CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Computer Simulation Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="HLm9B0LrkjhXeQeQUDEdBpI7ztfogfDoJiNr64UIRkPqt2MngL7QqcVEumbuWTTNW_40enzCIFcCKgMU4luC4g" /> <link href="/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?after=50%2C14022196" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Computer Simulation Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'dc2ad41da5d7ea682babd20f90650302fb0a3a36'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14016,"monthly_visitors":"99 million","monthly_visitor_count":99567017,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":99,"user_count":282985963,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739796797000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739796797000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-40698df34f913bd208bb70f09d2feb7c6286046250be17a4db35bba2c08b0e2f.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-a22f75d8519394c21253dae46c8c5d60ad36ea68c7d494347ec64229d8c1cf85.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-5708a105dd66b4c7d0ef30b7c094b1048423f0042bd2a7b123f2d99ee3cf46d9.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Computer Simulation</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">17,501 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Computer Simulation</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Computer_Simulation">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9590264" data-work_id="9590264" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9590264/Comparison_of_dose_calculation_algorithms_for_colorectal_cancer_brachytherapy_treatment_with_a_shielded_applicator">Comparison of dose calculation algorithms for colorectal cancer brachytherapy treatment with a shielded applicator</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A study of the performance of five commercial radiotherapy treatment planning systems (TPSs) for common treatment sites regarding their ability to model heterogeneities and scattered photons has been performed. The comparison was based on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9590264" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A study of the performance of five commercial radiotherapy treatment planning systems (TPSs) for common treatment sites regarding their ability to model heterogeneities and scattered photons has been performed. The comparison was based on CT information for prostate, head and neck, breast and lung cancer cases. The TPSs were installed locally at different institutions and commissioned for clinical use based on local procedures. For the evaluation, beam qualities as identical as possible were used: low energy (6 MV) and high energy (15 or 18 MV) x-rays. All relevant anatomical structures were outlined and simple treatment plans were set up. Images, structures and plans were exported, anonymized and distributed to the participating institutions using the DICOM protocol. The plans were then re-calculated locally and exported back for evaluation. The TPSs cover dose calculation techniques from correction-based equivalent path length algorithms to modelbased algorithms. These were divided into two groups based on how changes in electron transport are accounted for ((a) not considered and (b) considered). Increasing the complexity from the relatively homogeneous pelvic region to the very inhomogeneous lung region resulted in less accurate dose distributions. Improvements in the calculated dose have been shown when models consider volume scatter and changes in electron transport, especially when the extension of the irradiated volume was limited and when low densities were present in or adjacent to the fields. A Monte Carlo calculated algorithm input data set and a benchmark set for a virtual linear accelerator have been produced which have facilitated the analysis and interpretation of the results. The more sophisticated</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9590264" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9f700c107a3ca994c20013184a9ac49a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47713890,"asset_id":9590264,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47713890/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22722531" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrigitteReniers">Brigitte Reniers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22722531" type="text/json">{"id":22722531,"first_name":"Brigitte","last_name":"Reniers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrigitteReniers","display_name":"Brigitte Reniers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrigitteReniers?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9590264 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9590264"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9590264, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9590264", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9590264 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9590264; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9590264"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9590264 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9590264"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9590264; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9590264]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9590264").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9590264").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9590264"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">27</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering">Biomedical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1131" type="text/json">{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6974" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6974" type="text/json">{"id":6974,"name":"Monte Carlo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8726" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brachytherapy">Brachytherapy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8726" type="text/json">{"id":8726,"name":"Brachytherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brachytherapy?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9590264]'), work: {"id":9590264,"title":"Comparison of dose calculation algorithms for colorectal cancer brachytherapy treatment with a shielded applicator","created_at":"2014-12-02T03:25:22.895-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9590264/Comparison_of_dose_calculation_algorithms_for_colorectal_cancer_brachytherapy_treatment_with_a_shielded_applicator?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_9590264","summary":"A study of the performance of five commercial radiotherapy treatment planning systems (TPSs) for common treatment sites regarding their ability to model heterogeneities and scattered photons has been performed. The comparison was based on CT information for prostate, head and neck, breast and lung cancer cases. The TPSs were installed locally at different institutions and commissioned for clinical use based on local procedures. For the evaluation, beam qualities as identical as possible were used: low energy (6 MV) and high energy (15 or 18 MV) x-rays. All relevant anatomical structures were outlined and simple treatment plans were set up. Images, structures and plans were exported, anonymized and distributed to the participating institutions using the DICOM protocol. The plans were then re-calculated locally and exported back for evaluation. The TPSs cover dose calculation techniques from correction-based equivalent path length algorithms to modelbased algorithms. These were divided into two groups based on how changes in electron transport are accounted for ((a) not considered and (b) considered). Increasing the complexity from the relatively homogeneous pelvic region to the very inhomogeneous lung region resulted in less accurate dose distributions. Improvements in the calculated dose have been shown when models consider volume scatter and changes in electron transport, especially when the extension of the irradiated volume was limited and when low densities were present in or adjacent to the fields. A Monte Carlo calculated algorithm input data set and a benchmark set for a virtual linear accelerator have been produced which have facilitated the analysis and interpretation of the results. The more sophisticated","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47713890,"asset_id":9590264,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22722531,"first_name":"Brigitte","last_name":"Reniers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrigitteReniers","display_name":"Brigitte Reniers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrigitteReniers?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":6974,"name":"Monte Carlo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":8726,"name":"Brachytherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brachytherapy?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=69542"},{"id":11200,"name":"Nuclear Medicine Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Medicine_Physics?f_ri=69542"},{"id":13422,"name":"Medical Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physics?f_ri=69542"},{"id":37292,"name":"Colorectal cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colorectal_cancer?f_ri=69542"},{"id":51698,"name":"Lung Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lung_Cancer?f_ri=69542"},{"id":53293,"name":"Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software?f_ri=69542"},{"id":53661,"name":"Head and Neck","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Head_and_Neck?f_ri=69542"},{"id":56001,"name":"X Rays","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_Rays?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":132784,"name":"Low Energy Buildngs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Energy_Buildngs?f_ri=69542"},{"id":186094,"name":"Electron Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Transport?f_ri=69542"},{"id":335365,"name":"Radiometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiometry?f_ri=69542"},{"id":377624,"name":"Medical Linear Accelerator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Linear_Accelerator?f_ri=69542"},{"id":407130,"name":"Photons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photons?f_ri=69542"},{"id":469018,"name":"Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms?f_ri=69542"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=69542"},{"id":737256,"name":"Treatment planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_planning?f_ri=69542"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1333436,"name":"Monte Carlo Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo_Method?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1394166,"name":"Software Validation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Validation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1499498,"name":"High energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_energy?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1795766,"name":"Treatment Planning System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Planning_System?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2440562,"name":"Colorectal Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colorectal_Neoplasms?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18755604" data-work_id="18755604" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18755604/Oxytocin_shapes_parental_motion_during_father_infant_interaction">Oxytocin shapes parental motion during father-infant interaction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">interaction infant − Oxytocin shapes parental motion during father Supplementary data ml An infant-oriented parental repertoire contributes to an infant's development and well-being. The role of oxytocin (OT) in promoting affiliative... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18755604" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">interaction infant − Oxytocin shapes parental motion during father Supplementary data ml An infant-oriented parental repertoire contributes to an infant's development and well-being. The role of oxytocin (OT) in promoting affiliative bonds and parenting has been established in numerous animal and human studies. Recently, acute administration of OT to a parent was found to enhance the carer's, but at the same time also the infant's, physiological and behavioural readiness for dyadic social engagement. Yet, the exact cues that are involved in this affiliative transmission process remain unclear. The existing literature suggests that motion and vocalization are key social signals for the offspring that facilitates social participation, and that distance and motion perception are modulated by OT in humans. Here, we employed a computational method on video vignettes of human parent-infant interaction including 32 fathers that were administered OT or a placebo in a crossover experimental design. Results indicate that OT modulates parental proximity to the infant, as well as the father's head speed and head acceleration but not the father's vocalization during dyadic interaction. Similarly, the infant's OT reactivity is positively correlated with father's head acceleration. The current findings are the first to report a relationship between the OT system and parental motion characteristics, further suggesting that the cross-generation transmission of parenting in humans might be underlaid by nuanced, infant-oriented, gestures relating to the carer's proximity, speed and acceleration within the dyadic context.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18755604" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cdfd150cffc7d5f53c163aec0806f998" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40238056,"asset_id":18755604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40238056/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38830855" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohamedChetouani">Mohamed Chetouani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38830855" type="text/json">{"id":38830855,"first_name":"Mohamed","last_name":"Chetouani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohamedChetouani","display_name":"Mohamed Chetouani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohamedChetouani?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18755604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18755604"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18755604, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18755604", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18755604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18755604; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18755604"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18755604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18755604"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18755604; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18755604]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18755604").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18755604").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18755604"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="859" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication">Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="859" type="text/json">{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4545" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parenting">Parenting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4545" type="text/json">{"id":4545,"name":"Parenting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parenting?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4583" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development">Child Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4583" type="text/json">{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24631" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fathers">Fathers</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24631" type="text/json">{"id":24631,"name":"Fathers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fathers?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18755604]'), work: {"id":18755604,"title":"Oxytocin shapes parental motion during father-infant interaction","created_at":"2015-11-21T08:02:00.579-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18755604/Oxytocin_shapes_parental_motion_during_father_infant_interaction?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_18755604","summary":"interaction infant − Oxytocin shapes parental motion during father Supplementary data ml An infant-oriented parental repertoire contributes to an infant's development and well-being. The role of oxytocin (OT) in promoting affiliative bonds and parenting has been established in numerous animal and human studies. Recently, acute administration of OT to a parent was found to enhance the carer's, but at the same time also the infant's, physiological and behavioural readiness for dyadic social engagement. Yet, the exact cues that are involved in this affiliative transmission process remain unclear. The existing literature suggests that motion and vocalization are key social signals for the offspring that facilitates social participation, and that distance and motion perception are modulated by OT in humans. Here, we employed a computational method on video vignettes of human parent-infant interaction including 32 fathers that were administered OT or a placebo in a crossover experimental design. Results indicate that OT modulates parental proximity to the infant, as well as the father's head speed and head acceleration but not the father's vocalization during dyadic interaction. Similarly, the infant's OT reactivity is positively correlated with father's head acceleration. The current findings are the first to report a relationship between the OT system and parental motion characteristics, further suggesting that the cross-generation transmission of parenting in humans might be underlaid by nuanced, infant-oriented, gestures relating to the carer's proximity, speed and acceleration within the dyadic context.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40238056,"asset_id":18755604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38830855,"first_name":"Mohamed","last_name":"Chetouani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohamedChetouani","display_name":"Mohamed Chetouani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohamedChetouani?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":4545,"name":"Parenting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parenting?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":24631,"name":"Fathers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fathers?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":53331,"name":"Social behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior?f_ri=69542"},{"id":53735,"name":"Oxytocin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxytocin?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":84745,"name":"Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement?f_ri=69542"},{"id":123404,"name":"Verbal behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Verbal_behavior?f_ri=69542"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=69542"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=69542"},{"id":344106,"name":"Saliva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saliva?f_ri=69542"},{"id":628583,"name":"Social Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Behavior-1?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1146830,"name":"Cross-Over Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Over_Studies?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62977356" data-work_id="62977356" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62977356/Single_Charge_Current_in_a_Normal_Mesoscopic_Region_Attached_to_Superconductor_Leads_via_a_Coupled_Poisson_Nonequilibrium_Green_Function_Formalism">Single Charge Current in a Normal Mesoscopic Region Attached to Superconductor Leads via a Coupled Poisson Nonequilibrium Green Function Formalism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We study theI-Vcharacteristic of mesoscopic systems or quantum dot (QD) attached to a pair of superconducting leads. Interaction effects in the QD are considered through the charging energy of the QD; that is, the treatment of current... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62977356" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We study theI-Vcharacteristic of mesoscopic systems or quantum dot (QD) attached to a pair of superconducting leads. Interaction effects in the QD are considered through the charging energy of the QD; that is, the treatment of current transport under a voltage bias is performed within a coupled Poisson nonequilibrium Green function (PNEGF) formalism. We derive the expression for the current in full generality but consider only the regime where transport occurs only via a single particle current. We show for this case and for various charging energies valuesU0and associated capacitances of the QD the effect on theI-Vcharacteristic. Also the influence of the coupling constants on theI-Vcharacteristic is investigated. Our approach puts forward a novel interpretation of experiments in the strong Coulomb regime.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62977356" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a25aa3dabdd5e93038fe7f91e49ae579" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75563014,"asset_id":62977356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75563014/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="131420031" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RafaelErnestoRangelCardenas">Rafael Ernesto Rangel Cardenas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="131420031" type="text/json">{"id":131420031,"first_name":"Rafael Ernesto","last_name":"Rangel Cardenas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RafaelErnestoRangelCardenas","display_name":"Rafael Ernesto Rangel Cardenas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RafaelErnestoRangelCardenas?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/131420031/37077695/31507589/s65_rafael_ernesto.rangel_cardenas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62977356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62977356"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62977356, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62977356", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_62977356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62977356; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_62977356"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_62977356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="62977356"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62977356; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62977356]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62977356").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62977356").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62977356"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6160" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Aided_Design">Computer Aided Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6160" type="text/json">{"id":6160,"name":"Computer Aided Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Aided_Design?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48317" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Dots">Quantum Dots</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48317" type="text/json">{"id":48317,"name":"Quantum Dots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Dots?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62977356]'), work: {"id":62977356,"title":"Single Charge Current in a Normal Mesoscopic Region Attached to Superconductor Leads via a Coupled Poisson Nonequilibrium Green Function Formalism","created_at":"2021-12-02T06:20:44.521-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62977356/Single_Charge_Current_in_a_Normal_Mesoscopic_Region_Attached_to_Superconductor_Leads_via_a_Coupled_Poisson_Nonequilibrium_Green_Function_Formalism?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_62977356","summary":"We study theI-Vcharacteristic of mesoscopic systems or quantum dot (QD) attached to a pair of superconducting leads. Interaction effects in the QD are considered through the charging energy of the QD; that is, the treatment of current transport under a voltage bias is performed within a coupled Poisson nonequilibrium Green function (PNEGF) formalism. We derive the expression for the current in full generality but consider only the regime where transport occurs only via a single particle current. We show for this case and for various charging energies valuesU0and associated capacitances of the QD the effect on theI-Vcharacteristic. Also the influence of the coupling constants on theI-Vcharacteristic is investigated. Our approach puts forward a novel interpretation of experiments in the strong Coulomb regime.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75563014,"asset_id":62977356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":131420031,"first_name":"Rafael Ernesto","last_name":"Rangel Cardenas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RafaelErnestoRangelCardenas","display_name":"Rafael Ernesto Rangel Cardenas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RafaelErnestoRangelCardenas?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/131420031/37077695/31507589/s65_rafael_ernesto.rangel_cardenas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":6160,"name":"Computer Aided Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Aided_Design?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":48317,"name":"Quantum Dots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Dots?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":343667,"name":"Theoretical Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Models?f_ri=69542"},{"id":846015,"name":"Electrodes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrodes?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1145520,"name":"Equipment Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equipment_Design?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1157424,"name":"Equipment Failure Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equipment_Failure_Analysis?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1202042,"name":"Electric Conductivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electric_Conductivity?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1281440,"name":"Electric Capacitance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electric_Capacitance?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1451660,"name":"Static Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Static_Electricity?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2444771" data-work_id="2444771" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2444771/Condition_monitoring_of_3G_cellular_networks_through_competitive_neural_models">Condition monitoring of 3G cellular networks through competitive neural models</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We develop an unsupervised approach to condition monitoring of cellular networks using competitive neural algorithms. Training is carried out with state vectors representing the normal functioning of a simulated CDMA2000 network. Once... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2444771" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We develop an unsupervised approach to condition monitoring of cellular networks using competitive neural algorithms. Training is carried out with state vectors representing the normal functioning of a simulated CDMA2000 network. Once training is completed, global and local normality profiles (NPs) are built from the distribution of quantization errors of the training state vectors and their components, respectively. The global NP is used to evaluate the overall condition of the cellular system. If abnormal behavior is detected, local NPs are used in a component-wise fashion to find abnormal state variables. Anomaly detection tests are performed via percentile-based confidence intervals computed over the global and local NPs. We compared the performance of four competitive algorithms (WTA, FSCL, SOM and Neural-Gas) and the results suggest that the joint use of global and local NPs is more efficient and more robust than current single-threshold methods. and Wideband CDMA, respectively, which are 3G technologies capable of providing speeds of up to 2Mbits/sec. 2 CDMA2000, also called 1xRTT (single carrier radio transmission technology), is a 3G wireless technology based on the CDMA platform which has the capability of providing speeds of up to 144 Kbps.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2444771" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fee911e5e0ff8ce03bebd4b2637aa28e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50622092,"asset_id":2444771,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50622092/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3177854" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RewbenioFrota">Rewbenio A . Frota</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3177854" type="text/json">{"id":3177854,"first_name":"Rewbenio","last_name":"Frota","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RewbenioFrota","display_name":"Rewbenio A . Frota","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RewbenioFrota?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3177854/1045071/1305416/s65_rewbenio.frota.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2444771 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2444771"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2444771, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2444771", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2444771 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2444771; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2444771"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2444771 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2444771"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2444771; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2444771]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2444771").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2444771").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2444771"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="465" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="465" type="text/json">{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3974" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3974" type="text/json">{"id":3974,"name":"Telecommunications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecommunications?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8202" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Phones">Cell Phones</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8202" type="text/json">{"id":8202,"name":"Cell Phones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Phones?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2444771]'), work: {"id":2444771,"title":"Condition monitoring of 3G cellular networks through competitive neural models","created_at":"2013-01-22T03:47:12.439-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2444771/Condition_monitoring_of_3G_cellular_networks_through_competitive_neural_models?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_2444771","summary":"We develop an unsupervised approach to condition monitoring of cellular networks using competitive neural algorithms. Training is carried out with state vectors representing the normal functioning of a simulated CDMA2000 network. Once training is completed, global and local normality profiles (NPs) are built from the distribution of quantization errors of the training state vectors and their components, respectively. The global NP is used to evaluate the overall condition of the cellular system. If abnormal behavior is detected, local NPs are used in a component-wise fashion to find abnormal state variables. Anomaly detection tests are performed via percentile-based confidence intervals computed over the global and local NPs. We compared the performance of four competitive algorithms (WTA, FSCL, SOM and Neural-Gas) and the results suggest that the joint use of global and local NPs is more efficient and more robust than current single-threshold methods. and Wideband CDMA, respectively, which are 3G technologies capable of providing speeds of up to 2Mbits/sec. 2 CDMA2000, also called 1xRTT (single carrier radio transmission technology), is a 3G wireless technology based on the CDMA platform which has the capability of providing speeds of up to 144 Kbps.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50622092,"asset_id":2444771,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3177854,"first_name":"Rewbenio","last_name":"Frota","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RewbenioFrota","display_name":"Rewbenio A . Frota","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RewbenioFrota?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3177854/1045071/1305416/s65_rewbenio.frota.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":3974,"name":"Telecommunications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecommunications?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":8202,"name":"Cell Phones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Phones?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":11598,"name":"Neural Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Networks?f_ri=69542"},{"id":11900,"name":"Condition Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condition_Monitoring?f_ri=69542"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=69542"},{"id":31349,"name":"Anomaly Detection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anomaly_Detection?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":150432,"name":"Cellular Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular_Network?f_ri=69542"},{"id":172678,"name":"Artifacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artifacts?f_ri=69542"},{"id":255453,"name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Storage_and_Retrieval?f_ri=69542"},{"id":381295,"name":"Competitive Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Competitive_Learning?f_ri=69542"},{"id":557803,"name":"Self Organized Map","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Organized_Map?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1191356,"name":"Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1587858,"name":"Confidence Interval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confidence_Interval?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1714296,"name":"Cellular system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular_system?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17651822" data-work_id="17651822" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17651822/A_Comparative_Analysis_of_Different_Treatments_for_Distal_Femur_Fractures_using_the_Finite_Element_Method">A Comparative Analysis of Different Treatments for Distal Femur Fractures using the Finite Element Method</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The main objective of this work is the evaluation, by means of the finite element method (FEM) of the mechanical stability and long-term microstructural modifications in bone induced to three different kinds of fractures of the distal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17651822" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The main objective of this work is the evaluation, by means of the finite element method (FEM) of the mechanical stability and long-term microstructural modifications in bone induced to three different kinds of fractures of the distal femur by three types of implants: the Condyle Plate, the less invasive stabilization system plate (LISS) and the distal femur nail (DFN). The displacement and the stress distributions both in bone and implants and the internal bone remodelling process after fracture and fixation are obtained and analysed by computational simulation. The main conclusions of this work are that distal femoral fractures can be treated correctly with the Condyle Plate, the LISS plate and the DFN. The stresses both in LISS and DFN implant are high especially around the screws. When respect to remodelling, the LISS produces an important resorption in the fractured region, while the other two implants do not strongly modify bone tissue microstructure.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17651822" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="38fe7b0db6a8ecb8c537de1fa79cbf56" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39639386,"asset_id":17651822,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39639386/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37550228" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BelenSeral">Belen Seral</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37550228" type="text/json">{"id":37550228,"first_name":"Belen","last_name":"Seral","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BelenSeral","display_name":"Belen Seral","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BelenSeral?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37550228/102642817/91811202/s65_belen.seral.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17651822 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17651822"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17651822, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17651822", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17651822 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17651822; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17651822"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17651822 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17651822"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17651822; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17651822]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17651822").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17651822").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17651822"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="596" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry">Dentistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="596" type="text/json">{"id":596,"name":"Dentistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering">Biomedical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1131" type="text/json">{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3132" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3132" type="text/json">{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12147" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_element_method">Finite element method</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12147" type="text/json">{"id":12147,"name":"Finite element method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_element_method?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17651822]'), work: {"id":17651822,"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Different Treatments for Distal Femur Fractures using the Finite Element Method","created_at":"2015-11-03T06:04:30.082-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17651822/A_Comparative_Analysis_of_Different_Treatments_for_Distal_Femur_Fractures_using_the_Finite_Element_Method?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_17651822","summary":"The main objective of this work is the evaluation, by means of the finite element method (FEM) of the mechanical stability and long-term microstructural modifications in bone induced to three different kinds of fractures of the distal femur by three types of implants: the Condyle Plate, the less invasive stabilization system plate (LISS) and the distal femur nail (DFN). The displacement and the stress distributions both in bone and implants and the internal bone remodelling process after fracture and fixation are obtained and analysed by computational simulation. The main conclusions of this work are that distal femoral fractures can be treated correctly with the Condyle Plate, the LISS plate and the DFN. The stresses both in LISS and DFN implant are high especially around the screws. When respect to remodelling, the LISS produces an important resorption in the fractured region, while the other two implants do not strongly modify bone tissue microstructure.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39639386,"asset_id":17651822,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37550228,"first_name":"Belen","last_name":"Seral","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BelenSeral","display_name":"Belen Seral","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BelenSeral?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37550228/102642817/91811202/s65_belen.seral.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":596,"name":"Dentistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":12147,"name":"Finite element method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_element_method?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=69542"},{"id":48904,"name":"Elasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elasticity?f_ri=69542"},{"id":49273,"name":"Finite Element Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element_Analysis?f_ri=69542"},{"id":55246,"name":"Computer assisted orthopaedic surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_assisted_orthopaedic_surgery?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":84745,"name":"Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement?f_ri=69542"},{"id":152553,"name":"Comparative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Analysis?f_ri=69542"},{"id":254893,"name":"Finite element simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_element_simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=69542"},{"id":473797,"name":"Microstructures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microstructures?f_ri=69542"},{"id":603553,"name":"Stress distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_distribution?f_ri=69542"},{"id":616689,"name":"Bone remodeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_remodeling?f_ri=69542"},{"id":632946,"name":"Stress Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_Distribution-1?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1144130,"name":"Weight Bearing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Bearing?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1146776,"name":"Bone Nails","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_Nails?