Relativity, Amazon, and NASA continue work on Cape infrastructure

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-59741-8"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)}; gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-59741-8'); </script> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NASASpaceFlight.com RSS Feed" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="NASASpaceFlight.com Atom Feed" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/feed/atom/" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/xmlrpc.php" />  <link rel='preconnect' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='preconnect' href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' /> <meta http-equiv='x-dns-prefetch-control' content='on'> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.gstatic.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.google-analytics.com' /> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <title>Relativity, Amazon, and NASA continue work on Cape infrastructure - NASASpaceFlight.com</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Relativity, Amazon, and NASA continue work on Cape infrastructure - NASASpaceFlight.com" /> <meta property="og:description" content="In addition to SpaceX’s work, Cape Canaveral has been busy with Relativity Space focusing on…" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NASASpaceFlight.com" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/NASASpaceflight/" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-11-22T20:44:03+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7549-wmarked-520x350.jpeg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="520" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="350" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="Justin Davenport" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@Bubbinski" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@NASASpaceflight" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/"},"author":{"name":"Justin Davenport","@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/#/schema/person/49741a7ce39112869989f396c9d5da77"},"headline":"Relativity, Amazon, and NASA continue work on Cape infrastructure","datePublished":"2024-11-22T20:44:03+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-22T20:44:03+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/"},"wordCount":1391,"publisher":{"@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7549-wmarked-scaled.jpeg","keywords":["Blue Origin","mobile launcher","NASA","Relativity"],"articleSection":["Blue Origin","Commercial","Featured"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/","url":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/","name":"Relativity, Amazon, and NASA continue work on Cape infrastructure - NASASpaceFlight.com","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7549-wmarked-scaled.jpeg","datePublished":"2024-11-22T20:44:03+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-22T20:44:03+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/#primaryimage","url":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7549-wmarked-scaled.jpeg","contentUrl":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7549-wmarked-scaled.jpeg","width":2560,"height":1722},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Relativity, Amazon, and NASA continue work on Cape infrastructure"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/#website","url":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/","name":"NASASpaceFlight.com","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/#organization","name":"NASASpaceFlight.com","url":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/logo.svg","contentUrl":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/logo.svg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"NASASpaceFlight.com"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/NASASpaceflight/","https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSUu1lih2RifWkKtDOJdsBA"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/#/schema/person/49741a7ce39112869989f396c9d5da77","name":"Justin Davenport","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5dc0dc04b38dbb016bf6f15552555883?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5dc0dc04b38dbb016bf6f15552555883?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Justin Davenport"},"description":"A total space cadet.","sameAs":["https://twitter.com/Bubbinski"],"url":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/justin/"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NASASpaceFlight.com » Feed" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NASASpaceFlight.com » Comments Feed" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.3.5"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83e\udef1\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83e\udef2\ud83c\udfff","\ud83e\udef1\ud83c\udffb\u200b\ud83e\udef2\ud83c\udfff")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.3.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-audio figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-image figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-image figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-right{border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-center{border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-plain{border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-video figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-template-part.has-background{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 12px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 32px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--normal: 14px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-notice-front-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/css/front.min.css?ver=2.4.18' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='penci-soledad-parent-style-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/style.css?ver=6.3.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='penci-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Monda%3A300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%7COxygen%3A300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%26subset%3Dlatin%2Ccyrillic%2Ccyrillic-ext%2Cgreek%2Cgreek-ext%2Clatin-ext&display=swap&ver=8.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='penci-main-style-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/main.css?ver=8.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='penci-font-awesomeold-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/css/font-awesome.4.7.0.swap.min.css?ver=4.7.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='penci_icon-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/css/penci-icon.css?ver=8.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='penci_style-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad-nsf/style.css?ver=8.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='penci_social_counter-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/css/social-counter.css?ver=8.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='penci-dark-style-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/dark.min.css?ver=8.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script id="cookie-notice-front-js-before" type="text/javascript"> var cnArgs = {"ajaxUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"b8558eb939","hideEffect":"fade","position":"bottom","onScroll":false,"onScrollOffset":100,"onClick":false,"cookieName":"cookie_notice_accepted","cookieTime":31536000,"cookieTimeRejected":2592000,"globalCookie":false,"redirection":false,"cache":true,"revokeCookies":false,"revokeCookiesOpt":"automatic"}; </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/js/front.min.js?ver=2.4.18' id='cookie-notice-front-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.0' id='jquery-core-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1' id='jquery-migrate-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='penci-dark-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var penci_dark = {"auto_by":"","darktheme":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/js/darkmode.js?ver=8.3.1' id='penci-dark-js'></script> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.3.5" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/?p=103309' /> <style id="penci-custom-style" type="text/css">body{ --pcbg-cl: #fff; --pctext-cl: #313131; --pcborder-cl: #dedede; --pcheading-cl: #313131; --pcmeta-cl: #888888; --pcaccent-cl: #6eb48c; --pcbody-font: 'PT Serif', serif; --pchead-font: 'Raleway', sans-serif; --pchead-wei: bold; } .single.penci-body-single-style-5 #header, .single.penci-body-single-style-6 #header, .single.penci-body-single-style-10 #header, .single.penci-body-single-style-5 .pc-wrapbuilder-header, .single.penci-body-single-style-6 .pc-wrapbuilder-header, .single.penci-body-single-style-10 .pc-wrapbuilder-header { --pchd-mg: 40px; } .fluid-width-video-wrapper > div { position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } .yt-video-place { position: relative; text-align: center; } .yt-video-place.embed-responsive .start-video { display: block; top: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; right: 0; position: absolute; transform: none; } .yt-video-place.embed-responsive .start-video img { margin: 0; padding: 0; top: 50%; display: inline-block; position: absolute; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); width: 68px; height: auto; } body { --pchead-font: 'Monda', sans-serif; } body { --pcbody-font: 'Oxygen', sans-serif; } p{ line-height: 1.8; } .penci-hide-tagupdated{ display: none !important; } body { --pchead-wei: 700; } .featured-area .penci-image-holder, .featured-area .penci-slider4-overlay, .featured-area .penci-slide-overlay .overlay-link, .featured-style-29 .featured-slider-overlay, .penci-slider38-overlay{ border-radius: ; -webkit-border-radius: ; } .penci-featured-content-right:before{ border-top-right-radius: ; border-bottom-right-radius: ; } .penci-flat-overlay .penci-slide-overlay .penci-mag-featured-content:before{ border-bottom-left-radius: ; border-bottom-right-radius: ; } .container-single .post-image{ border-radius: ; -webkit-border-radius: ; } .penci-mega-thumbnail .penci-image-holder{ border-radius: ; -webkit-border-radius: ; } body.penci-body-boxed { background-repeat:no-repeat; } body.penci-body-boxed { background-attachment:scroll; } body.penci-body-boxed { background-size:auto; } #header .inner-header .container { padding:30px 0; } body{ --pcaccent-cl: #d15e60; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .lines-button:after, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .penci-lines:before, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .penci-lines:after,.tags-share-box.tags-share-box-s2 .post-share-plike,.penci-video_playlist .penci-playlist-title,.pencisc-column-2.penci-video_playlist .penci-video-nav .playlist-panel-item, .pencisc-column-1.penci-video_playlist .penci-video-nav .playlist-panel-item,.penci-video_playlist .penci-custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb, .pencisc-button, .post-entry .pencisc-button, .penci-dropcap-box, .penci-dropcap-circle, .penci-login-register input[type="submit"]:hover, .penci-ld .penci-ldin:before, .penci-ldspinner > div{ background: #d15e60; } a, .post-entry .penci-portfolio-filter ul li a:hover, .penci-portfolio-filter ul li a:hover, .penci-portfolio-filter ul li.active a, .post-entry .penci-portfolio-filter ul li.active a, .penci-countdown .countdown-amount, .archive-box h1, .post-entry a, .container.penci-breadcrumb span a:hover,.container.penci-breadcrumb a:hover, .post-entry blockquote:before, .post-entry blockquote cite, .post-entry blockquote .author, .wpb_text_column blockquote:before, .wpb_text_column blockquote cite, .wpb_text_column blockquote .author, .penci-pagination a:hover, ul.penci-topbar-menu > li a:hover, div.penci-topbar-menu > ul > li a:hover, .penci-recipe-heading a.penci-recipe-print,.penci-review-metas .penci-review-btnbuy, .main-nav-social a:hover, .widget-social .remove-circle a:hover i, .penci-recipe-index .cat > a.penci-cat-name, #bbpress-forums li.bbp-body ul.forum li.bbp-forum-info a:hover, #bbpress-forums li.bbp-body ul.topic li.bbp-topic-title a:hover, #bbpress-forums li.bbp-body ul.forum li.bbp-forum-info .bbp-forum-content a, #bbpress-forums li.bbp-body ul.topic p.bbp-topic-meta a, #bbpress-forums .bbp-breadcrumb a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-forum-freshness a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-freshness a:hover, #buddypress ul.item-list li div.item-title a, #buddypress ul.item-list li h4 a, #buddypress .activity-header a:first-child, #buddypress .comment-meta a:first-child, #buddypress .acomment-meta a:first-child, div.bbp-template-notice a:hover, .penci-menu-hbg .menu li a .indicator:hover, .penci-menu-hbg .menu li a:hover, #sidebar-nav .menu li a:hover, .penci-rlt-popup .rltpopup-meta .rltpopup-title:hover, .penci-video_playlist .penci-video-playlist-item .penci-video-title:hover, .penci_list_shortcode li:before, .penci-dropcap-box-outline, .penci-dropcap-circle-outline, .penci-dropcap-regular, .penci-dropcap-bold{ color: #d15e60; } .penci-home-popular-post ul.slick-dots li button:hover, .penci-home-popular-post ul.slick-dots li.slick-active button, .post-entry blockquote .author span:after, .error-image:after, .error-404 .go-back-home a:after, .penci-header-signup-form, .woocommerce span.onsale, .woocommerce #respond input#submit:hover, .woocommerce a.button:hover, .woocommerce button.button:hover, .woocommerce input.button:hover, .woocommerce nav.woocommerce-pagination ul li span.current, .woocommerce div.product .entry-summary div[itemprop="description"]:before, .woocommerce div.product .entry-summary div[itemprop="description"] blockquote .author span:after, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs #tab-description blockquote .author span:after, .woocommerce #respond input#submit.alt:hover, .woocommerce a.button.alt:hover, .woocommerce button.button.alt:hover, .woocommerce input.button.alt:hover, .pcheader-icon.shoping-cart-icon > a > span, #penci-demobar .buy-button, #penci-demobar .buy-button:hover, .penci-recipe-heading a.penci-recipe-print:hover,.penci-review-metas .penci-review-btnbuy:hover, .penci-review-process span, .penci-review-score-total, #navigation.menu-style-2 ul.menu ul.sub-menu:before, #navigation.menu-style-2 .menu ul ul.sub-menu:before, .penci-go-to-top-floating, .post-entry.blockquote-style-2 blockquote:before, #bbpress-forums #bbp-search-form .button, #bbpress-forums #bbp-search-form .button:hover, .wrapper-boxed .bbp-pagination-links span.current, #bbpress-forums #bbp_reply_submit:hover, #bbpress-forums #bbp_topic_submit:hover,#main .bbp-login-form .bbp-submit-wrapper button[type="submit"]:hover, #buddypress .dir-search input[type=submit], #buddypress .groups-members-search input[type=submit], #buddypress button:hover, #buddypress a.button:hover, #buddypress a.button:focus, #buddypress input[type=button]:hover, #buddypress input[type=reset]:hover, #buddypress ul.button-nav li a:hover, #buddypress ul.button-nav li.current a, #buddypress div.generic-button a:hover, #buddypress .comment-reply-link:hover, #buddypress input[type=submit]:hover, #buddypress div.pagination .pagination-links .current, #buddypress div.item-list-tabs ul li.selected a, #buddypress div.item-list-tabs ul li.current a, #buddypress div.item-list-tabs ul li a:hover, #buddypress table.notifications thead tr, #buddypress table.notifications-settings thead tr, #buddypress table.profile-settings thead tr, #buddypress table.profile-fields thead tr, #buddypress table.wp-profile-fields thead tr, #buddypress table.messages-notices thead tr, #buddypress table.forum thead tr, #buddypress input[type=submit] { background-color: #d15e60; } .penci-pagination ul.page-numbers li span.current, #comments_pagination span { color: #fff; background: #d15e60; border-color: #d15e60; } .footer-instagram h4.footer-instagram-title > span:before, .woocommerce nav.woocommerce-pagination ul li span.current, .penci-pagination.penci-ajax-more a.penci-ajax-more-button:hover, .penci-recipe-heading a.penci-recipe-print:hover,.penci-review-metas .penci-review-btnbuy:hover, .home-featured-cat-content.style-14 .magcat-padding:before, .wrapper-boxed .bbp-pagination-links span.current, #buddypress .dir-search input[type=submit], #buddypress .groups-members-search input[type=submit], #buddypress button:hover, #buddypress a.button:hover, #buddypress a.button:focus, #buddypress input[type=button]:hover, #buddypress input[type=reset]:hover, #buddypress ul.button-nav li a:hover, #buddypress ul.button-nav li.current a, #buddypress div.generic-button a:hover, #buddypress .comment-reply-link:hover, #buddypress input[type=submit]:hover, #buddypress div.pagination .pagination-links .current, #buddypress input[type=submit], form.pc-searchform.penci-hbg-search-form input.search-input:hover, form.pc-searchform.penci-hbg-search-form input.search-input:focus, .penci-dropcap-box-outline, .penci-dropcap-circle-outline { border-color: #d15e60; } .woocommerce .woocommerce-error, .woocommerce .woocommerce-info, .woocommerce .woocommerce-message { border-top-color: #d15e60; } .penci-slider ol.penci-control-nav li a.penci-active, .penci-slider ol.penci-control-nav li a:hover, .penci-related-carousel .owl-dot.active span, .penci-owl-carousel-slider .owl-dot.active span{ border-color: #d15e60; background-color: #d15e60; } .woocommerce .woocommerce-message:before, .woocommerce form.checkout table.shop_table .order-total .amount, .woocommerce ul.products li.product .price ins, .woocommerce ul.products li.product .price, .woocommerce div.product p.price ins, .woocommerce div.product span.price ins, .woocommerce div.product p.price, .woocommerce div.product .entry-summary div[itemprop="description"] blockquote:before, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs #tab-description blockquote:before, .woocommerce div.product .entry-summary div[itemprop="description"] blockquote cite, .woocommerce div.product .entry-summary div[itemprop="description"] blockquote .author, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs #tab-description blockquote cite, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs #tab-description blockquote .author, .woocommerce div.product .product_meta > span a:hover, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li.active, .woocommerce ul.cart_list li .amount, .woocommerce ul.product_list_widget li .amount, .woocommerce table.shop_table td.product-name a:hover, .woocommerce table.shop_table td.product-price span, .woocommerce table.shop_table td.product-subtotal span, .woocommerce-cart .cart-collaterals .cart_totals table td .amount, .woocommerce .woocommerce-info:before, .woocommerce div.product span.price, .penci-container-inside.penci-breadcrumb span a:hover,.penci-container-inside.penci-breadcrumb a:hover { color: #d15e60; } .standard-content .penci-more-link.penci-more-link-button a.more-link, .penci-readmore-btn.penci-btn-make-button a, .penci-featured-cat-seemore.penci-btn-make-button a{ background-color: #d15e60; color: #fff; } .penci-vernav-toggle:before{ border-top-color: #d15e60; color: #fff; } .penci-top-bar, .penci-topbar-trending .penci-owl-carousel .owl-item, ul.penci-topbar-menu