Physical Measurement Laboratory

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</div>  <div class="nist-block nist-social__wrapper--block"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Connect with us</h2> <div><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121232918/https://service.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new?topic_id=USNIST_187" class="nist-social nist-social--envelope" title="GovDelivery"><span>GovDelivery</span></a></div> </div>  </div> </aside> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8 desktop-lg:grid-col-9"> <div class="nist-block"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--hero paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-hero grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-6 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/01/measuring-light-reflection-and-transmission"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2021/12/10/upgraded-transmittance-calibration-system.jpg?itok=ENfNxIcn 1x, /web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2021/12/10/upgraded-transmittance-calibration-system.jpg?itok=HQasONMl 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2021/12/10/upgraded-transmittance-calibration-system.jpg?itok=GFLpsZzH 1x, /web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2021/12/10/upgraded-transmittance-calibration-system.jpg?itok=ENfNxIcn 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2021/12/10/upgraded-transmittance-calibration-system.jpg?itok=ENfNxIcn" alt="upgraded transmittance calibration system" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/01/measuring-light-reflection-and-transmission"> <div class="text">Measuring Up: Light reflection and transmission</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-6 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/12/sneezes-rain-clouds-and-ink-jets-nist-improves-ability-optical-microscopes"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2021/12/20/microdroplets_final%20copy.jpg?itok=GPXPFsiT 1x, /web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2021/12/20/microdroplets_final%20copy.jpg?itok=NWkvT6bu 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2021/12/20/microdroplets_final%20copy.jpg?itok=FMuJOFgj 1x, /web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2021/12/20/microdroplets_final%20copy.jpg?itok=GPXPFsiT 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2021/12/20/microdroplets_final%20copy.jpg?itok=GPXPFsiT" alt="microdroplets illustration" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/12/sneezes-rain-clouds-and-ink-jets-nist-improves-ability-optical-microscopes"> <div class="text">Sneezes, Rain Clouds and Ink Jets</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-content-row nist-content-row--width-legible paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block text-long"><div class="nist-callout"> <h2>Notice:</h2> <p>Beginning November 15, 2021, WWV and WWVH will be broadcasting a test signal on minute 8 of each hour on WWV, and minute 48 on WWVH. This signal has been created to assist in ionospheric research, and is a joint effort of the Ham Radio Citizen Science Investigation (HamSCI) and NIST. The signal consists of various tones, chirps, and Gaussian noise bursts. The signal may be modified occasionally. For more information on HamSCI and the WWV/WWVH project, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="78cf6d91-56f1-4a3f-a757-1dff313f1ac9" href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services/wwvwwvh-scientific-modulation-working-group" title="WWV/WWVH Scientific Modulation Working Group">click here</a>.</p> </div></div> </div> <div class="nist-content-row nist-content-row--width-legible paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block text-long"><h2 class="nist-block__title">SI Redefinition</h2> <figure class="align-right nist-image--lightbox nist-image" data-lightbox="https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2018/09/11/si_illustration_constants_colour_full.png?itok=1uxkMqg0" data-media-id="463081"><img alt="Outer circle has one wedge for each of the 7 SI units (kilogram, meter, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela) and the inner circle has wedges for the 7 important constants. " height="220" loading="lazy" src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/220_x_220_limit/public/images/2018/09/11/si_illustration_constants_colour_full.png?itok=bUaV9cts" typeof="foaf:Image" width="220"><figcaption class="nist-image__caption"><div class="nist-image__caption-content" data-caption-editable="true"> </div> <div class="nist-image__credit"> <span class="nist-image__credit-label">Credit:</span> BIPM </div> </figcaption></figure><p>On May 20, 2019, the world metrology community dramatically redefined four of the seven base units of the International System of Units (SI), with the result that for the first time each unit is based on a fixed value of a fundamental constant of nature. Years of PML advances at the frontier of measurement science were critical to that outcome.</p> <p>Learn more about these efforts at the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/pml/si-redefinition-portal">SI Redefinition Portal</a>.