CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml"><head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# scribd-com: http://ogp.me/ns/apps/scribd-com#"><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.scribd.com/gift","20210531181613","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1622484973"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <link rel="preconnect" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/"><link rel="preload" crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/source_sans_pro/regular/source_sans_pro_regular.latin.e8ecbdac.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"><link rel="preload" crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/source_sans_pro/italic/source_sans_pro_italic.latin.5aa4224a.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"><link rel="preload" crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/source_sans_pro/semibold/source_sans_pro_600.latin.76017e81.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"><link rel="preload" crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/source_sans_pro/semibold_italic/source_sans_pro_600italic.latin.161fe9a4.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"><link rel="preload" crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/source_serif_pro/semibold/source_serif_pro_semibold.latin.939431e8.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"><link rel="preload" crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/icons/icons.d2ecf18b.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"><script>window.Scribd = window.Scribd || {}; window.Scribd.config = {"js_logging_enabled":false,"raise_js_callback_errors":false,"session_domain":".scribd.com","csrf_token_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/csrf_token","facebook":{"app_id":136494494209,"permissions":"email,public_profile","namespace":"scribd-com","link_url":"/facebook_link"}}; window.Scribd.webpack_public_path = "https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/"; window.Scribd.AssetPath = "https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/";</script><script defer type="text/javascript"> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.defer=true;j.src='https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KXQQWDG'); </script> <script> var c_matches = navigator.userAgent.match(/Chrome\/(\d+)/) var ff_matches = navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox\/(\d+)/) var polyfill = /Trident|MSIE/.test(navigator.userAgent) || (c_matches && c_matches[1] < 51) || (ff_matches && ff_matches[1] < 54) if (polyfill) { var polyfill_script = document.createElement("script"); polyfill_script.src = "https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/polyfill.9877a1a9a512e6f7a96d.js"; document.write(polyfill_script.outerHTML); } </script> <title>Scribd</title><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token"/> <meta name="csrf-token" content="GgH734y6jg8DR7+gDyBBens2ztEXpJyUJHBYm225eHVhTg24A6ZJ22jLg47RAIwegC9kgFekeqE8+7pAEkBNHA=="/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Scribd"><meta property="og:title" content="Scribd"><meta property="fb:app_id" content="136494494209"><meta name="yandex-verification" content="0ed66f497fbf9765"><meta name="naver-site-verification" content="8a1986b0a4079515076ba34125d27de19b41887c"><meta name="google-site-verification" content="GynhMUSITpW_pWiKif7wsGGlMOFA2TYQKkvOAqu-qiM"><meta name="google-signin-client_id" content="491264573595-hs5hu9ijbfl9g6khnkn2retrfr6lcua7.apps.googleusercontent.com"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1.0"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/gift"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/gift"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://es.scribd.com/gift"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://pt.scribd.com/gift"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://fr.scribd.com/gift"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="id" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://id.scribd.com/gift"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://de.scribd.com/gift"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://it.scribd.com/gift"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://ru.scribd.com/gift"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ro" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://ro.scribd.com/gift"><link rel="icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613im_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/favicon.ico?2204ebcd7?v=4" type="image/x-icon"><link rel="search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/opensearch.xml" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search Scribd"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613cs_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/2.b9cd0845db84dceaab4f.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613cs_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/3.4e704ee127659e007866.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613cs_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/4.920ef2ebb6c5431f3508.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613cs_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/5.19772b826836b32f9dac.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613cs_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/7.7125a35554246209b4fe.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613cs_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/11.831d1bbe7ce6b0b551a0.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613cs_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/19.edd7b57e62c378cb67e6.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613cs_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/33.a23991d7dd6f6be3b100.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613cs_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/28.727b1e65685fbfd8440b.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613cs_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/giftcards.005d1fd1c0060bb4737e.css"><script type="text/javascript">window.require = function(x){}; window.Scribd = window.Scribd || {}; window.Scribd.translations = window.Scribd.translations || []; Scribd.rails_env = "production_r4"; Scribd.current_ca = "current_ca:8nXM3GDSPzMXtqizTY11SA==-IXYxc4/0yEApx5Q97WtZ2mLHV8Q="; Scribd.is_mobile = false; Scribd.is_bot = true; Scribd.root_url = "https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/"; Scribd.asset_host = "https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com"; Scribd.data = {};Scribd.e2e_enabled = false; Scribd.data.accountCreation = {"ariaLabel":"Download by signing up or logging in","facebook":{"appID":"136494494209","permissions":"email,public_profile","sessionPath":"/facebook_session"},"google":{"clientId":"491264573595-hs5hu9ijbfl9g6khnkn2retrfr6lcua7.apps.googleusercontent.com","sessionPath":"/open_id_connect/login"},"inEU":false,"paths":{"accountSettings":"/account-settings","forgotPassword":"/password/forgot","login":"/login","signUp":"/login/signup","privacy":"/privacy","terms":"/terms","subscribe":""},"reCaptchaEnabled":true,"reCaptchaSiteKey":"6LeImq4UAAAAAAvTbjthwoOw2rtOwrfjXZbDxujw","userCountry":"","trackingData":{"page":"giftcards"}}; window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { Scribd.data.deferredLocationData = new Scribd.Promise(); Scribd.data.deferredLocationData.resolve({"current_user_country":"US","current_user_country_id":128,"is_in_eu":false,"reCaptchaEnabled":true}); }); Scribd.page_name = "giftcards";</script><script> window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)};ga.l=+new Date; ga('create', "UA-443684-2" , 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); ga('set', 'dimension1', 'false'); ga('set', 'dimension3', document.location.host); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> Scribd.download_document = { register_download_attempt_path: "/document_downloads/register_download_attempt", download_dialog_path: "/read/download_dialog", request_document_for_download_path: "/document_downloads/request_document_for_download" }; </script><script type="text/javascript"> Scribd.logged_in = false; Scribd.current_user = null; Scribd.archive_login_url = "https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/archive/login"; Scribd.google_auth_web_client_id = "491264573595-hs5hu9ijbfl9g6khnkn2retrfr6lcua7.apps.googleusercontent.com"; Scribd.browser_uuid = "88c37200-a296-4b50-a369-7a382ea4e35f"; Scribd.user_data = {}; </script><script defer type="application/javascript">if (typeof window.crossOriginIsolated !== "undefined" && !crossOriginIsolated) SharedArrayBuffer = ArrayBuffer;</script></head><body class="autogen_class_views_layouts_web autogen_class_widgets_page autogen_class_widgets_base no_header locale_en_US dark_background responsive body_container" data-revision="2204ebcd7a177ba48da164af28f0d84d5ee32073" data-hj-ignore-attributes><script defer type="application/javascript">window.__initialState = JSON.parse("{\"__locale\":\"en-US\",\"__assetPath\":\"https://s-f.scribdassets.com/\",\"currentPage\":{\"isHamburgerMenuOpen\":false,\"selectedMobileBottomTab\":null,\"navigationCategories\":{\"books\":{\"totalCategoryCount\":21,\"exploreLinks\":[{\"dataName\":\"bestsellers\",\"name\":\"Bestsellers\",\"url\":\"/bestsellers/books\"},{\"dataName\":\"editors-picks\",\"name\":\"Editors\' Picks\",\"url\":\"/books/editors_picks\"},{\"dataName\":\"all-books\",\"name\":\"All books\",\"url\":\"/books\"}],\"categoryLinks\":[{\"dataName\":\"contemporary-fiction\",\"name\":\"Contemporary Fiction\",\"url\":\"/books/Contemporary-Fiction\"},{\"dataName\":\"literary-fiction\",\"name\":\"Literary Fiction\",\"url\":\"/books/Literary-Fiction\"},{\"dataName\":\"religion-spirituality\",\"name\":\"Religion \\u0026 Spirituality\",\"url\":\"/books/Religion-Spirituality\"},{\"dataName\":\"self-improvement\",\"name\":\"Self-Improvement\",\"url\":\"/books/Self-Improvement\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"personal-growth\",\"name\":\"Personal Growth\",\"url\":\"/books/Self-Improvement/Personal-Growth\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"home-garden\",\"name\":\"Home \\u0026 Garden\",\"url\":\"/books/Home-Garden\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"gardening\",\"name\":\"Gardening\",\"url\":\"/books/Home-Garden/Gardening\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"mystery-thriller-crime-fiction\",\"name\":\"Mystery, Thriller \\u0026 Crime Fiction\",\"url\":\"/books/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-Fiction\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"suspense\",\"name\":\"Suspense\",\"url\":\"/books/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-Fiction/Suspense\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"true-crime\",\"name\":\"True Crime\",\"url\":\"/books/True-Crime\"},{\"dataName\":\"science-fiction-fantasy\",\"name\":\"Science Fiction \\u0026 Fantasy\",\"url\":\"/books/Science-Fiction-Fantasy\"},{\"dataName\":\"young-adult\",\"name\":\"Young Adult\",\"url\":\"/books/Young-Adult\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"dystopian\",\"name\":\"Dystopian\",\"url\":\"/books/Young-Adult/Dystopian\"},{\"dataName\":\"paranormal-occult-supernatural\",\"name\":\"Paranormal, Occult \\u0026 Supernatural\",\"url\":\"/books/Young-Adult/Paranormal-Occult-Supernatural\"},{\"dataName\":\"romance\",\"name\":\"Romance\",\"url\":\"/books/Young-Adult/Romance\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"historical-fiction\",\"name\":\"Historical Fiction\",\"url\":\"/books/Historical-Fiction\"},{\"dataName\":\"science-mathematics\",\"name\":\"Science \\u0026 Mathematics\",\"url\":\"/books/Science-Mathematics\"},{\"dataName\":\"history\",\"name\":\"History\",\"url\":\"/books/History\"},{\"dataName\":\"study-aids-test-prep\",\"name\":\"Study Aids \\u0026 Test Prep\",\"url\":\"/books/Study-Aids-Test-Prep\"},{\"dataName\":\"business\",\"name\":\"Business\",\"url\":\"/books/Business\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"small-business-entrepreneurs\",\"name\":\"Small Business \\u0026 Entrepreneurs\",\"url\":\"/books/Business/Small-Business-Entrepreneurs\"}]}]},\"audiobooks\":{\"totalCategoryCount\":21,\"exploreLinks\":[{\"dataName\":\"bestsellers\",\"name\":\"Bestsellers\",\"url\":\"/bestsellers/audiobooks\"},{\"dataName\":\"editors-picks\",\"name\":\"Editors\' Picks\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/editors_picks\"},{\"dataName\":\"all-audiobooks\",\"name\":\"All audiobooks\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks\"}],\"categoryLinks\":[{\"dataName\":\"mystery-thriller-crime-fiction\",\"name\":\"Mystery, Thriller \\u0026 Crime Fiction\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-Fiction\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"mystery\",\"name\":\"Mystery\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-Fiction/Mystery\"},{\"dataName\":\"thrillers\",\"name\":\"Thrillers\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-Fiction/Thrillers\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"romance\",\"name\":\"Romance\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Romance\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"contemporary\",\"name\":\"Contemporary\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Romance/Contemporary\"},{\"dataName\":\"suspense\",\"name\":\"Suspense\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Romance/Suspense\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"young-adult\",\"name\":\"Young Adult\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Young-Adult\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"paranormal-occult-supernatural\",\"name\":\"Paranormal, Occult \\u0026 Supernatural\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Young-Adult/Paranormal-Occult-Supernatural\"},{\"dataName\":\"mysteries-thrillers\",\"name\":\"Mysteries \\u0026 Thrillers\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Young-Adult/Mysteries-Thrillers\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"science-fiction-fantasy\",\"name\":\"Science Fiction \\u0026 Fantasy\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Science-Fiction-Fantasy\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"science-fiction\",\"name\":\"Science Fiction\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Science-Fiction-Fantasy/Science-Fiction\"},{\"dataName\":\"dystopian\",\"name\":\"Dystopian\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Science-Fiction-Fantasy/Dystopian\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"career-growth\",\"name\":\"Career \\u0026 Growth\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Career-Growth\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"careers\",\"name\":\"Careers\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Career-Growth/Careers\"},{\"dataName\":\"leadership\",\"name\":\"Leadership\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Career-Growth/Leadership\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"biography-memoir\",\"name\":\"Biography \\u0026 Memoir\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Biography-Memoir\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"adventurers-explorers\",\"name\":\"Adventurers \\u0026 Explorers\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Biography-Memoir/Adventurers-Explorers\"},{\"dataName\":\"historical\",\"name\":\"Historical\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Biography-Memoir/Historical\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"religion-spirituality\",\"name\":\"Religion \\u0026 Spirituality\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Religion-Spirituality\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"inspirational\",\"name\":\"Inspirational\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Religion-Spirituality/Inspirational\"},{\"dataName\":\"new-age-spirituality\",\"name\":\"New Age \\u0026 Spirituality\",\"url\":\"/audiobooks/Religion-Spirituality/New-Age-Spirituality\"}]}]},\"magazines\":{\"totalCategoryCount\":21,\"exploreLinks\":[{\"dataName\":\"editors-picks\",\"name\":\"Editors\' Picks\",\"url\":\"/magazines/editors_picks\"},{\"dataName\":\"all-magazines\",\"name\":\"All magazines\",\"url\":\"/magazines\"}],\"categoryLinks\":[{\"dataName\":\"news\",\"name\":\"News\",\"url\":\"/magazines/News\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"business-news\",\"name\":\"Business