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<button aria-controls="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Lanarkshire_coal_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Lanarkshire_coal_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The Lanarkshire coal lines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Lanarkshire_coal_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English_railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>English railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connecting_Scotland_and_London" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connecting_Scotland_and_London"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Connecting Scotland and London</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connecting_Scotland_and_London-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_main_line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_main_line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>The main line</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_main_line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_problems,_and_Greenock_amalgamation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_problems,_and_Greenock_amalgamation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Financial problems, and Greenock amalgamation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_problems,_and_Greenock_amalgamation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Lanarkshire:_mainly_mineral_traffic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Lanarkshire:_mainly_mineral_traffic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>South Lanarkshire: mainly mineral traffic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Lanarkshire:_mainly_mineral_traffic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Lanarkshire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Lanarkshire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>North Lanarkshire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Lanarkshire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Developing_the_network:_to_1880" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Developing_the_network:_to_1880"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Developing the network: to 1880</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Developing_the_network:_to_1880-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Developing the network: to 1880 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Developing_the_network:_to_1880-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Busby_and_East_Kilbride" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Busby_and_East_Kilbride"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Busby and East Kilbride</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Busby_and_East_Kilbride-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Branches_south_of_Carstairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Branches_south_of_Carstairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Branches south of Carstairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Branches_south_of_Carstairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glasgow_Central_station" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glasgow_Central_station"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Glasgow Central station</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glasgow_Central_station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extending_the_network_after_1880" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extending_the_network_after_1880"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Extending the network after 1880</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Extending_the_network_after_1880-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Extending the network after 1880 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Extending_the_network_after_1880-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Moffat_Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moffat_Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Moffat Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moffat_Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_Greenock_to_the_Firth_of_Clyde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_Greenock_to_the_Firth_of_Clyde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>From Greenock to the Firth of Clyde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_Greenock_to_the_Firth_of_Clyde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glasgow_and_Paisley_suburban_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glasgow_and_Paisley_suburban_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Glasgow and Paisley suburban lines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glasgow_and_Paisley_suburban_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Clydeside" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Clydeside"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>North Clydeside</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Clydeside-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Lanarkshire_and_Ayrshire_Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Lanarkshire_and_Ayrshire_Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>The Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Lanarkshire_and_Ayrshire_Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edinburgh_and_Lothians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edinburgh_and_Lothians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Edinburgh and Lothians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edinburgh_and_Lothians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stirling,_Perth,_Callander_and_Crieff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stirling,_Perth,_Callander_and_Crieff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Stirling, Perth, Callander and Crieff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stirling,_Perth,_Callander_and_Crieff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_and_east_of_Perth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_and_east_of_Perth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>North and east of Perth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_and_east_of_Perth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Callander_and_Oban_Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Callander_and_Oban_Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Callander and Oban Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Callander_and_Oban_Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Strathearn_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Strathearn_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>The Strathearn lines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Strathearn_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_accidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_accidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable accidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_accidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Office_holders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office_holders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Office holders</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Office_holders-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Office holders subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Office_holders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chairmen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chairmen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Chairmen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chairmen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chief_mechanical_engineers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_mechanical_engineers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Chief mechanical engineers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chief_mechanical_engineers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armorial_bearings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armorial_bearings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Armorial bearings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armorial_bearings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledonian_Railway" title="Caledonian Railway – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Caledonian Railway" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%89%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E9%89%84%E9%81%93" title="カレドニアン鉄道 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カレドニアン鉄道" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledonian_Railway" title="Caledonian Railway – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caledonian Railway" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledonian_Railway" title="Caledonian Railway – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caledonian Railway" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledonian_Railway" title="Caledonian Railway – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Caledonian Railway" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E6%9D%B1%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="加里東鐵路 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加里東鐵路" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British pre-grouping railway company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the historical Scottish railway company. For the modern preserved line, see <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Railway_(Brechin)" title="Caledonian Railway (Brechin)">Caledonian Railway (Brechin)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Caledonian Railway</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Caledonian_Railway_Coat_of_Arms_cleaned.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Caledonian_Railway_Coat_of_Arms_cleaned.jpg/200px-Caledonian_Railway_Coat_of_Arms_cleaned.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Caledonian_Railway_Coat_of_Arms_cleaned.jpg/300px-Caledonian_Railway_Coat_of_Arms_cleaned.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Caledonian_Railway_Coat_of_Arms_cleaned.jpg/400px-Caledonian_Railway_Coat_of_Arms_cleaned.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2264" data-file-height="2004" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Caledonian_Railway_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Map_of_Caledonian_Railway_1920.jpg/250px-Map_of_Caledonian_Railway_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Map_of_Caledonian_Railway_1920.jpg/375px-Map_of_Caledonian_Railway_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Map_of_Caledonian_Railway_1920.jpg/500px-Map_of_Caledonian_Railway_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1297" data-file-height="1887" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">1920 map of the railway</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates of operation</th><td class="infobox-data">1847<span class="noprint">; 177 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1847</span>)</span> –<br />1923<span class="noprint">; 101 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1923</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London,_Midland_and_Scottish_Railway" title="London, Midland and Scottish Railway">London, Midland and Scottish Railway</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Technical</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,435 mm</span>) <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">1,118 miles 13 chains (1,799.5 km) (1919)<sup id="cite_ref-RYB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RYB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Track length</th><td class="infobox-data">2,836 miles 66 chains (4,565.4 km) (1919)<sup id="cite_ref-RYB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RYB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Caledonian Railway</b> (<b>CR</b>) was a major Scottish railway company. It was formed in 1845 with the objective of forming a link between English railways and <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>. It progressively extended its network and reached <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>, with a dense network of branch lines in the area surrounding Glasgow. It was absorbed into the <a href="/wiki/London,_Midland_and_Scottish_Railway" title="London, Midland and Scottish Railway">London, Midland and Scottish Railway</a> in 1923. Many of its principal routes are still used, and the original main line between <a href="/wiki/Carlisle,_Cumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle, Cumbria">Carlisle</a> and Glasgow is in use as part of the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Main_Line" title="West Coast Main Line">West Coast Main Line</a> railway (with a modified entry into Glasgow itself). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Introduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CR_419_at_Bo%27ness.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/CR_419_at_Bo%27ness.jpg/220px-CR_419_at_Bo%27ness.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/CR_419_at_Bo%27ness.jpg/330px-CR_419_at_Bo%27ness.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/CR_419_at_Bo%27ness.jpg/440px-CR_419_at_Bo%27ness.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1385" /></a><figcaption>Caledonian <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Railway_439_Class" title="Caledonian Railway 439 Class">locomotive no. 419</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Bo%27ness_and_Kinneil_Railway" title="Bo'ness and Kinneil Railway">Bo'ness and Kinneil Railway</a> (formerly part of the North British Railway).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caledonian_Engineers_Saloon_No.41_(30704263396).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Caledonian_Engineers_Saloon_No.41_%2830704263396%29.jpg/220px-Caledonian_Engineers_Saloon_No.41_%2830704263396%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Caledonian_Engineers_Saloon_No.41_%2830704263396%29.jpg/330px-Caledonian_Engineers_Saloon_No.41_%2830704263396%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Caledonian_Engineers_Saloon_No.41_%2830704263396%29.jpg/440px-Caledonian_Engineers_Saloon_No.41_%2830704263396%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3759" data-file-height="2527" /></a><figcaption>Caledonian Engineers Saloon No. 41</figcaption></figure> <p>In the mid-1830s, railways in England evolved from local concerns to longer routes that connected cities, and then became networks. In Scotland it was clear that this was the way forward, and there was a desire to connect the <a href="/wiki/Central_Belt" title="Central Belt">Central Belt</a> to the incipient English network. There was controversy over the route that such a line might take, but the Caledonian Railway was formed on 31 July 1845 and it opened its main line between <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a> in 1848, making an alliance with the English <a href="/wiki/London_and_North_Western_Railway" title="London and North Western Railway">London and North Western Railway</a> which connected Carlisle to the <a href="/wiki/English_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="English Midlands">English Midlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. In the obituary of the engineer Richard Price-Williams written in 1916 the contractor of the Caledonian Railway is stated to be <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brassey" title="Thomas Brassey">Thomas Brassey</a> and the civil engineer <a href="/wiki/George_Heald" title="George Heald">George Heald</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the company was supported by Scottish investors, more than half of its shares were held in England.<sup id="cite_ref-robertson_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robertson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Establishing itself as an intercity and cross-border railway, the Caledonian set about securing territory by leasing other authorised or newly built lines, and fierce competition developed with other, larger Scottish railways, particularly the <a href="/wiki/North_British_Railway" title="North British Railway">North British Railway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_and_South_Western_Railway" title="Glasgow and South Western Railway">Glasgow and South Western Railway</a>. The company established primacy in some areas, but remained less than successful in others; considerable sums were expended in the process, not always finding the approval of shareholders. </p><p>A considerable <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamer</a> passenger traffic developed on the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Clyde" title="Firth of Clyde">Firth of Clyde</a> serving island resorts, and fast boat trains were run from Glasgow to steamer piers; the company was refused permission to operate its own steamers, and it formed a partnership with a nominally independent, but friendly, operator, the <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Steam_Packet_Company" title="Caledonian Steam Packet Company">Caledonian Steam Packet Company</a>. </p><p>In 1923 the railways of Great Britain were "grouped" under the <a href="/wiki/Railways_Act_1921" title="Railways Act 1921">Railways Act 1921</a> and the Caledonian Railway was a constituent of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/London_Midland_and_Scottish_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="London Midland and Scottish Railway">London Midland and Scottish Railway</a>; its capitalisation at that time was £57 million (equivalent to £4.11 billion today),<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it had a single-track mileage of 2,827 miles (4,550 km). </p><p>It extended from <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a> to <a href="/wiki/Portpatrick" title="Portpatrick">Portpatrick</a>, and from <a href="/wiki/Oban" title="Oban">Oban</a> to <a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a>, running express passenger services and a heavy mineral traffic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Caledonian_Railway_(until_1850)" title="History of the Caledonian Railway (until 1850)">History of the Caledonian Railway (until 1850)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Lanarkshire_coal_lines">The Lanarkshire coal lines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Lanarkshire coal lines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the closing years of the 18th century, the pressing need to bring coal cheaply to Glasgow from the plentiful <a href="/wiki/Monklands_(district)" title="Monklands (district)">Monklands</a> coalfield had been met by the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Monkland_Canal" title="Monkland Canal">Monkland Canal</a>, opened throughout in 1794.