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c-field--name-field-image c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"> <a href="/news/photo-feature-last-light-at-south-pole-brings-6-months-of-darkness" hreflang="en"><img title="MARCH 20, 2025: The setting sun at NOAA's South Pole Atmospheric Baseline Observatory.聽 Dark Sector telescopes and a final glimpse of sunlight are framed by a wave of snow, setting聽off six months of darkness at the South Pole. (Image credit: Ian Crocker/NOAA)" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_width_650/public/2025-04/20250325SastrugiSunset.jpeg?h=4233ef75&itok=aEZsEM2D" width="650" height="365" alt="MARCH 20, 2025: The setting sun at NOAA's South Pole Atmospheric Baseline Observatory.聽 Dark Sector telescopes and a final glimpse of sunlight are framed by a wave of snow, setting聽off six months of darkness at the South Pole." loading="lazy" /> </a> </div></div></div> <div class="c-field c-field--name-title c-field--type-string c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"><div><a href="/news/photo-feature-last-light-at-south-pole-brings-6-months-of-darkness" hreflang="en">Photo feature: Last light at South Pole brings 6 months of darkness</a></div></div></div></div> </article> </div></div></div> </div> </section> <section class="l-section paragraph paragraph--type-labeled-and-overridable-node-ref paragraph--display-mode-default hide-focus-area-text" data-observe-resizes > <div class="l-section__content"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-referenced-node c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"> <article class="node node--type-news node--promoted node--display-mode-focus-area-landscape-image-content-link c-article"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-node-focus-area c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__items"><div class="c-field__item"><a href="/research">Research</a> </div><div class="c-field__item"><a href="/weather">Weather</a> </div></div></div></div> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-image c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"> <a href="/news/seeing-is-believing-noaa-brings-storm-surge-to-virtual-reality-ext" hreflang="en"><img title="People at a public sporting event try out the Weather the Storm virtual reality storm surge simulator. (Image credit: Joshua Alland/NOAA)" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_width_650/public/2025-03/VR.jpg?h=301f1779&itok=Vqaa7w_U" width="650" height="365" alt="People at a public sporting event try out the Weather the Storm virtual reality storm surge simulator." loading="lazy" /> </a> </div></div></div> <div class="c-field c-field--name-title c-field--type-string c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"><div><a href="/news/seeing-is-believing-noaa-brings-storm-surge-to-virtual-reality-ext" hreflang="en">Seeing is believing: NOAA brings storm surge to virtual reality</a></div></div></div></div> </article> </div></div></div> </div> </section> <section class="l-section paragraph paragraph--type-labeled-and-overridable-node-ref paragraph--display-mode-default hide-focus-area-text" data-observe-resizes > <div class="l-section__content"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-referenced-node c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"> <article class="node node--type-news node--promoted node--display-mode-focus-area-landscape-image-content-link c-article"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-node-focus-area c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__items"><div class="c-field__item"><a href="/research">Research</a> </div></div></div></div> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-image c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"> <a href="/news/in-la-cooking-emissions-rival-fossil-fuels-as-ozone-pollution-source-ext" hreflang="en"><img title="Adobe Stock (Image credit: Adobe Stock)" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_width_650/public/2025-03/Cooking.jpeg?h=8b9f5b94&itok=FEQhxGVy" width="650" height="365" alt="Adobe Stock" loading="lazy" /> </a> </div></div></div> <div class="c-field c-field--name-title c-field--type-string c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"><div><a href="/news/in-la-cooking-emissions-rival-fossil-fuels-as-ozone-pollution-source-ext" hreflang="en">In LA, cooking emissions rival fossil fuels as ozone pollution source</a></div></div></div></div> </article> </div></div></div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div><div class="c-field__item"> <section class="l-section paragraph paragraph-float-enabled paragraph--type-about paragraph--display-mode-default paragraph--width-full-indent-left-right top-margin-60px top-padding-30px bottom-padding-30px bottom-margin-60px" data-observe-resizes > <div class="l-section__content"> <div id="paragraph-id-5483"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--33-67 float-side-left"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="content-float-wrapper image-crop-width-default-650"> <img alt="Icon feature a beaker and graph to represent research" title=" Icon feature a beaker and graph to represent