News\",\"url\":\"/magazines/News/Business-News\"},{\"dataName\":\"entertainment-news\",\"name\":\"Entertainment News\",\"url\":\"/magazines/News/Entertainment-News\"},{\"dataName\":\"politics\",\"name\":\"Politics\",\"url\":\"/magazines/News/Politics\"},{\"dataName\":\"tech-news\",\"name\":\"Tech News\",\"url\":\"/magazines/News/Tech-News\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"finance-money-management\",\"name\":\"Finance \\u0026 Money Management\",\"url\":\"/magazines/Finance-Money-Management\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"personal-finance\",\"name\":\"Personal Finance\",\"url\":\"/magazines/Finance-Money-Management/Personal-Finance\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"career-growth\",\"name\":\"Career \\u0026 Growth\",\"url\":\"/magazines/Career-Growth\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"leadership\",\"name\":\"Leadership\",\"url\":\"/magazines/Career-Growth/Leadership\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"business\",\"name\":\"Business\",\"url\":\"/magazines/Business\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"strategic-planning\",\"name\":\"Strategic Planning\",\"url\":\"/magazines/Business/Strategic-Planning\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"sports-recreation\",\"name\":\"Sports \\u0026 Recreation\",\"url\":\"/magazines/Sports-Recreation\"},{\"dataName\":\"pets\",\"name\":\"Pets\",\"url\":\"/magazines/Pets\"},{\"dataName\":\"games-activities\",\"name\":\"Games \\u0026 Activities\",\"url\":\"/magazines/Games-Activities\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"video-games\",\"name\":\"Video Games\",\"url\":\"/magazines/Games-Activities/Video-Games\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"wellness\",\"name\":\"Wellness\",\"url\":\"/magazines/Wellness\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"exercise-fitness\",\"name\":\"Exercise \\u0026 Fitness\",\"url\":\"/magazines/Wellness/Exercise-Fitness\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"cooking-food-wine\",\"name\":\"Cooking, Food \\u0026 Wine\",\"url\":\"/magazines/Cooking-Food-Wine\"},{\"dataName\":\"art\",\"name\":\"Art\",\"url\":\"/magazines/Art\"},{\"dataName\":\"home-garden\",\"name\":\"Home \\u0026 Garden\",\"url\":\"/magazines/Home-Garden\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"crafts-hobbies\",\"name\":\"Crafts \\u0026 Hobbies\",\"url\":\"/magazines/Home-Garden/Crafts-Hobbies\"}]}]},\"podcasts\":{\"totalCategoryCount\":8,\"exploreLinks\":[{\"dataName\":\"all-podcasts\",\"name\":\"All podcasts\",\"url\":\"/podcasts\"}],\"categoryLinks\":[{\"dataName\":\"religion-spirituality\",\"name\":\"Religion \\u0026 Spirituality\",\"url\":\"/podcasts/Religion-Spirituality\"},{\"dataName\":\"news\",\"name\":\"News\",\"url\":\"/podcasts/News\"},{\"dataName\":\"entertainment-news\",\"name\":\"Entertainment News\",\"url\":\"/podcasts/News/Entertainment-News\"},{\"dataName\":\"mystery-thriller-crime-fiction\",\"name\":\"Mystery, Thriller \\u0026 Crime Fiction\",\"url\":\"/podcasts/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-Fiction\"},{\"dataName\":\"true-crime\",\"name\":\"True Crime\",\"url\":\"/podcasts/True-Crime\"},{\"dataName\":\"history\",\"name\":\"History\",\"url\":\"/podcasts/History\"},{\"dataName\":\"politics\",\"name\":\"Politics\",\"url\":\"/podcasts/Politics\"},{\"dataName\":\"social-science\",\"name\":\"Social Science\",\"url\":\"/podcasts/Social-Science\"}]},\"sheetmusic\":{\"totalCategoryCount\":21,\"exploreLinks\":[{\"dataName\":\"all-sheetmusic\",\"name\":\"All sheet music\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic\"}],\"categoryLinks\":[{\"dataName\":\"megamenu-sheet_music-categories-genre\",\"name\":\"Genre\",\"url\":null,\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"classical\",\"name\":\"Classical\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Classical\"},{\"dataName\":\"country\",\"name\":\"Country\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Country\"},{\"dataName\":\"folk\",\"name\":\"Folk\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Folk\"},{\"dataName\":\"jazz-blues\",\"name\":\"Jazz \\u0026 Blues\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Jazz-Blues\"},{\"dataName\":\"movies-musicals\",\"name\":\"Movies \\u0026 Musicals\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Movies-Musicals\"},{\"dataName\":\"pop-rock\",\"name\":\"Pop \\u0026 Rock\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Pop-Rock\"},{\"dataName\":\"religious-holiday\",\"name\":\"Religious \\u0026 Holiday\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Religious-Holiday\"},{\"dataName\":\"standards\",\"name\":\"Standards\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Standards\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"megamenu-sheet_music-categories-instrument\",\"name\":\"Instrument\",\"url\":null,\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"brass\",\"name\":\"Brass\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Brass\"},{\"dataName\":\"drums-percussion\",\"name\":\"Drums \\u0026 Percussion\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Drums-Percussion\"},{\"dataName\":\"guitar-bass-and-fretted\",\"name\":\"Guitar, Bass, and Fretted\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Guitar-Bass-and-Fretted\"},{\"dataName\":\"piano\",\"name\":\"Piano\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Piano\"},{\"dataName\":\"strings\",\"name\":\"Strings\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Strings\"},{\"dataName\":\"vocal\",\"name\":\"Vocal\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Vocal\"},{\"dataName\":\"woodwinds\",\"name\":\"Woodwinds\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Woodwinds\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"megamenu-sheet_music-categories-difficulty\",\"name\":\"Difficulty\",\"url\":null,\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"beginner-level\",\"name\":\"Beginner\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Beginner-Level\"},{\"dataName\":\"intermediate-level\",\"name\":\"Intermediate\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Intermediate-Level\"},{\"dataName\":\"advanced-level\",\"name\":\"Advanced\",\"url\":\"/sheetmusic/Advanced-Level\"}]}]},\"docs\":{\"totalCategoryCount\":20,\"exploreLinks\":[{\"dataName\":\"business-templates\",\"name\":\"Business Templates\",\"url\":\"https://www.scribd.com/lists/21567494/Business-Templates\"},{\"dataName\":\"court-filings\",\"name\":\"Court Filings\",\"url\":\"https://www.scribd.com/lists/21567495/Court-Filings\"},{\"dataName\":\"academic-papers\",\"name\":\"Academic Papers\",\"url\":\"https://www.scribd.com/lists/21567493/Academic-Papers\"},{\"dataName\":\"all-documents\",\"name\":\"All documents\",\"url\":\"/docs\"}],\"categoryLinks\":[{\"dataName\":\"sports-recreation\",\"name\":\"Sports \\u0026 Recreation\",\"url\":\"/docs/Sports-Recreation\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"bodybuilding-weight-training\",\"name\":\"Bodybuilding \\u0026 Weight Training\",\"url\":\"/docs/Sports-Recreation/Bodybuilding-Weight-Training\"},{\"dataName\":\"boxing\",\"name\":\"Boxing\",\"url\":\"/docs/Sports-Recreation/Boxing\"},{\"dataName\":\"martial-arts\",\"name\":\"Martial Arts\",\"url\":\"/docs/Sports-Recreation/Martial-Arts\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"religion-spirituality\",\"name\":\"Religion \\u0026 Spirituality\",\"url\":\"/docs/Religion-Spirituality\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"christianity\",\"name\":\"Christianity\",\"url\":\"/docs/Religion-Spirituality/Christianity\"},{\"dataName\":\"judaism\",\"name\":\"Judaism\",\"url\":\"/docs/Religion-Spirituality/Judaism\"},{\"dataName\":\"new-age-spirituality\",\"name\":\"New Age \\u0026 Spirituality\",\"url\":\"/docs/Religion-Spirituality/New-Age-Spirituality\"},{\"dataName\":\"buddhism\",\"name\":\"Buddhism\",\"url\":\"/docs/Religion-Spirituality/Buddhism\"},{\"dataName\":\"islam\",\"name\":\"Islam\",\"url\":\"/docs/Religion-Spirituality/Islam\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"art\",\"name\":\"Art\",\"url\":\"/docs/Art\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"music\",\"name\":\"Music\",\"url\":\"/docs/Art/Music\"},{\"dataName\":\"performing-arts\",\"name\":\"Performing Arts\",\"url\":\"/docs/Art/Performing-Arts\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"wellness\",\"name\":\"Wellness\",\"url\":\"/docs/Wellness\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"body-mind-spirit\",\"name\":\"Body, Mind, \\u0026 Spirit\",\"url\":\"/docs/Wellness/Body-Mind-Spirit\"},{\"dataName\":\"weight-loss\",\"name\":\"Weight Loss\",\"url\":\"/docs/Wellness/Weight-Loss\"}]},{\"dataName\":\"self-improvement\",\"name\":\"Self-Improvement\",\"url\":\"/docs/Self-Improvement\"},{\"dataName\":\"technology-engineering\",\"name\":\"Technology \\u0026 Engineering\",\"url\":\"/docs/Technology-Engineering\"},{\"dataName\":\"politics\",\"name\":\"Politics\",\"url\":\"/docs/Politics\",\"children\":[{\"dataName\":\"political-science\",\"name\":\"Political Science\",\"url\":\"/docs/Politics/Political-Science\"}]}]}},\"searchQuery\":\"\",\"breadcrumbs\":[]},\"personalization\":{\"trialDuration\":30},\"i18n\":{\"currentLanguage\":{\"prefix\":\"en\",\"lcid\":\"en\",\"href\":\"/language?id=en\",\"lang\":\"en_US\",\"name\":\"English\"},\"languages\":[{\"prefix\":\"en\",\"lcid\":\"en\",\"href\":\"/language?id=en\",\"lang\":\"en_US\",\"name\":\"English\"},{\"prefix\":\"es\",\"lcid\":\"es\",\"href\":\"/language?id=es\",\"lang\":\"es-419\",\"name\":\"español\"},{\"prefix\":\"pt\",\"lcid\":\"pt-br\",\"href\":\"/language?id=pt-br\",\"lang\":\"pt_BR\",\"name\":\"português\"},{\"prefix\":\"de\",\"lcid\":\"de\",\"href\":\"/language?id=de\",\"lang\":\"de\",\"name\":\"Deutsch\"},{\"prefix\":\"fr\",\"lcid\":\"fr\",\"href\":\"/language?id=fr\",\"lang\":\"fr\",\"name\":\"français\"},{\"prefix\":\"ru\",\"lcid\":\"ru\",\"href\":\"/language?id=ru\",\"lang\":\"ru_RU\",\"name\":\"Русский\"},{\"prefix\":\"it\",\"lcid\":\"it\",\"href\":\"/language?id=it\",\"lang\":\"it\",\"name\":\"italiano\"},{\"prefix\":\"ro\",\"lcid\":\"ro\",\"href\":\"/language?id=ro\",\"lang\":\"ro_RO\",\"name\":\"român\"},{\"prefix\":\"id\",\"lcid\":\"id\",\"href\":\"/language?id=id\",\"lang\":\"id_ID\",\"name\":\"Bahasa Indonesia\"}],\"locale\":\"en-US\",\"recommenderTest\":true},\"static\":{\"routes\":{\"accountSettingsPath\":\"/account-settings\",\"androidStoreUrl\":\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.scribd.app.reader0\\u0026hl=en\",\"audiobooksAllCategoriesPath\":\"/audiobooks/categories\",\"audiobooksPath\":\"/audiobooks\",\"booksAllCategoriesPath\":\"/books/categories\",\"booksPath\":\"/books\",\"closePromoUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/home/close_promo\",\"documentsAllCategoriesPath\":\"/docs/categories\",\"documentsPath\":\"/docs\",\"forgotPasswordPath\":\"/password/forgot\",\"iosStoreUrl\":\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/scribd-worlds-largest-online/id542557212?mt=8\\u0026uo=4\\u0026at=11lGEE\",\"languageModalPropsPath\":\"/language_modal_props\",\"loginPath\":\"/login\",\"logoutPath\":\"/logout\",\"magazinesAllCategoriesPath\":\"/magazines/categories\",\"magazinesPath\":\"/magazines\",\"myUploadsPath\":\"/uploads\",\"podcastsPath\":\"/podcasts\",\"podcastsAllCategories\":\"https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/categories\",\"privacyPath\":\"/privacy\",\"profilePath\":\"\",\"rate\":\"https://www.scribd.com/ratings\",\"referralsUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/referrals\",\"rootPath\":\"/\",\"rootUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/\",\"savedPath\":\"/saved\",\"scribdPerksPath\":\"/perks\",\"searchPath\":\"/search\",\"sendAppDownloadUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/send_download_link\",\"signUpPath\":\"/login/signup\",\"sheetMusicPath\":\"/sheetmusic\",\"snapshotsUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/snapshots\",\"statsPath\":\"/stats\",\"subscribeNowLandingPath\":\"/subscribe-now\",\"subscribeUrl\":\"/archive/pmp_checkout?metadata=%7B%22context%22%3A%22pmp%22%2C%22action%22%3A%22start_trial%22%2C%22logged_in%22%3Afalse%2C%22platform%22%3A%22web%22%7D\",\"supportPath\":\"http://support.scribd.com/login\",\"termsPath\":\"/terms\",\"unpauseAccountUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/account/unpause?from=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fgift\",\"uploadPath\":\"/upload-document\",\"whatIsScribdLandingPath\":\"/what-is-scribd\",\"aboutUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/about\",\"accessibilityUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/accessibility-policy\",\"adChoicesUrl\":\"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210129366\",\"blogUrl\":\"https://blog.scribd.com/\",\"careersUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/careers\",\"contactUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/contact\",\"copyrightUrl\":\"https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/202246086\",\"directoryUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/directory\",\"documentProps\":{},\"facebookUrl\":\"https://www.facebook.com/pages/Scribd/6978454082\",\"faqUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/faq\",\"getAppModalProps\":{\"android_store_url\":\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.scribd.app.reader0\\u0026hl=en\",\"ios_store_url\":\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/scribd-worlds-largest-online/id542557212?mt=8\\u0026uo=4\\u0026at=11lGEE\",\"app_download_link\":\"https://www.scribd.com/send_download_link\",\"close_promo_url\":\"https://www.scribd.com/home/close_promo\",\"doc_id\":null,\"email_address\":null,\"extra_classes\":\" app_download_promo\",\"promo_id\":null,\"twilio_enabled\":true,\"track_page\":null,\"success\":true,\"showKindle\":false,\"__locale\":\"en_US\"},\"giftUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/giftcards\",\"instagramUrl\":\"https://www.instagram.com/scribd/\",\"pinterestUrl\":\"https://www.pinterest.com/scribd/\",\"pressUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/media\",\"privacyUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/privacy\",\"publishersUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/publishers\",\"purchaseHelpUrl\":\"https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/202246306\",\"scribdForEnterpriseUrl\":\"https://www.scribd.com/enterprise\",\"termsUrl\":\"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210129326-General-Terms-of-Use\",\"twitterUrl\":\"https://www.twitter.com/scribd/\"}},\"user\":{\"browserUuid\":\"88c37200-a296-4b50-a369-7a382ea4e35f\",\"canExtendSubscription\":null,\"canResumeMembership\":null,\"country\":null,\"hasPublishedDocuments\":false,\"hasDunningLock\":false,\"id\":null,\"initials\":\"\",\"isAborted\":null,\"isAdmin\":null,\"isBot\":true,\"isDunning\":false,\"isEligibleForFreeTrial\":true,\"isLoggedIn\":false,\"isPaused\":false,\"isSubscriber\":false,\"isTrialing\":false,\"name\":null,\"personaIconRetinaUrl\":null,\"personaIconUrl\":null,\"showScribdPerksNotification\":false,\"usingPromoCode\":false}}");</script><noscript><iframe src="//web.archive.org/web/20210531181613if_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KXQQWDG" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><div id="flash_container" class="flash_container"></div><div class="megamenu"><div class="auto__giftcards_index autogen_class_widgets_base hide_fancy_header" id="autogen_id_437743406" data-track_category="giftcards_v2"><header class="auto__shared_fancy_header_header autogen_class_widgets_base fancy_header white theme_" id="fancy_header"><div id="global_header" class="landing_header_inner"><a class="icon menu_toggle_btn" href="#nav_menu" aria-expanded="false"><span class="icon-ic_menuclosed closed" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Open navigation menu</span></a><h1 class="logo_heading"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/" data-track="logo"><img class="logo_image" role="img" alt="Scribd" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613im_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/images/landing/home2_landing/scribd_logo_horiz_small.svg?2204ebcd7" data-alt_src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/images/landing/home2_landing/scribd_logo_horiz_small_white.svg?2204ebcd7"></a></h1><div class="right_nav"><a class="header_login_btn outline_btn