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1157424,"name":"Equipment Failure Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equipment_Failure_Analysis?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13208412 coauthored" data-work_id="13208412" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13208412/Building_a_Transnational_Biosurveillance_Network_Using_Semantic_Web_Technologies_Requirements_Design_and_Preliminary_Evaluation">Building a Transnational Biosurveillance Network Using Semantic Web Technologies: Requirements, Design, and Preliminary Evaluation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Antimicrobial resistance has reached globally alarming levels and is becoming a major public health threat. Lack of efficacious antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems was identified as one of the causes of increasing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13208412" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Antimicrobial resistance has reached globally alarming levels and is becoming a major public health threat. Lack of efficacious antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems was identified as one of the causes of increasing resistance, due to the lag time between new resistances and alerts to care providers. Several initiatives to track drug resistance evolution have been developed. However, no effective real-time and source-independent antimicrobial resistance monitoring system is available publicly.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13208412" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d533fa3a024c2d15b1174eb7b6a5d05b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45590382,"asset_id":13208412,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45590382/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32541866" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PRuch">Patrick Ruch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32541866" type="text/json">{"id":32541866,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Ruch","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PRuch","display_name":"Patrick Ruch","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PRuch?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32541866/15085370/15800714/s65_patrick.ruch.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13208412">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13208412"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://hes-so.academia.edu/JulienGobeill">Julien Gobeill</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13208412'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13208412').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13208412 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13208412"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13208412, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13208412", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13208412 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13208412; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13208412"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13208412 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13208412"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13208412; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13208412]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13208412").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13208412").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13208412"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation">International Cooperation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12054" type="text/json">{"id":12054,"name":"International Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13208412]'), work: {"id":13208412,"title":"Building a Transnational Biosurveillance Network Using Semantic Web Technologies: Requirements, Design, and Preliminary Evaluation","created_at":"2015-06-23T06:49:52.769-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13208412/Building_a_Transnational_Biosurveillance_Network_Using_Semantic_Web_Technologies_Requirements_Design_and_Preliminary_Evaluation?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_13208412","summary":"Background: Antimicrobial resistance has reached globally alarming levels and is becoming a major public health threat. Lack of efficacious antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems was identified as one of the causes of increasing resistance, due to the lag time between new resistances and alerts to care providers. Several initiatives to track drug resistance evolution have been developed. However, no effective real-time and source-independent antimicrobial resistance monitoring system is available publicly.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45590382,"asset_id":13208412,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32541866,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Ruch","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PRuch","display_name":"Patrick Ruch","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PRuch?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32541866/15085370/15800714/s65_patrick.ruch.jpg"},{"id":32463478,"first_name":"Julien","last_name":"Gobeill","domain_name":"hes-so","page_name":"JulienGobeill","display_name":"Julien Gobeill","profile_url":"https://hes-so.academia.edu/JulienGobeill?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":12054,"name":"International Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":17711,"name":"Semantic Web","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantic_Web?f_ri=69542"},{"id":35620,"name":"Antibiotic Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibiotic_Resistance?f_ri=69542"},{"id":53293,"name":"Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":75610,"name":"Bacterial resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_resistance?f_ri=69542"},{"id":95152,"name":"SEMANTIC WEB TECHNOLOGY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SEMANTIC_WEB_TECHNOLOGY?f_ri=69542"},{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=69542"},{"id":115151,"name":"Microbial genetic and drug resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_genetic_and_drug_resistance?f_ri=69542"},{"id":172749,"name":"Antimicrobial resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_resistance?f_ri=69542"},{"id":190001,"name":"Agile software development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agile_software_development?f_ri=69542"},{"id":255094,"name":"Computer User Interface Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_User_Interface_Design?f_ri=69542"},{"id":509514,"name":"Surveillance System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveillance_System?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1003601,"name":"Monitoring System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monitoring_System?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1191356,"name":"Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1587858,"name":"Confidence Interval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confidence_Interval?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2025349,"name":"Heterogeneous Data Sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heterogeneous_Data_Sources?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2036633,"name":"Medical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2075359,"name":"Web Interface","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_Interface?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47104073" data-work_id="47104073" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47104073/Water_and_Backbone_Dynamics_in_a_Hydrated_Protein">Water and Backbone Dynamics in a Hydrated Protein</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Rotational immobilization of proteins permits characterization of the internal peptide and water molecule dynamics by magnetic relaxation dispersion spectroscopy. Using different experimental approaches, we have extended measurements of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47104073" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Rotational immobilization of proteins permits characterization of the internal peptide and water molecule dynamics by magnetic relaxation dispersion spectroscopy. Using different experimental approaches, we have extended measurements of the magnetic field dependence of the proton-spin-lattice-relaxation rate by one decade from 0.01 to 300 MHz for 1 H and showed that the underlying dynamics driving the protein 1 H spin-lattice relaxation is preserved over 4.5 decades in frequency. This extension is critical to understanding the role of 1 H 2 O in the total proton-spin-relaxation process. The fact that the proteinproton-relaxation-dispersion profile is a power law in frequency with constant coefficient and exponent over nearly 5 decades indicates that the characteristics of the native protein structural fluctuations that cause proton nuclear spin-lattice relaxation are remarkably constant over this wide frequency and length-scale interval. Comparison of protein-proton-spin-lattice-relaxation rate constants in protein gels equilibrated with 2 H 2 O rather than 1 H 2 O shows that water protons make an important contribution to the total spin-lattice relaxation in the middle of this frequency range for hydrated proteins because of water molecule dynamics in the time range of tens of ns. This water contribution is with the motion of relatively rare, long-lived, and perhaps buried water molecules constrained by the confinement. The presence of water molecule reorientational dynamics in the tens of ns range that are sufficient to affect the spin-lattice relaxation driven by 1 H dipole-dipole fluctuations should make the local dielectric properties in the protein frequency dependent in a regime relevant to catalytically important kinetic barriers to conformational rearrangements.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47104073" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="852f5b14d2f9f8c80318d42f91c47892" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66374754,"asset_id":47104073,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66374754/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39593482" href="https://virginia.academia.edu/GalinaDiakova">Galina Diakova</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39593482" type="text/json">{"id":39593482,"first_name":"Galina","last_name":"Diakova","domain_name":"virginia","page_name":"GalinaDiakova","display_name":"Galina Diakova","profile_url":"https://virginia.academia.edu/GalinaDiakova?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47104073 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47104073"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47104073, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47104073", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47104073 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47104073; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47104073"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47104073 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47104073"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47104073; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47104073]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47104073").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47104073").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47104073"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics">Kinetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4987" type="text/json">{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biophysical_Chemistry">Biophysical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19156" type="text/json">{"id":19156,"name":"Biophysical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biophysical_Chemistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34754" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_field">Magnetic field</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34754" type="text/json">{"id":34754,"name":"Magnetic field","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_field?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47104073]'), work: {"id":47104073,"title":"Water and Backbone Dynamics in a Hydrated Protein","created_at":"2021-04-20T19:34:32.250-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47104073/Water_and_Backbone_Dynamics_in_a_Hydrated_Protein?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_47104073","summary":"Rotational immobilization of proteins permits characterization of the internal peptide and water molecule dynamics by magnetic relaxation dispersion spectroscopy. Using different experimental approaches, we have extended measurements of the magnetic field dependence of the proton-spin-lattice-relaxation rate by one decade from 0.01 to 300 MHz for 1 H and showed that the underlying dynamics driving the protein 1 H spin-lattice relaxation is preserved over 4.5 decades in frequency. This extension is critical to understanding the role of 1 H 2 O in the total proton-spin-relaxation process. The fact that the proteinproton-relaxation-dispersion profile is a power law in frequency with constant coefficient and exponent over nearly 5 decades indicates that the characteristics of the native protein structural fluctuations that cause proton nuclear spin-lattice relaxation are remarkably constant over this wide frequency and length-scale interval. Comparison of protein-proton-spin-lattice-relaxation rate constants in protein gels equilibrated with 2 H 2 O rather than 1 H 2 O shows that water protons make an important contribution to the total spin-lattice relaxation in the middle of this frequency range for hydrated proteins because of water molecule dynamics in the time range of tens of ns. This water contribution is with the motion of relatively rare, long-lived, and perhaps buried water molecules constrained by the confinement. The presence of water molecule reorientational dynamics in the tens of ns range that are sufficient to affect the spin-lattice relaxation driven by 1 H dipole-dipole fluctuations should make the local dielectric properties in the protein frequency dependent in a regime relevant to catalytically important kinetic barriers to conformational rearrangements.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66374754,"asset_id":47104073,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39593482,"first_name":"Galina","last_name":"Diakova","domain_name":"virginia","page_name":"GalinaDiakova","display_name":"Galina Diakova","profile_url":"https://virginia.academia.edu/GalinaDiakova?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":19156,"name":"Biophysical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biophysical_Chemistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":34754,"name":"Magnetic field","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_field?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":113890,"name":"Power Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Law?f_ri=69542"},{"id":118582,"name":"Physical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":166367,"name":"Protein structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_structure?f_ri=69542"},{"id":181569,"name":"Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins?f_ri=69542"},{"id":186260,"name":"Dielectric Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dielectric_Properties?f_ri=69542"},{"id":190381,"name":"Spin Relaxation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spin_Relaxation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=69542"},{"id":349439,"name":"Frequency Dependence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frequency_Dependence?f_ri=69542"},{"id":414692,"name":"Solutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solutions?f_ri=69542"},{"id":453823,"name":"Length scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Length_scale?f_ri=69542"},{"id":945575,"name":"Electric Dipole Moments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electric_Dipole_Moments?f_ri=69542"},{"id":3430039,"name":"Rate Constant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rate_Constant?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13738316" data-work_id="13738316" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13738316/Drug_permeation_in_biomembranes_in_vitro_and_in_silico_prediction_and_influence_of_physicochemical_properties">Drug permeation in biomembranes: in vitro and in silico prediction and influence of physicochemical properties</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the past decades, it has become increasingly apparent that in addition to therapeutic effect, drugs need to exhibit favourable absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) characteristics to produce a desirable response in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13738316" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the past decades, it has become increasingly apparent that in addition to therapeutic effect, drugs need to exhibit favourable absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) characteristics to produce a desirable response in vivo. As the recent progress in drug discovery technology enables rapid synthesis of vast numbers of potential drug candidates, robust methods are required for the effective screening of compounds synthesized within such programs, so that compounds with poor pharmacokinetic properties can be rejected at an early stage of drug development. Furthermore, a viable in silico method would save resources by enabling virtual screening of drug candidates already prior to synthesis. This review gives a general overview of the approaches aimed at predicting biological permeation, one of the cornerstones behind the ADME behaviour of drugs. The most important experimental and computational models are reviewed. Physicochemical factors underlying the permeation process are discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13738316" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ea7ce8c22240170da741c008c5c6427" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38834178,"asset_id":13738316,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38834178/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32859969" href="https://aalto-fi.academia.edu/LasseMurtomaki">Lasse Murtomaki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32859969" type="text/json">{"id":32859969,"first_name":"Lasse","last_name":"Murtomaki","domain_name":"aalto-fi","page_name":"LasseMurtomaki","display_name":"Lasse Murtomaki","profile_url":"https://aalto-fi.academia.edu/LasseMurtomaki?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32859969/20214864/19940125/s65_lasse.murtomaki.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13738316 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13738316"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13738316, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13738316", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13738316 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13738316; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13738316"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13738316 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13738316"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13738316; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13738316]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13738316").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13738316").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13738316"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="532" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Chemistry">Physical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="532" type="text/json">{"id":532,"name":"Physical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Chemistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4377" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membranes">Membranes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4377" type="text/json">{"id":4377,"name":"Membranes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membranes?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7968" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction">Prediction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7968" type="text/json">{"id":7968,"name":"Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13738316]'), work: {"id":13738316,"title":"Drug permeation in biomembranes: in vitro and in silico prediction and influence of physicochemical properties","created_at":"2015-07-07T01:17:55.806-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13738316/Drug_permeation_in_biomembranes_in_vitro_and_in_silico_prediction_and_influence_of_physicochemical_properties?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_13738316","summary":"In the past decades, it has become increasingly apparent that in addition to therapeutic effect, drugs need to exhibit favourable absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) characteristics to produce a desirable response in vivo. As the recent progress in drug discovery technology enables rapid synthesis of vast numbers of potential drug candidates, robust methods are required for the effective screening of compounds synthesized within such programs, so that compounds with poor pharmacokinetic properties can be rejected at an early stage of drug development. Furthermore, a viable in silico method would save resources by enabling virtual screening of drug candidates already prior to synthesis. This review gives a general overview of the approaches aimed at predicting biological permeation, one of the cornerstones behind the ADME behaviour of drugs. The most important experimental and computational models are reviewed. Physicochemical factors underlying the permeation process are discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38834178,"asset_id":13738316,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32859969,"first_name":"Lasse","last_name":"Murtomaki","domain_name":"aalto-fi","page_name":"LasseMurtomaki","display_name":"Lasse Murtomaki","profile_url":"https://aalto-fi.academia.edu/LasseMurtomaki?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32859969/20214864/19940125/s65_lasse.murtomaki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":532,"name":"Physical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Chemistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":4377,"name":"Membranes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membranes?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":7968,"name":"Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":11111,"name":"Pharmacokinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacokinetics?f_ri=69542"},{"id":59370,"name":"In Vitro","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vitro?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":83972,"name":"Permeability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Permeability?f_ri=69542"},{"id":84249,"name":"Computational Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Models?f_ri=69542"},{"id":121823,"name":"Biomembrane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomembrane?f_ri=69542"},{"id":135503,"name":"Partition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Partition?f_ri=69542"},{"id":162983,"name":"Absorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Absorption?f_ri=69542"},{"id":279027,"name":"European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2380004,"name":"Pharmaceutical preparations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_preparations?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27976060" data-work_id="27976060" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27976060/Management_of_cochlear_implantation_in_patients_with_malformations">Management of cochlear implantation in patients with malformations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dear Editor, Cochlear implantation in congenital and acquired deafness is an approved auditory rehabilitation treatment. Malformations are of special interest nowadays, as the indication for cochlear implant surgery is expanding.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27976060" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dear Editor, Cochlear implantation in congenital and acquired deafness is an approved auditory rehabilitation treatment. Malformations are of special interest nowadays, as the indication for cochlear implant surgery is expanding. Inner-ear malformations constitute about 20% of congenital sensorineural hearing loss. 1 In a retrospective evaluation, we found 12% malformations in children and 3% malformations in adults. 2 In 1987, Jackler 1 presented a classification of inner-ear malformations, based on the embryological genesis. Sennaroglu and Saatci 3 suggested an extension, based on the initial classification. The basic classification distinguishes malformations of the cochlea and vestibular labyrinth, and additionally abnormalities of the internal auditory canal (IAC). This classification provides an excellent basis for detecting malformations of the inner ear. Nevertheless, it must be expanded to include malformations due to syndromes, which, in their complexity, are not simple to classify, for example innerear malformations in Mondini dysplasia, CHARGE-syndrome and X-linked deafness syndrome. We used these classifications in 29 patients as a basis for a newly developed flow chart which enabled us to preoperatively calculate adaptation of the surgical procedure according to the extent of the malformations. The description of our flow chart is based on two patients with complex malformations of the labyrinth.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27976060" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0e3e7b505cb3920c50fedc9af947a378" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48278965,"asset_id":27976060,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48278965/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32519027" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RolandLaszig">Roland Laszig</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32519027" type="text/json">{"id":32519027,"first_name":"Roland","last_name":"Laszig","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RolandLaszig","display_name":"Roland Laszig","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RolandLaszig?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27976060 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27976060"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27976060, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27976060", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27976060 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27976060; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27976060"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27976060 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27976060"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27976060; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27976060]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27976060").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27976060").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27976060"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5391" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech_perception">Speech perception</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5391" type="text/json">{"id":5391,"name":"Speech perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech_perception?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="76622" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cochlear_Implant">Cochlear Implant</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="76622" type="text/json">{"id":76622,"name":"Cochlear Implant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cochlear_Implant?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134346" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant">Infant</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="134346" type="text/json">{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27976060]'), work: {"id":27976060,"title":"Management of cochlear implantation in patients with malformations","created_at":"2016-08-24T04:57:53.472-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27976060/Management_of_cochlear_implantation_in_patients_with_malformations?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_27976060","summary":"Dear Editor, Cochlear implantation in congenital and acquired deafness is an approved auditory rehabilitation treatment. Malformations are of special interest nowadays, as the indication for cochlear implant surgery is expanding. Inner-ear malformations constitute about 20% of congenital sensorineural hearing loss. 1 In a retrospective evaluation, we found 12% malformations in children and 3% malformations in adults. 2 In 1987, Jackler 1 presented a classification of inner-ear malformations, based on the embryological genesis. Sennaroglu and Saatci 3 suggested an extension, based on the initial classification. The basic classification distinguishes malformations of the cochlea and vestibular labyrinth, and additionally abnormalities of the internal auditory canal (IAC). This classification provides an excellent basis for detecting malformations of the inner ear. Nevertheless, it must be expanded to include malformations due to syndromes, which, in their complexity, are not simple to classify, for example innerear malformations in Mondini dysplasia, CHARGE-syndrome and X-linked deafness syndrome. We used these classifications in 29 patients as a basis for a newly developed flow chart which enabled us to preoperatively calculate adaptation of the surgical procedure according to the extent of the malformations. The description of our flow chart is based on two patients with complex malformations of the labyrinth.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48278965,"asset_id":27976060,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32519027,"first_name":"Roland","last_name":"Laszig","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RolandLaszig","display_name":"Roland Laszig","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RolandLaszig?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5391,"name":"Speech perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech_perception?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":76622,"name":"Cochlear Implant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cochlear_Implant?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=69542"},{"id":197299,"name":"Inner Ear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inner_Ear?f_ri=69542"},{"id":226636,"name":"Deafness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deafness?f_ri=69542"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1253980,"name":"Cochlear Implantation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cochlear_Implantation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59636006" data-work_id="59636006" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59636006/A_review_and_assessment_of_hydrodynamic_cavitation_as_a_technology_for_the_future">A review and assessment of hydrodynamic cavitation as a technology for the future</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the present work, the current status of the hydrodynamic cavitation reactors has been reviewed discussing the bubble dynamics analysis, optimum design considerations, design correlations for cavitational intensity (in terms of collapse... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_59636006" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the present work, the current status of the hydrodynamic cavitation reactors has been reviewed discussing the bubble dynamics analysis, optimum design considerations, design correlations for cavitational intensity (in terms of collapse pressure)/cavitational yield and different successful chemical synthesis applications clearly illustrating the utility of these types of reactors. The theoretical discussion based on the modeling of the bubble dynamics equations aims at understanding the design information related to the dependency of the cavitational intensity on the operating parameters and recommendations have been made for the choice of the optimized conditions of operating parameters. The design information based on the theoretical analysis has also been supported with some experimental illustrations concentrating on the chemical synthesis applications. Assessment of the hydrodynamic cavitation reactors and comparison with the sonochemical reactors has been done by citing the different industrially important reactions (oxidation of toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, mesitylene, o-nitrotoluene, p-nitrotoluene, m-nitrotoluene, o-chlorotoluene and p-chlorotoulene, and trans-esterification reaction i.e., synthesis of bio-diesel). Some recommendations have also been made for the future work to be carried out as well as the choice of the operating conditions for realizing the dream of industrial scale applications of the cavitational reactors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59636006" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eda35f7f2a5a240c54899c42bd984664" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73457184,"asset_id":59636006,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73457184/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28031570" href="https://ictmumbai.academia.edu/AniruddhaPandit">Aniruddha Pandit</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28031570" type="text/json">{"id":28031570,"first_name":"Aniruddha","last_name":"Pandit","domain_name":"ictmumbai","page_name":"AniruddhaPandit","display_name":"Aniruddha Pandit","profile_url":"https://ictmumbai.academia.edu/AniruddhaPandit?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59636006 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59636006"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59636006, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59636006", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_59636006 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59636006; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_59636006"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_59636006 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59636006"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59636006; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59636006]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_59636006").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_59636006").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="59636006"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology">Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="923" type="text/json">{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7598" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheology">Rheology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7598" type="text/json">{"id":7598,"name":"Rheology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sonochemistry">Sonochemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22803" type="text/json">{"id":22803,"name":"Sonochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sonochemistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59636006]'), work: {"id":59636006,"title":"A review and assessment of hydrodynamic cavitation as a technology for the future","created_at":"2021-10-23T04:46:26.872-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59636006/A_review_and_assessment_of_hydrodynamic_cavitation_as_a_technology_for_the_future?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_59636006","summary":"In the present work, the current status of the hydrodynamic cavitation reactors has been reviewed discussing the bubble dynamics analysis, optimum design considerations, design correlations for cavitational intensity (in terms of collapse pressure)/cavitational yield and different successful chemical synthesis applications clearly illustrating the utility of these types of reactors. The theoretical discussion based on the modeling of the bubble dynamics equations aims at understanding the design information related to the dependency of the cavitational intensity on the operating parameters and recommendations have been made for the choice of the optimized conditions of operating parameters. The design information based on the theoretical analysis has also been supported with some experimental illustrations concentrating on the chemical synthesis applications. Assessment of the hydrodynamic cavitation reactors and comparison with the sonochemical reactors has been done by citing the different industrially important reactions (oxidation of toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, mesitylene, o-nitrotoluene, p-nitrotoluene, m-nitrotoluene, o-chlorotoluene and p-chlorotoulene, and trans-esterification reaction i.e., synthesis of bio-diesel). Some recommendations have also been made for the future work to be carried out as well as the choice of the operating conditions for realizing the dream of industrial scale applications of the cavitational reactors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73457184,"asset_id":59636006,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28031570,"first_name":"Aniruddha","last_name":"Pandit","domain_name":"ictmumbai","page_name":"AniruddhaPandit","display_name":"Aniruddha Pandit","profile_url":"https://ictmumbai.academia.edu/AniruddhaPandit?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":7598,"name":"Rheology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":22803,"name":"Sonochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sonochemistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":30497,"name":"Bubble Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bubble_Dynamics?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":161282,"name":"Scaling up","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scaling_up?f_ri=69542"},{"id":184965,"name":"Theoretical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Analysis?f_ri=69542"},{"id":392282,"name":"Chemical Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Processing?f_ri=69542"},{"id":477865,"name":"Operant Conditioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operant_Conditioning?f_ri=69542"},{"id":850827,"name":"Optimum Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimum_Design?f_ri=69542"},{"id":960199,"name":"Sonication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sonication?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1145520,"name":"Equipment Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equipment_Design?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1152821,"name":"Chemical Synthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Synthesis?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1180667,"name":"Optimality Condition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimality_Condition?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14701406" data-work_id="14701406" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14701406/A_development_environment_for_predictive_modelling_in_foods">A development environment for predictive modelling in foods</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) is a comprehensive suite of Java class libraries that implement many state-of-the-art machine learning/data mining algorithms. Non-programmers interact with the software via a user... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14701406" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) is a comprehensive suite of Java class libraries that implement many state-of-the-art machine learning/data mining algorithms. Non-programmers interact with the software via a user interface component called the Knowledge Explorer.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14701406" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="677bde68678d902eab8675847a11f7ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43962445,"asset_id":14701406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43962445/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33651567" href="https://waikato.academia.edu/MarkHall">Mark Hall</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33651567" type="text/json">{"id":33651567,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Hall","domain_name":"waikato","page_name":"MarkHall","display_name":"Mark Hall","profile_url":"https://waikato.academia.edu/MarkHall?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14701406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14701406"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14701406, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14701406", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14701406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14701406; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14701406"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14701406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14701406"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14701406; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14701406]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14701406").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14701406").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14701406"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2008" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Machine_Learning">Machine Learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2008" type="text/json">{"id":2008,"name":"Machine Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Machine_Learning?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11119" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/User_Interface">User Interface</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11119" type="text/json">{"id":11119,"name":"User Interface","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/User_Interface?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14701406]'), work: {"id":14701406,"title":"A development environment for predictive modelling in foods","created_at":"2015-08-05T16:42:42.865-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14701406/A_development_environment_for_predictive_modelling_in_foods?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_14701406","summary":"Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) is a comprehensive suite of Java class libraries that implement many state-of-the-art machine learning/data mining algorithms. Non-programmers interact with the software via a user interface component called the Knowledge Explorer.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43962445,"asset_id":14701406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33651567,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Hall","domain_name":"waikato","page_name":"MarkHall","display_name":"Mark Hall","profile_url":"https://waikato.academia.edu/MarkHall?