in Cuba">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Cuba" title="List of newspapers in Cuba">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Cuba" title="Television in Cuba">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cuba" title="Music of Cuba">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_musical_theatre" title="Cuban musical theatre">Musical theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivals_in_Havana" title="Festivals in Havana">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Cuba" title="Public holidays in Cuba">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Havana_Cuba" title="Radio Havana Cuba">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationing_in_Cuba" title="Rationing in Cuba">Rationing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cuba" title="Religion in Cuba">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_and_Guiding_in_Cuba" title="Scouting and Guiding in Cuba">Scouting and Guiding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociolismo" title="Sociolismo">Sociolismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Cuba" title="Sport in Cuba">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Association football in Cuba">Association Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_in_Cuba" title="Baseball in Cuba">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_in_Cuba" title="Boxing in Cuba">Boxing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Cuba" title="Women in Cuba">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cuba" title="Demographics of Cuba">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubans" title="Cubans">Cubans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cubans" title="Afro-Cubans">Afro-Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_Americans" title="List of Cuban Americans">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Cuban" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Verdean Cuban">Cape Verdean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cubans" title="Chinese Cubans">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciboney" title="Ciboney">Ciboney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Cubans" title="Filipino Cubans">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_immigration_to_Cuba" title="French immigration to Cuba">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Cuban" title="Haitian Cuban">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleño">Isleños</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Cubans" title="Italian Cubans">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Cubans" title="Japanese Cubans">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cuba" title="History of the Jews in Cuba">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Cuba" title="Koreans in Cuba">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lebanese_people_in_Cuba" title="List of Lebanese people in Cuba">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_immigration_to_Cuba" title="Mexican immigration to Cuba">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Cuba" title="Spanish immigration to Cuba">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Latin_Americans" title="White Latin Americans">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By occupation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_architects" title="List of Cuban architects">Architects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_artists" title="List of Cuban artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_athletes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Cuban athletes">Athletes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Cuba" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Cuba">Baseball players</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_painters" title="List of Cuban painters">Painters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_abstract_painters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Cuban abstract painters">abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_writers" title="List of Cuban writers">Writers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_women_writers" title="List of Cuban women writers">women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cuba" title="Category:Cuba">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Cuba" title="Outline of Cuba">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/23px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/31px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cuba-related_articles" title="Index of Cuba-related articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuban_security_forces171" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuban_security_forces" title="Template:Cuban security forces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuban_security_forces" title="Template talk:Cuban security forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuban_security_forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuban security forces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuban_security_forces171" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuban</a> security forces</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_of_Cuba" title="Category:Military of Cuba">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_(Cuba)" title="Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces (Cuba)">MINFAR</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Army" title="Cuban Revolutionary Army">Cuban Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Navy" title="Cuban Revolutionary Navy">Cuban Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defense_Force" title="Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force">Cuban Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Troops_Militia" title="Territorial Troops Militia">Territorial Troops Militia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_enforcement_in_Cuba" title="Category:Law enforcement in Cuba">Law enforcement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Cuba)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Cuba)">Ministry of the Interior</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(MININT)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Cuba">National Revolutionary Police Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_for_the_Defense_of_the_Revolution" title="Committees for the Defense of the Revolution">Committees for the Defense of the Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Cuban_intelligence_agencies" title="Category:Cuban intelligence agencies">Intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Counterintelligence_Directorate" title="Military Counterintelligence Directorate">Military Counterintelligence Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3n_de_Inteligencia" title="Dirección de Inteligencia">Intelligence Directorate</a></li> <li>State Security Department</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armed_conflicts_involving_Cuba79" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuban_conflicts" title="Template:Cuban conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuban_conflicts" title="Template talk:Cuban conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuban_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuban conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_conflicts_involving_Cuba79" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Armed conflicts involving <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External and<br />international</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Years%27_War" title="Ten Years' War">Ten Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_War_of_Independence" title="Cuban War of Independence">Cuban War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Cuban_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1952 Cuban coup d'état">1952 Cuban coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escambray_rebellion" title="Escambray rebellion">Escambray rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%91ancahuaz%C3%BA_Guerrilla" title="Ñancahuazú Guerrilla">Ñancahuazú Guerrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_intervention_in_Angola" title="Cuban intervention in Angola">intervention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethio-Somali_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethio-Somali War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaraguan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Grenada">Invasion of Grenada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Cuba" title="Military history of Cuba">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_interventions_by_Cuba" title="Foreign interventions by Cuba">Foreign interventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_military_internationalism" title="Cuban military internationalism">Military internationalism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">FAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_(Cuba)" title="Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces (Cuba)">MINFAR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">Sphere of influence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Militaries_of_the_Americas1072" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_of_the_Americas" title="Template:Military of the Americas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_of_the_Americas" title="Template talk:Military of the Americas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_of_the_Americas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military of the Americas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Militaries_of_the_Americas1072" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Militaries of the Americas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_Defence_Force" title="Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Argentine_Republic" title="Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bahamas_Defence_Force" title="Royal Bahamas Defence Force">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados_Defence_Force" title="Barbados Defence Force">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_Defence_Force" title="Belize Defence Force">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Bolivia" title="Armed Forces of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Armed_Forces" title="Brazilian Armed Forces">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Military Forces of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Armed Forces of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ecuador" title="Armed Forces of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_El_Salvador" title="Armed Forces of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Guatemala" title="Armed Forces of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana_Defence_Force" title="Guyana Defence Force">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Haiti" title="Armed Forces of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Honduras" title="Armed Forces of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Defence_Force" title="Jamaica Defence Force">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Armed_Forces" title="Mexican Armed Forces">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Armed_Forces" title="Nicaraguan Armed Forces">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Paraguay" title="Armed Forces of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Armed_Forces" title="Peruvian Armed Forces">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_Defence_Force" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis Defence Force">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_National_Army" title="Suriname National Army">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_Defence_Force" title="Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Uruguay" title="Armed Forces of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolivarian_Armed_Forces_of_Venezuela" title="National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Aruba" title="Military of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Bermuda" title="Military of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Military of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Armed_Forces" title="Netherlands Armed Forces">Caribbean Netherlands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Armed_Forces" title="Netherlands Armed Forces">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Military of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Montserrat_Defence_Force" title="Royal Montserrat Defence Force">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Military of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">Saint Martin, (Collectivity of)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Armed_Forces" title="Netherlands Armed Forces">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Military of the Falkland Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign states">Sovereign states</a> of <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Dominica" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Dominica">Dominica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Grenada">Grenada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Military of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Military of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> have no military and thus are not included in the list. The <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Federal_Dependencies_of_Venezuela" title="Federal Dependencies of Venezuela">Federal Dependencies of Venezuela</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Bolivarian_Armed_Forces_of_Venezuela" title="National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela">Venezuela</a>) is not listed. The <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">integral area</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">United Kingdom</a>) is not listed. The uninhabited islands of <a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Defence_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Defence Force">Norway</a>), <a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">France</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States</a>) are not listed. The uninhabited disputed territories of <a href="/wiki/Bajo_Nuevo_Bank" title="Bajo Nuevo Bank">Bajo Nuevo Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serranilla_Bank" title="Serranilla Bank">Serranilla Bank</a> are not listed.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663472#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata839" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663472#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata839" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663472#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121869053">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/152323113">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81085543">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12376185b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12376185b">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02814337X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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