</p></div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">News and Updates</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-5abc1d31feb26cb103d2c066cfe9bcb29dba0a690d35052ac49297a74e7b8e69"> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2022/01/measuring-light-reflection-and-transmission" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/01/measuring-light-reflection-and-transmission" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/12/10/heather-patrick-rosi.png?itok=IsWcqSq9" width="91" height="100" alt="Heather Patrick" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/01/measuring-light-reflection-and-transmission"><span property="schema:name">Measuring Up: Light reflection and transmission</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2022-01-04T12:00:00Z">January 4, 2022</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary">The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently completed major upgrades to two key instruments serving critical national needs: measuring</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2022/01/when-atoms-dont-blend" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/01/when-atoms-dont-blend" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/01/03/ions_smooth_mbl.jpg?itok=UicM7Swr" width="100" height="55" alt="atomic ions illustration" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/01/when-atoms-dont-blend"><span property="schema:name">When Atoms Don’t Blend In</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2022-01-03T12:00:00Z">January 3, 2022</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary">Researchers from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and colleagues at the Joint Quantum Institute (JQI) have prepared and controlled a</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2021/12/sneezes-rain-clouds-and-ink-jets-nist-improves-ability-optical-microscopes" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/12/sneezes-rain-clouds-and-ink-jets-nist-improves-ability-optical-microscopes" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/12/20/microdroplets_final%20copy.jpg?itok=Xr_JnIbm" width="78" height="100" alt="microdroplets illustration" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/12/sneezes-rain-clouds-and-ink-jets-nist-improves-ability-optical-microscopes"><span property="schema:name">Sneezes, Rain Clouds and Ink Jets: NIST Improves the Ability of Optical Microscopes to Measure the Volume of Microdroplets</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2021-12-20T12:00:00Z">December 20, 2021</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary">Sneezes, rain clouds, and ink jet printers: They all produce or contain liquid droplets so tiny it would take several billion of them to fill a liter bottle</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2021/12/updates-fundamental-constants-reflect-redefinition-international-system" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/12/updates-fundamental-constants-reflect-redefinition-international-system"><span property="schema:name">Updates to Fundamental Constants Reflect Redefinition of International System of Units</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2021-12-16T12:00:00Z">December 16, 2021</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary">The CODATA Task Group on Fundamental Constants recently produced its 2018 update of a self-consistent set of internationally recommended values of the basic</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news-updates/org/5651">View All News and Updates</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Events</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-70ffec48f13f2d10fb8c5b8dabeffa6ea59c2679146d791953b4191766558695"> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/events/2022/01/5768-weights-and-measures-inspections-evidence-search-and-seizure-and-due" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2022/01/5768-weights-and-measures-inspections-evidence-search-and-seizure-and-due"><span>5768 Weights and Measures Inspections - Evidence, Search and Seizure, and Due Process</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="smartdate">Tue, Jan 25 2022, 11:00am - 1:30pm EST</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">This 2.5 hour webinar will provide an overview on how the U.S. Constitution, the Bill of Rights, Laws, and Court</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/events/2022/01/5769-nist-handbook-133-overview-handbook-133" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2022/01/5769-nist-handbook-133-overview-handbook-133"><span>5769 NIST Handbook 133 - Overview of Handbook 133</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="smartdate">Thu, Jan 27 2022, 11:00am - 1:30pm EST</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">This 2.5-hour webinar provides a complete overview of NIST Handbook 133, "Checking the Net Contents of Packaged Goods"</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/events/2022/01/5786-fundamentals-metrology" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2022/01/5786-fundamentals-metrology"><span>5786 Fundamentals of Metrology</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="smartdate">Mon, Jan 31 - Fri, Feb 4 2022</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">The 5-day Fundamentals of Metrology seminar introduces participants to the concepts of measurement systems, units</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/events/2022/02/5787-volume-metrology-seminar" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2022/02/5787-volume-metrology-seminar"><span>5787 Volume Metrology Seminar</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="smartdate">Mon, Feb 7 - Fri, Feb 11 2022</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">The 5-day OWM Volume Metrology Seminar is designed to enable metrologists to apply fundamental measurement concepts to</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/upcoming-events/org/5651">View All Events</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Industry Impacts</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-0954ac30a67123ca314789380ee56ac10b503c71e4a4681c122f72009e061e60"> <div> <article