research" src="/sites/default/files/styles/default_width_650/public/legacy/image/2019/Jun/research6.jpg?h=ae8c5092&itok=RY7CCP1p" width="650" height="643" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="about-title">About NOAA Research</div> <div class="about-text"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-body-formatted-long c-field--type-text-long c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p>NOAA’s Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) or "NOAA Research" provides the research foundation for understanding the complex systems that support our planet. Working in partnership with other parts of NOAA, OAR enables better forecasts, earlier warnings for natural disasters, and a greater understanding of the Earth. Our role is to provide unbiased science to better manage the environment, nationally, and globally.</p> </body></html> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="about-links"> <div class="about-link"><a href="http://research.noaa.gov/">Go to the Oceanic and Atmospheric Research site</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div><div class="c-field__item"> <section class="l-section paragraph paragraph--type-quick-facts paragraph--display-mode-variant-1 paragraph--type-quick-facts--display-mode-variant-1 paragraph--width-full-indent-left-right top-border top-border-color-gray-1 top-border-width-100 bottom-border bottom-border-color-gray-1 bottom-border-width-100 top-margin-60px top-padding-40px bottom-padding-60px bottom-margin-60px" data-observe-resizes > <div class="l-section__content"> <div class="facts-wrapper"> <section class="l-section paragraph paragraph--type-quick-fact-item paragraph--display-mode-default" data-observe-resizes > <div class="l-section__content"> <div id="paragraph-id-5476"> <div class="big-fact"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-title c-field--type-string c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item">421 parts per million</div></div></div> </div> <div class="fact-description"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-body-formatted-long c-field--type-text-long c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p>The global average atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration set another record high when it peaked in May 2022 at 421 parts per million. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, CO2 levels were consistently around 280 ppm for almost 6,000 years of human civilization. Carbon dioxide levels today are now comparable to four million years ago, when temperatures averaged seven degrees Fahrenheit hotter and sea levels were significantly higher.</p> </body></html> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-section paragraph paragraph--type-quick-fact-item paragraph--display-mode-default" data-observe-resizes > <div class="l-section__content"> <div id="paragraph-id-5479"> <div class="big-fact"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-title c-field--type-string c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item">2 million</div></div></div> </div> <div class="fact-description"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-body-formatted-long c-field--type-text-long c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p>The number of square kilometers mapped by the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer — an area more than one quarter the size of the contiguous United States. The Okeanos Explorer is the first and only U.S. federal vessel dedicated to ocean exploration. Despite the essential role that the ocean plays in supporting our well being, 95 percent remains unexplored.</p> </body></html> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-section paragraph paragraph--type-quick-fact-item paragraph--display-mode-default" data-observe-resizes > <div class="l-section__content"> <div id="paragraph-id-5478"> <div class="big-fact"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-title c-field--type-string c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item">$520 million</div></div></div> </div> <div class="fact-description"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-body-formatted-long c-field--type-text-long c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p>In 2020, a federal investment in Sea Grant of $87 million resulted in $519.5 million in economic benefit. The Sea Grant network includes 34 programs at top universities in every U.S. coastal and Great Lakes state and territory. NOAA Sea Grant works to create and maintain healthy and resilient coastal communities, ecosystems and economies through university-based research and constituent engagement.</p> </body></html> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-section paragraph paragraph--type-quick-fact-item paragraph--display-mode-default" data-observe-resizes > <div class="l-section__content"> <div id="paragraph-id-5481"> <div class="big-fact"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-title c-field--type-string c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item">1,638</div></div></div> </div> <div class="fact-description"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-body-formatted-long c-field--type-text-long c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p>The number of flights completed in 2021 by NOAA uncrewed aircraft systems. These drones gather scientific data on hurricanes, fish and mammal populations, flooding damage and much more. They are uniquely able to go places humans can’t and can collect high-quality data in ways that are easier and less expensive.