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class="vector-toc-text"> 5 1996: Bob Ayling era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1996:_Bob_Ayling_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000:_Rod_Eddington_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000:_Rod_Eddington_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 2000: Rod Eddington era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000:_Rod_Eddington_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2005:_Willie_Walsh_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2005:_Willie_Walsh_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 2005: Willie Walsh era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2005:_Willie_Walsh_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009:_Financial_difficulties,_disruptions_and_merger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009:_Financial_difficulties,_disruptions_and_merger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 2009: Financial difficulties, disruptions and merger </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009:_Financial_difficulties,_disruptions_and_merger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liveries_and_logos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liveries_and_logos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Liveries and logos </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Liveries_and_logos-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Liveries and logos subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Liveries_and_logos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hybrid/transition_liveries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hybrid/transition_liveries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Hybrid/transition liveries </div> </a> <ul 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Airways_tails_lined_up_at_LHR_Terminal_5B_Iwelumo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/British_Airways_tails_lined_up_at_LHR_Terminal_5B_Iwelumo.jpg/250px-British_Airways_tails_lined_up_at_LHR_Terminal_5B_Iwelumo.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/British_Airways_tails_lined_up_at_LHR_Terminal_5B_Iwelumo.jpg/375px-British_Airways_tails_lined_up_at_LHR_Terminal_5B_Iwelumo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/British_Airways_tails_lined_up_at_LHR_Terminal_5B_Iwelumo.jpg/500px-British_Airways_tails_lined_up_at_LHR_Terminal_5B_Iwelumo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a> has been the main hub of British Airways since its formation; most activity has been based in the <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Terminal_5" title="Heathrow Terminal 5">Terminal 5</a> complex since 2008.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/British_Airways" title="British Airways">British Airways</a> (BA), the United Kingdom's <a href="/wiki/National_airline" class="mw-redirect" title="National airline">national airline</a>, was formed in 1974 with the merger of the two largest UK airlines, <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Airways_Corporation" title="British Overseas Airways Corporation">British Overseas Airways Corporation</a> (BOAC) and <a href="/wiki/British_European_Airways" title="British European Airways">British European Airways</a> (BEA), and including also two smaller regional airlines, <a href="/wiki/Cambrian_Airways" title="Cambrian Airways">Cambrian Airways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Airlines_(UK)" title="Northeast Airlines (UK)">Northeast Airlines</a>. The merger was the completion of a consolidation process started in 1971 with the establishment of the British Airways Board, a body created by the British government to control the operations and finances of BOAC and BEA, which initially continued to exist as separate entities. British Airways acquired the supersonic <a href="/wiki/Concorde" title="Concorde">Concorde</a> in 1976, operating it on <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_flight" title="Transatlantic flight">transatlantic services</a>. The same year it assumed sole operation of international flights to North America and Southeast Asia from rival <a href="/wiki/British_Caledonian" title="British Caledonian">British Caledonian</a>. The formation of <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic" title="Virgin Atlantic">Virgin Atlantic</a> in 1984 began a tense rivalry, which led to "one of the most bitter and protracted libel actions in aviation history".<a href="#cite_note-dirtytricks-1">[1]</a> Under the leadership of Chairman <a href="/wiki/John_King,_Baron_King_of_Wartnaby" title="John King, Baron King of Wartnaby">Sir John King</a> and CEO <a href="/wiki/Colin_Marshall,_Baron_Marshall_of_Knightsbridge" title="Colin Marshall, Baron Marshall of Knightsbridge">Colin Marshall</a>, British Airways was <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatised</a> in February 1987, and in July of the same year, it launched the controversial takeover of British Caledonian. Following privatisation, British Airways entered a period of rapid growth, leading to the use of the slogan "The World's Favourite Airline", and dominated its domestic rivals during the early 1990s. Faced with increased competition and higher costs in the mid-1990s, CEO Bob Ayling led a restructuring effort, leading to trade union clashes; the carrier also invested in regional European airlines, courted international airline partnerships, and attempted a controversial <a href="/wiki/British_Airways_ethnic_liveries" title="British Airways ethnic liveries">ethnic livery</a> rebranding campaign. In the early 2000s, CEO <a href="/wiki/Rod_Eddington" title="Rod Eddington">Rod Eddington</a> implemented further cost cuts, the retirement of Concorde, and the removal of ethnic liveries. Under <a href="/wiki/Willie_Walsh_(Irish_businessman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Willie Walsh (Irish businessman)">Willie Walsh</a>, who became CEO in 2005, British Airways faced a price-fixing scandal, moved its primary hub to <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Terminal_5" title="Heathrow Terminal 5">Heathrow Terminal 5</a>, and experienced threats of industrial action, leading to a strike in March 2010. On 8 April 2010, it was confirmed that British Airways and <a href="/wiki/Iberia_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberia Airlines">Iberia Airlines</a> had agreed to a merger, forming the <a href="/wiki/International_Airlines_Group" title="International Airlines Group">International Airlines Group</a>, although BA continues to operate under its own brand.