role="article" about="/industry-impacts/fare-standards-rideshare-services" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/industry-impacts/fare-standards-rideshare-services" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2018/06/20/shutterstock_180328934_cars-at-night-city_cpyrt_view-apart_shutterstock.jpg?itok=F6KuZ2d1" width="100" height="54" alt="A streaked image of a taxi and a dark car driving in Times Square, New York City street at night." loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/industry-impacts/fare-standards-rideshare-services"><span>Fare Standards for Rideshare Services</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">To calculate fares, app-based ride services such as Lyft and Uber don’t use traditional taxi meters, but instead combine data from GPS and cellular networks to</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/industry-impacts/nanolithography-design-tools" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/industry-impacts/nanolithography-design-tools" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2018/03/19/nanolithography_toolbox_shapes.png?itok=Gqk-fnMm" width="96" height="100" alt="Illustrative subset of parameterized shapes available for nanoscale photonic, electronic, mechanic, fluidic, and other applications." loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/industry-impacts/nanolithography-design-tools"><span>Nanolithography Design Tools</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">Accurate production of nanoscale features on semiconductor chips is essential to their performance, but typical design tools cater to the dominance of straight</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/industry-impacts/high-power-lasers-manufacturing" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/industry-impacts/high-power-lasers-manufacturing" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2018/01/18/cropped_rppm.png?itok=VffXvpH9" width="100" height="95" alt="Image of a radiation pressure power meter" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/industry-impacts/high-power-lasers-manufacturing"><span>High-Power Lasers for Manufacturing </span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">Measuring the intensity of high-power lasers used by manufacturers for precision cutting and welding can be difficult due to large instrumentation challenges</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/industry-impacts/brain-mapping-technologies" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/industry-impacts/brain-mapping-technologies" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2016/11/20/brain_sensor.jpg?itok=OZ3z2wNY" width="100" height="80" alt="atom-based magnetic sensor" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/industry-impacts/brain-mapping-technologies"><span>Brain Mapping Technologies</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">Magnetic signals produced by electrical currents in the brain can be used to map brain processes and help in the diagnosis and treatment of disease</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/industry-impacts">View All NIST Industry Impacts</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--content-list paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Awards</div> </h2> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-hidden entity-reference"> <div class="nist-field__items"> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/about-us/nist-awards/2022-spie-george-w-goddard-award-space-and-airborne-optics-michelle-stephens" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/about-us/nist-awards/2022-spie-george-w-goddard-award-space-and-airborne-optics-michelle-stephens"><span>2022 SPIE George W. Goddard Award in Space and Airborne Optics - Michelle Stephens</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long">Michelle Stephens receives the 2022 SPIE George W. Goddard Award in Space and Airborne Optics in recognition of technical innovation</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/about-us/nist-awards/physics-world-2021-breakthrough-year" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/about-us/nist-awards/physics-world-2021-breakthrough-year" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/04/27/21PML003_NIST_entanglement2.png?itok=xFHLgHeC" width="100" height="69" alt="Gray ovals on blue background are linked to curved gray lines. " loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/about-us/nist-awards/physics-world-2021-breakthrough-year"><span>Physics World 2021 Breakthrough of the Year</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long">The Physics World 2021 Breakthrough of the Year goes to two independent teams for entangling two macroscopic vibrating drumheads, thereby</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/about-us/nist-awards/2022-herbert-walther-prize-jun-ye" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/about-us/nist-awards/2022-herbert-walther-prize-jun-ye" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/11/19/jun-ye-jila.jpg?itok=uP5Cl5DX" width="82" height="100" alt="Jun Ye" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/about-us/nist-awards/2022-herbert-walther-prize-jun-ye"><span>2022 Herbert Walther Prize - Jun Ye</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long">For an extensive body of work in optics, including ultra-stable lasers, ultra-cold polar molecules, ultra-high resolution spectroscopy, and</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/about-us/nist-awards/2022-breakthrough-prize-fundamental-physics-jun-ye" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/about-us/nist-awards/2022-breakthrough-prize-fundamental-physics-jun-ye" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/09/08/Jun_portrait2-formatted.jpg?itok=OiLIMcYG" width="100" height="67" alt="Jun