ul.sub-menu, div.penci-topbar-menu > ul ul.sub-menu, .pctopbar-login-btn .pclogin-sub{ background-color: #111111; } .headline-title.nticker-style-3:after{ border-color: #111111; } .headline-title { background-color: #d15e60; } .headline-title.nticker-style-2:after, .headline-title.nticker-style-4:after{ border-color: #d15e60; } a.penci-topbar-post-title:hover { color: #d15e60; } a.penci-topbar-post-title { text-transform: none; } ul.penci-topbar-menu > li a:hover, div.penci-topbar-menu > ul > li a:hover { color: #d15e60; } .penci-topbar-social a:hover { color: #d15e60; } #penci-login-popup:before{ opacity: ; } .header-slogan .header-slogan-text:before, .header-slogan .header-slogan-text:after{ content: none; } #navigation .menu > li > a:hover, #navigation .menu li.current-menu-item > a, #navigation .menu > li.current_page_item > a, #navigation .menu > li:hover > a, #navigation .menu > li.current-menu-ancestor > a, #navigation .menu > li.current-menu-item > a, #navigation .menu .sub-menu li a:hover, #navigation .menu .sub-menu li.current-menu-item > a, #navigation .sub-menu li:hover > a { color: #ffffff; } #navigation ul.menu > li > a:before, #navigation .menu > ul > li > a:before { background: #ffffff; } #navigation.menu-item-padding .menu > li > a:hover, #navigation.menu-item-padding .menu > li:hover > a, #navigation.menu-item-padding .menu > li.current-menu-item > a, #navigation.menu-item-padding .menu > li.current_page_item > a, #navigation.menu-item-padding .menu > li.current-menu-ancestor > a, #navigation.menu-item-padding .menu > li.current-menu-item > a { background-color: #d15e60; } #navigation .penci-megamenu .penci-mega-child-categories a.cat-active, #navigation .menu .penci-megamenu .penci-mega-child-categories a:hover, #navigation .menu .penci-megamenu .penci-mega-latest-posts .penci-mega-post a:hover { color: #d15e60; } #navigation .penci-megamenu .penci-mega-thumbnail .mega-cat-name { background: #d15e60; } #navigation .penci-megamenu .post-mega-title a, .pc-builder-element .navigation .penci-megamenu .penci-content-megamenu .penci-mega-latest-posts .penci-mega-post .post-mega-title a{ text-transform: none; } #navigation .menu .sub-menu li a:hover, #navigation .menu .sub-menu li.current-menu-item > a, #navigation .sub-menu li:hover > a { color: #d15e60; } #navigation.menu-style-2 ul.menu ul.sub-menu:before, #navigation.menu-style-2 .menu ul ul.sub-menu:before { background-color: #d15e60; } .penci-featured-content .feat-text h3 a, .featured-style-35 .feat-text-right h3 a, .featured-style-4 .penci-featured-content .feat-text h3 a, .penci-mag-featured-content h3 a, .pencislider-container .pencislider-content .pencislider-title { text-transform: none; } .penci-home-popular-post .item-related h3 a { text-transform: none; } .home-featured-cat-content, .penci-featured-cat-seemore, .penci-featured-cat-custom-ads, .home-featured-cat-content.style-8 { margin-bottom: 40px; } .home-featured-cat-content.style-8 .penci-grid li.list-post:last-child{ margin-bottom: 0; } .home-featured-cat-content.style-3, .home-featured-cat-content.style-11{ margin-bottom: 30px; } .home-featured-cat-content.style-7{ margin-bottom: 14px; } .home-featured-cat-content.style-13{ margin-bottom: 20px; } .penci-featured-cat-seemore, .penci-featured-cat-custom-ads{ margin-top: -20px; } .penci-featured-cat-seemore.penci-seemore-style-7, .mag-cat-style-7 .penci-featured-cat-custom-ads{ margin-top: -18px; } .penci-featured-cat-seemore.penci-seemore-style-8, .mag-cat-style-8 .penci-featured-cat-custom-ads{ margin-top: 0px; } .penci-featured-cat-seemore.penci-seemore-style-13, .mag-cat-style-13 .penci-featured-cat-custom-ads{ margin-top: -20px; } .widget_categories ul li.cat-item-6, .widget_categories select option[value="6"], .widget_tag_cloud .tag-cloud-link.tag-link-6{ display: none; } .penci-homepage-title.penci-magazine-title h3 a, .penci-border-arrow.penci-homepage-title .inner-arrow { font-size: 20px; } .penci-header-signup-form { padding-top: px; padding-bottom: px; } .penci-header-signup-form { background-color: #ed2b23; } .header-social a:hover i, .main-nav-social a:hover, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .lines-button:after, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .penci-lines:before, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .penci-lines:after { color: #d15e60; } #sidebar-nav .menu li a:hover, .header-social.sidebar-nav-social a:hover i, #sidebar-nav .menu li a .indicator:hover, #sidebar-nav .menu .sub-menu li a .indicator:hover{ color: #ed2b23; } #sidebar-nav-logo:before{ background-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-slide-overlay .overlay-link, .penci-slider38-overlay, .penci-flat-overlay .penci-slide-overlay .penci-mag-featured-content:before { opacity: ; } .penci-item-mag:hover .penci-slide-overlay .overlay-link, .featured-style-38 .item:hover .penci-slider38-overlay, .penci-flat-overlay .penci-item-mag:hover .penci-slide-overlay .penci-mag-featured-content:before { opacity: ; } .penci-featured-content .featured-slider-overlay { opacity: ; } .featured-style-29 .featured-slider-overlay { opacity: ; } .header-standard h2, .header-standard .post-title, .header-standard h2 a { text-transform: none; } .penci-standard-cat .cat > a.penci-cat-name { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-standard-cat .cat:before, .penci-standard-cat .cat:after { background-color: #ed2b23; } .standard-content .penci-post-box-meta .penci-post-share-box a:hover, .standard-content .penci-post-box-meta .penci-post-share-box a.liked { color: #ed2b23; } .header-standard .post-entry a:hover, .header-standard .author-post span a:hover, .standard-content a, .standard-content .post-entry a, .standard-post-entry a.more-link:hover, .penci-post-box-meta .penci-box-meta a:hover, .standard-content .post-entry blockquote:before, .post-entry blockquote cite, .post-entry blockquote .author, .standard-content-special .author-quote span, .standard-content-special .format-post-box .post-format-icon i, .standard-content-special .format-post-box .dt-special a:hover, .standard-content .penci-more-link a.more-link, .standard-content .penci-post-box-meta .penci-box-meta a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .standard-content .penci-more-link.penci-more-link-button a.more-link{ background-color: #ed2b23; color: #fff; } .standard-content-special .author-quote span:before, .standard-content-special .author-quote span:after, .standard-content .post-entry ul li:before, .post-entry blockquote .author span:after, .header-standard:after { background-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-more-link a.more-link:before, .penci-more-link a.more-link:after { border-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-grid li .item h2 a, .penci-masonry .item-masonry h2 a, .grid-mixed .mixed-detail h2 a, .overlay-header-box .overlay-title a { text-transform: none; } .penci-grid li .item h2 a, .penci-masonry .item-masonry h2 a { } .penci-featured-infor .cat a.penci-cat-name, .penci-grid .cat a.penci-cat-name, .penci-masonry .cat a.penci-cat-name, .penci-featured-infor .cat a.penci-cat-name { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-featured-infor .cat a.penci-cat-name:after, .penci-grid .cat a.penci-cat-name:after, .penci-masonry .cat a.penci-cat-name:after, .penci-featured-infor .cat a.penci-cat-name:after{ border-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-post-share-box a.liked, .penci-post-share-box a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .overlay-post-box-meta .overlay-share a:hover, .overlay-author a:hover, .penci-grid .standard-content-special .format-post-box .dt-special a:hover, .grid-post-box-meta span a:hover, .grid-post-box-meta span a.comment-link:hover, .penci-grid .standard-content-special .author-quote span, .penci-grid .standard-content-special .format-post-box .post-format-icon i, .grid-mixed .penci-post-box-meta .penci-box-meta a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-grid .standard-content-special .author-quote span:before, .penci-grid .standard-content-special .author-quote span:after, .grid-header-box:after, .list-post .header-list-style:after { background-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-grid .post-box-meta span:after, .penci-masonry .post-box-meta span:after { border-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-readmore-btn.penci-btn-make-button a{ background-color: #ed2b23; color: #fff; } .penci-grid li.typography-style .overlay-typography { opacity: ; } .penci-grid li.typography-style:hover .overlay-typography { opacity: ; } .penci-grid li.typography-style .item .main-typography h2 a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-grid li.typography-style .grid-post-box-meta span a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .overlay-header-box .cat > a.penci-cat-name:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow { font-size: 14px; } .penci-sidebar-content.style-11 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-12 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-14 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow:before, .penci-sidebar-content.style-13 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-15 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow{ background-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content.style-2 .penci-border-arrow:after{ border-top-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow:after { background-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-4 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow:before, .penci-sidebar-content.style-4 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow:after, .penci-sidebar-content.style-5 .penci-border-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-7 .penci-border-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-9 .penci-border-arrow{ border-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow:before { border-top-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content.style-16 .penci-border-arrow:after{ background-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content.style-7 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow:before, .penci-sidebar-content.style-9 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow:before { background-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow { color: #ffffff; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow:after { content: none; display: none; } .penci-sidebar-content .widget-title{ margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow:before{ bottom: -6px; border-width: 6px; margin-left: -6px; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow:before, .penci-sidebar-content.style-2 .penci-border-arrow:after { content: none; display: none; } .penci-video_playlist .penci-video-playlist-item .penci-video-title:hover,.widget ul.side-newsfeed li .side-item .side-item-text h4 a:hover, .widget a:hover, .penci-sidebar-content .widget-social a:hover span, .widget-social a:hover span, .penci-tweets-widget-content .icon-tweets, .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents a, .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents span:after, .widget-social.remove-circle a:hover i , #wp-calendar tbody td a:hover, .penci-video_playlist .penci-video-playlist-item .penci-video-title:hover, .widget ul.side-newsfeed li .side-item .side-item-text .side-item-meta a:hover{ color: #ed2b23; } .widget .tagcloud a:hover, .widget-social a:hover i, .widget input[type="submit"]:hover,.penci-user-logged-in .penci-user-action-links a:hover,.penci-button:hover, .widget button[type="submit"]:hover { color: #fff; background-color: #ed2b23; border-color: #ed2b23; } .about-widget .about-me-heading:before { border-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents-inner:before, .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents-inner:after, .pencisc-column-1.penci-video_playlist .penci-video-nav .playlist-panel-item, .penci-video_playlist .penci-custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb, .penci-video_playlist .penci-playlist-title { background-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-owl-carousel.penci-tweets-slider .owl-dots .owl-dot.active span, .penci-owl-carousel.penci-tweets-slider .owl-dots .owl-dot:hover span { border-color: #ed2b23; background-color: #ed2b23; } ul.footer-socials li a i{ font-size: 12px; } ul.footer-socials li a svg{ width: 12px; } ul.footer-socials li a span { font-size: 12px; } #footer-copyright * { font-size: 12px; } #footer-copyright * { font-style: normal; } .footer-subscribe .widget .mc4wp-form input[type="submit"]:hover { background-color: #ed2b23; } .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-tweets-widget-content .icon-tweets, .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents a, .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents span:after, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget ul.side-newsfeed li .side-item .side-item-text h4 a:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget a:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget-social a:hover span, .footer-widget-wrapper a:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget-social.remove-circle a:hover i, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget ul.side-newsfeed li .side-item .side-item-text .side-item-meta a:hover{ color: #ed2b23; } .footer-widget-wrapper .widget .tagcloud a:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget-social a:hover i, .footer-widget-wrapper .mc4wp-form input[type="submit"]:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget input[type="submit"]:hover,.footer-widget-wrapper .penci-user-logged-in .penci-user-action-links a:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget button[type="submit"]:hover { color: #fff; background-color: #ed2b23; border-color: #ed2b23; } .footer-widget-wrapper .about-widget .about-me-heading:before { border-color: #ed2b23; } .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents-inner:before, .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents-inner:after { background-color: #ed2b23; } .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-owl-carousel.penci-tweets-slider .owl-dots .owl-dot.active span, .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-owl-carousel.penci-tweets-slider .owl-dots .owl-dot:hover span { border-color: #ed2b23; background: #ed2b23; } ul.footer-socials li a:hover i { background-color: #ed2b23; border-color: #ed2b23; } ul.footer-socials li a:hover span { color: #ed2b23; } .footer-socials-section, .penci-footer-social-moved{ border-color: #212121; } #footer-section, .penci-footer-social-moved{ background-color: #111111; } #footer-section .footer-menu li a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-go-to-top-floating { background-color: #ed2b23; } #footer-section a { color: #ed2b23; } .comment-content a, .container-single .post-entry a, .container-single .format-post-box .dt-special a:hover, .container-single .author-quote span, .container-single .author-post span a:hover, .post-entry blockquote:before, .post-entry blockquote cite, .post-entry blockquote .author, .wpb_text_column blockquote:before, .wpb_text_column blockquote cite, .wpb_text_column blockquote .author, .post-pagination a:hover, .author-content h5 a:hover, .author-content .author-social:hover, .item-related h3 a:hover, .container-single .format-post-box .post-format-icon i, .container.penci-breadcrumb.single-breadcrumb span a:hover,.container.penci-breadcrumb.single-breadcrumb a:hover, .penci_list_shortcode li:before, .penci-dropcap-box-outline, .penci-dropcap-circle-outline, .penci-dropcap-regular, .penci-dropcap-bold, .header-standard .post-box-meta-single .author-post span a:hover{ color: #d15e60; } .container-single .standard-content-special .format-post-box, ul.slick-dots li button:hover, ul.slick-dots li.slick-active button, .penci-dropcap-box-outline, .penci-dropcap-circle-outline { border-color: #d15e60; } ul.slick-dots li button:hover, ul.slick-dots li.slick-active button, #respond h3.comment-reply-title span:before, #respond h3.comment-reply-title span:after, .post-box-title:before, .post-box-title:after, .container-single .author-quote span:before, .container-single .author-quote span:after, .post-entry blockquote .author span:after, .post-entry blockquote .author span:before, .post-entry ul li:before, #respond #submit:hover, div.wpforms-container .wpforms-form.wpforms-form input[type=submit]:hover, div.wpforms-container .wpforms-form.wpforms-form button[type=submit]:hover, div.wpforms-container .wpforms-form.wpforms-form .wpforms-page-button:hover, .wpcf7 input[type="submit"]:hover, .widget_wysija input[type="submit"]:hover, .post-entry.blockquote-style-2 blockquote:before,.tags-share-box.tags-share-box-s2 .post-share-plike, .penci-dropcap-box, .penci-dropcap-circle, .penci-ldspinner > div{ background-color: #d15e60; } .container-single .post-entry .post-tags a:hover { color: #fff; border-color: #d15e60; background-color: #d15e60; } .container-single .penci-standard-cat .cat > a.penci-cat-name { color: #d15e60; } .container-single .penci-standard-cat .cat:before, .container-single .penci-standard-cat .cat:after { background-color: #d15e60; } .container-single .single-post-title { text-transform: none; } .container-single .single-post-title { } .list-post .header-list-style:after, .grid-header-box:after, .penci-overlay-over .overlay-header-box:after, .home-featured-cat-content .first-post .magcat-detail .mag-header:after { content: none; } .list-post .header-list-style, .grid-header-box, .penci-overlay-over .overlay-header-box, .home-featured-cat-content .first-post .magcat-detail .mag-header{ padding-bottom: 0; } .header-standard:after { content: none; } .header-standard { padding-bottom: 0; } .penci-single-style-6 .single-breadcrumb, .penci-single-style-5 .single-breadcrumb, .penci-single-style-4 .single-breadcrumb, .penci-single-style-3 .single-breadcrumb, .penci-single-style-9 .single-breadcrumb, .penci-single-style-7 .single-breadcrumb{ text-align: left; } .container-single .header-standard, .container-single .post-box-meta-single { text-align: left; } .rtl .container-single .header-standard,.rtl .container-single .post-box-meta-single { text-align: right; } .container-single .post-pagination h5 { text-transform: none; } #respond h3.comment-reply-title span:before, #respond h3.comment-reply-title span:after, .post-box-title:before, .post-box-title:after { content: none; display: none; } .container-single .item-related h3 a { text-transform: none; } .container-single .post-share a:hover, .container-single .post-share a.liked, .page-share .post-share a:hover { color: #d15e60; } .tags-share-box.tags-share-box-2_3 .post-share .count-number-like, .post-share .count-number-like { color: #d15e60; } .post-entry a, .container-single .post-entry a{ color: #215ba9; } ul.homepage-featured-boxes .penci-fea-in:hover h4 span { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-home-popular-post .item-related h3 a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-border-arrow.penci-homepage-title .inner-arrow, .penci-homepage-title.style-4 .inner-arrow:before, .penci-homepage-title.style-4 .inner-arrow:after, .penci-homepage-title.style-7, .penci-homepage-title.style-9 { border-color: #ffffff; } .penci-border-arrow.penci-homepage-title:before { border-top-color: #ffffff; } .penci-homepage-title.style-5, .penci-homepage-title.style-7{ border-color: #ffffff; } .penci-homepage-title.style-16.penci-border-arrow:after{ background-color: #ffffff; } .penci-homepage-title.style-7 .inner-arrow:before, .penci-homepage-title.style-9 .inner-arrow:before{ background-color: #ed2b23; } .home-featured-cat-content .magcat-detail h3 a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .home-featured-cat-content .grid-post-box-meta span a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .home-featured-cat-content .first-post .magcat-detail .mag-header:after { background: #ed2b23; } .penci-slider ol.penci-control-nav li a.penci-active, .penci-slider ol.penci-control-nav li a:hover { border-color: #ed2b23; background: #ed2b23; } .home-featured-cat-content .mag-photo .mag-overlay-photo { opacity: ; } .home-featured-cat-content .mag-photo:hover .mag-overlay-photo { opacity: ; } .inner-item-portfolio:hover .penci-portfolio-thumbnail a:after { opacity: ; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle { width: 18px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .penci-menuhbg-inner { height: 18px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .penci-lines, .penci-menuhbg-wapper{ width: 18px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .lines-button{ top: 8px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .penci-lines:before{ top: 5px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .penci-lines:after{ top: -5px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .lines-button:after, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .penci-lines:before, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .penci-lines:after{ transform: translateX(28px); } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .lines-button.penci-hover-effect{ left: -28px; } .penci-menu-hbg-inner .penci-hbg_sitetitle{ font-size: 18px; } .penci-menu-hbg-inner .penci-hbg_desc{ font-size: 14px; } .penci-menu-hbg{ width: 330px; }.penci-menu-hbg.penci-menu-hbg-left{ transform: translateX(-330px); -webkit-transform: translateX(-330px); -moz-transform: translateX(-330px); }.penci-menu-hbg.penci-menu-hbg-right{ transform: translateX(330px); -webkit-transform: translateX(330px); -moz-transform: translateX(330px); }.penci-menuhbg-open .penci-menu-hbg.penci-menu-hbg-left, .penci-vernav-poleft.penci-menuhbg-open .penci-vernav-toggle{ left: 330px; }@media only screen and (min-width: 961px) { .penci-vernav-enable.penci-vernav-poleft .wrapper-boxed{ padding-left: 330px; } .penci-vernav-enable.penci-vernav-poright .wrapper-boxed{ padding-right: 330px; } .penci-vernav-enable .is-sticky #navigation{ width: calc(100% - 330px); } }@media only screen and (min-width: 961px) { .penci-vernav-enable .penci_is_nosidebar .wp-block-image.alignfull, .penci-vernav-enable .penci_is_nosidebar .wp-block-cover-image.alignfull, .penci-vernav-enable .penci_is_nosidebar .wp-block-cover.alignfull, .penci-vernav-enable .penci_is_nosidebar .wp-block-gallery.alignfull, .penci-vernav-enable .penci_is_nosidebar .alignfull{ margin-left: calc(50% - 50vw + 165px); width: calc(100vw - 330px); } }.penci-vernav-poright.penci-menuhbg-open .penci-vernav-toggle{ right: 330px; }@media only screen and (min-width: 961px) { .penci-vernav-enable.penci-vernav-poleft .penci-rltpopup-left{ left: 330px; } }@media only screen and (min-width: 961px) { .penci-vernav-enable.penci-vernav-poright .penci-rltpopup-right{ right: 330px; } }@media only screen and (max-width: 1500px) and (min-width: 961px) { .penci-vernav-enable .container { max-width: 100%; max-width: calc(100% - 30px); } .penci-vernav-enable .container.home-featured-boxes{ display: block; } .penci-vernav-enable .container.home-featured-boxes:before, .penci-vernav-enable .container.home-featured-boxes:after{ content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } } #navigation .menu li a {letter-spacing: 0} .grid-post-box-meta, .header-standard .author-post, .penci-post-box-meta .penci-box-meta, .overlay-header-box .overlay-author, .post-box-meta-single, .tags-share-box{ font-size: 12px; } .widget ul.side-newsfeed li .side-item .side-item-text h4 a {font-size: 14px} ul.footer-socials li a i { font-size: 22px; } .penci_header.penci-header-builder.main-builder-header{}.penci-header-image-logo,.penci-header-text-logo{--pchb-logo-title-fw:bold;--pchb-logo-title-fs:normal;--pchb-logo-slogan-fw:bold;--pchb-logo-slogan-fs:normal;}.pc-logo-desktop.penci-header-image-logo img{max-height:40px;}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px){.penci_navbar_mobile .penci-header-image-logo img{}}.penci_builder_sticky_header_desktop .penci-header-image-logo img{}.penci_navbar_mobile .penci-header-text-logo{--pchb-m-logo-title-fw:bold;--pchb-m-logo-title-fs:normal;--pchb-m-logo-slogan-fw:bold;--pchb-m-logo-slogan-fs:normal;}.penci_navbar_mobile .penci-header-image-logo img{max-height:40px;}.penci_navbar_mobile .sticky-enable .penci-header-image-logo img{}.pb-logo-sidebar-mobile{--pchb-logo-sm-title-fw:bold;--pchb-logo-sm-title-fs:normal;--pchb-logo-sm-slogan-fw:bold;--pchb-logo-sm-slogan-fs:normal;}.pc-builder-element.pb-logo-sidebar-mobile img{max-width:220px;max-height:40px;}.pc-logo-sticky{--pchb-logo-s-title-fw:bold;--pchb-logo-s-title-fs:normal;--pchb-logo-s-slogan-fw:bold;--pchb-logo-s-slogan-fs:normal;}.pc-builder-element.pc-logo-sticky.pc-logo img{max-height:60px;}.pc-builder-element.pc-main-menu{--pchb-main-menu-fs:12px;--pchb-main-menu-fs_l2:12px;--pchb-main-menu-lh:60px;}.pc-builder-element.pc-second-menu{--pchb-second-menu-fs:12px;--pchb-second-menu-lh:30px;--pchb-second-menu-fs_l2:12px;--pchb-second-menu-mg:15px;}.pc-builder-element.pc-third-menu{--pchb-third-menu-fs:12px;--pchb-third-menu-fs_l2:12px;}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-1{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-1:hover{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-2{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-2:hover{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-3{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-3:hover{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-mobile-1{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-mobile-1:hover{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-2{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-2:hover{}.penci-builder-mobile-sidebar-nav.penci-menu-hbg{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.pc-builder-menu.pc-dropdown-menu{--pchb-dd-lv1:13px;--pchb-dd-lv2:12px;}.penci-header-builder .penci-builder-element.penci-data-time-format{}.penci-header-builder .penci-builder-element.pctopbar-item{}.penci-header-builder .pc-builder-element.pc-second-menu{margin-left: 20px;}.penci-mobile-midbar{border-bottom-width: 1px;}.penci-builder-element.penci-data-time-format{color:#ffffff}.pc-builder-element.pc-second-menu .navigation .menu > li > a,.pc-builder-element.pc-second-menu .navigation ul.menu ul.sub-menu a{color:#ffffff}.penci-builder-element.header-social.desktop-social a i{font-size:14px}body:not(.rtl) .penci-builder-element.desktop-social .inner-header-social a{margin-right:10px}body.rtl .penci-builder-element.desktop-social .inner-header-social a{margin-left:10px}.penci-builder-element.desktop-social .inner-header-social a,.penci-builder-element.desktop-social .inner-header-social a i{color:#ffffff}.penci-builder-element.desktop-social .inner-header-social a:hover,.penci-builder-element.desktop-social .inner-header-social a:hover i{color:#2196f3}.pc-search-form-sidebar.search-style-icon-button .searchsubmit:before,.pc-search-form-sidebar.search-style-text-button .searchsubmit {line-height:40px}.pc-header-element.penci-topbar-social .pclogin-item a i{font-size:15px}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-1{font-weight:bold}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-1{font-style:normal}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-2{font-weight:bold}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-2{font-style:normal}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-3{font-weight:bold}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-3{font-style:normal}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-mobile-1{font-weight:bold}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-mobile-1{font-style:normal}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-mobile-2{font-weight:bold}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-mobile-2{font-style:normal}.penci-builder-element.penci-data-time-format{font-size:12px}.penci_builder_sticky_header_desktop{border-style:solid}.penci-builder-element.penci-topbar-trending a.penci-topbar-post-title{color:#ffffff}.penci-builder-element.penci-topbar-trending .headline-title{color:#ffffff}.penci-builder-element.penci-topbar-trending{max-width:420px}.penci_header.main-builder-header{border-style:solid}.penci-builder-element.pc-search-form.pc-search-form-sidebar,.penci-builder-element.pc-search-form.search-style-icon-button.pc-search-form-sidebar .search-input,.penci-builder-element.pc-search-form.search-style-text-button.pc-search-form-sidebar .search-input{line-height:38px}.penci-builder-element.pc-search-form-sidebar.search-style-default .search-input{line-height:38px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0}.pc-builder-element.pc-logo.pb-logo-mobile{}.pc-header-element.penci-topbar-social .pclogin-item a{}body.penci-header-preview-layout .wrapper-boxed{min-height:1500px}.penci_header_overlap .penci-desktop-topblock,.penci-desktop-topblock{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-desktop-topbar,.penci-desktop-topbar{border-width:0;background-color:#212121;border-style:solid;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-desktop-midbar,.penci-desktop-midbar{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-desktop-bottombar,.penci-desktop-bottombar{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-desktop-bottomblock,.penci-desktop-bottomblock{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-sticky-top,.penci-sticky-top{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-sticky-mid,.penci-sticky-mid{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-sticky-bottom,.penci-sticky-bottom{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-mobile-topbar,.penci-mobile-topbar{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-mobile-midbar,.penci-mobile-midbar{border-width:0;border-color:#dedede;border-style:solid;border-bottom-width: 1px;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-mobile-bottombar,.penci-mobile-bottombar{border-width:0;border-style:solid;} body { --pcdm_btnbg: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1); --pcdm_btnd: #666; --pcdm_btndbg: #fff; --pcdm_btnn: var(--pctext-cl); --pcdm_btnnbg: var(--pcbg-cl); } body.pcdm-enable { --pcbg-cl: #000000; --pcbg-l-cl: #1a1a1a; --pcbg-d-cl: #000000; --pctext-cl: #fff; --pcborder-cl: #313131; --pcborders-cl: #3c3c3c; --pcheading-cl: rgba(255,255,255,0.9); --pcmeta-cl: #999999; --pcl-cl: #fff; --pclh-cl: #d15e60; --pcaccent-cl: #d15e60; background-color: var(--pcbg-cl); color: var(--pctext-cl); } body.pcdark-df.pcdm-enable.pclight-mode { --pcbg-cl: #fff; --pctext-cl: #313131; --pcborder-cl: #dedede; --pcheading-cl: #313131; --pcmeta-cl: #888888; --pcaccent-cl: #d15e60; }</style><script> var penciBlocksArray=[]; var portfolioDataJs = portfolioDataJs || [];var PENCILOCALCACHE = {}; (function () { "use strict"; PENCILOCALCACHE = { data: {}, remove: function ( ajaxFilterItem ) { delete PENCILOCALCACHE.data[ajaxFilterItem]; }, exist: function ( ajaxFilterItem ) { return PENCILOCALCACHE.data.hasOwnProperty( ajaxFilterItem ) && PENCILOCALCACHE.data[ajaxFilterItem] !== null; }, get: function ( ajaxFilterItem ) { return PENCILOCALCACHE.data[ajaxFilterItem]; }, set: function ( ajaxFilterItem, cachedData ) { PENCILOCALCACHE.remove( ajaxFilterItem ); PENCILOCALCACHE.data[ajaxFilterItem] = cachedData; } }; } )();function penciBlock() { this.atts_json = ''; this.content = ''; }</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https:\/\/schema.org\/", "@type": "organization", "@id": "#organization", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/logo.svg" }, "url": "https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/", "name": "NASASpaceFlight.com", "description": "" }</script><script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https:\/\/schema.org\/", "@type": "WebSite", "name": "NASASpaceFlight.com", "alternateName": "", "url": "https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/" }</script><script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https:\/\/schema.org\/", "@type": "BlogPosting", "headline": "Relativity, Amazon, and NASA continue work on Cape infrastructure", "description": "In addition to SpaceX’s work, Cape Canaveral has been busy with Relativity Space focusing on…", "datePublished": "2024-11-22", "datemodified": "2024-11-22", "mainEntityOfPage": "https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/2024\/11\/flyover\/", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/DSC_7549-wmarked-scaled.jpeg", "width": 2560, "height": 1722 }, "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "NASASpaceFlight.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/logo.svg" } }, "author": { "@type": "Person", "@id": "#person-JustinDavenport", "name": "Justin Davenport", "url": "https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/author\/justin\/" } }</script><script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https:\/\/schema.org\/", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/news\/featured\/", "name": "Featured" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/2024\/11\/flyover\/", "name": "Relativity, Amazon, and NASA continue work on Cape infrastructure" } } ] }</script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="XRFCGeIZgzDrk167DMdy3CfF5paaNN0vJziYiSgTcC0" /> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-103309 single-format-standard cookies-not-set penci-body-boxed soledad-ver-8-3-1 pclight-mode pcmn-drdw-style-slide_down pchds-showup"> <div id="soledad_wrapper" class="wrapper-boxed header-style-header-6 enable-boxed header-search-style-showup"> <div class="penci-header-wrap pc-wrapbuilder-header"><div class="pc-wrapbuilder-header-inner"> <div class="penci_header penci-header-builder penci_builder_sticky_header_desktop "> <div class="penci_container"> <div class="penci_stickybar penci_navbar"> <div class="penci-desktop-sticky-top penci-sticky-top pcmiddle-normal pc-hasel"> <div class="container container-normal"> <div class="penci_nav_row"> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_left penci_nav_alignleft"> <div class="penci-builder-element pctopbar-item penci-topbar-trending "> <span class="headline-title nticker-style-1 penci-enable-uppercase">POPULAR</span> <span class="penci-trending-nav"> <a class="penci-slider-prev" aria-label="Previous" href="#"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-angle-left" ></i></a> <a class="penci-slider-next" aria-label="Next" href="#"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-angle-right" ></i></a> </span> <div class="penci-owl-carousel penci-owl-carousel-slider penci-headline-posts" data-auto="true" data-nav="false" data-autotime="3000" data-speed="200" data-anim="slideInUp"> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starship-roundup-11-27-24/">Starbase continues its rapid pace of advancement after...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/">Relativity, Amazon, and NASA continue work on Cape...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starship-flight-6-launch/">SpaceX lands Ship 31 in the Indian Ocean...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starships-sound-study1/">New study reveals Starship’s true sound levels; shows...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/">China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starship-roundup-11-11-24/">Starship preparations as rollouts begin ahead of full...</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_center penci_nav_aligncenter"> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_right penci_nav_alignright"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-desktop-sticky-mid penci-sticky-mid pcmiddle-center pc-hasel"> <div class="container container-normal"> <div class="penci_nav_row"> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_left penci_nav_alignleft"> <div class="pc-builder-element pc-logo pc-logo-desktop penci-header-image-logo "> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"> <img class="penci-mainlogo penci-limg pclogo-cls" src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/NSF-Logo-Blue-300.svg" alt="NASASpaceFlight.com" width="" height=""> </a> </div> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_center penci_nav_aligncenter"> <div class="pc-builder-element pc-builder-menu pc-main-menu"> <nav class="navigation menu-style-1 no-class menu-item-normal " role="navigation" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-top-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-53697" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53697"><a href="//forum.nasaspaceflight.com">Forums</a></li> <li id="menu-item-53693" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53693"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/l2/">L2 Sign Up</a></li> <li id="menu-item-53577" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53577"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/artemis/">Artemis</a></li> <li id="menu-item-53575" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53575"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/spacex/">SpaceX</a></li> <li id="menu-item-53571" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53571"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/">Commercial</a></li> <li id="menu-item-53579" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53579"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/iss/">ISS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-53573" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53573"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/">International</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-0" class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53573"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" data-id="penci-mega-653"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/" data-id="penci-mega-4"><span>Chinese</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/" data-id="penci-mega-12"><span>European</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" data-id="penci-mega-756"><span>Indian</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/" data-id="penci-mega-3521"><span>Japan</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/" data-id="penci-mega-5"><span>Russian</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-653 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/blue-origin/">Blue Origin</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HaoLong-Space-Cargo-Shuttle-Credit-Aviation-Industry-Corporation-of-China-crop-e1731690702218-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary">China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T02:37:32-05:00">November 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-4"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HaoLong-Space-Cargo-Shuttle-Credit-Aviation-Industry-Corporation-of-China-crop-e1731690702218-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary">China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T02:37:32-05:00">November 