flat_btn" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/login" data-subscribe_url="/archive/pmp_checkout?metadata=%7B%22context%22%3A%22pmp%22%2C%22page%22%3A%22home2%22%2C%22action%22%3A%22start_trial%22%2C%22logged_in%22%3Afalse%2C%22platform%22%3A%22web%22%7D" data-next_url="https://www.scribd.com/"><span class="scribd_spinner permanent_rotation" data-size="30"></span><span class="flat_btn_content">Sign in</span></a></div></div></header><div class="autogen_class_views_shared_fancy_header_nav_menu autogen_class_widgets_base nav_shroud auto__shared_fancy_header_nav_menu" id="autogen_id_437740301" data-track_category="nav_menu"><div class="nav_shroud"><nav class="nav_menu" id="nav_menu" aria-label="Navigation Menu"><a class="menu_toggle_btn menu_close_btn" href="#menu_toggle_btn"><span class="icon-ic_close" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Close Navigation Menu</span></a><img class="logo_image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613im_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/images/landing/home2_landing/scribd_logo_horiz_small.svg?2204ebcd7" alt="Scribd" role="img"><div class="nav_search" role="search"><form action="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/search" data-location="landing:giftcards:index"><div class="search_outer"><input class="search_input" placeholder="Search" name="query" autocomplete="off" autocapitalize="off" aria-label="Search"><span class="icon icon-ic_search"></span></div></form></div><div class="menu_items"><ul class="upper_links"><li class="upper"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/explore" data-track="browse">Explore</a></li><li class="upper"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/upload-document" data-track="upload">Upload</a></li><li class="upper"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/faq" data-track="faq">FAQ</a></li></ul><section class="link_group cols"><h2>Browse by</h2><ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/books" data-track="by_books">Books</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks" data-track="by_audiobooks">Audiobooks</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/magazines" data-track="by_articles">Magazines</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/podcasts" data-track="by_podcasts">Podcasts</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/docs" data-track="by_documents">Documents</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic" data-track="by_sheetmusic">Sheet Music</a></li></ul></section><section class="link_group"><h2>Interests</h2><ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/explore/Career-Growth" data-track="category:56263">Career & Growth</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/explore/Business" data-track="category:56264">Business</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/explore/Finance-Money-Management" data-track="category:56265">Finance & Money Management</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/explore/Politics" data-track="category:56266">Politics</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/explore/Sports-Recreation" data-track="category:56267">Sports & Recreation</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/explore/Games-Activities" data-track="category:56268">Games & Activities</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/explore/Comics-Graphic-Novels" data-track="category:56269">Comics & Graphic Novels</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/explore/Social-Science" data-track="category:56270">Social Science</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/explore/True-Crime" data-track="category:56271">True Crime</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/explore/Travel" data-track="category:56272">Travel</a></li></ul></section></div><div class="mobile_buttons"><h2 class="visually_hidden">Mobile Apps and Social Media</h2><p>Download our app to read books on any device</p><span class="react_mount_node" id="autogen_id_437741191"><div class="autogen_class_views_shared_native_apps_buttons autogen_class_widgets_jsx autogen_class_widgets_react autogen_class_widgets_base"><ul class="wrapper__app_store_buttons mobile_icons"><li class="wrapper__store_button"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/scribd-worlds-largest-online/id542557212?mt=8&uo=4&at=11lGEE" class="app_link"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613im_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/images/buttons/badge_appstore_english.svg?2204ebcd7" alt="Scribd - Download on the App Store" class="app_store_img"></a></li><li class="wrapper__store_button"><a class="app_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.scribd.app.reader0&hl=en"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613im_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/images/buttons/badge_playstore_english.svg?2204ebcd7" alt="Scribd - Get it on Google Play" class="app_store_img play_store_link"></a></li></ul></div></span></div><div class="social_buttons"><ul><li><a class="icon" rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/http://twitter.com/scribd" data-track="social_twitter"><span class="icon-ic_twitter" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Follow Scribd on Twitter</span></a></li><li><a class="icon" rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/http://www.facebook.com/pages/Scribd/6978454082" data-track="social_facebook"><span class="icon-ic_facebook" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Like Scribd on Facebook</span></a></li><li><a class="icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://literally.scribd.com/" data-track="social_scribd"><span class="icon-ic_scribd_social_logo" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Follow Scribd's profile</span></a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div class="header"><h1 class="central_title">Give the gift of Scribd</h1></div><div class="intro"><div class="page_column"><h3 class="intro_title">Scribd is the only subscription that unlocks a world of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts, sheet music, and more.</h3><div class="centered_cta"><button class="buy_gift flat_btn"><span class="scribd_spinner permanent_rotation" data-size="30"></span><span class="flat_btn_content">Give Scribd</span></button></div><div><span class="margin_right">Have a gift code?</span><a class="redeem_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/redeem">Redeem it here.</a></div><div class="mobile_promo"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613im_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/images/giftcards/devices.png?2204ebcd7"><p>Scribd is available on iOS, Android, Kindle Fire, Nook & any web browser.</p></div></div><div class="links"><a class="faq_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210134146-Scribd-Gift-Membership">FAQs</a><a class="terms_and_conditions" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210129546">Terms and Conditions</a></div></div><div class="page_column create_flow"><div class="gift_options"><div class="step"><span class="step_label">step One</span><div class="horizontal_line"></div></div><h3 class="spaced_header">What would you like to gift?</h3><div class="intra_fixed_container"><div class="boxed_option triple_column price_interaction six_months" data-value="180" data-track="price_interaction:180" data-price="$50.00"><div class="duration"><span class="number">6</span> Months</div><div class="horizontal_line"></div><span class="cross_out_price price">$54</span><span class="price">$50.00</span></div><div class="boxed_option last selected triple_column price_interaction twelve_months" data-value="360" data-track="price_interaction:360" data-price="$100.00"><div class="duration"><span class="number">12</span> Months</div><div class="horizontal_line"></div><span class="cross_out_price price">$108</span><span class="price">$100.00</span></div></div><p class="light_text price_pitch hidden">Six months of premium content for someone special.</p><p class="light_text price_pitch">A whole year of premium content for someone special.</p><div class="centered_main_cta continue_button_container"><button class="continue_giftcard_process wide flat_btn"><span class="scribd_spinner permanent_rotation" data-size="30"></span><span class="flat_btn_content">Continue</span></button></div></div><div class="form_container"><div class="step"><span class="step_label">step Two</span><div class="horizontal_line"></div></div><h3 class="spaced_header">Who is it going to?</h3><form class="intra_fixed_container"><div class="to_input input_container"><label class="label_above" for="giftee_name">To: </label><input data-validate="existence" data-validate-existence-error-message="Please enter recipient’s name" class="giftee_name" name="giftee_name" placeholder="Recipient's name" type="text"></div><div class="from_input input_container"><label class="label_above" for="gifter_name">From: </label><input data-validate="existence" data-validate-existence-error-message="Please enter your name" name="gifter_name" placeholder="Your name" class="gifter_name" type="text"></div><div class="from_input input_container"><div class="message_container"><div class="text_box_container"><label class="label_above" for="custom_message">Note: </label><textarea data-validate="existence" data-validate-existence-error-message="Please leave a note" class="custom_message" maxlength="300" name="custom_message" placeholder="Leave a personalized note for your recipient."></textarea><span class="max_character_count">0/300</span></div><div class="auto__shared_input autogen_class_widgets_base " id="autogen_id_437738729"><div class="checkbox input_container input_trigger "><span class="icon-ic_checkbox_outline icon checkbox_icon"></span><span class="icon-ic_checkbox_fill icon checkbox_icon"></span><span class="label">Leave it blank (check this if you want to leave a handwritten note)</span><input name="giftcard_empty_message" value="allow_empty" type="checkbox" class="rounded"></div></div></div></div></form></div><div class="delivery_method intra_fixed_container"><h3 class="spaced_header">How would you like to send it?</h3><div class="sending_options"><div class="boxed_option email" data-method="email"><div class="blue_header"><div class="title">Email</div><span class="subtitle">We'll send it for you</span></div><div class="email_image image"><div class="blue_layer"></div></div></div><div class="boxed_option print" data-method="print"><div class="blue_header"><div class="title">Print</div><span class="subtitle">Print, fold & deliver yourself</span></div><div class="print_image image"><div class="blue_layer"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="giftee_email_address"><div class="step"><span class="step_label">step Three</span><div class="horizontal_line"></div></div><h3 class="spaced_header">What's <span class="recipient_name">the recipient</span>'s email address?</h3><form class="recipient_email_form"><div class="input_container"><label class="label_above" for="recipient_email_address">Email: </label><input data-validate="email" data-validate-email-error-message="Please enter recipient’s email address" class="recipient_email_address" name="recipient_email_address" placeholder="sample@example.com" type="text"></div></form><h3 class="spaced_header">When would you like to send this gift?</h3><div class="send_gift_time"><div class="time_input now"><div class="icon-ic_checkmark_outline_circle check"><div class="block_layer"></div></div><div class="label"><div class="title">Now</div><div class="subtitle">Send it right away</div></div></div><div class="time_input later"><div class="icon-ic_checkmark_outline_circle check"><div class="block_layer"></div></div><div class="label"><div class="title">Later</div><div class="subtitle">Set the date. We'll handle the rest</div></div></div></div></div><div class="print_preview"><div class="step"><span class="step_label">step Three</span><div class="horizontal_line"></div></div><h3 class="spaced_header">Review your card</h3><div class="print_preview_image_container"><div class="live_print_preview"><p class="body_small">Here's your passport to a world of books.</p><p class="duration">Enjoy <span class="number">12</span> months of reading from Scribd.</p><p class="custom_message"></p><p class="gift_code">Gift Code: XXX XXX XXX</p><p>Visit scribd.com/redeem</p></div></div></div><div class="delivery_time"><h3 class="spaced_header">Select when you want your gift delivered:</h3><div class="date_container"><label class="label_above" for="datepicker">Date: </label><form class="input_container"><input type="text" class="datepicker" name="datepicker"></form></div><span class="subtitle date_picker_sub">Gifts will be sent at 12 PM in your computer's current timezone.</span></div><div class="centered_main_cta checkout_button_container"><button class="purchase wide flat_btn" disabled><span class="scribd_spinner permanent_rotation" data-size="30"></span><span class="flat_btn_content">Checkout</span></button></div></div></div></div><div id="lightbox_area" class="carousel_scroll_parent"><div id="lightbox_flash_container" class="flash_container"></div><div id="lightboxes_wrap"><div id="lightboxes"><div aria-label="Loading" class="lightbox" id="loading_lb" style="display: none;" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog" tabindex="-1"><div class="wrapper"><div class="content"><div class="scribd_spinner" data-size="30"><span class="visually_hidden" tabindex="-1">Loading</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-hypernova-key="NavigationFooterWrapper" data-hypernova-id="048df147-fc44-4828-b5dc-6109234df925"><footer class="_2DwxLE"><h2 class="visually_hidden">Footer menu</h2><div class="_3hm-Hf"><div class="_2rJ4qn"><div class="_3hfhEZ _2DwvY9 _3_wz8S _1HnxF9 _13Nd7L _2wGr9s _2U0YHD"><div class="VKZOcn visually_hidden"><a data-e2e="back-to-top-link" tabindex="0" class="_1AoUI5" href="#">Back to top</a></div></div></div><div class="_2rJ4qn"><div class="_3hfhEZ _1xbbY6 _2SiKu4 -r1frj _1jSmRY _53nA5G _2ezjCK _2kIJfL _3vZzzT jE2LY0"><div class="v7Kdl9"><h3 class="_20xN8E">About</h3><ul class="_20k9iQ"><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="About Scribd" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_about_scribd_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/about">About Scribd</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Press" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_press_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/media">Press</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Our blog" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_our_blog_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://blog.scribd.com/">Our blog</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Join our team!" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_join_our_team_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/careers">Join our team!