</p> </body></html> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-section paragraph paragraph--type-quick-fact-item paragraph--display-mode-default" data-observe-resizes > <div class="l-section__content"> <div id="paragraph-id-5480"> <div class="big-fact"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-title c-field--type-string c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item">2.5 million</div></div></div> </div> <div class="fact-description"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-body-formatted-long c-field--type-text-long c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p>The approximate number of ocean measurement gathered by Argo floats by year end 2018. In 1999, NOAA and partner organizations established the Argo Program, a global network of autonomous floats that gather data on ocean temperature and salt content. The ~4,000-float Argo Program has revolutionized scientists’ ability to track how the ocean is changing.</p> </body></html> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-section paragraph paragraph--type-quick-fact-item paragraph--display-mode-default" data-observe-resizes > <div class="l-section__content"> <div id="paragraph-id-5475"> <div class="big-fact"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-title c-field--type-string c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item">20 </div></div></div> </div> <div class="fact-description"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-body-formatted-long c-field--type-text-long c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p>The number of NOAA Cooperative Institutes (CIs). Partnerships CIs, which are located at degree-granting institutions, play a vital role in increasing NOAA’s research capacity and expertise. CIs support NOAA's mission and educate the next generation of the nation’s scientific workforce to prepare NOAA for the future.</p> </body></html> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-section paragraph paragraph--type-quick-fact-item paragraph--display-mode-default" data-observe-resizes > <div class="l-section__content"> <div id="paragraph-id-5477"> <div class="big-fact"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-title c-field--type-string c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item">26</div></div></div> </div> <div class="fact-description"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-body-formatted-long c-field--type-text-long c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p> </p> <p>The number of countries that publicly display NOAA's scientific visualizations on Science On a Sphere (SOS). NOAA developed SOS as an educational tool to help illustrate Earth system science to people of all ages. Download the free mobile app version of SOS to start learning today: <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://sos.noaa.gov/sos-explorer/&source=gmail&ust=1655986188724000&usg=AOvVaw360N8e4dChECN_vdPiIaHg" href="https://sos.noaa.gov/sos-explorer/" target="_blank">https://sos.noaa.gov/sos-<wbr>explorer/</wbr></a></p> </body></html> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="buttons"> <div class="next-fact"> <a class="arrows-cw slick-arrow" tabindex="0"> <span>Show me another fact</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div></div></div></div> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-featured-node c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"><article class="must-see " role="article" data-observe-resizes > <a href="/stories/explore-key-climate-data-and-graphics-with-climategov-ext"> <div class="must-see-wrapper"> <div class="must-see-left"> <div class="must-see-title">Must See</div> <div class="node-title right-angle-after">Explore key climate data and graphics with Climate.gov</div> </div> <div class="must-see-right" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_width_650/public/2021-11/climate%20graphic.JPG?h=a588ee4d')"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-image c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_width_650/public/2021-11/climate%20graphic.JPG?h=a588ee4d&itok=YWPTp07o" width="650" height="365" alt="climate graphic" title="climate graphic" /> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </a> </article> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </article> <div class="views-element-container c-block c-block--provider-views c-block--id-views-blockfocus-area-carousel-carousel" id="block-views-block-focus-area-carousel-carousel"> <h2 tabindex="0" class="c-block__title">Focus Areas //</h2> <div class="c-block__content"> <div class="c-view c-view--focus-area-carousel c-view--display-carousel view js-view-dom-id-d2f3d74ec3a36fca510f3e9f2326facf946b2fd5d33fc20d208e4253dae0e622"> <div class="c-view__header"><button class="prev-button"> <span