<sup id="cite_ref-monklandcanal1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monklandcanal1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-monklandcanal2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monklandcanal2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This encouraged development of the coalfield, but dissatisfaction at the monopoly prices said to be exacted by the canal led to the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Monkland_and_Kirkintilloch_Railway" title="Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway">Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway</a> (M&KR), Scotland's first public railway; it opened in 1826. Development of the use of blackband <a href="/wiki/Ironstone" title="Ironstone">ironstone</a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Mushet" title="David Mushet">David Mushet</a>, and the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Hot_blast" title="Hot blast">hot blast</a> process of <a href="/wiki/Iron_smelting" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron smelting">iron smelting</a> by James Beaumont Neilson in 1828, led to a huge and rapid increase in iron production and demand for <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a> and coal in the <a href="/wiki/Coatbridge" title="Coatbridge">Coatbridge</a> area. </p><p>The industrial development led to the construction of other railways contiguous with the M&KR, in particular the <a href="/wiki/Garnkirk_and_Glasgow_Railway" title="Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway">Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wishaw_and_Coltness_Railway" title="Wishaw and Coltness Railway">Wishaw and Coltness Railway</a>. These two lines worked in harmony, merging to form the Glasgow, Garnkirk and Coatbridge Railway in 1841, and competing with the M&KR and its allies. All these lines used the local track gauge of <span class="nowrap">4 ft 6 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,372 mm</span>), and they were referred to as "the coal lines"; passenger traffic was not a dominant activity.<sup id="cite_ref-robertson_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robertson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m&kr1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m&kr1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m&kr2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m&kr2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-g&gr_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g&gr-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_railways">English railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: English railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Train_passing_the_Caledonian_Brewery,_Slateford_Edinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Train_passing_the_Caledonian_Brewery%2C_Slateford_Edinburgh.jpg/170px-Train_passing_the_Caledonian_Brewery%2C_Slateford_Edinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Train_passing_the_Caledonian_Brewery%2C_Slateford_Edinburgh.jpg/255px-Train_passing_the_Caledonian_Brewery%2C_Slateford_Edinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Train_passing_the_Caledonian_Brewery%2C_Slateford_Edinburgh.jpg/340px-Train_passing_the_Caledonian_Brewery%2C_Slateford_Edinburgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Former Caledonian Main Line, Edinburgh 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>During this period, the first long-distance railways were opened in England; the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway" title="Liverpool and Manchester Railway">Liverpool and Manchester Railway</a>, the first intercity line, opened in 1830 and was an immediate success.<sup id="cite_ref-l&mr_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l&mr-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was quickly followed by the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Junction_Railway" title="Grand Junction Railway">Grand Junction Railway</a> in 1837,<sup id="cite_ref-gjr_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gjr-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/London_and_Birmingham_Railway" title="London and Birmingham Railway">London and Birmingham Railway</a> in 1838<sup id="cite_ref-l&br_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l&br-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Union_Railway" title="North Union Railway">North Union Railway</a> reaching <a href="/wiki/Preston,_Lancashire" title="Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a> in 1838, so that London was linked with the Lancashire and West Midlands centres of industry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connecting_Scotland_and_London">Connecting Scotland and London</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Connecting Scotland and London"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was clearly desirable to connect central Scotland into the emerging network. At first it was assumed that only one route from Scotland to England would be feasible, and there was considerable controversy over the possible route. A major difficulty was the terrain of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Uplands" title="Southern Uplands">Southern Uplands</a>: a route running through the hilly lands would involve steep and lengthy gradients that were challenging for the engine power of the time; a route around them, either to the west or the east, involved much lengthier main lines, and made connection to both Edinburgh and Glasgow more problematic. </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Kingdom legislation</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:100%"><span style="font-size:125%">Caledonian Railway Act 1845</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg/210px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg/280px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1550" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/8_%26_9_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="8 & 9 Vict.">8 & 9 Vict.</a> c. clxii</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">31 July 1845</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/8-9/162/pdfs/ukla_18450162_en.pdf">Text of statute as originally enacted</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Many competing schemes were put forward, not all of them well thought out, and two successive government commissions examined them. However, they did not have mandatory force, and after considerable rivalry, the Caledonian Railway obtained an authorising <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">act of Parliament</a>, the <b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Caledonian_Railway_Act_1845"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Caledonian Railway Act 1845</span></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/8_%26_9_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="8 & 9 Vict.">8 & 9 Vict.</a> c. clxii), on 31 July 1845, for lines from Glasgow and Edinburgh to Carlisle. The share capital was to be £1,800,000 (equivalent to £225 million today).<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Glasgow and Edinburgh lines combined at <a href="/wiki/Carstairs" title="Carstairs">Carstairs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Clydesdale_(district)" title="Clydesdale (district)">Clydesdale</a>, and the route then crossed over <a href="/wiki/Beattock_Summit" title="Beattock Summit">Beattock Summit</a> and continued on through <a href="/wiki/Annandale,_Dumfries_and_Galloway" title="Annandale, Dumfries and Galloway">Annandale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The promoters had engaged in a frenzy of provisional acquisitions of other lines being put forward or already being constructed, as they considered it was vital to secure territory to their own control and to exclude competing concerns as far as possible. It was not the only Anglo-Scottish route; the <a href="/wiki/North_British_Railway" title="North British Railway">North British Railway</a> opened its coastal route between Edinburgh and <a href="/wiki/Berwick-upon-Tweed" title="Berwick-upon-Tweed">Berwick-upon-Tweed</a> on 22 June 1846,<sup id="cite_ref-paterson_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paterson-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ross-nbr_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ross-nbr-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forming part of what has become the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Main_Line" title="East Coast Main Line">East Coast Main Line</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Glasgow,_Paisley,_Kilmarnock_and_Ayr_Railway" title="Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway">Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway</a> had opened in 1841 with the declared intention of reaching Carlisle by way of <a href="/wiki/Dumfries" title="Dumfries">Dumfries</a>; it did so in 1850, changing its name then to the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_and_South_Western_Railway" title="Glasgow and South Western Railway">Glasgow and South Western Railway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ross-g&swr_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ross-g&swr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ross_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ross-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_main_line">The main line</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The main line"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Main_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Caledonian Main Line">Caledonian Main Line</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caley_main_line.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Caley_main_line.gif/220px-Caley_main_line.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Caley_main_line.gif/330px-Caley_main_line.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Caley_main_line.gif/440px-Caley_main_line.gif 2x" data-file-width="2332" data-file-height="3094" /></a><figcaption>The Caledonian Railway first main line</figcaption></figure> <p>The main line was opened from Carlisle to <a href="/wiki/Beattock" title="Beattock">Beattock</a> on 10 September 1847, and throughout between Glasgow and Carlisle on 15 February 1848. A continuous railway route between Glasgow and London existed for the first time. (It had been possible to travel via Edinburgh and <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a> since 1846, but this involved crossing the <a href="/wiki/River_Tweed" title="River Tweed">River Tweed</a> at Berwick by road, and the <a href="/wiki/River_Tyne" title="River Tyne">River Tyne</a> at Gateshead / Newcastle by congested road bridge or ferry.) </p><p>The Caledonian Railway's Edinburgh line from Carstairs opened on 1 April 1848. The terminal at Edinburgh was at <a href="/wiki/Lothian_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothian Road">Lothian Road</a>. Glasgow was reached over the Glasgow, Garnkirk and Coatbridge Railway (successor to the <a href="/wiki/Garnkirk_and_Glasgow_Railway" title="Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway">Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Wishaw_and_Coltness_Railway" title="Wishaw and Coltness Railway">Wishaw and Coltness Railway</a>, which the Caledonian had leased from 1 January 1847 and 1 January 1846 respectively. The Glasgow station was the <a href="/wiki/Townhead,_Glasgow" class="mw-redirect" title="Townhead, Glasgow">Townhead</a> terminus of the Glasgow, Garnkirk and Coatbridge Railway.<sup id="cite_ref-ross_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ross-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the process of seeking Parliamentary authorisation, the Caledonian observed that the <a href="/wiki/Clydesdale_Junction_Railway" title="Clydesdale Junction Railway">Clydesdale Junction Railway</a> was being promoted. The Caledonian acquired that line during its construction, and it opened in 1849. It gave an alternative and shorter access to another Glasgow passenger terminal, named <a href="/wiki/South_Side,_Glasgow" class="mw-redirect" title="South Side, Glasgow">South Side</a>, and to the <a href="/wiki/River_Clyde" title="River Clyde">Clyde</a> quays at General Terminus (over the connected <a href="/wiki/General_Terminus_and_Glasgow_Harbour_Railway" title="General Terminus and Glasgow Harbour Railway">General Terminus and Glasgow Harbour Railway</a>). The South Side station was already being used by the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow,_Barrhead_and_Neilston_Direct_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow, Barrhead and Neilston Direct Railway">Glasgow, Barrhead and Neilston Direct Railway</a>, worked by the Caledonian. One day, they hoped, they might extend that line into <a href="/wiki/Ayrshire" title="Ayrshire">Ayrshire</a>. Meanwhile, the line was leased (for 999 years) to the Caledonian in 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-robertson_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robertson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ross_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ross-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-paterson_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paterson-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Caledonian recognised that the Townhead terminus was unsatisfactory and constructed a deviation from <a href="/wiki/Milton,_Glasgow" title="Milton, Glasgow">Milton Junction</a> to a new Glasgow terminus at <a href="/wiki/Buchanan_Street_railway_station" title="Buchanan Street railway station">Buchanan Street</a>. It opened on 1 November 1849. Trains to <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a> used the new station; the Stirling trains had to reverse at Gartsherrie Junction. The Garnkirk's old Glebe Street (Townhead) station was reduced to goods and mineral duties. In 1853–54 the Hayhill Fork, between Gartcosh and Garnqueen, was opened, enabling direct running from Buchanan Street towards Stirling.<sup id="cite_ref-ross_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ross-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_problems,_and_Greenock_amalgamation"><span id="Financial_problems.2C_and_Greenock_amalgamation"></span>Financial problems, and Greenock amalgamation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Financial problems, and Greenock amalgamation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the period between formation of the Caledonian Railway and the opening of <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Main_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Caledonian Main Line">the main line</a>, a large number of leases and working arrangements had been concluded with other railways being promoted or built nearby. This was mostly done by guaranteeing those shareholders an income on their capital, which meant no immediate cash was required. When the lines started working, suddenly a huge periodical payment was required, and the income was inadequate to satisfy it. There were also suggestions of improper share acquisitions, and in the period 1848 to 1850 a number of shareholder inquiries disclosed bad practices, and many board members had to resign in February 1850. </p><p>The company had obtained Parliamentary powers to merge with the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow,_Paisley_and_Greenock_Railway" title="Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway">Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway</a> (GP&GR) in 1847, but even more alarming revelations of financial impropriety emerged regarding that company, and the Caledonian considered getting authorisation to cancel the amalgamation. However, it was later decided to proceed, and the amalgamation took place by Act of Parliament of 7 August 1851. The GP&GR operated the line between Glasgow and <a href="/wiki/Paisley,_Renfrewshire" title="Paisley, Renfrewshire">Paisley</a> jointly with the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_and_South_Western_Railway" title="Glasgow and South Western Railway">Glasgow and South Western Railway</a> (G&SWR), and the Paisley line used a terminus at <a href="/wiki/Bridge_Street_railway_station" title="Bridge Street railway station">Bridge Street</a> in Glasgow. </p><p>The Caledonian now worked trains at three termini in Glasgow: Buchanan Street, South Side (from the Clydesdale Junction line, mostly used for local trains to <a href="/wiki/Motherwell" title="Motherwell">Motherwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_South_Lanarkshire" title="Hamilton, South Lanarkshire">Hamilton</a>), and Bridge Street (on the Paisley line). </p><p>Gradually the financial difficulties were got under control, by economy, and by the discovery that several of the lease agreements were illegal.<sup id="cite_ref-ross63_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ross63-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Handsome dividends continued to be paid, but it was not until March 1853 that the dividend was paid wholly from revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ross_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ross-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Lanarkshire:_mainly_mineral_traffic">South Lanarkshire: mainly mineral traffic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: South Lanarkshire: mainly mineral traffic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Railway_branches_in_South_Lanarkshire" title="Caledonian Railway branches in South Lanarkshire">Caledonian Railway branches in South Lanarkshire</a></div> <p>If the Caledonian Railway had been formed as an intercity trunk line, its attention was early on turned to other demands. Local interests in <a href="/wiki/Lanark" title="Lanark">Lanark</a> promoted a branch line to their town, opening in 1855. Coal owners in <a href="/wiki/South_Lanarkshire" title="South Lanarkshire">South Lanarkshire</a> pressed for a railway connection, and the <a href="/wiki/Lesmahagow_Railway" title="Lesmahagow Railway">Lesmahagow Railway</a> was formed by them, opening in 1856. It was later absorbed by the Caledonian, but other lines followed in the sparsely populated but mineral-rich area. As new coal mines opened, so new branches were needed, connecting <a href="/wiki/Coalburn,_South_Lanarkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalburn, South Lanarkshire">Coalburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stonehouse,_South_Lanarkshire" title="Stonehouse, South Lanarkshire">Stonehouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strathaven" title="Strathaven">Strathaven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muirkirk" title="Muirkirk">Muirkirk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Darvel" title="Darvel">Darvel</a> and many other places, with new lines built right up until 1905. When the coal became exhausted in the second half of the 20th century, the railways were progressively closed; passenger traffic had always been light and it too disappeared. Only the passenger traffic to the Lanark and <a href="/wiki/Larkhall" title="Larkhall">Larkhall</a> branches remain in operation.<sup id="cite_ref-ross_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ross-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-paterson_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paterson-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Lanarkshire">North Lanarkshire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: North Lanarkshire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Railway_branches_in_North_Lanarkshire" title="Caledonian Railway branches in North Lanarkshire">Caledonian Railway branches in North Lanarkshire</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/North_Lanarkshire" title="North Lanarkshire">North Lanarkshire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/North_British_Railway" title="North British Railway">North British Railway</a> was a keen competitor, having taken over the <a href="/wiki/Monkland_Railways" title="Monkland Railways">Monkland Railways</a>. The area contained the rapidly-growing iron production area surrounding <a href="/wiki/Coatbridge" title="Coatbridge">Coatbridge</a>, and servicing that industry with coal and <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a>, and transport to local and more distant metal processing locations, dominated the Caledonian's activity in the region. The <a href="/wiki/Rutherglen_and_Coatbridge_Railway" title="Rutherglen and Coatbridge Railway">Rutherglen and Coatbridge line</a>, later linking <a href="/wiki/Airdrie,_North_Lanarkshire" title="Airdrie, North Lanarkshire">Airdrie</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Shotts_Line" title="Shotts Line">Carfin to Midcalder line</a> were routes with significant passenger traffic. Many lines to coal and iron ore pits further east were built, but serving remote areas the lines closed when the mineral extraction ceased.