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class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Religion in public institutions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_in_public_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_in_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_in_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Religion in schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_in_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian-only_adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian-only_adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Christian-only adoption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian-only_adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposing_LGBTQ_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposing_LGBTQ_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Opposing LGBTQ rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposing_LGBTQ_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposing_abortion,_birth_control,_and_euthanasia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposing_abortion,_birth_control,_and_euthanasia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Opposing abortion, birth control, and euthanasia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposing_abortion,_birth_control,_and_euthanasia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_anti-abortion_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_anti-abortion_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 International anti-abortion work </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_anti-abortion_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaigns_against_assisted_suicide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaigns_against_assisted_suicide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Campaigns against assisted suicide 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href="#Church_political_activity_and_tax_exemption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Church political activity and tax exemption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Church_political_activity_and_tax_exemption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Reception </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associated_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associated_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Associated people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associated_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American Christian legal advocacy group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Alliance Defending Freedom</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Alliance_Defending_Freedom_(logo).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Logo of Alliance Defending Freedom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a5/Alliance_Defending_Freedom_%28logo%29.png/100px-Alliance_Defending_Freedom_%28logo%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a5/Alliance_Defending_Freedom_%28logo%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="129" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">ADF</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">March 25, 1993; 31 years ago (1993-03-25)<a href="#cite_note-corp-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">Non-profit organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_Identification_Number" title="Taxpayer Identification Number">Tax ID no.</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">54-1660459</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a><a href="#cite_note-990-2013-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">Chairman</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Terry Schlossberg<a href="#cite_note-irs2020-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_(corporation)" class="mw-redirect" title="President (corporation)">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Executive Officer">CEO</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Waggoner" title="Kristen Waggoner">Kristen Waggoner</a><a href="#cite_note-waggoner-ceo-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$104,000,000<a href="#cite_note-Good_News_Club-5">[5]</a>: 84 <a href="#cite_note-irs2022-6">[6]</a> (in 2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data">$104,490,113<a href="#cite_note-IRS22-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-irs2020-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-irs2022-6">[6]</a> (in 2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Expenses</th><td class="infobox-data">$81,311,475<a href="#cite_note-IRS22-7">[7]</a> (in 2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$20,295,829<a href="#cite_note-IRS22-7">[7]</a> (in 2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">395<a href="#cite_note-IRS22-7">[7]</a> (in 2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Volunteers</th><td class="infobox-data">1,351<a href="#cite_note-IRS22-7">[7]</a> (in 2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adflegal.org/">www.adflegal.org</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4732297#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Alliance Defense Fund</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #B0161E; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Conservatism in the United States">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#B0161E; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">Conservatism in the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/90px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/135px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/180px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism#Relation_to_American_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_conservatism" title="Moderate conservatism">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_conservatism" title="Movement conservatism">Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postliberalism" title="Postliberalism">Postliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#United_States" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straussianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Straussianism">Straussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Traditionalist conservatism in the United States">Traditionalist</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#United_States" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism#United_States" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_civil_religion" title="American civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism#United_States" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism_in_the_United_States" title="Constitutionalism in the United States">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_anti-abortion_movement" title="United States anti-abortion movement">Pro-life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism#United_States" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Gender essentialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian_ethics" title="Judeo-Christian ethics">Judeo-Christian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_aristocracy" title="Natural aristocracy">Natural aristocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_militarism" title="United States militarism">Militarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_through_strength" title="Peace through strength">Peace through strength</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_absolutism" title="Moral absolutism">Moral absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americanism_(ideology)" title="Americanism (ideology)">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Right to bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_chivalry" title="Southern chivalry">Southern chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_humanism_(literature)" title="New humanism (literature)">New Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians" title="Southern Agrarians">Southern Agrarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Manifesto" title="Conservative Manifesto">Conservative Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_coalition" title="Conservative coalition">Conservative coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Committee" title="America First Committee">America First Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_the_1950s" class="mw-redirect" title="United States in the 1950s">United States in the 1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">Goldwater campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right#United_States" title="New Right">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_era" title="Reagan era">Reagan era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism_and_paleoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism">Neo- vs. paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Revolution" title="Republican Revolution">Republican Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party movement</a></li> <li>Trump era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">First term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">Second term</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams" title="Henry Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Anton" title="Michael Anton">Anton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Babbitt" title="Irving Babbitt">Babbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bacevich" title="Andrew Bacevich">Bacevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bell" title="Daniel Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Bellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_L._Berger" title="Peter L. Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Bloom" title="Allan Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Boorstin" title="Daniel J. Boorstin">Boorstin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Bradford" title="Mel Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Burgess_(political_scientist)" title="John Burgess (political scientist)">Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Carl" title="Jeremy Carl">Carl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Conquest" title="Robert Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Deneen" title="Patrick Deneen">Deneen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Eastman" title="Max Eastman">Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Francis_(writer)" title="Sam Francis (writer)">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Genovese" title="Eugene Genovese">Genovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Gottfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson" title="Victor Davis Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Hazony" title="Yoram Hazony">Hazony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Himmelfarb" title="Gertrude Himmelfarb">Himmelfarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_V._Jaffa" title="Harry V. Jaffa">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willmoore_Kendall" title="Willmoore Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Kimball" title="Roger Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Kristol" title="Irving Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Lasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lind" title="Michael Lind">Lind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">Lovecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Loury" title="Glenn Loury">Loury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lukacs" title="John Lukacs">Lukacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Meyer_(political_philosopher)" title="Frank Meyer (political philosopher)">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Molnar" title="Thomas Molnar">Molnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Murray_(political_scientist)" title="Charles Murray (political scientist)">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet">Nisbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pangle" title="Thomas Pangle">Pangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crowe_Ransom" title="John Crowe Ransom">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rieff" title="Philip Rieff">Rieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Schaeffer" title="Francis Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Viereck" title="Peter Viereck">Viereck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Weyl" title="Nathaniel Weyl">Weyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Wolfe</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams (John)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams (John Quincy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush (George H. W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush (George W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">DeSantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Dirksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover (Herbert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Huckabee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jordan" title="Jim Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy (Joseph)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul (Rand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul (Ron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke" title="John Randolph of Roanoke">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Rubio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Huckabee_Sanders" title="Sarah Huckabee Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Santorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Taft (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_of_Caroline" title="John Taylor of Caroline">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Wolfowitz</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Jurists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Bork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Colson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_T._Frelinghuysen" title="Frederick T. Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._George" title="Robert P. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Goldsmith" title="Jack Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan_II" title="John Marshall Harlan II">Harlan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Luttig" title="J. Michael Luttig">Luttig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Meese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">Rehnquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Terry_Sanford" title="Edward Terry Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Scalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas (Clarence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Vermeule" title="Adrian Vermeule">Vermeule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Whittaker" title="Charles Evans Whittaker">Whittaker</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sohrab_Ahmari" title="Sohrab Ahmari">Ahmari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Bongino" title="Dan Bongino">Bongino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Breitbart" title="Andrew Breitbart">Breitbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan (Pat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Caldwell_(journalist)" title="Christopher Caldwell (journalist)">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oren_Cass" title="Oren Cass">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov">Chodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Coulter" title="Ann Coulter">Coulter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">D'Souza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Derbyshire" title="John Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_DiLorenzo" title="Thomas DiLorenzo">DiLorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Douthat" title="Ross Douthat">Douthat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Dreher" title="Rod Dreher">Dreher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Elder" title="Larry Elder">Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fleming_(political_writer)" title="Thomas Fleming (political writer)">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah_Goldberg" title="Jonah Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Grant_(radio_host)" title="Bob Grant (radio host)">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyssa_Farah_Griffin" title="Alyssa Farah Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_van_den_Haag" title="Ernest van den Haag">Van den Haag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Hannity" title="Sean Hannity">Hannity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Hart" title="Jeffrey Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Hegseth" title="Pete Hegseth">Hegseth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Herberg" title="Will Herberg">Herberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hoover" title="Margaret Hoover">Hoover (Margaret)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingraham" title="Laura Ingraham">Ingraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megyn_Kelly" title="Megyn Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Knowles_(political_commentator)" title="Michael Knowles (political commentator)">Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Krauthammer" title="Charles Krauthammer">Krauthammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomi_Lahren" title="Tomi Lahren">Lahren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Levin" title="Mark Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Limbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Mac_Donald" title="Heather Mac Donald">Mac Donald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Metaxas" title="Eric Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Neuhaus" title="Richard John Neuhaus">Neuhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Ngo" title="Andy Ngo">Ngo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_North" title="Oliver North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Novak" title="Robert Novak">Novak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_O%27Reilly_(political_commentator)" title="Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)">O'Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Owens" title="Candace Owens">Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Podhoretz" title="Norman Podhoretz">Podhoretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pool" title="Tim Pool">Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Portnoy" title="David Portnoy">Portnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shapiro" title="Ben Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amity_Shlaes" title="Amity Shlaes">Shlaes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan" title="Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Walsh_(political_commentator)" title="Matt Walsh (political commentator)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Watters" title="Jesse Watters">Watters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Whittle" title="Bill Whittle">Whittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Will" title="George Will">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich" title="Lucian Wintrich">Wintrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Woods" title="Tom Woods">Woods</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Abramoff" title="Jack Abramoff">Abramoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Agostinelli" title="Robert Agostinelli">Agostinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Ahmanson_Jr." title="Howard Ahmanson Jr.">Ahmanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Andreessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Andreessen">Andreessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Atwater" title="Lee Atwater">Atwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaitlin_Bennett" title="Kaitlin Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Bezmenov" title="Yuri Bezmenov">Bezmenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Blum_(litigant)" title="Edward Blum (litigant)">Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Brent_Bozell_Jr." title="L. Brent Bozell Jr.">Bozell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Cohn" title="Roy Cohn">Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Coors" title="Joseph Coors">Coors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dans" title="Paul Dans">Dans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Dolan_(activist)" title="Terry Dolan (activist)">Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Drudge" title="Matt Drudge">Drudge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Falwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Feulner" title="Edwin Feulner">Feulner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Gabriel" title="Brigitte Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz" title="David Horowitz">Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Krikorian_(activist)" title="Mark Krikorian (activist)">Krikorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Kristol" title="Bill Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">LaHaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Leo" title="Leonard Leo">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McEntee_(political_aide)" title="John McEntee (political aide)">McEntee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebekah_Mercer" title="Rebekah Mercer">Mercer (Rebekah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mercer" title="Robert Mercer">Mercer (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Murdoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Musk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk" title="Views of Elon Musk">Political views</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Keefe" title="James O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeonmi_Park" title="Yeonmi Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Reed" title="Ralph Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Regnery" title="Henry Regnery">Regnery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Roberts_(political_strategist)" title="Kevin Roberts (political strategist)">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rove" title="Karl Rove">Rove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Rufo" title="Christopher Rufo">Rufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Rusher" title="William A. Rusher">Rusher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mellon_Scaife" title="Richard Mellon Scaife">Scaife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schlafly" title="Andrew Schlafly">Schlafly (Andrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Schlafly (Phyllis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Starbuck" title="Robby Starbuck">Starbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Thiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Viguerie" title="Richard Viguerie">Viguerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginni_Thomas" title="Ginni Thomas">Thomas (Ginni)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Weyrich" title="Paul Weyrich">Weyrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Wood" title="Robert E. Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Yenor" title="Scott Yenor">Yenor</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a> (1788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a> (1835–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_on_Democracy" title="Notes on Democracy">Notes on Democracy</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians#I'll_Take_My_Stand" title="Southern Agrarians">I'll Take My Stand</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Enemy,_the_State" title="Our Enemy, the State">Our Enemy, the State</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Managerial_Revolution" title="The Managerial Revolution">The Managerial Revolution</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideas_Have_Consequences" title="Ideas Have Consequences">Ideas Have Consequences</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_and_Man_at_Yale" title="God and Man at Yale">God and Man at Yale</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Mind" title="The Conservative Mind">The Conservative Mind</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conscience_of_a_Conservative" title="The Conscience of a Conservative">The Conscience of a Conservative</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Choice_Not_an_Echo" title="A Choice Not an Echo">A Choice Not an Echo</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losing_Ground_(book)" title="Losing Ground (book)">Losing Ground</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Conflict_of_Visions" title="A Conflict of Visions">A Conflict of Visions</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_American_Mind" title="The Closing of the American Mind">The Closing of the American Mind</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bell_Curve:_Intelligence_and_Class_Structure_in_American_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life">The Bell Curve</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revolt_of_the_Elites" title="The Revolt of the Elites">The Revolt of the Elites</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_the_West" title="The Death of the West">The Death of the West</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blank_Slate" title="The Blank Slate">The Blank Slate</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Rednecks_and_White_Liberals" title="Black Rednecks and White Liberals">Black Rednecks and White Liberals</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly_Elegy" title="Hillbilly Elegy">Hillbilly Elegy</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Benedict_Option" title="The Benedict Option">The Benedict Option</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_Liberalism_Failed" title="Why Liberalism Failed">Why Liberalism Failed</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Concerns</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture#American_public_opinion" title="Cancel culture">Cancel Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war#United_States" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_multiculturalism#United_States" title="Criticism of multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparate_impact#Controversy" title="Disparate impact">"Disparate impact" controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020s_controversies_around_critical_race_theory" title="2020s controversies around critical race theory">CRT controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion#Criticism_and_controversy" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">DEI controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griggs_v._Duke_Power_Co." title="Griggs v. Duke Power Co.">Griggs v. Duke Power Co.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education bubble in the United States">Higher ed. bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_woke,_go_broke" title="Go woke, go broke">Go woke, go broke</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental,_social,_and_governance#Criticism" title="Environmental, social, and governance">ESG</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Corporate_sociopolitical_activism#Counter-movement" title="Corporate sociopolitical activism">Woke capitalism</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling#United_States" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reduction_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reduction in the United States">Immigration reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States_and_crime" title="Illegal immigration to the United States and crime">Immigration and crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Border crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_public_policy" title="Intelligence and public policy">Intelligence and public policy</a></li> <li>Constitutional interpretations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Originalism" title="Originalism">Originalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textualism" title="Textualism">Textualism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerial_state" title="Managerial state">Managerial state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudsill_theory" title="Mudsill theory">Mudsill theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Second Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-replacement_fertility#United_States" title="Sub-replacement fertility">Sub-replacement fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">Active <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">Conservative Party of New York State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></li></ul> Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> (historically, factions) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boll_weevil_(politics)" title="Boll weevil (politics)">Boll weevils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Democrat" title="Bourbon Democrat">Bourbon Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democrat" title="Conservative Democrat">Conservative Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">Dixiecrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan Democrats">Reagan Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Democrat">Southern Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorr_Rebellion" title="Dorr Rebellion">Rhode Island Suffrage Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American Party">Native American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Think tanks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acton_Institute" title="Acton Institute">Acton Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville_Institution" title="Alexis de Tocqueville Institution">AdTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">AEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Security_Policy" title="Center for Security Policy">CSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_National_Interest" title="Center for the National Interest">Center for the National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Institute" title="Claremont Institute">Claremont Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute" title="Competitive Enterprise Institute">CEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz_Freedom_Center" title="David Horowitz Freedom Center">CSPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_and_Public_Policy_Center" title="Ethics and Public Policy Center">EPPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Institute" title="Family Research Institute">FRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatestone_Institute" title="Gatestone Institute">Gatestone Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_Institute" title="Heartland Institute">Heartland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Action" title="Heritage Action">Heritage Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Leadership" title="Mandate for Leadership">Mandate for Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_2025" title="Project 2025">Project 2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Institute" title="Hudson Institute">Hudson Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Studies_Institute" title="Intercollegiate Studies Institute">ISI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Program_in_American_Ideals_and_Institutions" title="James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions">James Madison Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Institute" title="Leadership Institute">Leadership Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Institute_for_Policy_Research" title="Manhattan Institute for Policy Research">Manhattan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Research_Institute" title="Pacific Research Institute">PRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_for_the_New_American_Century" title="Project for the New American Century">Project for the New American Century</a> (Defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon_Society" title="Ripon Society">Ripon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_Street_Institute" title="R Street Institute">R Street Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_Institute" title="Rockford Institute">Rockford Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Policy_Network" title="State Policy Network">SPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutherland_Institute" title="Sutherland Institute">Sutherland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Foundation" title="Tax Foundation">Tax Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witherspoon_Institute" title="Witherspoon Institute">Witherspoon Institute</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> Newspapers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Morning_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Morning News">Dallas Morning News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Epoch_Times" title="The Epoch Times">The Epoch Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Union_Leader" title="New Hampshire Union Leader">New Hampshire Union Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Voice" title="The Jewish Voice">The Jewish Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Remnant_(newspaper)" title="The Remnant (newspaper)">The Remnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> <a href="/wiki/Editorial_board_at_The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="Editorial board at The Wall Street Journal">(editorial board)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></li></ul> Journals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Affairs" title="American Affairs">American Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Spectator" title="The American Spectator">The American Spectator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Thinker" title="American Thinker">American Thinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Journal" title="City Journal">City Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Review_of_Books" title="Claremont Review of Books">Claremont Review of Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_(American_magazine)" title="Compact (American magazine)">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_(magazine)" title="Chronicles (magazine)">Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Things" title="First Things">First Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Imaginative_Conservative" title="The Imaginative Conservative">The Imaginative Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_World_Review" title="Jewish World Review">Jewish World Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Age_(periodical)" title="Modern Age (periodical)">Modern Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Affairs" title="National Affairs">National Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_National_Interest" title="The National Interest">The National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_American" title="The New American">The New American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Atlantis_(journal)" title="The New Atlantis (journal)">The New Atlantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Criterion" title="The New Criterion">The New Criterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_Review" title="Policy Review">Policy Review</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Discourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Discourse">Public Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Partisan" title="Southern Partisan">Southern Partisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectator_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectator USA">Spectator USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)" title="Tablet (magazine)">Tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taki%27s_Magazine" title="Taki's Magazine">Taki's Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telos_(journal)" title="Telos (journal)">Telos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard" title="The Weekly Standard">The Weekly Standard</a> (defunct)</li></ul> TV channels <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Business" title="Fox Business">Fox Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_America_News_Network" title="One America News Network">One America News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOZ_(media_company)" title="VOZ (media company)">VOZ</a></li></ul> Websites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Babylon_Bee" title="The Babylon Bee">Babylon Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bulwark_(website)" title="The Bulwark (website)">The Bulwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_Reform" title="Campus Reform">Campus Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Center_Square" title="The Center Square">The Center Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Review" title="Conservative Review">Conservative Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Caller" title="The Daily Caller">Daily Caller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Signal" title="The Daily Signal">Daily Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Wire" title="The Daily Wire">Daily Wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discover_the_Networks" title="Discover the Networks">Discover the Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_(website)" title="The Federalist (website)">The Federalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FrontPage_Magazine" title="FrontPage Magazine">FrontPage Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Porch_Republic" title="Front Porch Republic">Front Porch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gateway_Pundit" title="The Gateway Pundit">Gateway Pundit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Air" title="Hot Air">Hot Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Events" title="Human Events">Human Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Journal_Review" title="Independent Journal Review">Independent Journal Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InfoWars" title="InfoWars">InfoWars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad_Watch" title="Jihad Watch">Jihad Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LifeZette" title="LifeZette">LifeZette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewsBusters" class="mw-redirect" title="NewsBusters">NewsBusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PJ_Media" title="PJ Media">PJ Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_(website)" title="Rare (website)">Rare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RedState" title="RedState">RedState</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townhall" title="Townhall">Townhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitchy" title="Twitchy">Twitchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Free_Beacon" title="The Washington Free Beacon">The Washington Free Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Journal" title="The Western Journal">The Western Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldNetDaily" title="WorldNetDaily">WorldNetDaily</a></li></ul> Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaze_Media" title="Blaze Media">Blaze Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encounter_Books" title="Encounter Books">Encounter Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evie_Magazine" title="Evie Magazine">Evie Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_TV" title="The First TV">The First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imprimis" title="Imprimis">Imprimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Political_Cesspool" title="The Political Cesspool">The Political Cesspool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Passage Publishing">Passage Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PragerU" title="PragerU">PragerU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare_(podcast)" title="Red Scare (podcast)">Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Side_Broadcasting_Network" title="Right Side Broadcasting Network">RSBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rubin_Report" title="The Rubin Report">The Rubin Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Broadcast_Group" title="Sinclair Broadcast Group">Sinclair Broadcast Group</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Other organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> Economics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Tax_Reform" title="Americans for Tax Reform">ATR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_for_Growth" title="Club for Growth">Club for Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreedomWorks" title="FreedomWorks">FreedomWorks</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business" title="National Federation of Independent Business">NFIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Taxpayers_Union" title="National Taxpayers Union">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Patriots" title="Tea Party Patriots">Tea Party Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="United States Chamber of Commerce">USCC</a></li></ul> Gun rights <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Owners_of_America" title="Gun Owners of America">GOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_Gun_Rights" title="National Association for Gun Rights">NAGR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association" title="National Rifle Association">NRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_Caucus" title="Second Amendment Caucus">Second Amendment Caucus</a></li></ul> Identity politics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACT_for_America" title="ACT for America">ACT!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerned_Women_for_America" title="Concerned Women for America">CWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Conservative_Citizens" title="Council of Conservative Citizens">Council of Conservative Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gays_Against_Groomers" title="Gays Against Groomers">GAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Women%27s_Forum" title="Independent Women's Forum">IWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Cabin_Republicans" title="Log Cabin Republicans">LCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moms_for_Liberty" title="Moms for Liberty">Moms for Liberty</a></li></ul> Nativist <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Immigration_Studies" title="Center for Immigration Studies">CIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_for_American_Immigration_Reform" title="Federation for American Immigration Reform">FAIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Restriction_League" title="Immigration Restriction League">Immigration Restriction League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NumbersUSA" title="NumbersUSA">NumbersUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oath_Keepers" title="Oath Keepers">Oath Keepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Percenters" title="Three Percenters">Three Percenters</a></li></ul> Religion <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ADF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_court_cases_involving_Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="List of court cases involving Alliance Defending Freedom">Court cases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Center_for_Law_%26_Justice" title="American Center for Law & Justice">ACLJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Association" title="American Family Association">AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_the_Defense_of_Tradition,_Family_and_Property" title="American Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property">The American TFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedon_Foundation" title="Chalcedon Foundation">Chalcedon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Coalition_of_America" title="Christian Coalition of America">CCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Voice_(United_States)" title="Christian Voice (United States)">Christian Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Forum" title="Eagle Forum">Eagle Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Council" title="Family Research Council">FCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_(Christian_organization)" title="The Fellowship (Christian organization)">The Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_and_Freedom_Coalition" title="Faith and Freedom Coalition">FFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Moral_Law" title="Foundation for Moral Law">Foundation for Moral Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Counsel" title="Liberty Counsel">Liberty Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority">Moral Majority</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Marriage" title="National Organization for Marriage">NOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Right_to_Life_Committee" title="National Right to Life Committee">NRLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents_Television_and_Media_Council" title="Parents Television and Media