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-12"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ARIANE_6_fully_stacked_pillars-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads">European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-09T15:55:54-05:00">November 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/PLD-Space-lead-image-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade">PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-08T16:07:36-05:00">November 8, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/GZUjHIOXwAApIp6-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/hera-launch/" title="ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as Falcon 9 returns to flight"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/hera-launch/" title="ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as Falcon 9 returns to flight">ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-07T06:59:32-05:00">October 7, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-756"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_4381-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled">Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-12T18:02:54-05:00">August 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/AS_c10_A_4K.0001-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration">Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-15T16:03:40-05:00">February 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NSF-2024-01-01-13-25-00-661-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch">India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-31T18:25:03-05:00">December 31, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IF3A9134.resize-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone">Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-19T17:35:51-05:00">December 19, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3521"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Falcon-9-launches-NROL-167-SpaceXs-400th-orbital-launch-from-SLC-4E-at-Vandenberg-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-21T16:29:45-05:00">October 21, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Artist_impression_of_the_supermassive_black_hole_in_NGC_4151_pillars-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole">One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-29T15:04:32-05:00">September 29, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_1889-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/launch-roundup-092324/" title="Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and Chinese launches continue"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/launch-roundup-092324/" title="Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and Chinese launches continue">Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-23T12:54:21-05:00">September 23, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-5"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/F-DUDdTWMAAnchL-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-110424/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to ISS, Roscosmos and Rocket Lab also launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-110424/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to ISS, Roscosmos and Rocket Lab also launch">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-04T18:13:17-05:00">November 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/54002713616_36f0cdf177_o-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/iss-roundup-092624/" title="ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024 with Expedition 71 giving way to Expedition 72"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/iss-roundup-092624/" title="ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024 with Expedition 71 giving way to Expedition 72">ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-26T16:15:49-05:00">September 26, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-53581" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53581"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/">Other</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53581"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/" data-id="penci-mega-1"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/" data-id="penci-mega-3353"><span>Science</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/" data-id="penci-mega-3"><span>Shuttle</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" data-id="penci-mega-14"><span>Uncrewed</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-1 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/47931_PIA25681-FigureA-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles">Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-10T16:19:22-05:00">November 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3353"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/47931_PIA25681-FigureA-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles">Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-10T16:19:22-05:00">November 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mars_-_Atmosphere_and_Cassini_Crater_-_Hope_Mission_Orbit_19_52252929420-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars">New study reveals potential existence of life in...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-27T16:07:09-05:00">October 27, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Hubble_docked_in_the_cargo_bay-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago">How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-05-18T16:13:04-05:00">May 18, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IMG_8867-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos">30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-03T16:54:28-05:00">December 3, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/NSF-2023-04-26-23-06-44-225-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad">SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-04-26T21:27:44-05:00">April 26, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Fojf0NyXgAIUlhx-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship">Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-03-28T12:33:36-05:00">March 28, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-14"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_6319-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket">Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-12T16:26:56-05:00">September 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-12-at-13.50.38-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn’s maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn’s maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing">New Glenn’s maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-13T15:09:27-05:00">August 13, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/NSF-2024-07-30-18-35-51-500-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/launch-roundup-0630/" title="Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon 9 missions flying this week"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/launch-roundup-0630/" title="Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon 9 missions flying this week">Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-07-30T12:31:10-05:00">July 30, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/NSF-2024-07-30-18-34-06-963-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/ussf-51/" title="Atlas V successfully launched its last ever national security mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/ussf-51/" title="Atlas V successfully launched its last ever national security mission">Atlas V successfully launched its last ever national...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-07-29T15:16:07-05:00">July 29, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-75502" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-75502"><a href="https://shop.nasaspaceflight.com">Shop</a></li> <li id="menu-item-96018" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-96018"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/schedule/">Schedule</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_right penci_nav_alignright"> <div id="top-search" class="pc-builder-element penci-top-search pcheader-icon top-search-classes "> <a href="#" aria-label="Search" class="search-click pc-button-define-customize"> <i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i> </a> <div class="show-search pcbds-showup"> <form role="search" method="get" class="pc-searchform" action="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"> <div class="pc-searchform-inner"> <input type="text" class="search-input" placeholder="Type and hit enter..." name="s"/> <i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i> <button type="submit" class="searchsubmit">Search</button> </div> </form> <a href="#" aria-label="Close" class="search-click close-search"><i class="penciicon-close-button"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci_header penci-header-builder main-builder-header normal shadow-enable "> <div class="penci_topbar penci-desktop-topbar penci_container bg-normal pcmiddle-normal pc-hasel"> <div class="container container-normal"> <div class="penci_nav_row"> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_left penci_nav_alignleft"> <div class="penci-builder-element pctopbar-item penci-topbar-trending "> <span class="headline-title nticker-style-1 penci-enable-uppercase">POPULAR</span> <span class="penci-trending-nav"> <a class="penci-slider-prev" aria-label="Previous" href="#"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-angle-left" ></i></a> <a class="penci-slider-next" aria-label="Next" href="#"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-angle-right" ></i></a> </span> <div class="penci-owl-carousel penci-owl-carousel-slider penci-headline-posts" data-auto="true" data-nav="false" data-autotime="3000" data-speed="200" data-anim="slideInUp"> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starship-roundup-11-27-24/">Starbase continues its rapid pace of advancement after...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/">Relativity, Amazon, and NASA continue work on Cape...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starship-flight-6-launch/">SpaceX lands Ship 31 in the Indian Ocean...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starships-sound-study1/">New study reveals Starship’s true sound levels; shows...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/">China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starship-roundup-11-11-24/">Starship preparations as rollouts begin ahead of full...</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_center penci_nav_aligncenter"> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_right penci_nav_alignright"> <div class="header-social desktop-social penci-builder-element"> <div class="inner-header-social social-icon-style penci-social-simple penci-social-textaccent"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/NASASpaceflight/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/nasaspaceflight_ig/" aria-label="Instagram" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-instagram" ></i></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSUu1lih2RifWkKtDOJdsBA" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-youtube-play" ></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="pb-header-builder pc-dmswitcher-element"> <div class="pc_dm_mode style_4"> <label class="pc_dm_switch"> <input type="checkbox" class="pc_dark_mode_toggle" aria-label="Darkmode Switcher"> <span class="slider round"></span> </label> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci_midbar penci-desktop-midbar penci_container bg-normal pcmiddle-center pc-hasel"> <div class="container container-normal"> <div class="penci_nav_row"> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_left penci_nav_alignleft"> <div class="pc-builder-element pc-logo pc-logo-desktop penci-header-image-logo "> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"> <img class="penci-mainlogo penci-limg pclogo-cls" src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/NSF-Logo-Blue-300.svg" alt="NASASpaceFlight.com" width="" height=""> </a> </div> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_center penci_nav_aligncenter"> <div class="pc-builder-element pc-builder-menu pc-main-menu"> <nav class="navigation menu-style-1 no-class menu-item-normal " role="navigation" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-top-menu-1" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53697"><a href="//forum.nasaspaceflight.com">Forums</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53693"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/l2/">L2 Sign Up</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53577"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/artemis/">Artemis</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53575"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/spacex/">SpaceX</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53571"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/">Commercial</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53579"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/iss/">ISS</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53573"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/">International</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53573"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" data-id="penci-mega-653"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/" data-id="penci-mega-4"><span>Chinese</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/" data-id="penci-mega-12"><span>European</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" data-id="penci-mega-756"><span>Indian</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/" data-id="penci-mega-3521"><span>Japan</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/" data-id="penci-mega-5"><span>Russian</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-653 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/blue-origin/">Blue Origin</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HaoLong-Space-Cargo-Shuttle-Credit-Aviation-Industry-Corporation-of-China-crop-e1731690702218-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary">China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T02:37:32-05:00">November 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-4"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HaoLong-Space-Cargo-Shuttle-Credit-Aviation-Industry-Corporation-of-China-crop-e1731690702218-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary">China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T02:37:32-05:00">November 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-12"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ARIANE_6_fully_stacked_pillars-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads">European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-09T15:55:54-05:00">November 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/PLD-Space-lead-image-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade">PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-08T16:07:36-05:00">November 8, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/GZUjHIOXwAApIp6-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/hera-launch/" title="ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as Falcon 9 returns to flight"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/hera-launch/" title="ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as Falcon 9 returns to flight">ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-07T06:59:32-05:00">October 7, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-756"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_4381-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled">Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-12T18:02:54-05:00">August 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/AS_c10_A_4K.0001-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration">Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-15T16:03:40-05:00">February 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NSF-2024-01-01-13-25-00-661-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch">India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-31T18:25:03-05:00">December 31, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IF3A9134.resize-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone">Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-19T17:35:51-05:00">December 19, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3521"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Falcon-9-launches-NROL-167-SpaceXs-400th-orbital-launch-from-SLC-4E-at-Vandenberg-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-21T16:29:45-05:00">October 21, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Artist_impression_of_the_supermassive_black_hole_in_NGC_4151_pillars-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole">One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-29T15:04:32-05:00">September 29, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_1889-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/launch-roundup-092324/" title="Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and Chinese launches continue"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/launch-roundup-092324/" title="Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and Chinese launches continue">Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-23T12:54:21-05:00">September 23, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-5"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/F-DUDdTWMAAnchL-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-110424/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to ISS, Roscosmos and Rocket Lab also launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-110424/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to ISS, Roscosmos and Rocket Lab also launch">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-04T18:13:17-05:00">November 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/54002713616_36f0cdf177_o-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/iss-roundup-092624/" title="ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024 with Expedition 71 giving way to Expedition 72"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/iss-roundup-092624/" title="ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024 with Expedition 71 giving way to Expedition 72">ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-26T16:15:49-05:00">September 26, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53581"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/">Other</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53581"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/" data-id="penci-mega-1"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/" data-id="penci-mega-3353"><span>Science</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/" data-id="penci-mega-3"><span>Shuttle</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" data-id="penci-mega-14"><span>Uncrewed</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-1 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/47931_PIA25681-FigureA-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles">Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-10T16:19:22-05:00">November 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3353"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/47931_PIA25681-FigureA-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles">Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-10T16:19:22-05:00">November 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mars_-_Atmosphere_and_Cassini_Crater_-_Hope_Mission_Orbit_19_52252929420-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars">New study reveals potential existence of life in...