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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabegaçon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Biquip%C3%A9dia:P%C3%A1igina_percipal" title="Besitar la páigina percipal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Páigina percipal</span></a></li><li id="n-forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Biquip%C3%A9dia:Taberna"><span>Taberna</span></a></li><li id="n-adminhelp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Biquip%C3%A9dia:Pedidos_als_admenistradores"><span>Pedidos als 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href="/wiki/Biquip%C3%A9dia:Portal_de_la_quemunidade" title="Subre l porjeto, l que puodes fazer, i adonde ancuntrar las cousas"><span>Portal de la quemunidade</span></a></li><li id="n-welcome" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Biquip%C3%A9dia:Acolhimiento_para_lhus%C3%B3fonos"><span>Acolhimiento para lhusófonos</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mudan%C3%A7as_recentes" title="Ua lhista de redadeiras altaraçones nesta biqui. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Redadeiras altaraçones</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:P%C3%A1ginas_novas"><span>Páiginas nuobas</span></a></li><li id="n-store" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//store.wikimedia.org/"><span>Loija de la Biquipédia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Biquip%C3%A9dia:P%C3%A1igina_percipal" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Biquipédia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-mwl.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="la anciclopédia lhibre" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-mwl.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Pesquisar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Percurar an Biquipédia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Percura</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Percurar an Biquipédia" aria-label="Percurar an Biquipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Percurar an Biquipédia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Pesquisar"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Percurar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Ferramientas pessonales"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspeto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspeto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_mwl.wikipedia.org&uselang=mwl" class=""><span>Donaçones</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Criar_Cuonta&returnto=Dreito" title="Ye ancorajado a criar ua cuonta i ampeçar sesson; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Antrar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Mais opções" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramientas pessonales" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramientas pessonales</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Menu do utilizador" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_mwl.wikipedia.org&uselang=mwl"><span>Donaçones</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Contribuir</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Criar_Cuonta&returnto=Dreito" title="Ye ancorajado a criar ua cuonta i ampeçar sesson; inda assi, nun ye oubrigatório"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Criar ua cuonta</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Antrar&returnto=Dreito" title="Tu sós animado pa que te outentiques, inda que esso nun seia oubrigatório. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Antrar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Páginas para editores sem sessão iniciada <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introduction" aria-label="Saiba mais sobre edição"><span>saber mais</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Minha_discuss%C3%A3o" title="Discussão sobre edições feitas a partir deste endereço IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Cumbersa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="''Site''"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Conteúdo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Conteúdo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Eitimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eitimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Eitimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eitimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natureza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natureza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Natureza</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Natureza-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Natureza</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Natureza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natureza_de_la_norma_jurídica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natureza_de_la_norma_jurídica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Natureza de la norma jurídica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natureza_de_la_norma_jurídica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dreito_positibo_i_dreito_natural" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dreito_positibo_i_dreito_natural"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Dreito positibo i dreito natural</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dreito_positibo_i_dreito_natural-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fuontes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fuontes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fuontes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fuontes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classeficaçon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classeficaçon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Classeficaçon</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classeficaçon-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Classeficaçon</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classeficaçon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dreito_público_i_dreito_pribado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dreito_público_i_dreito_pribado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Dreito público i dreito pribado</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dreito_público_i_dreito_pribado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ramos_de_l_dreito" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ramos_de_l_dreito"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ramos de l dreito</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ramos_de_l_dreito-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stória" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stória"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Stória</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stória-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Stória</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Stória-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-L_papel_de_l_Stado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L_papel_de_l_Stado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>L papel de l Stado</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L_papel_de_l_Stado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teorie_de_l_dreito" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teorie_de_l_dreito"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Teorie de l dreito</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Teorie_de_l_dreito-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Teorie de l dreito</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Teorie_de_l_dreito-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scuolas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scuolas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Scuolas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scuolas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Famílias_de_l_dreito" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famílias_de_l_dreito"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Famílias de l dreito</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famílias_de_l_dreito-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outros_temas_de_teorie_de_l_dreito" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outros_temas_de_teorie_de_l_dreito"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Outros temas de teorie de l dreito</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outros_temas_de_teorie_de_l_dreito-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refréncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refréncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Refréncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refréncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ber_tamien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ber_tamien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ber tamien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ber_tamien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dreito</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 184 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-184" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">184 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reg" title="Reg — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Reg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recht" title="Recht — alemão suíço" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Recht" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemão suíço" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%95%E1%8C%8D" title="ሕግ — Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሕግ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreito" title="Dreito — Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dreito" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="قانون — Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قانون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܩܢܘܢܐ — Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܢܘܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="قانون — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قانون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="قانون — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قانون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derechu" title="Derechu — Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Derechu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCquq" title="Hüquq — Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hüquq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82" title="حوقوق — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حوقوق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D2%A1%D1%83%D2%A1" title="Хоҡуҡ — Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хоҡуҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recht" title="Recht — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Recht" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teis%C4%97" title="Teisė — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Teisė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley" title="Ley — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ley" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Права — Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Права" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Права — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Права" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A8t" title="Wèt — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Wèt" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Право — Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Право" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="कानून — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कानून" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A0r%C3%ACya" title="Sàrìya — Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Sàrìya" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="আইন — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁྲིམས། — Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁྲིམས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwir_(lezenn)" title="Gwir (lezenn) — Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwir (lezenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravo" title="Pravo — Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pravo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhum" title="Uhum — Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Uhum" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Хуули — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хуули" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dret" title="Dret — Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dret" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1k-l%C5%ADk" title="Huák-lŭk — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-lŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BE" title="Бакъо — Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бакъо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamalaod" title="Pamalaod — Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pamalaod" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lai" title="Lai — Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Lai" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A7%E1%8E%BF%E1%8F%A9%E1%8F%9B%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᏗᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ — cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏗᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="یاسا — Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یاسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drittu" title="Drittu — córsico" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Drittu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="córsico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A1vo" title="Právo — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Právo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B2%C4%95%C3%A7-%D0%B8%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BA" title="Тивĕç-ирĕк — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тивĕç-ирĕк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfraith" title="Cyfraith — Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfraith" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jura" title="Jura — Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jura" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recht" title="Recht — German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Recht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%B1quq" title="Hıquq — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hıquq" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Δίκαιο — Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δίκαιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law" title="Law — English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Law" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juro" title="Juro — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Juro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derecho" title="Derecho — Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Derecho" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%95igus" title="Õigus — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Õigus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuzenbide" title="Zuzenbide — Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zuzenbide" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derechu" title="Derechu — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Derechu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="قانون — Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قانون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laki" title="Laki — Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Laki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawa" title="Lawa — Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Lawa" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droit" title="Droit — French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Droit" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%AAt" title="Drêt — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Drêt" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocht" title="Rocht — Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rocht" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirit" title="Dirit — Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Dirit" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rjocht" title="Rjocht — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rjocht" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dl%C3%AD" title="Dlí — Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dlí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drw%C3%A8" title="Drwè — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Drwè" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagh" title="Lagh — Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Lagh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dereito" title="Dereito — Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dereito" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekoiterape" title="Tekoiterape — Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tekoiterape" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leigh" title="Leigh — Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Leigh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doka" title="Doka — haúça" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Doka" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haúça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fap-li%CC%8Dt" title="Fap-li̍t — Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fap-li̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F" title="דין — Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF" title="विधि — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विधि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanuun" title="Kanuun — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kanuun" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravo" title="Pravo — Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pravo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwa_(dwa)" title="Lwa (dwa) — Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lwa (dwa)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jog" title="Jog — Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jog" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Իրավունք — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իրավունք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%82%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Իրաւունք — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իրաւունք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derecto" title="Derecto — Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Derecto" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum" title="Hukum — Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hukum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jure" title="Jure — Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Jure" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linteg" title="Linteg — Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Linteg" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yurocienco" title="Yurocienco — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yurocienco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6gfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Lögfræði — Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lögfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diritto" title="Diritto — Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diritto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95_(%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6)" title="法 (法学) — Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="法 (法学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laa" title="Laa — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Laa" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/flalu" title="flalu — Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="flalu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukum" title="Ukum — Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ukum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სამართალი — Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სამართალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huq%C4%B1q" title="Huqıq — Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Huqıq" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Құқық — Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Құқық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B" title="ច្បាប់ — Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ច្បាប់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81" title="ಕಾನೂನು — Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾನೂನು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%95" title="법 — Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Хакъ — carachaio-bálcaro" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Хакъ" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="carachaio-bálcaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dad" title="Dad — Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dad" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D3%A7%D0%B4" title="Инӧд — Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Инӧд" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagha" title="Lagha — Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lagha" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Укук — Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Укук" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigos an çtaque"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ius" title="Ius — Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirito" title="Dirito — Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Dirito" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droit" title="Droit — Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Droit" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lege" title="Lege — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lege" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rech" title="Rech — Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rech" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diritto" title="Diritto — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Diritto" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9bi-bos%C3%A9mbo" title="Zébi-bosémbo — Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zébi-bosémbo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D" title="ກົດໝາຍ — Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກົດໝາຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teis%C4%97" title="Teisė — Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Teisė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tieslietas" title="Tieslietas — Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tieslietas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="कानून — Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कानून" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum" title="Hukum — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Hukum" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lal%C3%A0na_(mitovy_fanoratra)" title="Lalàna (mitovy fanoratra) — Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lalàna (mitovy fanoratra)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ture" title="Ture — Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ture" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum" title="Hukum — Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Hukum" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Право — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Право" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82" title="നിയമം — Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിയമം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%85_%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%B9" title="Эрх зүй — Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эрх зүй" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE" title="कायदा — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कायदा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undang-undang" title="Undang-undang — Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Undang-undang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dritt" title="Dritt — Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Dritt" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A5%E1%80%95%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1" title="ဥပဒေ — Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဥပဒေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Права — Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Права" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juristeree" title="Juristeree — baixo-alemão" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Juristeree" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo-alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recht" title="Recht — baixo-saxão" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Recht" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baixo-saxão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="कानून — Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कानून" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recht" title="Recht — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Recht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lov_og_rett" title="Lov og rett — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lov og rett" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou%C3%A9" title="Loué — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Loué" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drech" title="Drech — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Drech" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Барад — ossético" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Барад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossético" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%82%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕਾਨੂੰਨ — Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਨੂੰਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derecho" title="Derecho — Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Derecho" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawo" title="Prawo — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prawo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lej" title="Lej — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lej" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="قنون — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قنون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigos an çtaque"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direito" title="Direito — Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Direito" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiqa" title="Chiqa — Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chiqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drept" title="Drept — Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Drept" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Право — Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Право" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Право — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Право" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Төрүн — Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Төрүн" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deretu" title="Deretu — Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Deretu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liggi" title="Liggi — Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Liggi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law" title="Law — Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Law" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="قانون — Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قانون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravo" title="Pravo — Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pravo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="නීතිය — Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නීතිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law" title="Law — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Law" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objekt%C3%ADvne_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Objektívne právo — Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Objektívne právo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravo" title="Pravo — Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pravo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tul%C4%81fono" title="Tulāfono — Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Tulāfono" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutemo" title="Mutemo — shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mutemo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharci" title="Sharci — Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sharci" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligji" title="Ligji — Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ligji" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Право — Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Право" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum" title="Hukum — Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hukum" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juridik" title="Juridik — Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Juridik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheria" title="Sheria — Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sheria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/hulic" title="hulic — Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="hulic" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சட்டம் — Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%82" title="చట్టం — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చట్టం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D1%83%D2%9B%D1%83%D2%9B" title="Ҳуқуқ — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳуқуқ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="กฎหมาย — Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กฎหมาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batas" title="Batas — Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Batas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo" title="Lo — Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Lo" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukuk" title="Hukuk — Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hukuk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya" title="Gaya — Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Gaya" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawu" title="Nawu — Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Nawu" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Хокук — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хокук" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmara" title="Mmara — Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Mmara" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Право — Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Право" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="قانون — Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قانون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huquq" title="Huquq — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Huquq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derito" title="Derito — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Derito" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%E1%BA%ADt_ph%C3%A1p" title="Luật pháp — Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Luật pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detik" title="Detik — Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Detik" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaud" title="Balaud — Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Balaud" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律 — Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法律" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umthetho" title="Umthetho — xosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Umthetho" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სამართალი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სამართალი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%A5" title="געזעץ — Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געזעץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92fin" title="Òfin — ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òfin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faplwd" title="Faplwd — Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Faplwd" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recht" title="Recht — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Recht" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律 — Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法律" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="法律" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-lu%CC%8Dt" title="Hoat-lu̍t — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-lu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律 — Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法律" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umthetho" title="Umthetho — Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umthetho" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7748#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Eiditar lhigaçones anterlhenguísticas" class="wbc-editpage">Eiditar lhigaçones</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Domínios"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dreito" title="Ber la páigina de l cuntenido [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Páigina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumbersa:Dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Cumbersa subre l cuntenido de la páigina (la páigina nun eisiste) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Cumbersa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mirandés</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Besitas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dreito"><span>Lher</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit" title="Eiditar esta páigina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Eiditar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Eiditar código-fuonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=history" title="Eidiçones mais antigas desta páigina. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ber stórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramientas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramientas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dreito"><span>Lher</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit" title="Eiditar esta páigina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Eiditar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Eiditar código-fuonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=history"><span>Ber stórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Dreito" title="Todas las páiginas que se lhigan eiqui [j]" accesskey="j"><span>L que lhiga eiqui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Dreito" rel="nofollow" title="Redadeiras altaraçones an páiginas que ténen a ber cun esta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Altaraçones relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=mwl" title="Cargar eimaiges ó fexeiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Cargar fexeiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Todas las páiginas speciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páiginas speciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&oldid=78967" title="Lhigaçon pa siempre desta berson desta páigina"><span>Lhigaçon pa siempre</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a 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lang="mwl" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fexeiro:A_Justica_Alfredo_Ceschiatti_Brasilia_Brasil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/A_Justica_Alfredo_Ceschiatti_Brasilia_Brasil.jpg/300px-A_Justica_Alfredo_Ceschiatti_Brasilia_Brasil.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="407" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/A_Justica_Alfredo_Ceschiatti_Brasilia_Brasil.jpg/450px-A_Justica_Alfredo_Ceschiatti_Brasilia_Brasil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/A_Justica_Alfredo_Ceschiatti_Brasilia_Brasil.jpg/600px-A_Justica_Alfredo_Ceschiatti_Brasilia_Brasil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1672" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption><small>Scultura <i>La Justícia</i>, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfredo_Ceschiatti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfredo Ceschiatti (la páigina nun eisiste)">Alfredo Ceschiatti</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a>, sigue la tradiçon de la repersentar culs uolhos tapados, para amostrar la sue amparcialidade, i la spada, símbolo de la fuorça para amponer l <b>dreito</b>. Alguas repersentaçones de la Justícia ténen tamien ua baláncia, que quier dezir l eiquelíbrio de ls antresses de las partes que stan ua contra la outra.</small></figcaption></figure> <p>La palabra <b>dreito</b> ten mais dun sentido: </p> <ul><li>sistema de normas de cunduta ampuosto por un cunjunto de anstituiçones para rigular las relaçones sociales: l que ls juristas cháman de <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_oujetibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito oujetibo (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito oujetibo</a></b>, a que ls leigos se refíren quando dízen "l dreito proíbe la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poligamie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poligamie (la páigina nun eisiste)">poligamie</a>". Neste sentido, ye armano a la eideia de "orde jurídica". Este sentido de la palabra puode tener outros sentidos: <ul><li>cumo l sistema ou cunjunto de normas jurídicas de un paíç ou <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurdi%C3%A7on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurdiçon (la páigina nun eisiste)">jurdiçon</a> ("l dreito pertués"); ó</li> <li>cumo l cunjunto de normas jurídicas dun cierto ramo de l dreito ("l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_penal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito penal (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito penal</a>", "l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_la_fam%C3%ADlia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de la família (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito de la família</a>").</li></ul></li> <li>faculdade cuncedida a ua pessona para poner la orde jurídica a fabor de sous antresses: l que ls juristas cháman de '<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_sujetibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito sujetibo (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreitos sujetibos</a>' </i>, a que ls leigos se refíren quando dízen "you tengo l dreito de falar l que you quejir" ó "el tenie dreito a aqueilhas tierras".</li> <li>ramo de las <a href="/wiki/Ci%C3%A9ncias_sociales" title="Ciéncias sociales">ciéncias sociales</a> que studa l sistema de normas que rigúlan las relaçones sociales: l que ls juristas cháman de <b>ciéncia de l dreito</b>, a que ls leigos se refíren quando dízen "you perciso de studar dreito comercial para cunseguir un bun amprego".