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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Francis_Higginson_Cabot" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Higginson Cabot">Francis Higginson Cabot</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Puritan minister. For the United States Navy admiral, see <a href="/wiki/Francis_J._Higginson" title="Francis J. Higginson">Francis J. Higginson</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Puritan minister in Colonial New England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Francis Higginson</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1588<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1630 (aged 41–42)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Salem, Massachusetts</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Cambridge" title="Jesus College, Cambridge">Jesus College, Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Minister</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Anne Herbert</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Higginson_(Puritan)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Higginson (Puritan)">John Higginson</a>, Francis Higginson</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Francis Higginson</b> (1588–1630) was an early <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> minister in Colonial <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, and the first minister of <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" title="Salem, Massachusetts">Salem, Massachusetts</a>. He was an ancestor of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wentworth_Higginson" title="Thomas Wentworth Higginson">Thomas Wentworth Higginson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Higginson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England">England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Higginson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The son of a minister, Francis Higginson received his B.A. degree from <a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Cambridge" title="Jesus College, Cambridge">Jesus College, Cambridge</a>, in 1610 and his M.A. in 1613.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 1615, he became minister at Claybrooke, one of the parishes of <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>, and acquired great influence as a preacher.<sup id="cite_ref-appletons_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appletons-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through his acquaintance with <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hildersham" title="Arthur Hildersham">Arthur Hildersham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hooker" title="Thomas Hooker">Thomas Hooker</a>, he became disenchanted with the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">church of England</a> and began to associate himself with Puritan congregations. Religion in England was still going through a very discordant time, especially when <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a> ascended the throne in 1625 and married a French Catholic Princess. Puritans in England were persecuted for their beliefs and practices with their ministers being forbidden to preach. Higginson left his parish, although he continued to preach occasionally in the pulpits of the church of England. He refused offers of many excellent well paying jobs on account of his opinions, and was supporting himself by preparing young men for the university. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expedition">Expedition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Higginson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Expedition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_Higginson.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_Higginson.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_Higginson.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_Higginson.svg/225px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_Higginson.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_Higginson.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Francis_Higginson.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of Francis Higginson</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1628, Higginson was invited to join the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Bay Company">Massachusetts Bay Company</a>, which he did. In 1629 the Company obtained a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Charter">Royal Charter</a> from <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a> to form a "plantation" in New England. Higginson and his <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> sympathizers were asked to lead the first expedition to <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> and establish preliminary settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-appletons_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appletons-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Higginson led a group of about 350 settlers (including many of his own congregation) on six ships from England to New England. Because of the ever-present pirate threat as well as the undeclared war with Spain all ships carried armament. The <i>Lyon's Whelp</i> and the "<i>Talbot</i>" left from <a href="/wiki/Yarmouth,_Isle_of_Wight" title="Yarmouth, Isle of Wight">Yarmouth, Isle of Wight</a> 11 May 1629 and arrived in Salem harbor 29 June 1629. The Higginson Fleet brought with them 115 head of cattle, as well as horses and mares, cows and oxen, 41 goats, some conies (<a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbits</a>), along with all the provisions needed for setting up households and surviving till they could get crops in. They would have to build their lodgings for the coming winter from scratch.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were some of the first settlers of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>, the main body who would start coming in 1630 on the <a href="/wiki/Winthrop_Fleet" title="Winthrop Fleet">Winthrop Fleet</a>. The Higginson Fleet set sail on the 1 May 1629, arriving in Salem harbor on the 24 June 1629, and was greeted by a small group of settlers, led by <a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">John Endecott</a>. </p><p>The ships in the fleet were:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Talbot</b> (carried 19 cannon) Capt. Benjamin Gonson/Ganson, whose family had long history with the Royal Navy, Sir Admiral Richard Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake. Long line of descendants.