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-27T16:07:09-05:00">October 27, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Hubble_docked_in_the_cargo_bay-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago">How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-05-18T16:13:04-05:00">May 18, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IMG_8867-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos">30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-03T16:54:28-05:00">December 3, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/NSF-2023-04-26-23-06-44-225-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad">SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-04-26T21:27:44-05:00">April 26, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Fojf0NyXgAIUlhx-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship">Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-03-28T12:33:36-05:00">March 28, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-14"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_6319-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket">Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-12T16:26:56-05:00">September 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-12-at-13.50.38-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn’s maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn’s maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing">New Glenn’s maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-13T15:09:27-05:00">August 13, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/NSF-2024-07-30-18-35-51-500-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/launch-roundup-0630/" title="Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon 9 missions flying this week"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/launch-roundup-0630/" title="Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon 9 missions flying this week">Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-07-30T12:31:10-05:00">July 30, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/NSF-2024-07-30-18-34-06-963-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/ussf-51/" title="Atlas V successfully launched its last ever national security mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/ussf-51/" title="Atlas V successfully launched its last ever national security mission">Atlas V successfully launched its last ever national...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-07-29T15:16:07-05:00">July 29, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-75502"><a href="https://shop.nasaspaceflight.com">Shop</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-96018"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/schedule/">Schedule</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_right penci_nav_alignright"> <div id="top-search" class="pc-builder-element penci-top-search pcheader-icon top-search-classes "> <a href="#" aria-label="Search" class="search-click pc-button-define-customize"> <i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i> </a> <div class="show-search pcbds-showup"> <form role="search" method="get" class="pc-searchform" action="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"> <div class="pc-searchform-inner"> <input type="text" class="search-input" placeholder="Type and hit enter..." name="s"/> <i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i> <button type="submit" class="searchsubmit">Search</button> </div> </form> <a href="#" aria-label="Close" class="search-click close-search"><i class="penciicon-close-button"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci_navbar_mobile shadow-enable"> <div class="penci_mobile_midbar penci-mobile-midbar penci_container sticky-enable pcmiddle-center pc-hasel bgtrans-enable"> <div class="container"> <div class="penci_nav_row"> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_left penci_nav_alignleft"> <div class="pc-button-define-customize pc-builder-element navigation mobile-menu "> <div class="button-menu-mobile header-builder"><svg width=18px height=18px viewBox="0 0 512 384" version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink><g stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill-rule=evenodd><g transform="translate(0.000000, 0.250080)"><rect x=0 y=0 width=512 height=62></rect><rect x=0 y=161 width=512 height=62></rect><rect x=0 y=321 width=512 height=62></rect></g></g></svg></div> </div> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_center penci_nav_aligncenter"> <div class="pc-builder-element pc-logo pb-logo-mobile penci-header-image-logo "> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"> <img class="penci-mainlogo penci-limg pclogo-cls" src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/NSF-Logo-Blue-300.svg" alt="NASASpaceFlight.com" width="" height=""> </a> </div> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_right penci_nav_alignright"> <div id="top-search" class="pc-builder-element penci-top-search pcheader-icon top-search-classes "> <a href="#" aria-label="Search" class="search-click pc-button-define-customize"> <i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i> </a> <div class="show-search pcbds-showup"> <form role="search" method="get" class="pc-searchform" action="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"> <div class="pc-searchform-inner"> <input type="text" class="search-input" placeholder="Type and hit enter..." name="s"/> <i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i> <button type="submit" class="searchsubmit">Search</button> </div> </form> <a href="#" aria-label="Close" class="search-click close-search"><i class="penciicon-close-button"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="#" aria-label="Close" class="close-mobile-menu-builder"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-close"></i></a> <div id="penci_off_canvas" class="penci-builder-mobile-sidebar-nav penci-menu-hbg"> <div class="penci_mobile_wrapper"> <div class="nav_wrap penci-mobile-sidebar-content-wrapper"> <div class="penci-builder-item-wrap item_main"> <div class="pc-builder-element pc-logo pb-logo-sidebar-mobile penci-header-image-logo "> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"> <img class="penci-mainlogo penci-limg pclogo-cls" src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/NSF-Logo-Blue-300.svg" alt="NASASpaceFlight.com" width="" height=""> </a> </div> <div class="header-social penci-builder-element mobile-social"> <div class="inner-header-social social-icon-style penci-social-simple penci-social-normal"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/NASASpaceflight/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/nasaspaceflight_ig/" aria-label="Instagram" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-instagram" ></i></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSUu1lih2RifWkKtDOJdsBA" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-youtube-play" ></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="penci-builder-element pc-search-form pc-search-form-sidebar search-style-icon-button "> <form role="search" method="get" class="pc-searchform" action="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"> <div class="pc-searchform-inner"> <input type="text" class="search-input" placeholder="Type and hit enter..." name="s"/> <i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i> <button type="submit" class="searchsubmit">Search</button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="pc-builder-element pc-builder-menu pc-dropdown-menu"> <nav class="no-class normal-click" role="navigation" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-top-menu-2" class="menu menu-hgb-main"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53697"><a href="//forum.nasaspaceflight.com">Forums</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53693"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/l2/">L2 Sign Up</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53577"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/artemis/">Artemis</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53575"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/spacex/">SpaceX</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53571"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/">Commercial</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53579"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/iss/">ISS</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53573"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/">International</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53573"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" data-id="penci-mega-653"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/" data-id="penci-mega-4"><span>Chinese</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/" data-id="penci-mega-12"><span>European</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" data-id="penci-mega-756"><span>Indian</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/" data-id="penci-mega-3521"><span>Japan</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/" data-id="penci-mega-5"><span>Russian</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-653 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/blue-origin/">Blue Origin</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HaoLong-Space-Cargo-Shuttle-Credit-Aviation-Industry-Corporation-of-China-crop-e1731690702218-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary">China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T02:37:32-05:00">November 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-4"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HaoLong-Space-Cargo-Shuttle-Credit-Aviation-Industry-Corporation-of-China-crop-e1731690702218-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary">China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T02:37:32-05:00">November 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-12"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ARIANE_6_fully_stacked_pillars-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads">European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-09T15:55:54-05:00">November 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/PLD-Space-lead-image-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade">PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-08T16:07:36-05:00">November 8, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/GZUjHIOXwAApIp6-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/hera-launch/" title="ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as Falcon 9 returns to flight"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/hera-launch/" title="ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as Falcon 9 returns to flight">ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-07T06:59:32-05:00">October 7, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-756"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_4381-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled">Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-12T18:02:54-05:00">August 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/AS_c10_A_4K.0001-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration">Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-15T16:03:40-05:00">February 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NSF-2024-01-01-13-25-00-661-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch">India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-31T18:25:03-05:00">December 31, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IF3A9134.resize-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone">Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-19T17:35:51-05:00">December 19, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3521"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Falcon-9-launches-NROL-167-SpaceXs-400th-orbital-launch-from-SLC-4E-at-Vandenberg-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-21T16:29:45-05:00">October 21, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Artist_impression_of_the_supermassive_black_hole_in_NGC_4151_pillars-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole">One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-29T15:04:32-05:00">September 29, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_1889-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/launch-roundup-092324/" title="Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and Chinese launches continue"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/launch-roundup-092324/" title="Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and Chinese launches continue">Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-23T12:54:21-05:00">September 23, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-5"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/F-DUDdTWMAAnchL-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-110424/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to ISS, Roscosmos and Rocket Lab also launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-110424/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to ISS, Roscosmos and Rocket Lab also launch">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-04T18:13:17-05:00">November 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/54002713616_36f0cdf177_o-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/iss-roundup-092624/" title="ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024 with Expedition 71 giving way to Expedition 72"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/iss-roundup-092624/" title="ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024 with Expedition 71 giving way to Expedition 72">ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-26T16:15:49-05:00">September 26, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53581"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/">Other</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53581"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/" data-id="penci-mega-1"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/" data-id="penci-mega-3353"><span>Science</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/" data-id="penci-mega-3"><span>Shuttle</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" data-id="penci-mega-14"><span>Uncrewed</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-1 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/47931_PIA25681-FigureA-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles">Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-10T16:19:22-05:00">November 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3353"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/47931_PIA25681-FigureA-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles">Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-10T16:19:22-05:00">November 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mars_-_Atmosphere_and_Cassini_Crater_-_Hope_Mission_Orbit_19_52252929420-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars">New study reveals potential existence of life in...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-27T16:07:09-05:00">October 27, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Hubble_docked_in_the_cargo_bay-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago">How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-05-18T16:13:04-05:00">May 18, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IMG_8867-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos">30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-03T16:54:28-05:00">December 3, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/NSF-2023-04-26-23-06-44-225-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad">SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-04-26T21:27:44-05:00">April 26, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Fojf0NyXgAIUlhx-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship">Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-03-28T12:33:36-05:00">March 28, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-14"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_6319-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket">Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-12T16:26:56-05:00">September 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-12-at-13.50.38-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn’s maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn’s maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing">New Glenn’s maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-13T15:09:27-05:00">August 13, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/NSF-2024-07-30-18-35-51-500-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/launch-roundup-0630/" title="Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon 9 missions flying this week"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/launch-roundup-0630/" title="Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon 9 missions flying this week">Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-07-30T12:31:10-05:00">July 30, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/NSF-2024-07-30-18-34-06-963-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/ussf-51/" title="Atlas V successfully launched its last ever national security mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/ussf-51/" title="Atlas V successfully launched its last ever national security mission">Atlas V successfully launched its last ever national...