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id="fl-main-content" class="fl-page-content" itemprop="mainContentOfPage" role="main"> <div class="fl-content-full container"> <div class="row"> <div class="fl-content col-md-12"> <article class="fl-post post-1824 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry" id="fl-post-1824" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <div class="fl-post-content clearfix" itemprop="text"> <div class="fl-builder-content fl-builder-content-1824 fl-builder-content-primary fl-builder-global-templates-locked" data-post-id="1824"><div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-h8o4ca9i15nr fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="h8o4ca9i15nr"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-8okmqh14ji26 fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="8okmqh14ji26"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-jpk2xd8qlunm fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-contained river-image-content border-bottom" data-node="jpk2xd8qlunm"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-g2ry5uq4l8pe fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="g2ry5uq4l8pe"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-e5rjksmb0gyo fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="e5rjksmb0gyo"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-4cnr68osylxu" data-node="4cnr68osylxu"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-4448 size-full" src="https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/shutterstock_2324978167.jpg" alt="Team Of Professionals Having A Meeting In A Digital Marketing" itemprop="image" height="643" width="1000" title="Team,Of,Professionals,Having,A,Meeting,In,A,Digital,Marketing" srcset="https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/shutterstock_2324978167.jpg 1000w, https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/shutterstock_2324978167-600x386.jpg 600w, https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/shutterstock_2324978167-768x494.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-su9ztyw1lekv fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="su9ztyw1lekv"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-03wmia9yf867" data-node="03wmia9yf867"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Giving Opportunities</span> </h3> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-ha4igedun6mo" data-node="ha4igedun6mo"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Your philanthropy underpins our ability to address critical issues and catalyze action on problems that affect everyone.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-4e0or3tbzf8q simple-button" data-node="4e0or3tbzf8q"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="/support-our-work/giving-opportunities/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-gbcvyw5e21qf fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="gbcvyw5e21qf"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-582tjadb7i0r fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-contained river-image-content border-bottom" data-node="582tjadb7i0r"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-7ch1spuzyni0 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="7ch1spuzyni0"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-k84moczlx0wr fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="k84moczlx0wr"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-zeny1wpfiv4k" data-node="zeny1wpfiv4k"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-5567 size-full" src="https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-PlannedGiving.jpg" alt="Three seniors discussing financial matters with a professional advisor." itemprop="image" height="1200" width="1600" title="River-Support-PlannedGiving" srcset="https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-PlannedGiving.jpg 1600w, https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-PlannedGiving-600x450.jpg 600w, https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-PlannedGiving-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-PlannedGiving-768x576.jpg 768w, https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-PlannedGiving-1536x1152.jpg 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-7vg8jpc5s4m1 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="7vg8jpc5s4m1"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-jvtd1ha0z2ke" data-node="jvtd1ha0z2ke"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Planned Giving</span> </h3> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-y4qvdskbgael" data-node="y4qvdskbgael"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Your charitable gift will provide vital support for science, engineering, and medicine and influence the well-being of others far into the future.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-21nwgojei4v0 simple-button" data-node="21nwgojei4v0"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="https://nationalacademiesgiving.org/" target="_blank" class="fl-button" rel="noopener" > <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-iplgbjzux4fw fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="iplgbjzux4fw"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-1oj8mw467tyn fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-contained river-image-content border-bottom" data-node="1oj8mw467tyn"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-rz85y94cuf1k fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="rz85y94cuf1k"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-lg0wdv7sa2x1 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="lg0wdv7sa2x1"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-cf6unt2eo7iy" data-node="cf6unt2eo7iy"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-6252 size-full" src="https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-GivingSocieties-2.jpg" alt="Albert Einstein Memorial Statue" itemprop="image" height="1200" width="1600" title="River-Support-GivingSocieties-2" srcset="https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-GivingSocieties-2.jpg 1600w, https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-GivingSocieties-2-600x450.jpg 600w, https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-GivingSocieties-2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-GivingSocieties-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-GivingSocieties-2-1536x1152.jpg 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" /> </div> <div class="fl-photo-caption fl-photo-caption-below" itemprop="caption">Albert Einstein Memorial Statue © 1978 by Robert Berks.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-3dztx1k2cvis fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="3dztx1k2cvis"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-jgu3qo27nsca" data-node="jgu3qo27nsca"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Giving Societies</span> </h3> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-5349zsyei01b" data-node="5349zsyei01b"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>We appreciate the significant financial contributions our donors make in support of the NAS and its initiatives. Their generosity enhances the impact of the NAS's work and supports its vital role as scientific advisor to the nation.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-xycf78k13apb simple-button" data-node="xycf78k13apb"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="/support-our-work/giving-societies/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Learn More</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-lwqo4mirkd17 fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="lwqo4mirkd17"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-x82yn9lt10g4 fl-col-bg-color fl-col-has-cols river-contained river-image-content border-bottom" data-node="x82yn9lt10g4"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-1fvrt9yjwqda fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="1fvrt9yjwqda"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-ozncadx4lerg fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col" data-node="ozncadx4lerg"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-n34bwqcoxa17" data-node="n34bwqcoxa17"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-5568 size-full" src="https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-WaystoGive.jpg" alt="Aerial view of a river winding through a lush green marsh landscape." itemprop="image" height="1200" width="1600" title="River-Support-WaystoGive" srcset="https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-WaystoGive.jpg 1600w, https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-WaystoGive-600x450.jpg 600w, https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-WaystoGive-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-WaystoGive-768x576.jpg 768w, https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/River-Support-WaystoGive-1536x1152.jpg 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-kn4ibmyh6auc fl-col-bg-color fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="kn4ibmyh6auc"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-47eqa1sxtk5v" data-node="47eqa1sxtk5v"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Ways to Give</span> </h3> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-tpw5yzaj91hd" data-node="tpw5yzaj91hd"> <div class="fl-module-content 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