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":2008,"name":"Machine Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Machine_Learning?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":11119,"name":"User Interface","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/User_Interface?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":14907,"name":"Industrial Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Biotechnology?f_ri=69542"},{"id":31632,"name":"Food Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Microbiology?f_ri=69542"},{"id":53293,"name":"Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":81034,"name":"Predictive Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_Modelling?f_ri=69542"},{"id":106145,"name":"Classification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classification?f_ri=69542"},{"id":107672,"name":"Regression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression?f_ri=69542"},{"id":192701,"name":"Environment and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_and_Development?f_ri=69542"},{"id":255094,"name":"Computer User Interface Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_User_Interface_Design?f_ri=69542"},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":734857,"name":"Web Browsing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_Browsing?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2578023" data-work_id="2578023" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2578023/Quantifying_the_extinction_vortex">Quantifying the extinction vortex</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We developed a database of 10 wild vertebrate populations whose declines to extinction were monitored over at least 12 years. We quantitatively characterized the final declines of these well-monitored populations and tested key... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2578023" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We developed a database of 10 wild vertebrate populations whose declines to extinction were monitored over at least 12 years. We quantitatively characterized the final declines of these well-monitored populations and tested key theoretical predictions about the process of extinction, obtaining two primary results. First, we found evidence of logarithmic scaling of time-to-extinction as a function of population size for each of the 10 populations. Second, two lines of evidence suggested that these extinction-bound populations collectively exhibited dynamics akin to those theoretically proposed to occur in extinction vortices. Specifically, retrospective analyses suggested that a population size of n individuals within a decade of extinction was somehow less valuable to persistence than the same population size was earlier. Likewise, both year-to-year rates of decline and year-to-year variability increased as the time-to-extinction decreased. Together, these results provide key empirical insights into extinction dynamics, an important topic that has received extensive theoretical attention.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2578023" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="50de3f2e1750d4e3cfadcbb32a8f7e5d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30588879,"asset_id":2578023,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30588879/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="839188" href="https://washington.academia.edu/ElizabethHolmes">Elizabeth Holmes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="839188" type="text/json">{"id":839188,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Holmes","domain_name":"washington","page_name":"ElizabethHolmes","display_name":"Elizabeth Holmes","profile_url":"https://washington.academia.edu/ElizabethHolmes?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/839188/295316/111025247/s65_elizabeth.holmes.gif"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2578023 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2578023"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2578023, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2578023", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2578023 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2578023; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2578023"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2578023 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2578023"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2578023; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2578023]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2578023").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2578023").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2578023"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11417" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Dynamics">Population Dynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11417" type="text/json">{"id":11417,"name":"Population Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Dynamics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="103254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertebrates">Vertebrates</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="103254" type="text/json">{"id":103254,"name":"Vertebrates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertebrates?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2578023]'), work: {"id":2578023,"title":"Quantifying the extinction vortex","created_at":"2013-02-15T09:15:14.671-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2578023/Quantifying_the_extinction_vortex?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_2578023","summary":"We developed a database of 10 wild vertebrate populations whose declines to extinction were monitored over at least 12 years. We quantitatively characterized the final declines of these well-monitored populations and tested key theoretical predictions about the process of extinction, obtaining two primary results. First, we found evidence of logarithmic scaling of time-to-extinction as a function of population size for each of the 10 populations. Second, two lines of evidence suggested that these extinction-bound populations collectively exhibited dynamics akin to those theoretically proposed to occur in extinction vortices. Specifically, retrospective analyses suggested that a population size of n individuals within a decade of extinction was somehow less valuable to persistence than the same population size was earlier. Likewise, both year-to-year rates of decline and year-to-year variability increased as the time-to-extinction decreased. Together, these results provide key empirical insights into extinction dynamics, an important topic that has received extensive theoretical attention.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30588879,"asset_id":2578023,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":839188,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Holmes","domain_name":"washington","page_name":"ElizabethHolmes","display_name":"Elizabeth Holmes","profile_url":"https://washington.academia.edu/ElizabethHolmes?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/839188/295316/111025247/s65_elizabeth.holmes.gif"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":11417,"name":"Population Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Dynamics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":103254,"name":"Vertebrates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertebrates?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":129560,"name":"Extinction Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extinction_Risk?f_ri=69542"},{"id":151959,"name":"Population Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Size?f_ri=69542"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=69542"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=69542"},{"id":843856,"name":"Ecological Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Applications?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7865657" data-work_id="7865657" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7865657/Predicting_reverberation_times_in_a_simulated_classroom">Predicting reverberation times in a simulated classroom</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">By varying the sound-absorption treatments in a simulated classroom, experimental results were compared with analytical and computer predictions of reverberation time. Analytical predictions were made with different absorption exponents,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7865657" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">By varying the sound-absorption treatments in a simulated classroom, experimental results were compared with analytical and computer predictions of reverberation time. Analytical predictions were made with different absorption exponents, which are the result of different weighting procedures involving room surface areas and the sound-absorption coefficients. Sound scattering was found to influence measured reverberation times. With the amount of sound scattering provided, more accurate analytical predictions were obtained with absorption exponents that give reverberation times longer than those obtained with the Sabine absorption exponent, which consistently underpredicted reverberation times. However, none of the absorption exponents could be singled out as more adequate because of similar average accuracy. Computer predictions of reverberation time were accomplished with two commercially available ray-based programs, RAYNOISE 3.0 and ODEON 2.6, with specular and calibrated diffuse reflection procedures. Neither type of procedure, in either program, was more accurate than the best analytical predictions. With RAYNOISE, neither the specular nor the calibrated diffuse reflection procedure could be singled out as more adequate. For ODEON, the calibrated diffuse reflection procedure gave consistently more accurate predictions than its specular reflection procedure, with the best accuracy of the computer predictions. ͓S0001-4966͑00͒04710-X͔</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7865657" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="85b53669ee4bb73bc3e78fa32a2986dc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48308240,"asset_id":7865657,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48308240/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14678303" href="https://usp-br.academia.edu/SylvioBistafa">Sylvio Bistafa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14678303" type="text/json">{"id":14678303,"first_name":"Sylvio","last_name":"Bistafa","domain_name":"usp-br","page_name":"SylvioBistafa","display_name":"Sylvio Bistafa","profile_url":"https://usp-br.academia.edu/SylvioBistafa?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7865657 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7865657"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7865657, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7865657", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7865657 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7865657; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7865657"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7865657 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7865657"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7865657; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7865657]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7865657").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7865657").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7865657"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="499" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acoustics">Acoustics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="499" type="text/json">{"id":499,"name":"Acoustics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acoustics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sound">Sound</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8088" type="text/json">{"id":8088,"name":"Sound","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sound?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42799" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech">Speech</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="42799" type="text/json">{"id":42799,"name":"Speech","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7865657]'), work: {"id":7865657,"title":"Predicting reverberation times in a simulated classroom","created_at":"2014-08-04T00:51:22.262-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7865657/Predicting_reverberation_times_in_a_simulated_classroom?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_7865657","summary":"By varying the sound-absorption treatments in a simulated classroom, experimental results were compared with analytical and computer predictions of reverberation time. Analytical predictions were made with different absorption exponents, which are the result of different weighting procedures involving room surface areas and the sound-absorption coefficients. Sound scattering was found to influence measured reverberation times. With the amount of sound scattering provided, more accurate analytical predictions were obtained with absorption exponents that give reverberation times longer than those obtained with the Sabine absorption exponent, which consistently underpredicted reverberation times. However, none of the absorption exponents could be singled out as more adequate because of similar average accuracy. Computer predictions of reverberation time were accomplished with two commercially available ray-based programs, RAYNOISE 3.0 and ODEON 2.6, with specular and calibrated diffuse reflection procedures. Neither type of procedure, in either program, was more accurate than the best analytical predictions. With RAYNOISE, neither the specular nor the calibrated diffuse reflection procedure could be singled out as more adequate. For ODEON, the calibrated diffuse reflection procedure gave consistently more accurate predictions than its specular reflection procedure, with the best accuracy of the computer predictions. ͓S0001-4966͑00͒04710-X͔","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48308240,"asset_id":7865657,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14678303,"first_name":"Sylvio","last_name":"Bistafa","domain_name":"usp-br","page_name":"SylvioBistafa","display_name":"Sylvio Bistafa","profile_url":"https://usp-br.academia.edu/SylvioBistafa?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":499,"name":"Acoustics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acoustics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":8088,"name":"Sound","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sound?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":42799,"name":"Speech","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":49610,"name":"Schools","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schools?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":440924,"name":"Surface Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Properties?f_ri=69542"},{"id":535415,"name":"Environment Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_Design?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18033625 coauthored" data-work_id="18033625" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18033625/Energy_expenditure_during_human_gait_II_Role_of_muscle_groups">Energy expenditure during human gait. II - Role of muscle groups</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A phenomenological model of muscle energy expenditure developed in part I of the paper, is utilized as a physiological cost function to estimate the muscle forces during normal locomotion. The model takes into account muscular behaviors... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18033625" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A phenomenological model of muscle energy expenditure developed in part I of the paper, is utilized as a physiological cost function to estimate the muscle forces during normal locomotion. The model takes into account muscular behaviors typically observed during human gait, such as submaximal activation, variable muscular contraction conditions and muscular fiber type. The solution of the indeterminate biomechanical problem is obtained by integrating multibody dynamics and the global static optimization technique that considers the whole motion. The results for an application case indicate the important role of muscle groups in coordinating multijoint motion with the objective of minimizing metabolic costs of transport during locomotion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18033625" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc5e620ed000cfa7d0fd822432878014" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39840255,"asset_id":18033625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39840255/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37972225" href="https://unsj.academia.edu/SilviaRodrigo">Silvia E Rodrigo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37972225" type="text/json">{"id":37972225,"first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Rodrigo","domain_name":"unsj","page_name":"SilviaRodrigo","display_name":"Silvia E Rodrigo","profile_url":"https://unsj.academia.edu/SilviaRodrigo?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37972225/13650255/15268394/s65_silvia.rodrigo.gif"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-18033625">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-18033625"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ulisboa.academia.edu/JorgeAmbrosio">Jorge Ambrosio</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-18033625'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-18033625').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18033625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18033625"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18033625, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18033625", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18033625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18033625; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18033625"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18033625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18033625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18033625; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18033625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18033625").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18033625").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18033625"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4228" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology">Skeletal muscle biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4228" type="text/json">{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9658" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion">Locomotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9658" type="text/json">{"id":9658,"name":"Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36213" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Metabolism">Energy Metabolism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="36213" type="text/json">{"id":36213,"name":"Energy Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Metabolism?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18033625]'), work: {"id":18033625,"title":"Energy expenditure during human gait. II - Role of muscle groups","created_at":"2015-11-09T11:52:21.299-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18033625/Energy_expenditure_during_human_gait_II_Role_of_muscle_groups?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_18033625","summary":"A phenomenological model of muscle energy expenditure developed in part I of the paper, is utilized as a physiological cost function to estimate the muscle forces during normal locomotion. The model takes into account muscular behaviors typically observed during human gait, such as submaximal activation, variable muscular contraction conditions and muscular fiber type. The solution of the indeterminate biomechanical problem is obtained by integrating multibody dynamics and the global static optimization technique that considers the whole motion. The results for an application case indicate the important role of muscle groups in coordinating multijoint motion with the objective of minimizing metabolic costs of transport during locomotion.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39840255,"asset_id":18033625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37972225,"first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Rodrigo","domain_name":"unsj","page_name":"SilviaRodrigo","display_name":"Silvia E Rodrigo","profile_url":"https://unsj.academia.edu/SilviaRodrigo?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37972225/13650255/15268394/s65_silvia.rodrigo.gif"},{"id":35156864,"first_name":"Jorge","last_name":"Ambrosio","domain_name":"ulisboa","page_name":"JorgeAmbrosio","display_name":"Jorge Ambrosio","profile_url":"https://ulisboa.academia.edu/JorgeAmbrosio?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":9658,"name":"Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":36213,"name":"Energy Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Metabolism?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":60256,"name":"Gait","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gait?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":118641,"name":"Multibody Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multibody_Dynamics?f_ri=69542"},{"id":184304,"name":"Energy Expenditure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Expenditure?f_ri=69542"},{"id":347212,"name":"OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OPTIMIZATION_TECHNIQUE?f_ri=69542"},{"id":556021,"name":"Muscle contraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscle_contraction?f_ri=69542"},{"id":677681,"name":"Muscle Force","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscle_Force?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1003508,"name":"Cost Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Function?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1926798,"name":"PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODEL","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PHENOMENOLOGICAL_MODEL?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18010488" data-work_id="18010488" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18010488/Innovative_Simulation_Training_Models">Innovative Simulation Training Models</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">alerts to inform you of when an article's status has changed. Also accessible from here is information on copyright, frequently asked questions and more. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18010488" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">alerts to inform you of when an article's status has changed. Also accessible from here is information on copyright, frequently asked questions and more. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, will be provided by the publisher.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18010488" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="db17a38b469ed662470dc38634b941eb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39827231,"asset_id":18010488,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39827231/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37848840" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MorrisKharasch">Morris Kharasch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37848840" type="text/json">{"id":37848840,"first_name":"Morris","last_name":"Kharasch","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MorrisKharasch","display_name":"Morris Kharasch","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MorrisKharasch?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18010488 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18010488"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18010488, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18010488", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18010488 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18010488; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18010488"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18010488 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18010488"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18010488; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18010488]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18010488").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18010488").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18010488"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="93975" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Assisted_Instruction">Computer Assisted Instruction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="93975" type="text/json">{"id":93975,"name":"Computer Assisted Instruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Assisted_Instruction?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98134" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States">United States</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="98134" type="text/json">{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_of_Innovation">Diffusion of Innovation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="133652" type="text/json">{"id":133652,"name":"Diffusion of Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_of_Innovation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18010488]'), work: {"id":18010488,"title":"Innovative Simulation Training Models","created_at":"2015-11-09T04:43:17.151-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18010488/Innovative_Simulation_Training_Models?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_18010488","summary":"alerts to inform you of when an article's status has changed. Also accessible from here is information on copyright, frequently asked questions and more. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, will be provided by the publisher.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39827231,"asset_id":18010488,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37848840,"first_name":"Morris","last_name":"Kharasch","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MorrisKharasch","display_name":"Morris Kharasch","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MorrisKharasch?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":93975,"name":"Computer Assisted Instruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Assisted_Instruction?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":133652,"name":"Diffusion of Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_of_Innovation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":299288,"name":"Education and Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_and_Training-2?f_ri=69542"},{"id":369943,"name":"Information Dissemination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Dissemination?f_ri=69542"},{"id":570703,"name":"Patient Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":704648,"name":"Clinical Competence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Competence?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2025640,"name":"Epistaxis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistaxis?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13668149" data-work_id="13668149" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13668149/Prosthetically_Driven_Computer_Guided_Implant_Planning_for_the_Edentulous_Maxilla_A_Model_Study">Prosthetically Driven, Computer-Guided Implant Planning for the Edentulous Maxilla: A Model Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Objectives: To analyze computer-assisted diagnostics and virtual implant planning and to evaluate the indication for template-guided flapless surgery and immediate loading in the rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13668149" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e4378ec9cb72b0acf25fc179ad5dff8f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45082805,"asset_id":13668149,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45082805/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32816328" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PawelPazera">Pawel Pazera</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32816328" type="text/json">{"id":32816328,"first_name":"Pawel","last_name":"Pazera","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PawelPazera","display_name":"Pawel Pazera","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PawelPazera?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13668149 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13668149"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13668149, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13668149", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13668149 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13668149; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13668149"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13668149 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13668149"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13668149; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13668149]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13668149").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13668149").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13668149"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="596" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry">Dentistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="596" type="text/json">{"id":596,"name":"Dentistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26170" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Implants">Dental Implants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26170" type="text/json">{"id":26170,"name":"Dental Implants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Implants?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55246" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_assisted_orthopaedic_surgery">Computer assisted orthopaedic surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55246" type="text/json">{"id":55246,"name":"Computer assisted orthopaedic surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_assisted_orthopaedic_surgery?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13668149]'), work: {"id":13668149,"title":"Prosthetically Driven, Computer-Guided Implant Planning for the Edentulous Maxilla: A Model Study","created_at":"2015-07-05T15:02:07.426-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13668149/Prosthetically_Driven_Computer_Guided_Implant_Planning_for_the_Edentulous_Maxilla_A_Model_Study?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_13668149","summary":"Objectives: To analyze computer-assisted diagnostics and virtual implant planning and to evaluate the indication for template-guided flapless surgery and immediate loading in the rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45082805,"asset_id":13668149,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32816328,"first_name":"Pawel","last_name":"Pazera","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PawelPazera","display_name":"Pawel Pazera","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PawelPazera?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":596,"name":"Dentistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":26170,"name":"Dental Implants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Implants?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":55246,"name":"Computer assisted orthopaedic surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_assisted_orthopaedic_surgery?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":185112,"name":"Maxilla","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maxilla?f_ri=69542"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=69542"},{"id":468992,"name":"Dental Prosthesis Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dental_Prosthesis_Design?f_ri=69542"},{"id":504035,"name":"Three Dimensional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Three_Dimensional?f_ri=69542"},{"id":959921,"name":"X ray Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22470279 coauthored" data-work_id="22470279" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22470279/The_GLEaMviz_computational_tool_a_publicly_available_software_to_explore_realistic_epidemic_spreading_scenarios_at_the_global_scale">The GLEaMviz computational tool, a publicly available software to explore realistic epidemic spreading scenarios at the global scale</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Computational models play an increasingly important role in the assessment and control of public health crises, as demonstrated during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Much research has been done in recent years in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22470279" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Computational models play an increasingly important role in the assessment and control of public health crises, as demonstrated during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Much research has been done in recent years in the development of sophisticated data-driven models for realistic computer-based simulations of infectious disease spreading. However, only a few computational tools are presently available for assessing scenarios, predicting epidemic evolutions, and managing health emergencies that can benefit a broad audience of users including policy makers and health institutions. Results: We present "GLEaMviz", a publicly available software system that simulates the spread of emerging human-to-human infectious diseases across the world. The GLEaMviz tool comprises three components: the client application, the proxy middleware, and the simulation engine. The latter two components constitute the GLEaMviz server. The simulation engine leverages on the Global Epidemic and Mobility (GLEaM) framework, a stochastic computational scheme that integrates worldwide high-resolution demographic and mobility data to simulate disease spread on the global scale. The GLEaMviz design aims at maximizing flexibility in defining the disease compartmental model and configuring the simulation scenario; it allows the user to set a variety of parameters including: compartment-specific features, transition values, and environmental effects. The output is a dynamic map and a corresponding set of charts that quantitatively describe the geo-temporal evolution of the disease. The software is designed as a client-server system. The multi-platform client, which can be installed on the user's local machine, is used to set up simulations that will be executed on the server, thus avoiding specific requirements for large computational capabilities on the user side. Conclusions: The user-friendly graphical interface of the GLEaMviz tool, along with its high level of detail and the realism of its embedded modeling approach, opens up the platform to simulate realistic epidemic scenarios. These features make the GLEaMviz computational tool a convenient teaching/training tool as well as a first step toward the development of a computational tool aimed at facilitating the use and exploitation of computational models for the policy making and scenario analysis of infectious disease outbreaks.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22470279" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="605b5ed2459c6b54bb257039decc9a6e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43091287,"asset_id":22470279,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43091287/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="230813" href="https://polimi.academia.edu/MarcoQuaggiotto">Marco Quaggiotto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="230813" type="text/json">{"id":230813,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Quaggiotto","domain_name":"polimi","page_name":"MarcoQuaggiotto","display_name":"Marco Quaggiotto","profile_url":"https://polimi.academia.edu/MarcoQuaggiotto?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22470279">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22470279"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://univ-amu.academia.edu/BrunoGoncalves">Bruno Goncalves</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22470279'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22470279').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22470279 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22470279"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22470279, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22470279", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22470279 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22470279; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22470279"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22470279 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22470279"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22470279; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22470279]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22470279").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22470279").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22470279"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13734" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicable_Diseases">Communicable Diseases</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13734" type="text/json">{"id":13734,"name":"Communicable Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicable_Diseases?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53293" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software">Software</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53293" type="text/json">{"id":53293,"name":"Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22470279]'), work: {"id":22470279,"title":"The GLEaMviz computational tool, a publicly available software to explore realistic epidemic spreading scenarios at the global scale","created_at":"2016-02-26T03:08:51.014-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22470279/The_GLEaMviz_computational_tool_a_publicly_available_software_to_explore_realistic_epidemic_spreading_scenarios_at_the_global_scale?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_22470279","summary":"Background: Computational models play an increasingly important role in the assessment and control of public health crises, as demonstrated during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Much research has been done in recent years in the development of sophisticated data-driven models for realistic computer-based simulations of infectious disease spreading. However, only a few computational tools are presently available for assessing scenarios, predicting epidemic evolutions, and managing health emergencies that can benefit a broad audience of users including policy makers and health institutions. Results: We present \"GLEaMviz\", a publicly available software system that simulates the spread of emerging human-to-human infectious diseases across the world. The GLEaMviz tool comprises three components: the client application, the proxy middleware, and the simulation engine. The latter two components constitute the GLEaMviz server. The simulation engine leverages on the Global Epidemic and Mobility (GLEaM) framework, a stochastic computational scheme that integrates worldwide high-resolution demographic and mobility data to simulate disease spread on the global scale. The GLEaMviz design aims at maximizing flexibility in defining the disease compartmental model and configuring the simulation scenario; it allows the user to set a variety of parameters including: compartment-specific features, transition values, and environmental effects. The output is a dynamic map and a corresponding set of charts that quantitatively describe the geo-temporal evolution of the disease. The software is designed as a client-server system. The multi-platform client, which can be installed on the user's local machine, is used to set up simulations that will be executed on the server, thus avoiding specific requirements for large computational capabilities on the user side. Conclusions: The user-friendly graphical interface of the GLEaMviz tool, along with its high level of detail and the realism of its embedded modeling approach, opens up the platform to simulate realistic epidemic scenarios. These features make the GLEaMviz computational tool a convenient teaching/training tool as well as a first step toward the development of a computational tool aimed at facilitating the use and exploitation of computational models for the policy making and scenario analysis of infectious disease outbreaks.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43091287,"asset_id":22470279,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":230813,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Quaggiotto","domain_name":"polimi","page_name":"MarcoQuaggiotto","display_name":"Marco Quaggiotto","profile_url":"https://polimi.academia.edu/MarcoQuaggiotto?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":177600,"first_name":"Bruno","last_name":"Goncalves","domain_name":"univ-amu","page_name":"BrunoGoncalves","display_name":"Bruno Goncalves","profile_url":"https://univ-amu.academia.edu/BrunoGoncalves?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":13734,"name":"Communicable Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicable_Diseases?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":53293,"name":"Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":594653,"name":"Pandemics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemics?f_ri=69542"},{"id":876952,"name":"Communicable disease control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicable_disease_control?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7843083" data-work_id="7843083" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7843083/Power_Flow_Stabilization_and_Control_of_Microgrid_with_Wind_Generation_by_Superconducting_Magnetic_Energy_Storage">Power Flow Stabilization and Control of Microgrid with Wind Generation by Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">High penetration of renewable energy sources such as wind generation in microgrids (MGs) causes fluctuations of power flow and significantly affects the power system operation. This can lead to severe problems, such as system frequency... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7843083" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">High penetration of renewable energy sources such as wind generation in microgrids (MGs) causes fluctuations of power flow and significantly affects the power system operation. This can lead to severe problems, such as system frequency oscillations, and/or violations of power lines capability. With the proper control, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is able to significantly enhance the dynamic security of the power system. In a SMES system, the power conditioning system (PCS) is the crucial component that directly influences the validity of the SMES in the dynamic control of the power system. This paper proposes the use of an improved SMES controller for the stabilization and control of the power flow of wind-hybrid MGs. In this sense, the design and implementation of a novel high performance PCS scheme of the SMES is described. Moreover, a detailed model of the SMES unit is derived and a novel three-level control scheme is designed, comprising a full decoupled current control strategy in the d-q reference frame and an enhanced power system frequency controller. The dynamic performance of the proposed systems is fully validated by computer simulation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7843083" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="656797d114d9f2577564dc2109aa91d7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48319042,"asset_id":7843083,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48319042/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14587618" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarceloMolina2">Marcelo Molina</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14587618" type="text/json">{"id":14587618,"first_name":"Marcelo","last_name":"Molina","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarceloMolina2","display_name":"Marcelo Molina","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarceloMolina2?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14587618/4339086/5039778/s65_marcelo.molina.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7843083 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7843083"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7843083, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7843083", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7843083 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7843083; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7843083"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7843083 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7843083"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7843083; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7843083]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7843083").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7843083").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7843083"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_System">Power System</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5748" type="text/json">{"id":5748,"name":"Power System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_System?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14604" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control">Flow Control</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14604" type="text/json">{"id":14604,"name":"Flow Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22686" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_System">Distributed System</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22686" type="text/json">{"id":22686,"name":"Distributed System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_System?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35399" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_system">Control system</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35399" type="text/json">{"id":35399,"name":"Control system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_system?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7843083]'), work: {"id":7843083,"title":"Power Flow Stabilization and Control of Microgrid with Wind Generation by Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage","created_at":"2014-08-01T09:18:10.156-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7843083/Power_Flow_Stabilization_and_Control_of_Microgrid_with_Wind_Generation_by_Superconducting_Magnetic_Energy_Storage?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_7843083","summary":"High penetration of renewable energy sources such as wind generation in microgrids (MGs) causes fluctuations of power flow and significantly affects the power system operation. This can lead to severe problems, such as system frequency oscillations, and/or violations of power lines capability. With the proper control, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is able to significantly enhance the dynamic security of the power system. In a SMES system, the power conditioning system (PCS) is the crucial component that directly influences the validity of the SMES in the dynamic control of the power system. This paper proposes the use of an improved SMES controller for the stabilization and control of the power flow of wind-hybrid MGs. In this sense, the design and implementation of a novel high performance PCS scheme of the SMES is described. Moreover, a detailed model of the SMES unit is derived and a novel three-level control scheme is designed, comprising a full decoupled current control strategy in the d-q reference frame and an enhanced power system frequency controller. The dynamic performance of the proposed systems is fully validated by computer simulation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48319042,"asset_id":7843083,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14587618,"first_name":"Marcelo","last_name":"Molina","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarceloMolina2","display_name":"Marcelo Molina","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarceloMolina2?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14587618/4339086/5039778/s65_marcelo.molina.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5748,"name":"Power System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_System?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":14604,"name":"Flow Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":22686,"name":"Distributed System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_System?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":35399,"name":"Control system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_system?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":44290,"name":"Smes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smes?f_ri=69542"},{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=69542"},{"id":53223,"name":"renewable Energy sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/renewable_Energy_sources?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":132307,"name":"Reactive Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reactive_Power?f_ri=69542"},{"id":174781,"name":"Oscillations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oscillations?f_ri=69542"},{"id":222327,"name":"Reference Frame","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Frame?f_ri=69542"},{"id":238655,"name":"Implementation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Implementation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":250447,"name":"Energy Storage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Storage?f_ri=69542"},{"id":297691,"name":"High performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_performance?f_ri=69542"},{"id":739222,"name":"Frequency Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frequency_Control?f_ri=69542"},{"id":981256,"name":"Load Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Load_Flow?f_ri=69542"},{"id":994520,"name":"Design and Implementation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_and_Implementation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1130892,"name":"Power System Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_System_Dynamics?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1190030,"name":"Wind Energy Generation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_Energy_Generation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1191167,"name":"Power flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_flow?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5290045 coauthored" data-work_id="5290045" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5290045/Modelling_prediction_and_adaptive_adjustment_of_recruitment_in_multicentre_trials">Modelling, prediction and adaptive adjustment of recruitment in multicentre trials</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper is focused on statistical modelling, prediction and adaptive adjustment of patient recruitment in multicentre clinical trials. We consider a recruitment model, where patients arrive at different centres according to Poisson... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5290045" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper is focused on statistical modelling, prediction and adaptive adjustment of patient recruitment in multicentre clinical trials. We consider a recruitment model, where patients arrive at different centres according to Poisson processes, with recruitment rates viewed as a sample from a gamma distribution. A statistical analysis of completed studies is provided and properties of a few types of parameter estimators are investigated analytically and using simulation. The model has been validated using many real completed trials. A statistical technique for predictive recruitment modelling for ongoing trials is developed. It allows the prediction of the remaining recruitment time together with confidence intervals using current enrolment information, and also provision of an adaptive adjustment of recruitment by calculating the number of additional centres required to accomplish a study up to a certain deadline with a pre-specified probability. Results are illustrated for different recruitment scenarios. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5290045" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="019d3bee64eff5e549fcf89df7fda295" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49361825,"asset_id":5290045,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49361825/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7279337" href="https://ornl.academia.edu/ValeriiFedorov">Valerii Fedorov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7279337" type="text/json">{"id":7279337,"first_name":"Valerii","last_name":"Fedorov","domain_name":"ornl","page_name":"ValeriiFedorov","display_name":"Valerii Fedorov","profile_url":"https://ornl.academia.edu/ValeriiFedorov?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7279337/52522828/40634087/s65_valerii.fedorov.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-5290045">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-5290045"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://amgen.academia.edu/VladimirAnisimov">Vladimir Anisimov</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-5290045'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-5290045').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5290045 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5290045"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5290045, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5290045", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5290045 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5290045; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5290045"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5290045 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5290045"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5290045; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5290045]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5290045").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5290045").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5290045"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="892" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics">Statistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="892" type="text/json">{"id":892,"name":"Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7968" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction">Prediction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7968" type="text/json">{"id":7968,"name":"Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132898" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estimation">Estimation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="132898" type="text/json">{"id":132898,"name":"Estimation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estimation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5290045]'), work: {"id":5290045,"title":"Modelling, prediction and adaptive adjustment of recruitment in multicentre trials","created_at":"2013-12-02T03:55:40.317-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5290045/Modelling_prediction_and_adaptive_adjustment_of_recruitment_in_multicentre_trials?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_5290045","summary":"This paper is focused on statistical modelling, prediction and adaptive adjustment of patient recruitment in multicentre clinical trials. We consider a recruitment model, where patients arrive at different centres according to Poisson processes, with recruitment rates viewed as a sample from a gamma distribution. A statistical analysis of completed studies is provided and properties of a few types of parameter estimators are investigated analytically and using simulation. The model has been validated using many real completed trials. A statistical technique for predictive recruitment modelling for ongoing trials is developed. It allows the prediction of the remaining recruitment time together with confidence intervals using current enrolment information, and also provision of an adaptive adjustment of recruitment by calculating the number of additional centres required to accomplish a study up to a certain deadline with a pre-specified probability. Results are illustrated for different recruitment scenarios. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49361825,"asset_id":5290045,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7279337,"first_name":"Valerii","last_name":"Fedorov","domain_name":"ornl","page_name":"ValeriiFedorov","display_name":"Valerii Fedorov","profile_url":"https://ornl.academia.edu/ValeriiFedorov?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7279337/52522828/40634087/s65_valerii.fedorov.jpg"},{"id":32876005,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Anisimov","domain_name":"amgen","page_name":"VladimirAnisimov","display_name":"Vladimir Anisimov","profile_url":"https://amgen.academia.edu/VladimirAnisimov?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32876005/9990379/11141972/s65_vladimir.anisimov.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":892,"name":"Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":7968,"name":"Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":132898,"name":"Estimation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estimation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1333436,"name":"Monte Carlo Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo_Method?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2463778,"name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trials_as_Topic?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2471457,"name":"Multicenter Studies as Topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multicenter_Studies_as_Topic?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_57576747" data-work_id="57576747" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57576747/Ultrasonic_monitoring_of_bone_fracture_healing">Ultrasonic monitoring of bone fracture healing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Quantitative ultrasound has attracted significant interest in the evaluation of bone fracture healing. Animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that the propagation velocity across fractured bones can be used as an indicator of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_57576747" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Quantitative ultrasound has attracted significant interest in the evaluation of bone fracture healing. Animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that the propagation velocity across fractured bones can be used as an indicator of healing. Researchers have recently employed computational methods for modeling wave propagation in bones, aiming to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of wave propagation and to further enhance the monitoring capabilities of ultrasound. In this paper, we review the relevant literature and present the current status of knowledge.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/57576747" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="383bb42ffc0360d8652039699cb85191" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72411377,"asset_id":57576747,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72411377/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="98866843" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MariaVavva">Maria Vavva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="98866843" type="text/json">{"id":98866843,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Vavva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MariaVavva","display_name":"Maria Vavva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MariaVavva?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_57576747 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="57576747"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57576747, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_57576747", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_57576747 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57576747; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_57576747"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_57576747 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57576747"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57576747; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57576747]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_57576747").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_57576747").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="57576747"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems">Information Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37" type="text/json">{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=57576747]'), work: {"id":57576747,"title":"Ultrasonic monitoring of bone fracture healing","created_at":"2021-10-13T10:16:54.174-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/57576747/Ultrasonic_monitoring_of_bone_fracture_healing?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_57576747","summary":"Quantitative ultrasound has attracted significant interest in the evaluation of bone fracture healing. Animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that the propagation velocity across fractured bones can be used as an indicator of healing. Researchers have recently employed computational methods for modeling wave propagation in bones, aiming to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of wave propagation and to further enhance the monitoring capabilities of ultrasound. In this paper, we review the relevant literature and present the current status of knowledge.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72411377,"asset_id":57576747,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":98866843,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Vavva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MariaVavva","display_name":"Maria Vavva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MariaVavva?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=69542"},{"id":6637,"name":"Fracture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fracture?f_ri=69542"},{"id":15639,"name":"Ultrasound","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":90702,"name":"Ultrasonography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasonography?f_ri=69542"},{"id":118582,"name":"Physical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":162962,"name":"Fracture Healing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fracture_Healing?f_ri=69542"},{"id":260010,"name":"Wave propagation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wave_propagation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":381522,"name":"Quantitative Ultrasound","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Ultrasound?f_ri=69542"},{"id":420173,"name":"Bone fracture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_fracture?f_ri=69542"},{"id":546356,"name":"Clinical Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Study?f_ri=69542"},{"id":719172,"name":"Densitometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Densitometry?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1449632,"name":"Computational Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Method?f_ri=69542"},{"id":4002453,"name":"Fractures Bone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fractures_Bone?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78252052" data-work_id="78252052" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78252052/Evacuation_planning_for_plausible_worst_case_inundation_scenarios_in_Honolulu_Hawaii">Evacuation planning for plausible worst case inundation scenarios in Honolulu, Hawaii</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Honolulu is susceptible to coastal flooding hazards. Like other coastal cities, Honolulu&s long-term economic viability and sustainability depends on how well it can adapt to changes in the natural and built environment. While there is a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78252052" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Honolulu is susceptible to coastal flooding hazards. Like other coastal cities, Honolulu&s long-term economic viability and sustainability depends on how well it can adapt to changes in the natural and built environment. While there is a disagreement over the magnitude and extent of localized impacts associated with climate change, it is widely accepted that by 2100 there will be at least a meter in sea level rise (SLR) and an increase in extreme weather events. Increased exposure and vulnerabilities associated with urbanization and location of human activities in coastal areas warrants serious consideration by planners and policy makers. This article has three objectives. First, flooding due to the combined effects of SLR and episodic hydro-meteorological and geophysical events in Honolulu are investigated and the risks to the community are quantified. Second, the risks and vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure and the surface transportation system are described. Third, using ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78252052" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce95122d295ae05e3853751944aaa9a4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85363655,"asset_id":78252052,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85363655/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="216434880" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EmmanuelVasquez29">Emmanuel Vasquez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="216434880" type="text/json">{"id":216434880,"first_name":"Emmanuel","last_name":"Vasquez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmmanuelVasquez29","display_name":"Emmanuel Vasquez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EmmanuelVasquez29?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/216434880/74856399/63359096/s65_emmanuel.vasquez.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78252052 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78252052"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78252052, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78252052", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_78252052 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78252052; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_78252052"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_78252052 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78252052"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78252052; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78252052]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78252052").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78252052").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78252052"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10432" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation">Transportation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10432" type="text/json">{"id":10432,"name":"Transportation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12061" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management">Risk Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12061" type="text/json">{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19566" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergency_Management">Emergency Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19566" type="text/json">{"id":19566,"name":"Emergency Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergency_Management?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78252052]'), work: {"id":78252052,"title":"Evacuation planning for plausible worst case inundation scenarios in Honolulu, Hawaii","created_at":"2022-05-02T12:04:40.568-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78252052/Evacuation_planning_for_plausible_worst_case_inundation_scenarios_in_Honolulu_Hawaii?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_78252052","summary":"Honolulu is susceptible to coastal flooding hazards. Like other coastal cities, Honolulu\u0026s long-term economic viability and sustainability depends on how well it can adapt to changes in the natural and built environment. While there is a disagreement over the magnitude and extent of localized impacts associated with climate change, it is widely accepted that by 2100 there will be at least a meter in sea level rise (SLR) and an increase in extreme weather events. Increased exposure and vulnerabilities associated with urbanization and location of human activities in coastal areas warrants serious consideration by planners and policy makers. This article has three objectives. First, flooding due to the combined effects of SLR and episodic hydro-meteorological and geophysical events in Honolulu are investigated and the risks to the community are quantified. Second, the risks and vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure and the surface transportation system are described. Third, using ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85363655,"asset_id":78252052,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":216434880,"first_name":"Emmanuel","last_name":"Vasquez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmmanuelVasquez29","display_name":"Emmanuel Vasquez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EmmanuelVasquez29?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/216434880/74856399/63359096/s65_emmanuel.vasquez.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":10432,"name":"Transportation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":19566,"name":"Emergency Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergency_Management?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542"},{"id":57928,"name":"Travel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Travel?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=69542"},{"id":119168,"name":"Public Policy and Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy_and_Administration?f_ri=69542"},{"id":142812,"name":"Hawaii","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hawaii-1?f_ri=69542"},{"id":146042,"name":"Weather","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weather?f_ri=69542"},{"id":158721,"name":"Floods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Floods?f_ri=69542"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=69542"},{"id":554355,"name":"Pacific ocean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacific_ocean?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1033836,"name":"Post Disaster Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Disaster_Planning?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=69542"},{"id":4043327,"name":"Disaster planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_planning?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77539820" data-work_id="77539820" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77539820/Three_Dimensional_Computer_Model_of_the_Right_Atrium_Including_the_Sinoatrial_and_Atrioventricular_Nodes_Predicts_Classical_Nodal_Behaviours">Three-Dimensional Computer Model of the Right Atrium Including the Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Nodes Predicts Classical Nodal Behaviours</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of the study was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) anatomically-detailed model of the rabbit right atrium containing the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes to study the electrophysiology of the nodes. A model was generated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77539820" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of the study was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) anatomically-detailed model of the rabbit right atrium containing the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes to study the electrophysiology of the nodes. A model was generated based on 3D images of a rabbit heart (atria and part of ventricles), obtained using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Segmentation was carried out semi-manually. A 3D right atrium array model (,3.16 million elements), including eighteen objects, was constructed. For description of cellular electrophysiology, the Rogers-modified FitzHugh-Nagumo model was further modified to allow control of the major characteristics of the action potential with relatively low computational resource requirements. Model parameters were chosen to simulate the action potentials in the sinoatrial node, atrial muscle, inferior nodal extension and penetrating bundle. The block zone was simulated as passive tissue. The sinoatrial node, crista terminalis, main branch and roof bundle were considered as anisotropic. We have simulated normal and abnormal electrophysiology of the two nodes. In accordance with experimental findings: (i) during sinus rhythm, conduction occurs down the interatrial septum and into the atrioventricular node via the fast pathway (conduction down the crista terminalis and into the atrioventricular node via the slow pathway is slower); (ii) during atrial fibrillation, the sinoatrial node is protected from overdrive by its long refractory period; and (iii) during atrial fibrillation, the atrioventricular node reduces the frequency of action potentials reaching the ventricles. The model is able to simulate ventricular echo beats. In summary, a 3D anatomical model of the right atrium containing the cardiac conduction system is able to simulate a wide range of classical nodal behaviours.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77539820" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8db11b7ddfebd3c253264d57f71caa7b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84876821,"asset_id":77539820,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84876821/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35543093" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HengguiZhang">Henggui Zhang</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35543093" type="text/json">{"id":35543093,"first_name":"Henggui","last_name":"Zhang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HengguiZhang","display_name":"Henggui Zhang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HengguiZhang?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77539820 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77539820"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77539820, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77539820", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_77539820 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77539820; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_77539820"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_77539820 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77539820"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77539820; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77539820]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77539820").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77539820").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77539820"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="498" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="498" type="text/json">{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77539820]'), work: {"id":77539820,"title":"Three-Dimensional Computer Model of the Right Atrium Including the Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Nodes Predicts Classical Nodal Behaviours","created_at":"2022-04-25T02:04:49.843-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77539820/Three_Dimensional_Computer_Model_of_the_Right_Atrium_Including_the_Sinoatrial_and_Atrioventricular_Nodes_Predicts_Classical_Nodal_Behaviours?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_77539820","summary":"The aim of the study was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) anatomically-detailed model of the rabbit right atrium containing the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes to study the electrophysiology of the nodes. A model was generated based on 3D images of a rabbit heart (atria and part of ventricles), obtained using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Segmentation was carried out semi-manually. A 3D right atrium array model (,3.16 million elements), including eighteen objects, was constructed. For description of cellular electrophysiology, the Rogers-modified FitzHugh-Nagumo model was further modified to allow control of the major characteristics of the action potential with relatively low computational resource requirements. Model parameters were chosen to simulate the action potentials in the sinoatrial node, atrial muscle, inferior nodal extension and penetrating bundle. The block zone was simulated as passive tissue. The sinoatrial node, crista terminalis, main branch and roof bundle were considered as anisotropic. We have simulated normal and abnormal electrophysiology of the two nodes. In accordance with experimental findings: (i) during sinus rhythm, conduction occurs down the interatrial septum and into the atrioventricular node via the fast pathway (conduction down the crista terminalis and into the atrioventricular node via the slow pathway is slower); (ii) during atrial fibrillation, the sinoatrial node is protected from overdrive by its long refractory period; and (iii) during atrial fibrillation, the atrioventricular node reduces the frequency of action potentials reaching the ventricles. The model is able to simulate ventricular echo beats. In summary, a 3D anatomical model of the right atrium containing the cardiac conduction system is able to simulate a wide range of classical nodal behaviours.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84876821,"asset_id":77539820,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35543093,"first_name":"Henggui","last_name":"Zhang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HengguiZhang","display_name":"Henggui Zhang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HengguiZhang?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=69542"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":123287,"name":"Three Dimensional Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Three_Dimensional_Imaging?f_ri=69542"},{"id":130890,"name":"Atrial Fibrillation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atrial_Fibrillation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one?f_ri=69542"},{"id":788677,"name":"Rabbits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabbits?f_ri=69542"},{"id":955727,"name":"Action Potentials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Potentials?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2730702,"name":"atrioventricular node","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/atrioventricular_node?f_ri=69542"},{"id":4100841,"name":"Heart atria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_atria?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77435849" data-work_id="77435849" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77435849/Estimating_relative_noise_to_signal_in_DNA_microarray_data">Estimating relative noise to signal in DNA microarray data</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A method was proposed for estimating noise relative to signal in microarray data. A signal to noise index, SNI, was defined and used to measure the level of signal compared to the noise contained in two microarray data sets. Simulations... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77435849" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A method was proposed for estimating noise relative to signal in microarray data. A signal to noise index, SNI, was defined and used to measure the level of signal compared to the noise contained in two microarray data sets. Simulations were conducted to generate the quantitative relationship between the SNI and its measurement of relative noise. The method was applied to two well known microarray data sets. Relative noise was estimated for both data sets, and the results were consistent with the observations in the original papers, demonstrating the proposed method is reliable for estimating relative noise in microarray data.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77435849" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87cd2d68008e706d67c0d323ad72ed26" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84802658,"asset_id":77435849,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84802658/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="172291854" href="https://independent.academia.edu/jieliu154">jie liu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="172291854" type="text/json">{"id":172291854,"first_name":"jie","last_name":"liu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"jieliu154","display_name":"jie liu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/jieliu154?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/172291854/50252492/38257496/s65_jie.liu.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77435849 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77435849"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77435849, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77435849", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_77435849 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77435849; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_77435849"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_77435849 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77435849"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77435849; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77435849]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77435849").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77435849").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77435849"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77435849]'), work: {"id":77435849,"title":"Estimating relative noise to signal in DNA microarray data","created_at":"2022-04-24T03:19:57.621-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77435849/Estimating_relative_noise_to_signal_in_DNA_microarray_data?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_77435849","summary":"A method was proposed for estimating noise relative to signal in microarray data. A signal to noise index, SNI, was defined and used to measure the level of signal compared to the noise contained in two microarray data sets. Simulations were conducted to generate the quantitative relationship between the SNI and its measurement of relative noise. The method was applied to two well known microarray data sets. Relative noise was estimated for both data sets, and the results were consistent with the observations in the original papers, demonstrating the proposed method is reliable for estimating relative noise in microarray data.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84802658,"asset_id":77435849,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":172291854,"first_name":"jie","last_name":"liu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"jieliu154","display_name":"jie liu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/jieliu154?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/172291854/50252492/38257496/s65_jie.liu.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":80414,"name":"Mathematical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":481537,"name":"Bioinformatics applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics_applications?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1810445,"name":"Gene expression profiling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression_profiling?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73713531" data-work_id="73713531" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/73713531/SiC_single_crystal_growth_by_a_modified_physical_vapor_transport_technique">SiC single crystal growth by a modified physical vapor transport technique</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We have developed a modified physical vapor transport (M-PVT) growth technique for the preparation of SiC single crystals which makes use of an additional gas pipe in order to control the gas phase composition of the conventional physical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73713531" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We have developed a modified physical vapor transport (M-PVT) growth technique for the preparation of SiC single crystals which makes use of an additional gas pipe in order to control the gas phase composition of the conventional physical vapor transport (PVT) configuration. We discuss ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73713531" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49678391" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrancisBaillet">Francis Baillet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49678391" type="text/json">{"id":49678391,"first_name":"Francis","last_name":"Baillet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrancisBaillet","display_name":"Francis Baillet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrancisBaillet?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73713531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73713531"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73713531, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73713531", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73713531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73713531; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73713531"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73713531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73713531"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73713531; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73713531]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73713531").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73713531").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73713531"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science">Materials Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="511" type="text/json">{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4120" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystal_Growth">Crystal Growth</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4120" type="text/json">{"id":4120,"name":"Crystal Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystal_Growth?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53108" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53108" type="text/json">{"id":53108,"name":"Phosphorus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60658" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Simulation">Numerical Simulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="60658" type="text/json">{"id":60658,"name":"Numerical Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73713531]'), work: {"id":73713531,"title":"SiC single crystal growth by a modified physical vapor transport technique","created_at":"2022-03-14T00:29:31.034-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73713531/SiC_single_crystal_growth_by_a_modified_physical_vapor_transport_technique?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_73713531","summary":"We have developed a modified physical vapor transport (M-PVT) growth technique for the preparation of SiC single crystals which makes use of an additional gas pipe in order to control the gas phase composition of the conventional physical vapor transport (PVT) configuration. We discuss ...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49678391,"first_name":"Francis","last_name":"Baillet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrancisBaillet","display_name":"Francis Baillet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrancisBaillet?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":4120,"name":"Crystal Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystal_Growth?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":53108,"name":"Phosphorus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":60658,"name":"Numerical Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":151091,"name":"Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen?f_ri=69542"},{"id":282297,"name":"Single Crystal Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Single_Crystal_Growth?f_ri=69542"},{"id":389521,"name":"Crystal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystal?f_ri=69542"},{"id":394438,"name":"Single Crystal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Single_Crystal?f_ri=69542"},{"id":897122,"name":"Gas Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Flow?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73135639" data-work_id="73135639" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73135639/Modelling_divided_visual_attention_with_a_winner_take_all_network">Modelling divided visual attention with a winner-take-all network</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Experimental evidence on the distribution of visual attention supports the idea of a spatial saliency map, whereby bottom-up and top-down influences on attention are integrated by a winner-take-all mechanism. We implement this map with a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73135639" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Experimental evidence on the distribution of visual attention supports the idea of a spatial saliency map, whereby bottom-up and top-down influences on attention are integrated by a winner-take-all mechanism. We implement this map with a continuous attractor neural network, and test the ability of our model to explain experimental evidence on the distribution of spatial attention. The majority of evidence supports the view that attention is unitary, but recent experiments provide evidence for split attentional foci. We simulate two such experiments. Our results suggest that the ability to divide attention depends on sustained endogenous signals from short term memory to the saliency map, stressing the interplay between working memory mechanisms and attention.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73135639" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a1f367708b603de078969f227776a860" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81774391,"asset_id":73135639,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81774391/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36225365" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RaymondKlein2">Raymond Klein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36225365" type="text/json">{"id":36225365,"first_name":"Raymond","last_name":"Klein","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RaymondKlein2","display_name":"Raymond Klein","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RaymondKlein2?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73135639 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73135639"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73135639, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73135639", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73135639 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73135639; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73135639"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73135639 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73135639"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73135639; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73135639]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73135639").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73135639").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73135639"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4008" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_attention">Visual attention</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4008" type="text/json">{"id":4008,"name":"Visual attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_attention?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5359" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception">Visual perception</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5359" type="text/json">{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7736" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention">Attention</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7736" type="text/json">{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73135639]'), work: {"id":73135639,"title":"Modelling divided visual attention with a winner-take-all network","created_at":"2022-03-05T12:33:16.435-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73135639/Modelling_divided_visual_attention_with_a_winner_take_all_network?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_73135639","summary":"Experimental evidence on the distribution of visual attention supports the idea of a spatial saliency map, whereby bottom-up and top-down influences on attention are integrated by a winner-take-all mechanism. We implement this map with a continuous attractor neural network, and test the ability of our model to explain experimental evidence on the distribution of spatial attention. The majority of evidence supports the view that attention is unitary, but recent experiments provide evidence for split attentional foci. We simulate two such experiments. Our results suggest that the ability to divide attention depends on sustained endogenous signals from short term memory to the saliency map, stressing the interplay between working memory mechanisms and attention.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81774391,"asset_id":73135639,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36225365,"first_name":"Raymond","last_name":"Klein","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RaymondKlein2","display_name":"Raymond Klein","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RaymondKlein2?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":4008,"name":"Visual attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_attention?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":8538,"name":"Working Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working_Memory?f_ri=69542"},{"id":11598,"name":"Neural Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Networks?f_ri=69542"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=69542"},{"id":49816,"name":"Divided Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Divided_Attention?f_ri=69542"},{"id":56633,"name":"Spatial Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Attention?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":365324,"name":"Saliency Map","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saliency_Map?f_ri=69542"},{"id":522464,"name":"Short Term Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Short_Term_Memory?f_ri=69542"},{"id":904692,"name":"Bottom Up","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bottom_Up?f_ri=69542"},{"id":904693,"name":"Top Down","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Top_Down?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1122910,"name":"Attractor Neural Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attractor_Neural_Network?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72972183" data-work_id="72972183" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72972183/Biophysical_characterization_and_modeling_of_lung_surfactant_components">Biophysical characterization and modeling of lung surfactant components</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present study characterizes the dynamic interfacial properties of calf lung surfactant (CLS) and samples reconstituted in a stepwise fashion from phospholipid (PL), hydrophobic apoprotein (HA), surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A), and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72972183" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present study characterizes the dynamic interfacial properties of calf lung surfactant (CLS) and samples reconstituted in a stepwise fashion from phospholipid (PL), hydrophobic apoprotein (HA), surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A), and neutral lipid fractions. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the major PL component of surfactant, was examined for comparison. Surface tension was measured over a range of oscillation frequencies (1-100 cycles/min) and bulk phase concentrations (0.01-1 mg/ml) by using a pulsating bubble surfactometer. Distinct differences in behavior were seen between samples. These differences were interpreted by using a previously validated model of surfactant adsorption kinetics that describes function in terms of 1) adsorption rate coefficient (k1), 2) desorption rate coefficient (k2), 3) minimum equilibrium surface tension (gamma*), 4) minimum surface tension at film collapse (gammamin), and 5) change in surface tension with interfacial area for gamma &lt; gamm...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72972183" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1a849ed814b1057d6461b400aaea1310" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81680782,"asset_id":72972183,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81680782/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9055326" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RogerDKamm">Roger D. Kamm</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9055326" type="text/json">{"id":9055326,"first_name":"Roger D.","last_name":"Kamm","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RogerDKamm","display_name":"Roger D. Kamm","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RogerDKamm?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9055326/76167814/64688398/s65_roger_d..kamm.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72972183 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72972183"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72972183, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72972183", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72972183 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72972183; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72972183"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72972183 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72972183"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72972183; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72972183]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72972183").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72972183").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72972183"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="502" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biophysics">Biophysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="502" type="text/json">{"id":502,"name":"Biophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biophysics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72972183]'), work: {"id":72972183,"title":"Biophysical characterization and modeling of lung surfactant components","created_at":"2022-03-03T18:06:25.608-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72972183/Biophysical_characterization_and_modeling_of_lung_surfactant_components?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_72972183","summary":"The present study characterizes the dynamic interfacial properties of calf lung surfactant (CLS) and samples reconstituted in a stepwise fashion from phospholipid (PL), hydrophobic apoprotein (HA), surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A), and neutral lipid fractions. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the major PL component of surfactant, was examined for comparison. Surface tension was measured over a range of oscillation frequencies (1-100 cycles/min) and bulk phase concentrations (0.01-1 mg/ml) by using a pulsating bubble surfactometer. Distinct differences in behavior were seen between samples. These differences were interpreted by using a previously validated model of surfactant adsorption kinetics that describes function in terms of 1) adsorption rate coefficient (k1), 2) desorption rate coefficient (k2), 3) minimum equilibrium surface tension (gamma*), 4) minimum surface tension at film collapse (gammamin), and 5) change in surface tension with interfacial area for gamma \u0026lt; gamm...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81680782,"asset_id":72972183,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9055326,"first_name":"Roger D.","last_name":"Kamm","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RogerDKamm","display_name":"Roger D. Kamm","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RogerDKamm?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9055326/76167814/64688398/s65_roger_d..kamm.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":502,"name":"Biophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biophysics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":162147,"name":"Applied Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Physiology?f_ri=69542"},{"id":181569,"name":"Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins?f_ri=69542"},{"id":193464,"name":"Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sodium_Dodecyl_Sulfate-Polyacrylamide_Gel_Electrophoresis?f_ri=69542"},{"id":197297,"name":"Lung","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lung?f_ri=69542"},{"id":260829,"name":"Cattle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cattle?f_ri=69542"},{"id":394521,"name":"Surface Tension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Tension?f_ri=69542"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69161517" data-work_id="69161517" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69161517/Simulation_based_transthoracic_echocardiography_An_anesthesiologist_s_perspective">Simulation-based transthoracic echocardiography: "An anesthesiologist′s perspective</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">With the growing requirement of echocardiography in the perioperative management, the anesthesiologists need to be well trained in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Lack of formal, structured teaching program precludes the same. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69161517" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">With the growing requirement of echocardiography in the perioperative management, the anesthesiologists need to be well trained in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Lack of formal, structured teaching program precludes the same. The present article reviews the expanding domain of TTE, simulation-based TTE training, the advancements, current limitations, and the importance of simulation-based training for the anesthesiologists.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69161517" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2160c3eff9c6c1f493c386f40dd00d18" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79363232,"asset_id":69161517,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79363232/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8486676" href="https://independent.academia.edu/kapoorPOONAM">POONAM kapoor</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8486676" type="text/json">{"id":8486676,"first_name":"POONAM","last_name":"kapoor","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"kapoorPOONAM","display_name":"POONAM kapoor","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/kapoorPOONAM?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8486676/12851930/14253622/s65_poonam.kapoor.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69161517 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69161517"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69161517, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69161517", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69161517 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69161517; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69161517"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69161517 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69161517"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69161517; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69161517]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69161517").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69161517").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69161517"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2034" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthesiology">Anesthesiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2034" type="text/json">{"id":2034,"name":"Anesthesiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthesiology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46824" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Echocardiography">Echocardiography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46824" type="text/json">{"id":46824,"name":"Echocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Echocardiography?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69161517]'), work: {"id":69161517,"title":"Simulation-based transthoracic echocardiography: \"An anesthesiologist′s perspective","created_at":"2022-01-22T07:10:24.578-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69161517/Simulation_based_transthoracic_echocardiography_An_anesthesiologist_s_perspective?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_69161517","summary":"With the growing requirement of echocardiography in the perioperative management, the anesthesiologists need to be well trained in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Lack of formal, structured teaching program precludes the same. The present article reviews the expanding domain of TTE, simulation-based TTE training, the advancements, current limitations, and the importance of simulation-based training for the anesthesiologists.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79363232,"asset_id":69161517,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8486676,"first_name":"POONAM","last_name":"kapoor","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"kapoorPOONAM","display_name":"POONAM kapoor","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/kapoorPOONAM?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8486676/12851930/14253622/s65_poonam.kapoor.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2034,"name":"Anesthesiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthesiology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":46824,"name":"Echocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Echocardiography?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2921750,"name":"anesthesiologists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/anesthesiologists?f_ri=69542"},{"id":3789879,"name":"Cardiovascular medicine and haematology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_medicine_and_haematology?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68713396" data-work_id="68713396" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68713396/Why_is_real_world_visual_object_recognition_hard">Why is real-world visual object recognition hard</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Progress in understanding the brain mechanisms underlying vision requires the construction of computational models that not only emulate the brain's anatomy and physiology, but ultimately match its performance on visual tasks. In recent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68713396" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Progress in understanding the brain mechanisms underlying vision requires the construction of computational models that not only emulate the brain's anatomy and physiology, but ultimately match its performance on visual tasks. In recent years, ''natural'' images have become popular in the study of vision and have been used to show apparently impressive progress in building such models. Here, we challenge the use of uncontrolled ''natural'' images in guiding that progress. In particular, we show that a simple V1-like model-a neuroscientist's ''null'' model, which should perform poorly at real-world visual object recognition tasks-outperforms state-of-the-art object recognition systems (biologically inspired and otherwise) on a standard, ostensibly natural image recognition test. As a counterpoint, we designed a ''simpler'' recognition test to better span the real-world variation in object pose, position, and scale, and we show that this test correctly exposes the inadequacy of the V1-like model. Taken together, these results demonstrate that tests based on uncontrolled natural images can be seriously misleading, potentially guiding progress in the wrong direction. Instead, we reexamine what it means for images to be natural and argue for a renewed focus on the core problem of object recognition-real-world image variation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68713396" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9651fae3d3d3a5468804a7297d7f4427" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79095111,"asset_id":68713396,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79095111/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="86909483" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PintoNahuel">Nahuel Pinto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="86909483" type="text/json">{"id":86909483,"first_name":"Nahuel","last_name":"Pinto","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PintoNahuel","display_name":"Nahuel Pinto","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PintoNahuel?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68713396 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68713396"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68713396, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68713396", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68713396 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68713396; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68713396"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68713396 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68713396"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68713396; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68713396]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68713396").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68713396").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68713396"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="465" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="465" type="text/json">{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="854" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Vision">Computer Vision</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="854" type="text/json">{"id":854,"name":"Computer Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Vision?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomimetics">Biomimetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5467" type="text/json">{"id":5467,"name":"Biomimetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomimetics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68713396]'), work: {"id":68713396,"title":"Why is real-world visual object recognition hard","created_at":"2022-01-19T13:12:17.569-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68713396/Why_is_real_world_visual_object_recognition_hard?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_68713396","summary":"Progress in understanding the brain mechanisms underlying vision requires the construction of computational models that not only emulate the brain's anatomy and physiology, but ultimately match its performance on visual tasks. In recent years, ''natural'' images have become popular in the study of vision and have been used to show apparently impressive progress in building such models. Here, we challenge the use of uncontrolled ''natural'' images in guiding that progress. In particular, we show that a simple V1-like model-a neuroscientist's ''null'' model, which should perform poorly at real-world visual object recognition tasks-outperforms state-of-the-art object recognition systems (biologically inspired and otherwise) on a standard, ostensibly natural image recognition test. As a counterpoint, we designed a ''simpler'' recognition test to better span the real-world variation in object pose, position, and scale, and we show that this test correctly exposes the inadequacy of the V1-like model. Taken together, these results demonstrate that tests based on uncontrolled natural images can be seriously misleading, potentially guiding progress in the wrong direction. Instead, we reexamine what it means for images to be natural and argue for a renewed focus on the core problem of object recognition-real-world image variation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79095111,"asset_id":68713396,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":86909483,"first_name":"Nahuel","last_name":"Pinto","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PintoNahuel","display_name":"Nahuel Pinto","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PintoNahuel?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":854,"name":"Computer Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Vision?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":5467,"name":"Biomimetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomimetics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":80414,"name":"Mathematical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1714927,"name":"Visual object recognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_object_recognition?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67835039" data-work_id="67835039" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67835039/Flight_simulation_using_a_Brain_Computer_Interface_A_pilot_pilot_study">Flight simulation using a Brain-Computer Interface: A pilot, pilot study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems advance for uses such as robotic arm control it is postulated that the control paradigms could apply to other scenarios, such as control of video games, wheelchair movement or even flight. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67835039" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems advance for uses such as robotic arm control it is postulated that the control paradigms could apply to other scenarios, such as control of video games, wheelchair movement or even flight. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether our BCI system, which involves decoding the signals of two 96-microelectrode arrays implanted into the motor cortex of a subject, could also be used to control an aircraft in a flight simulator environment. The study involved six sessions in which various parameters were modified in order to achieve the best flight control, including plane type, view, control paradigm, gains, and limits. Successful flight was determined qualitatively by evaluating the subject's ability to perform requested maneuvers, maintain flight paths, and avoid control losses such as dives, spins and crashes. By the end of the study, it was found that the subject could successfully control an aircraft. The subject could use both the jet and propeller plane with different views, adopting an intuitive control paradigm. From the subject's perspective, this was one of the most exciting and entertaining experiment she had done in two years of research. In conclusion, this study provides a proof-of-concept that traditional motor cortex signals combined with a decoding paradigm can be used to control systems besides a robotic arm for which the decoder was developed. Aside from possible functional benefits, it also shows the potential for a new recreational activity for individuals with disabilities who are able to master BCI control.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67835039" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="49f3dca43aba33ebdea8ca7ce9eff793" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78525099,"asset_id":67835039,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78525099/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32799932" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EricPohlmeyer">Eric Pohlmeyer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32799932" type="text/json">{"id":32799932,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Pohlmeyer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EricPohlmeyer","display_name":"Eric Pohlmeyer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EricPohlmeyer?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67835039 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67835039"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67835039, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67835039", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67835039 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67835039; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67835039"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67835039 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67835039"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67835039; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67835039]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67835039").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67835039").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67835039"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2583" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation">Deep Brain Stimulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2583" type="text/json">{"id":2583,"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12100" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aviation">Aviation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12100" type="text/json">{"id":12100,"name":"Aviation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aviation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67835039]'), work: {"id":67835039,"title":"Flight simulation using a Brain-Computer Interface: A pilot, pilot study","created_at":"2022-01-11T13:04:40.736-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67835039/Flight_simulation_using_a_Brain_Computer_Interface_A_pilot_pilot_study?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_67835039","summary":"As Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems advance for uses such as robotic arm control it is postulated that the control paradigms could apply to other scenarios, such as control of video games, wheelchair movement or even flight. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether our BCI system, which involves decoding the signals of two 96-microelectrode arrays implanted into the motor cortex of a subject, could also be used to control an aircraft in a flight simulator environment. The study involved six sessions in which various parameters were modified in order to achieve the best flight control, including plane type, view, control paradigm, gains, and limits. Successful flight was determined qualitatively by evaluating the subject's ability to perform requested maneuvers, maintain flight paths, and avoid control losses such as dives, spins and crashes. By the end of the study, it was found that the subject could successfully control an aircraft. The subject could use both the jet and propeller plane with different views, adopting an intuitive control paradigm. From the subject's perspective, this was one of the most exciting and entertaining experiment she had done in two years of research. In conclusion, this study provides a proof-of-concept that traditional motor cortex signals combined with a decoding paradigm can be used to control systems besides a robotic arm for which the decoder was developed. Aside from possible functional benefits, it also shows the potential for a new recreational activity for individuals with disabilities who are able to master BCI control.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78525099,"asset_id":67835039,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32799932,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Pohlmeyer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EricPohlmeyer","display_name":"Eric Pohlmeyer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EricPohlmeyer?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":2583,"name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deep_Brain_Stimulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":12100,"name":"Aviation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aviation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":86833,"name":"Brain Computer Interfaces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Computer_Interfaces?f_ri=69542"},{"id":153836,"name":"Motor Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_Cortex?f_ri=69542"},{"id":184907,"name":"Microelectrodes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microelectrodes?f_ri=69542"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":291259,"name":"Quadriplegia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quadriplegia?f_ri=69542"},{"id":664188,"name":"Experimental Neurology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Neurology?f_ri=69542"},{"id":945595,"name":"Pilot Projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_Projects?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2487557,"name":"PILOTs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PILOTs?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67695416" data-work_id="67695416" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67695416/Brief_communication_The_Thule_migration_Rejecting_population_histories_using_computer_simulation">Brief communication: The Thule migration: Rejecting population histories using computer simulation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Locked within our genetic code are the histories of our genes and the genes of our ancestors. Deciphering a population's history from genetic data often involves lengthy investigations of many loci for many individuals. We test... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67695416" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Locked within our genetic code are the histories of our genes and the genes of our ancestors. Deciphering a population's history from genetic data often involves lengthy investigations of many loci for many individuals. We test hypothetical population histories of the Thule expansion using a new coalescent simulation method that uses little more than mitochondrial haplogroup data. This new methodology rejects a severe bottleneck at expansion and reveals the range of probable population histories on which to focus future research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67695416" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="85029140170b198491cb9e1e5bb077f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78424797,"asset_id":67695416,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78424797/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65602299" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlanRogers13">Alan Rogers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65602299" type="text/json">{"id":65602299,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Rogers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlanRogers13","display_name":"Alan Rogers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlanRogers13?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65602299/17092150/17258962/s65_alan.rogers.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67695416 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67695416"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67695416, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67695416", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67695416 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67695416; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67695416"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67695416 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67695416"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67695416; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67695416]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67695416").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67695416").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67695416"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67695416]'), work: {"id":67695416,"title":"Brief communication: The Thule migration: Rejecting population histories using computer simulation","created_at":"2022-01-09T11:34:34.558-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67695416/Brief_communication_The_Thule_migration_Rejecting_population_histories_using_computer_simulation?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_67695416","summary":"Locked within our genetic code are the histories of our genes and the genes of our ancestors. Deciphering a population's history from genetic data often involves lengthy investigations of many loci for many individuals. We test hypothetical population histories of the Thule expansion using a new coalescent simulation method that uses little more than mitochondrial haplogroup data. This new methodology rejects a severe bottleneck at expansion and reveals the range of probable population histories on which to focus future research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78424797,"asset_id":67695416,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65602299,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Rogers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlanRogers13","display_name":"Alan Rogers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlanRogers13?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65602299/17092150/17258962/s65_alan.rogers.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2923,"name":"Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology?f_ri=69542"},{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=69542"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=69542"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542"},{"id":38579,"name":"Coalescent Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coalescent_Theory?f_ri=69542"},{"id":42996,"name":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=69542"},{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":86952,"name":"Haplotypes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haplotypes?f_ri=69542"},{"id":107083,"name":"Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Method?f_ri=69542"},{"id":114829,"name":"New","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New?f_ri=69542"},{"id":133821,"name":"Code","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Code?f_ri=69542"},{"id":162645,"name":"Population Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Density?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1032915,"name":"Expansion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expansion?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66403021" data-work_id="66403021" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66403021/Markerless_identification_of_key_events_in_gait_cycle_using_image_flow">Markerless identification of key events in gait cycle using image flow</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Gait analysis has been an interesting area of research for several decades. In this paper, we propose imageflow-based methods to compute the motion and velocities of different body segments automatically, using a single inexpensive video... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66403021" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Gait analysis has been an interesting area of research for several decades. In this paper, we propose imageflow-based methods to compute the motion and velocities of different body segments automatically, using a single inexpensive video camera. We then identify and extract different events of the gait cycle (double-support, mid-swing, toe-off and heel-strike) from video images. Experiments were conducted in which four walking subjects were captured from the sagittal plane. Automatic segmentation was performed to isolate the moving body from the background. The head excursion and the shank motion were then computed to identify the key frames corresponding to different events in the gait cycle. Our approach does not require calibrated cameras or special markers to capture movement. We have also compared our method with the Optotrak 3D motion capture system and found our results in good agreement with the Optotrak results. The development of our method has potential use in the markerless and unencumbered video capture of human locomotion. Monitoring gait in homes and communities provides a useful application for the aged and the disabled. Our method could potentially be used as an assessment tool to determine gait symmetry or to establish the normal gait pattern of an individual.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66403021" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="48dec1c3f5799453c4abf219b2ed7129" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77607754,"asset_id":66403021,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77607754/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40870615" href="https://gmu.academia.edu/ZoranDuric">Zoran Duric</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40870615" type="text/json">{"id":40870615,"first_name":"Zoran","last_name":"Duric","domain_name":"gmu","page_name":"ZoranDuric","display_name":"Zoran Duric","profile_url":"https://gmu.academia.edu/ZoranDuric?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40870615/45462418/35444492/s65_zoran.duric.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66403021 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66403021"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66403021, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66403021", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66403021 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66403021; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66403021"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66403021 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66403021"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66403021; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66403021]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66403021").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66403021").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66403021"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26870" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_segmentation">Image segmentation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26870" type="text/json">{"id":26870,"name":"Image segmentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_segmentation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60256" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gait">Gait</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="60256" type="text/json">{"id":60256,"name":"Gait","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gait?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66403021]'), work: {"id":66403021,"title":"Markerless identification of key events in gait cycle using image flow","created_at":"2021-12-29T08:43:00.307-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66403021/Markerless_identification_of_key_events_in_gait_cycle_using_image_flow?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_66403021","summary":"Gait analysis has been an interesting area of research for several decades. In this paper, we propose imageflow-based methods to compute the motion and velocities of different body segments automatically, using a single inexpensive video camera. We then identify and extract different events of the gait cycle (double-support, mid-swing, toe-off and heel-strike) from video images. Experiments were conducted in which four walking subjects were captured from the sagittal plane. Automatic segmentation was performed to isolate the moving body from the background. The head excursion and the shank motion were then computed to identify the key frames corresponding to different events in the gait cycle. Our approach does not require calibrated cameras or special markers to capture movement. We have also compared our method with the Optotrak 3D motion capture system and found our results in good agreement with the Optotrak results. The development of our method has potential use in the markerless and unencumbered video capture of human locomotion. Monitoring gait in homes and communities provides a useful application for the aged and the disabled. Our method could potentially be used as an assessment tool to determine gait symmetry or to establish the normal gait pattern of an individual.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77607754,"asset_id":66403021,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40870615,"first_name":"Zoran","last_name":"Duric","domain_name":"gmu","page_name":"ZoranDuric","display_name":"Zoran Duric","profile_url":"https://gmu.academia.edu/ZoranDuric?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40870615/45462418/35444492/s65_zoran.duric.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":26870,"name":"Image segmentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_segmentation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":60256,"name":"Gait","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gait?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":81812,"name":"Gait Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gait_Analysis?f_ri=69542"},{"id":123287,"name":"Three Dimensional Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Three_Dimensional_Imaging?f_ri=69542"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=69542"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=69542"},{"id":3110726,"name":"Whole Body Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whole_Body_Imaging?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66129740" data-work_id="66129740" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66129740/Development_of_a_computational_biomechanical_infant_model_for_the_investigation_of_infant_head_injury_by_shaking">Development of a computational biomechanical infant model for the investigation of infant head injury by shaking</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The inertial loading thresholds for infant head injury are of profound medico-legal and safety-engineering significance. Injurious experimentation with infants is impossible, and physical and computational biomechanical modelling has been... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66129740" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The inertial loading thresholds for infant head injury are of profound medico-legal and safety-engineering significance. Injurious experimentation with infants is impossible, and physical and computational biomechanical modelling has been frustrated by a paucity of paediatric biomechanical data. This study describes the development of a computational infant model (MD Adams®) by combining radiological, kinematic, mechanical modelling and literature-based data. Previous studies have suggested the neck as critical in determining inertial head loading. The biomechanical effects of varying neck stiffness parameters during simulated shakes were investigated, measuring peak translational and rotational accelerations and rotational velocities at the vertex. A neck quasi-static stiffness of 0.6 Nm/deg and lowest rate-dependent stiffness predisposed the model infant head to the highest accelerations. Plotted against scaled infant injury tolerance curves, simulations produced head acceleration...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66129740" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="10649c649912bf699d5ed270e20b415f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77443249,"asset_id":66129740,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77443249/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="196647766" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlisonKemp5">Alison Kemp</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="196647766" type="text/json">{"id":196647766,"first_name":"Alison","last_name":"Kemp","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlisonKemp5","display_name":"Alison Kemp","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlisonKemp5?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/196647766/58879547/47116698/s65_alison.kemp.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66129740 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66129740"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66129740, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66129740", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66129740 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66129740; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66129740"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66129740 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66129740"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66129740; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66129740]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66129740").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66129740").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66129740"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66129740]'), work: {"id":66129740,"title":"Development of a computational biomechanical infant model for the investigation of infant head injury by shaking","created_at":"2021-12-27T10:45:39.825-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66129740/Development_of_a_computational_biomechanical_infant_model_for_the_investigation_of_infant_head_injury_by_shaking?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_66129740","summary":"The inertial loading thresholds for infant head injury are of profound medico-legal and safety-engineering significance. Injurious experimentation with infants is impossible, and physical and computational biomechanical modelling has been frustrated by a paucity of paediatric biomechanical data. This study describes the development of a computational infant model (MD Adams®) by combining radiological, kinematic, mechanical modelling and literature-based data. Previous studies have suggested the neck as critical in determining inertial head loading. The biomechanical effects of varying neck stiffness parameters during simulated shakes were investigated, measuring peak translational and rotational accelerations and rotational velocities at the vertex. A neck quasi-static stiffness of 0.6 Nm/deg and lowest rate-dependent stiffness predisposed the model infant head to the highest accelerations. Plotted against scaled infant injury tolerance curves, simulations produced head acceleration...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77443249,"asset_id":66129740,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":196647766,"first_name":"Alison","last_name":"Kemp","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlisonKemp5","display_name":"Alison Kemp","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlisonKemp5?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/196647766/58879547/47116698/s65_alison.kemp.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":91079,"name":"Child Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Abuse?f_ri=69542"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=69542"},{"id":186079,"name":"Cervical Vertebrae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cervical_Vertebrae?f_ri=69542"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":329042,"name":"Head Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Head_Movements?f_ri=69542"},{"id":477118,"name":"Shaken Baby Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shaken_Baby_Syndrome?f_ri=69542"},{"id":847988,"name":"Neck","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neck?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64771855" data-work_id="64771855" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64771855/Echocardiographic_Nomograms_for_Chamber_Diameters_and_Areas_in_Caucasian_Children">Echocardiographic Nomograms for Chamber Diameters and Areas in Caucasian Children</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Although a quantitative evaluation of cardiac chamber dimensions in pediatric echocardiography is often important, nomograms for these structures are limited. The aim of this study was to establish reliable echocardiographic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64771855" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Although a quantitative evaluation of cardiac chamber dimensions in pediatric echocardiography is often important, nomograms for these structures are limited. The aim of this study was to establish reliable echocardiographic nomograms of cardiac chamber diameters and areas in a wide population of children. Methods: A total of 1,091 Caucasian Italian healthy children (age range, 0 days to 17 years; 44.8% female) with body surface areas (BSAs) ranging from 0.12 to 1.8 m 2 were prospectively enrolled. Twenty-two two-dimensional and M-mode measurements of atrial and ventricular chamber diameters and areas were performed. Models using linear, logarithmic, exponential, and square-root relationships were tested. Heteroscedasticity was tested by the White test and the Breusch-Pagan test. Age, weight, height, and BSA, calculated by the Haycock formula, were used as the independent variables in different analyses to predict the mean value of each echocardiographic measurement. The influence of various confounders, including gender, type of delivery, prematurity, and interobserver variability, was also evaluated. Structured Z scores were then computed. Results: The Haycock formula provided the best fit and was used when presenting data as predicted values (mean 6 2 SDs) for a given BSA and within equations relating echocardiographic measurements to BSA. Confounders were not included in the final models, because they did not show significant effects for most of the measurements. Conclusions: Echocardiographic reference values are presented for chamber area and diameters, derived from a large population of healthy children. These data partly cover a gap in actual pediatric echocardiographic nomograms. Further studies are required to reinforce these data, as well as to evaluate other parameters and ethnicities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64771855" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e79cc0dfed2a1a03c1c5fb7bac2165e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76652185,"asset_id":64771855,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76652185/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43096549" href="https://ftgm.academia.edu/BrunoMurzi">Bruno Murzi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43096549" type="text/json">{"id":43096549,"first_name":"Bruno","last_name":"Murzi","domain_name":"ftgm","page_name":"BrunoMurzi","display_name":"Bruno Murzi","profile_url":"https://ftgm.academia.edu/BrunoMurzi?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64771855 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64771855"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64771855, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64771855", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64771855 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64771855; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64771855"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64771855 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64771855"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64771855; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64771855]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64771855").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64771855").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64771855"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="445" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Graphics">Computer Graphics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="445" type="text/json">{"id":445,"name":"Computer Graphics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Graphics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64771855]'), work: {"id":64771855,"title":"Echocardiographic Nomograms for Chamber Diameters and Areas in Caucasian Children","created_at":"2021-12-17T02:37:53.200-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64771855/Echocardiographic_Nomograms_for_Chamber_Diameters_and_Areas_in_Caucasian_Children?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_64771855","summary":"Background: Although a quantitative evaluation of cardiac chamber dimensions in pediatric echocardiography is often important, nomograms for these structures are limited. The aim of this study was to establish reliable echocardiographic nomograms of cardiac chamber diameters and areas in a wide population of children. Methods: A total of 1,091 Caucasian Italian healthy children (age range, 0 days to 17 years; 44.8% female) with body surface areas (BSAs) ranging from 0.12 to 1.8 m 2 were prospectively enrolled. Twenty-two two-dimensional and M-mode measurements of atrial and ventricular chamber diameters and areas were performed. Models using linear, logarithmic, exponential, and square-root relationships were tested. Heteroscedasticity was tested by the White test and the Breusch-Pagan test. Age, weight, height, and BSA, calculated by the Haycock formula, were used as the independent variables in different analyses to predict the mean value of each echocardiographic measurement. The influence of various confounders, including gender, type of delivery, prematurity, and interobserver variability, was also evaluated. Structured Z scores were then computed. Results: The Haycock formula provided the best fit and was used when presenting data as predicted values (mean 6 2 SDs) for a given BSA and within equations relating echocardiographic measurements to BSA. Confounders were not included in the final models, because they did not show significant effects for most of the measurements. Conclusions: Echocardiographic reference values are presented for chamber area and diameters, derived from a large population of healthy children. These data partly cover a gap in actual pediatric echocardiographic nomograms. Further studies are required to reinforce these data, as well as to evaluate other parameters and ethnicities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76652185,"asset_id":64771855,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43096549,"first_name":"Bruno","last_name":"Murzi","domain_name":"ftgm","page_name":"BrunoMurzi","display_name":"Bruno Murzi","profile_url":"https://ftgm.academia.edu/BrunoMurzi?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":445,"name":"Computer Graphics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Graphics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":45213,"name":"Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italy?f_ri=69542"},{"id":46824,"name":"Echocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Echocardiography?f_ri=69542"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=69542"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=69542"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=69542"},{"id":561981,"name":"European Continental Ancestry Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Continental_Ancestry_Group?f_ri=69542"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1154249,"name":"Heart Ventricles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_Ventricles?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=69542"},{"id":3789879,"name":"Cardiovascular medicine and haematology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_medicine_and_haematology?f_ri=69542"},{"id":3846160,"name":"Ventricular Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ventricular_Function?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64353007" data-work_id="64353007" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/64353007/Theoretical_and_practical_considerations_in_the_doubly_labelled_water_2H2_18_O_method_for_the_measurement_of_carbon_dioxide_production_rate_in_man">Theoretical and practical considerations in the doubly-labelled water (2H2 (18) O) method for the measurement of carbon dioxide production rate in man</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64353007" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37693993" href="https://sun.academia.edu/CletosMapiye">Cletos Mapiye</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37693993" type="text/json">{"id":37693993,"first_name":"Cletos","last_name":"Mapiye","domain_name":"sun","page_name":"CletosMapiye","display_name":"Cletos Mapiye","profile_url":"https://sun.academia.edu/CletosMapiye?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37693993/25529475/24249982/s65_cletos.mapiye.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64353007 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64353007"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64353007, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64353007", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64353007 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64353007; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64353007"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64353007 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64353007"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64353007; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64353007]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64353007").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64353007").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64353007"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="300" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="300" type="text/json">{"id":300,"name":"Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="591" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics">Nutrition and Dietetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="591" type="text/json">{"id":591,"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4594" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide">Carbon Dioxide</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4594" type="text/json">{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36213" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Metabolism">Energy Metabolism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="36213" type="text/json">{"id":36213,"name":"Energy Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Metabolism?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64353007]'), work: {"id":64353007,"title":"Theoretical and practical considerations in the doubly-labelled water (2H2 (18) O) method for the measurement of carbon dioxide production rate in man","created_at":"2021-12-15T11:45:32.136-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64353007/Theoretical_and_practical_considerations_in_the_doubly_labelled_water_2H2_18_O_method_for_the_measurement_of_carbon_dioxide_production_rate_in_man?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_64353007","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37693993,"first_name":"Cletos","last_name":"Mapiye","domain_name":"sun","page_name":"CletosMapiye","display_name":"Cletos Mapiye","profile_url":"https://sun.academia.edu/CletosMapiye?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37693993/25529475/24249982/s65_cletos.mapiye.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":300,"name":"Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":591,"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":36213,"name":"Energy Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Metabolism?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=69542"},{"id":143483,"name":"Deuterium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deuterium?f_ri=69542"},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":3930116,"name":"Environmental Sustainability Indicators","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability_Indicators?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62559627" data-work_id="62559627" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62559627/Regular_thermal_therapy_may_promote_insulin_sensitivity_while_boosting_expression_of_endothelial_nitric_oxide_synthase_Effects_comparable_to_those_of_exercise_training">Regular thermal therapy may promote insulin sensitivity while boosting expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase – Effects comparable to those of exercise training</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Regular thermal therapy, using saunas or hot baths, has the potential to improve impaired insulin sensitivity and boost endothelial expression of the ''constitutive" isoform of nitric oxide synthase-effects, analogous to those of aerobic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62559627" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Regular thermal therapy, using saunas or hot baths, has the potential to improve impaired insulin sensitivity and boost endothelial expression of the ''constitutive" isoform of nitric oxide synthase-effects, analogous to those of aerobic training that should promote vascular health. Previous clinical reports suggest that hot tubs may be beneficial for diabetic control, and that sauna therapy can decrease blood pressure in essential hypertension and provide symptomatic benefit in congestive heart failure. For those who lack ready access to a sauna or communal hot tub, regular hot baths at home may suffice as practical thermal therapy. Thermal therapy might be viewed as an alternative to exercise training in patients too physically impaired for significant aerobic activity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62559627" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="305cbc6aef90f2b07a98391e153dd99a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75280021,"asset_id":62559627,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75280021/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="201888914" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FranciscoContreras263">Francisco Contreras</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="201888914" type="text/json">{"id":201888914,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"Contreras","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FranciscoContreras263","display_name":"Francisco Contreras","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FranciscoContreras263?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62559627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62559627"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62559627, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62559627", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_62559627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62559627; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_62559627"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_62559627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="62559627"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62559627; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62559627]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62559627").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62559627").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62559627"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25443" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_therapy">Exercise therapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25443" type="text/json">{"id":25443,"name":"Exercise therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_therapy?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51373" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insulin_Resistance">Insulin Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51373" type="text/json">{"id":51373,"name":"Insulin Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insulin_Resistance?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135185" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise">Exercise</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="135185" type="text/json">{"id":135185,"name":"Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62559627]'), work: {"id":62559627,"title":"Regular thermal therapy may promote insulin sensitivity while boosting expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase – Effects comparable to those of exercise training","created_at":"2021-11-27T08:32:04.066-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62559627/Regular_thermal_therapy_may_promote_insulin_sensitivity_while_boosting_expression_of_endothelial_nitric_oxide_synthase_Effects_comparable_to_those_of_exercise_training?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_62559627","summary":"Regular thermal therapy, using saunas or hot baths, has the potential to improve impaired insulin sensitivity and boost endothelial expression of the ''constitutive\" isoform of nitric oxide synthase-effects, analogous to those of aerobic training that should promote vascular health. Previous clinical reports suggest that hot tubs may be beneficial for diabetic control, and that sauna therapy can decrease blood pressure in essential hypertension and provide symptomatic benefit in congestive heart failure. For those who lack ready access to a sauna or communal hot tub, regular hot baths at home may suffice as practical thermal therapy. Thermal therapy might be viewed as an alternative to exercise training in patients too physically impaired for significant aerobic activity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75280021,"asset_id":62559627,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":201888914,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"Contreras","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FranciscoContreras263","display_name":"Francisco Contreras","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FranciscoContreras263?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25443,"name":"Exercise therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_therapy?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":51373,"name":"Insulin Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insulin_Resistance?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":135185,"name":"Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":3099364,"name":"Exercise training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_training?f_ri=69542"},{"id":3309420,"name":"Endothelial nitric oxide synthase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endothelial_nitric_oxide_synthase?f_ri=69542"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52857001" data-work_id="52857001" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52857001/Prediction_of_the_Water_Content_in_Protein_Binding_Sites">Prediction of the Water Content in Protein Binding Sites</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An efficient molecular simulation methodology has been developed to determine the positioning of water molecules in the binding site of a protein or protein-ligand complex. Occupancies and absolute binding free energies of water molecules... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52857001" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An efficient molecular simulation methodology has been developed to determine the positioning of water molecules in the binding site of a protein or protein-ligand complex. Occupancies and absolute binding free energies of water molecules are computed using a statistical thermodynamics approach. The methodology, referred to as JAWS, features "θ-water" molecules that can appear and disappear on a binding-site grid. Key approximations render the technique far more efficient than conventional free energy simulations. Testing of JAWS on five diverse examples (neuraminidase, scytalone dehydratase, major urinary protein 1, β-lactoglobulin, and COX-2) demonstrates its accuracy in locating hydration sites in comparison to results from high-resolution crystal structures. Possible applications include aid in refinement of protein crystal structures, drug lead optimization, setup of docking calculations and simulations of protein-ligand complexes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52857001" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="021c37c0b45485ae6ff70a9917b87df4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69918589,"asset_id":52857001,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69918589/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30729926" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JulianTiradorives">Julian Tirado-rives</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30729926" type="text/json">{"id":30729926,"first_name":"Julian","last_name":"Tirado-rives","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JulianTiradorives","display_name":"Julian Tirado-rives","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JulianTiradorives?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52857001 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52857001"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52857001, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52857001", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_52857001 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52857001; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_52857001"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_52857001 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="52857001"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52857001; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=52857001]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_52857001").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_52857001").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="52857001"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="522" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics">Thermodynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="522" type="text/json">{"id":522,"name":"Thermodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52857001]'), work: {"id":52857001,"title":"Prediction of the Water Content in Protein Binding Sites","created_at":"2021-09-19T09:04:04.047-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/52857001/Prediction_of_the_Water_Content_in_Protein_Binding_Sites?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_52857001","summary":"An efficient molecular simulation methodology has been developed to determine the positioning of water molecules in the binding site of a protein or protein-ligand complex. Occupancies and absolute binding free energies of water molecules are computed using a statistical thermodynamics approach. The methodology, referred to as JAWS, features \"θ-water\" molecules that can appear and disappear on a binding-site grid. Key approximations render the technique far more efficient than conventional free energy simulations. Testing of JAWS on five diverse examples (neuraminidase, scytalone dehydratase, major urinary protein 1, β-lactoglobulin, and COX-2) demonstrates its accuracy in locating hydration sites in comparison to results from high-resolution crystal structures. Possible applications include aid in refinement of protein crystal structures, drug lead optimization, setup of docking calculations and simulations of protein-ligand complexes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69918589,"asset_id":52857001,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30729926,"first_name":"Julian","last_name":"Tirado-rives","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JulianTiradorives","display_name":"Julian Tirado-rives","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JulianTiradorives?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":522,"name":"Thermodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":118582,"name":"Physical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":181569,"name":"Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins?f_ri=69542"},{"id":234622,"name":"Neuraminidase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuraminidase?f_ri=69542"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=69542"},{"id":260829,"name":"Cattle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cattle?f_ri=69542"},{"id":845678,"name":"Water Content","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Content?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1010725,"name":"Protein Binding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Binding?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1745595,"name":"Solvents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solvents?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2898895,"name":"binding sites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/binding_sites?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34766313" data-work_id="34766313" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34766313/A_study_on_the_reference_electrode_standardization_technique_for_a_realistic_head_model">A study on the reference electrode standardization technique for a realistic head model</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Reference electrode standardization technique; Equivalent source technique; Reference at infinity; Average reference</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34766313" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee0428536eb2895a537f7e26ecc9bb64" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54625543,"asset_id":34766313,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54625543/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38160571" href="https://uestc.academia.edu/DezhongYao">Dezhong Yao</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38160571" type="text/json">{"id":38160571,"first_name":"Dezhong","last_name":"Yao","domain_name":"uestc","page_name":"DezhongYao","display_name":"Dezhong Yao","profile_url":"https://uestc.academia.edu/DezhongYao?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38160571/10658371/17932740/s65_dezhong.yao.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34766313 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34766313"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34766313, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34766313", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34766313 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34766313; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34766313"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34766313 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34766313"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34766313; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34766313]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34766313").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34766313").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34766313"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering">Biomedical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1131" type="text/json">{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10904" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalography">Electroencephalography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10904" type="text/json">{"id":10904,"name":"Electroencephalography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalography?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43986" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity">Electricity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43986" type="text/json">{"id":43986,"name":"Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34766313]'), work: {"id":34766313,"title":"A study on the reference electrode standardization technique for a realistic head model","created_at":"2017-10-04T17:27:13.882-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34766313/A_study_on_the_reference_electrode_standardization_technique_for_a_realistic_head_model?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_34766313","summary":"Reference electrode standardization technique; Equivalent source technique; Reference at infinity; Average reference","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54625543,"asset_id":34766313,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38160571,"first_name":"Dezhong","last_name":"Yao","domain_name":"uestc","page_name":"DezhongYao","display_name":"Dezhong Yao","profile_url":"https://uestc.academia.edu/DezhongYao?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38160571/10658371/17932740/s65_dezhong.yao.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":10904,"name":"Electroencephalography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalography?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":43986,"name":"Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":53293,"name":"Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software?f_ri=69542"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":107350,"name":"Skull","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skull?f_ri=69542"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=69542"},{"id":846015,"name":"Electrodes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrodes?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1142720,"name":"Normal Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normal_Distribution?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3465041" data-work_id="3465041" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3465041/Repositioning_The_Knee_Joint_In_Human_Body_FE_Models_Using_A_Graphics_Based_Technique">Repositioning The Knee Joint In Human Body FE Models Using A Graphics Based Technique</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: Human body finite element models (FE-HBMs) are available in standard occupant or pedestrian postures. There is a need to have FE-HBMs in the same posture as a crash victim or to be configured in varying postures. Developing FE... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3465041" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: Human body finite element models (FE-HBMs) are available in standard occupant or pedestrian postures. There is a need to have FE-HBMs in the same posture as a crash victim or to be configured in varying postures. Developing FE models for all possible positions is not practically viable. The current work aims at obtaining a posture-specific human lower extremity model by reconfiguring an existing one. Methodology: A graphics-based technique was developed to reposition the lower extremity of an FE-HBM by specifying the flexion–extension angle. Elements of the model were segregated into rigid (bones) and deformable components (soft tissues). The bones were rotated about the flexion–extension axis followed by rotation about the longitudinal axis to capture the twisting of the tibia. The desired knee joint movement was thus achieved. Geometric heuristics were then used to reposition the skin. A mapping defined over the space between bones and the skin was used to regenerate the soft tissues. Mesh smoothing was then done to augment mesh quality. Results: The developed method permits control over the kinematics of the joint and maintains the initial mesh quality of the model. For some critical areas (in the joint vicinity) where element distortion is large, mesh smoothing is done to improve mesh quality. Conclusions: A method to reposition the knee joint of a human body FE model was developed. Repositions of a model from 9 degrees of flexion to 90 degrees of flexion in just a few seconds without subjective interventions was demonstrated. Because the mesh quality of the repositioned model was maintained to a predefined level (typically to the level of a well-made model in the initial configuration), the model was suitable for subsequent simulations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3465041" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="776cfaebe1002e998064567fd9b9cc22" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50272479,"asset_id":3465041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50272479/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4052899" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DhavalJani">Dhaval Jani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4052899" type="text/json">{"id":4052899,"first_name":"Dhaval","last_name":"Jani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DhavalJani","display_name":"Dhaval Jani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DhavalJani?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3465041 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3465041"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3465041, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3465041", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3465041 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3465041; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3465041"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3465041 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3465041"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3465041; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3465041]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3465041").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3465041").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3465041"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="445" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Graphics">Computer Graphics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="445" type="text/json">{"id":445,"name":"Computer Graphics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Graphics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesh_quality">Mesh quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8254" type="text/json">{"id":8254,"name":"Mesh quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesh_quality?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47297" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automotive_Engineering">Automotive Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47297" type="text/json">{"id":47297,"name":"Automotive Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automotive_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3465041]'), work: {"id":3465041,"title":"Repositioning The Knee Joint In Human Body FE Models Using A Graphics Based Technique","created_at":"2013-05-04T21:51:22.645-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3465041/Repositioning_The_Knee_Joint_In_Human_Body_FE_Models_Using_A_Graphics_Based_Technique?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_3465041","summary":"Objective: Human body finite element models (FE-HBMs) are available in standard occupant or pedestrian postures. There is a need to have FE-HBMs in the same posture as a crash victim or to be configured in varying postures. Developing FE models for all possible positions is not practically viable. The current work aims at obtaining a posture-specific human lower extremity model by reconfiguring an existing one. Methodology: A graphics-based technique was developed to reposition the lower extremity of an FE-HBM by specifying the flexion–extension angle. Elements of the model were segregated into rigid (bones) and deformable components (soft tissues). The bones were rotated about the flexion–extension axis followed by rotation about the longitudinal axis to capture the twisting of the tibia. The desired knee joint movement was thus achieved. Geometric heuristics were then used to reposition the skin. A mapping defined over the space between bones and the skin was used to regenerate the soft tissues. Mesh smoothing was then done to augment mesh quality. Results: The developed method permits control over the kinematics of the joint and maintains the initial mesh quality of the model. For some critical areas (in the joint vicinity) where element distortion is large, mesh smoothing is done to improve mesh quality. Conclusions: A method to reposition the knee joint of a human body FE model was developed. Repositions of a model from 9 degrees of flexion to 90 degrees of flexion in just a few seconds without subjective interventions was demonstrated. Because the mesh quality of the repositioned model was maintained to a predefined level (typically to the level of a well-made model in the initial configuration), the model was suitable for subsequent simulations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50272479,"asset_id":3465041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4052899,"first_name":"Dhaval","last_name":"Jani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DhavalJani","display_name":"Dhaval Jani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DhavalJani?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":445,"name":"Computer Graphics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Graphics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":8254,"name":"Mesh quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesh_quality?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":47297,"name":"Automotive Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automotive_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":49273,"name":"Finite Element Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element_Analysis?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":88140,"name":"Human Body","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Body?f_ri=69542"},{"id":228356,"name":"Posture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Posture?f_ri=69542"},{"id":386557,"name":"Finite Element Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element_Model?f_ri=69542"},{"id":631028,"name":"Soft Tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Tissue?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1144215,"name":"Lower Extremity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Extremity?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1145265,"name":"Knee Joint","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knee_Joint?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1314918,"name":"Traffic Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traffic_Injury?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3559363" data-work_id="3559363" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3559363/Application_of_Artificial_Neural_Networks_for_Childhood_Obesity_Predicition">Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Childhood Obesity Predicition</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this study, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were applied to predict the mean monthly wind speed of any target station using the mean monthly wind speeds of neighboring stations which are indicated as reference stations. Hourly wind... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3559363" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were applied to predict the mean monthly wind speed of any target station using the mean monthly wind speeds of neighboring stations which are indicated as reference stations. Hourly wind speed data, collected by the Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS) at 8 measuring stations located in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey were used. The long-term wind data, containing hourly wind speeds, directions and related information, cover the period between 1992 and 2001. These data were divided into two sections. According to the correlation coefficients, reference and target stations were defined. The mean monthly wind speeds of reference stations were used and also corresponding months were specified in the input layer of the network. On the other hand, the mean monthly wind speed of the target station was utilized in the output layer of the network. Resilient propagation (RP) learning algorithm was applied in the present simulation. The hidden layers and output layer of the network consist of logistic sigmoid transfer function (logsig) and linear transfer function (purelin) as an activation function. Finally, the values determined by ANN model were compared with the actual data. The maximum mean absolute percentage error was found to be 14.13% for Antakya meteorological station and the best result was found to be 4.49% for Mersin meteorological station. r</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3559363" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="91a2cccecd4c81b934d69ceb28bd7686" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50230956,"asset_id":3559363,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50230956/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4229567" href="https://uni-mb.academia.edu/MartinBigec">Martin Bigec</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4229567" type="text/json">{"id":4229567,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Bigec","domain_name":"uni-mb","page_name":"MartinBigec","display_name":"Martin Bigec","profile_url":"https://uni-mb.academia.edu/MartinBigec?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3559363 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3559363"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3559363, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3559363", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3559363 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3559363; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3559363"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3559363 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3559363"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3559363; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3559363]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3559363").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3559363").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3559363"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">32</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60" type="text/json">{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3559363]'), work: {"id":3559363,"title":"Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Childhood Obesity Predicition","created_at":"2013-05-18T16:43:23.345-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3559363/Application_of_Artificial_Neural_Networks_for_Childhood_Obesity_Predicition?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_3559363","summary":"In this study, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were applied to predict the mean monthly wind speed of any target station using the mean monthly wind speeds of neighboring stations which are indicated as reference stations. Hourly wind speed data, collected by the Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS) at 8 measuring stations located in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey were used. The long-term wind data, containing hourly wind speeds, directions and related information, cover the period between 1992 and 2001. These data were divided into two sections. According to the correlation coefficients, reference and target stations were defined. The mean monthly wind speeds of reference stations were used and also corresponding months were specified in the input layer of the network. On the other hand, the mean monthly wind speed of the target station was utilized in the output layer of the network. Resilient propagation (RP) learning algorithm was applied in the present simulation. The hidden layers and output layer of the network consist of logistic sigmoid transfer function (logsig) and linear transfer function (purelin) as an activation function. Finally, the values determined by ANN model were compared with the actual data. The maximum mean absolute percentage error was found to be 14.13% for Antakya meteorological station and the best result was found to be 4.49% for Mersin meteorological station. r","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50230956,"asset_id":3559363,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4229567,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Bigec","domain_name":"uni-mb","page_name":"MartinBigec","display_name":"Martin Bigec","profile_url":"https://uni-mb.academia.edu/MartinBigec?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=69542"},{"id":470,"name":"Expert Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expert_Systems?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=69542"},{"id":5412,"name":"Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy?f_ri=69542"},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=69542"},{"id":15372,"name":"Ion Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ion_Chromatography?f_ri=69542"},{"id":17515,"name":"Digital imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_imaging?f_ri=69542"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=69542"},{"id":32927,"name":"Molecular modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_modeling?f_ri=69542"},{"id":67215,"name":"Separation Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Separation_Science?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":80799,"name":"Classical Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Physics?f_ri=69542"},{"id":100540,"name":"Feasibility Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feasibility_Studies?f_ri=69542"},{"id":126839,"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obstetrics_and_Gynaecology?f_ri=69542"},{"id":153770,"name":"Palpation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palpation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=69542"},{"id":469018,"name":"Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms?f_ri=69542"},{"id":645605,"name":"THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/THEORETICAL_AND_COMPUTATIONAL_CHEMISTRY?f_ri=69542"},{"id":778709,"name":"Reaction Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Rate?f_ri=69542"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1044977,"name":"Petroleum Science and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Petroleum_Science_and_Engineering?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1117546,"name":"Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Chemistry_Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1211304,"name":"Artificial Neural Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Neural_Network?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1363315,"name":"Axilla","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axilla?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2079216,"name":"Lymph nodes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymph_nodes?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3685189" data-work_id="3685189" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3685189/Comparison_of_Models_Used_for_UV_Index_Calculations">Comparison of Models Used for UV Index Calculations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Eighteen radiative transfer models in use for calculation of UV index are compared with respect to their results for more than 100 cloud-free atmospheres, which describe present, possible future and extreme conditions. The comparison... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3685189" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Eighteen radiative transfer models in use for calculation of UV index are compared with respect to their results for more than 100 cloud-free atmospheres, which describe present, possible future and extreme conditions. The comparison includes six multiple-scattering spectral models, eight fast spectral models and four empirical models. Averages of the results of the six participating multiple-scattering spectral models are taken as a basis for assessment. The agreement among the multiple-scattering models is within 20.5 UV index values for more than 80% of chosen atmospheric parameters. The fast spectral models have very different agreement, between +1 and up to 12 UV index values. The results of the empirical models agree reasonably well with the reference models but only for the atmospheres for which they have been developed. The data to describe the atmospheric conditions, which are used for the comparison, together with the individual results of all participating models and model descriptions are available on the Internet: <a href="http://www.meteo.physik.uni-muenchen.de/strahlunglcostl" rel="nofollow">http://www.meteo.physik.uni-muenchen.de/strahlunglcostl</a>.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3685189" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea9f63336eb6fb5a8df380be2e2a80cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50178674,"asset_id":3685189,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50178674/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="102927" href="https://vetmeduni.academia.edu/GuntherSchauberger">Gunther Schauberger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="102927" type="text/json">{"id":102927,"first_name":"Gunther","last_name":"Schauberger","domain_name":"vetmeduni","page_name":"GuntherSchauberger","display_name":"Gunther Schauberger","profile_url":"https://vetmeduni.academia.edu/GuntherSchauberger?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102927/28310/26063/s65_gunther.schauberger.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3685189 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3685189"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3685189, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3685189", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3685189 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3685189; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3685189"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3685189 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3685189"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3685189; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3685189]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3685189").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3685189").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3685189"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5104" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photochemistry">Photochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5104" type="text/json">{"id":5104,"name":"Photochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photochemistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="118582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_sciences">Physical sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="118582" type="text/json">{"id":118582,"name":"Physical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_sciences?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3685189]'), work: {"id":3685189,"title":"Comparison of Models Used for UV Index Calculations","created_at":"2013-06-10T16:33:24.405-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3685189/Comparison_of_Models_Used_for_UV_Index_Calculations?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_3685189","summary":"Eighteen radiative transfer models in use for calculation of UV index are compared with respect to their results for more than 100 cloud-free atmospheres, which describe present, possible future and extreme conditions. The comparison includes six multiple-scattering spectral models, eight fast spectral models and four empirical models. Averages of the results of the six participating multiple-scattering spectral models are taken as a basis for assessment. The agreement among the multiple-scattering models is within 20.5 UV index values for more than 80% of chosen atmospheric parameters. The fast spectral models have very different agreement, between +1 and up to 12 UV index values. The results of the empirical models agree reasonably well with the reference models but only for the atmospheres for which they have been developed. The data to describe the atmospheric conditions, which are used for the comparison, together with the individual results of all participating models and model descriptions are available on the Internet: http://www.meteo.physik.uni-muenchen.de/strahlunglcostl.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50178674,"asset_id":3685189,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":102927,"first_name":"Gunther","last_name":"Schauberger","domain_name":"vetmeduni","page_name":"GuntherSchauberger","display_name":"Gunther Schauberger","profile_url":"https://vetmeduni.academia.edu/GuntherSchauberger?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102927/28310/26063/s65_gunther.schauberger.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5104,"name":"Photochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photochemistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":118582,"name":"Physical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_sciences?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":146042,"name":"Weather","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weather?f_ri=69542"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=69542"},{"id":377108,"name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photochemistry_and_Photobiology?f_ri=69542"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1137639,"name":"Sunlight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sunlight?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5073669" data-work_id="5073669" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5073669/Host_Pathogen_Systems_Biology">Host–Pathogen Systems Biology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Unlike traditional biological research that focuses on a small set of components, systems biology studies the complex interactions among a large number of genes, proteins, and other elements of biological networks and systems.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5073669" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Unlike traditional biological research that focuses on a small set of components, systems biology studies the complex interactions among a large number of genes, proteins, and other elements of biological networks and systems. Host-pathogen systems biology examines the interactions between the components of two distinct organisms: a microbial or viral pathogen and its animal host. With the availability of complete genomic sequences of a variety of hosts and pathogens, together with breakthroughs in proteomics, metabolomics, and other experimental areas, the investigation of host-pathogen systems on a multitude of levels of detail has come within reach. This chapter introduces methods and approaches for the analysis of host-pathogen systems. We will particularly emphasize the role of biochemical networks for the study of complex relationships across species boundaries. Although the research area of host-pathogen systems biology spans multiple spatial and temporal scales, we will focus on the molecular and cellular aspects of pathogen-host interactions. We will cover the construction of biochemical networks, the identification of functional response sub-networks, and their comparative network analysis. These methods find application in the identification of host markers and drug targets for further drug development and therapeutic interventions. We will also provide a brief review of other modeling techniques and applications within host-pathogen systems biology, including rule-based modeling of signal transduction pathways, immune system models, and physiological top-down approaches.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5073669" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e2e760d2c969235369af9387147a6a0f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49460726,"asset_id":5073669,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49460726/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6785649" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndersonBorgesFideles">Anderson Borges Fideles</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6785649" type="text/json">{"id":6785649,"first_name":"Anderson","last_name":"Borges Fideles","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndersonBorgesFideles","display_name":"Anderson Borges Fideles","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndersonBorgesFideles?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5073669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5073669"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5073669, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5073669", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5073669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5073669; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5073669"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5073669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5073669"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5073669; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5073669]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5073669").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5073669").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5073669"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5400" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Biology">Systems Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5400" type="text/json">{"id":5400,"name":"Systems Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Biology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9191" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Analysis">Network Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9191" type="text/json">{"id":9191,"name":"Network Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Analysis?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10640" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Discovery">Drug Discovery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10640" type="text/json">{"id":10640,"name":"Drug Discovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Discovery?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13841" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_development">Drug development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13841" type="text/json">{"id":13841,"name":"Drug development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_development?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5073669]'), work: {"id":5073669,"title":"Host–Pathogen Systems Biology","created_at":"2013-11-12T01:29:27.306-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5073669/Host_Pathogen_Systems_Biology?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_5073669","summary":"Unlike traditional biological research that focuses on a small set of components, systems biology studies the complex interactions among a large number of genes, proteins, and other elements of biological networks and systems. Host-pathogen systems biology examines the interactions between the components of two distinct organisms: a microbial or viral pathogen and its animal host. With the availability of complete genomic sequences of a variety of hosts and pathogens, together with breakthroughs in proteomics, metabolomics, and other experimental areas, the investigation of host-pathogen systems on a multitude of levels of detail has come within reach. This chapter introduces methods and approaches for the analysis of host-pathogen systems. We will particularly emphasize the role of biochemical networks for the study of complex relationships across species boundaries. Although the research area of host-pathogen systems biology spans multiple spatial and temporal scales, we will focus on the molecular and cellular aspects of pathogen-host interactions. We will cover the construction of biochemical networks, the identification of functional response sub-networks, and their comparative network analysis. These methods find application in the identification of host markers and drug targets for further drug development and therapeutic interventions. We will also provide a brief review of other modeling techniques and applications within host-pathogen systems biology, including rule-based modeling of signal transduction pathways, immune system models, and physiological top-down approaches.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49460726,"asset_id":5073669,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6785649,"first_name":"Anderson","last_name":"Borges Fideles","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndersonBorgesFideles","display_name":"Anderson Borges Fideles","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndersonBorgesFideles?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5400,"name":"Systems Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Biology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":9191,"name":"Network Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Analysis?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":10640,"name":"Drug Discovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Discovery?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":13841,"name":"Drug development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_development?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":19744,"name":"System Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/System_Biology?f_ri=69542"},{"id":24706,"name":"Innate immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_immunity?f_ri=69542"},{"id":30718,"name":"Level Of Detail (LOD)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Level_Of_Detail_LOD_?f_ri=69542"},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":109739,"name":"Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection?f_ri=69542"},{"id":120789,"name":"Drug Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design?f_ri=69542"},{"id":163821,"name":"Signal Transduction Pathway Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction_Pathway_Models?f_ri=69542"},{"id":247479,"name":"Biological Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Network?f_ri=69542"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=69542"},{"id":904693,"name":"Top Down","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Top_Down?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1007684,"name":"Virus diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus_diseases?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1015099,"name":"Drug Targeting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Targeting?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1216932,"name":"Rule Based","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rule_Based?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2367526,"name":"Functional Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Response?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7537371" data-work_id="7537371" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7537371/Identification_of_large_scale_networks_in_the_brain_using_fMRI">Identification of large-scale networks in the brain using fMRI</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cognition is thought to result from interactions within large-scale networks of brain regions. Here we propose a method to identify these large-scale networks using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Regions belonging to such... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7537371" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cognition is thought to result from interactions within large-scale networks of brain regions. Here we propose a method to identify these large-scale networks using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Regions belonging to such networks are defined as sets of strongly interacting regions, each of which showing an homogeneous temporal activity. Our method of large-scale network identification (LSNI) proceeds by first detecting functionally homogeneous regions. The networks of functional interconnections are then found by comparing the correlations among these regions against a model of the correlations in the noise.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7537371" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="567c0d05a7d4a6536d0b3a2177f35c03" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48431027,"asset_id":7537371,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48431027/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13520202" href="https://sorbonne-universites.academia.edu/VincentPerlbarg">Vincent Perlbarg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13520202" type="text/json">{"id":13520202,"first_name":"Vincent","last_name":"Perlbarg","domain_name":"sorbonne-universites","page_name":"VincentPerlbarg","display_name":"Vincent Perlbarg","profile_url":"https://sorbonne-universites.academia.edu/VincentPerlbarg?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7537371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7537371"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7537371, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7537371", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7537371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7537371; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7537371"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7537371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7537371"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7537371; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7537371]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7537371").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7537371").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7537371"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9191" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Analysis">Network Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9191" type="text/json">{"id":9191,"name":"Network Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Analysis?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9224" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_MRI">Functional MRI</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9224" type="text/json">{"id":9224,"name":"Functional MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_MRI?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32913" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimmunology">Neuroimmunology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="32913" type="text/json">{"id":32913,"name":"Neuroimmunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimmunology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7537371]'), work: {"id":7537371,"title":"Identification of large-scale networks in the brain using fMRI","created_at":"2014-07-02T17:51:59.163-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7537371/Identification_of_large_scale_networks_in_the_brain_using_fMRI?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_7537371","summary":"Cognition is thought to result from interactions within large-scale networks of brain regions. Here we propose a method to identify these large-scale networks using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Regions belonging to such networks are defined as sets of strongly interacting regions, each of which showing an homogeneous temporal activity. Our method of large-scale network identification (LSNI) proceeds by first detecting functionally homogeneous regions. The networks of functional interconnections are then found by comparing the correlations among these regions against a model of the correlations in the noise.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48431027,"asset_id":7537371,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13520202,"first_name":"Vincent","last_name":"Perlbarg","domain_name":"sorbonne-universites","page_name":"VincentPerlbarg","display_name":"Vincent Perlbarg","profile_url":"https://sorbonne-universites.academia.edu/VincentPerlbarg?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":9191,"name":"Network Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Analysis?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":9224,"name":"Functional MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_MRI?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":32913,"name":"Neuroimmunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimmunology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":52176,"name":"Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping?f_ri=69542"},{"id":52763,"name":"Functional Connectivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Connectivity?f_ri=69542"},{"id":53293,"name":"Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software?f_ri=69542"},{"id":58906,"name":"Fourier Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fourier_Analysis?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":78467,"name":"Cerebral Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Cortex?f_ri=69542"},{"id":93037,"name":"Orientation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":103260,"name":"Neuroimage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimage?f_ri=69542"},{"id":119259,"name":"Magnetic Resonance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance?f_ri=69542"},{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=69542"},{"id":123287,"name":"Three Dimensional Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Three_Dimensional_Imaging?f_ri=69542"},{"id":142889,"name":"Mental processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_processes?f_ri=69542"},{"id":144219,"name":"Mathematical Computing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Computing?f_ri=69542"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=69542"},{"id":758278,"name":"Large Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Scale?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1167632,"name":"Synthetic Data Generation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synthetic_Data_Generation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1236957,"name":"Block Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Design?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1874168,"name":"National Academy of Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Academy_of_Sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2444775,"name":"Psychomotor Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychomotor_Performance?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2463496,"name":"Statistics as Topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics_as_Topic?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11342277" data-work_id="11342277" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11342277/Coherent_Brillouin_scattering">Coherent Brillouin scattering</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We measure the spectrum of coherent Brillouin scattering (CBS) in a gas as a function of time and observe for the first time additional spectral sidebands and line shape narrowing of the Brillouin peak. We find that both effects result... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11342277" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We measure the spectrum of coherent Brillouin scattering (CBS) in a gas as a function of time and observe for the first time additional spectral sidebands and line shape narrowing of the Brillouin peak. We find that both effects result from the interference of the density modulation induced by the moving dipole force of the pump beams with the acoustic waves induced by their fast thermalization and are predicted by a hydrodynamic-light scattering model. These line shapes differ from both spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering spectra and also from previous coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin measurements.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11342277" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2e5ef5d4d069047b69c27d30ce719d0a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46754512,"asset_id":11342277,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46754512/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27520499" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexandrosGerakis">Alexandros Gerakis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27520499" type="text/json">{"id":27520499,"first_name":"Alexandros","last_name":"Gerakis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexandrosGerakis","display_name":"Alexandros Gerakis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexandrosGerakis?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11342277 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11342277"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11342277, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11342277", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11342277 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11342277; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11342277"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11342277 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11342277"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11342277; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11342277]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11342277").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11342277").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11342277"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128057" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light">Light</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128057" type="text/json">{"id":128057,"name":"Light","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="263152" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_physics">Optical physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="263152" type="text/json">{"id":263152,"name":"Optical physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_physics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="644345" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gases">Gases</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="644345" type="text/json">{"id":644345,"name":"Gases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gases?