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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup_bare_URLs plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-cleanup-link_rot" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>uses <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs">bare URLs</a>, which are uninformative and vulnerable to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">link rot</a>.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider converting them to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Citation_styles" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citations</a> to ensure the article remains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiable</a> and maintains a consistent citation style. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Sources_of_articles#Examples" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Sources of articles">Several templates</a> and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as <span class="nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://refill.toolforge.org/ng/result.php?page=Pattern_and_Decoration&defaults=y">reFill</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ReFill" title="Wikipedia:ReFill">documentation</a>)</span> and <span class="nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Pattern_and_Decoration">Citation bot</a> (<a href="/wiki/User:Citation_bot" title="User:Citation bot">documentation</a>)</span>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pattern and Decoration</b> was a United States <a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">art movement</a> from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. The movement has sometimes been referred to as "P&D"<sup id="cite_ref-cotternyt_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cotternyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or as The New Decorativeness.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement was championed by the gallery owner <a href="/wiki/Holly_Solomon" title="Holly Solomon">Holly Solomon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hsobit_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement was the subject of a retrospective exhibition at the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_Museum" title="Hudson River Museum">Hudson River Museum</a> in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-cotternyt_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cotternyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pdcatalog_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdcatalog-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_influences">Background and influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_and_Decoration&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background and influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pattern and Decoration movement consisted of artists, many of whom had art education backgrounds, who had been involved with the abstract schools of art of the 1960s. The westernised, male dominated climate of artistic thought throughout Modernism had led to a marginalisation of what was considered non-Western and feminine.<sup id="cite_ref-Jaudon_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jaudon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The P&D movement wanted to revive an interest in minor forms such as patterning which at that point was equated with triviality. The prevailing negative view of decoration was one not generally shared by non-Western cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Pattern and Decoration movement was influenced by sources outside of what was considered to be fine art. Blurring the line between art and design, many P&D works mimic patterns like those on wallpapers, printed fabrics, and quilts.<sup id="cite_ref-cotternyt_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cotternyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These artists also looked for inspiration outside of the United States. The influence of Islamic tile work from Spain and North Africa are visible in the geometric, floral patterns. They looked at Mexican, Roman, and Byzantine mosaics; Turkish embroidery, Japanese woodblocks; and Iranian and Indian carpets and miniatures.<sup id="cite_ref-cotternyt_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cotternyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_and_Decoration&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the source materials have a nostalgic appeal, the treatment of these sources is modernist. Ben Johnson describes the paintings thus: "Pattern and Decoration did not distinguish between background and foreground, nor did it emphasize specific aspects of the composition. Rather, much as the abstract paintings of the time, it covered the canvas from edge to edge in an all-encompassing design. At the outset of the movement, Pattern and Decoration artists reacted against the severe lines and restrained compositions of minimalism. Yet, they often retained the same 'flattening grid' frequently employed by Minimalist painters."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beyond_painting">Beyond painting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_and_Decoration&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Beyond painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some work fitting into the P&D movement could be considered applied art.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> P&D artists worked in a variety of media beyond painting. One of <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Kozloff" title="Joyce Kozloff">Joyce Kozloff</a>'s major early works was an installation called "An Interior Decorated." It included ceramics, a hand-painted-tile floor, silkscreened wall hangings, and lithographs. The piece was installed in the Tibor de Nagy Gallery in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to his lush paintings and collages of flowers, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kushner" title="Robert Kushner">Robert Kushner</a> created ornate costumes that were used in performance events.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many P&D created collages by decontextualizing and recombining disparate elements to form new meanings. <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Schapiro" title="Miriam Schapiro">Miriam Schapiro</a> invented the term "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Femmage_(art)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Femmage (art) (page does not exist)">femmage</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/femmage" class="extiw" title="fr:femmage">fr</a>]</span>" to describe a combination of painting and sewing techniques. She embellished the painted canvas with traditionally female work such as embroidery, cross-stitch, and quilting.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aside from physical assemblages, artists borrowed snippets from other cultures and sources; therefore collage was crucial to the movement's concept. Critics like Anne Swartz use this recombination of source materials as evidence that the Pattern and Decoration movement is an early example of <a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">postmodernism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pdcatalog_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdcatalog-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_debate">Critical debate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_and_Decoration&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Critical debate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The P&D artists enjoyed a period of critical and financial success; their works were much sought-after and widely collected in both America and Europe. From the 1980s on, however, it was largely dismissed by critics.