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<div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekosystemets_beståndsdelar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekosystemets_beståndsdelar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ekosystemets beståndsdelar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekosystemets_beståndsdelar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Ekosystemets beståndsdelar</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekosystemets_beståndsdelar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biotiska_beståndsdelar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biotiska_beståndsdelar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Biotiska beståndsdelar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biotiska_beståndsdelar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Producenter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Producenter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Producenter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Producenter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsumenter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsumenter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Konsumenter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsumenter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nedbrytare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nedbrytare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Nedbrytare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nedbrytare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abiotiska_beståndsdelar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abiotiska_beståndsdelar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Abiotiska beståndsdelar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abiotiska_beståndsdelar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Olika_ekosystem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olika_ekosystem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Olika ekosystem</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Olika_ekosystem-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Olika ekosystem</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Olika_ekosystem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tropisk_regnskog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tropisk_regnskog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Tropisk regnskog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tropisk_regnskog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Savann,_stäpp_och_öken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Savann,_stäpp_och_öken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Savann, stäpp och öken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Savann,_stäpp_och_öken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tryckta_källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tryckta_källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Tryckta källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tryckta_källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ekosystem</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 113 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-113" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">113 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekostelsel" title="Ekostelsel – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ekostelsel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96kosystem" title="Ökosystem – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ökosystem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="نظام بيئي – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام بيئي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosistema" title="Ecosistema – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ecosistema" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0" title="পৰিস্থিতিতন্ত্ৰ – assamesiska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰিস্থিতিতন্ত্ৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosistema" title="Ecosistema – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ecosistema" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ekosistem" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89kosistem" title="Ékosistem – balinesiska" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ékosistem" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="বাস্তুতন্ত্র – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাস্তুতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng-th%C3%A0i-h%C4%93" title="Seng-thài-hē – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Seng-thài-hē" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Экасістэма – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Экасістэма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Экасыстэма – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Экасыстэма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE" title="इकोसिस्टम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इकोसिस्टम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Екосистема – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Екосистема" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ekosistem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekoreizhiad" title="Ekoreizhiad – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ekoreizhiad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosistema" title="Ecosistema – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ecosistema" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Экотытăм – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Экотытăм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosyst%C3%A9m" title="Ekosystém – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ekosystém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ecosystem" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98kosystem" title="Økosystem – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Økosystem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96kosystem" title="Ökosystem – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ökosystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96kos%C3%BCsteem" title="Ökosüsteem – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ökosüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Οικοσύστημα – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οικοσύστημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ecosystem" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosistema" title="Ecosistema – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ecosistema" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistemo" title="Ekosistemo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ekosistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekosistema" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85" title="اکوسیستم – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکوسیستم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cosyst%C3%A8me" title="Écosystème – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Écosystème" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosysteem" title="Ekosysteem – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ekosysteem" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89iceach%C3%B3ras" title="Éiceachóras – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Éiceachóras" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosistema" title="Ecosistema – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ecosistema" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="નિવસન તંત્ર – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નિવસન તંત્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B3%84" title="생태계 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생태계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Էկոհամակարգ – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էկոհամակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="पारितंत्र – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पारितंत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosustav" title="Ekosustav – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ekosustav" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistemo" title="Ekosistemo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ekosistemo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ekosistem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vistkerfi" title="Vistkerfi – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vistkerfi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosistema" title="Ecosistema – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ecosistema" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מערכת אקולוגית – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכת אקולוגית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89kosistem" title="Ékosistem – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ékosistem" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%86" title="ಪರಿಸರ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪರಿಸರ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ეკოსისტემა – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეკოსისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5" title="Экологиялық жүйе – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Экологиялық жүйе" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosist%C3%A8m" title="Ekosistèm – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ekosistèm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89kosyst%C3%A8m" title="Ékosystèm – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ékosystèm" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Экосистема – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Экосистема" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oecosystema" title="Oecosystema – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oecosystema" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosist%C4%93ma" title="Ekosistēma – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ekosistēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosystem" title="Ekosystem – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ekosystem" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ekosistema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecost%C3%A8lsel" title="Ecostèlsel – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ecostèlsel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96kosziszt%C3%A9ma" title="Ökoszisztéma – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ökoszisztéma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Екосистем – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Екосистем" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafi-tontolo_iainana" title="Rafi-tontolo iainana – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rafi-tontolo iainana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5" title="ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ეკოსისტემა – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ეკოსისტემა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ekosistem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Экосистем – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Экосистем" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9F%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ဂေဟစနစ် – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂေဟစနစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosysteem" title="Ecosysteem – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ecosysteem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="पारिस्थितिक प्रणाली – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पारिस्थितिक प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB" title="生態系 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="生態系" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98kosystem" title="Økosystem – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Økosystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98kosystem" title="Økosystem – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Økosystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosist%C3%A8ma" title="Ecosistèma – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ecosistèma" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirnakkoo" title="Sirnakkoo – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sirnakkoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekotizim" title="Ekotizim – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ekotizim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9F%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ဂေဟစနိစ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဂေဟစနိစ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ekosistema" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85" title="ایکوسیستم – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ایکوسیستم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikosistim" title="Ikosistim – jamaikansk engelsk kreol" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ikosistim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaikansk engelsk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92" title="និវេសនប្រព័ន្ធ – kambodjanska" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="និវេសនប្រព័ន្ធ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kambodjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco-sistema" title="Eco-sistema – piemontesiska" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Eco-sistema" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96kosystem" title="Ökosystem – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ökosystem" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosystem" title="Ekosystem – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ekosystem" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecossistema" title="Ecossistema – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ecossistema" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema – karakalpakiska" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ekosistema" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosistem" title="Ecosistem – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ecosistem" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacha_llika" title="Pacha llika – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pacha llika" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Экосистема – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экосистема" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Экосистема – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Экосистема" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="पर्यावरणव्यवस्था – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पर्यावरणव्यवस्था" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecoseestem" title="Ecoseestem – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ecoseestem" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96kosystem" title="Ökosystem – saterfrisiska" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ökosystem" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistemi" title="Ekosistemi – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ekosistemi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92" title="පරිසර පද්ධති – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පරිසර පද්ධති" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ecosystem" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%BD%D9%85" title="ايڪو سسٽم – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ايڪو سسٽم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosyst%C3%A9m" title="Ekosystém – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ekosystém" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ekosistem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Екосистем – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Екосистем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ekosistem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89kosistem" title="Ékosistem – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ékosistem" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosysteemi" title="Ekosysteemi – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ekosysteemi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ekosistema" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சூழல் மண்டலம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சூழல் மண்டலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Экосистема – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Экосистема" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5" title="పర్యావరణ వ్యవస్థ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పర్యావరణ వ్యవస్థ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A8" title="ระบบนิเวศ – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบนิเวศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Экосистема – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Экосистема" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ekosistem" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Екосистема – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Екосистема" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_sinh_th%C3%A1i" title="Hệ sinh thái – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ sinh thái" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekostelsl" title="Ekostelsl – västflamländska" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ekostelsl" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="västflamländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ekosistema" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="生态系统 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生态系统" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="生態系統 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生態系統" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ekosistem" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="生态系统 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生态系统" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><div class="noexcerpt noprint hanvisning_bas hatnote"> <dl><dd><i>För den digitala varianten, se <a href="/wiki/Digitalt_ekosystem" title="Digitalt ekosystem">digitalt ekosystem</a>.  </i></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Red_sea_coral_reef.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Red_sea_coral_reef.jpg/250px-Red_sea_coral_reef.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Red_sea_coral_reef.jpg/375px-Red_sea_coral_reef.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Red_sea_coral_reef.jpg/500px-Red_sea_coral_reef.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>Ett korallrev kan ses som ett ekosystem.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ett <b>ekosystem</b> är ett avgränsat område i naturen som vi valt att betrakta som ett system, det vill säga en helhet, för att lättare kunna studera det. Ett ekosystem kan vara stort eller litet beroende på vad man väljer att studera, till exempel ekosystemet i <a href="/wiki/Hav" title="Hav">havet</a> eller i en liten <a href="/wiki/Damm_(vattenansamling)" title="Damm (vattenansamling)">damm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nordling43_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nordling43-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Definition" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Definition"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Termen skapades 1936 av <a href="/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik">botanisten</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">ekologen</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Tansley" title="Arthur Tansley">Arthur Tansley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alla levande varelser och den livsmiljö som finns inom ett visst område bildar tillsammans ett ekologiskt system. Ett exempel på området är en blomkruka eller en insjö. Här samverkar djur och växter. De påverkar varandras livsmiljöer och betingelser, vilket kan beskrivas i <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4ringsv%C3%A4v" title="Näringsväv">näringsvävar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nat_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nat-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hela <a href="/wiki/Biosf%C3%A4ren" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosfären">biosfären</a> går att betrakta som ett ekosystem likaväl som en <a href="/wiki/Skog" title="Skog">skog</a> eller en liten <a href="/wiki/Damm_(vattenansamling)" title="Damm (vattenansamling)">damm</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekosystemets_beståndsdelar"><span id="Ekosystemets_best.C3.A5ndsdelar"></span>Ekosystemets beståndsdelar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ekosystemets beståndsdelar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ekosystemets beståndsdelar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekosystem består dels av en levande del (<a href="/wiki/Biotiska_faktorer" title="Biotiska faktorer">biotiska</a>) dels det icke levande (<a href="/wiki/Abiotiska_faktorer" title="Abiotiska faktorer">abiotiska</a>) som finns inom det avgränsade området. Ekosystemets levande delar är uppbyggda i tre nivåer, ett <a href="/wiki/Organismsamh%C3%A4lle" title="Organismsamhälle">samhälle</a> vari det finns flera <a href="/wiki/Populationer" class="mw-redirect" title="Populationer">populationer</a> av olika sorters växt- och djurarter där varje art är en <a href="/wiki/Individ_(biologi)" title="Individ (biologi)">individ</a> som gör så att ekosystemet fungerar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biotiska_beståndsdelar"><span id="Biotiska_best.C3.A5ndsdelar"></span>Biotiska beståndsdelar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biotiska beståndsdelar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biotiska beståndsdelar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Producenter">Producenter</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Producenter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Producenter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nymphaea-colorata_0117a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Nymphaea-colorata_0117a.jpg/250px-Nymphaea-colorata_0117a.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Nymphaea-colorata_0117a.jpg/375px-Nymphaea-colorata_0117a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Nymphaea-colorata_0117a.jpg/500px-Nymphaea-colorata_0117a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>En <a href="/wiki/Dv%C3%A4rglotus" title="Dvärglotus">dvärglotus</a>, en producent inom vissa ekosystem.</figcaption></figure> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Producent_(ekologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Producent (ekologi)">Producent (ekologi)</a></dd></dl></div> <p>De gröna växterna har en nyckelroll i ekosystemet. De binder <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energin</a> från solen genom <a href="/wiki/Fotosyntes" title="Fotosyntes">fotosyntesen</a>. Fotosyntesen omvandlar solenergin (<a href="/wiki/Ljusenergi" title="Ljusenergi">ljusenergi</a>) till <a href="/wiki/Kemisk_energi" title="Kemisk energi">kemisk energi</a> (till exempel <a href="/wiki/Socker" title="Socker">socker</a>) som djur och <a href="/wiki/Svampar" title="Svampar">svampar</a> sedan kan ta del av. Energin kan flöda genom hela den levande, biotiska delen, av ekosystemet. Växterna kan även använda sig av den icke levande, abiotiska delen, av ekosystemet genom att ta upp <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4rings%C3%A4mnen" class="mw-redirect" title="Näringsämnen">näringsämnen</a> ur marken. Med hjälp av dessa näringsämnen och den bundna solenergin, ombildad till <a href="/wiki/Socker" title="Socker">socker</a>, bygger växterna upp ämnen som <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> och <a href="/wiki/Fett" title="Fett">fett</a>. Växterna som utför <a href="/wiki/Fotosyntes" title="Fotosyntes">fotosyntes</a> benämns därför som producenter i ekosystemet.