<sup id="cite_ref-ross_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ross-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-paterson_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paterson-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Developing_the_network:_to_1880">Developing the network: to 1880</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Developing the network: to 1880"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Busby_and_East_Kilbride">Busby and East Kilbride</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Busby and East Kilbride"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Busby_Railway" title="Busby Railway">Busby Railway</a></div> <p>With the Barrhead line in full operation, interests in <a href="/wiki/Busby,_East_Renfrewshire" title="Busby, East Renfrewshire">Busby</a> wanted a railway connection. The wealthy middle class saw the town as an elegant location and the <a href="/wiki/Busby_Railway" title="Busby Railway">Busby Railway</a> opened in 1866. Commuting was already in fashion. The line was extended to <a href="/wiki/East_Kilbride" title="East Kilbride">East Kilbride</a> in 1868, although at that time the then small village did not generate much business for the railway.<sup id="cite_ref-ross_17-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ross-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-paterson_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paterson-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Branches_south_of_Carstairs">Branches south of Carstairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Branches south of Carstairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the main line was built, no branches were provided in the thinly populated terrain of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Uplands" title="Southern Uplands">Southern Uplands</a>. Four independent companies made branches themselves, and the Caledonian built two. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CaledonaiRailwayRemains.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/CaledonaiRailwayRemains.jpg/220px-CaledonaiRailwayRemains.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/CaledonaiRailwayRemains.jpg/330px-CaledonaiRailwayRemains.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/CaledonaiRailwayRemains.jpg/440px-CaledonaiRailwayRemains.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A former Caledonian Railway building in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_South_Lanarkshire" title="Hamilton, South Lanarkshire">Hamilton</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Symington,_Biggar_and_Broughton_Railway" title="Symington, Biggar and Broughton Railway">Symington, Biggar and Broughton Railway</a> was opened in 1860, having been taken over by the Caledonian during construction. It was extended to <a href="/wiki/Peebles" title="Peebles">Peebles</a> in 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-paterson_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paterson-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1863 an independent line, the <a href="/wiki/Dumfries,_Lochmaben_and_Lockerbie_Railway" title="Dumfries, Lochmaben and Lockerbie Railway">Dumfries, Lochmaben and Lockerbie Railway</a> was opened. The line was encouraged by the Caledonian Railway, giving westward access into <a href="/wiki/Dumfriesshire" title="Dumfriesshire">Dumfriesshire</a>, and worked by it; the Caledonian acquired the line in 1865. The <a href="/wiki/Portpatrick_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Portpatrick Railway">Portpatrick Railway</a> had opened between <a href="/wiki/Castle_Douglas" title="Castle Douglas">Castle Douglas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portpatrick" title="Portpatrick">Portpatrick</a> in 1861–62 and the Caledonian Railway worked that railway; it obtained running powers over the G&SWR between <a href="/wiki/Dumfries" title="Dumfries">Dumfries</a> and Castle Douglas, and at a stroke the Caledonian had penetrated deep into the south-west, and to the ferry service to the north of Ireland, territory that the G&SWR had assumed was its own. The Portpatrick Railway later reformed with the Wigtownshire Railway as the <a href="/wiki/Portpatrick_and_Wigtownshire_Joint_Railway" title="Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway">Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway</a>; the Caledonian was a one-quarter owner.<sup id="cite_ref-fryer_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fryer-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smith_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The North British Railway opened its branch line to <a href="/wiki/Dolphinton" title="Dolphinton">Dolphinton</a>, east of Carstairs, and the Caledonian feared that the next step would be an incursion by the NBR into Caledonian territory, possibly seeking running powers on the main line. To head this off, the Caledonian built its own <a href="/wiki/Dolphinton_branch" title="Dolphinton branch">Dolphinton branch</a> from Carstairs; it opened in 1867. Dolphinton had a population of 260 and two railways, and traffic was correspondingly meagre, and the line closed in 1945 to passengers and in 1950 to goods.<sup id="cite_ref-paterson_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paterson-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The independent <a href="/wiki/Solway_Junction_Railway" title="Solway Junction Railway">Solway Junction Railway</a> was opened in 1869, linking iron mines in <a href="/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a> with the Caledonian Railway at <a href="/wiki/Kirtlebridge" title="Kirtlebridge">Kirtlebridge</a>, crossing the <a href="/wiki/Solway_Firth" title="Solway Firth">Solway Firth</a> by a 1,940 yd (1,770 m) viaduct; the company worked the line itself. It considerably shortened the route to the Lanarkshire ironworks, and was heavily used at first, but the traffic was depleted by cheap imported iron ore within a decade. The Scottish part of the line was acquired by the Caledonian Railway in 1873, and the whole line in 1895. Serious ice damage and later heavy maintenance costs made the line seriously unprofitable and it was closed in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-edgar_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edgar-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Glasgow_Central_station">Glasgow Central station</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Glasgow Central station"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the Caledonian's first main line opened, it used the Townhead terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow,_Garnkirk_and_Coatbridge_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow, Garnkirk and Coatbridge Railway">Glasgow, Garnkirk and Coatbridge Railway</a>, and almost simultaneously, it acquired access to the South Side station planned for the <a href="/wiki/Clydesdale_Junction_Railway" title="Clydesdale Junction Railway">Clydesdale Junction Railway</a>. It extended from Townhead to <a href="/wiki/Buchanan_Street_railway_station" title="Buchanan Street railway station">Buchanan Street</a>, an "inadequate and very cramped station"<sup id="cite_ref-ross64_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ross64-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1849, but the route from there to the southwards main line was very circuitous. The Caledonian also worked the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow,_Paisley_and_Greenock_Railway" title="Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway">Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway</a> with a terminus at <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Bridge_Street_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow Bridge Street railway station">Bridge Street</a>, also inconveniently situated south of the Clyde: the Caledonian, therefore, had three unsatisfactory Glasgow termini. </p><p>As early as 1846 proposals to cross the Clyde from Gushetfaulds to a Dunlop Street terminal had been put forward; the idea was killed by fierce opposition from the Clyde Bridges Trust (which would lose toll income) and the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_(United_Kingdom)" title="Admiralty (United Kingdom)">Admiralty</a> (who insisted on a <a href="/wiki/Swing_bridge" title="Swing bridge">swing bridge</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-johnston_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnston-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another scheme failed to get finance in 1866 and again in 1873, but in 1875 an Act was obtained to build a bridge crossing the Clyde and bringing the South Side route into the city centre. A four-track railway bridge crossing the river was designed by Blyth and Cunningham and built by <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Arrol_%26_Co." title="Sir William Arrol & Co.">Sir William Arrol & Co.</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Railway_Bridge" title="Caledonian Railway Bridge">Clyde railway bridge</a> was complete on 1 October 1878. The new <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Central_railway_station" title="Glasgow Central railway station">Glasgow Central station</a> on Gordon Street opened in December 1879. It had eight platforms, but was considered to be unsatisfactory, having narrow platforms; the circulating area was "ridiculously small"; there was no good cab stance and inadequate siding accommodation.<sup id="cite_ref-johnston37_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnston37-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bridge Street terminus was jointly operated with the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_and_South_Western_Railway" title="Glasgow and South Western Railway">Glasgow and South Western Railway</a> (G&SWR); it had to be reconstructed as a through station, and the <a href="/wiki/Inverclyde_Line" title="Inverclyde Line">Greenock line</a> trains (operated by the Caledonian) continued to use it. </p><p>A ninth platform was added to Central station in 1889, but a major expansion took place in the years 1901–1906, when the platforms were lengthened and four platforms added on the west side; a second river crossing was provided. In 1904 <a href="/wiki/Bridge_Street_railway_station" title="Bridge Street railway station">Bridge Street station</a> was substantially changed to provide carriage washing and stabling facilities; it closed as a passenger station on 1 March 1905. Central station was operated by a single <a href="/wiki/Signal_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal box">signal box</a>, staffed with ten men. It was commissioned on 3 May 1908; it had 374 miniature levers, the largest of its type in the world, operating points and signals by electro-pneumatic and electro-magnetic equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-johnston_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnston-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extending_the_network_after_1880">Extending the network after 1880</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Extending the network after 1880"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moffat_Railway">Moffat Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Moffat Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Moffat_railway_station" title="Moffat railway station">Moffat Railway</a> was opened from Beattock on 2 April 1883. It was just over <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> miles (2.4 km) long. It was worked by the Caledonian and absorbed on 11 November 1889. The Caledonian Railway sought to develop both <a href="/wiki/Moffat,_Dumfriesshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Moffat, Dumfriesshire">Moffat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peebles" title="Peebles">Peebles</a> as watering places, and ran <i>The Tinto Express</i> from both places, combining at <a href="/wiki/Symington_railway_station" title="Symington railway station">Symington</a>, to Edinburgh and Glasgow for several years.<sup id="cite_ref-paterson_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paterson-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the intention of revitalising the lead mining industry, the <a href="/wiki/Leadhills_and_Wanlockhead_Branch" title="Leadhills and Wanlockhead Branch">Leadhills and Wanlockhead Branch</a> was opened as a <a href="/wiki/Light_railway" title="Light railway">light railway</a> from <a href="/wiki/Elvanfoot" title="Elvanfoot">Elvanfoot</a> in 1901–02. With challenging gradients to reach Scotland's highest village in otherwise remote territory, the line scraped a bare living and closed in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-paterson_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paterson-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_Greenock_to_the_Firth_of_Clyde">From Greenock to the Firth of Clyde</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: From Greenock to the Firth of Clyde"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the mid-1850s the <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamer</a> connections on the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Clyde" title="Firth of Clyde">Firth of Clyde</a> assumed ever increasing importance, and journey transit times from settlements in <a href="/wiki/Argyll" title="Argyll">Argyll</a> and the islands to Glasgow became critical. The inconvenient situation of the Greenock station and pier encouraged thoughts of more convenient routes, and in 1862 the <a href="/wiki/Greenock_and_Wemyss_Bay_Railway" title="Greenock and Wemyss Bay Railway">Greenock and Wemyss Bay Railway</a> was authorised. It was an independent company intending to provide a fast connection from <a href="/wiki/Rothesay,_Bute" class="mw-redirect" title="Rothesay, Bute">Rothesay</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Bute" title="Isle of Bute">Isle of Bute</a>; it opened on 13 May 1865 and in August 1893 it amalgamated with the Caledonian Railway, having been operated by the Caledonian Railway since its opening.<sup id="cite_ref-awdry-78_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-awdry-78-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ross_17-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ross-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1889 the Caledonian itself opened an extension line from Greenock to <a href="/wiki/Gourock" title="Gourock">Gourock</a>, more conveniently situated than Greenock; this involved the expensive construction of Newton Street Tunnel, the longest in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-hogg_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hogg-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In competing with rival rail and steamer connections, the Caledonian became frustrated with its reliance on independent steamer operators, and tried to obtain powers to operate the vessels directly; this was refused by Parliament on competition grounds, and in reaction the company founded the nominally independent <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Steam_Packet_Company" title="Caledonian Steam Packet Company">Caledonian Steam Packet Company</a> in 1889. The CSPC expanded its routes and services considerably; following nationalisation of the railways in 1948 it became owned by British Railways, but was divested in 1968 and later became a constituent of <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_MacBrayne" title="Caledonian MacBrayne">Caledonian MacBrayne</a> (CalMac), which remains in state ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-calmac_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calmac-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glasgow_and_Paisley_suburban_lines">Glasgow and Paisley suburban lines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Glasgow and Paisley suburban lines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the final decades of the 19th century, as the cities spread into conurbations, the company's attention turned to increasing traffic in areas now thought of as "suburban". Street running <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tramways</a> were already responding to the demand for passenger travel in these areas, but as yet they used horse traction. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cathcart_District_Railway" title="Cathcart District Railway">Cathcart District Railway</a> was promoted as an independent concern but heavily supported by the Caledonian. It opened in 1886 from <a href="/wiki/Pollokshields" title="Pollokshields">Pollokshields</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Florida" title="Mount Florida">Mount Florida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cathcart" title="Cathcart">Cathcart</a> (the eastern arm of the present-day <a href="/wiki/Cathcart_Circle_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathcart Circle Line">Cathcart Circle Line</a>) in 1886, and was extended via <a href="/wiki/Shawlands" title="Shawlands">Shawlands</a> to form a loop in 1894. It was worked by the Caledonian, although the company retained its independence until 1923. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Central_Railway" title="Glasgow Central Railway">Glasgow Central Railway</a> was authorised as an independent company to build a surface line from <a href="/wiki/Rutherglen" title="Rutherglen">Rutherglen</a> to <a href="/wiki/Maryhill" title="Maryhill">Maryhill</a>. It encountered fierce opposition, and the scheme was taken over by the Caledonian and converted into a route mainly in tunnel under <a href="/wiki/Argyle_Street,_Glasgow" title="Argyle Street, Glasgow">Argyle Street</a>. It opened in 1896, further encouraging suburban passenger travel. It closed in 1959 but reopened (as the <a href="/wiki/Argyle_Line" title="Argyle Line">Argyle Line</a>) in 1979. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Paisley_and_Barrhead_District_Railway" title="Paisley and Barrhead District Railway">Paisley and Barrhead District Railway</a> was incorporated in 1897 and transferred to the Caledonian in 1902; it was to link <a href="/wiki/Paisley,_Renfrewshire" title="Paisley, Renfrewshire">Paisley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barrhead" title="Barrhead">Barrhead</a> and enable a circular service from Glasgow. The line was substantially ready in 1902 but by now street tramways were electrically operated and eminently successful. It was plain that a passenger service would not be viable against tram competition and the intended passenger service was never started.<sup id="cite_ref-Awdry_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Awdry-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Clydeside">North Clydeside</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: North Clydeside"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The area of the north bank of the river Clyde became increasingly important for industry, and therefore became heavily populated. The <a href="/wiki/North_British_Railway" title="North British Railway">North British Railway</a> and its satellites had gained an early monopoly of this traffic, but its importance encouraged the Caledonian to enter the area. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lanarkshire_and_Dumbartonshire_Railway" title="Lanarkshire and Dumbartonshire Railway">Lanarkshire and Dumbartonshire Railway</a> was nominally independent, running from near <a href="/wiki/Maryhill" title="Maryhill">Maryhill</a> to <a href="/wiki/Dumbarton,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumbarton, Scotland">Dumbarton</a>, opening progressively between 1894 and 1896. In 1896 the Caledonian gained access to <a href="/wiki/Loch_Lomond" title="Loch Lomond">Loch Lomond</a> with the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_and_Balloch_Joint_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumbarton and Balloch Joint Railway">Dumbarton and Balloch Joint Railway</a> (originally built by the <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_and_Dumbartonshire_Junction_Railway" title="Caledonian and Dumbartonshire Junction Railway">Caledonian and Dumbartonshire Junction Railway</a>), built jointly with the NBR. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Lanarkshire_and_Ayrshire_Railway">The Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: The Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1888 the <a href="/wiki/Lanarkshire_and_Ayrshire_Railway" title="Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway">Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway</a> opened a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">6<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-mile (10.5 km) line from <a href="/wiki/Giffen" title="Giffen">Giffen</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow,_Barrhead_and_Kilmarnock_Joint_Railway" title="Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway">Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ardrossan" title="Ardrossan">Ardrossan</a>. Its purpose was to shorten the route for Caledonian mineral traffic, and it was worked by the Caledonian. In 1903–04 it was extended eastwards to Cathcart and Newton, enabling the heavy mineral trains to avoid the Joint Line and the congested area around Gushetfaulds from the Lanarkshire coalfields to <a href="/wiki/Ardrossan_Harbour_railway_station" title="Ardrossan Harbour railway station">Ardrossan Harbour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-paterson_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paterson-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-forgotten_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forgotten-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Edinburgh_and_Lothians">Edinburgh and Lothians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Edinburgh and Lothians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Railway_lines_to_Edinburgh" title="Caledonian Railway lines to Edinburgh">Caledonian Railway lines to Edinburgh</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edinburgh-_Granton-_Haymarket_%26_Leith_RJD_27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Edinburgh-_Granton-_Haymarket_%26_Leith_RJD_27.jpg/220px-Edinburgh-_Granton-_Haymarket_%26_Leith_RJD_27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Edinburgh-_Granton-_Haymarket_%26_Leith_RJD_27.jpg/330px-Edinburgh-_Granton-_Haymarket_%26_Leith_RJD_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Edinburgh-_Granton-_Haymarket_%26_Leith_RJD_27.jpg/440px-Edinburgh-_Granton-_Haymarket_%26_Leith_RJD_27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2814" data-file-height="1713" /></a><figcaption>Caledonian lines are shown in red on this 1905 <a href="/wiki/Railway_Clearing_House" title="Railway Clearing House">Railway Clearing House</a> map of Edinburgh.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Caledonian Railway entered Edinburgh from <a href="/wiki/Carstairs" title="Carstairs">Carstairs</a> on 15 February 1848; its terminus was a one-platform station named <a href="/wiki/Lothian_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothian Road">Lothian Road</a>. This was the first line to offer travel without change of carriage between Edinburgh and London: passengers on the rival <a href="/wiki/North_British_Railway" title="North British Railway">North British Railway</a> needed to cross the <a href="/wiki/River_Tweed" title="River Tweed">River Tweed</a> on foot to continue their rail journey. </p><p>The unsatisfactory Edinburgh terminus needed improvement but funds were limited, and the Caledonian built a short spur to <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Haymarket_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh Haymarket railway station">Haymarket</a>; talks had taken place about using the E&GR and NBR station, later named <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Waverley_railway_station" title="Edinburgh Waverley railway station">Waverley</a>; but the NBR rejected the idea. Eventually in 1870 the Lothian Road station was much improved and extended, and the new terminus was named <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Princes_Street_railway_station" title="Edinburgh Princes Street railway station">Princes Street</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edinburgh_Dalry_Road_Locomotive_Depot_geograph-2201985.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Edinburgh_Dalry_Road_Locomotive_Depot_geograph-2201985.jpg/220px-Edinburgh_Dalry_Road_Locomotive_Depot_geograph-2201985.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Edinburgh_Dalry_Road_Locomotive_Depot_geograph-2201985.jpg/330px-Edinburgh_Dalry_Road_Locomotive_Depot_geograph-2201985.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Edinburgh_Dalry_Road_Locomotive_Depot_geograph-2201985.jpg/440px-Edinburgh_Dalry_Road_Locomotive_Depot_geograph-2201985.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="710" /></a><figcaption>An empty stock train for <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Princes_Street_railway_station" title="Edinburgh Princes Street railway station">Princes Street station</a>, passing Dalry Road Locomotive Depot in 1962</figcaption></figure> <p>The owner of <a href="/wiki/Granton_Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Granton Harbour">Granton Harbour</a> encouraged, and half-funded, the construction of a branch from near Lothian Road, and this opened in 1861. A branch from the Granton line to <a href="/wiki/Leith_Docks" class="mw-redirect" title="Leith Docks">Leith Docks</a> was made in 1864. This line was opened to passengers from 1879: the <a href="/wiki/Leith" title="Leith">Leith</a> terminal was later renamed Leith North. After 1900 the port authorities built new modern docks to the east of the former Leith docks, and the Caledonian further extended its Leith line to reach the new facilities: the Leith New Lines opened in 1903. It had been planned to open a passenger service on the line, and passenger stations had been built, but tram competition made it clear that an inner suburban passenger railway was unviable and the passenger service was never inaugurated. </p><p>The Edinburgh main line passed close to numerous mineral workings, and several short branches and connections were made to collieries, iron workings and shale oil plants. The <a href="/wiki/Wilsontown_Ironworks" title="Wilsontown Ironworks">Wilsontown</a> branch from <a href="/wiki/Auchengray" title="Auchengray">Auchengray</a>, opened in 1860 was the most significant, and carried a passenger service. </p><p>The original <a href="/wiki/Wishaw_and_Coltness_Railway" title="Wishaw and Coltness Railway">Wishaw and Coltness Railway</a>, now leased by the Caledonian, had long since reached <a href="/wiki/Cleland,_North_Lanarkshire" title="Cleland, North Lanarkshire">Cleland</a> ironworks from the west, and in 1869 the line was extended from near there to <a href="/wiki/Mid_Calder" title="Mid Calder">Midcalder Junction</a> on the Edinburgh main line, passing through <a href="/wiki/Shotts" title="Shotts">Shotts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fauldhouse" title="Fauldhouse">Fauldhouse</a> and Midcalder. This line connected to many further mines and industrial sites, and gave the Caledonian a passenger route between Glasgow and Edinburgh that competed with the North British Railway's <a href="/wiki/Glasgow%E2%80%93Edinburgh_via_Falkirk_line" title="Glasgow–Edinburgh via Falkirk line">route through Falkirk</a>. </p><p>The first main line had bypassed a considerable centre of industry located on the <a href="/wiki/Water_of_Leith" title="Water of Leith">Water of Leith</a> southwest of Edinburgh, and a branch line to <a href="/wiki/Balerno" title="Balerno">Balerno</a> opened on 1 August 1874. The line was successful in encouraging residential building, especially at <a href="/wiki/Colinton" title="Colinton">Colinton</a>, and also leisure excursions: for a time it was known as "the picnic line", but it too succumbed to more convenient transport facilities by road, and it closed to passengers in 1943. </p><p>Speculative residential development encouraged the construction of a line to <a href="/wiki/Barnton,_Edinburgh" title="Barnton, Edinburgh">Barnton</a>, west of Edinburgh. The branch line opened on 1 March 1894; the terminus was named Cramond Brig at first. The Caledonian intended to make the line into a loop, returning to the city by way of <a href="/wiki/Corstorphine" title="Corstorphine">Corstorphine</a>, but this idea was shelved.<sup id="cite_ref-ross_17-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ross-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-paterson_14-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paterson-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stirling,_Perth,_Callander_and_Crieff"><span id="Stirling.2C_Perth.2C_Callander_and_Crieff"></span>Stirling, Perth, Callander and Crieff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Stirling, Perth, Callander and Crieff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Caledonian Railway had intended to lease, or absorb, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Central_Railway" title="Scottish Central Railway">Scottish Central Railway</a> (SCR), which obtained its <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">Act of Parliament</a> on the same day as the Caledonian. The SCR needed a partner railway to get access to Glasgow and Edinburgh, but the rival <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_and_Glasgow_Railway" title="Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway">Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway</a> (E&GR) would provide that. The SCR opened from Greenhill Junction with the E&GR to <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a> on 22 May 1848, and the Caledonian opened its branch to reach Greenhill Junction on 7 August 1848. The SCR remained independent for some time, mainly because of Parliamentary opposition to proposed mergers. The SCR built <a href="/wiki/Perth_railway_station_(Scotland)" title="Perth railway station (Scotland)">Perth General station</a>, which became the focus of several railways at that traffic centre, and a Joint Committee managed the station. </p><p>The SCR itself managed to absorb some local railways; the <a href="/wiki/Crieff_Junction_Railway" title="Crieff Junction Railway">Crieff Junction Railway</a> had opened from <a href="/wiki/Crieff" title="Crieff">Crieff</a> to what later became <a href="/wiki/Gleneagles_railway_station" title="Gleneagles railway station">Gleneagles station</a> in 1856, and it was worked by the SCR and absorbed in 1865. </p><p>In 1858 the <a href="/wiki/Dunblane,_Doune_and_Callander_Railway" title="Dunblane, Doune and Callander Railway">Dunblane, Doune and Callander Railway</a> was opened in 1858. It achieved considerable significance as the starting point for the <a href="/wiki/Callander_and_Oban_Railway" title="Callander and Oban Railway">Callander and Oban Railway</a>, described below. It was absorbed by the SCR in 1865 immediately before the SCR amalgamated with the Caledonian Railway on 1 August 1865, finally having gained Parliamentary approval to do so. </p><p>The Scottish Central Railway was absorbed by the Caledonian Railway in 1865. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="North_and_east_of_Perth">North and east of Perth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: North and east of Perth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several railways obtained their Acts of Parliament on the same day as the Caledonian, on 31 July 1845. There was a frenzy of railway promotion in that year, and it seemed as if every locality must have its own line. The Scottish Central Railway had been described above; the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Midland_Junction_Railway" title="Scottish Midland Junction Railway">Scottish Midland Junction Railway</a> (SMJR), the <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Railway" title="Aberdeen Railway">Aberdeen Railway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dundee_and_Perth_Railway" title="Dundee and Perth Railway">Dundee and Perth Railway</a> also got their Acts on the same day. </p><p>The SMJR built a line from <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a> to <a href="/wiki/Forfar" title="Forfar">Forfar</a>; at Perth it used the Scottish Central Railway joint station. The main line ran through the fertile area of <a href="/wiki/Strathmore,_Angus" class="mw-redirect" title="Strathmore, Angus">Strathmore</a> and the SMJR adopted two existing short lines that were on a suitable alignment. They were the <a href="/wiki/Newtyle_and_Coupar_Angus_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Newtyle and Coupar Angus Railway">Newtyle and Coupar Angus Railway</a> and the Newtyle and Glammiss Railway. Both were unsuccessful adjuncts to the <a href="/wiki/Dundee_and_Newtyle_Railway" title="Dundee and Newtyle Railway">Dundee and Newtyle Railway</a>, built using stone block sleepers and a track gauge of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">6<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,384 mm</span>). The two short lines were modernised and altered to double track using standard gauge. At Forfar the SMJR joined the <a href="/wiki/Arbroath_and_Forfar_Railway" title="Arbroath and Forfar Railway">Arbroath and Forfar Railway</a>, another earlier stone block railway, in this case using the track gauge of <span class="nowrap">5 ft 6 in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,676 mm</span>). The SMJR opened in 1848. </p><p>The Inchture Express was a <a href="/wiki/Horse-drawn_carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse-drawn carriage">horse-drawn carriage</a> service operated by the Caledonian Railway Company. Its rails "ran along a hedge-lined route" to <a href="/wiki/Inchture_railway_station" title="Inchture railway station">Inchture railway station</a>. It later closed and the rails were lifted.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Aberdeen Railway was to run north from <a href="/wiki/Guthrie,_Angus" title="Guthrie, Angus">Guthrie</a>, a few miles northwest of <a href="/wiki/Arbroath" title="Arbroath">Arbroath</a>. Joining the Arbroath and Forfar Railway there, it obtained access to both termini of that line. It was authorised to lease the A&FR. The Aberdeen Railway may have underestimated the cost of upgrading the A&FR's stone block track, and it ran out of money building its own main line; its construction was delayed and it encountered political difficulty in <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a> itself. It opened in 1850 to <a href="/wiki/Ferryhill,_Aberdeen" title="Ferryhill, Aberdeen">Ferryhill</a>, on the southern margin of the city, extending to <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Guild_Street_railway_station" title="Aberdeen Guild Street railway station">Guild Street station</a> in 1854. There were branches to <a href="/wiki/Brechin" title="Brechin">Brechin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montrose,_Angus" title="Montrose, Angus">Montrose</a>. </p><p>At this early stage the Caledonian Railway saw itself as the future creator of an extensive network in Scotland, and it set about gaining control of as many other Scottish railways as possible. It did so not by purchasing them, but by leasing them. This had the advantage that no payment was required at first, only a periodical payment much later. The Caledonian negotiated with the SCR, the SMJR and the Aberdeen Railway and believed it had captured them, but the SCR had other ideas. Much later the Caledonian found that the periodical lease payments were unaffordable, and it was rescued by the legal opinion that the lease agreements had been <a href="/wiki/Ultra_vires" title="Ultra vires">ultra vires</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dundee_and_Perth_Railway" title="Dundee and Perth Railway">Dundee and Perth Railway</a> opened in 1847; it was taken over by the Scottish Central Railway, and its network came to the Caledonian with the SCR when that company was taken over by the Caledonian in 1865. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Midland_Junction_Railway" title="Scottish Midland Junction Railway">Scottish Midland Junction Railway</a> opened in 1848 from Perth to Forfar, giving onward access to Aberdeen. The SMJR and the Aberdeen Railway amalgamated in 1856 to form the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_North_Eastern_Railway" title="Scottish North Eastern Railway">Scottish North Eastern Railway</a> in 1856. The SNER did not remain independent for long: it was absorbed by the Caledonian in 1866. At the time of the absorption the SNER and the <a href="/wiki/Great_North_of_Scotland_Railway" title="Great North of Scotland Railway">Great North of Scotland Railway</a> were engaged in building a through line at Aberdeen, with a new <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_railway_station" title="Aberdeen railway station">Joint station</a>; it opened in 1867. </p><p>The Caledonian had now got what it had wanted from the outset: control of an extensive network of lines covering a considerable territorial area. This came at a cost: Parliament became increasingly uncomfortable with monopolies of this kind, and when the North British Railway protested, it was given running powers over much of the Caledonian's northern system. There was worse to come: as the North British approached <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a> with the building of the <a href="/wiki/Tay_Rail_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Tay Rail Bridge">Tay Bridge</a>, which opened in 1878, the NBR sought and was given joint ownership of the <a href="/wiki/Dundee_and_Arbroath_Railway" title="Dundee and Arbroath Railway">Dundee and Arbroath Railway</a>, which became jointly owned in 1881. The NBR had already built an independent line from Arbroath to <a href="/wiki/Kinnaber_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinnaber Junction">Kinnaber Junction</a>, north of Montrose, and so, with the opening in 1890 of the <a href="/wiki/Forth_Bridge" title="Forth Bridge">Forth Bridge</a> immediately north of Edinburgh, the NBR now had a rival route to Aberdeen. Competition between the companies on the east and west coast routes from London to Aberdeen led in 1895 to what the press called the <a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_North" title="Race to the North">Race to the North</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Acquisition of the SNER and other lines brought a number of branch lines to communities off the main line. A number of infill lines were added towards the end of the 19th century. The Dundee and Forfar direct line was opened by the Caledonian in 1870 between <a href="/wiki/Broughty_Ferry" title="Broughty Ferry">Broughty Ferry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forfar" title="Forfar">Forfar</a>, developing commuter travel to Dundee but otherwise only a rural line. The <a href="/wiki/Forfar_and_Brechin_Railway" title="Forfar and Brechin Railway">Forfar and Brechin Railway</a> was promoted as a potential alternative main line; it opened in 1895 but remained simply a rural branch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Callander_and_Oban_Railway">Callander and Oban Railway</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Callander and Oban Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Callander_and_Oban_Railway" title="Callander and Oban Railway">Callander and Oban Railway</a> was an independent company intended to connect the <a href="/wiki/Inner_Seas_off_the_West_Coast_of_Scotland" title="Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland">western seas</a> to the railway network, but it had been promised financial support by the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Central_Railway" title="Scottish Central Railway">Scottish Central Railway</a> (SCR). The Caledonian absorbed the SCR in 1865 and the directors were dismayed at the level of commitment to a difficult construction scheme barely started. Construction took many years, reaching a "Killin" station in 1870 and completing in 1880, and money was always desperately tight. </p><p>The line was never profitable although it contributed greatly to the development of the town of <a href="/wiki/Oban" title="Oban">Oban</a>. A branch was built to <a href="/wiki/Ballachulish" title="Ballachulish">Ballachulish</a>, opened in 1903. </p><p>The western part of the line from <a href="/wiki/Crianlarich" title="Crianlarich">Crianlarich</a> to Oban is open today, connected to the ex-<a href="/wiki/North_British_Railway" title="North British Railway">NBR</a> <a href="/wiki/West_Highland_Line" title="West Highland Line">West Highland Line</a>, but the remainder has closed.