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-07-29T15:16:07-05:00">July 29, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-75502"><a href="https://shop.nasaspaceflight.com">Shop</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-96018"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/schedule/">Schedule</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-single-wrapper"> <div class="penci-single-block"> <div class="container container-single container-single-magazine penci_sidebar penci-enable-lightbox"> <div id="main" class="penci-main-sticky-sidebar"> <div class="theiaStickySidebar"> <article id="post-103309" class="post type-post status-publish"> <div class="header-standard header-classic single-header"> <h1 class="post-title single-post-title entry-title">Relativity, Amazon, and NASA continue work on Cape infrastructure</h1> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/justin/">Justin Davenport</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-22T15:44:03-05:00">November 22, 2024</time> </div> <div class="post-box-meta-single"> <span class="author-post byline"><span class="author vcard">written by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/justin/">Justin Davenport</a> </span></span> <span><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-22T15:44:03-05:00">November 22, 2024</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="post-image"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7549-wmarked-scaled.jpeg" data-rel="penci-gallery-image-content"> <img class="attachment-penci-full-thumb size-penci-full-thumb penci-lazy wp-post-image pc-singlep-img" width="1170" height="787" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201170%20787'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" title="DSC_7549-wmarked" data-sizes="auto" data-srcset="" data-src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7549-wmarked-1170x787.jpeg"> </a> </div> <div class="post-entry blockquote-style-2"> <div class="inner-post-entry entry-content" id="penci-post-entry-inner"> <i class="penci-post-countview-number-check" style="display:none">224</i> <p>In addition to SpaceX’s work, Cape Canaveral has been busy with Relativity Space focusing on its reusable Terran R rocket, which is being developed at Space Launch Complex-16. Upgrades to this site, including new infrastructure, were documented during a recent NSF flyover.</p> <p>NSF also documented advancements at Amazon’s Kuiper facility, now nearing completion to support broadband satellite launches, as well as progress on NASA’s Mobile Launcher 2 and Blue Origin’s preparations at LC-36. Emerging projects like Space Prep’s processing center further underscore the rapid expansion of Florida’s spaceport infrastructure.</p> <p><span id="more-103309"></span></p> <p>Relativity is working on its partially reusable Terran R, after launching the Terran 1 rocket on its sole test flight in March 2023. The Terran 1, which had 90 percent of its mass made up of 3D-printed components, initially succeeded in its first stage flight, but the second stage failed.</p> <p>After the Terran 1’s failure, Relativity decided to cancel all further development of Terran 1 and move straight to the Terran R rocket. Terran R consists of a reusable first stage powered by 13 Aeon R engines using methane and liquid oxygen as propellants, along with an expendable second stage using one Aeon Vac engine.</p> <div id="attachment_103337" style="width: 2058px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_2583.png" data-rel="penci-gallery-image-content" ><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-103337" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-103337" src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_2583.png" alt="" width="2048" height="1152" srcset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_2583.png 2048w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_2583-350x197.png 350w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_2583-622x350.png 622w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_2583-768x432.png 768w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_2583-1920x1080.png 1920w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_2583-1170x658.png 1170w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-103337" class="wp-caption-text">Artist’s impression of the Terran R launching from SLC-16. (Credit: Relativity Space)</p></div> <p>The 82 m tall and nearly 5.5 m wide Terran R is to fly up to 23,500 kg to low-Earth orbit with first stage reuse, or 33,500 kg in fully expendable mode, making it a heavy lift vehicle. Like Terran 1, Terran R will use Space Launch Complex-16 (SLC-16) as its launch site, and NSF conducted a flyover last month which obtained imagery of the complex and other areas of the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS).</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><aside class="penci-sidebar-content widget l2-info"><h4 class="widget-title penci-border-arrow"><span class="inner-arrow">See Also</span></h4><ul><li><a href="https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?board=6.0">Spaceflight General Section</a></li><li><a href="https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?board=78.0">Blue Origin Updates</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/l2/">Click here to Join L2</a></li></ul></aside></span></p> <p>New tanks have been seen erected at the tank farm, and NOAA survey imagery showed a foundation being laid down to support a large flame trench that will redirect the thrust from Terran R’s 13 Aeon engines. There is also a drilling rig that is preparing the ground for a large processing hangar to house Terran R at the launch complex.</p> <p>This hangar is next door to the one that housed the Terran 1. That hangar is still present, and the new hangar is going to be much larger. The Terran R infrastructure is still in its earlier stages and should be in a very different state of construction and readiness by this time next year, as the company envisages a 2026 first flight for Terran R from SLC-16.</p> <div id="attachment_103338" style="width: 2570px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7370-wmarked-scaled.jpeg" data-rel="penci-gallery-image-content" ><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-103338" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-103338" src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7370-wmarked-scaled.jpeg" alt="" width="2560" height="1706" srcset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7370-wmarked-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7370-wmarked-350x233.jpeg 350w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7370-wmarked-525x350.jpeg 525w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7370-wmarked-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7370-wmarked-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7370-wmarked-1170x780.jpeg 1170w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7370-wmarked-585x390.jpeg 585w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7370-wmarked-263x175.jpeg 263w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-103338" class="wp-caption-text">Amazon’s new payload processing facility near completion. (Credit: Julia Bergeron for NSF)</p></div> <p>During NSF’s flyover, imagery was also obtained of the Amazon Kuiper payload processing facility next to the Shuttle Landing Facility, also now known as the Launch and Landing Facility. The Amazon facility is nearing completion, and the company’s logo is now on the building. In addition, a road at the facility is now paved, and progress has been seen on a storage building at the site.</p> <p>Amazon is planning to start operational Kuiper launches in 2025, as it works to meet an FCC deadline for placing a large portion of its constellation into orbit. Kuiper is designed to provide low-latency, high-bandwidth broadband service and is a competitor to SpaceX’s Starlink. Amazon must launch 50 percent of its satellites and operate them by no later than July 30, 2026, as per the license it obtained from the FCC.</p> <p>The Amazon payload processing facility is a key element of the company’s strategy to quickly fly its constellation. The facility will receive shipments of the satellites from the company’s Kirkland, Washington factory before processing them with the help of a 30 m tall high bay clean room that can accommodate Vulcan Centaur and New Glenn fairings. The encapsulated satellite payloads will be moved to the launch site from the processing facility.</p> <div id="attachment_103339" style="width: 2570px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7334-wmarked-scaled.jpeg" data-rel="penci-gallery-image-content" ><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-103339" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-103339" src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7334-wmarked-scaled.jpeg" alt="" width="2560" height="2091" srcset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7334-wmarked-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7334-wmarked-350x286.jpeg 350w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7334-wmarked-428x350.jpeg 428w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7334-wmarked-768x627.jpeg 768w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7334-wmarked-1920x1568.jpeg 1920w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7334-wmarked-1170x956.jpeg 1170w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-103339" class="wp-caption-text">The Mobile Launcher 2 “chair” shown during NSF’s flyover. (Credit: Julia Bergeron for NSF)</p></div> <p>Mobile Launcher 2 for NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, designed to support the Block 1B version of SLS, has also seen progress. The beginnings of the platform’s launch tower are now clearly seen, with seven pieces of the tower’s base — known as the Mobile Launcher “chair” — now present. This base will support the first tower module.</p> <p>Mobile Launcher 2 is to support SLS launches starting with Artemis IV, as Block 1B can support launching not just the Orion spacecraft with its crew but also heavy cargo like elements for NASA’s Gateway in lunar orbit. The mobile launcher may not be ready to support a launch until the spring of 2029, while there are questions about the future viability of SLS being voiced, especially after the recent election results in the United States.</p> <p>During NSF’s flyover of Cape Canaveral, damage from Hurricane Milton was seen at Blue Origin’s Exploration Park campus. However, the damage was relatively limited and most facilities were relatively unscathed, with the most significant exception being the facility’s storage building that was under construction.</p> <div id="attachment_103340" style="width: 2272px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7473-wmarked.jpeg" data-rel="penci-gallery-image-content" ><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-103340" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-103340" src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7473-wmarked.jpeg" alt="" width="2262" height="1275" srcset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7473-wmarked.jpeg 2262w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7473-wmarked-350x197.jpeg 350w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7473-wmarked-621x350.jpeg 621w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7473-wmarked-768x433.jpeg 768w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7473-wmarked-1920x1082.jpeg 1920w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_7473-wmarked-1170x659.jpeg 1170w" sizes="(max-width: 2262px) 100vw, 2262px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-103340" class="wp-caption-text">The flattened storage building under construction at Blue Origin’s Exploration Park campus. (Credit: Julia Bergeron for NSF)</p></div> <p>The flyover also documented damage to the 2CAT second stage testing building from an earlier mishap, as well as progress on a large parking garage. Imagery was also obtained of the launch pad at Launch Complex-36 (LC-36) as well as other elements of Blue Origin’s facilities at Cape Canaveral.</p> <p>The flyover was conducted before the rollout of New Glenn’s first stage, <em>So You’re Telling Me There’s A Chance</em>, to LC-36 on Oct. 30 in preparation for its first flight. New Glenn’s two stages have now been mated in the complex’s hangar as preparations continue for a static test firing. The full stack rolled out on Nov. 21.</p> <p>Companies like Stoke Space, Firefly, and ABL Space Systems also have facilities at Cape Canaveral, though they were not covered in the recent flyover. Stoke Space has leased Launch Complex-14, which hosted orbital Project Mercury launches – including John Glenn’s – in the early 1960s. Firefly has a lease on Space Launch Complex-20, though it has prioritized operations at Wallops Island in Virginia over operations in Florida.</p> <div id="attachment_103341" style="width: 1230px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cachedImage.jpg" data-rel="penci-gallery-image-content" ><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-103341" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-103341" src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cachedImage.jpg" alt="" width="1220" height="941" srcset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cachedImage.jpg 1220w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cachedImage-350x270.jpg 350w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cachedImage-454x350.jpg 454w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cachedImage-768x592.jpg 768w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cachedImage-1170x902.jpg 1170w" sizes="(max-width: 1220px) 100vw, 1220px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-103341" class="wp-caption-text">The LC-14 facility at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station as recently seen by an Earth observation spacecraft. (Credit: Airbus and CNES)</p></div> <p>ABL leased Space Launch Complex-15 starting in early 2023, but ABL has now announced a pivot to missile defense systems while discontinuing its commercial launch ambitions. The ABL RS1 only flew once, and that launch failed shortly after liftoff from Kodiak, Alaska, and changes in the market caused ABL to reevaluate its plans. It remains to be seen whether SLC-15 will get another tenant.</p> <p>There are two additional facilities now planned for the future that will accommodate multiple civil, commercial, and government customers at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). NASA and All Points Logistics have recently submitted a draft environmental assessment for Space Prep’s upcoming complex at KSC.</p> <p>Space Prep, a service of All Points Logistics, is developing a complex south of the Vehicle Assembly Building with a spacecraft processing center and a spacecraft logistics center as a commercial space infrastructure-as-a-service offering.</p> <div id="attachment_103342" style="width: 721px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cachedImage.png" data-rel="penci-gallery-image-content" ><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-103342" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-103342" src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cachedImage.png" alt="" width="711" height="327" srcset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cachedImage.png 711w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cachedImage-350x161.png 350w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cachedImage-630x290.png 630w" sizes="(max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-103342" class="wp-caption-text">Artist’s impression of the two facilities at the upcoming Space Prep complex. (Credit: All Points Logistics/Space Prep)</p></div> <p>The complex is to begin construction next year and achieve initial operational capability in 2027 and will offer processing services for spacecraft of all sizes, including large ones that need 10 m fairings. While Astrotech already has a payload processing facility just outside KSC that serves the space sector, this development will add much more capacity for spacecraft processing for the growing sector as spaceflight activity continues to ramp up.</p> <p><iframe title="Is This New Tent at Kennedy Space Center for Starship? | KSC Flyover" width="1170" height="658" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Dzd2duyw-tg?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></p> <p><em>(Lead image: Relativity’s launch facility at SLC-16 is seen from a recent NSF flyover. Credit: Julia Bergeron for NSF)</em></p> <p><a href="https://shop.nasaspaceflight.com/collections/thrust-collection"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-103089 size-full" src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/THRUST_Collection_Forum_Thread_Ad.png" alt="" width="1030" height="220" srcset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/THRUST_Collection_Forum_Thread_Ad.png 1030w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/THRUST_Collection_Forum_Thread_Ad-350x75.png 350w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/THRUST_Collection_Forum_Thread_Ad-630x135.png 630w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/THRUST_Collection_Forum_Thread_Ad-768x164.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px" /></a></p> <div class="penci-single-link-pages"> </div> <div class="post-tags"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/tag/blue-origin/" rel="tag">Blue Origin</a><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/tag/mobile-launcher/" rel="tag">mobile launcher</a><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/tag/nasa/" rel="tag">NASA</a><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/tag/relativity/" rel="tag">Relativity</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tags-share-box single-post-share tags-share-box-s1 center-box social-align-default disable-btnplus post-share"> <span class="post-share-item post-share-plike"> <span class="count-number-like">1</span><a href="#" aria-label="Like this post" class="penci-post-like single-like-button" data-post_id="103309" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i></a> </span> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20Relativity%2C%20Amazon%2C%20and%20NASA%20continue%20work%20on%20Cape%20infrastructure%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/flyover/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2024%2F11%2Fflyover%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F11%2FDSC_7549-wmarked-scaled.jpeg&description=Relativity%2C+Amazon%2C+and+NASA+continue+work+on+Cape+infrastructure"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#16296563747c7375622b44737a77627f607f626f3a332426577b776c79783a33242677787233242658574557332426757978627f7863733324266179647d3324267978332426557766733324267f78706477656264637562636473303526252e2d5459524f2b7e626266652c393961616138787765776566777573707a7f717e623875797b392426242239272739707a6f7960736439"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a><a class="post-share-item post-share-expand" href="#" aria-label="Share Expand"><i class="penci-faicon penciicon-add" ></i></a> </div> <div class="post-pagination"> <div class="prev-post"> <div class="prev-post-inner"> <div class="prev-post-title"> <span>previous article</span> </div> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/"> <div class="pagi-text"> <h5 class="prev-title">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS</h5> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="next-post"> <div class="next-post-inner"> <div class="prev-post-title next-post-title"> <span>next article</span> </div> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/"> <div class="pagi-text"> <h5 class="next-title">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos</h5> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-related"> <div class="post-title-box"><h4 class="post-box-title">Related Articles</h4></div> <div class="penci-owl-carousel penci-owl-carousel-slider penci-related-carousel" data-lazy="true" data-item="3" data-desktop="3" data-tablet="2" data-tabsmall="2" data-auto="false" data-speed="300" data-dots="true"> <div class="item-related"> <a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder" style="background-image: url('https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-585x390.jpeg');" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> <h3> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </h3> <span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></span> </div> <div class="item-related"> <a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder" style="background-image: url('https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NSF-2024-11-27-22-53-45-745-585x390.jpg');" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starship-roundup-11-27-24/" title="Starbase continues its rapid pace of advancement after Starship Flight 6"> </a> <h3> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starship-roundup-11-27-24/">Starbase continues its rapid pace of advancement after...