</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Contact us" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_contact_us_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/contact">Contact us</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Invite friends" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_invite_friends_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/referrals">Invite friends</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Gifts" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_gifts_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/giftcards">Gifts</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd for enterprise" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_scribd_for_enterprise_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/enterprise">Scribd for enterprise</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="_3hfhEZ _1xbbY6 _2SiKu4 -r1frj _1jSmRY _53nA5G _2ezjCK _2kIJfL _3vZzzT jE2LY0"><h3 class="_20xN8E">Support</h3><ul class="_20k9iQ"><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Help / FAQ" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_support_column_help_faq_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/faq">Help / FAQ</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Accessibility" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_support_column_accessibility_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/accessibility-policy">Accessibility</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Purchase help" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_support_column_purchase_help_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/202246306">Purchase help</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="AdChoices" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_support_column_adchoices_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210129366">AdChoices</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Publishers" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_support_column_publishers_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/publishers">Publishers</a></li></ul></div><div class="_3hfhEZ _1xbbY6 _2SiKu4 -r1frj _1jSmRY _53nA5G _2ezjCK _2kIJfL _3vZzzT jE2LY0"><h3 class="_20xN8E">Legal</h3><ul class="_20k9iQ"><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Terms" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_legal_column_terms_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210129326-General-Terms-of-Use">Terms</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Privacy" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_legal_column_privacy_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Copyright" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_legal_column_copyright_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/202246086">Copyright</a></li></ul></div><div class="_3hfhEZ _1xbbY6 _2SiKu4 -r1frj _1jSmRY _53nA5G _2ezjCK _2kIJfL _3vZzzT jE2LY0"><h3 class="_20xN8E">Social</h3><ul class="_20k9iQ"><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd on Instagram" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _1p7WcZ" data-e2e="footer_social_column_instagram_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.instagram.com/scribd/"><span class="BXcwMH _VbDNs"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 3.081c1.602 0 1.792.006 2.425.035.584.027.902.124 1.114.207.26.096.497.249.69.448.2.194.353.43.45.691.082.212.18.53.206 1.114.029.633.035.823.035 2.425 0 1.602-.006 1.792-.035 2.425-.027.585-.124.902-.207 1.114a1.99 1.99 0 01-1.138 1.138c-.212.082-.53.18-1.114.207-.633.029-.823.035-2.425.035-1.602 0-1.792-.006-2.425-.035-.585-.027-.902-.124-1.114-.207a1.858 1.858 0 01-.69-.449c-.2-.193-.353-.43-.45-.69-.082-.212-.18-.53-.206-1.114-.029-.633-.035-.823-.035-2.425 0-1.602.006-1.792.035-2.425.027-.585.124-.902.207-1.114.096-.26.25-.497.449-.69.193-.2.43-.353.69-.45.212-.082.53-.18 1.114-.206.633-.029.823-.035 2.425-.035L8 3.081zm0-1.082c-1.629 0-1.833.007-2.473.036-.64.03-1.076.132-1.457.28-.4.15-.763.387-1.063.692-.305.3-.541.663-.692 1.063-.148.381-.25.818-.279 1.457C2.007 6.165 2 6.37 2 8s.007 1.834.036 2.474c.03.64.13 1.075.279 1.456.15.4.387.763.692 1.063.3.305.663.541 1.063.692.381.148.818.25 1.457.279.638.029.844.036 2.473.036 1.63 0 1.834-.007 2.474-.036.64-.03 1.075-.13 1.456-.28a3.068 3.068 0 001.755-1.754c.148-.381.25-.818.279-1.457C13.993 9.835 14 9.63 14 8c0-1.63-.007-1.833-.036-2.473-.03-.64-.13-1.075-.28-1.456-.15-.4-.386-.763-.691-1.063a2.946 2.946 0 00-1.063-.692c-.381-.148-.818-.25-1.457-.279C9.835 2.007 9.63 2 8 2v-.001zm0 2.92a3.081 3.081 0 100 6.162A3.081 3.081 0 008 4.92zm0 5.082A2 2 0 118 6 2 2 0 018 10zm3.923-5.204a.72.72 0 11-1.44 0 .72.72 0 011.44 0z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span class="visually_hidden">Instagram</span></span> Instagram</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd on Twitter" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _1p7WcZ" data-e2e="footer_social_column_twitter_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.twitter.com/scribd/"><span class="BXcwMH _VbDNs"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5.774 12.79c4.528 0 7.005-4.152 7.005-7.752 0-.118 0-.235-.007-.352A5.338 5.338 0 0014 3.276a4.55 4.55 0 01-1.414.428c.514-.34.899-.876 1.082-1.507a4.657 4.657 0 01-1.563.662 2.401 2.401 0 00-1.397-.823 2.26 2.26 0 00-1.561.287A2.636 2.636 0 008.065 3.6a2.995 2.995 0 00-.156 1.742 6.47 6.47 0 01-2.81-.826 7.175 7.175 0 01-2.264-2.02 2.98 2.98 0 00-.27 1.985c.142.676.511 1.266 1.032 1.652a2.267 2.267 0 01-1.117-.341v.034c0 .63.197 1.239.557 1.725.36.487.861.821 1.418.946-.362.109-.743.125-1.111.046.157.542.463 1.015.876 1.354.412.34.91.528 1.424.538-.872.758-1.95 1.17-3.058 1.169-.196 0-.391-.014-.586-.04a6.49 6.49 0 003.774 1.222" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span class="visually_hidden">Twitter</span></span> Twitter</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd on Facebook" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _1p7WcZ" data-e2e="footer_social_column_facebook_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.facebook.com/pages/Scribd/6978454082"><span class="BXcwMH _VbDNs"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 2a6 6 0 01.938 11.927V9.734h1.397L10.602 8H8.937V6.875c0-.474.233-.938.978-.938h.757V4.462s-.08-.014-.21-.032a9.524 9.524 0 00-.887-.08 6.278 6.278 0 00-.246-.005c-1.37 0-2.267.83-2.267 2.334V8H5.54v1.734h1.524v4.193A6.002 6.002 0 018 2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span class="visually_hidden">Facebook</span></span> Facebook</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd on Pinterest" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _1p7WcZ" data-e2e="footer_social_column_pinterest_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.pinterest.com/scribd/"><span class="BXcwMH _VbDNs"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.217 12.268A5.98 5.98 0 018 14c-.62 0-1.218-.094-1.78-.269.246-.4.606-1.045.738-1.563l.375-1.427c.193.375.766.691 1.373.691 1.808 0 3.111-1.664 3.111-3.733 0-1.985-1.62-3.467-3.698-3.467-2.593 0-3.966 1.738-3.966 3.63 0 .884.47 1.975 1.22 2.326.113.054.178.03.202-.08l.058-.233.11-.448a.179.179 0 00-.04-.173c-.246-.3-.444-.854-.444-1.368 0-1.323 1.003-2.602 2.711-2.602 1.477 0 2.509 1.002 2.509 2.44 0 1.62-.82 2.745-1.886 2.745-.588 0-1.033-.489-.89-1.086.062-.255.143-.517.222-.772.142-.46.277-.898.277-1.228 0-.46-.246-.845-.76-.845-.602 0-1.086.622-1.086 1.457 0 .528.177.889.177.889s-.592 2.514-.7 2.983c-.12.518-.075 1.247-.02 1.722A6.003 6.003 0 012 8a6 6 0 016.653-5.965A5.988 5.988 0 0113.99 8.01a5.981 5.981 0 01-1.773 4.258z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span class="visually_hidden">Pinterest</span></span> Pinterest</a></li></ul></div><div class="_3hfhEZ _1eTwfN _1xbbY6 _2SiKu4 -r1frj _1jSmRY _53nA5G _2ezjCK _2kIJfL _3vZzzT jE2LY0"></div><div class="_3hfhEZ _1eTwfN _1xbbY6 _2SiKu4 -r1frj _1jSmRY _53nA5G _2ezjCK _2kIJfL _3vZzzT jE2LY0"><h3 class="_20xN8E">Get our free apps</h3><ul class="mobile_icons wrapper__app_store_buttons"><li class="wrapper__store_button" data-e2e="app_store_btn"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/scribd-worlds-largest-online/id542557212?mt=8&uo=4&at=11lGEE" class="app_link ios_btn" data-e2e="ios_btn"><div class="app_store_img"><img class="_1E7i9X" alt="Scribd - Download on the App Store"/></div></a></li><li class="wrapper__store_button" data-e2e="app_store_btn"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.scribd.app.reader0&hl=en" class="app_link google_play_btn" data-e2e="google_play_btn"><div class="app_store_img play_store_link"><img class="_1E7i9X" alt="Scribd - Get it on Google Play"/></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="_2rJ4qn"><div class="_3hfhEZ _1bnueu _3_8uQu _2_ysbk _2mH2Tc _2DwvY9 _3_wz8S _1HnxF9 _2kIJfL _3vZzzT jE2LY0"><div class="_1qWxWb"><h3 class="_20xN8E">About</h3><ul class="_20k9iQ"><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="About Scribd" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_about_scribd_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/about">About Scribd</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Press" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_press_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/media">Press</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Our blog" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_our_blog_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://blog.scribd.com/">Our blog</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Join our team!" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_join_our_team_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/careers">Join our team!</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Contact us" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_contact_us_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/contact">Contact us</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Invite friends" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_invite_friends_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/referrals">Invite friends</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Gifts" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_gifts_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/giftcards">Gifts</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd for enterprise" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_scribd_for_enterprise_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/enterprise">Scribd for enterprise</a></li></ul></div><div class="_1qWxWb"><h3 class="_20xN8E">Legal</h3><ul class="_20k9iQ"><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Terms" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_legal_column_terms_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210129326-General-Terms-of-Use">Terms</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Privacy" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_legal_column_privacy_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Copyright" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_legal_column_copyright_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/202246086">Copyright</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="_3hfhEZ _1bnueu _3_8uQu _2_ysbk _2mH2Tc _2DwvY9 _3_wz8S _1HnxF9 _2kIJfL _3vZzzT jE2LY0"><div class="_1qWxWb"><h3 class="_20xN8E">Support</h3><ul class="_20k9iQ"><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Help / FAQ" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_support_column_help_faq_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/faq">Help / FAQ</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Accessibility" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_support_column_accessibility_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/accessibility-policy">Accessibility</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Purchase help" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_support_column_purchase_help_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/202246306">Purchase help</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="AdChoices" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_support_column_adchoices_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210129366">AdChoices</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Publishers" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_support_column_publishers_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/publishers">Publishers</a></li></ul></div><div><h3 class="_20xN8E">Social</h3><ul class="_20k9iQ"><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd on Instagram" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _1p7WcZ" data-e2e="footer_social_column_instagram_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.instagram.com/scribd/"><span class="BXcwMH _VbDNs"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 3.081c1.602 0 1.792.006 2.425.035.584.027.902.124 1.114.207.26.096.497.249.69.448.2.194.353.43.45.691.082.212.18.53.206 1.114.029.633.035.823.035 2.425 0 1.602-.006 1.792-.035 2.425-.027.585-.124.902-.207 1.114a1.99 1.99 0 01-1.138 1.138c-.212.082-.53.18-1.114.207-.633.029-.823.035-2.425.035-1.602 0-1.792-.006-2.425-.035-.585-.027-.902-.124-1.114-.207a1.858 1.858 0 01-.69-.449c-.2-.193-.353-.43-.45-.69-.082-.212-.18-.53-.206-1.114-.029-.633-.035-.823-.035-2.425 0-1.602.006-1.792.035-2.425.027-.585.124-.902.207-1.114.096-.26.25-.497.449-.69.193-.2.43-.353.69-.45.212-.082.53-.18 1.114-.206.633-.029.823-.035 2.425-.035L8 3.081zm0-1.082c-1.629 0-1.833.007-2.473.036-.64.03-1.076.132-1.457.28-.4.15-.763.387-1.063.692-.305.3-.541.663-.692 1.063-.148.381-.25.818-.279 1.457C2.007 6.165 2 6.37 2 8s.007 1.834.036 2.474c.03.64.13 1.075.279 1.456.15.4.387.763.692 1.063.3.305.663.541 1.063.692.381.148.818.25 1.457.279.638.029.844.036 2.473.036 1.63 0 1.834-.007 2.474-.036.64-.03 1.075-.13 1.456-.28a3.068 3.068 0 001.755-1.754c.148-.381.25-.818.279-1.457C13.993 9.835 14 9.63 14 8c0-1.63-.007-1.833-.036-2.473-.03-.64-.13-1.075-.28-1.456-.15-.4-.386-.763-.691-1.063a2.946 2.946 0 00-1.063-.692c-.381-.148-.818-.25-1.457-.279C9.835 2.007 9.63 2 8 2v-.001zm0 2.92a3.081 3.081 0 100 6.162A3.081 3.081 0 008 4.92zm0 5.082A2 2 0 118 6 2 2 0 018 10zm3.923-5.204a.72.72 0 11-1.44 0 .72.72 0 011.44 0z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span class="visually_hidden">Instagram</span></span> Instagram</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd on Twitter" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _1p7WcZ" data-e2e="footer_social_column_twitter_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.twitter.com/scribd/"><span class="BXcwMH _VbDNs"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5.774 12.79c4.528 0 7.005-4.152 7.005-7.752 0-.118 0-.235-.007-.352A5.338 5.338 0 0014 3.276a4.55 4.55 0 01-1.414.428c.514-.34.899-.876 1.082-1.507a4.657 4.657 0 01-1.563.662 2.401 2.401 0 00-1.397-.823 2.26 2.26 0 00-1.561.287A2.636 2.636 0 008.065 3.6a2.995 2.995 0 00-.156 1.742 6.47 6.47 0 01-2.81-.826 7.175 7.175 0 01-2.264-2.02 2.98 2.98 0 00-.27 1.985c.142.676.511 1.266 1.032 1.652a2.267 2.267 0 01-1.117-.341v.034c0 .63.197 1.239.557 1.725.36.487.861.821 1.418.946-.362.109-.743.125-1.111.046.157.542.463 1.015.876 1.354.412.34.91.528 1.424.538-.872.758-1.95 1.17-3.058 1.169-.196 0-.391-.014-.586-.04a6.49 6.49 0 003.774 1.222" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span class="visually_hidden">Twitter</span></span> Twitter</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd on Facebook" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _1p7WcZ" data-e2e="footer_social_column_facebook_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.facebook.com/pages/Scribd/6978454082"><span class="BXcwMH _VbDNs"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 2a6 6 0 01.938 11.927V9.734h1.397L10.602 8H8.937V6.875c0-.474.233-.938.978-.938h.757V4.462s-.08-.014-.21-.032a9.524 9.524 0 00-.887-.08 6.278 6.278 0 00-.246-.005c-1.37 0-2.267.83-2.267 2.334V8H5.54v1.734h1.524v4.193A6.002 6.002 0 018 2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span class="visually_hidden">Facebook</span></span> Facebook</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd on Pinterest" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _1p7WcZ" data-e2e="footer_social_column_pinterest_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.pinterest.com/scribd/"><span class="BXcwMH _VbDNs"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.217 12.268A5.98 5.98 0 018 14c-.62 0-1.218-.094-1.78-.269.246-.4.606-1.045.738-1.563l.375-1.427c.193.375.766.691 1.373.691 1.808 0 3.111-1.664 3.111-3.733 0-1.985-1.62-3.467-3.698-3.467-2.593 0-3.966 1.738-3.966 3.63 0 .884.47 1.975 1.22 2.326.113.054.178.03.202-.08l.058-.233.11-.448a.179.179 0 00-.04-.173c-.246-.3-.444-.854-.444-1.368 0-1.323 1.003-2.602 2.711-2.602 1.477 0 2.509 1.002 2.509 2.44 0 1.62-.82 2.745-1.886 2.745-.588 0-1.033-.489-.89-1.086.062-.255.143-.517.222-.772.142-.46.277-.898.277-1.228 0-.46-.246-.845-.76-.845-.602 0-1.086.622-1.086 1.457 0 .528.177.889.177.889s-.592 2.514-.7 2.983c-.12.518-.075 1.247-.02 1.722A6.003 6.003 0 012 8a6 6 0 016.653-5.965A5.988 5.988 0 0113.99 8.01a5.981 5.981 0 01-1.773 4.258z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span class="visually_hidden">Pinterest</span></span> Pinterest</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="_2rJ4qn"><div class="_3hfhEZ _1bnueu _3_8uQu _2_ysbk _2DwvY9 _3_wz8S _1HnxF9 _13Nd7L _2wGr9s _2U0YHD"><h3 class="_20xN8E">Get our free apps</h3><ul class="mobile_icons wrapper__app_store_buttons"><li class="wrapper__store_button" data-e2e="app_store_btn"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/scribd-worlds-largest-online/id542557212?mt=8&uo=4&at=11lGEE" class="app_link ios_btn" data-e2e="ios_btn"><div class="app_store_img"><img class="_1E7i9X" alt="Scribd - Download on the App Store"/></div></a></li><li class="wrapper__store_button" data-e2e="app_store_btn"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.scribd.app.reader0&hl=en" class="app_link google_play_btn" data-e2e="google_play_btn"><div class="app_store_img play_store_link"><img