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Italianização – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre

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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Italianização</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 20 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italianisierung" title="Italianisierung — alemão suíço" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Italianisierung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemão suíço" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9" title="طلينة — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طلينة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Італьянізацыя — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Італьянізацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Італінізацыя — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Італінізацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italianitzaci%C3%B3" title="Italianització — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Italianització" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italianisierung" title="Italianisierung — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Italianisierung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italianization" title="Italianization — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Italianization" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italianizaci%C3%B3n_fascista" title="Italianización fascista — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Italianización fascista" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italianisation" title="Italianisation — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Italianisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talijanizacija" title="Talijanizacija — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Talijanizacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italianisasi" title="Italianisasi — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Italianisasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italianizzazione_(fascismo)" title="Italianizzazione (fascismo) — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Italianizzazione (fascismo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talianisazion" title="Talianisazion — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Talianisazion" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italianisering" title="Italianisering — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Italianisering" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italienisering" title="Italienisering — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Italienisering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Итальянизация — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Итальянизация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italianitzatzione" title="Italianitzatzione — sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Italianitzatzione" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poitalijan%C4%8Devanje" title="Poitalijančevanje — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poitalijančevanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Италијанизација — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Италијанизација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italienisering" title="Italienisering — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Italienisering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1675071#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Italianiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discuss%C3%A3o:Italianiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página (página não existe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Italianiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Italianiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italianiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o&amp;oldid=69073043" title="Hiperligação 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Fascist_italianization.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fascist_italianization.jpg/220px-Fascist_italianization.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fascist_italianization.jpg/330px-Fascist_italianization.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Fascist_italianization.jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Cartaz sobre a italianização</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>italianização</b> foi uma campanha do regime fascista de <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> dirigida a áreas de língua não italiana com o objetivo de assimilá-las à cultura italiana.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Muitos intelectuais acolheram a iniciativa, entre eles <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Giovanni Gentile</a> viu nela a recuperação lingüística de terras anteriormente "des-italianizadas" ou, em parte, "des-latinizadas" ou <a href="/wiki/Gabriele_d%27Annunzio" title="Gabriele d&#39;Annunzio">Gabriele d'Annunzio</a>, que propôs, por exemplo, o termo <i>arzente</i> para indicar o destilado de bagaço e, em geral, qualquer licor alcoólico.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dentre os diversos aspectos da política, destacam-se os seguintes: </p> <ul><li>A italianização de muitos sobrenomes não italianos (por exemplo, os eslovenos Vodopivec em Bevilacqua, Krizman em Crismani, etc.). Na província italiana de <a href="/wiki/Trieste_(prov%C3%ADncia)" title="Trieste (província)">Trieste</a>, os sobrenomes de milhares de pessoas foram italianizados, principalmente os de origem eslovena e croata.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A italianização de nomes de lugares, um fenômeno particularmente notável no <a href="/wiki/Bolzano_(prov%C3%ADncia_aut%C3%B3noma)" title="Bolzano (província autónoma)">Alto Adige</a> (por exemplo, Sterzing para Vipiteno), no <a href="/wiki/Piemonte" title="Piemonte">Piemonte</a> e no <a href="/wiki/Vale_de_Aosta" title="Vale de Aosta">Vale de Aosta</a> (por exemplo, Salbertrand para Salabertano) e na <a href="/wiki/Veneza_J%C3%BAlia" title="Veneza Júlia">Venezia Giulia</a> (por exemplo, Godovic para Godovici).</li> <li>A italianização de termos comumente usados com equivalentes, por exemplo, <i>mescita</i> em vez de bar. Foram introduzidos termos para substituir outros que se tornaram parte do uso comum, por exemplo, <i>tramezzino</i> para sanduíche.</li></ul> <p>No jornal <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_Popolo_d%27Italia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Il Popolo d&#39;Italia (página não existe)">Il Popolo d'Italia</a></i> de 1938 foi publicado:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68288478">.mw-parser-output .flexquote{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-color:#F1F1F1;border-left:3px solid #C7C7C7;font-size:100%;margin:1em 4em;padding:.4em .8em}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex>.quote{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex>.separator{border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7;border-top:1px solid #C7C7C7;margin:.4em .8em}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.cite{text-align:right}@media all and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex{flex-direction:column}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .flexquote{background-color:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .flexquote{background-color:transparent}}</style> </p> <blockquote class="flexquote" style="padding:0 1.2em; border-left:5px solid #c8ccd1;margin:30px"><div class="w-quote-texto">Devemos voltar à nossa tradição, devemos renunciar, rejeitar as várias modas de Paris, ou de Londres ou da América. Em todo caso, outros povos terão de olhar para nós, como olharam para Roma ou a Itália renascentista.</div></blockquote><p>O processo também previa a censura ou fechamento de jornais que publicassem em idioma diferente do italiano,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> além do fechamento de bancos e instituições de crédito locais. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italianiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italianiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Russificação">Russificação</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Finl%C3%A2ndia" title="Russificação da Finlândia">Russificação da Finlândia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonialidade" title="Decolonialidade">Decolonialidade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coreaniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coreanização (página não existe)">Coreanização</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africaniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Africanização">Africanização</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teoria_cr%C3%ADtica" title="Teoria crítica">Teoria crítica</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referências"><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italianiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar secção: Referências" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italianiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Referências"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/lingua-del-fascismo_(Enciclopedia-dell%27Italiano)">«fascismo, lingua del in "Enciclopedia dell'Italiano<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>»</a>. <i>www.treccani.it</i> (em italiano)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de julho de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AItalianiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o&amp;rft.atitle=fascismo%2C+lingua+del+in+%22Enciclopedia+dell%27Italiano%22&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.treccani.it&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Flingua-del-fascismo_%28Enciclopedia-dell%2527Italiano%29&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/arzente">«arżènte in Vocabolario - Treccani»</a>. <i>www.treccani.it</i> (em italiano)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de julho de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AItalianiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o&amp;rft.atitle=ar%C5%BC%C3%A8nte+in+Vocabolario+-+Treccani&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.treccani.it&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fvocabolario%2Farzente&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paolo Parovel (1985) <i>L'identità cancellata. L'italianizzazione forzata dei cognomi, nomi e toponimi nella "Venezia Giulia" dal 1919 al 1945, con gli elenchi delle province di Trieste, Gorizia, Istria ed i dati dei primi 5 300 decreti</i>, Trieste, Eugenio Parovel Editore</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Raoul Pupo (2005) <i>Il lungo esodo - Istria: le persecuzioni, le foibe, l'esilio.</i> Milano, Rizzoli. p. 2</span> </li> </ol></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85d7894b9c‐8xh8m Cached time: 20241127044943 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.072 seconds Real time usage: 0.383 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 151/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3355/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 225/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 4/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4075/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.023/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1459000/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 65.914 1 -total 71.94% 47.421 2 Predefinição:Citar_web 23.41% 15.428 1 Predefinição:Quote --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key ptwiki:pcache:6624416:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241127044943 and revision id 69073043. 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