</a> </h3> <span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-27T17:55:11-05:00">November 27, 2024</time></span> </div> <div class="item-related"> <a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder" style="background-image: url('https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-585x390.jpeg');" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> <h3> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></span> </div> <div class="item-related"> <a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder" style="background-image: url('https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-585x390.png');" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> <h3> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian...</a> </h3> <span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></span> </div> <div class="item-related"> <a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder" style="background-image: url('https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-585x390.jpeg');" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> <h3> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></span> </div> <div class="item-related"> <a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder" style="background-image: url('https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Flight-6-Liftoff-585x390.jpeg');" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starship-flight-6-launch/" title="SpaceX lands Ship 31 in the Indian Ocean but miss the Booster Catch"> </a> <h3> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starship-flight-6-launch/">SpaceX lands Ship 31 in the Indian Ocean...</a> </h3> <span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-18T12:03:45-05:00">November 18, 2024</time></span> </div> <div class="item-related"> <a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder" style="background-image: url('https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/F_uyIHJWUAA8zQy-585x390.jpeg');" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starships-sound-study1/" title="New study reveals Starship’s true sound levels; shows differences between SLS and Falcon 9"> </a> <h3> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starships-sound-study1/">New study reveals Starship’s true sound levels; shows...</a> </h3> <span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-17T19:20:47-05:00">November 17, 2024</time></span> </div> <div class="item-related"> <a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder" style="background-image: url('https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HaoLong-Space-Cargo-Shuttle-Credit-Aviation-Industry-Corporation-of-China-crop-e1731690702218-585x390.jpg');" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary"> </a> <h3> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/">China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s...</a> </h3> <span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T02:37:32-05:00">November 15, 2024</time></span> </div> <div class="item-related"> <a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder" style="background-image: url('https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/NSF-2024-11-12-18-36-16-177-585x390.jpg');" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starship-roundup-11-11-24/" title="Starship preparations as rollouts begin ahead of full stack testing"> </a> <h3> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starship-roundup-11-11-24/">Starship preparations as rollouts begin ahead of full...</a> </h3> <span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-12T14:20:05-05:00">November 12, 2024</time></span> </div> <div class="item-related"> <a class="related-thumb penci-image-holder" style="background-image: url('https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-585x390.jpg');" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> <h3> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China...</a> </h3> <span class="date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></span> </div> </div></div> <div class="post-comments no-comment-yet penci-comments-hide-0" id="comments"> </div>  </article> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar" class="penci-sidebar-right penci-sidebar-content style-5 pcalign-left pciconp-right pcicon-right penci-sticky-sidebar"> <div class="theiaStickySidebar"> <aside id="custom_html-2" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4375203649665944" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-4375203649665944" data-ad-slot="1870045448" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script></div></aside><aside id="nsf_forum_widget-2" class="widget nsf_forum_widget"><h3 class="widget-title penci-border-arrow"><span class="inner-arrow">Active Discussions</span></h3> <div class="forum_recent"> Loading activity.. </div> </aside><aside id="text-3" class="widget widget_text"><h3 class="widget-title penci-border-arrow"><span class="inner-arrow">NSF Starbase Live</span></h3> <div class="textwidget"><p><iframe title="NSF Starbase Live" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mhJRzQsLZGg?autoplay=1&mute=1&enablejsapi=1" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></p> </div> </aside><aside id="custom_html-4" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><div style="text-align: center;"> <small><i>Advertisement</i></small> <a href="//www.novatechloadcells.co.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Nova.gif" title="NovaTech" alt="NovaTech"/></a> </div> </div></aside><aside id="custom_html-7" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><div style="text-align: center;"> <small><i>Advertisement</i></small> <a href="https://www.margaritavilleresorts.com/margaritaville-beach-resort-south-padre-island" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/signal-2023-04-07-174540_0021.png " title="Margaritaville Beach Resort South Padre Island" alt="Margaritaville Beach Resort South Padre Island"/></a> </div> </div></aside><aside id="custom_html-6" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="twitter-timeline" data-width="300" data-height="800" href="https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">Tweets by NASASpaceflight</a> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div> </div></aside><aside id="nsf_schedule_widget-3" class="widget nsf_schedule_widget"><h3 class="widget-title penci-border-arrow"><span class="inner-arrow">Launch Schedule</span></h3> <style> .launch-schedule-widget { } .launch-schedule-widget h2, .launch-schedule-widget h3 { margin: 0; } .launch-schedule-widget p { margin: 0; } .launch-schedule-widget__wrapper { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 30px; } .launch-schedule-widget__header { border-bottom: 2px solid #111111; } .launch-schedule-widget__header-title { background-color: #111111; padding: 0.5rem 1rem; color: #fff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; width: fit-content; } .launch-schedule-widget__list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 15px; list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; } .launch-schedule-widget__list-item { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; } .launch-schedule-widget__mission-name { font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; color: #111111; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; display: flex; gap: 0.5rem; align-items: center; } .launch-schedule-widget__mission-name a { color: #111111; text-decoration: none; } .launch-schedule-widget__mission-name a:hover, .launch-schedule-widget__mission-name a:focus, .launch-schedule-widget__mission-name a:active, .launch-schedule-widget__mission-name a:visited { color: #111111; text-decoration: underline; } .pcdark-mode .launch-schedule-widget__vehicle-provider-location-wrapper { color: #fff; } .launch-schedule-widget__vehicle-provider-location-wrapper { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.5rem; color: #111111; font-size: 12px; } .launch-schedule-widget__net { font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; } .launch-schedule-widget__red-dot { width: 10px; height: 10px; border-radius: 9999px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; margin-left: 0.25rem; background-color: #d15e60; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; animation: pulse 1s infinite; } .launch-schedule-widget__next-launch-pill { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 0.5rem; font-size: 12px; background-color: #d15e60; color: #fff; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; border-radius: 9999px; } .launch-schedule-widget__button { font-size: 16px; color: white; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.5rem; background-color: black; border: none; display: flex; flex-grow: 1; align-items: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; } .launch-schedule-widget__button:hover, .launch-schedule-widget__button:focus, .launch-schedule-widget__button:active, .launch-schedule-widget__button:visited { text-decoration: none; } .launch-schedule-widget__button--watch { background-color: #d15e60; } @keyframes pulse { 0% { transform: scale(0.9); box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(209, 94, 96, 0.7); } 70% { transform: scale(1); box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px rgba(209, 94, 96, 0); } 100% { transform: scale(0.9); box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(209, 94, 96, 0); } } </style> <div class="launch-schedule-widget"> <div id="launch-list-widget" class="launch-schedule-widget__wrapper"> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear-footer"></div> <div class="container penci-google-adsense penci-google-adsense-footer"><script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-4375203649665944" data-ad-slot="6600338389" data-ad-format="auto"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script></div> <footer id="footer-section" class="penci-footer-social-media penci-lazy footer-social-remove-circle" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-socials-section"> <ul class="footer-socials"> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/NASASpaceflight/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i> <span>Facebook</span></a> </li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i> <span>Twitter</span></a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/nasaspaceflight_ig/" aria-label="Instagram" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-instagram" ></i> <span>Instagram</span></a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSUu1lih2RifWkKtDOJdsBA" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-youtube-play" ></i> <span>Youtube</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-logo-copyright footer-not-logo footer-not-gotop"> <div class="footer-menu-wrap" role="navigation" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-footer-menu" class="footer-menu"><li id="menu-item-54105" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-54105"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/about/">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54106" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-54106"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/cookie-policy/">Cookie Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54107" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-54107"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/advertising/">Advertising Info</a></li> <li id="menu-item-82348" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-82348"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/join-the-team/">Join The Team</a></li> <li id="menu-item-86258" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-86258"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/content-use-policy/">Content Use Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="footer-copyright"> <p>©2005-2023 - NASASpaceflight.com</p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div class="penci-go-to-top-floating"><i class="penciicon-up-chevron"></i></div> <a href="#" id="close-sidebar-nav" class="header-6"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-close" ></i></a> <nav id="sidebar-nav" class="header-6" role="navigation" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <div id="sidebar-nav-logo"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"><img class="penci-lazy sidebar-nav-logo penci-limg" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20128%2048'%3E%3C/svg%3E" width="128" height="48" data-src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/logo_128x48-1.png" data-lightlogo="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/logo_128x48-1.png" alt="NASASpaceFlight.com"/></a> </div> <div class="header-social sidebar-nav-social"> <div class="inner-header-social"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/NASASpaceflight/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/nasaspaceflight_ig/" aria-label="Instagram" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-instagram" ></i></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSUu1lih2RifWkKtDOJdsBA" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-youtube-play" ></i></a> </div> </div> <ul id="menu-top-menu-3" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53697"><a href="//forum.nasaspaceflight.com">Forums</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53693"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/l2/">L2 Sign Up</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53577"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/artemis/">Artemis</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53575"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/spacex/">SpaceX</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53571"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/">Commercial</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53579"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/iss/">ISS</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53573"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/">International</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53573"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" data-id="penci-mega-653"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/" data-id="penci-mega-4"><span>Chinese</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/" data-id="penci-mega-12"><span>European</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" data-id="penci-mega-756"><span>Indian</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/" data-id="penci-mega-3521"><span>Japan</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/" data-id="penci-mega-5"><span>Russian</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-653 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/blue-origin/">Blue Origin</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HaoLong-Space-Cargo-Shuttle-Credit-Aviation-Industry-Corporation-of-China-crop-e1731690702218-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary">China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T02:37:32-05:00">November 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-4"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HaoLong-Space-Cargo-Shuttle-Credit-Aviation-Industry-Corporation-of-China-crop-e1731690702218-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary">China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T02:37:32-05:00">November 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-12"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ARIANE_6_fully_stacked_pillars-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads">European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-09T15:55:54-05:00">November 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/PLD-Space-lead-image-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade">PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-08T16:07:36-05:00">November 8, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/GZUjHIOXwAApIp6-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/hera-launch/" title="ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as Falcon 9 returns to flight"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/hera-launch/" title="ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as Falcon 9 returns to flight">ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-07T06:59:32-05:00">October 7, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-756"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_4381-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled">Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B,…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-12T18:02:54-05:00">August 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/AS_c10_A_4K.0001-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration">Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-15T16:03:40-05:00">February 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NSF-2024-01-01-13-25-00-661-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch">India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-31T18:25:03-05:00">December 31, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IF3A9134.resize-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone">Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-19T17:35:51-05:00">December 19, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3521"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Falcon-9-launches-NROL-167-SpaceXs-400th-orbital-launch-from-SLC-4E-at-Vandenberg-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-21T16:29:45-05:00">October 21, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Artist_impression_of_the_supermassive_black_hole_in_NGC_4151_pillars-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole">One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-29T15:04:32-05:00">September 29, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_1889-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/launch-roundup-092324/" title="Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and Chinese launches continue"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/launch-roundup-092324/" title="Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and Chinese launches continue">Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-23T12:54:21-05:00">September 23, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-5"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/F-DUDdTWMAAnchL-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-110424/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to ISS, Roscosmos and Rocket Lab also launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-110424/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to ISS, Roscosmos and Rocket Lab also launch">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-04T18:13:17-05:00">November 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/54002713616_36f0cdf177_o-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/iss-roundup-092624/" title="ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024 with Expedition 71 giving way to Expedition 72"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/iss-roundup-092624/" title="ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024 with Expedition 71 giving way to Expedition 72">ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-26T16:15:49-05:00">September 26, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53581"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/">Other</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53581"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/" data-id="penci-mega-1"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/" data-id="penci-mega-3353"><span>Science</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/" data-id="penci-mega-3"><span>Shuttle</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" data-id="penci-mega-14"><span>Uncrewed</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-1 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/47931_PIA25681-FigureA-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles">Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-10T16:19:22-05:00">November 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3353"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/47931_PIA25681-FigureA-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles">Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-10T16:19:22-05:00">November 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mars_-_Atmosphere_and_Cassini_Crater_-_Hope_Mission_Orbit_19_52252929420-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars">New study reveals potential existence of life in…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-27T16:07:09-05:00">October 27, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Hubble_docked_in_the_cargo_bay-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago">How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-05-18T16:13:04-05:00">May 18, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IMG_8867-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos">30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-03T16:54:28-05:00">December 3, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/NSF-2023-04-26-23-06-44-225-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad">SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-04-26T21:27:44-05:00">April 26, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Fojf0NyXgAIUlhx-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship">Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-03-28T12:33:36-05:00">March 28, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-14"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_6319-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket">Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-12T16:26:56-05:00">September 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-12-at-13.50.38-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn’s maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn’s maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing">New Glenn’s maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-13T15:09:27-05:00">August 13, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/NSF-2024-07-30-18-35-51-500-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/launch-roundup-0630/" title="Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon 9 missions flying this week"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/launch-roundup-0630/" title="Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon 9 missions flying this week">Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-07-30T12:31:10-05:00">July 30, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/NSF-2024-07-30-18-34-06-963-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/ussf-51/" title="Atlas V successfully launched its last ever national security mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/ussf-51/" title="Atlas V successfully launched its last ever national security mission">Atlas V successfully launched its last ever national…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-07-29T15:16:07-05:00">July 29, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-75502"><a href="https://shop.nasaspaceflight.com">Shop</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-96018"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/schedule/">Schedule</a></li> </ul> </nav> <script id="penci-dm-checking" type="text/javascript">function penci_dmgetcookie(cname) { let name = cname + "="; let decodedCookie = decodeURIComponent(document.cookie); let ca = decodedCookie.split(';'); for (let i = 0; i < ca.length; i++) { let c = ca[i]; while (c.charAt(0) == ' ') { c = c.substring(1); } if (c.indexOf(name) == 0) { return c.substring(name.length, c.length); } } return ""; } let alllogos = document.querySelectorAll('.penci-limg'), body = document.querySelector('body'), autoby = penci_dark.auto_by, darktheme = penci_dark.darktheme, hr = (new Date()).getHours(), cv = penci_dmgetcookie('penci_mode'), cc, lc = 'pclight-mode', dc = 'pcdark-mode'; if (darktheme !== '') { cc = 'pcdm-enable'; } if (autoby === 'os' && !darktheme && window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches) { body.classList.remove('pcdm-enable', 'pclight-mode') body.classList.add(dc, 'pcdm-enable'); document.cookie = "penci_mode=dark; path=/"; alllogos.forEach((alllogo) => { var lgimg = alllogo.getAttribute('data-darklogo'); if (lgimg !== null) { alllogo.src = lgimg; alllogo.setAttribute('data-src', lgimg); } }); } else if (autoby === 'os' && window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)').matches) { body.classList.remove('pcdm-enable', 'pcdark-mode') body.classList.add(lc, cc); document.cookie = "penci_mode=light; path=/"; alllogos.forEach((alllogo) => { var lgimg = alllogo.getAttribute('data-lightlogo'); if (lgimg !== null) { alllogo.src = lgimg; alllogo.setAttribute('data-src', lgimg); } }); } if ((autoby === 'time' && hr > 18) || cv === 'dark') { body.classList.remove('pcdm-enable', 'pclight-mode') body.classList.add(dc, 'pcdm-enable'); document.cookie = "penci_mode=dark; path=/"; alllogos.forEach((alllogo) => { var lgimg = alllogo.getAttribute('data-darklogo'); if (lgimg !== null) { alllogo.src = lgimg; alllogo.setAttribute('data-src', lgimg); } }); } else if (autoby === 'time' || cv === 'light') { body.classList.remove('pcdm-enable', 'pcdark-mode') body.classList.add(lc, cc); document.cookie = "penci_mode=light; path=/"; alllogos.forEach((alllogo) => { var lgimg = alllogo.getAttribute('data-lightlogo'); if (lgimg !== null) { alllogo.src = lgimg; alllogo.setAttribute('data-src', lgimg); } }); } </script><script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/plugins/penci-shortcodes/assets/play.js?ver=5.4' id='penci-play-js-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/js/penci-lazy.js?ver=8.3.1' id='pc-lazy-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/js/libs-script.min.js?ver=8.3.1' id='penci-libs-js-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='main-scripts-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var ajax_var_more = {"url":"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"f80fecc450","errorPass":"<p class=\"message message-error\">Password does not match the confirm password<\/p>","login":"Email Address","password":"Password","headerstyle":"default"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/js/main.js?ver=8.3.1' id='main-scripts-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='penci_ajax_like_post-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var ajax_var = {"url":"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"f80fecc450","errorPass":"<p class=\"message message-error\">Password does not match the confirm password<\/p>","login":"Email Address","password":"Password","headerstyle":"default"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/js/post-like.js?ver=8.3.1' id='penci_ajax_like_post-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='penci_ajax_more_posts-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var penci_ajax_more_posts = {"nonce":"7413ea3c69"}; var ajax_var_more = {"url":"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"f80fecc450","errorPass":"<p class=\"message message-error\">Password does not match the confirm password<\/p>","login":"Email Address","password":"Password","headerstyle":"default"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/js/more-post.js?ver=8.3.1' id='penci_ajax_more_posts-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/inc/builder/assets/js/penci-header-builder.js?ver=8.3.1' id='penci-header-builder-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad-nsf/js/forum.js?ver=4.0.2' id='forum_recent-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad-nsf/js/launch_schedule.js?ver=1.0.4' id='launch_schedule-js' defer data-wp-strategy='defer'></script>  <div id="cookie-notice" role="dialog" class="cookie-notice-hidden cookie-revoke-hidden cn-position-bottom" aria-label="Cookie Notice" style="background-color: rgba(0,0,0,1);"><div class="cookie-notice-container" style="color: #fff"><span id="cn-notice-text" class="cn-text-container">We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it.</span><span id="cn-notice-buttons" class="cn-buttons-container"><a href="#" id="cn-accept-cookie" data-cookie-set="accept" class="cn-set-cookie cn-button cn-button-custom button" aria-label="Ok">Ok</a><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/cookie-policy/" target="_blank" id="cn-more-info" class="cn-more-info cn-button cn-button-custom button" aria-label="Read more">Read more</a></span><span id="cn-close-notice" data-cookie-set="accept" class="cn-close-icon" title="No"></span></div> </div>  <script type='text/javascript' id="soledad-pagespeed-header" data-cfasync="false">!function(n,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=t():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(t):(n="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:n||self).LazyLoad=t()}(this,(function(){"use strict";function n(){return n=Object.assign||function(n){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var e=arguments[t];for(var i in e)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,i)&&(n[i]=e[i])}return n},n.apply(this,arguments)}var t="undefined"!=typeof window,e=t&&!("onscroll"in window)||"undefined"!=typeof navigator&&/(gle|ing|ro)bot|crawl|spider/i.test(navigator.userAgent),i=t&&"IntersectionObserver"in window,o=t&&"classList"in document.createElement("p"),a=t&&window.devicePixelRatio>1,r={elements_selector:".lazy",container:e||t?document:null,threshold:300,thresholds:null,data_src:"src",data_srcset:"srcset",data_sizes:"sizes",data_bg:"bg",data_bg_hidpi:"bg-hidpi",data_bg_multi:"bg-multi",data_bg_multi_hidpi:"bg-multi-hidpi",data_poster:"poster",class_applied:"applied",class_loading:"loading",class_loaded:"loaded",class_error:"error",class_entered:"entered",class_exited:"exited",unobserve_completed:!0,unobserve_entered:!1,cancel_on_exit:!0,callback_enter:null,callback_exit:null,callback_applied:null,callback_loading:null,callback_loaded:null,callback_error:null,callback_finish:null,callback_cancel:null,use_native:!1},c=function(t){return n({},r,t)},u=function(n,t){var e,i="LazyLoad::Initialized",o=new n(t);try{e=new CustomEvent(i,{detail:{instance:o}})}catch(n){(e=document.createEvent("CustomEvent")).initCustomEvent(i,!1,!1,{instance:o})}window.dispatchEvent(e)},l="src",s="srcset",f="sizes",d="poster",_="llOriginalAttrs",g="loading",v="loaded",b="applied",p="error",h="native",m="data-",E="ll-status",I=function(n,t){return n.getAttribute(m+t)},y=function(n){return I(n,E)},A=function(n,t){return function(n,t,e){var i="data-ll-status";null!==e?n.setAttribute(i,e):n.removeAttribute(i)}(n,0,t)},k=function(n){return A(n,null)},L=function(n){return null===y(n)},w=function(n){return y(n)===h},x=[g,v,b,p],O=function(n,t,e,i){n&&(void 0===i?void 0===e?n(t):n(t,e):n(t,e,i))},N=function(n,t){o?n.classList.add(t):n.className+=(n.className?" ":"")+t},C=function(n,t){o?n.classList.remove(t):n.className=n.className.replace(new RegExp("(^|\\s+)"+t+"(\\s+|$)")," ").replace(/^\s+/,"").replace(/\s+$/,"")},M=function(n){return n.llTempImage},z=function(n,t){if(t){var e=t._observer;e&&e.unobserve(n)}},R=function(n,t){n&&(n.loadingCount+=t)},T=function(n,t){n&&(n.toLoadCount=t)},G=function(n){for(var t,e=[],i=0;t=n.children[i];i+=1)"SOURCE"===t.tagName&&e.push(t);return e},D=function(n,t){var e=n.parentNode;e&&"PICTURE"===e.tagName&&G(e).forEach(t)},V=function(n,t){G(n).forEach(t)},F=[l],j=[l,d],P=[l,s,f],S=function(n){return!!n[_]},U=function(n){return n[_]},$=function(n){return delete n[_]},q=function(n,t){if(!S(n)){var e={};t.forEach((function(t){e[t]=n.getAttribute(t)})),n[_]=e}},H=function(n,t){if(S(n)){var e=U(n);t.forEach((function(t){!function(n,t,e){e?n.setAttribute(t,e):n.removeAttribute(t)}(n,t,e[t])}))}},B=function(n,t,e){N(n,t.class_loading),A(n,g),e&&(R(e,1),O(t.callback_loading,n,e))},J=function(n,t,e){e&&n.setAttribute(t,e)},K=function(n,t){J(n,f,I(n,t.data_sizes)),J(n,s,I(n,t.data_srcset)),J(n,l,I(n,t.data_src))},Q={IMG:function(n,t){D(n,(function(n){q(n,P),K(n,t)})),q(n,P),K(n,t)},IFRAME:function(n,t){q(n,F),J(n,l,I(n,t.data_src))},VIDEO:function(n,t){V(n,(function(n){q(n,F),J(n,l,I(n,t.data_src))})),q(n,j),J(n,d,I(n,t.data_poster)),J(n,l,I(n,t.data_src)),n.load()}},W=["IMG","IFRAME","VIDEO"],X=function(n,t){!t||function(n){return n.loadingCount>0}(t)||function(n){return n.toLoadCount>0}(t)||O(n.callback_finish,t)},Y=function(n,t,e){n.addEventListener(t,e),n.llEvLisnrs[t]=e},Z=function(n,t,e){n.removeEventListener(t,e)},nn=function(n){return!!n.llEvLisnrs},tn=function(n){if(nn(n)){var t=n.llEvLisnrs;for(var e in t){var i=t[e];Z(n,e,i)}delete n.llEvLisnrs}},en=function(n,t,e){!function(n){delete n.llTempImage}(n),R(e,-1),function(n){n&&(n.toLoadCount-=1)}(e),C(n,t.class_loading),t.unobserve_completed&&z(n,e)},on=function(n,t,e){var i=M(n)||n;nn(i)||function(n,t,e){nn(n)||(n.llEvLisnrs={});var i="VIDEO"===n.tagName?"loadeddata":"load";Y(n,i,t),Y(n,"error",e)}(i,(function(o){!function(n,t,e,i){var o=w(t);en(t,e,i),N(t,e.class_loaded),A(t,v),O(e.callback_loaded,t,i),o||X(e,i)}(0,n,t,e),tn(i)}),(function(o){!function(n,t,e,i){var o=w(t);en(t,e,i),N(t,e.class_error),A(t,p),O(e.callback_error,t,i),o||X(e,i)}(0,n,t,e),tn(i)}))},an=function(n,t,e){!function(n){n.llTempImage=document.createElement("IMG")}(n),on(n,t,e),function(n){S(n)||(n[_]={backgroundImage:n.style.backgroundImage})}(n),function(n,t,e){var i=I(n,t.data_bg),o=I(n,t.data_bg_hidpi),r=a&&o?o:i;r&&(n.style.backgroundImage='url("'.concat(r,'")'),M(n).setAttribute(l,r),B(n,t,e))}(n,t,e),function(n,t,e){var i=I(n,t.data_bg_multi),o=I(n,t.data_bg_multi_hidpi),r=a&&o?o:i;r&&(n.style.backgroundImage=r,function(n,t,e){N(n,t.class_applied),A(n,b),e&&(t.unobserve_completed&&z(n,t),O(t.callback_applied,n,e))}(n,t,e))}(n,t,e)},rn=function(n,t,e){!function(n){return W.indexOf(n.tagName)>-1}(n)?an(n,t,e):function(n,t,e){on(n,t,e),function(n,t,e){var i=Q[n.tagName];i&&(i(n,t),B(n,t,e))}(n,t,e)}(n,t,e)},cn=function(n){n.removeAttribute(l),n.removeAttribute(s),n.removeAttribute(f)},un=function(n){D(n,(function(n){H(n,P)})),H(n,P)},ln={IMG:un,IFRAME:function(n){H(n,F)},VIDEO:function(n){V(n,(function(n){H(n,F)})),H(n,j),n.load()}},sn=function(n,t){(function(n){var t=ln[n.tagName];t?t(n):function(n){if(S(n)){var t=U(n);n.style.backgroundImage=t.backgroundImage}}(n)})(n),function(n,t){L(n)||w(n)||(C(n,t.class_entered),C(n,t.class_exited),C(n,t.class_applied),C(n,t.class_loading),C(n,t.class_loaded),C(n,t.class_error))}(n,t),k(n),$(n)},fn=["IMG","IFRAME","VIDEO"],dn=function(n){return n.use_native&&"loading"in HTMLImageElement.prototype},_n=function(n,t,e){n.forEach((function(n){return function(n){return n.isIntersecting||n.intersectionRatio>0}(n)?function(n,t,e,i){var o=function(n){return x.indexOf(y(n))>=0}(n);A(n,"entered"),N(n,e.class_entered),C(n,e.class_exited),function(n,t,e){t.unobserve_entered&&z(n,e)}(n,e,i),O(e.callback_enter,n,t,i),o||rn(n,e,i)}(n.target,n,t,e):function(n,t,e,i){L(n)||(N(n,e.class_exited),function(n,t,e,i){e.cancel_on_exit&&function(n){return y(n)===g}(n)&&"IMG"===n.tagName&&(tn(n),function(n){D(n,(function(n){cn(n)})),cn(n)}(n),un(n),C(n,e.class_loading),R(i,-1),k(n),O(e.callback_cancel,n,t,i))}(n,t,e,i),O(e.callback_exit,n,t,i))}(n.target,n,t,e)}))},gn=function(n){return Array.prototype.slice.call(n)},vn=function(n){return n.container.querySelectorAll(n.elements_selector)},bn=function(n){return function(n){return y(n)===p}(n)},pn=function(n,t){return function(n){return gn(n).filter(L)}(n||vn(t))},hn=function(n,e){var o=c(n);this._settings=o,this.loadingCount=0,function(n,t){i&&!dn(n)&&(t._observer=new IntersectionObserver((function(e){_n(e,n,t)}),function(n){return{root:n.container===document?null:n.container,rootMargin:n.thresholds||n.threshold+"px"}}(n)))}(o,this),function(n,e){t&&window.addEventListener("online",(function(){!function(n,t){var e;(e=vn(n),gn(e).filter(bn)).forEach((function(t){C(t,n.class_error),k(t)})),t.update()}(n,e)}))}(o,this),this.update(e)};return hn.prototype={update:function(n){var t,o,a=this._settings,r=pn(n,a);T(this,r.length),!e&&i?dn(a)?function(n,t,e){n.forEach((function(n){-1!==fn.indexOf(n.tagName)&&function(n,t,e){n.setAttribute("loading","lazy"),on(n,t,e),function(n,t){var e=Q[n.tagName];e&&e(n,t)}(n,t),A(n,h)}(n,t,e)})),T(e,0)}(r,a,this):(o=r,function(n){n.disconnect()}(t=this._observer),function(n,t){t.forEach((function(t){n.observe(t)}))}(t,o)):this.loadAll(r)},destroy:function(){this._observer&&this._observer.disconnect(),vn(this._settings).forEach((function(n){$(n)})),delete this._observer,delete this._settings,delete this.loadingCount,delete this.toLoadCount},loadAll:function(n){var t=this,e=this._settings;pn(n,e).forEach((function(n){z(n,t),rn(n,e,t)}))},restoreAll:function(){var n=this._settings;vn(n).forEach((function(t){sn(t,n)}))}},hn.load=function(n,t){var e=c(t);rn(n,e)},hn.resetStatus=function(n){k(n)},t&&function(n,t){if(t)if(t.length)for(var e,i=0;e=t[i];i+=1)u(n,e);else u(n,t)}(hn,window.lazyLoadOptions),hn})); (function () { var PenciLazy = new LazyLoad({ elements_selector: '.penci-lazy', data_bg: 'bgset', class_loading: 'lazyloading', class_entered: 'lazyloaded', class_loaded: 'pcloaded', unobserve_entered: true }); MutationObserver = window.MutationObserver || window.WebKitMutationObserver; var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations, observer) { PenciLazy.update(); }); observer.observe(document, { subtree: true, attributes: true }); })(); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Relativity, Amazon, and NASA continue work on Cape infrastructure - NASASpaceFlight.com