Ye headshot" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/about-us/nist-awards/2022-breakthrough-prize-fundamental-physics-jun-ye"><span>2022 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics - Jun Ye</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long">Ye has been a physicist at JILA, a joint institute of NIST and the University of Colorado Boulder, for more than 20 years. The prize</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/about-us/nist-awards/2021-niels-bohr-institute-medal-honor-jun-ye" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/about-us/nist-awards/2021-niels-bohr-institute-medal-honor-jun-ye" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/11/08/medaljer1000_bund.jpg?itok=6SXBgh6-" width="100" height="49" alt="photo of the Niels Bohr Institute Medal of Honor" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/about-us/nist-awards/2021-niels-bohr-institute-medal-honor-jun-ye"><span>2021 Niels Bohr Institute Medal of Honor - Jun Ye</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long">Ye was awarded this honor due to his seminal and creative contributions to a remarkably wide range of subjects within Atomic, Molecular and</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/about-us/nist-awards/2021-aps-fellow-david-leibrandt" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/about-us/nist-awards/2021-aps-fellow-david-leibrandt" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/annual_award/colleague20choice20-leibrandt20david0_0.jpg?itok=V7VSB_YZ" width="100" height="67" alt="Leibrandt" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/about-us/nist-awards/2021-aps-fellow-david-leibrandt"><span>2021 APS Fellow - David Leibrandt</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long">For exceptional scientific creativity and leadership in designing and demonstrating a state-of-the-art trapped ion optical clock with the</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/about-us/nist-awards/2021-aps-fellow-alexander-kramida" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/about-us/nist-awards/2021-aps-fellow-alexander-kramida" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/userphotos/alexander_1298103_2.jpg?itok=0KU6q07_" width="82" height="100" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/about-us/nist-awards/2021-aps-fellow-alexander-kramida"><span>2021 APS Fellow - Alexander Kramida</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long">For developing highly effective methods for uncertainty quantification, and for the evaluation of atomic spectroscopic data and its</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="link-list"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/awards/org/5651">View All Awards</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Press Coverage</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-e2ab15745c68926c3f63c31f62f1627609ae8a1b965064f8f6f99a94592a0813"> <div> <article role="article" about="/press-coverage/quantum-entanglement-has-now-been-directly-observed-larger-macroscopic-scale" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/press-coverage/quantum-entanglement-has-now-been-directly-observed-larger-macroscopic-scale" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/04/27/21PML003_NIST_entanglement2.png?itok=xFHLgHeC" width="100" height="69" alt="Gray ovals on blue background are linked to curved gray lines. " loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/press-coverage/quantum-entanglement-has-now-been-directly-observed-larger-macroscopic-scale"><span>Quantum Entanglement Has Now Been Directly Observed at a Larger Macroscopic Scale</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="string">Science Alert</div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="datetime"><time datetime="2021-05-08T12:00:00Z">May 8, 2021</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">Quantum entanglement is the binding together of two particles or objects, even though they may be far apart – their respective properties are linked in a way</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/press-coverage/nist-team-directs-and-measures-quantum-drum-duet" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/press-coverage/nist-team-directs-and-measures-quantum-drum-duet" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/04/27/21PML003_NIST_entanglement2.png?itok=xFHLgHeC" width="100" height="69" alt="Gray ovals on blue background are linked to curved gray lines. " loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/press-coverage/nist-team-directs-and-measures-quantum-drum-duet"><span>NIST Team Directs and Measures Quantum Drum Duet</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="string">AFCEA International</div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="datetime"><time datetime="2021-05-06T12:00:00Z">May 6, 2021</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have “entangled” two small mechanical drums and precisely measured their linked quantum</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/press-coverage/frequency-comb-sniffs-out-cow-emissions" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/press-coverage/frequency-comb-sniffs-out-cow-emissions" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/04/05/AgricombApril2021.jpg?itok=eVLXXx71" width="100" height="63" alt="aerial image of the Manhattan, Kansas, feedlot" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/press-coverage/frequency-comb-sniffs-out-cow-emissions"><span>Frequency comb sniffs out cow emissions</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="string">optics.org</div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="datetime"><time datetime="2021-04-01T12:00:00Z">April 1, 2021</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">Field-deployed spectroscopy system able to monitor methane and ammonia to low concentrations with high precision.