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-turnock_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turnock-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Strathearn_lines">The Strathearn lines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: The Strathearn lines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Almond_Valley_and_Methven_Railway" title="Perth, Almond Valley and Methven Railway">Perth, Almond Valley and Methven Railway</a> opened in 1858 to connect <a href="/wiki/Methven,_Perth_and_Kinross" title="Methven, Perth and Kinross">Methven</a> to the SMJR network; it was extended to <a href="/wiki/Crieff" title="Crieff">Crieff</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Crieff_%26_Methven_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Crieff & Methven Railway">Crieff & Methven Railway</a> opened in 1866. </p><p>Crieff now had two railway connections, using the same station. The upsurge in tourism in <a href="/wiki/Strathearn" title="Strathearn">Strathearn</a> encouraged many visitors, who used Crieff as a railhead and continued by road. In 1893 the <a href="/wiki/Crieff_and_Comrie_Railway" title="Crieff and Comrie Railway">Crieff and Comrie Railway</a> made a short extension into Strathearn, and this encouraged ideas of completing a link right through to the <a href="/wiki/Callander_and_Oban_Railway" title="Callander and Oban Railway">Callander and Oban line</a>. There were wild dreams of Irish cattle imports coming to Perth markets over the route. This became the <a href="/wiki/Lochearnhead,_St_Fillans_and_Comrie_Railway" title="Lochearnhead, St Fillans and Comrie Railway">Lochearnhead, St Fillans and Comrie Railway</a>; due to serious problems raising capital, it took from 1901 to 1905 to open fully. The through traffic never developed and passenger connections at <a href="/wiki/Balquhidder" title="Balquhidder">Balquhidder</a> were poor, discouraging through travel.<sup id="cite_ref-byrom_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byrom-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_accidents">Notable accidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notable accidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quintinshill_rail_disaster_-_Secours-voiture-de-queue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Quintinshill_rail_disaster_-_Secours-voiture-de-queue.jpg/220px-Quintinshill_rail_disaster_-_Secours-voiture-de-queue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Quintinshill_rail_disaster_-_Secours-voiture-de-queue.jpg/330px-Quintinshill_rail_disaster_-_Secours-voiture-de-queue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Quintinshill_rail_disaster_-_Secours-voiture-de-queue.jpg/440px-Quintinshill_rail_disaster_-_Secours-voiture-de-queue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2280" data-file-height="1422" /></a><figcaption>Wreckage at Quintinshill</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>On 2 October 1872, an express passenger train <a href="/wiki/Kirtlebridge_rail_crash" title="Kirtlebridge rail crash">was in collision</a> with a freight train that was being shunted at <a href="/wiki/Kirtlebridge_railway_station" title="Kirtlebridge railway station">Kirtlebridge</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Main_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Caledonian Main Line">main line</a> due to errors by the station master and signalman, compounded by a lack of <a href="/wiki/Interlocking" title="Interlocking">interlocking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Absolute_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute block">absolute block</a> working. Twelve people were killed.</li> <li>On 23 October 1899, an express passenger train was in collision with a cattle train at <a href="/wiki/Coupar_Angus_railway_station" title="Coupar Angus railway station">Coupar Angus</a>. One person was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Trevena2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trevena2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 6 April 1906, an express freight train was <a href="/wiki/Derailment" title="Derailment">derailed</a> 2 miles (3.2 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Kirtlebridge_railway_station" title="Kirtlebridge railway station">Kirtlebridge</a> due to the failure of a wheel on the third wagon of the train. The derailed wagons fouled the opposite line; an express passenger train ran into them and was derailed. One person was killed and several were injured.<sup id="cite_ref-Earnshaw5_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Earnshaw5-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 2 April 1909, a passenger train became divided and was derailed at <a href="/wiki/Crawford_(South_Lanarkshire)_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Crawford (South Lanarkshire) railway station">Crawford</a> when the crank axle of the locomotive hauling it failed. A few passengers suffered minor injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Earnshaw6_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Earnshaw6-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 16 July 1914, 16-year-old ‘wagon greaser’ James Beck was walking between two railway lines near <a href="/wiki/Shawfield" title="Shawfield">Shawfield</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>) when he was hit by an oncoming train and as a result, was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 22 May 1915, a troop train was in <a href="/wiki/Quintinshill_rail_disaster" title="Quintinshill rail disaster">a head-on collision at Quintinshill</a> due to a signalman's error. An express passenger train then ran into the wreckage. A fire then broke out which killed 226 people and injured 246 in what remains the deadliest railway accident in the United Kingdom as of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. Two signalmen were later jailed for <a href="/wiki/Culpable_homicide" title="Culpable homicide">culpable homicide</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Office_holders">Office holders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Office holders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chairmen">Chairmen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Chairmen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hamilton,_8th_Lord_Belhaven_and_Stenton" title="Robert Hamilton, 8th Lord Belhaven and Stenton">Robert Hamilton, 8th Lord Belhaven and Stenton</a> 1844</li> <li>William Lockhart MP 1844</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hope-Johnstone_(1796%E2%80%931876)" title="John Hope-Johnstone (1796–1876)">John James Hope Johnstone</a> 1845 - 1850</li> <li>The Hon Edward Plunkett, RN 1850</li> <li>John Duncan 1850 - 1852</li> <li>William Baird 1852 - 1854</li> <li>William Johnston 1854 - 1859</li> <li>Thomas Hill 1868 - 1880</li> <li>J.C. Bolton 1880 - 1897<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Bunten_(engineer)" title="James Clark Bunten (engineer)">James Clark Bunten (engineer)</a> 1898 - 1901</li> <li>Sir James Thompson 1901<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - 1906<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_King,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir James King, 1st Baronet">Sir James King, 1st Baronet</a> 1906<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - 1908</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Renshaw" title="Charles Renshaw">Sir Charles Bine Renshaw, 1st Baronet</a> 1908 - 1918</li> <li>Henry Allan 1918 - 1923</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chief_mechanical_engineers">Chief mechanical engineers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Chief mechanical engineers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sinclair_(locomotive_engineer)" title="Robert Sinclair (locomotive engineer)">Robert Sinclair</a> 1847–1856</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Connor" title="Benjamin Connor">Benjamin Connor</a> 1856–1876</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brittain" title="George Brittain">George Brittain</a> 1876–1882</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugald_Drummond" title="Dugald Drummond">Dugald Drummond</a> 1882–1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Smellie" title="Hugh Smellie">Hugh Smellie</a> 1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lambie_(engineer)" title="John Lambie (engineer)">John Lambie</a> 1891–1895</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._McIntosh" title="John F. McIntosh">John F. McIntosh</a> 1895–1914</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pickersgill" title="William Pickersgill">William Pickersgill</a> 1914–1923</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Armorial_bearings">Armorial bearings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Armorial bearings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From July 1865, the Caledonian Railway adopted "a version of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_arms_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal arms of Scotland">Scottish arms</a>, without, so far as is known, getting the blessing of the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lyon_King_of_Arms" title="Lord Lyon King of Arms">Lord Lyon King of Arms</a>". From September 1888 a further riband was added below the <i>Nemo me impune lacessit</i> motto; this bore the words <i>Caledonian Railway Company</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-dow_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dow-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_railway_history" title="Carlisle railway history">Carlisle railway history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locomotives_of_the_Caledonian_Railway" title="Locomotives of the Caledonian Railway">Locomotives of the Caledonian Railway</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The earlier practice of paying dividends from capital made some shareholders feel good, but gave a misleading indication that the company was profitable.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RYB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RYB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RYB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Railway Year Book for 1920</i>. London: The Railway Publishing Company Limited. 1920. p. 158.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Railway+Year+Book+for+1920&rft.place=London&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=The+Railway+Publishing+Company+Limited&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Obituary of Richard Price-Williams<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (March 2021)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-robertson-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-robertson_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-robertson_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-robertson_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">C J A Robertson, <i>The Origins of the Scottish Railway System: 1722–1844</i>, John Donald Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh, first edition 1983, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8597-6088-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8597-6088-X">0-8597-6088-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-UK-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">UK <a href="/wiki/Retail_Price_Index" title="Retail Price Index">Retail Price Index</a> inflation figures are based on data from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2017" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Gregory (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://measuringworth.com/datasets/ukearncpi/">"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=The+Annual+RPI+and+Average+Earnings+for+Britain%2C+1209+to+Present+%28New+Series%29&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeasuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fukearncpi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-monklandcanal1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-monklandcanal1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guthrie Hutton, <i>Monkland: the Canal that Made Money</i>, Richard Stenlake, Ochiltree, 1993, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1%2B872074%2B28%2B6" title="Special:BookSources/1+872074+28+6">1 872074 28 6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-monklandcanal2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-monklandcanal2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Thomson, <i>The Monkland Canal – a Sketch of the Early History</i>, originally written in 1945, published by Monkland Library Services Department, 1984, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B946120%2B03%2BX" title="Special:BookSources/0+946120+03+X">0 946120 03 X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m&kr1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-m&kr1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Don Martin, <i>The Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway</i>, Strathkelvin Public Libraries, Kirkintilloch, 1976</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m&kr2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-m&kr2_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Don Martin, <i>The Monkland and Kirkintilloch and Associated Railways</i>, Strathkelvin Public Libraries, Kirkintilloch, 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B904966%2B41%2B0" title="Special:BookSources/0+904966+41+0">0 904966 41 0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g&gr-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-g&gr_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Don Martin, <i>The Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway</i>, Strathkelvin District Libraries and Museums, 1981</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l&mr-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-l&mr_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank Ferneyhough, <i>The Liverpool & Manchester Railway, 1830–1980</i>, Robert Hale Ltd., London, 1980, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7091-8137-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7091-8137-X">0-7091-8137-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gjr-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gjr_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norman W Webster, <i>Britain's First Trunk Line – the Grand Junction Railway</i>, Adams and Dart, Bath, 1972, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-239-00105-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-239-00105-2">0-239-00105-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l&br-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-l&br_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Gould, <i>The London & Birmingham Railway 150 Years On</i>, David & Charles plc, Newton Abbot, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7153-8968-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7153-8968-8">0-7153-8968-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/O.S._Nock" class="mw-redirect" title="O.S. Nock">O.S. Nock</a> <i>The Caledonian Railway</i>, Ian Allan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-paterson-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-paterson_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paterson_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paterson_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paterson_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paterson_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paterson_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paterson_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paterson_14-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paterson_14-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paterson_14-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paterson_14-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Thomas revised J S Paterson, <i>A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume 6, Scotland, the Lowlands and the Borders</i>, David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1984, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B946537%2B12%2B7" title="Special:BookSources/0+946537+12+7">0 946537 12 7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ross-nbr-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ross-nbr_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Ross, <i>The North British Railway — A History</i>, Stenlake Publishing Limited, Catrine, 2014, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84033-647-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84033-647-4">978-1-84033-647-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ross-g&swr-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ross-g&swr_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Glasgow and South Western Railway: A History</i>, Stenlake Publishing Limited, Catrine, 2104, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978%2B1%2B84033%2B648%2B1" title="Special:BookSources/978+1+84033+648+1">978 1 84033 648 1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ross-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ross_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ross_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ross_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ross_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ross_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ross_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ross_17-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ross_17-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ross_17-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ross_17-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Ross, <i>The Caledonian: Scotland's Imperial Railway: A History</i>, Stenlake Publishing Limited, Catrine, 2014, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978%2B1840%2B335842" title="Special:BookSources/978+1840+335842">978 1840 335842</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ross63-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ross63_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ross, p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fryer-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fryer_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C E J Fryer, <i>The Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Railways</i>, Oakwood Press, Usk, 1991, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B85361%2B408%2B3" title="Special:BookSources/0+85361+408+3">0 85361 408 3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smith_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David L Smith, <i>The Little Railways of South West Scotland</i>, David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1969, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7153-4652-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7153-4652-0">0-7153-4652-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edgar-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-edgar_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart Edgar and John M Sinton, <i>The Solway Junction Railway</i>, Oakwood Press, Headington, 1990, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B85361%2B395%2B8" title="Special:BookSources/0+85361+395+8">0 85361 395 8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ross64-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ross64_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ross, p. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnston-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-johnston_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnston_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Colin Johnston and John R Hume, <i>Glasgow Stations</i>, David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1979, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B7153%2B7569%2B5" title="Special:BookSources/0+7153+7569+5">0 7153 7569 5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnston37-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-johnston37_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnston and Hume, p. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-awdry-78-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-awdry-78_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Awdry, p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hogg-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hogg_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chris Hogg and Lynn Patrick, <i>The Glasgow, Cowal and Bute Route Through Time</i>, Amberley Publishing, Stroud, 2014, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978%2B144%2B562%2B1081" title="Special:BookSources/978+144+562+1081">978 144 562 1081</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-calmac-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-calmac_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[CalMac corporate web page at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.calmac.co.uk/corporate/history">https://www.calmac.co.uk/corporate/history</a>]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Awdry-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Awdry_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Awdry</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-forgotten-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-forgotten_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Thomas, <i>Forgotten Railways: Scotland</i>, David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1976, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B7153%2B7185%2B1" title="Special:BookSources/0+7153+7185+1">0 7153 7185 1</a>, pp. 91 to 92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westmuir.org.uk/PDF%20Pages/Soldiering%20On.pdf">"‘Soldiering On’ ……… and Magdalene"</a> - Westmuir.org.uk</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKean2007" class="citation book cs1">McKean, Charles (2007). <i>Battle for the North: the Tay and Forth Bridges and the 19th-century railway wars</i>. Granta Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781862079403" title="Special:BookSources/9781862079403"><bdi>9781862079403</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle+for+the+North%3A+the+Tay+and+Forth+Bridges+and+the+19th-century+railway+wars&rft.pub=Granta+Publications&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781862079403&rft.aulast=McKean&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thomas_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Thomas, <i>The Callander and Oban Railway</i>, David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1966</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-turnock-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-turnock_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Thomas and David Turnock, <i>A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume 15: North of Scotland</i>, David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1989, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B946537%2B03%2B8" title="Special:BookSources/0+946537+03+8">0 946537 03 8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-byrom-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-byrom_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernard Byrom, <i>The Railways of Upper Strathearn</i>, Oakwood Press, Usk, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B85361%2B622%2B1" title="Special:BookSources/0+85361+622+1">0 85361 622 1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trevena2-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trevena2_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrevena1981" class="citation book cs1">Trevena, Arthur (1981). <i>Trains in Trouble: Vol. 2</i>. Redruth: Atlantic Books. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-906899-03-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-906899-03-6"><bdi>0-906899-03-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trains+in+Trouble%3A+Vol.+2.&rft.place=Redruth&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Atlantic+Books&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-906899-03-6&rft.aulast=Trevena&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Earnshaw5-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Earnshaw5_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEarnshaw1989" class="citation book cs1">Earnshaw, Alan (1989). <i>Trains in Trouble: Vol. 5</i>. Penryn: Atlantic Books. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-906899-35-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-906899-35-4"><bdi>0-906899-35-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trains+in+Trouble%3A+Vol.+5&rft.place=Penryn&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Atlantic+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-906899-35-4&rft.aulast=Earnshaw&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Earnshaw6-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Earnshaw6_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEarnshaw1990" class="citation book cs1">Earnshaw, Alan (1990). <i>Trains in Trouble: Vol. 6</i>. Penryn: Atlantic Books. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-906899-37-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-906899-37-0"><bdi>0-906899-37-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trains+in+Trouble%3A+Vol.+6&rft.place=Penryn&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Atlantic+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-906899-37-0&rft.aulast=Earnshaw&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsbester2017" class="citation web cs1">Esbester, Mike (1 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railwayaccidents.port.ac.uk/they-started-and-died-young/">"They started – and died - young"</a>. <i>Railway Work, Life & Death</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Railway+Work%2C+Life+%26+Death&rft.atitle=They+started+%E2%80%93+and+died+-+young&rft.date=2017-08-01&rft.aulast=Esbester&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwayaccidents.port.ac.uk%2Fthey-started-and-died-young%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001432/18970522/190/0009">"News in a nutshell"</a></span>. <i>West Somerset Free Press</i>. England. 22 May 1897<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2017</span> – via British Newspaper Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=West+Somerset+Free+Press&rft.atitle=News+in+a+nutshell&rft.date=1897-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk%2Fviewer%2Fbl%2F0001432%2F18970522%2F190%2F0009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000164/19010807/102/0006">"Caledonian Railway Chairmanship"</a></span>. <i>Dundee Courier</i>. Scotland. 7 August 1901<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2017</span> – via British Newspaper Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dundee+Courier&rft.atitle=Caledonian+Railway+Chairmanship&rft.date=1901-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk%2Fviewer%2Fbl%2F0000164%2F19010807%2F102%2F0006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001861/19060616/014/0008">"A last look round at the week's news"</a></span>. <i>The Sphere</i>. England. 16 June 1906<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2017</span> – via British Newspaper Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sphere&rft.atitle=A+last+look+round+at+the+week%27s+news&rft.date=1906-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk%2Fviewer%2Fbl%2F0001861%2F19060616%2F014%2F0008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000747/19060620/052/0003">"The New Caledonian Chairman"</a></span>. <i>Leeds Mercury</i>. England. 20 June 1906<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2017</span> – via British Newspaper Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leeds+Mercury&rft.atitle=The+New+Caledonian+Chairman&rft.date=1906-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk%2Fviewer%2Fbl%2F0000747%2F19060620%2F052%2F0003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dow-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dow_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDow1973" class="citation book cs1">Dow, George (1973). <i>Railway Heraldry</i>. Newton Abbot: David & Charles Plc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7153-5896-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7153-5896-0"><bdi>0-7153-5896-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railway+Heraldry&rft.place=Newton+Abbot&rft.pub=David+%26+Charles+Plc&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-7153-5896-0&rft.aulast=Dow&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>British railways pre-grouping atlas and gazetteer</i> (3rd ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Ian_Allan_Publishing" title="Ian Allan Publishing">Ian Allan</a>. 1963. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/221386661">221386661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+railways+pre-grouping+atlas+and+gazetteer&rft.place=London&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F221386661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>British railways pre-grouping atlas and gazetteer</i> (4th ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Ian_Allan_Publishing" title="Ian Allan Publishing">Ian Allan</a>. 1965. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38260240">38260240</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+railways+pre-grouping+atlas+and+gazetteer&rft.place=London&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38260240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>British railways pre-grouping atlas and gazetteer</i> (5th ed.). Shepperton: <a href="/wiki/Ian_Allan_Publishing" title="Ian Allan Publishing">Ian Allan</a>. 1972. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-0320-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-0320-3"><bdi>0-7110-0320-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/811476">811476</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+railways+pre-grouping+atlas+and+gazetteer&rft.place=Shepperton&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F811476&rft.isbn=0-7110-0320-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>British railways pre-grouping atlas and gazetteer</i> (5th edition; 3rd impression ed.). Shepperton: <a href="/wiki/Ian_Allan_Publishing" title="Ian Allan Publishing">Ian Allan</a>. 1974. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-0320-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-0320-3"><bdi>0-7110-0320-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/256832221">256832221</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+railways+pre-grouping+atlas+and+gazetteer&rft.place=Shepperton&rft.edition=5th+edition%3B+3rd+impression&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F256832221&rft.isbn=0-7110-0320-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConolly1980" class="citation book cs1">Conolly, W. Philip (1980). <i>British railways pre-grouping atlas and gazetteer</i> (5th edition; 4th impression ed.). Shepperton: <a href="/wiki/Ian_Allan_Publishing" title="Ian Allan Publishing">Ian Allan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-0320-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-0320-3"><bdi>0-7110-0320-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/221481275">221481275</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+railways+pre-grouping+atlas+and+gazetteer&rft.place=Shepperton&rft.edition=5th+edition%3B+4th+impression&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F221481275&rft.isbn=0-7110-0320-3&rft.aulast=Conolly&rft.aufirst=W.+Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAwdry1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Awdry" title="Christopher Awdry">Awdry, Christopher</a> (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofbr0000chri"><i>Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies</i></a></span>. Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-8526-0049-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-8526-0049-7"><bdi>1-8526-0049-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19514063">19514063</a>. CN 8983.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+British+Railway+Companies&rft.place=Sparkford&rft.pub=Patrick+Stephens+Ltd&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19514063&rft.isbn=1-8526-0049-7&rft.aulast=Awdry&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofbr0000chri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammerton1920" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Hammerton" title="John Alexander Hammerton">Hammerton, John Alexander</a> (1920). <i>Harmsworth's universal encyclopedia</i> (1st ed.). London: Educational Book Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52464434">52464434</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harmsworth%27s+universal+encyclopedia&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Educational+Book+Co&rft.date=1920&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52464434&rft.aulast=Hammerton&rft.aufirst=John+Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammerton1925" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Hammerton" title="John Alexander Hammerton">Hammerton, John Alexander</a> (1925). <i>Harmsworth's universal encyclopedia</i> (Revised ed.). London: Educational Book Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/219858827">219858827</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harmsworth%27s+universal+encyclopedia&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Educational+Book+Co&rft.date=1925&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F219858827&rft.aulast=Hammerton&rft.aufirst=John+Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeapRiemsdijk,_John_vanScience_Museum1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christine_Heap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christine Heap (page does not exist)">Heap, Christine</a>; Riemsdijk, John van; <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a> (1985). <i>The pre-grouping railways : their development, and individual characters</i>. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-1129-0432-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-1129-0432-7"><bdi>0-1129-0432-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19513618">19513618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+pre-grouping+railways+%3A+their+development%2C+and+individual+characters&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Her+Majesty%27s+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19513618&rft.isbn=0-1129-0432-7&rft.aulast=Heap&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft.au=Riemsdijk%2C+John+van&rft.au=Science+Museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNockCross1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Nock" class="mw-redirect" title="Oswald Nock">Nock, Oswald</a>; Cross, Derek (1960). <i>Main Lines Across the Border</i> (1st ed.). London: Nelson. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12273673">12273673</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Main+Lines+Across+the+Border&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Nelson&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12273673&rft.aulast=Nock&rft.aufirst=Oswald&rft.au=Cross%2C+Derek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNockCross1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Nock" class="mw-redirect" title="Oswald Nock">Nock, Oswald</a>; Cross, Derek (1982). <i>Main Lines Across the Border</i> (Revised ed.). 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Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8597-6088-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8597-6088-X"><bdi>0-8597-6088-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Scottish+Railway+System%3A+1722-1844&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=John+Donald+Publishers+Ltd&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-8597-6088-X&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=C.+J.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1971" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Thomas, John (1971). <i>A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain</i>. Vol. VI Scotland: The Lowlands and the Borders (1st ed.). Newton Abbot, Devon: David & Charles. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7153-5408-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7153-5408-6"><bdi>0-7153-5408-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16198685">16198685</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Regional+History+of+the+Railways+of+Great+Britain&rft.place=Newton+Abbot%2C+Devon&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=David+%26+Charles&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16198685&rft.isbn=0-7153-5408-6&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasPaterson1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Thomas, John; Paterson, Rev A. J. S. (1984). <i>A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain</i>. Vol. VI Scotland: The Lowlands and the Borders (2nd ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9465-3712-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9465-3712-7"><bdi>0-9465-3712-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12521072">12521072</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Regional+History+of+the+Railways+of+Great+Britain&rft.place=Newton+Abbott%2C+Devon&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=David+%26+Charles&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12521072&rft.isbn=0-9465-3712-7&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Paterson%2C+Rev+A.+J.