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11342277]'), work: {"id":11342277,"title":"Coherent Brillouin scattering","created_at":"2015-03-09T12:27:29.152-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11342277/Coherent_Brillouin_scattering?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_11342277","summary":"We measure the spectrum of coherent Brillouin scattering (CBS) in a gas as a function of time and observe for the first time additional spectral sidebands and line shape narrowing of the Brillouin peak. We find that both effects result from the interference of the density modulation induced by the moving dipole force of the pump beams with the acoustic waves induced by their fast thermalization and are predicted by a hydrodynamic-light scattering model. These line shapes differ from both spontaneous and stimulated Brillouin scattering spectra and also from previous coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin measurements.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46754512,"asset_id":11342277,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27520499,"first_name":"Alexandros","last_name":"Gerakis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexandrosGerakis","display_name":"Alexandros Gerakis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexandrosGerakis?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":128057,"name":"Light","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":263152,"name":"Optical physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_physics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":644345,"name":"Gases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gases?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1263997,"name":"Nephelometry and Turbidimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nephelometry_and_Turbidimetry?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1412232,"name":"Refractometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refractometry?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26025335" data-work_id="26025335" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26025335/Influence_of_the_moment_exerted_by_the_athlete_on_the_pole_in_pole_vaulting_performance">Influence of the moment exerted by the athlete on the pole in pole-vaulting performance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Current studies on pole-vaulting focus mostly on energy transfer data [Ekevad, M., Lundberg, B., 1995. Simulation of ''smart'' pole .] and often fail to take into account the actions exerted on the pole [Arampatzis, . Effect of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26025335" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Current studies on pole-vaulting focus mostly on energy transfer data [Ekevad, M., Lundberg, B., 1995. Simulation of ''smart'' pole .] and often fail to take into account the actions exerted on the pole [Arampatzis, . Effect of the pole-human body interaction on pole-vaulting performance. Journal of Biomechanics 37, 1353-1360]. The present study integrates the 3D kinematics data of the athlete but also the actions measured at the end of the pole in the planting box and on the track during the last stride before take-off. It proposes a mechanical model allowing determination of the pole-vaulter's actions on the pole. The model is based on a global mechanical approach. The pole-vaulter's action on his upper and lower hand is concentrated on one middle point to solve the dynamics problem. The model was applied to seven experienced pole-vaulters. The force and the moment exerted on the pole by the pole-vaulter during the last stride before take off and during jump stage, were calculated. This analysis of the compressive force and bending moment for seven pole-vaulters helps to highlight the impact of the moment in the performance. The conclusion is confirmed by an additional comparative study carried out on two polevaulters, with comparable morphologies and performing with the same pole. r</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26025335" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a42d3cab96ae31d4b261bd7220753874" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46368579,"asset_id":26025335,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46368579/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32391900" href="https://bordeaux.academia.edu/MichelMesnard">Michel Mesnard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32391900" type="text/json">{"id":32391900,"first_name":"Michel","last_name":"Mesnard","domain_name":"bordeaux","page_name":"MichelMesnard","display_name":"Michel Mesnard","profile_url":"https://bordeaux.academia.edu/MichelMesnard?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26025335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26025335"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26025335, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26025335", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26025335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26025335; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26025335"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26025335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26025335"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26025335; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26025335]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26025335").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26025335").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26025335"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60" type="text/json">{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering">Biomedical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1131" type="text/json">{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3132" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3132" type="text/json">{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Conversion">Energy Conversion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22088" type="text/json">{"id":22088,"name":"Energy Conversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Conversion?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26025335]'), work: {"id":26025335,"title":"Influence of the moment exerted by the athlete on the pole in pole-vaulting performance","created_at":"2016-06-09T13:14:27.160-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26025335/Influence_of_the_moment_exerted_by_the_athlete_on_the_pole_in_pole_vaulting_performance?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_26025335","summary":"Current studies on pole-vaulting focus mostly on energy transfer data [Ekevad, M., Lundberg, B., 1995. Simulation of ''smart'' pole .] and often fail to take into account the actions exerted on the pole [Arampatzis, . Effect of the pole-human body interaction on pole-vaulting performance. Journal of Biomechanics 37, 1353-1360]. The present study integrates the 3D kinematics data of the athlete but also the actions measured at the end of the pole in the planting box and on the track during the last stride before take-off. It proposes a mechanical model allowing determination of the pole-vaulter's actions on the pole. The model is based on a global mechanical approach. The pole-vaulter's action on his upper and lower hand is concentrated on one middle point to solve the dynamics problem. The model was applied to seven experienced pole-vaulters. The force and the moment exerted on the pole by the pole-vaulter during the last stride before take off and during jump stage, were calculated. This analysis of the compressive force and bending moment for seven pole-vaulters helps to highlight the impact of the moment in the performance. The conclusion is confirmed by an additional comparative study carried out on two polevaulters, with comparable morphologies and performing with the same pole. r","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46368579,"asset_id":26025335,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32391900,"first_name":"Michel","last_name":"Mesnard","domain_name":"bordeaux","page_name":"MichelMesnard","display_name":"Michel Mesnard","profile_url":"https://bordeaux.academia.edu/MichelMesnard?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":22088,"name":"Energy Conversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Conversion?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=69542"},{"id":48904,"name":"Elasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elasticity?f_ri=69542"},{"id":50456,"name":"Sports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":88140,"name":"Human Body","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Body?f_ri=69542"},{"id":717129,"name":"Energy Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Transfer?f_ri=69542"},{"id":823884,"name":"Sports Equipment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_Equipment?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13033400" data-work_id="13033400" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13033400/Translational_Systems_Biology_of_Inflammation">Translational Systems Biology of Inflammation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Inflammation is a complex, multi-scale biologic response to stress that is also required for repair and regeneration after injury. Despite the repository of detailed data about the cellular and molecular processes involved in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13033400" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Inflammation is a complex, multi-scale biologic response to stress that is also required for repair and regeneration after injury. Despite the repository of detailed data about the cellular and molecular processes involved in inflammation, including some understanding of its ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13033400" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f987c2d8bccbeaf6868996dc9e0bf026" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45757841,"asset_id":13033400,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45757841/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32264818" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/GaryAn">Gary An</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32264818" type="text/json">{"id":32264818,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"An","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"GaryAn","display_name":"Gary An","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/GaryAn?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13033400 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13033400"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13033400, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13033400", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13033400 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13033400; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13033400"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13033400 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13033400"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13033400; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13033400]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13033400").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13033400").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13033400"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5400" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Biology">Systems Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5400" type="text/json">{"id":5400,"name":"Systems Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Biology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9111" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines">Cytokines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9111" type="text/json">{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9334" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation">Inflammation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9334" type="text/json">{"id":9334,"name":"Inflammation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19744" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/System_Biology">System Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19744" type="text/json">{"id":19744,"name":"System Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/System_Biology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13033400]'), work: {"id":13033400,"title":"Translational Systems Biology of Inflammation","created_at":"2015-06-16T17:06:53.797-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13033400/Translational_Systems_Biology_of_Inflammation?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_13033400","summary":"Inflammation is a complex, multi-scale biologic response to stress that is also required for repair and regeneration after injury. Despite the repository of detailed data about the cellular and molecular processes involved in inflammation, including some understanding of its ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45757841,"asset_id":13033400,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32264818,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"An","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"GaryAn","display_name":"Gary An","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/GaryAn?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5400,"name":"Systems Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Biology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":9334,"name":"Inflammation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":19744,"name":"System Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/System_Biology?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":24706,"name":"Innate immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_immunity?f_ri=69542"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":80414,"name":"Mathematical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Sciences?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25418611" data-work_id="25418611" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25418611/Chemical_Diode">Chemical Diode</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A chemical active medium on the base of Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) medium was used to design a "chemical diode". This system, similar to a semiconductor diode, shows unidirectional propagation of chemical pulses and may be possible to be... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25418611" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A chemical active medium on the base of Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) medium was used to design a "chemical diode". This system, similar to a semiconductor diode, shows unidirectional propagation of chemical pulses and may be possible to be used to construct a massively parallel computational medium. The system of two mesoporous glass plates with ferroin loaded at the surface was covered by BZ solution and maintained propagating excitation waves. The unidirectional propagation was observed when the plates were placed so that the corner of the one plate was close to the plane side of the other plate. The study shows that the important feature of the system is the geometrical arrangement of the plates and the gap distance between them. Computer simulations confirm the experimental results.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25418611" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="35f4502935535e8603f4520984a9e4b3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45735232,"asset_id":25418611,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45735232/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48893937" href="https://mipt.academia.edu/KonstantinAgladze">Konstantin Agladze</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48893937" type="text/json">{"id":48893937,"first_name":"Konstantin","last_name":"Agladze","domain_name":"mipt","page_name":"KonstantinAgladze","display_name":"Konstantin Agladze","profile_url":"https://mipt.academia.edu/KonstantinAgladze?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25418611 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25418611"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25418611, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25418611", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25418611 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25418611; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25418611"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25418611 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25418611"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25418611; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25418611]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25418611").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25418611").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25418611"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="532" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Chemistry">Physical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="532" type="text/json">{"id":532,"name":"Physical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Chemistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25418611]'), work: {"id":25418611,"title":"Chemical Diode","created_at":"2016-05-18T00:24:49.311-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25418611/Chemical_Diode?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_25418611","summary":"A chemical active medium on the base of Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) medium was used to design a \"chemical diode\". This system, similar to a semiconductor diode, shows unidirectional propagation of chemical pulses and may be possible to be used to construct a massively parallel computational medium. The system of two mesoporous glass plates with ferroin loaded at the surface was covered by BZ solution and maintained propagating excitation waves. The unidirectional propagation was observed when the plates were placed so that the corner of the one plate was close to the plane side of the other plate. The study shows that the important feature of the system is the geometrical arrangement of the plates and the gap distance between them. Computer simulations confirm the experimental results.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45735232,"asset_id":25418611,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48893937,"first_name":"Konstantin","last_name":"Agladze","domain_name":"mipt","page_name":"KonstantinAgladze","display_name":"Konstantin Agladze","profile_url":"https://mipt.academia.edu/KonstantinAgladze?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":532,"name":"Physical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Chemistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24711052" data-work_id="24711052" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24711052/Microstructural_simulation_of_phase_decomposition_in_Cu_Ni_alloys">Microstructural simulation of phase decomposition in Cu–Ni alloys</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The microstructure simulation of spinodal decomposition was carried out in the aged Cu-70 and 90 at.% Ni alloys, based on a solution of the non-linear Cahn-Hilliard partial differential equation by the finite difference method. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24711052" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The microstructure simulation of spinodal decomposition was carried out in the aged Cu-70 and 90 at.% Ni alloys, based on a solution of the non-linear Cahn-Hilliard partial differential equation by the finite difference method. The calculated concentration profiles were compared with the experimental ones determined by atom-probe field ion microscope analyses of the solution treated and aged Cu-70 at.% Ni alloy samples. Both the numerically simulated and experimental results showed a good agreement for the concentration profiles and microstructure evolution in the aged Cu-Ni alloys. A very slow growth kinetics of phase decomposition was observed to occur in this type of alloy. The morphology of decomposed phases consists of an irregular shape with no preferential alignment in any crystallographic direction. The wavelength of composition modulation was determined numerically to be about 2 nm and it remained constant after aging at 573 K for times as long as 8889 h. No phase decomposition was observed to occur for the numerical simulation of aging at temperatures lower than 523 K for a time as long as 1 year.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24711052" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e25a841fc8ef17c8b68b2c6719389480" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45043573,"asset_id":24711052,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45043573/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47636310" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ErikaAvilaDavila">Erika Avila-Davila</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47636310" type="text/json">{"id":47636310,"first_name":"Erika","last_name":"Avila-Davila","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ErikaAvilaDavila","display_name":"Erika Avila-Davila","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ErikaAvilaDavila?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24711052 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24711052"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24711052, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24711052", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24711052 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24711052; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24711052"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24711052 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24711052"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24711052; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24711052]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24711052").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24711052").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24711052"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering">Materials Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56" type="text/json">{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="505" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condensed_Matter_Physics">Condensed Matter Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="505" type="text/json">{"id":505,"name":"Condensed Matter Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condensed_Matter_Physics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35865" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Kinetics">Growth Kinetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35865" type="text/json">{"id":35865,"name":"Growth Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Kinetics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60658" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Simulation">Numerical Simulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="60658" type="text/json">{"id":60658,"name":"Numerical Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24711052]'), work: {"id":24711052,"title":"Microstructural simulation of phase decomposition in Cu–Ni alloys","created_at":"2016-04-24T09:11:39.473-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24711052/Microstructural_simulation_of_phase_decomposition_in_Cu_Ni_alloys?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_24711052","summary":"The microstructure simulation of spinodal decomposition was carried out in the aged Cu-70 and 90 at.% Ni alloys, based on a solution of the non-linear Cahn-Hilliard partial differential equation by the finite difference method. The calculated concentration profiles were compared with the experimental ones determined by atom-probe field ion microscope analyses of the solution treated and aged Cu-70 at.% Ni alloy samples. Both the numerically simulated and experimental results showed a good agreement for the concentration profiles and microstructure evolution in the aged Cu-Ni alloys. A very slow growth kinetics of phase decomposition was observed to occur in this type of alloy. The morphology of decomposed phases consists of an irregular shape with no preferential alignment in any crystallographic direction. The wavelength of composition modulation was determined numerically to be about 2 nm and it remained constant after aging at 573 K for times as long as 8889 h. No phase decomposition was observed to occur for the numerical simulation of aging at temperatures lower than 523 K for a time as long as 1 year.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45043573,"asset_id":24711052,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47636310,"first_name":"Erika","last_name":"Avila-Davila","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ErikaAvilaDavila","display_name":"Erika Avila-Davila","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ErikaAvilaDavila?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":505,"name":"Condensed Matter Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Condensed_Matter_Physics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":35865,"name":"Growth Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Kinetics?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":60658,"name":"Numerical Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":194130,"name":"PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PARTIAL_DIFFERENTIAL_EQUATION?f_ri=69542"},{"id":415783,"name":"Spinodal Decomposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinodal_Decomposition?f_ri=69542"},{"id":473797,"name":"Microstructures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microstructures?f_ri=69542"},{"id":497302,"name":"Finite Difference Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Difference_Method?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1020282,"name":"Alloys","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alloys?f_ri=69542"},{"id":2301993,"name":"Microstructure evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microstructure_evolution?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24685819" data-work_id="24685819" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24685819/Molecular_modeling_of_the_%CE%B19%CE%B110_nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor_subtype">Molecular modeling of the α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Molecular dynamics a b s t r a c t This study reports the comparative molecular modeling, docking and dynamic simulations of human a9a10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors complexed with acetylcholine, nicotine and a-conotoxin RgIA, using... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24685819" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Molecular dynamics a b s t r a c t This study reports the comparative molecular modeling, docking and dynamic simulations of human a9a10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors complexed with acetylcholine, nicotine and a-conotoxin RgIA, using as templates the crystal structures of Aplysia californica and Lymnaea stagnalis acetylcholine binding proteins. The molecular dynamics simulations showed that Arg112 in the complementary a10(À) subunit, is a determinant for recognition in the site that binds small ligands. However, Glu195 in the principal a9(+), and Asp114 in the complementary a10(À) subunit, might confer the potency and selectivity to a-conotoxin RgIA when interacting with Arg7 and Arg9 of this ligand.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24685819" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b4e38025e1faa107d6ed7b8bf658418" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45015289,"asset_id":24685819,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45015289/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47504383" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BruceCassels">Bruce Cassels</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47504383" type="text/json">{"id":47504383,"first_name":"Bruce","last_name":"Cassels","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BruceCassels","display_name":"Bruce Cassels","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BruceCassels?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47504383/66791201/55148599/s65_bruce.cassels.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24685819 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24685819"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24685819, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24685819", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24685819 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24685819; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24685819"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24685819 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24685819"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24685819; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24685819]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24685819").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24685819").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24685819"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="531" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry">Organic Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="531" type="text/json">{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32927" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_modeling">Molecular modeling</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32927" type="text/json">{"id":32927,"name":"Molecular modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_modeling?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50630" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystal_structure">Crystal structure</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50630" type="text/json">{"id":50630,"name":"Crystal structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystal_structure?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24685819]'), work: {"id":24685819,"title":"Molecular modeling of the α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype","created_at":"2016-04-23T06:32:44.374-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24685819/Molecular_modeling_of_the_%CE%B19%CE%B110_nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor_subtype?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_24685819","summary":"Molecular dynamics a b s t r a c t This study reports the comparative molecular modeling, docking and dynamic simulations of human a9a10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors complexed with acetylcholine, nicotine and a-conotoxin RgIA, using as templates the crystal structures of Aplysia californica and Lymnaea stagnalis acetylcholine binding proteins. The molecular dynamics simulations showed that Arg112 in the complementary a10(À) subunit, is a determinant for recognition in the site that binds small ligands. However, Glu195 in the principal a9(+), and Asp114 in the complementary a10(À) subunit, might confer the potency and selectivity to a-conotoxin RgIA when interacting with Arg7 and Arg9 of this ligand.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45015289,"asset_id":24685819,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47504383,"first_name":"Bruce","last_name":"Cassels","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BruceCassels","display_name":"Bruce Cassels","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BruceCassels?f_ri=69542","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47504383/66791201/55148599/s65_bruce.cassels.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":32927,"name":"Molecular modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_modeling?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":50630,"name":"Crystal structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crystal_structure?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":86025,"name":"Dynamic Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamic_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":91360,"name":"Nicotine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nicotine?f_ri=69542"},{"id":125691,"name":"Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nicotinic_Acetylcholine_Receptors?f_ri=69542"},{"id":159958,"name":"Acetylcholine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acetylcholine?f_ri=69542"},{"id":295928,"name":"Amino Acids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acids?f_ri=69542"},{"id":562173,"name":"Lymnaea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymnaea?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1010725,"name":"Protein Binding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Binding?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1242504,"name":"Molecular Dynamic Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Dynamic_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1826512,"name":"Aplysia californica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aplysia_californica?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14022196 coauthored" data-work_id="14022196" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14022196/Molecular_modeling_of_ligand_receptor_interactions_in_GABAC_receptor">Molecular modeling of ligand–receptor interactions in GABAC receptor</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14022196" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="03d223d6faebfca4106b4632513641d0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44697718,"asset_id":14022196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44697718/download_file?st=MTczOTc5Njc5Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33053103" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DOsolodkin">Dmitry Osolodkin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33053103" type="text/json">{"id":33053103,"first_name":"Dmitry","last_name":"Osolodkin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DOsolodkin","display_name":"Dmitry Osolodkin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DOsolodkin?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14022196">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14022196"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/VladimirPalyulin">Vladimir Palyulin</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14022196'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14022196').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14022196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14022196"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14022196, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14022196", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14022196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14022196; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14022196"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14022196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14022196"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14022196; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14022196]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14022196").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14022196").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14022196"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32927" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_modeling">Molecular modeling</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32927" type="text/json">{"id":32927,"name":"Molecular modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_modeling?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46256" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homology_Modeling">Homology Modeling</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46256" type="text/json">{"id":46256,"name":"Homology Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homology_Modeling?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50157" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular">Molecular</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50157" type="text/json">{"id":50157,"name":"Molecular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61233" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutamate">Glutamate</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61233" type="text/json">{"id":61233,"name":"Glutamate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutamate?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14022196]'), work: {"id":14022196,"title":"Molecular modeling of ligand–receptor interactions in GABAC receptor","created_at":"2015-07-14T02:09:20.237-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14022196/Molecular_modeling_of_ligand_receptor_interactions_in_GABAC_receptor?f_ri=69542","dom_id":"work_14022196","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44697718,"asset_id":14022196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33053103,"first_name":"Dmitry","last_name":"Osolodkin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DOsolodkin","display_name":"Dmitry Osolodkin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DOsolodkin?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":43037043,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Palyulin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VladimirPalyulin","display_name":"Vladimir Palyulin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VladimirPalyulin?f_ri=69542","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":32927,"name":"Molecular modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_modeling?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":46256,"name":"Homology Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homology_Modeling?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":50157,"name":"Molecular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":61233,"name":"Glutamate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutamate?f_ri=69542","nofollow":true},{"id":64561,"name":"Computer Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Software?f_ri=69542"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":89803,"name":"GABA receptors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GABA_receptors?f_ri=69542"},{"id":490260,"name":"Pyridines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyridines?f_ri=69542"},{"id":555120,"name":"Arginine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arginine?f_ri=69542"},{"id":645605,"name":"THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/THEORETICAL_AND_COMPUTATIONAL_CHEMISTRY?f_ri=69542"},{"id":653665,"name":"Protein Conformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Conformation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1222191,"name":"Ligands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ligands?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1242504,"name":"Molecular Dynamic Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Dynamic_Simulation?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1242506,"name":"Binding Site","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Binding_Site?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1292998,"name":"Glutamic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutamic_Acid?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1451660,"name":"Static Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Static_Electricity?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1619808,"name":"Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gamma-Aminobutyric_Acid?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1663739,"name":"Tyrosine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tyrosine?f_ri=69542"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=69542"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?after=50%2C14022196" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Hermitian_Quantum_Mechanics">Non-Hermitian Quantum Mechanics</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="1393524">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="1393524">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_Equilibrium_Quantum_Dynamics">Non Equilibrium Quantum Dynamics</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="771604">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="771604">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Power_Distribution">Electrical Power Distribution</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="931782">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="931782">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins">Proteins</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="181569">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="181569">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Physics">History of Physics</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="12553">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="12553">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES">CHEMICAL SCIENCES</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="260118">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="260118">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_sciences">Physical sciences</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="118582">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="118582">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectra">Spectra</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="513703">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="513703">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_Ray">X Ray</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="637586">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="637586">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Medicine">Occupational Medicine</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="22877">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="22877">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "6d91ce89dddbe05b9cb16ea15227dfefca32586210f06604ec7a400ea0e44634", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="bUTZBoBlsBlZkAjtSe1fbkLxviy9BFV7DgiKo2xrNXKbSgcmQjDyiMuttRv3hXalizREgSlHhcQqAeJcCzjx0w" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="4ziq6GP2ageBhtaC8ZGkrvRth3D2cw5CwpxVtWDKFYkVNnTIoaMolhO7a3RP-Y1lPah93WIw3v3mlT1KB5nRKA" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>