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/press-coverage/new-atomic-clocks-may-someday-redefine-length-second" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/press-coverage/new-atomic-clocks-may-someday-redefine-length-second" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2017/01/23/ytterbium_lattice_atomic_clock.jpg?itok=LwzGUf4w" width="100" height="66" alt="ytterbium lattice atomic clock" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/press-coverage/new-atomic-clocks-may-someday-redefine-length-second"><span>New Atomic Clocks May Someday Redefine the Length of a Second</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="string">Smithsonian Magazine</div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="datetime"><time datetime="2021-04-01T12:00:00Z">April 1, 2021</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">New experiments bring researchers one step closer to redefining the length of the second, reports Emily Conover for Science News.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Patents</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-8e611218eb08c340bef84e65b3527a2c1412eb58e9cbd08e02fe3ed5aaf70b74"> <div> <article role="article" about="/patents/communication-linker-communication-linking" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/03/11/pic%20for%2010%2C382%2C141.jpg?itok=2IghJP-2" width="100" height="56" alt="A timeline of long distance communication techniques" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/patents/communication-linker-communication-linking"><span>Communication Linker for Communication Linking</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline"> <div class="nist-field__label">NIST Inventors</div> Sergey Polyakov and Ivan Burenkov</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">Patent Description The US has the leading optical communication industry and one of the largest telecommunication markets. Our invention directly improves the underlying technology of the telecommunication infrastructure. Quantum Coherent Frequency Shift Keying (CFSK) receiver is a device that</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/patents/optical-phantom-producing-time-resolved-diffuse-reflectance-spectrum" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/patents/optical-phantom-producing-time-resolved-diffuse-reflectance-spectrum"><span>Optical Phantom for Producing a Time-Resolved Diffuse Reflectance Spectrum </span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline"> <div class="nist-field__label">NIST Inventors</div> Jeeseong C. Hwang</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">Patent Description Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and NIST jointly developed a concept for a waveform synthesizer which can generate a controlled waveform with several picosecond (ps) time resolution. In a light-diffusing material, characteristics of the time-of-flight distribution (e.g</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/patents/thermal-impedance-amplifier" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/03/11/pic%20for%2010%2C236%2C433.jpg?itok=lkJyQOlM" width="100" height="56" alt="Line drawing of the thermal impedance amplifier " loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/patents/thermal-impedance-amplifier"><span>Thermal Impedance Amplifier </span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline"> <div class="nist-field__label">NIST Inventors</div> Adam McCaughan, Varun Verma, Sonia Buckley and Sae Woo Nam</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">Patent Description Presently, superconducting electronics are being applied to areas such as computational backends for future quantum processors, high-performance supercomputing, and ultrafast digital signal processing. In all of these areas, data must be communicated between the superconducting</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/patents/optomechanical-reference" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img src="/web/20220121232918im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/03/11/pic%20for%2010%2C352%2C837.jpg?itok=UoKD4j60" width="100" height="75" alt="This image of a chart titled "How does it work" that describes the optomechanical reference. " loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/patents/optomechanical-reference"><span>Optomechanical Reference</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline"> <div class="nist-field__label">NIST Inventors</div> Gordon A. Shaw and Jacob Taylor</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">A mechanical sensor incorporating an optical cavity is used to provide a mass and/or force reference from a known or characterized circulating optical power in the optical cavity. The radiation pressure force in the optical cavity is used to actuate the mechanical sensor. The optical cavity in put</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/patents/org/5651">View All Patents</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-bottom"> <div class="nist-block nist-block--contact"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Contacts</h2> <div class="nist-contact"> <h3 class="nist-contact__heading">PML Director</h3> <ul class="nist-contact__items"> <li role="article" about="/people/james-g-kushmerick" class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"><a href="/web/20220121232918/https://www.nist.gov/people/james-g-kushmerick" title="View staff profile page">James G. 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