</li> <li><b>George Bonaventure</b> (carried 20 cannon)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lyon%27s_Whelp" title="Lyon's Whelp">Lyon's Whelp</a></b> (carried 40 planters + crew + 8 cannon)</li> <li><b>Four Sisters</b> (carried 14 cannon)</li> <li><b>Mayflower</b> (carried 14 guns); a different ship from the <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_(Plymouth_Colony)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim (Plymouth Colony)">Pilgrim's</a> <i>Mayflower</i></li> <li><b>Pilgrim</b> (small ship with 4 guns that carried supplies only)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salem">Salem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Higginson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Salem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Salem there were five houses besides <a href="/wiki/Great_House_(Cape_Ann)" title="Great House (Cape Ann)">Endecott's</a>. They had no trained minister, however, so Higginson and Samuel Skelton began conducting services immediately. Higginson drew up a confession of faith, which was assented to, on 6 August, by thirty persons. In the following winter, in the general sickness that ravaged the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>, he was attacked by a fever, which disabled him, and finally caused his death<sup id="cite_ref-appletons_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appletons-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the age of 43, leaving behind a widow and eight children. </p><p>He had married Anne Herbert (who died in 1640 or before) on 8 January 1616 at St Peter's, Nottingham.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their eldest son, <a href="/wiki/John_Higginson_(Puritan)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Higginson (Puritan)">John</a> (1616–1708), also trained for the ministry. He succeeded his father-in-law <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Whitfeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Whitfeld (page does not exist)">Henry Whitfeld</a> or Whitfield (1597-1687)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as minister at <a href="/wiki/Guilford,_Connecticut" title="Guilford, Connecticut">Guilford, Connecticut</a>, and served as pastor of Salem from 1659. Another son, Francis Higginson (1618–1673), returned to England and became vicar of Kirkby Stephen, Westmoreland, where he lived until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A portion of his diary was published in 1630 under the title, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hf9xAAAAMAAJ">New Englands Plantation, or a Short and True Description of the Commodities and Discommodities of that Country</a>. He also wrote an account of his voyage, which is preserved in <a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_(surname)" title="Hutchinson (surname)">Hutchinson</a>'s collection of papers.<sup id="cite_ref-appletons_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appletons-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Higginson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edelstein, Tilden G., <i>Strange Enthusiasm: A Life of Thomas Wentworth Higginson</i>, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1968, pp. 3, 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFACADHGN602F" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=HGN602F&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50">"Higginson, Francis (HGN602F)"</a>. <i>A Cambridge Alumni Database</i>. University of Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Higginson%2C+Francis+%28HGN602F%29&rft.btitle=A+Cambridge+Alumni+Database&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvenn.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsearch-2018.pl%3Fsur%3D%26suro%3Dw%26fir%3D%26firo%3Dc%26cit%3D%26cito%3Dc%26c%3Dall%26z%3Dall%26tex%3DHGN602F%26sye%3D%26eye%3D%26col%3Dall%26maxcount%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Higginson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-appletons-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-appletons_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-appletons_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-appletons_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-appletons_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonFiske1892" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Grant_Wilson" title="James Grant Wilson">Wilson, J. G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Fiske_(philosopher)" title="John Fiske (philosopher)">Fiske, J.</a>, eds. (1892). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Higginson, Francis"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Higginson,_Francis">"Higginson, Francis" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a></i>. New York: D. Appleton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Higginson%2C+Francis&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1892&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Higginson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHigginson1891" class="citation book cs1">Higginson, Thomas (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifefrancishigg01higggoog"><i>Life of Francis Higginson, First Minister in the Massachusetts Bay Colony</i></a>. New York: Dodd, Mead, & Co<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Francis+Higginson%2C+First+Minister+in+the+Massachusetts+Bay+Colony&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead%2C+%26+Co.&rft.date=1891&rft.aulast=Higginson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifefrancishigg01higggoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Higginson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190414220459/https://www.winthropsociety.com/doc_johnsmith.php"><i>The True Travels Adventures and Observations of Captain John Smith in Europe, Asia, Africa and America</i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winthropsociety.com/doc_johnsmith.php">the original</a> on 2019-04-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+True+Travels+Adventures+and+Observations+of+Captain+John+Smith+in+Europe%2C+Asia%2C+Africa+and+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winthropsociety.com%2Fdoc_johnsmith.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrancis+Higginson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He married Sarah Whitfeld (1620-1675), see John Brooks Threlfall, <i>Fifty Great Migration Colonists to New England</i>, p. 517</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, articles for Francis Higginson and Henry Whitfeld</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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