Council">PTMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Pro-Life_America" title="Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America">Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More_Law_Center" title="Thomas More Law Center">Thomas More Law Center</a></li></ul> Watchdog groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_in_Media" title="Accuracy in Media">AIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econ_Journal_Watch" title="Econ Journal Watch">Econ Journal Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_News_Foundation" title="Franklin News Foundation">Franklin News Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_Watch" title="Judicial Watch">JW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Research_Center" title="Media Research Center">MRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Keefe_Media_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Keefe Media Group">O'Keefe Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Veritas" title="Project Veritas">Project Veritas</a> (defunct)</li></ul> Youth/student groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Journalism_Center" title="National Journalism Center">NJC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_Point_USA" title="Turning Point USA">TPUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Freedom" title="Young Americans for Freedom">Young Americans for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_America%27s_Foundation" title="Young America's Foundation">Young America's Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Liberty" title="Young Americans for Liberty">YAL</a></li></ul> Miscellaneous <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_85_Fund" title="The 85 Fund">The 85 Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Western_Civilization" title="Alexander Hamilton Institute for the Study of Western Civilization">AHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Conservative_Union" title="American Conservative Union">ACU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Foundation" title="Bradley Foundation">Bradley Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Caucus" title="The Conservative Caucus">TCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_National_Policy" title="Council for National Policy">CNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">CPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Caucus" title="Freedom Caucus">Freedom Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsdale_College" title="Hillsdale College">Hillsdale College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Freedom_Foundation" title="Idaho Freedom Foundation">IFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">JBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Olin_Foundation" title="John M. Olin Foundation">John M. Olin Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Fund" title="Liberty Fund">Liberty Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_University" title="Liberty University">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Scholars" title="National Association of Scholars">NAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Society" title="Philadelphia Society">Philadelphia Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_University" title="Regent University">Regent University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Study_Committee" title="Republican Study Committee">RSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk_Center_for_Cultural_Renewal" title="Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal">Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Public_Policy_Foundation" title="Texas Public Policy Foundation">TPPF</a></li></ul> Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Legal" title="America First Legal">AFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Network" title="Atlas Network">Atlas Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Network" title="Collegiate Network">CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConservAmerica" title="ConservAmerica">ConservAmerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donors_Trust" title="Donors Trust">Donors Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Society" title="Federalist Society">FedSoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservative_Political_Action_Committee" title="National Conservative Political Action Committee">NCPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Justice_Institute" title="Pacific Justice Institute">PJI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Main_Street_Partnership" title="Republican Main Street Partnership">Republican Main Street Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(app)" title="The Right Stuff (app)">The Right Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Civic_Renewal" title="Society for American Civic Renewal">SACR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Republicans" title="Young Republicans">YRNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziklag_(organization)" title="Ziklag (organization)">Ziklag</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islands_American_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Asian American and Pacific Islands American conservatism in the United States">Asian and Pacific Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Black conservatism in the United States">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_reconstructionism#Influence_on_the_Christian_right_in_general" title="Christian reconstructionism">Reconstructionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_education_movement" title="Classical education movement">Classical education movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paideia" title="Paideia">Paideia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Dark Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Women in conservatism in the United States">Female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism#United_States" title="Green conservatism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States">Hispanic and Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_conservatism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT conservatism in the United States">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Republican" title="Libertarian Republican">Libertarian republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_militia_movement" title="American militia movement">Militia movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Monarchism in the United States">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and politics in the United States">Mormon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Prophecy" title="White Horse Prophecy">White Horse Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodemocracy" title="Theodemocracy">Theodemocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_rights_movement" title="Parental rights movement">Parental rights movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement" title="Fathers' rights movement">Fathers' rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_movement" title="Patriot movement">Patriot movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Patriot_movement" title="Christian Patriot movement">Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">Radical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_feminism" title="Reactionary feminism">Reactionary feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism#United_States" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_in_the_United_States" title="Secession in the United States">Secessionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederates" title="Neo-Confederates">Neo-Confederates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_secession_movements" title="Texas secession movements">in Texas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Never_Trump_movement" title="Never Trump movement">Never Trump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_47" title="Agenda 47">Agenda 47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Bibliography of conservatism in the United States">Bibliography of US conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_talk_radio" title="Conservative talk radio">Conservative talk radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunning_School" title="Dunning School">Dunning School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Republican Party (United States)">GOP factions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="History of conservatism in the United States">History of US conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_modern_American_conservatism" title="Timeline of modern American conservatism">Modern timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_conservatives" title="List of American conservatives">List of American conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservatism_Conference" title="National Conservatism Conference">NatCon</a></li> <li>Colloquialisms <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Barstool_conservatism" title="Barstool conservatism">Barstool conservatism</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cuckservative" title="Cuckservative">Cuckservative</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_immanentize_the_eschaton!" class="mw-redirect" title="Don't immanentize the eschaton!">Don't immanentize the eschaton!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicans_pounce" title="Republicans pounce">Republicans pounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_in_Name_Only" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican in Name Only">RINO</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/South_Park_Republican" title="South Park Republican">South Park Republican</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_US" title="Template talk:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF), formerly the Alliance Defense Fund, is an American <a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">conservative Christian</a> legal advocacy group<a href="#cite_note-company-profile-8">[8]</a> that works to expand Christian religious liberties and practices within public schools and in government,<a href="#cite_note-990-2008-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Human_Events-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_anti-abortion_movement" title="United States anti-abortion movement">outlaw abortion</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bennett-masterpiece-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-vile-adf-12">[12]</a> and oppose <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights">LGBTQ rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-splc-profile-13">[13]</a> ADF is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a>, with branch offices in several locations including <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, New York">New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-international-14">[14]</a> Its international subsidiary, Alliance Defending Freedom International, with headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria,<a href="#cite_note-adf-intl-about-15">[15]</a> operates in over 100 countries.<a href="#cite_note-adf-goes-global-16">[16]</a> ADF is one of the most organized and influential Christian legal interest groups in the United States<a href="#cite_note-bennett-17">[17]</a> based on its budget, caseload, network of allied attorneys, and connections to significant members of the <a href="/wiki/Political_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Political right">political right</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WaPoBlackstone-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-holden-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-eckholm-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a>, a former ADF attorney,<a href="#cite_note-johnson-christian-right-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-johnson-motherjones-22">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/October_2023_Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election" title="October 2023 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election">was elected</a> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House of Representatives</a> on October 25, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-2023-house-speaker-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-2023-johnson-cbs-24">[24]</a> Others who have been associated with ADF include <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> Justice <a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Amy Coney Barrett</a>,<a href="#cite_note-WaPoBlackstone-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-farris-barrett-25">[25]</a> former vice president <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a>,<a href="#cite_note-pence-advisory-26">[26]</a> former attorneys general <a href="/wiki/William_Barr" title="William Barr">William Barr</a><a href="#cite_note-barr-27">[27]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Jeff Sessions</a>,<a href="#cite_note-holden-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-sessions-adf-28">[28]</a> and Senator <a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Josh Hawley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hawley-blackstone-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-erin-hawley-fedsoc-30">[30]</a> ADF attorneys have argued a number of cases before the Supreme Court, taking positions including support for religious activity in public school and Christian prayer at <a href="/wiki/Town_meetings" class="mw-redirect" title="Town meetings">town meetings</a>, narrowing <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">insurance coverage</a> for <a href="/wiki/Contraception" class="mw-redirect" title="Contraception">contraceptives</a>, prohibiting <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>, and supporting businesses in the <a href="/wiki/Wedding_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding industry">wedding industry</a> that refuse to service gay marriages.<a href="#cite_note-wapo-powerhouse-31">[31]</a> ADF lawyers wrote the model for Mississippi's anti-abortion legislation, leading to the Supreme Court decision in <a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization</a> to overrule <a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a> that had established a <a href="/wiki/Right_to_abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to abortion">right to abortion</a> in America in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-adf-who-32">[32]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> (SPLC) designates ADF as an <a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBT_hate_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBT hate groups">anti-LGBT hate group</a>, saying in 2017 that since the <a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 2016">election</a> of President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> ADF had become "one of the most influential groups informing the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">[Trump] administration's</a> attack on <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ rights">LGBTQ rights</a>".<a href="#cite_note-splc-profile-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> The ADF has taken many anti-LGBT positions: it opposes <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Criminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Criminalization of homosexuality">decriminalization of same-sex sexual activity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights opposition">anti-discrimination laws</a>, and takes an active role in writing model anti-<a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> bills for state legislators.<a href="#cite_note-splc-profile-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-transrights-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-eu-sterilize-35">[35]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_structure">History and structure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and structure">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_and_Vonette_Bright.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bill_and_Vonette_Bright.jpg/125px-Bill_and_Vonette_Bright.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bill_and_Vonette_Bright.jpg/188px-Bill_and_Vonette_Bright.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Bill_and_Vonette_Bright.jpg/250px-Bill_and_Vonette_Bright.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1105" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Bright" title="Bill Bright">Bill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vonette_Bright" title="Vonette Bright">Vonette Bright</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Dobson_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/James_Dobson_1.jpg/125px-James_Dobson_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/James_Dobson_1.jpg/188px-James_Dobson_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/James_Dobson_1.jpg/250px-James_Dobson_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1950" data-file-height="2532" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">James Dobson</a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Co-founders of Alliance Defense Fund, the predecessor to Alliance Defending Freedom.</div></div></div></div> The Alliance Defense Fund was founded by members of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> movement to prevent what its founders saw as threats to religious liberty in American society.<a href="#cite_note-bennett-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-eckholm-20">[20]</a> ADF was incorporated in 1993<a href="#cite_note-corp-1">[1]</a> by six conservative Christian men, most of whom belonged to <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Christian">evangelical</a> movements.<a href="#cite_note-nbc-36">[36]</a> The co-founders were <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bright" title="Bill Bright">Bill Bright</a>, who also founded <a href="/wiki/Campus_Crusade_for_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Campus Crusade for Christ">Campus Crusade for Christ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Larry_Burkett" title="Larry Burkett">Larry Burkett</a>, an evangelical financial advisor; <a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">James Dobson</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a>; <a href="/wiki/D._James_Kennedy" title="D. James Kennedy">D. James Kennedy</a>, Evangelist pastor and founder of <a href="/wiki/Coral_Ridge_Ministries" class="mw-redirect" title="Coral Ridge Ministries">Coral Ridge Ministries</a>; <a href="/wiki/Marlin_Maddoux" title="Marlin Maddoux">Marlin Maddoux</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Christian_radio" title="Christian radio">Christian radio</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_personality" title="Radio personality">radio personality</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mark_D._Siljander" title="Mark D. Siljander">Mark Siljander</a>, former U.S. Congressman; and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Sears" title="Alan Sears">Alan Sears</a>, former director of the <a href="/wiki/Meese_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Meese Commission">Meese Commission</a> and a devout <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Catholic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-church-honor-37">[37]</a> In its early years, Alliance Defense Fund funded legal cases rather than litigating directly. It particularly targeted the work of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a>, which its founders saw as contributing to an erosion of <a href="/wiki/Christian_values" title="Christian values">Christian values</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eckholm-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-vile-adf-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-McFeely-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-aclu-agenda-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shift_to_direct_litigation">Shift to direct litigation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Shift to direct litigation">edit</a>]</div> The Alliance Defense Fund changed its name to Alliance Defending Freedom in 2012. The name change was intended to reflect the organization's shift in focus from funding allied attorneys to directly litigating cases.<a href="#cite_note-press-name-40">[40]</a> By 2014 the organization had more than 40 staff attorneys, and had "emerged as the largest legal force of the <a href="/wiki/Religious_right_in_the_United_States" title="Religious right in the United States">religious right</a>, arguing hundreds of pro bono cases across the country."<a href="#cite_note-eckholm-20">[20]</a> In 2014, ADF literature described part of its mission as "[seeking] to recover the robust <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendomic</a> theology of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th centuries."<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The ADF garnered national attention in its 2014 challenge to the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Burwell_v._Hobby_Lobby_Stores,_Inc." title="Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.">Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.</a>, the Court ruled that the <a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">birth control</a> mandate in employee funded health plans violated the <a href="/wiki/Religious_Freedom_Restoration_Act" title="Religious Freedom Restoration Act">Religious Freedom Restoration Act</a> of 1993<a href="#cite_note-sherry-44">[44]</a> since there existed a <a href="/wiki/Strict_scrutiny" title="Strict scrutiny">less restrictive means</a> of furthering the law's interest.<a href="#cite_note-burwell2022-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership_and_international_expansion">Leadership and international expansion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Leadership and international expansion">edit</a>]</div> The ADF's first president, CEO and Chief Counsel was Alan Sears, who was also a founder of the organization.<a href="#cite_note-adflegal.org-46">[46]</a> Sears has been described as "an ardent <a href="/wiki/Anti-pornography_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-pornography movement">antipornography</a> crusader",<a href="#cite_note-stengel-47">[47]</a> and had previously served as staff executive director of the <a href="/wiki/Reagan_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan administration">Reagan administration</a> Attorney General's Commission on Pornography, which produced the 1986 <a href="/wiki/Meese_Report" title="Meese Report">Meese Report</a>.