<sup id="cite_ref-nordling43_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nordling43-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konsumenter">Konsumenter</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Konsumenter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Konsumenter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Pristis_pristis_-_Georgia_Aquarium_Jan_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pristis_pristis_-_Georgia_Aquarium_Jan_2006.jpg/250px-Pristis_pristis_-_Georgia_Aquarium_Jan_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pristis_pristis_-_Georgia_Aquarium_Jan_2006.jpg/375px-Pristis_pristis_-_Georgia_Aquarium_Jan_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pristis_pristis_-_Georgia_Aquarium_Jan_2006.jpg/500px-Pristis_pristis_-_Georgia_Aquarium_Jan_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>En <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A5gfisk" title="Sågfisk">sågfisk</a>, en konsument i vissa ekosystem.</figcaption></figure> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Konsument_(biologi)" title="Konsument (biologi)">Konsument (biologi)</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Skillnaden mellan producenter och konsumenter är att konsumenterna inte producerar sin egen mat utan livnär sig på energi som bundits i andra organismer såsom växter eller andra djur.<sup id="cite_ref-nordling43_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nordling43-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alla djur i ekosystemet är konsumenter.<sup id="cite_ref-nordling43_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nordling43-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Några olika typer av konsumenter är <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4xt%C3%A4tare" title="Växtätare">växtätare</a>, <a href="/wiki/All%C3%A4tare" title="Allätare">allätare</a> och <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6tt%C3%A4tare" title="Köttätare">köttätare</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nedbrytare">Nedbrytare</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Nedbrytare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Nedbrytare"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Oniscus_asellus_-_male_side_1_(aka).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Oniscus_asellus_-_male_side_1_%28aka%29.jpg/250px-Oniscus_asellus_-_male_side_1_%28aka%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Oniscus_asellus_-_male_side_1_%28aka%29.jpg/375px-Oniscus_asellus_-_male_side_1_%28aka%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Oniscus_asellus_-_male_side_1_%28aka%29.jpg/500px-Oniscus_asellus_-_male_side_1_%28aka%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>En <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A5sugga" class="mw-redirect" title="Gråsugga">gråsugga</a>, en nedbrytare inom vissa ekosystem.</figcaption></figure> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Nedbrytare" title="Nedbrytare">Nedbrytare</a></dd></dl></div> <p>En nedbrytare är en organism som livnär sig på döda växter och djur. <a href="/wiki/Bakterier" title="Bakterier">Bakterier</a>, småkryp och <a href="/wiki/Svampar" title="Svampar">svampar</a> är viktiga nedbrytare som är nödvändiga för att ekosystemet ska fungera.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abiotiska_beståndsdelar"><span id="Abiotiska_best.C3.A5ndsdelar"></span>Abiotiska beståndsdelar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Abiotiska beståndsdelar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Abiotiska beståndsdelar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Klyftamon_boulders.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Klyftamon_boulders.JPG/250px-Klyftamon_boulders.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Klyftamon_boulders.JPG/375px-Klyftamon_boulders.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Klyftamon_boulders.JPG/500px-Klyftamon_boulders.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2667" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Ett <a href="/wiki/Block_(jordart)" title="Block (jordart)">block</a> är inte vid liv och kan vara en abiotisk beståndsdel i ekosystem.</figcaption></figure> <p>De abiotiska beståndsdelarna är de delar av ekosystemet som inte är vid <a href="/wiki/Liv" title="Liv">liv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nordling43_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nordling43-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I exempelvis en skog kan denna del av systemet vara markens egenskaper, andra egenskaper i <a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B6_(omgivning)" title="Miljö (omgivning)">miljön</a> som är avgörande för ekosystemets existens, eller helt enkelt bara en <a href="/wiki/Sten" title="Sten">sten</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Olika_ekosystem">Olika ekosystem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Olika ekosystem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Olika ekosystem"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tropisk_regnskog">Tropisk regnskog</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tropisk regnskog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tropisk regnskog"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Lagosandoval.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lagosandoval.jpg/250px-Lagosandoval.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lagosandoval.jpg/375px-Lagosandoval.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lagosandoval.jpg/500px-Lagosandoval.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>En regnskog.</figcaption></figure> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Regnskog" title="Regnskog">Regnskog</a></dd></dl></div> <p>I den tropiska regnskogen finns många <a href="/wiki/Epifyt" title="Epifyt">epifyter</a> av olika arter, både större epifyter, som träd, och mindre epifyter, som de mindre växter som lever på trädgrenar och trädstammar exempelvis <a href="/wiki/Orkid%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkidé">orkidéer</a>. På grund av detta finns det många <a href="/wiki/Ekologisk_nisch" title="Ekologisk nisch">ekologisk nischer</a> för växtätare, något som i sin tur gör att köttätande arter frodas.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regnskogen är världens artrikaste ekosystem.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Savann,_stäpp_och_öken"><span id="Savann.2C_st.C3.A4pp_och_.C3.B6ken"></span>Savann, stäpp och öken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Savann, stäpp och öken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Savann, stäpp och öken"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartiklar: <a href="/wiki/Savann" title="Savann">Savann</a>, <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4pp" title="Stäpp">stäpp</a> och <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ken" title="Öken">öken</a></dd></dl></div> <p>De stora växtätarna <a href="/wiki/Antilop" class="mw-redirect" title="Antilop">antiloper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gasell" class="mw-redirect" title="Gasell">gaseller</a> och <a href="/wiki/Elefanter" title="Elefanter">elefanter</a> frodas i <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrikas</a> fyra största <a href="/wiki/Nationalpark" title="Nationalpark">nationalparker</a> <a href="/wiki/Tsavo_East_nationalpark" title="Tsavo East nationalpark">Tsavo East</a> och <a href="/wiki/Tsavo_West_nationalpark" title="Tsavo West nationalpark">Tsavo West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serengeti" class="mw-redirect" title="Serengeti">Serengeti</a> och <a href="/wiki/Kruger_nationalpark" title="Kruger nationalpark">Kruger</a>, liksom de större köttätarna, bland annat <a href="/wiki/Lejon" title="Lejon">lejon</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. På stäpperna och öknarna måste alla beståndsdelar i ekosystemet vara anpassade till hettan för att överleva. Kaktusen är bra på att överleva i öknen eftersom den inte har några blad som vatten kan avdunsta från.