class="_1E7i9X" alt="Scribd - Get it on Google Play"/></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="_2rJ4qn"><div class="_3hfhEZ _2DwvY9 _3_wz8S _1HnxF9 _13Nd7L _2wGr9s _2U0YHD"><div class="_20ZvBH"></div></div></div><div class="_2rJ4qn"><div class="_3hfhEZ _30ZBOW _3_wz8S _1HnxF9 _13Nd7L _2wGr9s _2U0YHD"><ul class="_3mZXvJ"><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Books" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _33selL" data-e2e="footer_content_type_column_books_link" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/books">Books</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Audiobooks" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _33selL" data-e2e="footer_content_type_column_audiobooks_link" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks">Audiobooks</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Magazines" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _33selL" data-e2e="footer_content_type_column_magazines_link" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/magazines">Magazines</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Podcasts" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _33selL" data-e2e="footer_content_type_column_podcasts_link" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/podcasts">Podcasts</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Sheet Music" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _33selL" data-e2e="footer_content_type_column_sheet_music_link" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic">Sheet Music</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Documents" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _33selL" data-e2e="footer_content_type_column_documents_link" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/docs">Documents</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Snapshots" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _33selL" data-e2e="footer_content_type_column_snapshots_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/snapshots">Snapshots</a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Directory" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT _33selL" data-e2e="footer_content_type_column_directory_link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/directory">Directory</a></li></ul></div><div class="_3hfhEZ _1VqwZp _1eTwfN _1xbbY6 _2SiKu4 -r1frj _1Y8Me6 _3znc48 _1rLgs- _13Nd7L _2wGr9s _2U0YHD"><div class="_1Af5fH"><div class="_3vLpks"><div class="_2w4vWX">Language:</div><div class="wrapper__dse_dropdown_menu ds2" data-e2e="footer_language_picker_link"><a aria-disabled="false" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT menu_handle" href="#"><div>English <span class="BXcwMH"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M8.24 11.66L4 7.41 5.41 6l2.83 2.83L11.07 6l1.42 1.41-4.25 4.25z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div></a><div class="wrapper__dse__dropdown_menu_items top"><span class="breakpoint_hide s atAndAbove"><button aria-disabled="false" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT close_button" data-e2e="close-button" type="button"><span class="BXcwMH"><svg width="18" height="18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.414 9l7.293-7.293L16.293.293 9 7.586 1.707.293.293 1.707 7.586 9 .293 16.293l1.414 1.414L9 10.414l7.293 7.293 1.414-1.414L10.414 9z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span class="visually_hidden">close menu</span></span></button></span><div><ul class="_18AOIm" role="menu"><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj- _3jgtRM" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=en" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg qD0ldw"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M14 8A6 6 0 112 8a6 6 0 0112 0zm2 0A8 8 0 110 8a8 8 0 0116 0zm-8 4a4 4 0 100-8 4 4 0 000 8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="en">English</span><span class="visually_hidden">(selected)</span></a></li><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=es" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="es">español</span></a></li><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=pt-br" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="pt-br">português</span></a></li><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=de" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=fr" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="fr">français</span></a></li><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=ru" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="ru">Русский</span></a></li><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=it" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="it">italiano</span></a></li><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=ro" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="ro">român</span></a></li><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=id" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li></ul><a href="#" class="_1nXNWj" data-e2e="learn_more_link">Learn more</a></div></div></div></div><div class="EMdAMJ" data-e2e="footer_copyright_text"><span>Copyright © 2021 Scribd Inc.</span></div></div></div></div><div class="_2rJ4qn"><div class="_3hfhEZ _1bnueu _3_8uQu _2DwvY9 _3_wz8S _1HnxF9 _13Nd7L _2wGr9s _2U0YHD"><div class="_3vLpks _3T4rnI _2EiE5C"><div class="_2w4vWX">Language:</div><div class="wrapper__dse_dropdown_menu ds2" data-e2e="footer_language_picker_link"><a aria-disabled="false" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT menu_handle" href="#"><div>English <span class="BXcwMH"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M8.24 11.66L4 7.41 5.41 6l2.83 2.83L11.07 6l1.42 1.41-4.25 4.25z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div></a><div class="wrapper__dse__dropdown_menu_items top"><span class="breakpoint_hide s atAndAbove"><button aria-disabled="false" class="_3dOFJu _3cImFT close_button" data-e2e="close-button" type="button"><span class="BXcwMH"><svg width="18" height="18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.414 9l7.293-7.293L16.293.293 9 7.586 1.707.293.293 1.707 7.586 9 .293 16.293l1.414 1.414L9 10.414l7.293 7.293 1.414-1.414L10.414 9z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span class="visually_hidden">close menu</span></span></button></span><div><ul class="_18AOIm" role="menu"><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj- _3jgtRM" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=en" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg qD0ldw"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M14 8A6 6 0 112 8a6 6 0 0112 0zm2 0A8 8 0 110 8a8 8 0 0116 0zm-8 4a4 4 0 100-8 4 4 0 000 8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="en">English</span><span class="visually_hidden">(selected)</span></a></li><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=es" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="es">español</span></a></li><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=pt-br" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="pt-br">português</span></a></li><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=de" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=fr" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="fr">français</span></a></li><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=ru" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="ru">Русский</span></a></li><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=it" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="it">italiano</span></a></li><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=ro" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="ro">român</span></a></li><li class="language_item" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/language?id=id" role="menuitem"><span class="BXcwMH cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li></ul><a href="#" class="_1nXNWj" data-e2e="learn_more_link">Learn more</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="_2rJ4qn"><div class="_3hfhEZ _1bnueu _3_8uQu _2DwvY9 _3_wz8S _1HnxF9 _13Nd7L _2wGr9s _2U0YHD"><div class="EMdAMJ" data-e2e="footer_copyright_text"><span>Copyright © 2021 Scribd Inc.</span></div></div></div></div></footer></div> <script type="application/json" data-hypernova-key="NavigationFooterWrapper" data-hypernova-id="048df147-fc44-4828-b5dc-6109234df925"></script><script type="text/javascript"> if (!window.Scribd) Scribd = {}; Scribd.NwayTestsWithWeights = {"logged_out_homepage_feed":{"id":1900,"choices":{"4680":{"name":"control","weight":1},"4681":{"name":"test","weight":1}}},"desktop-doc-page-redesign-2021-q1-v2":{"id":1960,"choices":{"4799":{"name":"A","weight":1},"4800":{"name":"B","weight":1},"4801":{"name":"C","weight":1}}},"explain_scribd_iteration_2019_q3":{"id":1530,"choices":{"3770":{"name":"control","weight":1},"3771":{"name":"advertisement","weight":0},"3772":{"name":"did_you_know_variant_1","weight":0},"3773":{"name":"did_you_know_variant_2","weight":0}}},"recommendation_links_new_tab_2020_q4":{"id":1927,"choices":{"4735":{"name":"control","weight":1},"4736":{"name":"test","weight":99}}},"personalized_archive_offer":{"id":1615,"choices":{"3993":{"name":"control","weight":0},"3994":{"name":"personalized","weight":93},"3995":{"name":"subscribe_only","weight":1},"3996":{"name":"subscribe_or_upload_1","weight":1},"3997":{"name":"subscribe_or_upload_3","weight":1},"3998":{"name":"subscribe_or_upload_5","weight":1},"3999":{"name":"upload_1_or_subscribe","weight":1},"4000":{"name":"upload_3_or_subscribe","weight":1},"4001":{"name":"upload_5_or_subscribe","weight":1}}},"mobile_doc_page_redesign_2020_q3_v2":{"id":1950,"choices":{"4782":{"name":"control","weight":1},"4783":{"name":"recommender","weight":99}}},"doc_page_exit_modal_2020_q2":{"id":1805,"choices":{"4466":{"name":"control","weight":99},"4467":{"name":"search","weight":1},"4468":{"name":"categories","weight":1},"4469":{"name":"cta","weight":1}}}}; Scribd.Sentry = {"disabled":false,"dsn":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://21588782029b459685064c03453673ff@sentry.io/282187","environment":"production_r4","page":"giftcards_index","release":"2204ebcd7a177ba48da164af28f0d84d5ee32073","queue":{"errors":[],"messages":[]}}; Scribd.ServerOptions = {"ad_refresh_engagement_tracking_delay":1200,"ad_refresh_idle_time_before_inactive":60,"ad_refresh_interval":60,"disable_trending":false,"facebook_autologin_enabled":false,"largest_contentful_paint":100,"library_dropdown_test_choices":["control","test"],"library_dropdown_test_enabled":false,"payments_store_disabled":false,"rapid_testing_salt":"eowyn","rapid_testing_traffic_configuration":"{\"bucket_0\":\"control\", \"bucket_1\":\"control\", \"bucket_2\":\"control\", \"bucket_3\":\"control\", \"bucket_4\":\"control\", \"bucket_5\":\"control\", \"bucket_6\":\"control\", \"bucket_7\":\"control\"}","reading_history_scroll_timeout":500,"reading_progress_enabled":true,"reading_progress_throttle_get_milliseconds":60000,"reading_progress_throttle_post_milliseconds":10000,"seo_roadblock_choices":["question_promo","promo","banner"],"seo_roadblock_enabled":true,"seo_roadblock_rollout":1.0,"shadow_autocomplete_enabled":false,"sidebar_promo_enabled":false,"web_vitals_sampling_rate":50}; </script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/javascripts/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?2204ebcd7"></script><script> //<![CDATA[ window._translations = JSON.parse("{\"en-US\":{\"translation\":{\"account_settings\":{\"bundles\":{\"bundles_config\":{\"1m_ratings\":\"1M+ ratings\",\"4k_ratings\":\"4K+ ratings\",\"578_ratings\":\"578 ratings\",\"5k_ratings\":\"5K+ ratings\",\"5m_ratings\":\"5M+ ratings\",\"6k_ratings\":\"6K+ ratings\",\"contv_comics_cartoons_movies\":\"CONtv + Comics: Cartoons, Movies \\u0026 More\",\"curiositystream_mind-expanding_documentaries\":\"CuriosityStream: Mind-Expanding Documentaries\",\"farfaria_read_aloud_story_books_for\":\"FarFaria: Read Aloud Story Books for Kids\",\"headspace_meditation_sleep\":\"Headspace: Meditation \\u0026 Sleep\",\"learn_to_relax_in_just_a\":\"Learn to relax in just a few minutes a day with guided meditations and mindfulness techniques.\",\"mubi_curated_cinema\":\"MUBI: Curated Cinema\",\"pandora_streaming_music_podcasts\":\"Pandora: Streaming Music \\u0026 Podcasts\",\"peak_brain_games_training\":\"Peak: Brain Games \\u0026 Training\",\"tune_in_nfl_radio_music_sports\":\"Tune In: NFL Radio, Music, Sports \\u0026 Podcasts\"}},\"show\":{\"restart_membership\":\"Restart membership\"}},\"archive_flow\":{\"document_bar\":{\"your_document\":\"Your document\"},\"header\":{\"progress_step_counter\":{\"step_this_get_step_string\":\"Step {{this_get_step_string}}\"}},\"nytupsell\":{\"button\":{\"hang_on_we_re_upgrading_your_plan\":\"Hang on, we’re upgrading your plan\",\"upgrade_to_the_times_scribd\":\"Upgrade to {{the_times}} + Scribd\"},\"confirm_modal\":{\"b_this_props_free_trial_days_days_free_b_then_b_this_props_price_formatted_b_month\":\"\\u003cb\\u003e{{this_props_free_trial_days}} days free\\u003c/b\\u003e, then \\u003cb\\u003e{{this_props_price_formatted}}\\u003c/b\\u003e/month\",\"cancel\":\"Cancel\",\"confirm\":\"Confirm\",\"due_today\":\"Due Today:\",\"switch_plan\":\"Switch plan?\",\"this_props_price_formatted_month\":\"{{this_props_price_formatted}}/month\"},\"interstitial\":{\"access_to_the_times_digital_archive\":\"Access to The Times Digital Archive spanning more than 160 years\",\"available_only_to_new_subscribers_of\":\"Available only to new subscribers of The New York Times.\",\"b_this_props_upsell_price_b_month\":\"\\u003cb\\u003e{{this_props_upsell_price}}\\u003c/b\\u003e/month\",\"cancel_anytime\":\"Cancel anytime.\",\"exclusive_subscriber-only_features_newsletters_and_more\":\"Exclusive subscriber-only features, newsletters, and more\",\"included_in_your_subscription_to_the\":\"Included in your subscription to The New York Times:\",\"no_thanks_continue_to_scribd\":\"No Thanks, Continue to Scribd\",\"one_time_offer\":\"One Time Offer!\",\"save_over_40_two_subscriptions_one\":\"Save over 40%. Two Subscriptions. One Price.\",\"sorry_we_couldn_t_add_the_new\":\"Sorry, we couldn\'t add The New York Times to your Scribd Membership. Please contact customer support.\",\"thank_you_for_joining_scribd\":\"Thank you for joining Scribd!\",\"unlimited_articles_via_nytimes_com_and_the\":\"Unlimited articles via NYTimes.com and the NYT app\"}}},\"bestsellers\":{\"promo\":{\"enjoy_bestselling_titles_when_subscribed\":\"Enjoy bestselling titles when you subscribe\",\"get_unlimited_access_for_price\":\"Get unlimited* access to books, audiobooks, and documents for only {{price}}/month.\"}},\"book_preview\":{\"modules\":{\"rich_header\":{\"podcast\":\"Podcast\"}},\"show\":{\"about\":\"About\"}},\"browse\":{\"promo\":{\"cancel_anytime\":\"Cancel anytime.\",\"more_information_faq_html\":\"*For more information, visit \\u003ca href={{link}} class=\\\"faq_link\\\"\\u003eour FAQ\\u003c/a\\u003e.\",\"scribd_also_available_on_mobile_devices\":\"Scribd is also available for your mobile devices.\"}},\"bundles_page\":{\"card\":{\"peak_description\":\"Flex your cognitive muscles with the most popular brain training games.\"}},\"checkout_flow\":{\"billing\":{\"limited_time_price\":\"{{specialPrice}} for {{time}}, then {{eligiblePlanPrice}}/month after\",\"limited_time_price_plus_tax\":\"{{specialPrice}} (plus tax) for {{time}}, then {{eligiblePlanPrice}}/month (plus tax) after\",\"price_per_month\":\"{{price}}/month\"},\"stored_card\":{\"current_card_on_file\":\"Current card on file\",\"use_another_payment_method\":\"Use another payment method\"}},\"chrome\":{\"flash\":{\"close_notification\":\"Close notification\",\"error\":\"Error\",\"information\":\"information\",\"notice\":\"Notice\",\"success\":\"Success\"}},\"content_types\":{\"audiobooks\":\"Audiobooks\",\"books\":\"Books\",\"documents\":\"Documents\",\"magazines\":\"Magazines\",\"podcasts\":\"Podcasts\",\"sheet_music\":\"Sheet Music\",\"snapshots\":\"Snapshots\"},\"doc_page\":{\"ratings\":{\"no_ratings\":\"0 ratings\"}},\"get_app_modal\":{\"link_sent_email\":\"Link sent! Please check your email.\"},\"giftcards\":{\"index\":{\"gift_card_has_already_been_used\":\"Gift card has already been used.\",\"invalid_email_format\":\"Invalid email format\",\"invalid_redeem_code_please_re-enter\":\"Invalid redeem code, please re-enter.\",\"sign_up_to_give_the_gift\":\"Sign up to give the gift of Scribd\",\"the_redeem_code_is_invalid_or\":\"The redeem code is invalid or already redeemed.