<a href="#cite_note-meese-48">[48]</a> Sears led the organization for over 20 years, until 2017. From 2017 to 2022, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Farris_(lawyer)" title="Michael Farris (lawyer)">Michael Farris</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry_College" title="Patrick Henry College">Patrick Henry College</a>, was <a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a> of ADF. Farris lobbied Congress for the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Religious_Freedom_Restoration_Act" title="Religious Freedom Restoration Act">Religious Freedom Restoration Act</a> of 1993.<a href="#cite_note-adflegal.org-46">[46]</a> He has been closely associated with the Christian <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">homeschooling</a> movement since the 1980s and is the founder of the Christian organization <a href="/wiki/Home_School_Legal_Defense_Association" title="Home School Legal Defense Association">Home School Legal Defense Association</a>, which offers legal representation to home-schooling parents.<a href="#cite_note-vile-adf-12">[12]</a> In 2016, Farris voiced opposition to <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016">candidacy for president</a>, opining that "Trump most clearly fails the traditional standard championed by the Christian right on the subject of personal character."<a href="#cite_note-tulsa-farris-49">[49]</a> However, after Trump refused to concede the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a> and made false claims of voter fraud, Farris worked to <a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">overturn the election results</a>, drafting a legal complaint with Texas Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Ken_Paxton" title="Ken Paxton">Ken Paxton</a> in the unsuccessful case <a href="/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania" title="Texas v. Pennsylvania">Texas v. Pennsylvania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-draft-complaint-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-farris-election-51">[51]</a> On October 1, 2022, Kristen Waggoner succeeded Farris as CEO and President of ADF, retaining her role as General Counsel.<a href="#cite_note-2022CEO-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ADF_International">ADF International</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: ADF International">edit</a>]</div> Since 2010, ADF's global arm, ADF International, has been increasingly active around the world. In 2015, ADF International stated that it had been involved in "over 500 cases before national and international tribunals," in the United States of America, Argentina, Honduras, India, Mexico, Peru, the European Union Court and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.<a href="#cite_note-eu-filing-53">[53]</a> The organization reported 580 "ongoing legal matters" in fifty-one countries as of 2017,<a href="#cite_note-christian_army-54">[54]</a> and had a budget of $11.5 million worldwide in 2020–2021.<a href="#cite_note-Pegg-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-EU-budget2021-56">[56]</a> The organization established an affiliate group in India (ADF India) in 2012, headquartered in Delhi.<a href="#cite_note-adfindia-57">[57]</a> In addition, ADF is incorporated in a number of European countries under "ADF International": Belgium, Germany (as ADF International Deutschland), France, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and Austria (as ADF International Austria GmbH).<a href="#cite_note-audit2022-58">[58]</a> The organization also lobbies the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Parliament">European Union Parliament</a> via ADF International Belgium, which participates in the intergroup organization "Freedom of Religion and Religious Tolerance." As part of EU advocacy, its members have presented on issues including Christian minority persecution in Iraq and Myanmar.<a href="#cite_note-EU-budget2021-56">[56]</a> ADF International's budget was US$11.5 million (€9,489,000) in FY 2020–21.<a href="#cite_note-EU-budget2021-56">[56]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>, the organization spent about $9.8 million (€8.7 million) from 2008 to 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Pegg-55">[55]</a> In 2020, it reported a budget of about $2 million per year (£1.5 million), including approximately $430,000 on lobbying EU officials.<a href="#cite_note-Pegg-55">[55]</a> Its registered EU lobbying group, ADF International Belgium, had five employees and a $585,000 budget for the 2022-23 financial year.<a href="#cite_note-EU-budget2022-59">[59]</a> In its financial disclosure information, ADF International Belgium lists its source as a donation from Alliance Defending Freedom.<a href="#cite_note-EU-budget2022-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finances_and_donors">Finances and donors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Finances and donors">edit</a>]</div> ADF is a tax-exempt <a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(3)">501(c)(3)</a> organization.<a href="#cite_note-irseo-60">[60]</a> Net assets were approximately $49 million in 2020, $57 million in 2021, and $78.5 million in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-irs2020-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-irs2021-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-irs2022-6">[6]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] ADF won a Supreme Court case that ended California's requirement for non-profits to release the names of their major donors, <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Prosperity_Foundation_v._Bonta" title="Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta">Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta</a> (2021). Thus, while donors' identities are reported on federal tax returns, that information is not required to be made public under <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">IRS</a> regulations.<a href="#cite_note-disclosure-62">[62]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Servant_Foundation" title="Servant Foundation">Servant Foundation</a> donated over $50,000,000 to the Alliance Defending Freedom between 2018 and 2020, via the foundation's financial arm, The Signatry.<a href="#cite_note-servant-funding-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-media-blitz-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-CT-marketing-65">[65]</a> The most public use of these funds has been the "<a href="/wiki/He_Gets_Us" title="He Gets Us">He Gets Us</a>" campaign during <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a> commercial breaks.<a href="#cite_note-CNN-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-MSN-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPL-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-BI-69">[69]</a> Other donors include: the <a href="/wiki/David_Green_(entrepreneur)" title="David Green (entrepreneur)">Green family</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CNN-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-MSN-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPL-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-BI-69">[69]</a> the Covenant Foundation, the <a href="/wiki/Bolthouse_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolthouse Foundation">Bolthouse Foundation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BolthouseFoundation-70">[70]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Edgar_and_Elsa_Prince_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar and Elsa Prince Foundation">Edgar and Elsa Prince Foundation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-WASHSPEC-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Good_News_Club-5">[5]</a>: 84, 255  the <a href="/wiki/Richard_and_Helen_DeVos_Foundation" title="Richard and Helen DeVos Foundation">Richard and Helen DeVos Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bradley_Foundation" title="Bradley Foundation">Bradley Foundation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bolthouse-stmt-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-abortion-dorries-73">[73]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Koch" title="Charles Koch">Charles Koch</a> Institute.<a href="#cite_note-koch-cmd-74">[74]</a> The <a href="/wiki/M.J._Murdock_Charitable_Trust" title="M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust">M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust</a>, one of largest charities in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a>, donated nearly $1,000,000 to ADF from 2007 to 2016.<a href="#cite_note-vancouver-anti-trans-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litigation_positions">Litigation positions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Litigation positions">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_court_cases_involving_Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="List of court cases involving Alliance Defending Freedom">List of court cases involving Alliance Defending Freedom</a></div>ADF's positions include supporting religion in public institutions, opposing LGBTQ rights, opposing abortion and contraception, and other positions aligned with conservative Christianity in the United States.<div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:gray; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 106.48918403248px; border-left-color:white"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:white"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:white"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:87.630668004386px 48.175367410172px 0 0; border-top-color:lightskyblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:lightskyblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 307.76835371753px 100px 0; border-right-color:purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:purple"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Issue advocacy as a function of press releases (2017)<a href="#cite_note-bennett-masterpiece-11">[11]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Religious liberty (45%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Opposition to <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a> (22%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Opposition to <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> (21%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Not specified (12%)</div> </div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion_in_public_institutions">Religion in public institutions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Religion in public institutions">edit</a>]</div> According to materials for its donors, ADF seeks to spread a belief in "the framers' original intent for the <a href="/wiki/US_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="US Constitution">US Constitution</a> and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Bill_of_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> as it reflects God's natural law and God's higher law."<a href="#cite_note-990-2008-9">[9]</a> Before taking the oath of office as Speaker of the House of Representatives, current<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit">[update]</a>, former ADF lawyer <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a> stated, "The Bible is very clear that God is the one that raises up those in authority ... each of you, all of us."<a href="#cite_note-johnson-christian-right-21">[21]</a> The organization pursues "strategies for reclaiming the judicial system as it was originally envisioned," most notably through litigation.<a href="#cite_note-990-2008-9">[9]</a> The ADF has been involved in several <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> cases that would permit use of public buildings and public funds for religious purposes, such as <a href="/wiki/Rosenberger_v._University_of_Virginia" title="Rosenberger v. University of Virginia">Rosenberger v. University of Virginia</a> (1995) and <a href="/wiki/Good_News_Club_v._Milford_Central_School" title="Good News Club v. Milford Central School">Good News Club v. Milford Central School</a> (2001). ADF also supports allowing Christian <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a> at public town meetings (see <a href="/wiki/Town_of_Greece_v._Galloway" title="Town of Greece v. Galloway">Town of Greece v. Galloway</a>) and the use of religious displays (such as <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">crosses</a> and other religious monuments) in public buildings and on <a href="/wiki/Public_land" title="Public land">public lands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Human_Events-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Religion_in_schools">Religion in schools</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Religion in schools">edit</a>]</div> ADF has argued that parents who object to <a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">sex education</a> on religious grounds should have the right to opt not to have their children attend.<a href="#cite_note-Human_Events-10">[10]</a> The organization has been involved in many <a href="/wiki/List_of_court_cases_involving_Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="List of court cases involving Alliance Defending Freedom">cases</a> religious practice in public schools. In <a href="/wiki/Good_News_Club_v._Milford_Central_School" title="Good News Club v. Milford Central School">Good News Club v. Milford Central School</a> (2001), for example, the ADF was part of a case in which the Supreme Court ruled that religious clubs must be afforded equal access to use public school facilities.<a href="#cite_note-religious-clubs-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Christian-only_adoption">Christian-only adoption</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Christian-only adoption">edit</a>]</div> In 2022, ADF took on a case defending a Tennessee-based Christian <a href="/wiki/Adoption_agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Adoption agency">adoption agency</a> that refused to work with Jewish prospective parents.<a href="#cite_note-TN-adopt-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-TN-nyt-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-tn-apnews-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian-TN-80">[80]</a> The case, which names the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Tennessee">State of Tennessee</a> as a defendant for its law permitting religious organizations to reject applicants based on faith, was dismissed on technical grounds.<a href="#cite_note-mattise-dismiss-81">[81]</a> As of late July 2022, the case is being appealed to the Tennessee Court of Appeals on behalf of the couple and several other plaintiffs.<a href="#cite_note-mattise-dismiss-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-AU-82">[82]</a> On August 24, 2023, the Tennessee Court of Appeals reversed the trial-court panel's decision, agreeing that the Rutan-Rams and all the other plaintiffs have the right to bring the lawsuit. The Tennessee Department of Children's Services then filed an application seeking review of the case by the Tennessee Supreme Court. Commenting on an earlier case in South Carolina, an ADF spokesperson expressed support for an <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical</a> foster care provider in South Carolina that rejects Jewish prospective parents, as well as LGBTQ people, atheists, and other non-Christians.<a href="#cite_note-miracle-hill-adl-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-barred-84">[84]</a> The agency, Miracle Hill Ministries, is the largest foster and adoption agency in South Carolina and receives public funding; its president has stated that its religious discrimination policy is justified, because "We look like a social service agency, but we're a community of Christ followers and our faith in Christ is the most important part of who we are."<a href="#cite_note-davis-gvonline-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-exemption-86">[86]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> woman sued the agency after being rejected on the basis of religion, but the agency later changed its rules to permit "Catholics who affirm Miracle Hill's doctrinal statement in belief and practice to serve as foster parents and employees."<a href="#cite_note-catholic-accepted-87">[87]</a> At the request of South Carolina governor <a href="/wiki/Henry_McMaster" title="Henry McMaster">Henry McMaster</a>, the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> granted the organization a waiver of federal non-discrimination law. An ADF spokesperson indicated that the organization is "grateful [to] HHS and South Carolina" for granting the waiver, which allows the agency to continue to restrict fostering and adoption work to those who endorse evangelical beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-miracle-hill-adl-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-barred-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-miracle-hill-foster-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposing_LGBTQ_rights">Opposing LGBTQ rights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Opposing LGBTQ rights">edit</a>]</div> In 2003, ADF unsuccessfully called for the <a href="/wiki/Criminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Criminalization of homosexuality">recriminalization of homosexual acts</a> in the U.S. (<a href="/wiki/Sodomy_laws_in_the_United_States#Up_to_Lawrence_v._Texas" title="Sodomy laws in the United States">prior to 1962, sodomy had been a felony in every U.S. state</a>), filing a Supreme Court brief supporting Texas' <a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">sodomy law</a> in the landmark <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_v._Texas" title="Lawrence v. Texas">Lawrence v. Texas</a> case which declared sodomy laws unconstitutional; it linked <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pedophilia" title="Pedophilia">pedophilia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-splc-profile-13">[13]</a> ADF also opposes <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">civil unions</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/LGBT_adoption" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT adoption">adoption by same-sex couples</a>, based on its leaders' "belief that God created men, women, and families such that children thrive best in homes with a married mother and father."<a href="#cite_note-churches-face-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> ADF provided legal support to the defendants in two Supreme Court cases dealing with the intersection of freedom of religion against Colorado's anti-discrimination laws for public-serving businesses, <a href="/wiki/Masterpiece_Cakeshop_v._Colorado_Civil_Rights_Commission" title="Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission">Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission</a> (2018) and <a href="/wiki/303_Creative_LLC_v._Elenis" title="303 Creative LLC v. Elenis">303 Creative LLC v. Elenis</a> (2022); in both cases, the underlying issue was whether Christian business owners, under the anti-discrimination law, were compelled to create works with LGBT messaging that they said went against their Christian faith. In 2021, the Supreme Court declined to consider an appeal from ADF attorneys on behalf of a <a href="/wiki/Arlene%27s_Flowers_lawsuit" title="Arlene's Flowers lawsuit">florist who refused to serve her clients' same-sex wedding</a>, with three of the nine justices indicating they were willing to hear the case.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> The organization has worked internationally to prevent decriminalization of homosexuality in Jamaica and Belize.<a href="#cite_note-Compton-92">[92]</a> The SPLC has reported on ADF support for a <a href="/wiki/Sodomy_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodomy Law">law criminalizing same-sex sexual acts</a> in <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Belize">Belize</a> (ruled unconstitutional in 2016).<a href="#cite_note-belize-splc-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The ADF denied playing any role in the case.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> In the United Kingdom, ADF International advocated in favor of a mother's custody of her child, against the custody of the child's father and his same-sex partner.<a href="#cite_note-christian_army-54">[54]</a> ADF also has links to the former prime minister of Australia, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a>, an outspoken opponent of the legalization of same-sex marriage in Australia. Abbott gave a speech to ADF regarding marriage in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-abc.net.au-96">[96]</a> ADF opposes <a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_movement" title="Transgender rights movement">transgender rights</a> based on an idea that "God creates each person with an immutable biological sex — male or female..."<a href="#cite_note-statement_of_faith-97">[97]</a> The organization has litigated against transgender employment protections, access to bathrooms, and participation in sports for transgender people. Members of ADF also authored model legislation for <a href="/wiki/Bathroom_bills" class="mw-redirect" title="Bathroom bills">bathroom bills</a> in the United States, aimed at restricting transgender people's use of public bathrooms.<a href="#cite_note-transrights-34">[34]</a> In 2020, the ADF lost a Supreme Court case in which they argued that employers should be allowed to discriminate against transgender people. ADF attorneys defended a funeral home that fired a trans employee in the Supreme Court case, <a href="/wiki/R.G._%26_G.R._Harris_Funeral_Homes_Inc._v._Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" title="R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes Inc. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes Inc. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a>, losing in a 6–3 vote.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> The organization has worked to prevent transgender athletes from <a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_sports" title="Transgender people in sports">playing sports</a> with the gender they identify with, through lawsuits and by lobbying state legislatures.<a href="#cite_note-girls-sports-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In April 2022, ADF-affiliated lawyers defended a professor at <a href="/wiki/Shawnee_State_University" title="Shawnee State University">Shawnee State University</a>, Ohio, who refused to use <a href="/wiki/Misgendering" class="mw-redirect" title="Misgendering">preferred pronouns</a> when referring to a <a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights">transgender</a> student; the university agreed to a $400,000 settlement with the professor.