</li></ul> <p>Anque l dreito yá miles de anhos que eisista nas sociadades houmanas i tenga ua streita relaçon cula <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cibeliza%C3%A7on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cibelizaçon (la páigina nun eisiste)">cibelizaçon</a> (questuma-se dezir que "adonde stá la sociadade, eilhi stá l dreito"), hai ua grande çcuçon antre ls <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosofie_de_l_dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosofie de l dreito (la páigina nun eisiste)">filósofos de l dreito</a> a respeito de l sou cunceito i de sue natureza. Mas, qualesquiera que eilhes séian, l dreito ye eissencial a la bida an sociadade, al definir dreitos i oubrigaçones antre las pessonas i al resolber ls cunflitos de antresse. Ls sous eifeitos subre l die a die de las pessonas ban zde ua simples biaige de carro de praça até la compra dun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eimoble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eimoble (la páigina nun eisiste)">eimoble</a>, zde ua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eilei%C3%A7on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eileiçon (la páigina nun eisiste)">eileiçon</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pursidente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pursidente (la páigina nun eisiste)">persidencial</a> até l castigo dun <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">crime</a>, antre outros eisemplos. </p><p>L dreito questuma ser debedido an ramos, cumo l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_cebil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito cebil (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito cebil</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_penal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito penal (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito penal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_comercial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito comercial (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito comercial</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_custitucional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito custitucional (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito custitucional</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_admenistratibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito admenistratibo (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito admenistratibo</a> i outros, cada un destes repunsable por rigular las relaçones antrepessonales an sociadade. L <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Melitar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Melitar (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Melitar</a>, por eisemplo, ye un de l ramos mais antigos de l Dreito. </p><p>Ne l mundo, cada <a href="/wiki/Stado" title="Stado">Stado</a> ten un dreito própio desse paíç, i nesse sentido se fala an "dreito brasileiro", dreito pertués", "dreito chino" i outros. Ls "dreitos nacionales" questúman ser ajuntados puls juristas an grandes grupos: ls percipales son l grupo de ls dreitos de ourige romano-germánica (cun assento ne l antigo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_romano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito romano (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito romano</a>; l dreito pertués i l dreito brasileiro fázen parte deste grupo) i l grupo de l dreitos de ourige anglo-saxónica (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common Law (la páigina nun eisiste)">Common Law</a></i>, cumo l anglés i l amaricano), anque tamien haba grupos de dreitos cun base relegiosa, antre outras (ber <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_cumparado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito cumparado (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito cumparado</a>). Hai tamien dreitos supranacionales, cumo l dreito de la <a href="/wiki/Ounion_Ouropeia" title="Ounion Ouropeia">Ounion Ouropeia</a>. L <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_anternacional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito anternacional (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito anternacional</a> rigula las relaçones antre Stados. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eitimologie">Eitimologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Eiditar cacho: Eitimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Eitimologie"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La palabra "dreito" ben de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lhatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lhatin (la páigina nun eisiste)">lhatin</a> <i>dicretus, a, um</i>, "que sigue regras stablecidas antes ó un cierto preceito", de l particípio passado de l berbo <i>dirigere</i>. </p><p>Para outros outores, la palabra faç refréncia a la diusa romana de la justícia, <i>Justitia</i>, que siguraba an sues manos ua baláncia cun fiél. Dezie-se que habie <i>justícia</i> quando l fiél staba abselutamente perpendicular an relaçon a la tierra: <i>de retum</i>. </p><p>Las lhénguas románicas oucidentales cumpárten la mesma ourige pa la palabra "dreito": <i>diritto</i>, an <a href="/wiki/Lh%C3%A9ngua_eitaliana" title="Lhéngua eitaliana">eitaliano</a>, <i>derecho</i>, an <a href="/wiki/Lh%C3%A9ngua_spanhola" title="Lhéngua spanhola">spanhol</a>, <i>droit</i>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lh%C3%A9ngua_francesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lhéngua francesa (la páigina nun eisiste)">francés</a>, <i>dret</i>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catalon (la páigina nun eisiste)">catalon</a>, <i>drech</i>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocitano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocitano (la páigina nun eisiste)">ocitano</a>. Las palabras <i>right</i>, an <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ngua_anglesa" title="Léngua anglesa">anglés</a>, i <i>Recht</i>, an <a href="/wiki/Lh%C3%A9ngua_almana" title="Lhéngua almana">alman</a>, ténen ourige <a href="/wiki/Lh%C3%A9nguas_germ%C3%A1nicas" title="Lhénguas germánicas">germánica</a> (<i>riht</i>), de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-ouropeu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-ouropeu (la páigina nun eisiste)">indo-ouropeu</a> <i>*reg-to-</i> "mobido an lhinha reta".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L termo indo-ouropeu ye l'ourige de l latin <i>retus, a, um</i> (ber arriba) i de l griego ὀρεκτός. </p><p>An <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lhatin_cl%C3%A1ssico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lhatin clássico (la páigina nun eisiste)">lhatin clássico</a>, ampregaba-se l termo <i>IVS</i> (screbido tamien <i>ius</i> ó <i>jus</i>), que oureginalmente querie dezir "fórmula relegiosa"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i que por deribaçon de sentido bieno a ser ousado puls <a href="/wiki/Roma_Antiga" title="Roma Antiga">antigos romanos</a> cul sentido eiquibalente als modernos "dreito oujetibo" (<i>ius st norma agendi</i>) i "dreito sujetibo" (<i>ius st facultas agendi</i>). Cunsante alguns studiosos, l termo <i>ius</i> tenerie a ber cun <i>iussum</i>, partecípio passado de l berbo <i>iuvere</i>, que quier dezir "mandar", "ourdenar", de la raiç <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1nscrito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sánscrito (la páigina nun eisiste)">sánscrita</a> <i>ju</i>, "lhigar". Mais tarde, inda na era romana, la palabra <i>diretum</i> (ber arriba) passou a ser mais ousada pa chamar l dreito. Cumo yá se biu, <i>diretum</i> ben de l berbo <i>dirigere</i> que ten ourige an <i>regere</i>, "regir", "gobernar", adonde ls termos lhatinos <i>rex</i>, <i>regula</i> i outros.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L lhatin clássico <i>ius</i> dou an mirandés las palabras "justo", "justícia", "jurídico", "juiç" i muitos outras. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natureza">Natureza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Eiditar cacho: Natureza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Natureza"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ber artigo percipal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aneixo:Lista_de_defini%C3%A7ones_de_l_dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aneixo:Lista de definiçones de l dreito (la páigina nun eisiste)">Aneixo:Lista de definiçones de l dreito</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natureza_de_la_norma_jurídica"><span id="Natureza_de_la_norma_jur.C3.ADdica"></span>Natureza de la norma jurídica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Eiditar cacho: Natureza de la norma jurídica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Natureza de la norma jurídica"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fexeiro:BayBePoFestnahme.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/BayBePoFestnahme.jpg/220px-BayBePoFestnahme.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/BayBePoFestnahme.jpg/330px-BayBePoFestnahme.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/BayBePoFestnahme.jpg/440px-BayBePoFestnahme.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>L dreito ye defrente de l restro de las normas de cunduta pula eisisténcia dua sançon pul sou ancumprimiento. Ne l retrato, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pol%C3%ADcia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polícia (la páigina nun eisiste)">polícias</a> a prender un suspeito.</figcaption></figure> <p>La bida an <a href="/wiki/Sociadade" title="Sociadade">sociadade</a> i las relaciones antre pessonas eisígen regras de cunduta que deceplínen la anteracion antre las pessonas cul oujetibo de alcançar l bien quemun, la paç i la ourganizaçon sociales. Essas regras, chamadas normas éticas ó de cunduta, puoden ser de natureza <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moral (la páigina nun eisiste)">moral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Relegion" title="Relegion">relegiosa</a> i jurídica. La norma de l dreito, chamada "norma jurídica", ye defrente de las outras, mas, por tener a ber cula cunduta sterna de l andebíduo, eisigindo-le que faga ó deixe de fazer algo, oujetibamente, i atrebuindo-le repunsablidades, dreitos i oubrigaçones. Acumpare-se culas normas morales i relegiosas, deregidas percipalmente a la antençon anterna, al porcesso psicológico. </p><p>Outra caratelística que çtingue la norma jurídica ye la eisistença dua <a href="/w/index.php?title=San%C3%A7on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sançon (la páigina nun eisiste)">sançon</a> oubrigatória pa l causo de l sou ancumprimiento, ampuosta por ua outoridade custituída pula sociadade ourganizada, anquanto que la sançon aplicada pul ancumprimento de la regra moral nun ye ourganizada, sendo, al cuntrário, stablecida por toda la sociadade </p><p>Antoce, nin toda la norma de cunduta ye jurídica. La sociadade dá-le la porteçon mássima de l dreito solo a alguns balores que eilha cuida eissenciales i que ls juristas cháman de "l mínimo ético". </p><p>L dreito custitui, assi, un cunjunto de normas de cunduta stablecidas para rigular las relaçones sociales i garantidas pula anterbençon de l poder público (quier dezir, la sançon que la outoridade central - ne l mundo moderno, l <a href="/wiki/Stado" title="Stado">Stado</a> - ampon). Ye antoce de la natureza de la norma de dreito la eisistença dua amanaça pul sou nun cumprimento (sançon) i la sue amposiçon por ua outoridade pública (modernamente, l Stado) cul oujetibo de atender al antresse giral (l bien quemun, la paç i la ourganizaçon sociales). Mas hai juristas que nun cuncórdan cula amportança dada a la sançon para splicar la natureza de la norma jurídica. </p><p>Las normas jurídicas ténen por oujetibo criar dreitos i oubrigaçones pa las pessonas, séian eilhas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pessona_natural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pessona natural (la páigina nun eisiste)">pessonas naturales</a>, ou séian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pessona_jur%C3%ADdica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pessona jurídica (la páigina nun eisiste)">pessonas jurídicas</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Esto nun quier dezir que l dreito nun rigule las cousas i ls animales, por eisemplo, mas faç esso cul perpósito de defender dreitos ó gerir oubrigaçones para pessonas, inda que, modernamente, l antresse defendido puoda ser l de toda ua coletibidade ó, até mesmo, de la houmanidade an abstrato. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dreito_positibo_i_dreito_natural">Dreito positibo i dreito natural</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Eiditar cacho: Dreito positibo i dreito natural" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Dreito positibo i dreito natural"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fexeiro:Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.png/18px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.png/27px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.png/36px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span><i>Ber artigos percipales: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Positibismo_jur%C3%ADdico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Positibismo jurídico (la páigina nun eisiste)">Positibismo jurídico</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_natural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito natural (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito natural</a>.</i></div></dd></dl> <p><br /> </p><p>Dá-se l nome de "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_positibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito positibo (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito positibo</a>" al cunjunto de normas an bigor ditadas i ampuostas por un <a href="/wiki/Stado" title="Stado">Stado</a> nun cierto território. Ye antoce un cunceito mui próssimo als de orde jurídica i de dreito oujetibo. L dreito positibo, gerido por un Stado, ye própio desse Stado i baria cunsante las cundiçones sociales dua cierta era. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fexeiro:Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/220px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/330px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/440px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3657" data-file-height="4636" /></a><figcaption>La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Declara%C3%A7on_de_ls_Dreitos_de_l_Home_i_de_l_Cidadano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declaraçon de ls Dreitos de l Home i de l Cidadano (la páigina nun eisiste)">Declaraçon de ls Dreitos de l Home i de l Cidadano</a>, de l tiempo de la <a href="/wiki/Rebolu%C3%A7on_Francesa" title="Reboluçon Francesa">Reboluçon Francesa</a>, ye un eisemplo de la ancorporaçon de percípios de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_natural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito natural (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito natural</a> al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_positibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito positibo (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito positibo</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ls <a href="/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie">filósofos</a> griegos fúrun ls purmeiros a defender ua çtinçon antre l dreito positibo, fundado na lei puosta puls homes, i l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_natural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito natural (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito natural</a>, que tenerie an to parte la mesma eificácia i nun dependerie de la oupenion de ls homes para ser eifetibo.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_romano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito romano (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito romano</a> tamien acolhiu la çtinçon, contraponendo l <i>ius civile</i> (puosto puls cidadanos dun lhugar i solo a estes aplicable) al <i>ius gentium</i>, defenido cumo l dreito puosto pula <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rezon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rezon (la páigina nun eisiste)">rezon</a> natural, ouserbado antre todos ls pobos i de cuntenido eimutable, l que corresponde a la defeniçon de dreito natural.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Na <a href="/wiki/Eidade_M%C3%A9dia" title="Eidade Média">Eidade Média</a>, ls juristas dezien que la natureza ó <a href="/wiki/Dius" title="Dius">Dius</a> éran l fundamiento de l dreito natural, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Tom%C3%A1s_de_Aquino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Tomás de Aquino (la páigina nun eisiste)">San Tomás de Aquino</a>, antre outros, dezie que las normas de dreito positibo benirien de l dreito natural.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anque l cunceito de dreito natural apareça na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%A9cia_antiga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grécia antiga (la páigina nun eisiste)">Grécia antiga</a> i seia tratado puls juristas romanos, la sue amportança pa l dreito moderno ben de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Racionalismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racionalismo (la páigina nun eisiste)">mobimiento racionalista</a> jurídico de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seclo_XVIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seclo XVIII (la páigina nun eisiste)">seclo XVIII</a>, que cuncebie la rezon cumo base de l dreito i defendie la eisistença dun dreito natural (por eisemplo, ls <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreitos_andibiduales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreitos andibiduales (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreitos fundamentales de l home</a>) porriba de l dreito positibo. Este dreito natural serie bálido i oubrigatório por el mesmo.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Defendido puls <a href="/wiki/Eiluminismo" title="Eiluminismo">eiluministas</a>, l dreito natural repersentou, storicamente, ua forma de lhibartaçon an relaçon a la orde jurídica ampuosta pulas outoridades de las monarquies <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abselutismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abselutismo (la páigina nun eisiste)">abselutistas</a>. Culas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebolu%C3%A7ones_Lhibarales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reboluçones Lhibarales (la páigina nun eisiste)">Reboluçones Lhibarales</a>, capitaneadas pula <a href="/wiki/Rebolu%C3%A7on_Francesa" title="Reboluçon Francesa">Reboluçon Francesa</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1789&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1789 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1789</a>), ampeçou-se un porcesso de codeficaçon ourientado pula rezon, apuntada, naqueilha altura, cumo base de l dreito natural. </p><p>La codificaçon de normas tenidas cumo eimutables i eiternas - centro de la teorie de l dreito natural - fui an parte repunsable pul aparecimiento dua nuoba teorie i prática de l dreito que daba primazie al dreito positibo i buscaba dar andependéncia a la ciéncia de l dreito, an relaçon a outras <a href="/wiki/Ci%C3%A9ncias_sociales" title="Ciéncias sociales">ciéncias sociales</a>. Aparece assi l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Positibismo_jur%C3%ADdico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Positibismo jurídico (la páigina nun eisiste)">juspositibismo</a>. </p><p>Ls que defénden la eisistença de l dreito natural i l stúdan cháman-se "jusnaturalistas". Cuntrapónen-se a estes ls "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Positibismo_jur%C3%ADdico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Positibismo jurídico (la páigina nun eisiste)">juspositibistas</a>" , que solo reconhécen la eisistença de l dreito positibo. Antoce nun acéitan la tese de la eisistença dun dreito eiterno, eimutable i giral para todos ls pobos, dezindo que dreito ye solo l que ye ampuosto pula outoridade. </p><p>Ne l seclo XX, aparecírun corrientes de pensamiento jurídico que quieren resumir ls puntos de bista jusnaturalista i juspositibista. De qualquiera forma, la çtinço perdiu parte de sue fuorça apuis de la ancorporaçon de ls dreitos i lhibardades fundamentales al dreito positibo (an giral, nas <a href="/wiki/Custitui%C3%A7on" title="Custituiçon">custituiçones</a> modernas) i cula cunsolidaçon de l Stado moderno i l sou monopólio subre la porduçon jurídica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fuontes">Fuontes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Eiditar cacho: Fuontes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Fuontes"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ber artigo percipal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuontes_de_dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuontes de dreito (la páigina nun eisiste)">Fuontes de dreito</a></div> <p>Las normas de dreito son criadas, demudadas i stintas por meio de ciertos tipos de atos, chamados puls juristas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuontes_de_dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuontes de dreito (la páigina nun eisiste)">fuontes de dreito</a>. </p><p>Storicamente, la purmeira manifestaçon de l dreito ye ancuntrada ne l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Questume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Questume (la páigina nun eisiste)">questume</a>, quier dezir ne l hábito de las pessonas ouserbáren de modo repetido ciertos usos, cumbertidos an regras de cunduta. Cul tiempo, ls grupos sociales passórun a dar l poder a un xefe ó uorgano coletibo de ditar i amponer las regras de cunduta, l que fizo cun que l dreito passasse a ser un quemando, ua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lei (la páigina nun eisiste)">lei</a> ampuosta pula fuorça i, zde cierto momento, fixada por scrito.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An maior ó menor grau, dambas las fuontes - l questume i la lei - cumbíben ne l dreito moderno, a la par de outras amportantes formas de porduçon de las normas jurídicas, cumo la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurisprud%C3%A9ncia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurisprudéncia (la páigina nun eisiste)">jurisprudéncia</a>. </p><p>Tradecionalmente, cunsidéran-se fuontes de l dreito las seguintes: </p> <ul><li>la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lei (la páigina nun eisiste)">lei</a>: antendida cumo l cunjunto de testos eiditados pula outoridade superior (an giral, l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poder_legislatibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poder legislatibo (la páigina nun eisiste)">poder legislatibo</a> ó la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Admenistra%C3%A7on_p%C3%BAblica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Admenistraçon pública (la páigina nun eisiste)">Admenistraçon pública</a>), puostos por scrito i cunsante procedimientos speciales. Questúman-se ancluir eiqui ls rigulamientos admenistratibos.</li> <li>l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Questume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Questume (la páigina nun eisiste)">questume</a>: regra nun scrita que se forma pula repetiçon dun cumportamiento i pula eideia giral de que esse cumportamiento ye oubrigatório (esto ye, custitui ua norma de l dreito) i neçairo.</li> <li>la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurisprud%C3%A9ncia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurisprudéncia (la páigina nun eisiste)">jurisprudéncia</a>: cunjunto de anterpretaçones de las normas de l dreito sacadas pul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poder_Judici%C3%A1rio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poder Judiciário (la páigina nun eisiste)">poder Judiciário</a>.</li> <li>ls <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perc%C3%ADpios_girales_de_dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Percípios girales de dreito (la páigina nun eisiste)">percípios girales de dreito</a>: son ls percípios más generales de <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tica" title="Ética">ética</a> social, dreito natural ó <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axiologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axiologie (la páigina nun eisiste)">axiologie</a> jurídica, deduzidos pula rezon houmana, assentes na natureza racional i lhibre de l home i que custitúen l fundamiento de todo l sistema jurídico.</li> <li>la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doutrina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doutrina (la páigina nun eisiste)">doutrina</a>: la oupenion de ls juristas subre ua matéria cuncreta de l dreito.</li></ul> <p>Outra scuola bei na buntade (andebidual, dun grupo ó de la coletebidade cumo un todo) l eilemiento eissencial de la teorie de las fuontes de l dreito. Este critério reconhece, a la par de las fuontes tradecionales, todos ls outros <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ato_jur%C3%ADdico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ato jurídico (la páigina nun eisiste)">atos jurídicos</a> <i>lato sensu</i> cumo fuontes de dreito: un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neg%C3%B3cio_jur%C3%ADdico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negócio jurídico (la páigina nun eisiste)">negócio jurídico</a>, ua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sent%C3%A9ncia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senténcia (la páigina nun eisiste)">senténcia</a> i la buntade unilateral, por eisemplo.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mas outros studiosos cunsidéran-las ua simples decorréncia de las fuontes tradecionales. </p><p>Cada dreito nacional dá-le amportança mais ou menos grande a cada ua de las fuontes. Cumo regra giral, ls países de tradiçon romano-germánica cunsidéran la lei cumo la percipal fuonte de l dreito, deixando a las outras l papel de fuontes secundárias, se nun houbir norma na lei. Yá ls países de sistema de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common Law (la páigina nun eisiste)">Common Law</a></i> dan-le mais amportança a la jurisprudéncia (ber <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_cumparado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito cumparado (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito cumparado</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classeficaçon"><span id="Classefica.C3.A7on"></span>Classeficaçon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Eiditar cacho: Classeficaçon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Classeficaçon"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ber artigo percipal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Classefica%C3%A7on_decimal_de_dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Classeficaçon decimal de dreito (la páigina nun eisiste)">Classeficaçon decimal de dreito</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dreito_público_i_dreito_pribado"><span id="Dreito_p.C3.BAblico_i_dreito_pribado"></span>Dreito público i dreito pribado</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Eiditar cacho: Dreito público i dreito pribado" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Dreito público i dreito pribado"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La tradicional dicotomie de l dreito an <a href="/wiki/Dreito_p%C3%BAblico" title="Dreito público">dreito público</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_pribado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito pribado (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito pribado</a> ben de ls <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_romano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito romano (la páigina nun eisiste)">antigos romanos</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trata-se dua çtinçon que ben até als dies de hoije, a las bezes pouco clara, an special na raia antre ls dous grupos. </p><p>Hai bários critérios para defrençar regras de dreito público i de dreito pribado. Ls trés más difundidos son: </p> <ul><li>critério de l antresse: l antresse público ye mais amportante que l antresse pribado;</li> <li>critério de la culidade de ls sujeitos: anterbençon de l Stado ó de outros entes públicos na relaçon jurídica; i</li> <li>critério de la posiçon de ls sujeitos: se l Stado stá an pie de ente soberano, cun <i>ius amperii</i>, ó se stá an posiçon eigual para eigual culs outros sujeitos de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rela%C3%A7on_jur%C3%ADdica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relaçon jurídica (la páigina nun eisiste)">relaçon jurídica</a>.