\",\"unfortunately_we_can_t_apply_this_gift\":\"Unfortunately we can\'t apply this gift card to your existing membership automatically. Please contact our \\u003ca href=\\\\\\\"http://support.scribd.com/requests/new\\\\\\\"\\u003esupport\\u003c/a\\u003e team for further assistance.\"},\"redeem\":{\"gift_code_already_redeemed\":\"Gift code already redeemed.\",\"gift_code_is_invalid\":\"Gift code is invalid.\",\"gift_code_is_not_paid_for\":\"Gift code is not paid for.\",\"gift_code_missing\":\"Gift code missing.\",\"please_enter_your_code\":\"Please enter your code\",\"sign_in_or_join_to_redeem\":\"Sign in or Join to redeem your giftcard\",\"you_re_currently_subscribed_to_scribd_via\":\"You’re currently subscribed to Scribd via iTunes. You’ll need to end your iTunes subscription to Scribd and allow it to expire before redeeming this giftcard.\",\"you_re_currently_subscribed_to_scribd_via_\":\"You’re currently subscribed to Scribd via PayPal. You’ll need to end your PayPal subscription to Scribd and allow it to expire before redeeming this giftcard.\",\"your_current_subscription_cannot_be_credited\":\"Your current subscription cannot be credited.\"},\"validator\":{\"can_t_be_blank\":\"Can\'t be blank\",\"must_be_a_valid_email\":\"Must be a valid email\",\"must_be_a_valid_future_date\":\"Must be a valid future date formatted as MM/DD/YYYY\"}},\"helpers\":{\"trial\":{\"one_month\":\"one month\",\"one_week\":\"one week\",\"one_year\":\"one year\",\"start_your_free_trial\":\"Start your free trial\",\"start_your_free_two_months\":\"Start your free two months\",\"start_your_free_year\":\"Start your free year\",\"trial_days_day\":\"{{trial_days}} day\",\"trial_days_days\":\"{{trial_days}} days\",\"two_months\":\"two months\",\"two_weeks\":\"two weeks\"}},\"landing_pages\":{\"perks\":{\"con_tv_description\":\"Everything for your inner geek from cult classics, anime, and B movies to Transformers, Star Trek, comics, and graphic novels.\",\"curiosity_stream_description\":\"Dive deep into your favorite science, technology, nature, and history documentaries and be inspired.\",\"farfaria_description\":\"Unlimited read-to-me children’s storybooks and bedtime stories for kids ages 1–9.\",\"mubi_description\":\"Watch cult, classic, independent, and award-winning films from around the world.\",\"pandora_description\":\"Create ad-free personalized music stations from your favorite songs, artists, or genres that speak to you.\",\"tunein_description\":\"From the NFL, NBA, and NHL, to commercial-free news from MSNBC, CNBC, and more, listen to what matters most to you.\"},\"price_offer\":{\"unlimited_terms_html\":\"*Access an unlimited number of full length books, audiobooks, and other content. Restrictions on some titles may apply, see \\u003ca href=\\\"{{termsUrl}}\\\"\\u003eterms\\u003c/a\\u003e.\"}},\"megamenu\":{\"hambur_menu\":{\"get_our_free_apps\":\"Get our free apps\"},\"hamburger_menu\":{\"close_menu\":\"Close menu\",\"sign_in_to_your_scribd_account\":\"Sign in to your Scribd account\",\"welcome\":\"Welcome!\"},\"language\":{\"cancel\":\"Cancel\",\"change_language\":\"Change Language\"},\"language_links\":{\"learn_more\":\"Learn more\"},\"language_picker_dropdown\":{\"language\":\"Language\"},\"logged_out\":{\"user_menu\":{\"welcome_to_scribd\":\"Welcome to Scribd!\"}},\"navigation\":{\"categories\":\"Categories\",\"explore_content_type\":\"Explore {{content_type}}\",\"opens_navigation_menu\":\"Open navigation menu\"},\"search_bar\":{\"close_suggestions\":\"Close suggestions\",\"no_results_found\":\"No search results.\",\"num_results_are_available\":\"{{num_results}} result(s) are available, use up and down arrow keys to navigate.\",\"recent_searches\":\"Recent searches\",\"search\":\"Search\"},\"top_bar\":{\"upload\":\"Upload\"},\"upload\":{\"upload_header\":\"Upload\"},\"user_menu\":{\"document_stats\":\"Document stats\",\"document_uploads\":\"Document uploads\",\"faq_and_support\":\"FAQ and support\",\"hi_name\":\"Hi {{name}}!\",\"invite_friends\":\"Invite friends\",\"language\":\"Language ({{current_language}})\",\"public_profile\":\"Public profile\",\"read_for_free\":\"Read for free\",\"scribd_perks\":\"Scribd Perks\",\"visually_hidden_user_settings\":\"User Settings\",\"your_account\":\"Your account\"},\"what_is_scribd_btn\":{\"what_is_scribd\":\"What is Scribd?\"}},\"mobile\":{\"apps\":{\"kindlefire\":{\"scribd_for_kindle_fire\":\"Scribd for Kindle Fire\"}}},\"modals\":{\"add_to_list\":{\"save\":\"Save to list\",\"title\":\"Add to list\"},\"confirm_unsave_item_in_list\":{\"removing_from_saved\":\"Removing from Saved will also delete the title from your lists.\",\"title\":\"This title is also in a list.\"},\"create_list\":{\"create_list\":\"Create list\",\"failed_to_create_try_again\":\"Failed to create list, please try again\",\"input_description\":{\"privacy_type\":\"No one except you can view this list. Sharing will be disabled.\"},\"input_label\":{\"name\":\"What would you like to name this list?\",\"privacy_type\":\"Make list private\"},\"title\":\"New List\",\"validation_errors\":{\"name\":\"Please enter a list name\"}}},\"onboarding\":{\"welcome_everyone\":{\"all_for_one\":\"All for one price\",\"at_home_or\":\"At home or on the go\",\"books_and_more\":\"Books, audiobooks, magazines, sheet music, podcasts, and more.\",\"everything_is_included\":\"Everything is included in your monthly subscription price.\",\"full_length\":\"Full-length content\",\"read_and_listen\":\"Read and listen in your browser or on your mobile device.\"}},\"payments\":{\"billing\":{\"by_completing_your_purchase_html\":\"By completing your purchase you agree to \\u003ca href=\\\"{{terms_href}}\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\\u003eScribd’s Terms of Use.\\u003c/a\\u003e\",\"n_month_scribd_membership\":\"{{numMonths}} Month Scribd Membership\",\"payment_options\":\"Payment options\",\"your_gift\":\"Your gift\"},\"checkout_flow\":{\"billing\":{\"upload_and_gain_access_to_select\":\"Upload and gain access to select membership content\"},\"credit_card_form\":{\"0_00_due_until_end_date_cancel_anytime\":\"$0.00 due until {{end_date}}. Cancel anytime.\",\"all_fields_required\":\"All fields are required.\",\"back_to_payment_options\":\"Back to Payment Options\",\"billing_options\":\"Billing Options\",\"card_number\":\"Card number\",\"claim_your_free_trial_by_setting\":\"Claim your free trial by setting up a payment method.\",\"credit_card\":\"Credit Card\",\"credit_or_debit_card\":\"Credit or Debit Card\",\"credit_or_debit_card_number\":\"Credit or Debit Card Number\",\"expiration_date\":\"Expiration Date\",\"google_pay_canceled\":\"Google Pay Canceled\",\"invalid_code\":\"Invalid Code\",\"invalid_date\":\"Invalid Date\",\"mm_yy\":\"MM/YY\",\"oops_there_was_an_error_processing\":\"Oops! There was an error processing your payment. Please use a different credit card, or try again later.\",\"oops_there_was_an_error_processing_\":\"Oops! There was an error processing your payment. Please try again later.\",\"or\":\"OR\",\"please_enter_a_valid_credit_card\":\"Please enter a valid credit card number\",\"please_enter_a_valid_zip_code\":\"Please enter a valid zip code\",\"security_code\":\"Security Code\",\"security_code_is_the_3-digit_number\":\"Security code is the 3-Digit number located on the signature panel, on back of the card\",\"security_code_is_the_4-digit_number\":\"Security code is the 4-Digit number on the front for Amex, 3-Digit number on the back for all other cards\",\"security_code_is_the_4-digit_number_\":\"Security code is the 4-Digit number located on the front of the card, above the card account number\",\"sign_in_to_use_paypal\":\"Sign in to use PayPal\",\"sign_up_to_use_paypal\":\"Sign up to use PayPal\",\"sorry_we_don_t_support_this_type\":\"Sorry, we don\'t support this type of card. Please use Visa, Mastercard, Amex, or Discover.\",\"this_props_plan_info_zero_due_today\":\"{{this_props_plan_info_zero}} due today\",\"tip\":\"Tip:\",\"your_billing_info\":\"Your Billing Info\",\"zip_code\":\"Zip Code\"},\"ebanx\":{\"terms\":{\"processed_by_ebanx\":\"Payment and account verification is processed by EBANX.\",\"view_terms\":\"View EBANX terms of service.\"}},\"ebanx_errors\":{\"card_foreign_not_allowed\":\"Only cards from your home country are allowed for this transaction. Please try again with a domestic credit or debit card.\",\"card_instalments_debit\":\"Debit cards are not accepted for recurring plans. Please try again with a credit card.\",\"card_instalments_prepaid\":\"Prepaid cards are not accepted for recurring plans. Please try again with a credit card.\",\"card_not_eligible_for_ecommerce\":\"The card entered is not valid for e-commerce. Please try again with a different card.\",\"card_payment_type_not_allowed\":\"An error occurred. Please try again with a different payment method.\",\"contact_ebanx\":\"An error occurred. Please contact support@ebanx.com for more information.\",\"country_mismatch\":\"Customer country and payment country do not match. Please check your details and try again.\",\"default\":\"An unexpected error has occurred. Please try again.\",\"document_invalid\":\"The document entered is not valid. Please try again.\",\"incomplete_purchase_try_again\":\"Your purchase could not be completed at this time. Try again later.\",\"name_invalid\":\"Please enter your name as it appears on your credit or debit card.\",\"payment_limit\":\"You have exceeded the weekly transaction limit supported by EBANX. Please try again later.\",\"too_many_attempts\":\"Something went wrong. Please try again with another card.\"},\"enrolling_in_automatic_payments_no_tax\":\"By starting a free trial, you are enrolling in automatic payments of {{price}}/month beginning at the end of your free trial.\",\"enrolling_in_automatic_payments_with_tax\":\"By starting a free trial, you are enrolling in automatic payments of {{price}}/month (plus tax) beginning at the end of your free trial.\",\"footer\":{\"archive\":{\"access_an_unlimited_number_of_books\":\"*Access an unlimited number of books and audiobooks; restrictions on some titles may apply.\",\"full_terms_are_available_here\":\"Full terms are available here.\",\"plus_full_access_to_calm_the\":\"plus full access to Calm, the #1 app for meditation \\u0026 sleep\",\"questions_a_href_contact_us_html\":\"Questions? \\u003ca target=\\\"_blank\\\" href=\\\"{{help_link}}\\\"\\u003eContact Us.\\u003c/a\\u003e\",\"scribd_plus_calm\":\"Scribd plus Calm\",\"scribd_plus_new_york_times\":\"Scribd plus New York Times\",\"submit\":\"Submit\",\"unlimited_books_audiobooks_document_downloads_and\":\"Unlimited* books, audiobooks, document downloads and more\",\"unlimited_books_audiobooks_document_downloads_and_\":\"Unlimited* books, audiobooks, document downloads, and more with Scribd, plus The New York Times Basic Digital Access subscription — a savings of more than 40%!\",\"you_will_be_charged_local_price_cart_total_per\":\"You will be charged {{local_price_cart_total}} per year until you cancel.\",\"you_will_be_charged_local_price_cart_total_per_\":\"You will be charged {{local_price_cart_total}} per month until you cancel.\",\"you_will_be_charged_local_price_cart_total_per_plus_tax\":\"You will be charged {{local_price_cart_total}}/year (plus tax) until you cancel.\",\"you_will_be_charged_local_price_cart_total_per_plus_tax_\":\"You will be charged {{local_price_cart_total}}/month (plus tax) until you cancel.\",\"your_membership_begins_with_month_label_for\":\"Your membership begins with {{month_label}} for {{number_to_currency_cart_total_dollars}}. Starting {{trial_end_timestamp}} you will be charged {{eligible_plan_price_dollar_format}} per month until you cancel.\",\"your_membership_begins_with_month_label_for_plus_tax\":\"Your membership begins with {{month_label}} for {{number_to_currency_cart_total_dollars}} (plus tax). Starting {{trial_end_timestamp}} you will be charged {{eligible_plan_price_dollar_format}}/month (plus tax) until you cancel.\",\"your_plan\":\"Your Plan\"},\"base\":{\"buy_with\":\"Buy with\",\"by_clicking_label_you_agree_to\":\"By clicking \'{{label}}\' you agree to\",\"cancel_anytime\":\"Cancel anytime.\",\"opens_in_a_new_window\":\"opens in a new window\",\"scribd_s_terms_of_service\":\"Scribd’s terms of service.\",\"submit\":\"Submit\"},\"cancel_membership_any_time_from_account_settings\":\"Cancel your membership at any time from your Account Settings.\",\"update\":{\"save\":\"Save\",\"scribd_paid_access_end_user_license\":\"Scribd Paid Access End User License Agreement\",\"update_payment\":\"Update Payment\",\"your_membership_billing_will_not_be\":\"Your membership billing will not be affected. Your payment details will be saved for future one-time purchases. By clicking Submit, you agree to the\",\"your_payment_details_will_be_used\":\"Your payment details will be used for both recurring payments and one-time purchases.\"}},\"form_wrapper\":{\"activate_your_free_trial\":\"Activate your free trial\",\"add_payment_to_resume_membership\":\"Add a payment method to resume your Scribd membership. Only {{cart_total}}/month.\",\"resume_your_membership\":\"Renew your membership\",\"start_your_membership\":\"Start Your Membership\",\"zero_due_before_date\":\"{{cart_total}} due until {{trial_end_date}}, then {{billing_plan_price}}.\"},\"gift\":{\"price_plus_tax\":\"{{price}} (plus tax)\"},\"nyt_confirm_modal\":{\"you_will_be_charged\":\"Starting {{trial_end_date}}, you will be charged {{price_formatted}}/month until you cancel. If you cancel your Scribd membership, you will lose access to both Scribd and The New York Times.\",\"you_will_be_charged_plus_tax\":\"Starting {{trial_end_date}}, you will be charged {{price_formatted}}/month (plus tax) until you cancel. If you cancel your Scribd membership, you will lose access to both Scribd and The New York Times.\"},\"nyt_interstitial\":{\"receive_scribd_plus_nyt\":\"Receive the Scribd + The New York Times bundle for {{upsell_price}}/month after trial. The New York Times Basic Digital Access does not apply to e-reader editions. Mobile apps are not supported on all devices. Other restrictions and taxes may apply. Offers and pricing are subject to change without notice. If you cancel your Scribd membership, you will lose access to both Scribd and The New York Times.\",\"receive_scribd_plus_nyt_non_trial\":\"Receive the Scribd + The New York Times bundle for {{upsell_price}}/month. The New York Times Basic Digital Access does not apply to e-reader editions. Mobile apps are not supported on all devices. Other restrictions and taxes may apply. Offers and pricing are subject to change without notice. If you cancel your Scribd membership, you will lose access to both Scribd and The New York Times.\",\"receive_scribd_plus_nyt_plus_tax\":\"Receive the Scribd + The New York Times bundle for {{upsell_price}}/month (plus tax) after trial. The New York Times Basic Digital Access does not apply to e-reader editions. Mobile apps are not supported on all devices. Other restrictions and taxes may apply. Offers and pricing are subject to change without notice. If you cancel your Scribd membership, you will lose access to both Scribd and The New York Times.\",\"receive_scribd_plus_nyt_plus_tax_non_trial\":\"Receive the Scribd + The New York Times bundle for {{upsell_price}}/month (plus tax). The New York Times Basic Digital Access does not apply to e-reader editions. Mobile apps are not supported on all devices. Other restrictions and taxes may apply. Offers and pricing are subject to change without notice. If you cancel your Scribd membership, you will lose access to both Scribd and The New York Times.\"},\"nyt_welcome\":{\"activate_your_new_york_times_subscription_\":\"Activate your New York Times subscription now at NYTimes.com, or check your email \\u003cb\\u003e{{user_email}}\\u003c/b\\u003e for instructions on activating your subscription at a later time.\",\"activate_your_times_subscription\":\"Activate Your Times Subscription\",\"continue_to_scribd\":\"Continue to Scribd\",\"scribd\":\"Scribd\",\"the_new_york_times\":\"The New York Times\",\"you_have_upgraded_to_scribd_the_new_york_times_\":\"You have upgraded to Scribd + The New York Times plan. Enjoy your {{free_trial_days}} day free trial, then {{price}}/month.\",\"you_have_upgraded_to_scribd_the_new_york_times_plan\":\"You have upgraded to Scribd + The New York Times plan.\"},\"threeds2\":{\"threeds2_challenge\":{\"3ds_2_0_verified_payments\":\"3DS 2.0 verified payments\"},\"threeds2_integration\":{\"3ds_payment_identification_frame\":\"3DS Payment Identification Frame\",\"verified_by_visa\":\"Verified by VISA\"}},\"trial_duration\":{\"membership_begins_with_duration_free\":\"Your membership begins with {{trialDuration}} free. Starting {{trialEndDate}} you will be charged {{price}} per {{frequency}} until you cancel.