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaledonian+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mullay, A. J. (2010) <i>Through Scotland with the Caledonian Railway</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781840334913" title="Special:BookSources/9781840334913">9781840334913</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_Railway&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caledonian_Railway" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Caledonian Railway">Caledonian Railway</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crassoc.org.uk/">The Caledonian Railway Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railscot.co.uk/Caledonian_Railway/frame.htm">The Caledonian Railway on Railscot</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:LMSconstituents" title="Template talk:LMSconstituents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LMSconstituents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LMSconstituents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Constituent_railway_companies_of_the_London,_Midland_and_Scottish_Railway" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Constituent railway companies of the <a href="/wiki/London,_Midland_and_Scottish_Railway" title="London, Midland and Scottish Railway">London, Midland and Scottish Railway</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constituent companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caledonian Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furness_Railway" title="Furness Railway">Furness Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_and_South_Western_Railway" title="Glasgow and South Western Railway">Glasgow and South Western Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Railway" title="Highland Railway">Highland Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_and_Yorkshire_Railway" title="Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway">Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_and_North_Western_Railway" title="London and North Western Railway">London and North Western Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland_Railway" title="Midland Railway">Midland Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Staffordshire_Railway" title="North Staffordshire Railway">North Staffordshire Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiary companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbroath_and_Forfar_Railway" title="Arbroath and Forfar Railway">Arbroath and Forfar Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brechin_and_Edzell_District_Railway" title="Brechin and Edzell District Railway">Brechin and Edzell District Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callander_and_Oban_Railway" title="Callander and Oban Railway">Callander and Oban Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathcart_District_Railway" title="Cathcart District Railway">Cathcart District Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charnwood_Forest_Railway" title="Charnwood Forest Railway">Charnwood Forest Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleator_and_Workington_Junction_Railway" title="Cleator and Workington Junction Railway">Cleator and Workington Junction Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockermouth,_Keswick_and_Penrith_Railway" title="Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway">Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dearne_Valley_Railway" title="Dearne Valley Railway">Dearne Valley Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornoch_Light_Railway" title="Dornoch Light Railway">Dornoch Light Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee_and_Newtyle_Railway" title="Dundee and Newtyle Railway">Dundee and Newtyle Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harborne_Railway" title="Harborne Railway">Harborne Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killin_Railway" title="Killin Railway">Killin Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanarkshire_and_Ayrshire_Railway" title="Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway">Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garstang_and_Knot-End_Railway" title="Garstang and Knot-End Railway">Knott End Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leek_and_Manifold_Valley_Light_Railway" title="Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway">Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryport_and_Carlisle_Railway" title="Maryport and Carlisle Railway">Maryport and Carlisle Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mold_and_Denbigh_Junction_Railway" title="Mold and Denbigh Junction Railway">Mold and Denbigh Junction Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_and_South_Western_Junction_Railway" title="North and South Western Junction Railway">North and South Western Junction Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_London_Railway" title="North London Railway">North London Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portpatrick_and_Wigtownshire_Joint_Railway" title="Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway">Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Union_Railways_and_Canal_Company" title="Shropshire Union Railways and Canal Company">Shropshire Union Railways and Canal Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solway_Junction_Railway" title="Solway Junction Railway">Solway Junction Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon_and_Midland_Junction_Railway" title="Stratford-upon-Avon and Midland Junction Railway">Stratford-upon-Avon and Midland Junction Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottenham_and_Forest_Gate_Railway" title="Tottenham and Forest Gate Railway">Tottenham and Forest Gate Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wick_and_Lybster_Light_Railway" title="Wick and Lybster Light Railway">Wick and Lybster Light Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirral_Railway" title="Wirral Railway">Wirral Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Dales_Railway" title="Yorkshire Dales Railway">Yorkshire Dales Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former joint railways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashby_and_Nuneaton_Joint_Railway" title="Ashby and Nuneaton Joint Railway">Ashby and Nuneaton Joint Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_railway_station" title="Carlisle railway station">Citadel Station Joint Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_and_Paisley_Joint_Railway" title="Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway">Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow,_Barrhead_and_Kilmarnock_Joint_Railway" title="Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway">Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furness_and_Midland_Joint_Railway" title="Furness and Midland Joint Railway">Furness and Midland Joint Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_railway_station" title="Carlisle railway station">Goods Traffic Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Union_Railway" title="Lancashire Union Railway">Lancashire Union Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Union_Railway" title="North Union Railway">North Union Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_and_Longridge_Railway" title="Preston and Longridge Railway">Preston and Longridge Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_and_Wyre_Joint_Railway" title="Preston and Wyre Joint Railway">Preston and Wyre Joint Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehaven,_Cleator_and_Egremont_Railway" title="Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway">Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituents_of_the_London,_Midland_and_Scottish_Railway" title="List of constituents of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway">(Full list of constituents)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_&quot;Big_Four&quot;_pre-nationalisation_British_railway_companies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Big_Four_pre-nationalisation_British_railway_companies" title="Template:Big Four pre-nationalisation British railway companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Big_Four_pre-nationalisation_British_railway_companies" title="Template talk:Big Four pre-nationalisation British railway companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Big_Four_pre-nationalisation_British_railway_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Big Four pre-nationalisation British railway companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_&quot;Big_Four&quot;_pre-nationalisation_British_railway_companies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The "Big Four" pre-<a href="/wiki/British_Rail" title="British Rail">nationalisation</a> British railway companies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8f691e ; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" title="Great Western Railway">Great Western</a></span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#99cc67; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/London_and_North_Eastern_Railway" title="London and North Eastern Railway">London & North Eastern</a></span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#AF1E2D ; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/London,_Midland_and_Scottish_Railway" title="London, Midland and Scottish Railway">London, Midland & Scottish</a></span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008000 ; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_(UK)" title="Southern Railway (UK)">Southern</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Great Western Railway">GWR</abbr> constituents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_(Newport_and_South_Wales)_Docks_and_Railway" title="Alexandra (Newport and South Wales) Docks and Railway">Alexandra Docks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Railway_Company" title="Barry Railway Company">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambrian_Railways" title="Cambrian Railways">Cambrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Railway" title="Cardiff Railway">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" title="Great Western Railway">Great Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhymney_Railway" title="Rhymney Railway">Rhymney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taff_Vale_Railway" title="Taff Vale Railway">Taff Vale</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituents_of_the_Great_Western_Railway" title="List of constituents of the Great Western Railway">Full list</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="London and North Eastern Railway">LNER</abbr> constituents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Central_Railway" title="Great Central Railway">Great Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Eastern_Railway" title="Great Eastern Railway">Great Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Railway_(Great_Britain)" title="Great Northern Railway (Great Britain)">Great Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_North_of_Scotland_Railway" title="Great North of Scotland Railway">Great North of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_and_Barnsley_Railway" title="Hull and Barnsley Railway">Hull & Barnsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_British_Railway" title="North British Railway">North British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Railway_(United_Kingdom)" title="North Eastern Railway (United Kingdom)">North Eastern</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituents_of_the_London_and_North_Eastern_Railway" title="List of constituents of the London and North Eastern Railway">Full list</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="London, Midland and Scottish Railway">LMS</abbr> constituents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caledonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furness_Railway" title="Furness Railway">Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_and_South_Western_Railway" title="Glasgow and South Western Railway">Glasgow & South Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Railway" title="Highland Railway">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_and_Yorkshire_Railway" title="Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway">Lancashire & Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_and_North_Western_Railway" title="London and North Western Railway">London & North Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland_Railway" title="Midland Railway">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Staffordshire_Railway" title="North Staffordshire Railway">North Staffordshire</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituents_of_the_London,_Midland_and_Scottish_Railway" title="List of constituents of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway">Full list</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Southern Railway">SR</abbr> constituents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_and_South_Western_Railway" title="London and South Western Railway">London & South Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London,_Brighton_and_South_Coast_Railway" title="London, Brighton and South Coast Railway">London, Brighton & South Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London,_Chatham_and_Dover_Railway" title="London, Chatham and Dover Railway">London, Chatham and Dover Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_and_Chatham_Railway" title="South Eastern and Chatham Railway">South Eastern and Chatham Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Railway_(England)" title="South Eastern Railway (England)">South Eastern Railway</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituents_of_the_Southern_Railway" title="List of constituents of the Southern Railway">Full list</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Great_Britain_1923%E2%80%931947" title="History of rail transport in Great Britain 1923–1947">History of rail transport in Great Britain 1923–1947</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_companies_involved_in_the_1923_grouping" title="List of railway companies involved in the 1923 grouping">List of companies involved in the grouping</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_Scottish_railway_companies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_Scottish_railway_companies" title="Template:Historical Scottish railway companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_Scottish_railway_companies" title="Template talk:Historical Scottish railway companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_Scottish_railway_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical Scottish railway companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_Scottish_railway_companies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Historical Scottish railway companies</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caledonian Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_and_South_Western_Railway" title="Glasgow and South Western Railway">Glasgow and South Western Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_North_of_Scotland_Railway" title="Great North of Scotland Railway">Great North of Scotland Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Railway" title="Highland Railway">Highland Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_British_Railway" title="North British Railway">North British Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caledonian<br />Railway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Railway" title="Aberdeen Railway">Aberdeen Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alloa_Railway" title="Alloa Railway">Alloa Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyth_Railway" title="Alyth Railway">Alyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbroath_and_Forfar_Railway" title="Arbroath and Forfar Railway">Arbroath and Forfar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busby_Railway" title="Busby Railway">Busby Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathcart_District_Railway" title="Cathcart District Railway">Cathcart District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clydesdale_Junction_Railway" title="Clydesdale Junction Railway">Clydesdale Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crieff_Junction_Railway" title="Crieff Junction Railway">Crieff Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crieff_and_Comrie_Railway" title="Crieff and Comrie Railway">Crieff and Comrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crieff_and_Methven_Junction_Railway" title="Crieff and Methven Junction Railway">Crieff and Methven Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumfries,_Lochmaben_and_Lockerbie_Railway" title="Dumfries, Lochmaben and Lockerbie Railway">Dumfries, Lochmaben and Lockerbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunblane,_Doune_and_Callander_Railway" title="Dunblane, Doune and Callander Railway">Dunblane, Doune and Callander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee_and_Perth_Railway" title="Dundee and Perth Railway">Dundee and Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee_and_Perth_Railway" title="Dundee and Perth Railway">Dundee and Perth and Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forfar_and_Brechin_Railway" title="Forfar and Brechin Railway">Forfar and Brechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Terminus_and_Glasgow_Harbour_Railway" title="General Terminus and Glasgow Harbour Railway">General Terminus and Glasgow Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnkirk_and_Glasgow_Railway" title="Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway">Garnkirk and Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Central_Railway" title="Glasgow Central Railway">Glasgow Central Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow,_Paisley_and_Greenock_Railway" title="Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway">Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenock_and_Wemyss_Bay_Railway" title="Greenock and Wemyss Bay Railway">Greenock and Wemyss Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_and_Strathaven_Railway" title="Hamilton and Strathaven Railway">Hamilton and Strathaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanarkshire_and_Ayrshire_Railway" title="Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway">Lanarkshire and Ayrshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanarkshire_and_Dumbartonshire_Railway" title="Lanarkshire and Dumbartonshire Railway">Lanarkshire and Dumbartonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadhills_and_Wanlockhead_Branch" title="Leadhills and Wanlockhead Branch">Leadhills and Wanlockhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesmahagow_Railway" title="Lesmahagow Railway">Lesmahagow Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochearnhead,_St_Fillans_and_Comrie_Railway" title="Lochearnhead, St Fillans and Comrie Railway">Lochearnhead, St Fillans and Comrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_and_Barrhead_District_Railway" title="Paisley and Barrhead District Railway">Paisley and Barrhead District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth,_Almond_Valley_and_Methven_Railway" title="Perth, Almond Valley and Methven Railway">Perth, Almond Valley and Methven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polloc_and_Govan_Railway" title="Polloc and Govan Railway">Polloc and Govan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherglen_and_Coatbridge_Railway" title="Rutherglen and Coatbridge Railway">Rutherglen and Coatbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Central_Railway" title="Scottish Central Railway">Scottish Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Midland_Junction_Railway" title="Scottish Midland Junction Railway">Scottish Midland Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_North_Eastern_Railway" title="Scottish North Eastern Railway">Scottish North Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solway_Junction_Railway" title="Solway Junction Railway">Solway Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symington,_Biggar_and_Broughton_Railway" title="Symington, Biggar and Broughton Railway">Symington, Biggar and Broughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talla_Railway" title="Talla Railway">Talla Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishaw_and_Coltness_Railway" title="Wishaw and Coltness Railway">Wishaw and Coltness</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Lines built by the Caledonian Railway</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Balerno_line" title="Balerno line">Balerno line</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cleland_and_Midcalder_Line" title="Cleland and Midcalder Line">CR Cleland and Midcalder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Main_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Caledonian Main Line">CR Main Line</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Branch_(Caledonian_Railway)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Branch (Caledonian Railway) (page does not exist)">CR Douglas