class='visually-hidden'>Previous Slider Item</span> </button></div> <div class="c-view__content"> <div class="c-view__row"><article class="image-link image-link-icon" role="article" data-observe-resizes> <header> <a href="/education" hreflang="en">Education</a> </header> <div class="image"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-image c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_width_325/public/2021-06/NOAA-kids-day-2019-van-de-graaff-hero-image.png?h=98f9285c&itok=Cqt8g_Vq" width="325" height="325" alt="Young children gather around a Van de Graaff machine, a metal structure with a large metal sphere on top, with a metal spherical wand attached. The children watch the machine with faces of awe as they see electricity passing between the machine and the wand." title="Young children gather around a Van de Graaff machine, a metal structure with a large metal sphere on top, with a metal spherical wand attached. The children watch the machine with faces of awe as they see electricity passing between the machine and the wand." /> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="image-icon"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-icon c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_width_160/public/2021-02/education_icon_0.png?h=6a9e038a&itok=21oh-GDA" width="160" height="160" alt="Education focus area icon" title="Education focus area icon" /> </div></div></div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="c-view__row"><article class="image-link image-link-icon" role="article" data-observe-resizes> <header> <a href="/sanctuaries" hreflang="en">Sanctuaries</a> </header> <div class="image"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-image c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_width_325/public/2021-02/Focus_Area_sanctuaries.jpg?h=da5e7dba&itok=KcFN33VE" width="325" height="325" alt="sea turtle" title="sea turtle" /> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="image-icon"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-icon c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_width_160/public/2021-02/sanctuaries_icon.png?h=2db8f1e9&itok=ilZml8UX" width="160" height="160" alt="Sanctuaries focus area icon" title="Sanctuaries focus area icon" /> </div></div></div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="c-view__row"><article class="image-link image-link-icon" role="article" data-observe-resizes> <header> <a href="/charting" hreflang="en">Charting</a> </header> <div class="image"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-image c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_width_325/public/2021-05/PHOTO-Charting%20Focus%20Area%20Hero.jpg?h=92068178&itok=KtCRWXSs" width="325" height="325" alt="This graphic shows an electronic navigation chart imposed over a picture of a boat on the water" title="This graphic shows an electronic navigation chart imposed over a picture of a boat on the water" /> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="image-icon"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-icon c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_width_160/public/2021-02/charting_icon.png?h=2db8f1e9&itok=L6B_nda7" width="160" height="160" alt="Charting focus area icon" title="Charting focus area icon" /> </div></div></div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="c-view__row"><article class="image-link image-link-icon" role="article" data-observe-resizes> <header> <a href="/marine-aviation" hreflang="en">Marine & Aviation</a> </header> <div class="image"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-image c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_width_325/public/2021-02/Focus_Area_marine2.jpg?h=da5e7dba&itok=bgW9j_9b" width="325" height="325" alt="research airplane" title="research airplane" /> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="image-icon"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-icon c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_width_160/public/2021-02/marine_icon.png?h=2db8f1e9&itok=G205Ezix" width="160" height="160" alt="Marine and Aviation focus area icon" title="Marine and Aviation focus area icon" /> </div></div></div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="c-view__row"><article class="image-link image-link-icon" role="article" data-observe-resizes> <header> <a href="/satellites" hreflang="en">Satellites</a> </header> <div class="image"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-image c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_width_325/public/2021-02/Focus_Area_satellite.jpg?h=da5e7dba&itok=u2NHXSV1" width="325" height="325" alt="Satellite" title="Satellite" /> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="image-icon"> <div class="c-field c-field--name-field-icon c-field--type-entity-reference c-field--label-hidden"> <div class="c-field__content"><div class="c-field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_width_160/public/2021-02/satellites_icon.png?h=2db8f1e9&itok=hDJ_T3pt" width="160" height="160" alt="Satellites focus area icon" title="Satellites focus area icon" /> </div></div></div> </div> </article> </div> 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