</li></ul> <p>Cumo regra giral, anténden-se cumo pertencentes al dreito público las normas que rigúlan las relaçones an que l Stado eiserce la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soberanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soberanie (la páigina nun eisiste)">soberanie</a>, <i>amperium</i>, an que l andebíduo ye un súdito. Por outro lhado, quando l Stado stá de eigual para eigual cul andebíduo (por eisemplo, ne l causo de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ampresa_statal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ampresa statal (la páigina nun eisiste)">ampresas statales</a>) , l assunto poderá ser ser tratado pul dreito pribado. Perténcen al dreito público ramos cumo l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_custitucional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito custitucional (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito custitucional</a>, l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_admenistratibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito admenistratibo (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito admenistratibo</a>, l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_penal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito penal (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito penal</a> i l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_porcessual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito porcessual (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito porcessual</a>. </p><p>Yá l dreito pribado nun ten solo a ber culs antresses andebiduales, mas anclui tamien la porteçon de balores caros a la sociadade i de antresse coletibo, cumo l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_fam%C3%ADlia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de família (la páigina nun eisiste)">família</a>. Pertenécen al dreito pribado ramos cumo l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_cebil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito cebil (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito cebil</a> i l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_comercial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito comercial (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito comercial</a>. </p><p>L dreito pribado assenta ne l percípio de la outonomie de la buntade, quier dezir, las pessonas ténen l poder de stabelecer antre eilhas las normas que deseáren. Yá l dreito público sígue percípio diberso, l de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legalidade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legalidade (la páigina nun eisiste)">legalidade</a> strita, pul qual l Stado solo puode fazer l que stá perbisto an lei. La outonomie de la buntade tamien stá sujeita al percípio de la legalidade, mas an mais pequeinho grau - an dreito pribado, todo l que nun ye proibido ye premitido. </p><p>Alguns ramos de l dreito son cunsidrados mistos, por eilhi haber la defesa de antresses públicos i pribados, cumo l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_l_trabalho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de l trabalho (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito de l trabalho</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ramos_de_l_dreito">Ramos de l dreito</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Eiditar cacho: Ramos de l dreito" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ramos de l dreito"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L dreito debide-se an ramos de grande dibersidade. La relaçon a seguir nun ye cumpleta: </p> <table width="95%" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50%" valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Admenistratibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Admenistratibo (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Admenistratibo</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_la_Aeron%C3%A1utica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de la Aeronáutica (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de la Aeronáutica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_l_Ambiente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de l Ambiente (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de l Ambiente</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_las_Augas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de las Augas (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de las Augas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Banc%C3%A1rio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Bancário (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Bancário</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Can%C3%B3nico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Canónico (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Canónico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Cebil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Cebil (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Cebil</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_la_Fam%C3%ADlia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de la Família (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de la Família</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_las_Oubriga%C3%A7ones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de las Oubrigaçones (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de las Oubrigaçones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_las_Sucessones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de las Sucessones (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de las Sucessones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_las_Cousas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de las Cousas (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de las Cousas</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Eimobli%C3%A1rio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Eimobliário (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Eimobliário</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_l_Cunsemidor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de l Cunsemidor (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de l Cunsemidor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_l_nino_i_de_l_mo%C3%A7o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de l nino i de l moço (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de l nino i de l moço</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Custitucional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Custitucional (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Custitucional</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_l_Stado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de l Stado (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de l Stado</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_%C3%87portibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Çportibo (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Çportibo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Eiquen%C3%B3mico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Eiquenómico (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Eiquenómico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Eileitoral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Eileitoral (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Eileitoral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Comercial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Comercial (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Comercial</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Sociat%C3%A1rio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Sociatário (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Sociatário</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Mar%C3%ADtimo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Marítimo (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Marítimo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Financeiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Financeiro (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Financeiro</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Fiscal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Fiscal (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Tribut%C3%A1rio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Tributário (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Tributário</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreitos_Houmanos" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreitos Houmanos">Dreitos Houmanos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_la_Anform%C3%A1tica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de la Anformática (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de la Anformática</a></li></ul> </td> <td width="50%" valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Anternacional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Anternacional (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Anternacional</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_quemunit%C3%A1rio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito quemunitário (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito quemunitário</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_la_Ounion_Ouropeia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de la Ounion Ouropeia (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de la Ounion Ouropeia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Anternacional_Penal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Anternacional Penal (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Anternacional Penal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Anternacional_Pribado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Anternacional Pribado (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Anternacional Pribado</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Judici%C3%A1rio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Judiciário (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Judiciário</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_Eisecu%C3%A7on_Penal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de Eisecuçon Penal (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de Eisecuçon Penal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_Eisecu%C3%A7on_Cebil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de Eisecuçon Cebil (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de Eisecuçon Cebil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_Eisecu%C3%A7on_Fiscal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de Eisecuçon Fiscal (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de Eisecuçon Fiscal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Melitar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Melitar (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Melitar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Penal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Penal (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Penal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Porcessual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Porcessual (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Porcessual</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorie_Giral_de_l_Porcesso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorie Giral de l Porcesso (la páigina nun eisiste)">Teorie Giral de l Porcesso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Porcessual_Cebil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Porcessual Cebil (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Porcessual Cebil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Porcessual_Penal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Porcessual Penal (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Porcessual Penal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Porcessual_de_l_Trabalho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Porcessual de l Trabalho (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Porcessual de l Trabalho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_la_Porpiadade_Anteletual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de la Porpiadade Anteletual (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de la Porpiadade Anteletual</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_Outor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de Outor (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de Outor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_l_Registro_i_Notariado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de l Registro i Notariado (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de l Registro i Notariado</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Sanit%C3%A1rio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Sanitário (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Sanitário</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_ls_Siguros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de ls Siguros (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de ls Siguros</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_la_Siguran%C3%A7a_Social&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de la Sigurança Social (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de