<a href="#cite_note-anti-trans-prof-101">[101]</a> In Europe, ADF International has supported mandatory genital surgery (and consequent <a href="/wiki/Sterilization_(medicine)#Promoted_sterilization" title="Sterilization (medicine)">sterilization</a>) of transgender people before they are allowed to change the gender marker on government <a href="/wiki/Identification_documents" class="mw-redirect" title="Identification documents">IDs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eu-sterilize-35">[35]</a> However, a decision by the European Court of Human Rights, A.P., Garçon and Nicot v. France, has led France, Greece, Portugal, and several other countries to allow non-medical pathways to gender marker change.<a href="#cite_note-tlmr-102">[102]</a> In June 2022 several groups opposing trans rights, including Alliance Defending Freedom, <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Declaration_International" title="Women's Declaration International">WDI USA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Council" title="Family Research Council">Family Research Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Liberation_Front" title="Women's Liberation Front">Women's Liberation Front</a>, organized an anti-trans rally in Washington D.C.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> In June 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> ruled in favor of the plaintiff, represented by ADF, for the <a href="/wiki/303_Creative_LLC_v._Elenis" title="303 Creative LLC v. Elenis">303 Creative LLC v. Elenis</a> case.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> The ruling sparked widespread criticism regarding whether the plaintiff lacked standing.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> These criticisms prompted several articles myth-busting the attackers on the plaintiff's standing.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposing_abortion,_birth_control,_and_euthanasia">Opposing abortion, birth control, and euthanasia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Opposing abortion, birth control, and euthanasia">edit</a>]</div> ADF has long opposed <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>, and has litigated to restrict access to abortion and contraception in the US and in other countries. In the 2022 decision <a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization</a>, the Supreme Court upheld a Mississippi law that was the nation's first-ever 15-week abortion ban, thereby overturning <a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a> (1973) and <a href="/wiki/Planned_Parenthood_v._Casey" title="Planned Parenthood v. Casey">Planned Parenthood v. Casey</a> (1992). The Mississippi law was based on ADF's model legislation, specifically designed to provoke a legal challenge that would be appealed to the ultraconservative <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals">Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals</a>, and then to the Supreme Court.<a href="#cite_note-nation-dobbs-121">[121]</a> ADF lawyers served on the Mississippi Attorney General's legal team to defend the ban.<a href="#cite_note-adf-who-32">[32]</a> That strategy succeeded in ending the legal right to abortion in the United States, and giving states the power to restrict or ban medical care related to pregnancy termination. The ADF has links to at least one Justice of the Supreme Court, <a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Amy Coney Barrett</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WaPoBlackstone-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-farris-barrett-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-adfindia-57">[57]</a> The ADF represents the Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine in <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Hippocratic_Medicine_v._US_Food_and_Drug_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine v. US Food and Drug Administration">Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine v. US Food and Drug Administration</a>,<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-shadow-medical-123">[123]</a> a case where the plaintiff has challenged the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">U.S Food and Drug Agency's</a> longstanding approval of <a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">mifepristone</a>, a drug frequently used in <a href="/wiki/Medical_abortion" title="Medical abortion">medical abortion</a> procedures.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> One of its most notable legal battles was a 2014 case challenging the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Burwell_v._Hobby_Lobby_Stores,_Inc." title="Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.">Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.</a>, the Court ruled that the birth control mandate in employee-funded health plans when the company is "closely-held" violated the <a href="/wiki/Religious_Freedom_Restoration_Act" title="Religious Freedom Restoration Act">Religious Freedom Restoration Act</a> of 1993. The case set a precedent for allowing corporations and individuals to make religious claims for exemption from laws and regulations based on a religious freedom argument.<a href="#cite_note-sherry-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">United States Supreme Court</a> held that privately held <a href="/wiki/Corporations" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporations">corporations</a> could be <a href="/wiki/Religious_exemption" title="Religious exemption">exempt</a> from <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a> regulations if the owners asserted religiously objections, basing the decision on the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993. The decision meant that many employers could decide not to cover contraceptives through their health insurance plans.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> In 2014, lawyers from the organization represented parents who wanted public schools to remove pages from a biology textbook that mentioned abortion and <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexually transmitted diseases">sexually transmitted diseases</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gilbert-sex-ed-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_anti-abortion_work">International anti-abortion work</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: International anti-abortion work">edit</a>]</div> ADF has led an international campaign to influence and restrict the right to abortion.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The organization takes the position that <a href="/wiki/Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare">healthcare</a> workers have a right to refuse to provide care for abortion and other practices the individual finds morally objectionable.<a href="#cite_note-hobby-decision-134">[134]</a> ADF has backed anti-abortion causes in Ireland,<a href="#cite_note-christian_army-54">[54]</a> El Salvador, Colombia, Poland and Sweden.<a href="#cite_note-dark_money-135">[135]</a> In the United Kingdom, the group has campaigned against <a href="/wiki/Legal_protection_of_access_to_abortion" title="Legal protection of access to abortion">buffer zones</a> around abortion clinics.<a href="#cite_note-uk-spending-136">[136]</a> In Sweden, a midwife, Ellinor Grimmark, sued the province of <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6nk%C3%B6ping_County" title="Jönköping County">Jönköping</a> for discrimination because she was refused employment when, citing "freedom of conscience", she refused to give <a href="/wiki/Morning-after_pills" class="mw-redirect" title="Morning-after pills">morning-after pills</a>, perform abortions, or put in copper <a href="/wiki/IUDs" class="mw-redirect" title="IUDs">IUDs</a>. She lost both her hearing before the Discrimination Ombudsman, and at the Jönköping district court.<a href="#cite_note-barnmorskor-137">[137]</a> The proceedings in the Labor Court of Sweden began on January 24, 2017, and her case received both legal and financial aid from ADF. Grimmark's legal representative, Ruth Nordström, was a registered partner of ADF,<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> and both Grimmark and Nordström participated in ADFs marketing films.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Nordström co-wrote an opinion piece opposing abortion rights with an ADF representative for <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Television" title="Sveriges Television">Sveriges Television</a>, Sweden's national public television broadcaster.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Campaigns_against_assisted_suicide">Campaigns against assisted suicide</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Campaigns against assisted suicide">edit</a>]</div> The ADF has campaigned against the legalization of <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_euthanasia" title="Voluntary euthanasia">voluntary euthanasia</a> in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-uk-spending-136">[136]</a> The group has also challenged the right to euthanasia in Belgium, before the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-belgium-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> ADF India also campaigns against assisted suicide and euthanasia.<a href="#cite_note-adfindia2-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="COVID-19_restriction_cases">COVID-19 restriction cases</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: COVID-19 restriction cases">edit</a>]</div> ADF has opposed government measures aimed at stopping the spread of COVID-19 in the United States and in other countries. In the US, ADF partnered with <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Wire" title="The Daily Wire">The Daily Wire</a> in a legal challenge against the Biden administration's <a href="/wiki/Biden_Administration_COVID-19_action_plan#OSHA_COVID-19_Vaccination_Emergency_Temporary_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden Administration COVID-19 action plan">OSHA vaccine mandate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-block-vaccine-144">[144]</a> In Uganda, ADF joined a Texas libertarian organization in backing a campaign to end restrictions on large gatherings that the government had implemented to reduce <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> spread.<a href="#cite_note-covid-misinformation-145">[145]</a> ADF brought legal challenges against the Ugandan government's regulations on large gatherings.<a href="#cite_note-uganda-worship-covid-146">[146]</a> In Scotland, ADF fought against COVID-19 regulations on large gatherings, claiming that the measures were unfair to religious groups.<a href="#cite_note-open-doors-covid-147">[147]</a> The ADF-backed lawsuit won in Scotland's high court. A poll commissioned by the Humanist Society showed that more than three-quarters of Scots were opposed to the church's reopening and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> distanced itself from the legal action, saying that they accepted measures to prevent COVID-19 spread.<a href="#cite_note-scotland-covid-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-profit_donor_disclosure">Non-profit donor disclosure</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Non-profit donor disclosure">edit</a>]</div> In the US Supreme Court decision <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Prosperity_Foundation_v._Bonta" title="Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta">Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta</a> (2021), ADF argued that non-profits should not be required to disclose the identities of their donors on California state tax returns. Donors who gave more than $5,000 or 2% of the total donations to a non-profit in a year were to be named on the state returns. In a victory for ADF, the court struck down the disclosure law as unconstitutional.<a href="#cite_note-disclosure-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other activities">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blackstone_Legal_Fellowship">Blackstone Legal Fellowship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Blackstone Legal Fellowship">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Legal_Fellowship" title="Blackstone Legal Fellowship">Blackstone Legal Fellowship</a></div> Blackstone Legal Fellowship, named after the English jurist <a href="/wiki/William_Blackstone" title="William Blackstone">William Blackstone</a>, is ADF's summer legal training program. It was founded in 2000 for the purpose of preparing Christian law students for professional legal careers. The first class comprised 24 interns.<a href="#cite_note-dexter-149">[149]</a> The program is made up of interns, called Fellows, from a diverse selection of law schools as well as elite institutions such as Harvard and Yale.<a href="#cite_note-dexter-149">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Amy Coney Barrett</a>, who went on to be Associate Justice of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>, was a paid speaker at Blackstone on five occasions between 2013 and 2017.<a href="#cite_note-WaPoBlackstone-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_campaigns">Public campaigns</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Public campaigns">edit</a>]</div> In 2003 the ADF launched the "Christmas Project", aiming to discourage non-Christian holidays from being celebrated and to promote Christmas celebrations in public schools.<a href="#cite_note-The_Christian_Post-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-oreilly-donate-151">[151]</a> The annual initiative was organized in an effort to prevent school districts from holding secular holiday celebrations, or what the organization called the "censorship of Christmas". In its press release ADF singled out the American Civil Liberties Union as the chief target of the campaign.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> By 2004, the organization had contacted 3,600 school districts to inform them that they were not required by the Constitution to have holiday celebrations inclusive of all religions.<a href="#cite_note-The_Christian_Post-150">[150]</a> In 2005 the ADF and <a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a> began sponsoring a counter-protest called the Day of Truth (later called "<a href="/wiki/Day_of_Dialogue" title="Day of Dialogue">Day of Dialogue</a>") to oppose the annual <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Silence" title="Day of Silence">Day of Silence</a>, an annual event to promote awareness of anti-LGBT bullying and harassment in schools. The ADF asserted that 1,100 students from 350 schools participated in ADF's event, which ADF billed as a response to the "<a href="/wiki/Homosexual_agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual agenda">homosexual agenda</a>".<a href="#cite_note-day-of-stats-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Church_political_activity_and_tax_exemption">Church political activity and tax exemption</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Church political activity and tax exemption">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulpit_Freedom_Sunday_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pulpit_Freedom_Sunday_2011.jpg/325px-Pulpit_Freedom_Sunday_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="325" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pulpit_Freedom_Sunday_2011.jpg/488px-Pulpit_Freedom_Sunday_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pulpit_Freedom_Sunday_2011.jpg/650px-Pulpit_Freedom_Sunday_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1257" data-file-height="703" /></a><figcaption>Pulpit Freedom Sunday in 2011</figcaption></figure> In 2008, ADF launched the first <a href="/wiki/Pulpit_Freedom_Sunday" title="Pulpit Freedom Sunday">Pulpit Freedom Sunday</a> to promote political messaging and endorsements in Christian pastors' sermons in defiance of the prohibition on political endorsements by non-profit 501(c)(3) organizations under the 1954 <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Amendment" title="Johnson Amendment">Johnson Amendment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-johnson-amend-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-eckholm-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-vile-johnson-155">[155]</a> The practice of political endorsement is not broadly accepted within the evangelical community, with most Evangelical pastors opposed as of 2017.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pulpit_Freedom_Sunday" title="Pulpit Freedom Sunday">Pulpit Freedom Sunday</a> is an initiative aimed to overturn the <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Amendment" title="Johnson Amendment">Johnson Amendment</a>, which restricts political campaigning by tax-exempt non-profit organizations, which includes most churches. According to The New York Times, ADF's campaign is "perhaps its most aggressive effort."<a href="#cite_note-eckholm-20">[20]</a> In the first year about 35 pastors participated, in what they consider an act of civil disobedience, endorsing political candidates in their sermons and defying the Internal Revenue Service regulations. In Minnesota, Reverend Gus Booth encouraged his congregation to vote for <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lampman-157">[157]</a> As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit">[update]</a>, participation in the event had grown to about 1,800 pastors. The IRS indicated that it would increase enforcement of the Johnson Amendment.<a href="#cite_note-kumar-158">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> Principal concerns of the ADF have been <a href="/wiki/Abortion_law" title="Abortion law">prohibiting abortion</a> and opposing <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">gay rights</a>. Several founding members wrote books condemning <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a>, including longtime president Alan Sears, who authored the 2003 book The Homosexual Agenda,<a href="#cite_note-sears-agenda-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-sessions_task_force-160">[160]</a> and Marlin Malloux, who wrote 1994's Answers to the Gay Deception.<a href="#cite_note-gay-deception-161">[161]</a> D. James Kennedy dismissed same-sex marriage as "counterfeit"<a href="#cite_note-firewall-162">[162]</a> and promoted pseudoscientific <a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">conversion therapy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-kennedy-same-sex-163">[163]</a> while helped launch a ministry aiming to help gay people "overcome" homosexuality.<a href="#cite_note-dobson-exodus-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-love-out-165">[165]</a> Some opponents of the Pulpit Freedom Sunday movement have voiced concern about permitting churches to endorse politicians because it would allow political donors to remain anonymous and to get tax breaks for their donations.<a href="#cite_note-declaw-166">[166]</a> Unlike other <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">non-profits</a>, churches aren't required to make financial disclosures, so churches endorsing politicians could act as funnels for anonymous campaign donations, or "<a href="/wiki/Dark_money" title="Dark money">dark money</a>".<a href="#cite_note-vile-johnson-155">[155]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> listed the organization as an extremist anti-LGBTQ hate group in 2016. The group's designation "was a judgment call that went all the way up to top leadership at the SPLC."<a href="#cite_note-postmag-167">[167]</a> According to the SPLC, the ADF was included on the list due to the group's filing of an <a href="/wiki/Amicus_brief" class="mw-redirect" title="Amicus brief">amicus brief</a> in the 2003 U.S. Supreme Court case <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_v._Texas" title="Lawrence v. Texas">Lawrence v. Texas</a>, in which the ADF expressed support for upholding the state's right to criminalize consensual sexual acts between people of the same sex.<a href="#cite_note-nbc-36">[36]</a> The SPLC has described the ADF as "virulently <a href="/wiki/Anti-gay" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-gay">anti-gay</a>".<a href="#cite_note-splc-profile-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-war_on_krishna-168">[168]</a> The SPLC describes the group's mission as "making life as difficult as possible for LGBT communities in the U.S. and internationally."<a href="#cite_note-nbc-36">[36]</a> The ADF has opposed its inclusion on the SPLC's list, with senior counsel Jeremy Tedesco describing it as "a stranglehold on conservative and religious groups that is just hovering over us and that can continue to constrict and limit our ability to simply voice our opinion."<a href="#cite_note-postmag-167">[167]</a> Farris has called the SPLC's designation of ADF as a hate group a "troubling smear" and "slander".<a href="#cite_note-nat-review-169">[169]</a> In July 2017, U.S. sitting Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Jeff Sessions</a> attended ADF's Summit on Religious Liberty. Sessions said, "While your clients vary from pastors to nuns to geologists, all of us benefit from your good work." LGBTQ rights groups criticized Sessions for his participation at the event. <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Holden" title="Dominic Holden">Dominic Holden</a> wrote in <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed_News" title="BuzzFeed News">BuzzFeed News</a> that ADF's growing influence within the federal government can be attributed to Sessions' support.<a href="#cite_note-sessions-adf-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-holden-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associated_people">Associated people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Associated people">edit</a>]</div> The following people are currently or have been affiliated or associated with ADF: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-gap: 2.