Branch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Branch_(railway)" title="Hamilton Branch (railway)">CR Hamilton Branch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hamiltonhill_Branch" title="Hamiltonhill Branch">CR Hamiltonhill Branch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Switchback" title="The Switchback">CR The Switchback</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Independent lines worked by the Caledonian Railway</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Callander_and_Oban_Railway" title="Callander and Oban Railway">Callander and Oban</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Killin_Railway" title="Killin Railway">Killin Railway</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Glasgow and South <br /> Western Railway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardrossan_Railway" title="Ardrossan Railway">Ardrossan Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardrossan_Railway" title="Ardrossan Railway">Ardrossan and Johnstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayr_and_Dalmellington_Railway" title="Ayr and Dalmellington Railway">Ayr and Dalmellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayr_and_Maybole_Junction_Railway" title="Ayr and Maybole Junction Railway">Ayr and Maybole Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayr_to_Mauchline_Branch" title="Ayr to Mauchline Branch">Ayr to Mauchline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girvan_and_Portpatrick_Junction_Railway" title="Girvan and Portpatrick Junction Railway">Ayrshire and Wigtownshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrhead_Branch" title="Barrhead Branch">Barrhead Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Weir_Railway" title="Bridge of Weir Railway">Bridge of Weir Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn_Valley_Light_Railway" title="Cairn Valley Light Railway">Cairn Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caledonian_and_Dumbartonshire_Junction_Railway" title="Caledonian and Dumbartonshire Junction Railway">Caledonian and Dumbartonshire Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Douglas_and_Dumfries_Railway" title="Castle Douglas and Dumfries Railway">Castle Douglas and Dumfries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalry_and_North_Johnstone_Line" title="Dalry and North Johnstone Line">Dalry and North Johnstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darvel_Branch" title="Darvel Branch">Darvel Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girvan_and_Portpatrick_Junction_Railway" title="Girvan and Portpatrick Junction Railway">Girvan and Portpatrick Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow,_Dumfries_and_Carlisle_Railway" title="Glasgow, Dumfries and Carlisle Railway">Glasgow, Dumfries and Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow,_Paisley,_Kilmarnock_and_Ayr_Railway" title="Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway">Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenock_and_Ayrshire_Railway" title="Greenock and Ayrshire Railway">Greenock and Ayrshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilmarnock_and_Troon_Railway" title="Kilmarnock and Troon Railway">Kilmarnock and Troon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Largs_Branch" title="Largs Branch">Largs Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidens_and_Dunure_Light_Railway" title="Maidens and Dunure Light Railway">Maidens and Dunure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maybole_and_Girvan_Railway" title="Maybole and Girvan Railway">Maybole and Girvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_and_Renfrew_Railway" title="Paisley and Renfrew Railway">Paisley and Renfrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_Canal_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Paisley Canal Line">Paisley Canal Line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Great North of <br /> Scotland Railway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banff,_Macduff_and_Turriff_Junction_Railway" title="Banff, Macduff and Turriff Junction Railway">Aberdeen and Turriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deeside_Railway" title="Deeside Railway">Aboyne and Braemar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alford_Valley_Railway_(GNoSR)" title="Alford Valley Railway (GNoSR)">Alford Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banff,_Macduff_and_Turriff_Junction_Railway" title="Banff, Macduff and Turriff Junction Railway">Banff, Macduff and Turriff Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banff,_Portsoy_and_Strathisla_Railway" title="Banff, Portsoy and Strathisla Railway">Banff, Portsoy and Strathisla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boddam_Branch_(GNoSR)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boddam Branch (GNoSR) (page does not exist)">Boddam Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deeside_Railway" title="Deeside Railway">Deeside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denburn_Valley_Line" title="Denburn Valley Line">Denburn Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formartine_and_Buchan_Railway" title="Formartine and Buchan Railway">Formartine and Buchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverury_and_Old_Meldrum_Junction_Railway" title="Inverury and Old Meldrum Junction Railway">Inverury and Old Meldrum Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_and_Dufftown_Railway_(GNoSR)" title="Keith and Dufftown Railway (GNoSR)">Keith and Dufftown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moray_Coast_Railway" title="Moray Coast Railway">Moray Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morayshire_Railway" title="Morayshire Railway">Morayshire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Combs_Light_Railway_(GNoSR)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St Combs Light Railway (GNoSR) (page does not exist)">St Combs Light Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathspey_Railway_(GNoSR)" title="Strathspey Railway (GNoSR)">Strathspey Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Highland Railway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckie_and_Portessie_Branch" title="Buckie and Portessie Branch">Buckie and Portessie Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingwall_and_Skye_Railway" title="Dingwall and Skye Railway">Dingwall and Skye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Sutherland%27s_Railway" title="Duke of Sutherland's Railway">Duke of Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_and_Aberdeen_Junction_Railway#Findhorn_Railway" title="Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway">Findhorn Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortrose_Branch" title="Fortrose Branch">Fortrose Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_and_Aberdeen_Junction_Railway" title="Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway">Inverness and Aberdeen Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_and_Aviemore_Direct_Railway" title="Inverness and Aviemore Direct Railway">Inverness and Aviemore Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_and_Nairn_Railway" title="Inverness and Nairn Railway">Inverness and Nairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_and_Perth_Junction_Railway" title="Inverness and Perth Junction Railway">Inverness and Perth Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_and_Ross-shire_Railway" title="Inverness and Ross-shire Railway">Inverness and Ross-shire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingwall_and_Skye_Railway" title="Dingwall and Skye Railway">Kyle of Lochalsh Extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth_and_Dunkeld_Railway" title="Perth and Dunkeld Railway">Perth and Dunkeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutherland_and_Caithness_Railway" title="Sutherland and Caithness Railway">Sutherland and Caithness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutherland_Railway" title="Sutherland Railway">Sutherland Railway</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Independent lines worked by the Highland Railway</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dornoch_Light_Railway" title="Dornoch Light Railway">Dornoch Light Railway</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wick_and_Lybster_Light_Railway" title="Wick and Lybster Light Railway">Wick and Lybster Light Railway</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North British<br />Railway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberlady,_Gullane_and_North_Berwick_Railway" title="Aberlady, Gullane and North Berwick Railway">Aberlady, Gullane and North Berwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fife_Coast_Railway#Anstruther_and_St_Andrews_Railway" title="Fife Coast Railway">Anstruther and St Andrews Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballochney_Railway" title="Ballochney Railway">Ballochney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathgate_and_Coatbridge_Railway" title="Bathgate and Coatbridge Railway">Bathgate and Coatbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blane_Valley_Railway" title="Blane Valley Railway">Blane Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Counties_Railway" title="Border Counties Railway">Border Counties Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Union_Railway" title="Border Union Railway">Border Union Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campsie_Branch_(E%26GR)" class="mw-redirect" title="Campsie Branch (E&GR)">Campsie Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_and_Silloth_Bay_Railway_and_Dock_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle and Silloth Bay Railway and Dock Company">Carlisle and Silloth Bay Railway and Dock Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_mineral_railways_of_Dunfermline#Charlestown_Railway_and_Harbour_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="The mineral railways of Dunfermline">Charlestown Railway and Harbour Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatbridge_Branch_(NBR)" title="Coatbridge Branch (NBR)">Coatbridge Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Valley_Railway" title="Devon Valley Railway">Devon Valley Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunfermline_and_Queensferry_Railway" title="Dunfermline and Queensferry Railway">Dunfermline and Queensferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fife_Coast_Railway#East_of_Fife_Railway" title="Fife Coast Railway">East of Fife Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_to_Bathgate_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh to Bathgate Line">Edinburgh and Bathgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_and_Dalkeith_Railway" title="Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway">Edinburgh and Dalkeith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_and_Glasgow_Railway" title="Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway">Edinburgh and Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_and_Hawick_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh and Hawick Railway">Edinburgh and Hawick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh,_Leith_and_Newhaven_Railway" title="Edinburgh, Leith and Newhaven Railway">Edinburgh, Leith and Newhaven Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh,_Loanhead_and_Roslin_Railway" title="Edinburgh, Loanhead and Roslin Railway">Edinburgh, Loanhead and Roslin Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_and_Northern_Railway" title="Edinburgh and Northern Railway">Edinburgh and Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Suburban_and_Southside_Junction_Railway" title="Edinburgh Suburban and Southside Junction Railway">Edinburgh Suburban and Southside Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esk_Valley_Railway_(Scotland)" title="Esk Valley Railway (Scotland)">Esk Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyemouth_Railway" title="Eyemouth Railway">Eyemouth Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railways_of_Kinross#Fife_and_Kinross_Railway" title="Railways of Kinross">Fife and Kinross Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forth_and_Clyde_Junction_Railway" title="Forth and Clyde Junction Railway">Forth and Clyde Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifford_and_Garvald_Railway" title="Gifford and Garvald Railway">Gifford and Garvald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow,_Bothwell,_Hamilton_and_Coatbridge_Railway" title="Glasgow, Bothwell, Hamilton and Coatbridge Railway">Glasgow, Bothwell, Hamilton and Coatbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_City_and_District_Railway" title="Glasgow City and District Railway">Glasgow City and District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow,_Dumbarton_and_Helensburgh_Railway" title="Glasgow, Dumbarton and Helensburgh Railway">Glasgow, Dumbarton and Helensburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_and_Milngavie_Junction_Railway" title="Glasgow and Milngavie Junction Railway">Glasgow and Milngavie Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow,_Yoker_and_Clydebank_Railway" title="Glasgow, Yoker and Clydebank Railway">Glasgow, Yoker and Clydebank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Valley_Railway" title="Kelvin Valley Railway">Kelvin Valley Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kincardine_Line" title="Kincardine Line">Kincardine Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railways_of_Kinross#Kinross-shire_Railway" title="Railways of Kinross">Kinross-shire Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkcaldy_and_District_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirkcaldy and District Railway">Kirkcaldy and District Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadburn,_Linton_and_Dolphinton_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Leadburn, Linton and Dolphinton Railway">Leadburn, Linton and Dolphinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fife_Coast_Railway#Leven_Railway" title="Fife Coast Railway">Leven Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fife_Coast_Railway#Leven_and_East_of_Fife_Railway" title="Fife Coast Railway">Leven and East of Fife Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macmerry_Branch" title="Macmerry Branch">Macmerry Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkland_and_Kirkintilloch_Railway" title="Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway">Monkland and Kirkintilloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkland_Railways" title="Monkland Railways">Monkland Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrose_and_Bervie_Railway" title="Montrose and Bervie Railway">Montrose and Bervie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallaig_Extension_Railway" title="Mallaig Extension Railway">Mallaig Extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_and_North_Fife_Railway" title="Newburgh and North Fife Railway">Newburgh and North Fife Railway</a> (worked by NBR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Railway,_Scotland" title="Newport Railway, Scotland">Newport Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Berwick_Branch" title="North Berwick Branch">North Berwick Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_British,_Arbroath_and_Montrose_Railway" title="North British, Arbroath and Montrose Railway">North British, Arbroath and Montrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peebles_Railway" title="Peebles Railway">Peebles Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_St._Andrews_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="The St. Andrews Railway">The St. Andrews Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_and_Dunfermline_Railway" title="Stirling and Dunfermline Railway">Stirling and Dunfermline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathendrick_and_Aberfoyle_Railway" title="Strathendrick and Aberfoyle Railway">Strathendrick and Aberfoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slamannan_Railway" title="Slamannan Railway">Slamannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slamannan_and_Borrowstounness_Railway" title="Slamannan and Borrowstounness Railway">Slamannan and Borrowstounness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemyss_and_Buckhaven_Railway" title="Wemyss and Buckhaven Railway">Wemyss and Buckhaven Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Highland_Railway" title="West Highland Railway">West Highland Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_mineral_railways_of_Dunfermline#West_of_Fife_Mineral_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="The mineral railways of Dunfermline">West of Fife Mineral Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilsontown,_Morningside_and_Coltness_Railway" title="Wilsontown, Morningside and Coltness Railway">Wilsontown, Morningside and Coltness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caledonian_and_Dumbartonshire_Junction_Railway" title="Caledonian and Dumbartonshire Junction Railway">Caledonian and Dumbartonshire Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Union_Line" title="City Union Line">City Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee_and_Arbroath_Railway" title="Dundee and Arbroath Railway">Dundee and Arbroath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darvel_and_Strathaven_Railway" title="Darvel and Strathaven Railway">Darvel and Strathaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_and_Paisley_Joint_Railway" title="Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway">Glasgow and Paisley Joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_and_Renfrew_District_Railway" title="Glasgow and Renfrew District Railway">Glasgow and Renfrew District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow,_Barrhead_and_Kilmarnock_Joint_Railway" title="Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway">Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilsyth_and_Bonnybridge_railway" title="Kilsyth and Bonnybridge railway">Kilsyth and Bonnybridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portpatrick_and_Wigtownshire_Joint_Railway" title="Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway">Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brechin_and_Edzell_District_Railway" title="Brechin and Edzell District Railway">Brechin and Edzell District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbeltown_and_Machrihanish_Light_Railway" title="Campbeltown and Machrihanish Light Railway">Campbeltown and Machrihanish Light Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromarty_and_Dingwall_Light_Railway" title="Cromarty and Dingwall Light Railway">Cromarty and Dingwall Light Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee_and_Arbroath_Railway" title="Dundee and Arbroath Railway">Dundee and Arbroath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagdale_Chromate_Railway" title="Hagdale Chromate Railway">Hagdale Chromate Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invergarry_and_Fort_Augustus_Railway" title="Invergarry and Fort Augustus Railway">Invergarry and Fort Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lealt_Valley_Diatomite_Railway" title="Lealt Valley Diatomite Railway">Lealt Valley Diatomite Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochaber_Narrow_Gauge_Railway" title="Lochaber Narrow Gauge Railway">Lochaber Narrow Gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth,_Almond_Valley_and_Methven_Railway" title="Perth, Almond Valley and Methven Railway">Perth, Almond Valley and Methven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothesay_and_Ettrick_Bay_Light_Railway" title="Rothesay and Ettrick Bay Light Railway">Rothesay and Ettrick Bay Light Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skye_Marble_Railway" title="Skye Marble Railway">Skye Marble Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranent_to_Cockenzie_Waggonway" title="Tranent to Cockenzie Waggonway">Tranent to Cockenzie Waggonway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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