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biom" title="Biom">Biom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotop" title="Biotop">Biotop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekocid" title="Ekocid">Ekocid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">Habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permakultur" title="Permakultur">Permakultur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_bek%C3%A4mpning" title="Biologisk bekämpning">Biologisk bekämpning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_m%C3%A5ngfald" title="Biologisk mångfald">Biologisk mångfald</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span class="plainlinks"><i>Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från <a href="/wiki/Engelskspr%C3%A5kiga_Wikipedia" title="Engelskspråkiga Wikipedia">engelskspråkiga Wikipedia</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem">Ecosystem</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem">tidigare version</a>.</i></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&action=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nordling43-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-nordling43_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nordling43_1-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nordling43_1-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nordling43_1-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nordling43_1-4"><small>e</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">i<a href="#CITEREFNordling2004">Nordling 2004</a>, s. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/ekosystem">”ekosystem”</a>. NE<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/ekosystem">http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/ekosystem</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 21 september 2015</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=ekosystem&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=NE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Fekosystem&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ekosystem"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nat-3"><a href="#cite_ref-nat_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924102342/http://www.nrm.se/faktaomnaturenochrymden/ekosystem.1597.html">”Ekosystem, naturtyper och naturområden”</a>. Naturhistoriska riksmuseet. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrm.se/faktaomnaturenochrymden/ekosystem.1597.html">originalet</a> den 24 september 2015<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924102342/http://www.nrm.se/faktaomnaturenochrymden/ekosystem.1597.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20150924102342/http://www.nrm.se/faktaomnaturenochrymden/ekosystem.1597.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 21 september 2015</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ekosystem%2C+naturtyper+och+naturomr%C3%A5den&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Naturhistoriska+riksmuseet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20150924102342%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrm.se%2Ffaktaomnaturenochrymden%2Fekosystem.1597.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ekosystem"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNordling2004">Nordling 2004</a>, s. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNordling2004">Nordling 2004</a>, s. 46-47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNordling2004">Nordling 2004</a>, s. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNordling2004">Nordling 2004</a>, s. 49-50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNordling2004">Nordling 2004</a>, s. 51.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tryckta_källor"><span id="Tryckta_k.C3.A4llor"></span>Tryckta källor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tryckta källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&action=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tryckta källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFNordling2004">Nordling (2004). <i><span>NT-Boken</span></i>. Gleerups. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9164610446" title="Special:Bokkällor/9164610446">ISBN 9164610446</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NT-Boken&rft.aulast=Nordling&rft.au=Nordling&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=Gleerups&rft.isbn=9164610446&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ekosystem"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekosystem&action=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ecosystems" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ecosystems">Ekosystem</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ecosystems" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ecosystems">Bilder & media</a></div></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Natur" title="Mall:Natur"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Natur&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Natur" title="Natur">Natur</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Universum" title="Universum">Universum</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rum_(fysik)" title="Rum (fysik)">Rum</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tid" title="Tid">Tid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">Energi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Materia" title="Materia">Materia</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden">Jorden</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Geovetenskap" title="Geovetenskap">Geovetenskap</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jordens_historia" title="Jordens historia">Historia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jordens_geologiska_historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordens geologiska historia">geologisk</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordens_struktur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordens struktur [inte skriven än]">Struktur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi">Geologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Plattektonik" title="Plattektonik">Plattektonik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">Ocean</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a 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title="Solljus">Solljus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tidvatten" title="Tidvatten">Tidvatten</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vind" title="Vind">Vind</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B6_(omgivning)" title="Miljö (omgivning)">Miljö</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Skogsekologi" title="Skogsekologi">Skogsekologi</a></i>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ekosystem</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vildmark" title="Vildmark">Vildmark</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Skogsbrand" title="Skogsbrand">Skogsbrand</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Liv" title="Liv">Liv</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Livets_uppkomst" title="Livets uppkomst">Uppkomst <small>(abiogenesis)</small></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">Evolution</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologisk_organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologisk organisation [inte skriven än]">Hierarki</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a 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