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a>, former prime minister of Australia<a href="#cite_note-abc.net.au-96">[96]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barr" title="William Barr">William Barr</a>, former US Attorney General under <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, ADF Award recipient in 2021<a href="#cite_note-barr-27">[27]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Amy Coney Barrett</a>, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, paid speaker at Blackstone Legal Fellowship<a href="#cite_note-WaPoBlackstone-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-farris-barrett-25">[25]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Bright" title="Bill Bright">Bill Bright</a> founder of <a href="/wiki/Campus_Crusade_for_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Campus Crusade for Christ">Campus Crusade for Christ</a> and ADF<a href="#cite_note-founders-170">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Budziszewski" title="J. Budziszewski">J. Budziszewski</a>, professor, member of advisory board of Blackstone<a href="#cite_note-blackstone-171">[171]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Burkett" title="Larry Burkett">Larry Burkett</a> founder of <a href="/wiki/Crown_Financial_Ministries" title="Crown Financial Ministries">Crown Financial Ministries</a> and ADF<a href="#cite_note-founders-170">[170]</a></li> <li>Paul Coleman, executive director of ADF International<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapman_B._Cox" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapman B. Cox">Chapman B. Cox</a>, former General Counsel of the United States Department of Defense, ADF chairman emeritus<a href="#cite_note-leadership-173">[173]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Dannenfelser" title="Marjorie Dannenfelser">Marjorie Dannenfelser</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan B. Anthony List">Susan B. Anthony List</a> and member of ADF Board<a href="#cite_note-leadership-173">[173]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">James Dobson</a> founder of <a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a> and ADF<a href="#cite_note-founders-170">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Duncan_(judge)" title="Kyle Duncan (judge)">Kyle Duncan</a>, judge appointed by Trump to the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Circuit">Fifth Circuit</a> Court of Appeals, speaker for ADF in 2007, 2008, and 2009<a href="#cite_note-duncan-bio-174">[174]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Farris_(lawyer)" title="Michael Farris (lawyer)">Michael Farris</a>, president and CEO from 2017 to 2022<a href="#cite_note-adflegal.org-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-2022CEO-52">[52]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_A._French" class="mw-redirect" title="David A. French">David A. French</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> columnist, former Senior Counsel at ADF, formerly a journalist at <a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a><a href="#cite_note-ross-175">[175]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._George" title="Robert P. George">Robert P. George</a>, legal scholar, member of Blackstone Advisory Board<a href="#cite_note-blackstone-171">[171]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Glendon" title="Mary Ann Glendon">Mary Ann Glendon</a>, former U. S. Ambassador to the Holy See, member of Blackstone Advisory Board<a href="#cite_note-blackstone-171">[171]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erin_Hawley" title="Erin Hawley">Erin Hawley</a>, ADF senior counsel (spouse of Senator Josh Hawley)<a href="#cite_note-erin-hawley-fedsoc-30">[30]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Josh Hawley</a>, U.S. Senator for Missouri, former member of Blackstone Fellowship<a href="#cite_note-hawley-blackstone-29">[29]</a> (spouse of Erin Hawley)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a>, former ADF attorney, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives (Representative of Louisiana)<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-2023-johnson-cbs-24">[24]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Juneau" title="Michael J. Juneau">Michael J. Juneau</a>, judge of the U.S. District Court, Western District of Louisiana<a href="#cite_note-broach-177">[177]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._James_Kennedy" title="D. James Kennedy">D. James Kennedy</a> founder of <a href="/wiki/Coral_Ridge_Presbyterian_Church" title="Coral Ridge Presbyterian Church">Coral Ridge Ministries</a> and ADF<a href="#cite_note-founders-170">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_LiMandri" title="Charles LiMandri">Charles LiMandri</a>, attorney associated with the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Soledad_cross_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Soledad cross controversy">Mount Soledad Cross lawsuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin_Maddoux" title="Marlin Maddoux">Marlin Maddoux</a> president, International Christian Media and ADF founder<a href="#cite_note-founders-170">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Edwin Meese</a>, former Attorney General of the United States, member of Blackstone Advisory Board<a href="#cite_note-blackstone-171">[171]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a>, former Vice President of the United States; appointed former ADF President Michael Farris to his Advancing American Freedom Advisory Board<a href="#cite_note-pence-advisory-26">[26]</a></li> <li>William Pew, co-founder of ADF<a href="#cite_note-founders-170">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Pickering" title="Charles W. Pickering">Charles W. Pickering</a>, former judge for the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Circuit">Fifth Circuit</a> Court of Appeals, ADF Board member<a href="#cite_note-leadership-173">[173]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Rice" title="Charles E. Rice">Charles E. Rice</a>, legal scholar, member of Blackstone Advisory Board<a href="#cite_note-blackstone-171">[171]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Jones_Rushing" title="Allison Jones Rushing">Allison Jones Rushing</a>, judge of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Circuit">Fourth Circuit</a> Court of Appeals<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-2019-03-06-nbc-179">[179]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sandlin" title="Andrew Sandlin">Andrew Sandlin</a>, Christian minister, faculty member at Blackstone<a href="#cite_note-blackstone-171">[171]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Seabaugh" title="Alan Seabaugh">Alan Seabaugh</a>, member of Louisiana legislature, ADF-allied attorney<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sears" title="Alan Sears">Alan Sears</a>, attorney, and founder and first president and CEO of ADF</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Jeff Sessions</a>, former U.S. Attorney General under Donald Trump and U.S. Senator for Alabama<a href="#cite_note-holden-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-sessions-adf-28">[28]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantley_Starr" title="Brantley Starr">Brantley Starr</a>, United States district judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas">United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Starr" title="Ken Starr">Ken Starr</a>, judge and <a href="/wiki/Independent_counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent counsel">independent counsel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Clinton_impeachment" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton impeachment">Clinton impeachment</a>, member of ADF's Supreme Court Advisory Council<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_VanDyke" title="Lawrence VanDyke">Lawrence VanDyke</a>, federal judge for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Court of Appeals">Ninth Circuit</a>, former ADF legal intern and law student training panelist<a href="#cite_note-vandyke-183">[183]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Waggoner" title="Kristen Waggoner">Kristen Waggoner</a>, ADF President and CEO as of 2022</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Wardlow" title="Doug Wardlow">Doug Wardlow</a>, former Minnesota legislator, former lawyer at ADF<a href="#cite_note-Bierschbach-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/26px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/39px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/52px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Center_for_Law_and_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="American Center for Law and Justice">American Center for Law and Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Justice_Institute" title="Pacific Justice Institute">Pacific Justice Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Individual_Rights" title="Center for Individual Rights">Center for Individual Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Legal_Society" title="Christian Legal Society">Christian Legal Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Counsel" title="Liberty Counsel">Liberty Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_2025" title="Project 2025">Project 2025</a><a href="#cite_note-Project2025-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mascaro-20234-187">[187]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_Defense_Act" title="First Amendment Defense Act">First Amendment Defense Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Marriage_Amendment" title="Federal Marriage Amendment">Marriage Protection Amendment</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> Notes <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-corp-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-corp_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-corp_1-1">b</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sccefile.scc.virginia.gov/Business/0406991">Alliance Defending Freedom</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918201155/https://sccefile.scc.virginia.gov/Business/0406991">Archived</a> September 18, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Business Entity Details. State Corporation Commission. Commonwealth of Virginia. Retrieved September 9, 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-990-2013-2"><a href="#cite_ref-990-2013_2-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFeddernEckman2015" class="citation cs1">Feddern, Mark; Eckman, Jacqueline (May 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170615221816/http://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2014/541/660/2014-541660459-0b80fce4-9.pdf">Return of organization exempt from income tax 2013: Alliance Defending Freedom</a> (PDF) (<a href="/wiki/Form_990" title="Form 990">Form 990</a>). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_December_6#Template:EIN" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 December 6">‹See Tfd›</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/EIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EIN (identifier)">EIN</a> 541660459. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2014/541/660/2014-541660459-0b80fce4-9.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on June 15, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Guidestar" class="mw-redirect" title="Guidestar">Guidestar</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Return+of+organization+exempt+from+income+tax+2013%3A+Alliance+Defending+Freedom&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.aulast=Feddern&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Eckman%2C+Jacqueline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guidestar.org%2FFinDocuments%2F2014%2F541%2F660%2F2014-541660459-0b80fce4-9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-irs2020-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-irs2020_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-irs2020_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-irs2020_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/541660459">"Alliance Defending Freedom - Nonprofit Explorer"</a>. ProPublica. May 18, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425042116/https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/541660459">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2022. Retrieved March 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alliance+Defending+Freedom+-+Nonprofit+Explorer&rft.pub=ProPublica&rft.date=2021-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojects.propublica.org%2Fnonprofits%2Forganizations%2F541660459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-waggoner-ceo-4"><a href="#cite_ref-waggoner-ceo_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adflegal.org/press-release/adf-names-new-president-ceo">"ADF names new president, CEO"</a>. adflegal.org. Alliance Defending Freedom. August 19, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004201805/https://adflegal.org/press-release/adf-names-new-president-ceo">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2022. Retrieved October 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=adflegal.org&rft.atitle=ADF+names+new+president%2C+CEO&rft.date=2022-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadflegal.org%2Fpress-release%2Fadf-names-new-president-ceo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Good_News_Club-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Good_News_Club_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Good_News_Club_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2011" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Katherine (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goodnewsclubchri0000stew">The Good News Club: The Christian Right's Stealth Assault on America's Children</a>. PublicAffairs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1586488437" title="Special:BookSources/978-1586488437"><bdi>978-1586488437</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Good+News+Club%3A+The+Christian+Right%27s+Stealth+Assault+on+America%27s+Children&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1586488437&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoodnewsclubchri0000stew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-irs2022-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-irs2022_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-irs2022_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-irs2022_6-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgglestonCapin_Crouse_LLC2023" class="citation cs1">Eggleston, Rebecca; Capin Crouse LLC (May 11, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/541660459/202331319349305353/full">Return of organization exempt from income tax 2021: Alliance Defending Freedom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Form_990" title="Form 990">Form 990</a>). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248666159"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_December_6#Template:EIN" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 December 6">‹See Tfd›</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/EIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EIN (identifier)">EIN</a> 541660459. Retrieved August 12, 2023 – via <a href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Return+of+organization+exempt+from+income+tax+2021%3A+Alliance+Defending+Freedom&rft.date=2023-05-11&rft.aulast=Eggleston&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.au=Capin+Crouse+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojects.propublica.org%2Fnonprofits%2Forganizations%2F541660459%2F202331319349305353%2Ffull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IRS22-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IRS22_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IRS22_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IRS22_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IRS22_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IRS22_7-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgglestonBatson2023" class="citation cs1">Eggleston, Rebecca; Batson, Ted R. Jr. (May 11, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230601123734/https://adflegal.org/sites/default/files/2023-05/2021%20ADF%20990%20Public%20Copy%20Final.pdf">Return of organization exempt from income tax 2021: Alliance Defending Freedom</a> (PDF) (<a href="/wiki/Form_990" title="Form 990">Form 990</a>). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248666159"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_December_6#Template:EIN" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 December 6">‹See Tfd›</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/EIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EIN (identifier)">EIN</a> 541660459. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adflegal.org/sites/default/files/2023-05/2021%20ADF%20990%20Public%20Copy%20Final.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on June 1, 2023. Retrieved June 18, 2023 – via adflegal.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Return+of+organization+exempt+from+income+tax+2021%3A+Alliance+Defending+Freedom&rft.date=2023-05-11&rft.aulast=Eggleston&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.au=Batson%2C+Ted+R.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadflegal.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-05%2F2021%2520ADF%2520990%2520Public%2520Copy%2520Final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-company-profile-8"><a href="#cite_ref-company-profile_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/0992289D:US">"Company Profile: Alliance Defending Freedom"</a>. Bloomberg.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321190819/https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/0992289D:US">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2023. Retrieved July 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Company+Profile%3A+Alliance+Defending+Freedom&rft.pub=Bloomberg.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fprofile%2Fcompany%2F0992289D%3AUS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-990-2008-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-990-2008_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-990-2008_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-990-2008_9-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeddernSanders2009" class="citation cs1">Feddern, Mark; Sanders, Vicki (February 20, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/display_990/541660459/2009_03_EO%2F54-1660459_990_200806">Return of organization exempt from income tax 2007: Alliance Defense Fund Inc</a> (<a href="/wiki/Form_990" title="Form 990">Form 990</a>). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248666159"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_December_6#Template:EIN" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 December 6">‹See Tfd›</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/EIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EIN (identifier)">EIN</a> 541660459. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026232607/https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/display_990/541660459/2009_03_EO%2F54-1660459_990_200806">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Return+of+organization+exempt+from+income+tax+2007%3A+Alliance+Defense+Fund+Inc&rft.date=2009-02-20&rft.aulast=Feddern&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Sanders%2C+Vicki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojects.propublica.org%2Fnonprofits%2Fdisplay_990%2F541660459%2F2009_03_EO%252F54-1660459_990_200806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Human_Events-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Human_Events_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Human_Events_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Human_Events_10-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGizzi2009" class="citation journal cs1">Gizzi, John (2009). "Alliance Defense Fund Promotes Religious Freedom". <a href="/wiki/Human_Events" title="Human Events">Human Events</a>. 65 (28): 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Events&rft.atitle=Alliance+Defense+Fund+Promotes+Religious+Freedom&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=28&rft.pages=21&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Gizzi&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bennett-masterpiece-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bennett-masterpiece_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bennett-masterpiece_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2017" class="citation news cs1">Bennett, Daniel (September 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://religionandpolitics.org/2017/09/19/masterpiece-cakeshop-alliance-defending-freedom-christian-supreme-court/">"Masterpiece Cakeshop: Meet the Christian Legal Group Behind the High-Profile Court Case"</a>. Religion & Politics. Cambridge, England: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171122052755/http://religionandpolitics.org/2017/09/19/masterpiece-cakeshop-alliance-defending-freedom-christian-supreme-court/">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2017. Retrieved February 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religion+%26+Politics&rft.atitle=Masterpiece+Cakeshop%3A+Meet+the+Christian+Legal+Group+Behind+the+High-Profile+Court+Case&rft.date=2017-09-19&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freligionandpolitics.org%2F2017%2F09%2F19%2Fmasterpiece-cakeshop-alliance-defending-freedom-christian-supreme-court%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vile-adf-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vile-adf_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vile-adf_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vile-adf_12-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVile" class="citation web cs1">Vile, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mtsu.edu:8443/first-amendment/article/1505/alliance-defending-freedom">"Alliance Defending Freedom"</a>. The First Amendment Encyclopedia. Middle Tennessee State University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201191152/https://www.mtsu.edu:8443/first-amendment/article/1505/alliance-defending-freedom">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+First+Amendment+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Alliance+Defending+Freedom&rft.aulast=Vile&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtsu.edu%3A8443%2Ffirst-amendment%2Farticle%2F1505%2Falliance-defending-freedom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-splc-profile-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-splc-profile_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-splc-profile_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-splc-profile_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-splc-profile_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-splc-profile_13-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/alliance-defending-freedom">"Alliance Defending Freedom"</a>. Southern Poverty Law Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170829041141/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/alliance-defending-freedom">Archived</a> from the original on August 29, 2017. Retrieved June 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southern+Poverty+Law+Center&rft.atitle=Alliance+Defending+Freedom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Ffighting-hate%2Fextremist-files%2Fgroup%2Falliance-defending-freedom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-international-14"><a href="#cite_ref-international_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adflegal.org/issues/international">"International Overview"</a>. Alliance Defending Freedom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180214202704/https://www.adflegal.org/issues/international">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Overview&rft.pub=Alliance+Defending+Freedom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adflegal.org%2Fissues%2Finternational&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-adf-intl-about-15"><a href="#cite_ref-adf-intl-about_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adfinternational.org/about-us/">"About Us"</a>. ADF International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220322211156/https://adfinternational.org/about-us/">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2022. Retrieved March 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us&rft.pub=ADF+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadfinternational.org%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-adf-goes-global-16"><a href="#cite_ref-adf-goes-global_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoach2022" class="citation news cs1">Roach, David (July 27, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2022/july/alliance-defending-freedom-international-religious-liberty.html">"Religious Liberty Firm Goes Global with 1,500 International Cases"</a>. Christianity Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730015722/https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2022/july/alliance-defending-freedom-international-religious-liberty.