\",\"membership_begins_with_duration_free_plus_tax\":\"Your membership begins with {{trialDuration}} free. Starting {{trialEndDate}} you will be charged {{price}}/{{frequency}} (plus tax) until you cancel.\"},\"unlimited_books_downloads_more\":\"Unlimited* books, audiobooks, document downloads, and more.\",\"you_cancel_account_settings\":\"You can cancel anytime from your Account Settings.\"}},\"pdfs\":{\"lightboxes\":{\"download_lightbox\":{\"download_current_format_extension\":\"Download {{current_format_extension}}\",\"download_document\":\"Download document\",\"having_trouble_downloading\":\"Having trouble downloading?\",\"resume_membership\":\"Resume Membership\",\"resuming\":\"Resuming\",\"try_again\":\"Try again\",\"your_download_has_started_\":\"Your download has started\",\"your_membership_has_been_resumed\":\"Your membership has been resumed.\",\"your_membership_is_currently_paused_until\":\"Your membership is currently paused until {{state_nag_next_payment_due}}. Would you like to resume your membership now to download\"},\"receipt_lightbox\":{\"activate_your_calm_subscription\":\"Activate your Calm Subscription\",\"calm_on_iphone\":\"Calm on iPhone\",\"don_t_forget_to\":\"Don’t forget to\",\"download_the_document\":\"Download the document\",\"get_started_with_calm\":\"Get Started With Calm\",\"welcome_to_scribd\":\"Welcome to Scribd!\",\"you_are_all_set\":\"You are all set!\"}}},\"promo_banner\":{\"bundles\":{\"get_pandora_plus\":\"Get Pandora Plus for free\",\"pandora_plus_is_free\":\"Pandora Plus is free with Scribd!\",\"see_all_perks\":\"See all Scribd Perks\",\"see_perks\":\"See Perks\"}},\"read_free_promo\":{\"banner\":{\"subscribe_now\":\"Subscribe Now\"},\"billing\":{\"by_setting_up_autopay\":\"By setting up autopay, you are enrolling in automatic payments of {{price}}/month (plus tax where applicable) beginning at the end of your promotional period. You can cancel anytime from your Account Settings.\",\"continue_enjoying_scribd\":\"Enjoy Scribd without interruption after your free period ends on {{date}}. Only {{price}}/month.\"}},\"receipt\":{\"app_promo_download\":{\"view_in_scribd_app\":\"View in Scribd App\",\"view_this_document_offline_with_the\":\"View this document offline with the free Scribd mobile app. Download it today!\"},\"content_types\":{\"access_an_unlimited_number_of_books\":\"*Access an unlimited number of books and audiobooks; restrictions on some titles may apply.\",\"at_no_additional_cost_you_can\":\"At no additional cost, you can read an unlimited* number of:\",\"audiobook\":\"Audiobooks\",\"book\":\"Books\",\"details_here\":\"Details Here.\",\"document\":\"Documents\",\"magazine\":\"Magazines\",\"news\":\"News\",\"opens_in_new_tab\":\"Opens in new tab.\",\"sheet_music\":\"Sheet Music\",\"what_does_your_membership_include\":\"What does your membership include?\"},\"download\":{\"choose_document_format_type\":\"Choose document format type:\",\"document\":\"Document\",\"download\":\"Download\",\"download_format_extension_touppercase_format_filesize\":\"Download {{format_extension_touppercase}} ({{format_filesize}})\",\"download_iframe\":\"Download iframe\",\"having_trouble_downloading\":\"Having trouble downloading?\",\"try_again\":\"Try again\",\"uploaded_by\":\"Uploaded by\",\"view_document\":\"View Document\",\"view_in_scribd_app\":\"View in Scribd App\",\"view_this_document_offline_with_the\":\"View this document offline with the free Scribd mobile app.\",\"view_this_document_offline_with_the_\":\"View this document offline with the free Scribd mobile app. Download it today!\",\"welcome_to_scribd_this_props_name\":\"Welcome to Scribd, {{this_props_name}}!\"},\"features\":{\"discover_new_favorites\":\"Discover new favorites\",\"experience_with_the_scribd_app_on_html\":\"Experience with the Scribd app on \\u003ca target=\\\"_blank\\\" href=\\\"{{this_props_android_app_link}}\\\"\\u003eAndroid \\u003cspan class=\\\"visually_hidden\\\"\\u003e{{opens_in_new_tab}}\\u003c/a\\u003e or \\u003ca target=\\\"_blank\\\" href=\\\"{{this_props_ios_app_link}}\\\"\\u003eiOS \\u003cspan class=\\\"visually_hidden\\\"\\u003e{{opens_in_new_tab}}\\u003c/a\\u003e\",\"learn_on_the_go_even_without\":\"Learn on the go, even without an internet connection\",\"opens_in_new_tab\":\"Opens in new tab\",\"read_bestsellers_award_winners_and_recommendations\":\"Read bestsellers, award winners, and recommendations just for you\",\"read_on_any_device\":\"Read on any device\",\"store_favorites_offline\":\"Store favorites offline\",\"what_can_you_do_with_scribd\":\"What can you do with Scribd?\"}},\"recommenders\":{\"modules\":{\"article_tile\":{\"top_picks\":\"Top Picks\"},\"doc_education_banner\":{\"academic_papers\":\"Academic Papers\",\"business_templates\":\"Business Templates\",\"court_filings\":\"Court Filings\",\"customize_proposals_contracts_business_plans_and\":\"Customize proposals, contracts, business plans, and more.\",\"get_the_facts_on_landmark_cases\":\"Get the facts on landmark cases.\",\"learn_from_scholars_around_the_world\":\"Learn from scholars around the world.\"},\"looking_for_jump_back_in_promo\":{\"description\":\"We\'re replacing your reading history with your Saved titles.\",\"dismiss_message\":\"Dismiss Message\",\"find_out_more\":\"Find Out More\",\"title\":\"Looking for Jump Back In?\"},\"promo\":{\"scribd_perks\":\"Free Scribd Perks\"}}},\"saved\":{\"list_item_controls\":{\"create_list\":\"Create List\"}},\"search\":{\"input\":{\"show\":{\"close_suggestions\":\"Close suggestions\",\"no_search_results\":\"No search results.\",\"props_items_length_result_s_are_available_use_up\":\"{{props_items_length}} result(s) are available, use up and down arrow keys to navigate.\",\"recent_searches\":\"RECENT SEARCHES\",\"search\":\"Search\"}}},\"shared\":{\"account_creation\":{\"already_have_an_account\":\"Already have an account?\",\"back_to_sign_in\":\"Back to Sign In\",\"creating_your_account\":\"Creating your account...\",\"disclaimer\":\"By signing up with Scribd, you agree to our \\u003ca href=\\\"{{terms_href}}\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" tabIndex=\\\"0\\\"\\u003eTerms of Service {{opens_in_new_window}}\\u003c/a\\u003e and \\u003ca href=\\\"{{privacy_href}}\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" tabIndex=\\\"0\\\"\\u003ePrivacy Policy {{opens_in_new_window}}\\u003c/a\\u003e\",\"errors\":{\"connection_successful_no_email\":\"We\'ve successfully connected your {{account_type}} account but didn\'t get your email. Please provide your email so we can finish setting up your account.\",\"email_registered\":\"This email address is already registered with Scribd. Please enter your password to sign in.\",\"email_taken\":\"That email is taken by another user, please try again.\",\"invalid_character_in_name_please_remove\":\"Invalid character in name. Please remove any special characters\",\"please_enter_a_name\":\"Please enter a name\",\"please_enter_a_password_that_is\":\"Please enter a password that is at least 8 characters\",\"please_enter_a_valid_email\":\"Please enter a valid email\",\"that_doesn_t_appear_to_be_a\":\"That doesn\'t appear to be a valid email address. Please try again.\"},\"facebook\":{\"error\":\"Sorry, we are unable to log you in via Facebook at this time.\",\"sign_in\":\"Continue with Facebook\",\"sign_up\":\"Sign Up with Facebook\"},\"forgot\":{\"enter_email\":\"Enter your email address and we\'ll send you an email with a link to reset your password.\",\"weve_sent_email_html\":\"We\'ve sent an email to \\u003cstrong\\u003e{{escape_validated_email}}\\u003c/strong\\u003e with instructions to reset your password. If it doesn\'t show up soon, check your spam folder and then read this \\u003ca href=\\\"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210134406-What-do-I-do-if-I-ve-lost-or-forgotten-my-password-\\\"\\u003eHelp Center article\\u003c/a\\u003e.\"},\"forgot_password\":\"Forgot password?\",\"google\":{\"error\":\"Google sign in failed\",\"sign_in\":\"Continue with Google\",\"sign_up\":\"Sign Up with Google\"},\"logging_you_in\":\"Logging you in...\",\"not_you\":\"Not you?\",\"now_bringing_you_back\":\"Now bringing you back...\",\"one_more_thing\":\"One more thing...\",\"people_browsing_scribd_html\":\"\\u003cspan\\u003e{{count, locale}} person\\u003c/span\\u003e browsing Scribd right now\",\"people_browsing_scribd_html_plural\":\"\\u003cspan\\u003e{{count, locale}} people\\u003c/span\\u003e browsing Scribd right now\",\"recaptcha_disclaimer\":\"This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google \\u003ca href=\\\"{{privacy_href}}\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\\u003ePrivacy Policy {{opens_in_new_window}}\\u003c/a\\u003e and \\u003ca href=\\\"{{policy_href}}\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\\u003eTerms of Service {{opens_in_new_window}}\\u003c/a\\u003e apply.\",\"remember_me\":\"Remember me\",\"reset_password\":\"Reset Password\",\"send_me_updates_from_scribd\":\"Send me updates from Scribd\",\"sign_in\":\"Sign In\",\"sign_in_successful\":\"Sign In Successful\",\"sign_in_to_scribd\":\"Sign In to Scribd\",\"sign_in_with_email\":\"Sign In with Email\",\"sign_up\":\"Sign Up\",\"sign_up_or_sign_in\":\"Sign Up or Sign In\",\"sign_up_successful\":\"Sign Up Successful\",\"sign_up_with_email\":\"Sign Up with Email\",\"use_another_email_address\":\"Use another email address\"},\"app_download_promo\":{\"module\":{\"an_error_occurred_please_try_again\":\"An error occurred please try again\",\"an_error_occurred_please_try_an\":\"An error occurred please try an email\",\"and\":\"and\",\"android_app_store_badge\":\"android app store badge\",\"app_store\":\"App Store\",\"enter_your_email\":\"Enter your email\",\"enter_your_phone_number_or_email\":\"Enter your phone number or email\",\"google_play_store\":\"Google Play Store\",\"hide_promo_content\":\"Hide Promo Content\",\"ios_app_store_badge\":\"iOS app store badge\",\"link_sent_please_check_your_mobile\":\"Link sent! Please check your mobile device\",\"opens_new_window\":\"opens new window\",\"phone_number_or_email\":\"Phone number or email\",\"please_enter_a_valid_email\":\"Please enter a valid email\",\"please_enter_a_valid_phone_number\":\"Please enter a valid phone number or email\",\"please_enter_a_valid_phone_number_\":\"Please enter a valid phone number\",\"read_anytime_everywhere_you_go\":\"Read anytime, everywhere you go\",\"scribd_is_available_on_the\":\"Scribd is available on the\",\"send_link\":\"Send link\"}},\"byline\":{\"and\":\"and\",\"by\":\"By\",\"narrated_by\":\"Narrated by\",\"published_by\":\"Published by\",\"written_by\":\"Written by\"},\"carousels\":{\"carousel_next\":\"Carousel Next\",\"carousel_previous\":\"Carousel Previous\",\"skip_carousel\":\"Skip carousel\"},\"common\":{\"back\":\"Back\",\"back_to_top\":\"Back to top\",\"close_dialog\":\"Close Dialog\",\"delete\":\"Delete\",\"description\":\"Description\",\"do_not_ask_me_again\":\"Do not ask me again\",\"email_address\":\"Email Address\",\"error\":\"Error\",\"errors\":{\"could_not_complete_request\":\"We couldn\'t complete your request\",\"failed_to_delete_review\":\"Review was not deleted. Please try again.\",\"failed_to_load\":\"Failed to load, try again\",\"failed_to_remove_title\":\"Failed to remove title\",\"failed_to_save_review\":\"Your review was not saved. Please try again.\",\"failed_to_save_review_vote\":\"Your vote was not saved. Please try again.\",\"failed_to_save_title\":\"Failed to save title\",\"please_try_again_later\":\"Please try again later.\"},\"forms\":{\"at_least_8_characters\":\"(at least 8 characters)\",\"email\":\"Email\",\"error\":\"Error\",\"invalid\":\"Invalid\",\"name\":\"Name\",\"optional\":\"(optional)\",\"password\":\"Password\",\"please_enter_a_password\":\"Please enter a password\",\"please_enter_an_email\":\"Please enter an email\",\"required\":\"(required)\"},\"hide\":\"Hide\",\"info\":\"Information\",\"key_insights\":\"Key insights from\",\"length\":\"Length\",\"library\":{\"add_to_list\":{\"success_message\":\"Added to {{collection_name}}\"},\"add_with_title\":\"Save {{title}} for later\",\"remove_with_title\":\"Remove {{title}} from saved\",\"sign_up_to_save\":\"Sign up to save this title\"},\"load_more\":\"Load more\",\"new_to_scribd\":\"New to Scribd?\",\"notice\":\"Notice\",\"opens_in_a_new_window\":\"opens in a new window\",\"or\":\"or\",\"play_preview\":\"Play preview\",\"preferred_language_set_to_language\":\"Preferred language set to {{language}}\",\"read_more\":\"Read more\",\"remove_from_saved\":\"Remove from Saved\",\"restart_subscription\":\"Restart subscription\",\"save_for_later\":\"Save for later\",\"selected\":\"(selected)\",\"send_email\":\"Send Email\",\"share_on\":{\"email\":\"Share via email\",\"email_mail_client\":\"Share with email, opens mail client\",\"facebook\":\"Share on Facebook\",\"facebook_new_window\":\"Share on Facebook, opens a new window\",\"linkedin\":\"Share on LinkedIn\",\"linkedin_new_window\":\"Share on LinkedIn, opens a new window\",\"pinterest\":\"Share on Pinterest\",\"pinterest_new_window\":\"Share on Pinterest, opens a new window\",\"twitter\":\"Share on Twitter\",\"twitter_new_window\":\"Share on Twitter, opens a new window\"},\"show\":\"Show\",\"show_more\":\"Show more\",\"sign_in\":\"Sign in\",\"sign_out\":\"Sign out\",\"skip\":\"Skip section\",\"start_your_subscription\":\"Start your subscription\",\"success\":\"Success\",\"success_exclamation\":\"Success!\",\"trending\":\"Trending\",\"welcome_back\":\"Welcome back\",\"welcome_back_exclamation\":\"Welcome back!\",\"worlds_fascinating_library\":\"The world\'s most fascinating library\"},\"competitor_matrix\":{\"monthly_fee\":\"Monthly fee\",\"no\":\"No\",\"title\":\"See why readers choose Scribd\",\"unlimited_audiobooks_from_major_publishers\":\"Unlimited* audiobooks from major publishers\",\"unlimited_books\":\"Unlimited* books\",\"unlimited_magazines_and_news\":\"Unlimited magazines \\u0026 news\",\"yes\":\"Yes\"},\"content_lengths\":{\"hour_with_count\":\"{{count}} hour\",\"hour_with_count_plural\":\"{{count}} hours\",\"minute_with_count\":\"{{count}} minute\",\"minute_with_count_plural\":\"{{count}} minutes\",\"page_with_count\":\"{{count, locale}} page\",\"page_with_count_plural\":\"{{count, locale}} pages\",\"songs_with_count\":\"{{count, locale}} song\",\"songs_with_count_plural\":\"{{count, locale}} songs\"},\"content_types\":{\"series\":\"Series\"},\"doc_download_modal\":{\"download_started\":\"Your download has started\"},\"dont_worry_we_will_email\":\"Don’t worry, we’ll email you before your trial ends.\",\"download_document\":{\"sign_up_to_download_doc_title\":\"Sign up to download {{doc_title}}\",\"sign_up_today_for_unlimited_downloads\":\"Sign up today for unlimited downloads free for one month.\"},\"footer\":{\"about\":\"About\",\"about_scribd\":\"About Scribd\",\"accessibility\":\"Accessibility\",\"contact_us\":\"Contact us\",\"copyright\":\"Copyright\",\"copyright_copy_current_year_scribd\":\"Copyright \\u0026copy; {{currentYear}} Scribd Inc.\",\"directory\":\"Directory\",\"footer_menu\":\"Footer menu\",\"gifts\":\"Gifts\",\"help_faq\":\"Help / FAQ\",\"invite_friends\":\"Invite friends\",\"join_our_team_exclamation\":\"Join our team!\",\"legal\":\"Legal\",\"our_blog\":\"Our blog\",\"press\":\"Press\",\"privacy\":\"Privacy\",\"publishers\":\"Publishers\",\"purchase_help\":\"Purchase help\",\"scribd_-_download_on_the_app_store\":\"Scribd - Download on the App Store\",\"scribd_-_get_it_on_google_play\":\"Scribd - Get it on Google Play\",\"scribd_for_enterprise\":\"Scribd for enterprise\",\"social\":\"Social\",\"support\":\"Support\",\"terms\":\"Terms\"},\"get_app_modal\":{\"an_error_occurred_please_try_again\":\"An error occurred please try again\",\"an_error_occurred_please_try_an\":\"An error occurred please try an email\",\"enter_your_email\":\"Enter your email\",\"enter_your_phone_or_email\":\"Enter your phone or email\",\"get_the_app_to_read_and_listen\":\"Get the app to read and listen anytime, anywhere.\",\"link_sent_please_check_your_mobile\":\"Link sent! Please check your mobile device\",\"listen_offline_with_app\":\"Listen offline with the app\",\"phone_or_email\":\"Phone or email\",\"please_enter_a_valid_email\":\"Please enter a valid email\",\"please_enter_a_valid_phone_number\":\"Please enter a valid phone number\",\"please_enter_a_valid_phone_number_or_email\":\"Please enter a valid phone number or email\",\"read_offline_with_app\":\"Read offline with the app\",\"send\":\"Send\"},\"ie11_notice_html\":\"Starting in 2021, support for this browser will no longer be available. To learn more, \\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.scribd.com/contact\\\"\\u003econtact us\\u003c/a\\u003e.