la Sigurança Social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_l_Trabalho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de l Trabalho (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de l Trabalho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Ourban%C3%ADstico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Ourbanístico (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Ourbanístico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_de_l_Balores_Mobli%C3%A1rios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito de l Balores Mobliários (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito de l Balores Mobliários</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stória"><span id="St.C3.B3ria"></span>Stória</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Eiditar cacho: Stória" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Stória"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ber artigo percipal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C3%B3ria_de_l_dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stória de l dreito (la páigina nun eisiste)">Stória de l dreito</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fexeiro:Milkau_Oberer_Teil_der_Stele_mit_dem_Text_von_Hammurapis_Gesetzescode_369-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Milkau_Oberer_Teil_der_Stele_mit_dem_Text_von_Hammurapis_Gesetzescode_369-2.jpg/220px-Milkau_Oberer_Teil_der_Stele_mit_dem_Text_von_Hammurapis_Gesetzescode_369-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Milkau_Oberer_Teil_der_Stele_mit_dem_Text_von_Hammurapis_Gesetzescode_369-2.jpg/330px-Milkau_Oberer_Teil_der_Stele_mit_dem_Text_von_Hammurapis_Gesetzescode_369-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Milkau_Oberer_Teil_der_Stele_mit_dem_Text_von_Hammurapis_Gesetzescode_369-2.jpg/440px-Milkau_Oberer_Teil_der_Stele_mit_dem_Text_von_Hammurapis_Gesetzescode_369-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption>Parte superior de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stela (la páigina nun eisiste)">stela</a> de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3digo_de_Hamur%C3%A1bi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Código de Hamurábi (la páigina nun eisiste)">Código de Hamurábi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>La <a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C3%B3ria_de_l_dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stória de l dreito (la páigina nun eisiste)">stória de l dreito</a> stá lhigada al zambolbimiento de las ceblizaçones. L dreito de l <a href="/wiki/Antigo_Eigito" title="Antigo Eigito">antigo Eigito</a>, que ben de pul menos <a href="/w/index.php?title=3000_a.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3000 a.C. (la páigina nun eisiste)">3000 a.C.</a>, tenie ua cumpilaçon de leis cebiles, probablemiente debedida an duoze lhibros, que assentaba ne l cunceito de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%27at&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma'at (la páigina nun eisiste)">Ma'at</a> i se caratelizaba pula tradiçon, pula retórica, pula eigualdade social i pula amparcialidade. Arrimado a <a href="/w/index.php?title=1760_a.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1760 a.C. (la páigina nun eisiste)">1760 a.C.</a>, l rei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamur%C3%A1bi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamurábi (la páigina nun eisiste)">Hamurábi</a> detreminou que l dreito <a href="/w/index.php?title=Babil%C3%B3nia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Babilónia (la páigina nun eisiste)">babilónio</a> fusse codeficado i screbido an piedra pa que l pobo podisse bé-lo ne l mercado: l chamado <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3digo_de_Hamur%C3%A1bi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Código de Hamurábi (la páigina nun eisiste)">Código de Hamurábi</a>. Neste causo, tal cumo l dreito eigício, poucas fuontes subrebibírun i muito se perdiu cul tiempo. La anfluença destes eisemplos jurídicos antigos nas ceblizaçones de apuis fui, antoce, pequeinha. L mais antigo cunjunto de leis inda amportante pa ls modernos sistemas de dreito ye probablemente la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tor%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torá (la páigina nun eisiste)">Torá</a> de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bielho_Te%C3%A7tamiento&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bielho Teçtamiento (la páigina nun eisiste)">Bielho Teçtamiento</a>. An forma de amperatibos morales, cumo ls <a href="/w/index.php?title=Die%C3%A7_Mandamientos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dieç Mandamientos (la páigina nun eisiste)">dieç Mandamientos</a>, cuntén recomendaçones pa ua buona sociadade. La antiga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cidade-Stado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cidade-Stado (la páigina nun eisiste)">cidade-Stado</a> griega de <a href="/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas">Atenas</a> fui la purmeira sociadade assente na lharga ancluson de ls sous cidadanos, nun cuntando culas mulhieres i ls scrabos. Anque Atenas nun tenga zambolbido ua ciéncia jurídica nin tubisse ua palabra pa l cunceito abstrato de "dreito", l antigo dreito griego cuntenie grandes einobaçones custitucionales ne l zambolbimento de la <a href="/wiki/Democracie" title="Democracie">democracie</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fexeiro:Code_Civil_1804.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Code_Civil_1804.png/220px-Code_Civil_1804.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Code_Civil_1804.png/330px-Code_Civil_1804.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Code_Civil_1804.png/440px-Code_Civil_1804.png 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>Purmeira páigina de la eidiçon oureginal (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1804&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1804 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1804</a>) de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3digo_de_Napoleon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Código de Napoleon (la páigina nun eisiste)">Código de Napoleon</a>, un de l purmeiros i mais anfluentes <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3digo_cebil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Código cebil (la páigina nun eisiste)">códigos cebiles</a> de la stória.</figcaption></figure> <p>L <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_romano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito romano (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito romano</a>, mui anfluenciado puls ansinamientos griegos, custitui la puonte antre las antigas spriéncias de l dreito i l mundo jurídico moderno. L dreito romano fui codeficado por orde de l Amperador <a href="/w/index.php?title=Justiniano_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justiniano I (la páigina nun eisiste)">Justiniano I</a>, l que resultou ne l <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corpus_Iuris_Ciblis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corpus Iuris Ciblis (la páigina nun eisiste)">Corpus Iuris Ciblis</a></i>. L coincimiento de l dreito romano perdiu-se na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ouropa_Oucidental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ouropa Oucidental (la páigina nun eisiste)">Ouropa Oucidental</a> durante la <a href="/wiki/Eidade_M%C3%A9dia" title="Eidade Média">Eidade Média</a>, mas fui outra beç çcubierto a partir de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seclo_XI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seclo XI (la páigina nun eisiste)">seclo XI</a>, quando juristas mediabales, apuis coincidos cumo "glosadores", ampeçórun a studar ls testos jurídicos romanos i a ousar ls sous cunceitos. Na <a href="/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra">Anglaterra</a> mediabal, ls juízes reales ampeçórun a zambolber un cunjunto de precedentes que benerie a tornar-se la <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common Law (la páigina nun eisiste)">Common Law</a></i>. Tamien se formou na Ouropa la <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_Mercatoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lex Mercatoria (la páigina nun eisiste)">Lex Mercatoria</a></i>, que premitie als mercadores comerciar cun base an práticas padronizadas. La <i>Lex Mercatoria</i>, precursora de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_comercial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito comercial (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito comercial</a> moderno, assentaba na lhibardade de cuntratar i na alienablidade de la propiadade. Quando l <a href="/wiki/Nacionalismo" title="Nacionalismo">nacionalismo</a> creciu ne ls <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seclo_XVIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seclo XVIII (la páigina nun eisiste)">seclos XVIII</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seclo_XIX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seclo XIX (la páigina nun eisiste)">XIX</a>, la <i>Lex Mercatoria</i> fui ancorporada ne l dreito anterno de ls países de l cuntinente an sous respetibos códigos cebiles. L <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3digo_de_Napoleon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Código de Napoleon (la páigina nun eisiste)">Código de Napoleon</a> i l <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3digo_Cebil_Alman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Código Cebil Alman (la páigina nun eisiste)">Código Cebil Alman</a> tornórun-se las leis cebiles más coincidas i anfluentes. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a> i la <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> antigas tenien tradiçones çtintas an matéria de dreito, cun scuolas jurídicas storicamente andependientes. L <i>Arthashastra</i>, de arrimado a <a href="/w/index.php?title=400_la.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="400 la.C. (la páigina nun eisiste)">400 la.C.</a>, i l <i>Manusmriti</i>, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=100&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="100 (la páigina nun eisiste)">100</a>, éran tratados anfluentes na Índia, cunsultados an questiones jurídicas. La <a href="/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie">filosofie</a> central de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manu (la páigina nun eisiste)">Manu</a>, toleráncia i pluralismo, spalhou-se pul sudeste de la Ásia. Esta tradiçon <a href="/wiki/Hindu%C3%ADsmo" title="Hinduísmo">hinduísta</a>, a la par cul dreito <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islan (la páigina nun eisiste)">muçulmano</a>, fui arrepassada pula <i>Common Law</i> quando la Índia se tornou parte de l <a href="/wiki/Amp%C3%A9rio_Brit%C3%A1nico" title="Ampério Británico">Ampério Británico</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A1sia" title="Malásia">Malásia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cingapura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cingapura (la páigina nun eisiste)">Cingapura</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hong Kong (la páigina nun eisiste)">Hong Kong</a> tamien l adotórun. La tradiçon jurídica de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leste_de_la_%C3%81sia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leste de la Ásia (la páigina nun eisiste)">leste de la Ásia</a> ten ua mistura special antre l relegioso i l secular. L <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a> fui l purmeiro paíç de la ária a modernizar l sou sistema jurídico cunsante l eisemplo oucidental, al amportar partes de ls códigos cebiles francés i alman. De l mesmo modo, l dreito chino tradecional fui modernizado cunsante l padron oucidental ne ls anhos finales de l.ª <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastie_Qing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastie Qing (la páigina nun eisiste)">dinastie Qing</a>, na forma de seis códigos de dreito pribado assentes ne l modelo japonés de l dreito Alman. L dreito de la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_de_la_China" class="mw-redirect" title="República Popular de la China">República Popular de la China</a> sufriu fuorte anfluença de l dreito socialista <a href="/w/index.php?title=URSS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="URSS (la páigina nun eisiste)">sobiético</a>, que le dá ua amportança eissenial al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_admenistratibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito admenistratibo (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito admenistratibo</a> i dando pouca amportança al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_pribado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito pribado (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito pribado</a>. Hoije, antretanto, la China ten pormobido reformas na sue orde jurídica, al menos ne l que ten a ber culs dreitos eiquenómicos, cumo ne l causo de l nuobo código de cuntratos de <a href="/w/index.php?title=1999&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 (la páigina nun eisiste)">1999</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L_papel_de_l_Stado">L papel de l Stado</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Eiditar cacho: L papel de l Stado" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: L papel de l Stado"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La sociadade <a href="/wiki/Eidade_M%C3%A9dia" title="Eidade Média">mediabal</a> tenie ua dibersidade de agrupamentos sociales, cada un cun ua orde jurídica própia, local. Na alta Eidade Média, l dreito nun era criado pul <a href="/wiki/Stado" title="Stado">Stado</a> (que inda nun eisistie an sentido moderno), mas pula <a href="/wiki/Sociadade" title="Sociadade">sociadade</a> cebil, por meio de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Questume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Questume (la páigina nun eisiste)">questume jurídico</a>, que ben a ser un tipo de cunsenso manifestado pul pobo quanto a ua cierta cunduta social, ó até mesmo cul recurso a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eiquidade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiquidade (la páigina nun eisiste)">eiquidade</a>. Cula formaçon de l Stado moderno, este cuncentrou todos ls poderes de la sociadade, cumo l de criar l dreito cun sclusibidade (seia diretamente, por meio de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lei (la páigina nun eisiste)">lei</a>, seia pul recoincimento i cuntrolo de las outras <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuontes_de_dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuontes de dreito (la páigina nun eisiste)">fuontes de dreito</a>). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norberto_Bobbio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norberto Bobbio (la páigina nun eisiste)">Bobbio</a> chama este porcesso de monopolizaçon de la perduçon jurídica por parte de l Stado.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apuis de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eidade_Moderna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eidade Moderna (la páigina nun eisiste)">Eidade Moderna</a>, antoce, ls cunceitos de dreito i de Stado cunfúnden-se, pus se este redadeiro ye stabelecido i rigulado pul dreito (cumo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pessona_jur%C3%ADdica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pessona jurídica (la páigina nun eisiste)">pessona jurídica</a> de <a href="/wiki/Dreito_p%C3%BAblico" title="Dreito público">dreito público</a>), l purmeiro passa a ser ditado i ampuosto pul Stado. A la cunsolidaçon de l Stado moderno correspunde l debagaroso fortalecimiento de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_positibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito positibo (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito positibo</a> (puosto pul Stado), contra l chamado <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_natural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito natural (la páigina nun eisiste)">dreito natural</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teorie_de_l_dreito">Teorie de l dreito</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Eiditar cacho: Teorie de l dreito" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Teorie de l dreito"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scuolas">Scuolas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Eiditar cacho: Scuolas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Scuolas"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Scuola de Biena: diç que l Stado ye la personificaçon de la Orde Jurídica.</li> <li>Scuola Almanha: supremacie de l Stado subre l Dreito.</li> <li>Scuola de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_natural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito natural (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Natural</a>: surgiu antre ls seclos XVII i XVIII, i diç que l Dreito ye natural al ser houmano, algo einato i ounibersal.</li> <li>Scuola Stórica de Savigny: apersenta ua bison stórica de l Dreito.</li> <li>Teorie de l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_debino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito debino (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Debino</a>: segundo la qual, las leis houmanas son de anspiraçon debina.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Famílias_de_l_dreito"><span id="Fam.C3.ADlias_de_l_dreito"></span>Famílias de l dreito</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Eiditar cacho: Famílias de l dreito" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Famílias de l dreito"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ber artigo percipal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_cumparado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito cumparado (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito cumparado</a></div> <p>Hai que defrençar dous tipos básicos de sistemas jurídicos, dues "famílias de dreitos": l dreito anglo-saxónico ó "common-law" — quier dezir, ls sistemas jurídicos própios de <a href="/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra">Anglaterra</a>, de ls <a href="/wiki/Stados_Ounidos_de_la_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Stados Ounidos de la América">Stados Ounidos</a> i de las outras ex-quelónias anglesas — i l dreito cuntinental ó romano-germánico, l "civil law", própio de ls países <a href="/wiki/Ouropa" title="Ouropa">ouropeus</a> cuntinentales i de las sues ex-quelónias. Todos ls sistemas jurídicos de países de lhéngua oufecial <a href="/wiki/Lh%C3%A9ngua_pertuesa" title="Lhéngua pertuesa">pertuesa</a> pertenécen a la família romano-germánica. </p><p>Na "common-law", l juiç julga subretodo cun assento an decisones anteriores de ls própios <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribunal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribunal (la páigina nun eisiste)">tribunales</a>, ls chamados <i>precedentes</i>, que son binculatibos. La legislaçon ye pouca. Ne ls sistemas cuntinentales, la percipal fuonte de l dreito ye la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lei (la páigina nun eisiste)">lei</a>, la legislaçon feita puls <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamiento&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parlamiento (la páigina nun eisiste)">parlamientos</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gobierno" title="Gobierno">gobiernos</a>. Las decisones de ls tribunales superiores nun bincúlan pa causos feturos. Mas hai eiceçones, las chamadas "súmulas binculantes" brasileiras i ls "assentos" pertueses son desso eisemplo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outros_temas_de_teorie_de_l_dreito">Outros temas de teorie de l dreito</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Eiditar cacho: Outros temas de teorie de l dreito" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit&section=14" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Outros temas de teorie de l dreito"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Studo filosófico ó social de l dreito. </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorie_Giral_de_l_Dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorie Giral de l Dreito (la páigina nun eisiste)">Teorie Giral de l Dreito</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosofie_de_l_Dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosofie de l Dreito (la páigina nun eisiste)">Filosofie de l Dreito</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C3%B3ria_de_l_Dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stória de l Dreito (la páigina nun eisiste)">Stória de l Dreito</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociologie_de_l_Dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociologie de l Dreito (la páigina nun eisiste)">Sociologie de l Dreito</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologie_de_l_Dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologie de l Dreito (la páigina nun eisiste)">Antropologie de l Dreito</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heirmen%C3%A9utica_Jur%C3%ADdica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heirmenéutica Jurídica (la páigina nun eisiste)">Heirmenéutica Jurídica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_Cumparado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito Cumparado (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito Cumparado</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_and_Eiconomics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law and Eiconomics (la páigina nun eisiste)">Law and Eiconomics</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_i_Lhiteratura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito i Lhiteratura (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito i Lhiteratura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito_i_Moral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreito i Moral (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreito i Moral</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Critical_Legal_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Critical Legal Studies (la páigina nun eisiste)">Critical Legal Studies</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Refréncias"><span id="Refr.C3.A9ncias"></span>Refréncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Eiditar cacho: Refréncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit&section=15" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Refréncias"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/right">Wiktionary, palabra "right"</a>, bisto an 08/08/2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dicionário Houaiss, berbete "jur-".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anciclopédia Mirador Internacional, palabra "dreito".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ferraç Junior, 4.2.5.3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B3teles" title="Aristóteles">Aristóteles</a>, "<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tica_a_Nic%C3%B3maco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ética a Nicómaco (la páigina nun eisiste)">Ética a Nicómaco</a>", Libro V, capítulo VII, <i>apud</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norberto_Bobbio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norberto Bobbio (la páigina nun eisiste)">Bobbio</a>, antroducion.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Anstituiçones de Justiniano", <i>apud</i> Bobbio, antroducion.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Summa theologica", I, la II. ae, q. 90, <i>apud</i> Bobbio, antroduçon.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Gr%C3%B3cio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Grócio (la páigina nun eisiste)">Hugo Grócio</a>, "De jure belli ac pacis", 1, 10, <i>apud</i> Bobbio, antroduçon.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Caio Mario, 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Caio Mario, 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulpiano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulpiano (la páigina nun eisiste)">Ulpiano</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Digesto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digesto (la páigina nun eisiste)">Digesto</a>, 1.1.1.2.: <i>Publicum jus est quod ad statun rei romanae spetat, pribatun, quod ad singulorun utelitatem</i> ("l dreito público diç respeito al stado de la cousa romana, l pribado a la outelidade de ls particulares"), cun assento na çtinçon antre ls antresses particulares, antre dues ó más pessonas, i ls antresses públicos, que son relatibos al <a href="/wiki/Stado" title="Stado">Stado</a> i a la <a href="/wiki/Sociadade" title="Sociadade">sociadade</a> i que merécen tener posiçon pribeligiada.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bobbio, capítulo I.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ber_tamien">Ber tamien</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Eiditar cacho: Ber tamien" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eiditar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreito&action=edit&section=16" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ber tamien"><span>eiditar código-fuonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modelo:Portal-dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modelo:Portal-dreito (la páigina nun eisiste)">Modelo:Portal-dreito</a> </p> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 2px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"><div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fexeiro:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikiquote"><img alt="Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/38px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/50px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>Wikiquote</figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">L <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiquote&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiquote (la páigina nun eisiste)">Wikiquote</a> ten ua coleçon de citaçones de ó subre: <i><b><a href="https://mwl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Dreito" class="extiw" title="q:Dreito">Dreito</a></b></i>.</div></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreitos_difusos,_coletibos,_andebiduales_i_houmog%C3%A9neos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreitos difusos, coletibos, andebiduales i houmogéneos (la páigina nun eisiste)">Dreitos difusos, coletibos, andebiduales i houmogéneos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ourganiza%C3%A7on_Judici%C3%A1ria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ourganizaçon Judiciária (la páigina nun eisiste)">Ourganizaçon Judiciária</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abogado" title="Abogado">Abogado</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TB_Dreito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TB Dreito (la páigina nun eisiste)">TB Dreito</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurisprud%C3%A9ncia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurisprudéncia (la páigina nun eisiste)">Jurisprudéncia</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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