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2022. Retrieved July 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Religious+Liberty+Firm+Goes+Global+with+1%2C500+International+Cases&rft.date=2022-07-27&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2Fjuly%2Falliance-defending-freedom-international-religious-liberty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bennett-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bennett_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bennett_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2017" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Daniel (2017). Defending Faith: The Politics of the Christian Conservative Legal Movement. University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0700624607" title="Special:BookSources/978-0700624607"><bdi>978-0700624607</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defending+Faith%3A+The+Politics+of+the+Christian+Conservative+Legal+Movement&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0700624607&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaPoBlackstone-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WaPoBlackstone_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaPoBlackstone_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaPoBlackstone_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaPoBlackstone_18-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaPoBlackstone_18-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownSwaine2020" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Emma; Swaine, John (September 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/coney-barrett-christian-law-fellowship-blackstone/2020/09/27/7ae41892-fdc5-11ea-b555-4d71a9254f4b_story.html">"Amy Coney Barrett, Supreme Court nominee, spoke at program founded to inspire a 'distinctly Christian worldview in every area of law'"</a>. Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313221353/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/coney-barrett-christian-law-fellowship-blackstone/2020/09/27/7ae41892-fdc5-11ea-b555-4d71a9254f4b_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2022. Retrieved January 24, 2022. <q>The group changed its name to Alliance Defending Freedom in 2012 and has grown into a legal and financial powerhouse.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Amy+Coney+Barrett%2C+Supreme+Court+nominee%2C+spoke+at+program+founded+to+inspire+a+%27distinctly+Christian+worldview+in+every+area+of+law%27&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft.au=Swaine%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fconey-barrett-christian-law-fellowship-blackstone%2F2020%2F09%2F27%2F7ae41892-fdc5-11ea-b555-4d71a9254f4b_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-holden-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-holden_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-holden_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-holden_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-holden_19-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolden2017" class="citation news cs1">Holden, Dominic (December 4, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/dominicholden/adf-mike-farris">"How This Anti-Trump Evangelical Is Quietly Taking Advantage of The Trump Presidency"</a>. BuzzFeed News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180215023013/https://www.buzzfeed.com/dominicholden/adf-mike-farris">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018. <q>In the 10 months since Farris took over, he has shepherded the group from relative obscurity to arguably become the most influential — and increasingly prominent — conservative law group in the United States.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed+News&rft.atitle=How+This+Anti-Trump+Evangelical+Is+Quietly+Taking+Advantage+of+The+Trump+Presidency&rft.date=2017-12-04&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Fdominicholden%2Fadf-mike-farris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-eckholm-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eckholm_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eckholm_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eckholm_20-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eckholm_20-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eckholm_20-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eckholm_20-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEckholm2014" class="citation news cs1">Eckholm, Eric (May 11, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/12/us/legal-alliance-gains-host-of-court-victories-for-conservative-christian-movement.html">"Legal Alliance Gains Host of Court Victories for Conservative Christian Movement"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180122181752/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/12/us/legal-alliance-gains-host-of-court-victories-for-conservative-christian-movement.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2018. <q>Alliance Defending Freedom, which, with its $40 million annual budget, 40-plus staff lawyers and hundreds of affiliated lawyers, has emerged as the largest legal force of the religious right, arguing hundreds of pro bono cases across the country.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Legal+Alliance+Gains+Host+of+Court+Victories+for+Conservative+Christian+Movement&rft.date=2014-05-11&rft.aulast=Eckholm&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F05%2F12%2Fus%2Flegal-alliance-gains-host-of-court-victories-for-conservative-christian-movement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnson-christian-right-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-johnson-christian-right_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnson-christian-right_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2023" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Peter (October 27, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texarkanagazette.com/news/2023/oct/27/christian-right-cheers-new-house-speaker">"Christian right cheers new House speaker, conservative evangelical Mike Johnson, as one of their own"</a>. Texarkana Gazette. Retrieved October 29, 2023. <q>Evangelical Christian conservatives have long had allies in top Republican leadership in Congress. But never before have they had one so thoroughly embedded in their movement as new House Speaker Mike Johnson. ... Johnson served as an attorney with what's now known as Alliance Defending Freedom, one of the foremost legal advocates of causes valued by many on the religious right.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Texarkana+Gazette&rft.atitle=Christian+right+cheers+new+House+speaker%2C+conservative+evangelical+Mike+Johnson%2C+as+one+of+their+own&rft.date=2023-10-27&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.texarkanagazette.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2Foct%2F27%2Fchristian-right-cheers-new-house-speaker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnson-motherjones-22"><a href="#cite_ref-johnson-motherjones_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPauly2023" class="citation news cs1">Pauly, Madison (October 26, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2023/10/speaker-mike-johnson-lgbtq-christian-alliance-defending-freedom/">"Mike Johnson's Long Flirtation With Christian Nationalism: The new speaker has a lengthy association with far-right activism"</a>. Mother Jones. Retrieved October 29, 2023. <q>Long before he was even elected to the Louisiana legislature, he spent years as an attorney and spokesperson for the Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF), a powerful conservative organization that carries out much of the Christian right's legal agenda.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mother+Jones&rft.atitle=Mike+Johnson%27s+Long+Flirtation+With+Christian+Nationalism%3A+The+new+speaker+has+a+lengthy+association+with+far-right+activism&rft.date=2023-10-26&rft.aulast=Pauly&rft.aufirst=Madison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2023%2F10%2Fspeaker-mike-johnson-lgbtq-christian-alliance-defending-freedom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2023-house-speaker-23"><a href="#cite_ref-2023-house-speaker_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.house.gov/feature-stories/2023-10-25-new-speaker-of-the-house">"Congressman Mike Johnson Elected Speaker of the House"</a>. United States House of Representatives. Retrieved October 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+House+of+Representatives&rft.atitle=Congressman+Mike+Johnson+Elected+Speaker+of+the+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.house.gov%2Ffeature-stories%2F2023-10-25-new-speaker-of-the-house&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2023-johnson-cbs-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2023-johnson-cbs_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2023-johnson-cbs_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinnWatson2023" class="citation news cs1">Quinn, Melissa; Watson, Kathryn (October 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/house-speaker-vote-live-updates-10-25-2023">"Mike Johnson elected House speaker with unanimous GOP support, ending weeks of chaos"</a>. CBS News. 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May 21, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220320045252/https://adflegal.org/william-barr-interview">Archived</a> from the original on March 20, 2022. 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Federalist Society. September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930155408/https://fedsoc.org/contributors/erin-hawley-1">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federalist+Society&rft.atitle=Erin+M.+Hawley+-+Senior+Counsel%2C+Alliance+Defending+Freedom&rft.date=2022-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffedsoc.org%2Fcontributors%2Ferin-hawley-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wapo-powerhouse-31"><a href="#cite_ref-wapo-powerhouse_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFContrera" class="citation news cs1">Contrera, Jessica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/inside-the-christian-legal-powerhouse-that-keeps-winning-at-the-supreme-court/2018/07/04/fffa6aa0-7adb-11e8-93cc-6d3beccdd7a3_story.html">"Inside the Christian legal powerhouse that keeps winning at the Supreme Court"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002030952/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/inside-the-christian-legal-powerhouse-that-keeps-winning-at-the-supreme-court/2018/07/04/fffa6aa0-7adb-11e8-93cc-6d3beccdd7a3_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Inside+the+Christian+legal+powerhouse+that+keeps+winning+at+the+Supreme+Court&rft.aulast=Contrera&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Finside-the-christian-legal-powerhouse-that-keeps-winning-at-the-supreme-court%2F2018%2F07%2F04%2Ffffa6aa0-7adb-11e8-93cc-6d3beccdd7a3_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-adf-who-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adf-who_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-adf-who_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adflegal.org/about-us/who-we-are">"Who We Are"</a>. Alliance Defending Freedom. February 11, 2021. 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SPLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171216025038/https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/07/27/anti-lgbt-hate-group-alliance-defending-freedom-defended-state-enforced-sterilization">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2017. Retrieved November 26, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=splcenter.org&rft.atitle=Anti-LGBT+Hate+Group+Alliance+Defending+Freedom+Defended+State-Enforced+Sterilization+for+Transgender+Europeans&rft.date=2017-07-27&rft.aulast=Amend&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Fhatewatch%2F2017%2F07%2F27%2Fanti-lgbt-hate-group-alliance-defending-freedom-defended-state-enforced-sterilization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbc-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbc_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbc_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbc_36-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Hara2017" class="citation news cs1">O'Hara, Mary Emily (April 8, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/law-firm-linked-anti-transgender-bathroom-bills-across-country-n741106">"This Law Firm Is Linked to Anti-Transgender Bathroom Bills Across the Country"</a>. NBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170805060139/http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/law-firm-linked-anti-transgender-bathroom-bills-across-country-n741106">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2017. Retrieved August 5, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC&rft.atitle=This+Law+Firm+Is+Linked+to+Anti-Transgender+Bathroom+Bills+Across+the+Country&rft.date=2017-04-08&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=Mary+Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Ffeature%2Fnbc-out%2Flaw-firm-linked-anti-transgender-bathroom-bills-across-country-n741106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-church-honor-37"><a href="#cite_ref-church-honor_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicsun.org/2017/07/06/scottsdale-couple-receive-churchs-highest-honor-for-laity/">"Scottsdale couple receive Church's highest honor for laity"</a>. July 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scottsdale+couple+receive+Church%27s+highest+honor+for+laity&rft.date=2017-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicsun.org%2F2017%2F07%2F06%2Fscottsdale-couple-receive-churchs-highest-honor-for-laity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McFeely-38"><a href="#cite_ref-McFeely_38-0">^</a> McFeely, Tom (January 18, 2012). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.ncregister.com/daily-news/alliance-defense-funds-chief-convert#.WeI8BIUpDYV">Alliance Defense Fund's Chief Convert</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014233751/http://m.ncregister.com/daily-news/alliance-defense-funds-chief-convert#.WeI8BIUpDYV">Archived</a> October 14, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" [interview with Alan Sears]. <a href="/wiki/National_Catholic_Register" title="National Catholic Register">National Catholic Register</a>. ncregister.com. Retrieved October 14, 2017. Referring to Ron Rosenberger and his volunteer lawyer, Alan Sears explains that ADF "raised money, and ... funded the petition for certiorari that asked the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> to hear their case" and that later it "funded the costs of the case and a number of amicus briefs." </li> <li id="cite_note-aclu-agenda-39"><a href="#cite_ref-aclu-agenda_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSearsCraig_Osten2005" class="citation book cs1">Sears, Alan; Craig Osten (2005). The ACLU vs. America: Exposing the Agenda to Redefine Moral Values. B&H Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-4045-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-4045-4"><bdi>978-0-8054-4045-4</bdi></a>. <q>As a result of the work of the American Civil Liberties Union and their war on America, we now live in a country where the church has been progressively silenced, parental authority has been undermined, children are less safe, and human life continues to be cheapened-both at birth and death. ... But there is hope. Many Americans are waking up to the dangerous agenda of the ACLU.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+ACLU+vs.+America%3A+Exposing+the+Agenda+to+Redefine+Moral+Values&rft.pub=B%26H+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8054-4045-4&rft.aulast=Sears&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Craig+Osten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-press-name-40"><a href="#cite_ref-press-name_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202025856/http://www.adfmedia.org/News/PRDetail/7504">"Alliance Defense Fund now Alliance Defending Freedom"</a> (Press release). Alliance Defending Freedom. July 9, 2012. 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Retrieved March 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pastors+shouldn%27t+endorse+politicians&rft.pub=National+Alliance+of+Evangelicals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nae.org%2Fpastors-shouldnt-endorse-politicians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lampman-157"><a href="#cite_ref-lampman_157-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLampman2008" class="citation news cs1">Lampman, Jane (September 26, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2008/0926/p03s02-uspo.html">"Pulpit politics: Pastors to defy IRS"</a>. The Christian Science Monitor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180205000819/https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2008/0926/p03s02-uspo.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Pulpit+politics%3A+Pastors+to+defy+IRS&rft.date=2008-09-26&rft.aulast=Lampman&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FUSA%2FPolitics%2F2008%2F0926%2Fp03s02-uspo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kumar-158"><a href="#cite_ref-kumar_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumar2014" class="citation news cs1">Kumar, Anugrah (October 11, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianpost.com/news/over-1800-pastors-take-part-in-pulpit-freedom-sunday-127914/">"Over 1,800 Pastors Take Part in Pulpit Freedom Sunday"</a>. The Christian Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150303032404/http://www.christianpost.com/news/over-1800-pastors-take-part-in-pulpit-freedom-sunday-127914/">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2015. Retrieved February 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Post&rft.atitle=Over+1%2C800+Pastors+Take+Part+in+Pulpit+Freedom+Sunday&rft.date=2014-10-11&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Anugrah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianpost.com%2Fnews%2Fover-1800-pastors-take-part-in-pulpit-freedom-sunday-127914%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sears-agenda-159"><a href="#cite_ref-sears-agenda_159-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSearsCraig_Osten2003" class="citation book cs1">Sears, Alan; Craig Osten (2003). The Homosexual Agenda: Exposing the Principal Threat to Religious Freedom Today. B&H Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-2698-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-2698-4"><bdi>978-0-8054-2698-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Homosexual+Agenda%3A+Exposing+the+Principal+Threat+to+Religious+Freedom+Today&rft.pub=B%26H+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8054-2698-4&rft.aulast=Sears&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Craig+Osten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sessions_task_force-160"><a href="#cite_ref-sessions_task_force_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson-Hartgrove2018" class="citation news cs1">Wilson-Hartgrove, Jonathan (July 31, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/jeff-sessions-religious-liberty-task-force-part-dangerous-christian-nationalist-ncna895941">"Opinion | Jeff Sessions' new "religious liberty task force" is a dangerous sham"</a>. NBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319204026/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/jeff-sessions-religious-liberty-task-force-part-dangerous-christian-nationalist-ncna895941">Archived</a> from the original on March 19, 2022. Retrieved March 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC&rft.atitle=Opinion+%26%23124%3B+Jeff+Sessions%27+new+%22religious+liberty+task+force%22+is+a+dangerous+sham&rft.date=2018-07-31&rft.aulast=Wilson-Hartgrove&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fthink%2Fopinion%2Fjeff-sessions-religious-liberty-task-force-part-dangerous-christian-nationalist-ncna895941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gay-deception-161"><a href="#cite_ref-gay-deception_161-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallouxCorbett1994" class="citation book cs1">Malloux, Marlin; Corbett, Christopher (1994). Answers to the Gay Deception. International Christian Media.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Answers+to+the+Gay+Deception&rft.pub=International+Christian+Media&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Malloux&rft.aufirst=Marlin&rft.au=Corbett%2C+Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-firewall-162"><a href="#cite_ref-firewall_162-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reclaimamerica.org/PAGES/News/news.aspx?story=1460">"Dr. Kennedy Calls for Constitutional "Firewall" to Protect Marriage"</a>. November 19, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928024656/http://www.reclaimamerica.org/PAGES/News/news.aspx?story=1460">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved April 28, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr.+Kennedy+Calls+for+Constitutional+%22Firewall%22+to+Protect+Marriage&rft.date=2003-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reclaimamerica.org%2FPAGES%2FNews%2Fnews.aspx%3Fstory%3D1460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/D._James_Kennedy" title="D. James Kennedy">D. James Kennedy</a> described <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> as "counterfeit marriage" </li> <li id="cite_note-kennedy-same-sex-163"><a href="#cite_ref-kennedy-same-sex_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedyNewcombe2004" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, D. James; Newcombe, Jerry (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatswrongwithsa0000kenn/page/11">What's Wrong with Same-Sex Marriage?</a>. Wheaton, Ill.: Crossway Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatswrongwithsa0000kenn/page/11">11</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1581346638" title="Special:BookSources/1581346638"><bdi>1581346638</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What%27s+Wrong+with+Same-Sex+Marriage%3F&rft.place=Wheaton%2C+Ill.&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Crossway+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1581346638&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=D.+James&rft.au=Newcombe%2C+Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhatswrongwithsa0000kenn%2Fpage%2F11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> D. James Kennedy promoted this therapy "for homosexuals who want to change, through the power of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>." </li> <li id="cite_note-dobson-exodus-164"><a href="#cite_ref-dobson-exodus_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130701114304/http://exodusfreedom.org/">"Homepage"</a>. Exodus Freedom. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exodusfreedom.org/">the original</a> on July 1, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exodus+Freedom&rft.atitle=Homepage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexodusfreedom.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> James Dobson's <a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a> founded an "<a href="/wiki/Ex-gay" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex-gay">ex-gay</a>" ministry called "<a href="/wiki/Love_Won_Out" title="Love Won Out">Love Won Out</a>" to change the behavior and identities of gay people. </li> <li id="cite_note-love-out-165"><a href="#cite_ref-love-out_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217080150/http://www.lovewonout.com/questions/">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. Love Won Out. Archived from the original on December 17, 2008. Retrieved December 19, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=Love+Won+Out&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lovewonout.com%2Fquestions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-declaw-166"><a href="#cite_ref-declaw_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunson2018" class="citation web cs1">Brunson, Samuel (July 30, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/congress-could-declaw-restrictions-on-politicking-from-the-pulpit-over-the-objections-of-many-churches-100575">"Congress could declaw restrictions on politicking from the pulpit — over the objections of many churches"</a>. The Conversation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220724214304/https://theconversation.com/congress-could-declaw-restrictions-on-politicking-from-the-pulpit-over-the-objections-of-many-churches-100575">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2022. Retrieved July 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Congress+could+declaw+restrictions+on+politicking+from+the+pulpit+%E2%80%94+over+the+objections+of+many+churches&rft.date=2018-07-30&rft.aulast=Brunson&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fcongress-could-declaw-restrictions-on-politicking-from-the-pulpit-over-the-objections-of-many-churches-100575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-postmag-167">^ <a href="#cite_ref-postmag_167-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-postmag_167-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery2018" class="citation news cs1">Montgomery, David (November 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/magazine/wp/2018/11/08/feature/is-the-southern-poverty-law-center-judging-hate-fairly/">"The State of Hate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="The Washington Post Magazine">The Washington Post Magazine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210924230017/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/magazine/wp/2018/11/08/feature/is-the-southern-poverty-law-center-judging-hate-fairly/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved December 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+State+of+Hate&rft.date=2018-11-08&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine%2Fwp%2F2018%2F11%2F08%2Ffeature%2Fis-the-southern-poverty-law-center-judging-hate-fairly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-war_on_krishna-168"><a href="#cite_ref-war_on_krishna_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson2013" class="citation web cs1">Nelson, Leah (Spring 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2013/last-word-0">"The Last Word: The War On Krishna: Religious-right activists, fresh from the front lines of the War on Christmas, take on a new and dangerous pagan threat" Intelligence Report"</a>. 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Retrieved July 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Last+Word%3A+The+War+On+Krishna%3A+Religious-right+activists%2C+fresh+from+the+front+lines+of+the+War+on+Christmas%2C+take+on+a+new+and+dangerous+pagan+threat%22+Intelligence+Report&rft.pub=Southern+Poverty+Law+Center&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Leah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Ffighting-hate%2Fintelligence-report%2F2013%2Flast-word-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nat-review-169"><a href="#cite_ref-nat-review_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarris2018" class="citation news cs1">Farris, Michael (August 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/08/southern-poverty-law-center-hate-label-deserves-vigorous-response/">"Southern Poverty Law Center 'Hate' Labels Deserve a Vigorous Response"</a>. National Review. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116033319/https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/08/southern-poverty-law-center-hate-label-deserves-vigorous-response/">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2018. 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Alliance Defending Freedom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321190757/https://adflegal.org/search?search_term=gratitude+giants+whose+shoulders+adf+stands&f%5B0%5D=content_type:article">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2023. Retrieved July 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alliance+Defending+Freedom&rft.atitle=With+Gratitude%2C+for+the+Giants+Whose+Shoulders+ADF+Stands+On&rft.date=2017-10-17&rft.aulast=Sears&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadflegal.org%2Fblog%2Fgratitude-giants-whose-shoulders-adf-stands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-blackstone-171">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blackstone_171-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-blackstone_171-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-blackstone_171-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-blackstone_171-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-blackstone_171-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-blackstone_171-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackstonelegalfellowship.org/">"Blackstone Legal Fellowship"</a>. 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February 2, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231119034220/https://www.project2025.org/about/advisory-board/">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2023. Retrieved July 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Advisory+Board&rft.pub=The+Heritage+Foundation&rft.date=2023-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.project2025.org%2Fabout%2Fadvisory-board%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mascaro-20234-187"><a href="#cite_ref-Mascaro-20234_187-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMascaro2023" class="citation news cs1">Mascaro, Lisa (August 29, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/election-2024-conservatives-trump-heritage-857eb794e505f1c6710eb03fd5b58981">"Conservative Groups Draw Up Plan to Dismantle the US Government and Replace It with Trump's Vision"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Press News">Associated Press News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230922112031/https://apnews.com/article/election-2024-conservatives-trump-heritage-857eb794e505f1c6710eb03fd5b58981">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2023. Retrieved July 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Conservative+Groups+Draw+Up+Plan+to+Dismantle+the+US+Government+and+Replace+It+with+Trump%27s+Vision&rft.date=2023-08-29&rft.aulast=Mascaro&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Felection-2024-conservatives-trump-heritage-857eb794e505f1c6710eb03fd5b58981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/80px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikinews has related news: <div><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/US_pastors_plan_to_defy_law_and_endorse_candidates" class="extiw" title="wikinews:US pastors plan to defy law and endorse candidates"> US pastors plan to defy law and endorse candidates</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudziszewski2006" class="citation book cs1">Budziszewski, J. (2006). Natural Law For Lawyers. ACW Press and The Blackstone Legal Fellowship. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1932124798" title="Special:BookSources/978-1932124798"><bdi>978-1932124798</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+Law+For+Lawyers&rft.pub=ACW+Press+and+The+Blackstone+Legal+Fellowship&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1932124798&rft.aulast=Budziszewski&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2016" class="citation journal cs1">Jones, Emma (June 2016). "Fair Access Versus Religious Freedom: A Difficult Balance". Oxford Journal of Law and Religion. 5 (2): 359–364. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fojlr%2Frww018">10.1093/ojlr/rww018</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Journal+of+Law+and+Religion&rft.atitle=Fair+Access+Versus+Religious+Freedom%3A+A+Difficult+Balance&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=359-364&rft.date=2016-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fojlr%2Frww018&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Emma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adflegal.org/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4732297#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adfinternational.org/">ADF International official website</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/541660459">"Alliance Defending Freedom Internal Revenue Service filings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a> Nonprofit Explorer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ProPublica+Nonprofit+Explorer&rft.atitle=Alliance+Defending+Freedom+Internal+Revenue+Service+filings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojects.propublica.org%2Fnonprofits%2Forganizations%2F541660459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlliance+Defending+Freedom" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alliance_Defending_Freedom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="Template:Alliance Defending Freedom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="Template talk:Alliance Defending Freedom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alliance Defending Freedom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alliance_Defending_Freedom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alliance Defending Freedom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Bright" title="Bill Bright">Bill Bright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Burkett" title="Larry Burkett">Larry Burkett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">James Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._James_Kennedy" title="D. James Kennedy">D. James Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin_Maddoux" title="Marlin Maddoux">Marlin Maddoux </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents and CEOs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sears" title="Alan Sears">Alan Sears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Farris_(lawyer)" title="Michael Farris (lawyer)">Michael Farris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Waggoner" title="Kristen Waggoner">Kristen Waggoner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapman_B._Cox" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapman B. Cox">Chapman B. Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Dannenfelser" title="Marjorie Dannenfelser">Marjorie Dannenfelser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Pickering" title="Charles W. Pickering">Charles W. Pickering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Legal_Fellowship" title="Blackstone Legal Fellowship">Blackstone Legal Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Dialogue" title="Day of Dialogue">Day of Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulpit_Freedom_Sunday" title="Pulpit Freedom Sunday">Pulpit Freedom Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God%27s_Not_Dead_(film)" title="God's Not Dead (film)">God's Not Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_court_cases_involving_Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="List of court cases involving Alliance Defending Freedom">List of court cases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_social_conservatism" title="Template:American social conservatism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_social_conservatism" title="Template talk:American social conservatism"><abbr title="Discuss this 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agenda">Gay agenda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-pornography_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-pornography movement in the United States">Anti-pornography movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consistent_life_ethic" title="Consistent life ethic">Consistent life ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">Eminent domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_roles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender roles">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organized_religion" title="Organized religion">Organized religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_rights_movement" title="Parental rights movement">Parental rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition of drugs">Prohibition of drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_morality" title="Public morality">Public morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious liberty">Religious liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_prayer_in_the_United_States" title="School prayer in the United States">School prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state#Friendly_and_hostile_separation" title="Separation of church and state">Friendly separation of church and state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advocates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ashcroft" title="John Ashcroft">Ashcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Bachmann" title="Michele Bachmann">Bachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Barton_(author)" title="David Barton (author)">Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bennett" title="William Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Brownback" title="Sam Brownback">Brownback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Bryant" title="Anita Bryant">Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Boebert" title="Lauren Boebert">Boebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Boykin" title="Peter Boykin">Boykin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Brent_Bozell_III" title="L. Brent Bozell III">Bozell III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Cameron" class="mw-redirect" title="Candace Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Coburn" title="Tom Coburn">Coburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Colson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_DeLay" title="Tom DeLay">DeLay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_DeMint" title="Jim DeMint">DeMint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">DeSantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Dice" title="Mark Dice">Dice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Donohue" title="Bill Donohue">Donohue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">D'Souza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jerry Falwell Sr.">Falwell Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell_Jr." title="Jerry Falwell Jr.">Falwell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Frist" title="Bill Frist">Frist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._George" title="Robert P. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louie_Gohmert" title="Louie Gohmert">Gohmert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Harris" title="Katherine Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hostettler" title="John Hostettler">Hostettler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Huckabee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._James_Kennedy" title="D. James Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Keyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_King" title="Steve King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Knowles_(political_commentator)" title="Michael Knowles (political commentator)">Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_LaHaye" title="Beverly LaHaye">LaHaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">LaHaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Limbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Lott" title="Trent Lott">Lott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Moore" title="Roy Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Owens" title="Candace Owens">Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Parsley" title="Rod Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Pence" title="Greg Pence">Pence (Greg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence (Mike)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Perkins_(politician)" title="Tony Perkins (politician)">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Peroutka" title="Michael Peroutka">Peroutka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libs_of_TikTok" title="Libs of TikTok">Raichik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Reed" title="Ralph Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Robinson_(American_politician)" title="Mark Robinson (American politician)">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayle_Ruzicka" title="Gayle Ruzicka">Ruzicka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Santorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Scarborough" title="Rick Scarborough">Scarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Schlafly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bret_Schundler" title="Bret Schundler">Schundler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shapiro" title="Ben Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pam_Stenzel" title="Pam Stenzel">Stenzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_Beth_Stuckey" title="Allie Beth Stuckey">Stuckey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tancredo" title="Tom Tancredo">Tancredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Tatum" title="Brandon Tatum">Tatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene" title="Marjorie Taylor Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_and_Elizabeth_Uihlein" title="Richard and Elizabeth Uihlein">Uihlein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Walsh_(political_commentator)" title="Matt Walsh (political commentator)">Walsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Principles_Project" title="American Principles Project">American Principles Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerned_Women_for_America" title="Concerned Women for America">Concerned Women for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Forum" title="Eagle Forum">Eagle Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Council" title="Family Research Council">Family Research Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Moral_Law" title="Foundation for Moral Law">Foundation for Moral Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">Heritage Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moms_for_Liberty" title="Moms for Liberty">Moms for Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority">Moral Majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_on_Sexual_Exploitation" title="National Center on Sexual Exploitation">National Center on Sexual Exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Marriage" title="National Organization for Marriage">National Organization for Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Right_to_Life_Committee" title="National Right to Life Committee">National Right to Life Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents_Television_and_Media_Council" title="Parents Television and Media Council">Parents Television and Media Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Values_Coalition" title="Traditional Values Coalition">Traditional Values Coalition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Republican Party (United States)">Factions in the Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_conservatism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT conservatism in the United States">LGBT conservatism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Declaration:_A_Call_of_Christian_Conscience" title="Manhattan Declaration: A Call of Christian Conscience">Manhattan Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social 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