\",\"join\":{\"become_a_member\":\"Become a member\"},\"listen_button\":{\"listen_continue\":\"Continue listening\",\"listen_start\":\"Start listening\"},\"login\":{\"join_lightbox\":{\"we_couldn_t_complete_your_request\":\"We couldn\'t complete your request\"}},\"message_promo\":{\"dismiss_message\":\"Dismiss Message\"},\"mobile_bottom_navigation_tabs\":{\"active\":\", active\",\"home\":\"Home\",\"quick_navigation\":\"Quick navigation\"},\"navigation\":{\"header\":{\"explore_menu\":{\"audiobooks\":\"Audiobooks\",\"books\":\"Books\",\"close_explore_menu\":\"Close Explore Menu\",\"explore_by_interests_or_content_type\":\"Explore by Interests or Content Type\",\"explore_formats\":\"Explore formats\",\"explore_interests\":\"Explore interests\",\"news_magazines\":\"News \\u0026 Magazines\",\"sheet_music\":\"Sheet Music\"},\"header\":{\"back\":\"Back\",\"bestsellers\":\"bestsellers\",\"bestsellers_\":\"Bestsellers\",\"explore\":\"Explore\",\"go_to_your_saved_titles\":\"Go to your saved titles\",\"invite_friends\":\"Invite Friends\",\"read_for_free\":\"Read for Free\",\"saved\":\"Saved\",\"search\":\"Search\",\"upload\":\"Upload\",\"upload_a_document\":\"Upload a document\"},\"header_hybrid\":{\"close_navigation_menu\":\"Close Navigation Menu\",\"open_navigation_menu\":\"Open Navigation Menu\",\"preferred_language_set_to_query_language_settings_changed\":\"Preferred language set to {{query_language_settings_changed}}\"}},\"language\":{\"message\":{\"language_options\":\"Language Options\",\"learn_more\":\"Learn More\",\"your_recommendations_have_been_switched_to\":\"Your recommendations have been switched to {{current_language_name}} to match your browser preferences.\"},\"modal\":{\"cancel\":\"Cancel\",\"language_options\":\"Language Options\",\"save\":\"Save\",\"select_your_preferred_language\":\"Select your preferred language\",\"we_ll_translate_site_navigation_and_tailor\":\"We’ll translate site navigation and tailor your personal recommendations where possible to match your preferred language selection.\",\"we_ll_translate_site_navigation_to_match\":\"We’ll translate site navigation to match your preferred language selection.\"},\"picker\":{\"change_language\":\"Change Language\",\"learn_more\":\"Learn More\",\"selected\":\", selected\"}},\"membership_info\":{\"learn_more_about_scribd_membership\":\"Learn more about Scribd Membership\"},\"sidebar\":{\"hi_this_props_username\":\"Hi {{this_props_username}}!\",\"selected\":\", selected\",\"sign_in\":\"Sign In\",\"your_profile\":\"Your profile\"}},\"play_sample_button\":{\"pause\":\"Pause\",\"play_sample\":\"Play sample\"},\"podcast_series\":{\"num_podcast_episodes\":\"{{count, locale}} podcast episode\",\"num_podcast_episodes_plural\":\"{{count, locale}} podcast episodes\"},\"promos\":{\"bundle_promo\":{\"module\":{\"your_scribd_membership_gets_you_lots\":\"Your Scribd membership gets you lots of other great services — 100% free.\"}}},\"react\":{\"button_menu\":{\"close_menu\":\"Close menu\"},\"cells\":{\"base\":{\"article_in_props_item_author\":\"Article in {{props_item_author}}\",\"audiobook\":\"audiobook\",\"author\":\"Author\",\"book\":\"book\",\"content_to_go\":\"{{duration}} to go\",\"failed_to_undo_action\":\"Failed to undo action\",\"finished\":\"Finished\",\"key_insights_from_authors_html\":\"\\u003cspan aria-hidden=\'true\'\\u003eKey insights from\\u003c/span\\u003e {{author_possessive}}\",\"listen\":\"Listen\",\"listen_now\":\"Listen Now\",\"new\":\"New,\",\"pdf_document\":\"PDF document\",\"podcast_episode\":\"podcast episode\",\"props_item_title_-_removed_from_saved\":\"{{props_item_title}} - Removed from saved\",\"publication_issue\":\"publication issue\",\"read_now\":\"Read Now\",\"removed_from_saved\":\"Removed from Saved\",\"series\":\"Series\",\"sheet_music\":\"sheet music\",\"sheet_music_chapter\":\"sheet music chapter\",\"summary_key_insights\":\"Key Insights\",\"total\":\"Total\",\"undo\":\"Undo\",\"uploaded_by\":\"Uploaded by\"}},\"circular_progress_indicator\":{\"listened\":\"listened\",\"read\":\"read\"},\"download_button\":{\"download\":\"Download\",\"this_document_is_not_available_for\":\"This document is not available for download\",\"unable_to_download_please_try_again\":\"Unable to download. Please try again later.\"},\"lightbox\":{\"close_dialog\":\"Close Dialog\"},\"lock_shock_roadblock_modal\":{\"later\":\"Later\",\"problem_with_your_last_payment\":\"Problem with your last payment\",\"update_payment\":\"Update Payment\",\"your_membership_is_on_hold_please\":\"Your membership is on hold. Please update payment details to continue using Scribd.\"},\"modals\":{\"delete_item_in_list\":{\"cancel\":\"Cancel\",\"delete\":\"Delete\",\"do_not_ask_me_again\":\"Do not ask me again\",\"removing_from_saved_will_also_delete\":\"Removing from Saved will also delete the title from your lists.\",\"this_title_is_also_in_a\":\"This title is also in a list.\"}},\"reading_progress_bar\":{\"math_round_props_percentage_0_of_props_short_title_completed\":\"{{math_round_props_percentage_0}}% of {{props_short_title}} completed\"},\"save_button\":{\"failed_to_remove_title\":\"Failed to remove title\",\"failed_to_save_title\":\"Failed to save title\",\"remove_from_saved_cap\":\"Remove from Saved\",\"remove_short_title_from_saved\":\"Remove {{short_title}} from Saved\",\"save_for_later_cap\":\"Save for Later\",\"save_short_title_for_later\":\"Save {{short_title}} For Later\",\"sign_up_to_save\":\"Sign up to save this title\"},\"star_ratings\":{\"average_rating\":\"Average Rating:\",\"clear_rating\":\"Clear rating\",\"i_didn_t_like_it_at_all\":\"I didn\'t like it at all\",\"i_didn_t_like_it_that_much\":\"I didn\'t like it that much\",\"i_liked_it\":\"I liked it\",\"i_loved_it\":\"I loved it\",\"i_thought_it_was_ok\":\"I thought it was OK\",\"rate_as_value_out_of_5\":\"Rate as {{value}} out of 5\",\"rating_required\":\"Rating required\",\"saved\":\"Saved!\",\"selected\":\", selected\",\"state_user_rating_star_rating_saved\":\"{{state_user_rating}} star Rating Saved.\",\"your_rating_was_not_saved_please\":\"Your rating was not saved. Please try again.\"},\"upvotes\":{\"document_is_marked_as_not_useful\":\"Document is marked as not useful\",\"document_is_marked_as_useful\":\"Document is marked as useful\",\"down_votes_mark_as_not_useful\":\"down votes, mark as not useful\",\"down_votes_you_marked_this_as_not_useful\":\"down votes, you marked this as not useful\",\"not_useful\":\"Not Useful\",\"props_score_5_score\":\"{{props_score}}/5 score\",\"props_views_views\":\"{{props_views}} views\",\"up_votes_mark_as_useful\":\"up votes, mark as useful\",\"upvotes_you_marked_this_as_useful\":\"up votes, you marked this as useful\",\"useful\":\"Useful\"}},\"resume_membership\":\"Resume membership\",\"save_button\":{\"saved\":\"Saved\"},\"sidebar_nav\":{\"sidebar\":{}},\"skip_link\":{\"skip_content\":\"Skip content\"},\"social_buttons\":{\"scribd_on_facebook_aria_label\":\"Scribd on Facebook\",\"scribd_on_instagram_aria_label\":\"Scribd on Instagram\",\"scribd_on_pinterest_aria_label\":\"Scribd on Pinterest\",\"scribd_on_twitter_aria_label\":\"Scribd on Twitter\"},\"star_ratings\":{\"clear_rating\":\"Clear Rating\",\"i_didnt_like_it_at_all\":\"I didn\'t like it at all\",\"i_didnt_like_it_that_much\":\"I didn\'t like it that much\",\"i_liked_it\":\"I liked it\",\"i_loved_it\":\"I loved it\",\"i_thought_it_was_ok\":\"I thought it was OK\",\"label_html\":\"{{rating}}/5 ({{count, locale}} \\u003cspan class=\'rating_text\'\\u003erating\\u003c/span\\u003e)\",\"label_html_plural\":\"{{rating}}/5 ({{count, locale}} \\u003cspan class=\'rating_text\'\\u003eratings\\u003c/span\\u003e)\",\"rate_as_rating_out_of_5\":\"Rate as {{value}} out of 5\",\"rating_rating_to_display_out_of_5_stars\":\"Rating: {{ratingToDisplay}} out of 5 stars\",\"ratings\":\"rating\",\"ratings_plural\":\"ratings\",\"saved\":\"Saved!\",\"selected\":\"(selected)\",\"sign_up_to_rate_this_title\":\"Sign up to rate this title\",\"user_rating_star_rating_saved\":\"{{userRating}} star rating saved\"},\"start_exploring\":\"Start exploring\",\"text_links\":{\"all_categories\":\"All categories\",\"view_all_categories_in_category\":\"View all categories in {{category}}\",\"view_fewer\":\"View fewer\"},\"trial_duration\":{\"enjoy_free_days_with_price\":\"Enjoy your {{trialDuration}} day free trial, then {{planPrice}}/month.\",\"free_trial_cancel_anytime\":\"Free {{trialDuration}} day trial. Cancel anytime.\",\"monthly_payments_after_free_days\":\"Monthly payments will begin once your {{trialDuration}} day free trial has ended.\",\"read_free_days\":\"Read free for {{trialDuration}} days\",\"start_trial_days\":\"Start your free {{trialDuration}} days\"},\"upvotes\":{\"sign_up_to_rate_this_title\":\"Sign up to rate this title\"},\"user_menu\":{\"button\":{\"join\":\"Join\",\"sign_in\":\"Sign In\",\"user_settings\":\"User Settings\"},\"menu\":{\"account_settings\":\"Account Settings\",\"close_user_settings_menu\":\"Close user settings menu\",\"document_stats\":\"Document Stats\",\"document_uploads\":\"Document Uploads\",\"help\":\"Help\",\"hi_this_props_user\":\"Hi {{this_props_user_name}}!\",\"invite_friends\":\"Invite Friends\",\"join\":\"Join\",\"options\":\"Options\",\"public_profile\":\"Public Profile\",\"read_for_free\":\"Read for Free\",\"scribd_perks\":\"Scribd Perks\",\"sign_in\":\"Sign In\",\"sign_out\":\"Sign Out\",\"upload\":\"Upload\",\"upload_a_document\":\"Upload a Document\"}}}}}}"); //]]> </script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/vendors/react16/react16.63d55263784387ae046b.dll.js"></script><script type="text/javascript"> window.i18next_lng = "en-US"; window.i18next_fallback = "en-US"; window.i18next_debug = "false"; </script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/0.17643e373ff47de93965.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/1.cba9560d479b6adf71d9.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/2.416c5ed283a1d1d29479.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/3.856979a9e14030be9ca2.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/4.d741bcd30955af74468f.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/5.81f8a6ced62b94290629.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/7.07b0ecb94192ed33f05f.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/8.efb8f7a6939fc20415a4.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/9.97a609b9f60b135ab1f7.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/10.4b3abd107fcbcbdb9a85.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/11.b41654e2107e2d961f7c.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/14.6058eeae732ade68b998.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/25.607fd7057cdd0171728f.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/19.87bed7f0ecd8462a2206.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/22.4846ae177b2ad2fc3232.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/33.feaabae9dd66d7f0d372.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/28.0b7422677be3aaa738bc.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/111.f191b22af3823af6fa0b.js"></script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/giftcards.1c68600c51a349d521a8.js"></script><script type="text/javascript"> window['$rat'] = ratInit(["https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://rs1.scribd.com/","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://rs2.scribd.com/","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://rs3.scribd.com/","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://rs4.scribd.com/","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://rs5.scribd.com/","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://rs6.scribd.com/","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://rs7.scribd.com/","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://rs8.scribd.com/"], {"user_id":null,"doc_id":null}, true); $rat.root().withVid(function(vid) { $rat("gotvid", { vid: vid}) }) </script><script type="text/javascript"> window.webAnalytics = webAnalyticsInit("https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://wa.scribd.com", {"user_id":null,"doc_id":null}, 100); </script><script type="text/javascript">Scribd.tracker = new Scribd.Tracker(document);</script><div id="pageboxes"></div><div id="fb-root"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> Scribd.Facebook.setup() </script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613js_/https://apis.google.com/js/platform.js?onload=googleOnLoad" async defer></script><script type="text/javascript">function prefetchResource(u){ var x = new XMLHttpRequest(); x.open("GET", u, true); x.send(); } window.locale = "en_US"; new Scribd.FancyHeader("#fancy_header", {"tracker_name":"fancy_header"}); document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {ReactDOM.render(React.createElement(Scribd.NativeApps.Buttons, {"android_store_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.scribd.app.reader0\u0026hl=en","ios_store_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/scribd-worlds-largest-online/id542557212?mt=8\u0026uo=4\u0026at=11lGEE","app_download_link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/send_download_link","close_promo_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/home/close_promo","doc_id":null,"email_address":null,"extra_classes":" app_download_promo","promo_id":null,"twilio_enabled":true,"track_page":"nav_menu","success":true,"showKindle":true,"__locale":"en_US"}), document.getElementById("autogen_id_437741191"))}) new Scribd.Input("#autogen_id_437738729", {selected: false}); new Scribd.UI.Giftcards("#autogen_id_437743406", {"mobile_login_path":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://www.scribd.com/login"}); $(document.body).addClass("jsblock_done"); Scribd.jsblock.resolve(); $(document.body).track_rats('page:view', {"accept_language":"en-US,en;q=0.8"});if (typeof Scribd.Lightbox !== "undefined") Scribd.Lightbox.initialize();Scribd.hook_tooltips($(document.body));</script><style></style> <script type="text/javascript"> var _user_id = ""; var _session_id = "88c37200-a296-4b50-a369-7a382ea4e35f"; var _sift = window._sift = window._sift || []; _sift.push(['_setAccount', "cbcb9f556a"]); _sift.push(['_setUserId', _user_id]); _sift.push(['_setSessionId', _session_id]); _sift.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { function ls() { var e = document.createElement('script'); e.src = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://cdn.siftscience.com/s.js'; e.defer = 1; document.body.appendChild(e); } if (window.attachEvent) { window.attachEvent('onload', ls); } else { window.addEventListener('load', ls, false); } })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> if(!/Trident|MSIE/.test(navigator.userAgent)){;["https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/0.17643e373ff47de93965.js","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/1.cba9560d479b6adf71d9.js","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/2.416c5ed283a1d1d29479.js","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/3.856979a9e14030be9ca2.js","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/4.d741bcd30955af74468f.js","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/19.87bed7f0ecd8462a2206.js","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/100.157e3e543a0105b5191a.js","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/plans.a3103ba0950d1cab46ad.js","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/2.b9cd0845db84dceaab4f.css","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/3.4e704ee127659e007866.css","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/4.920ef2ebb6c5431f3508.css","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/19.edd7b57e62c378cb67e6.css","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/plans.a6e05e107ff4eef14ae9.css","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/22.4846ae177b2ad2fc3232.js","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/28.0b7422677be3aaa738bc.js","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/payments.81c5e23713a97d3af672.js","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/28.727b1e65685fbfd8440b.css","https://web.archive.org/web/20210531181613/https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/payments.651a945ec7a6fad5d269.css"].forEach(prefetchResource)} </script></body></html>