<sup id="cite_ref-cotternyt_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cotternyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reason for the backlash are multifarious and open to debate. NYT critic Holland Cotter offers the following explanation: "Art associated with feminism has always had a hostile press. And there was the beauty thing. In the neo-Expressionist, neo-Conceptualist late 1980s, no one knew what to make of hearts, Turkish flowers, wallpaper and arabesques." </p><p>In 2008 the Hudson River Art Museum in Yonkers, NY arranged a major exhibition entitled "Pattern and Decoration: An Ideal Vision in American Art, 1975-1985," which sought to reestablish its reputation as a serious movement. Curator Anne Swartz asserts that at the time audiences were uncomfortable with the unapologetic sensuality: "I suspect that until recently, a certain Puritanism surrounded the view of feminist art that prevented it from being seen as acceptable when it was sexually exciting and provocative. So when P&D art utilized some of the mechanisms of feminist art (provocation, pleasure, softness, etc) it challenged the intellectual systems that were supposed to be uppermost in the viewer's mind."<sup id="cite_ref-pdcatalog_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdcatalog-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a renaissance of interest and critical attention as result of the fresh scholarship. Cotter goes on to explain why the contemporary climate is more able to understand and appreciate the movement: "Thanks to multiculturalism and identity politics, we know better what to make of them now; the art world's horizons are immeasurably wider than they were two decades ago."<sup id="cite_ref-cotternyt_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cotternyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relation_to_the_feminist_art_movement">Relation to the feminist art movement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_and_Decoration&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Relation to the feminist art movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a close connection between the Pattern and Decoration movement and the <a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Feminist art movement in the United States">feminist art movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pdcatalog_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdcatalog-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The P&D movement arose in opposition to the Minimalist and Conceptualist movements,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which valued austerity and demeaned ornamentation and craft. </p><p>In their widely anthologized 1978 essay "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517151251/http://www.deadrevolutionariesclub.co.za/node/59">Art Hysterical Notions of Progress and Culture</a>," P&D artists <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Kozloff" title="Joyce Kozloff">Joyce Kozloff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Jaudon" title="Valerie Jaudon">Valerie Jaudon</a> explained how they thought sexist and racist assumptions underlaid Western art history discourse. They reasserted the value of ornamentation and aesthetic beauty - qualities assigned to the feminine sphere.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jaudon_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jaudon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Floral imagery, patterning, and decoration are associated with the feminine. P&D artists included elements of crafts such as needlepoint and beading, which were traditionally done by women within the <a href="/wiki/Separate_spheres" title="Separate spheres">domestic sphere</a>. By including these elements in their work, they dismantle the hierarchy of fine art over craft, and thereby raise questions about public (male) verses domestic (female) spaces, and fine art versus utilitarian objects.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, critics argue about to what extent the P&D movement can be considered feminist. Although Kozloff and Jaudon were explicit about their feminist agenda, male artists <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kushner_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Kushner (artist)">Robert Kushner (artist)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kim_MacConnel" title="Kim MacConnel">Kim MacConnel</a> sometimes avoided the label.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were more vocal about their aesthetic motivation for pursuing decoration. Writes Kushner: "For gallery and museum acceptance, if the art was industrial-looking, rectangular, and gray, black, or white, it was shown... Everything else (except color field painting, which today can be viewed as Technicolor minimalism) seemed to be marginalized. This simply did not fit many of our temperaments. Gray was boring. We wanted our art to be a lasting experience that took a great deal of time to decode fully."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since these male artists both helped to define the P&D movement and were commercially successful,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there is disagreement about P&D being called a woman's movement. On the other hand, Carissa DiGiovanni argues that male artists' distance from the feminist cause actually advanced it overall by taking feminine aesthetics and making them acceptable to the art establishment.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exhibitions">Exhibitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_and_Decoration&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Exhibitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the 2008 retrospective mentioned above, in 2019 Anna Katz curated the museum exhibit <i>With Pleasure: Pattern and Decoration in American Art 1972–1985</i> which ran at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art,_Los_Angeles" title="Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles">Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles</a> from October 27, 2019 – May 18, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently the exhibit traveled to Hessel Museum of Art, Bard College from June 26–November 28, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participating_artists">Participating artists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_and_Decoration&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Participating artists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Carlson" title="Cynthia Carlson">Cynthia Carlson</a><sup id="cite_ref-cotternyt_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cotternyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Cecere" title="Jennifer Cecere">Jennifer Cecere</a></li> <li>Jane Couch</li> <li>Brad Davis<sup id="cite_ref-hsobit_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merion_Estes" title="Merion Estes">Merion Estes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Girouard" title="Tina Girouard">Tina Girouard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Grigoriadis" title="Mary Grigoriadis">Mary Grigoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Jaudon" title="Valerie Jaudon">Valerie Jaudon</a><sup id="cite_ref-hsobit_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Kaufman" title="Jane Kaufman">Jane Kaufman</a><sup id="cite_ref-cotternyt_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cotternyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Kozloff" title="Joyce Kozloff">Joyce Kozloff</a><sup id="cite_ref-cotternyt_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cotternyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kushner_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Kushner (artist)">Robert Kushner (artist)</a><sup id="cite_ref-hsobit_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lanigan-Schmidt" title="Thomas Lanigan-Schmidt">Thomas Lanigan-Schmidt</a><sup id="cite_ref-hsobit_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_MacConnel" title="Kim MacConnel">Kim MacConnel</a><sup id="cite_ref-hsobit_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Michod" title="Susan Michod">Susan Michod</a><sup id="cite_ref-cotternyt_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cotternyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonya_Rapoport" title="Sonya Rapoport">Sonya Rapoport</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Robbin" title="Tony Robbin">Tony Robbin</a><sup id="cite_ref-cotternyt_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cotternyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Schapiro" title="Miriam Schapiro">Miriam Schapiro</a><sup id="cite_ref-cotternyt_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cotternyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Schwartz_(artist)" title="Barbara Schwartz (artist)">Barbara Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendall_Shaw" title="Kendall Shaw">Kendall Shaw</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ned_Smyth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ned Smyth (page does not exist)">Ned Smyth</a><sup id="cite_ref-hsobit_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Woodman" title="Betty Woodman">Betty Woodman</a><sup id="cite_ref-duncan_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duncan-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Woodman" title="George Woodman">George Woodman</a><sup id="cite_ref-duncan_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duncan-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zakanitch" title="Robert Zakanitch">Robert Zakanitch</a><sup id="cite_ref-cotternyt_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cotternyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Zucker" title="Barbara Zucker">Barbara Zucker</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_and_Decoration&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cotternyt-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cotternyt_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cotternyt_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cotternyt_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cotternyt_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cotternyt_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cotternyt_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cotternyt_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cotternyt_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cotternyt_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cotternyt_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cotternyt_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cotternyt_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cotternyt_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCotter2008" class="citation cs2">Cotter, Holland (2008-01-15), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/15/arts/design/15patt.html">"Scaling a Minimalist Wall With Bright, Shiny Colors"</a>, <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-12</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Scaling+a+Minimalist+Wall+With+Bright%2C+Shiny+Colors&rft.date=2008-01-15&rft.aulast=Cotter&rft.aufirst=Holland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F01%2F15%2Farts%2Fdesign%2F15patt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattern+and+Decoration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAtkins1997" class="citation cs2">Atkins, Robert (1997), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artspeakguidetoc00atki_0"><i>Artspeak: a guide to contemporary ideas, movements, and buzzwords, 1945 to the present</i></a></span> (2nd ed.), Abbeville Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7892-0365-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7892-0365-6"><bdi>978-0-7892-0365-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Artspeak%3A+a+guide+to+contemporary+ideas%2C+movements%2C+and+buzzwords%2C+1945+to+the+present&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Abbeville+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7892-0365-6&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartspeakguidetoc00atki_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattern+and+Decoration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJensenConway1982" class="citation cs2">Jensen, Robert; Conway, Patricia (1982), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0x1UAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Pattern+and+decoration%22"><i>Ornamentalism: the new decorativeness in architecture & design</i></a>, C.N. Potter, p. 240, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-517-54383-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-517-54383-2"><bdi>978-0-517-54383-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ornamentalism%3A+the+new+decorativeness+in+architecture+%26+design&rft.pages=240&rft.pub=C.N.+Potter&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-517-54383-2&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Conway%2C+Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0x1UAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Pattern%2Band%2Bdecoration%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattern+and+Decoration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hsobit-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hsobit_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hsobit_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hyperallergic&rft.atitle=Revisiting+the+Joy+of+Pattern+and+Decoration&rft.date=2021-08-28&rft.aulast=Ratcliff&rft.aufirst=Carter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhyperallergic.com%2F672494%2Frevisiting-the-joy-of-pattern-and-decoration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattern+and+Decoration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miriam Dungan Cross, "Berkeley Artist Shows Unique Works", <i>Oakland Tribune</i>, August 6, 1967</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perreault, John (Nov.1977) "Issues In Pattern Painting," <i>Arts Forum,</i> XIV (3),33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duncan-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-duncan_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-duncan_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDuncan2006" class="citation cs2">Duncan, Michael (November 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3601/is_45_52/ai_n26701058/?tag=content;col1">"Woodman's decorative impulse: shown in a recent retrospective at the Metropolitan, Betty Woodman's spirited ceramic works embrace theatricality and modernist fragmentation"</a>, <i>Art in America</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Art+in+America&rft.atitle=Woodman%27s+decorative+impulse%3A+shown+in+a+recent+retrospective+at+the+Metropolitan%2C+Betty+Woodman%27s+spirited+ceramic+works+embrace+theatricality+and+modernist+fragmentation&rft.date=2006-11&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m3601%2Fis_45_52%2Fai_n26701058%2F%3Ftag%3Dcontent%3Bcol1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattern+and+Decoration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattern_and_Decoration&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2008/01/14/arts/20080115_PATTERN_SLIDESHOW_index.html">Slide show</a> presented by the New York Times of several examples of "Pattern and Decoration" artworks.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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