<a href="#cite_note-BA_seals_long-awaited_Iberia_deal-2">[2]</a> The combined airline became the world's third-largest carrier (after <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a>) in terms of annual revenue. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066032864">.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>table{background:none;margin:0}@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .thumbinner table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .thumbinner caption{display:table-caption}}</style><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:200px;"> <table class="wikitable center"> <caption>Revenue Passenger-Kilometers, scheduled flights only, in millions </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Traffic </th></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td>25,463 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td>40,140 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td>41,103 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td>60,758 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td>93,860 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>118,890 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="reflist" style="text-align:left">Source: IATA World Air Transport</div> </div></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_and_formation">Origins and formation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins and formation">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Airways" title="Imperial Airways">Imperial Airways</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="British Airways Ltd.">British Airways Ltd.</a></div> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Transport" title="Handley Page Transport">Handley Page Transport</a> (1919) </td> <td class="clade-label first"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <a href="/wiki/Instone_Air_Line" title="Instone Air Line">Instone Air Line</a> (1919) </td> <td class="clade-label reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Airway" title="Daimler Airway">Daimler Airway</a> (1922) </td> <td class="clade-label reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <a href="/wiki/British_Marine_Air_Navigation_Co_Ltd" title="British Marine Air Navigation Co Ltd">British Marine Air Navigation Co Ltd</a> (1923) </td> <td class="clade-label reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Airways" title="Imperial Airways">Imperial Airways</a> (1924) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <a href="/wiki/Hillman%27s_Airways" title="Hillman's Airways">Hillman's Airways</a> (1931) </td> <td class="clade-label first"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <a href="/wiki/Spartan_Air_Lines" title="Spartan Air Lines">Spartan Air Lines</a> (1933) </td> <td class="clade-label reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <a href="/wiki/United_Airways_Limited" title="United Airways Limited">United Airways Limited</a> (1935) </td> <td class="clade-label reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td class="clade-label first">Allied British Airways (1935) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <a href="/wiki/British_Continental_Airways" title="British Continental Airways">British Continental Airways</a> (1935) </td> <td class="clade-label reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td class="clade-label reverse"><a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Ltd" title="British Airways Ltd">British Airways Ltd</a> (1936) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Airways_Corporation" title="British Overseas Airways Corporation">British Overseas Airways Corporation</a> (1939) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <a href="/wiki/British_South_American_Airways" title="British South American Airways">British South American Airways</a> (1946) </td> <td class="clade-label reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td class="clade-label first">1949 merger into BOAC </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <a href="/wiki/British_European_Airways" title="British European Airways">British European Airways</a> (1946) </td> <td class="clade-label first"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <a href="/wiki/Railway_Air_Services" title="Railway Air Services">Railway Air Services</a> (1934) </td> <td class="clade-label reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Air_Services" title="Isle of Man Air Services">Isle of Man Air Services</a> (1935) </td> <td class="clade-label reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <a href="/wiki/Highland_Airways_Limited" title="Highland Airways Limited">Highland Airways</a> (1933) </td> <td class="clade-label first"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf reverse"> <a href="/wiki/Northern_%26_Scottish_Airways" title="Northern & Scottish Airways">Northern & Scottish Airways</a> (1935) </td> <td class="clade-label reverse"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td class="clade-label reverse"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Airways" title="Scottish Airways">Scottish Airways</a> (1937) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td class="clade-label reverse">1947 nationalization into BEA </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/British_Airways" title="British Airways">British Airways</a> (1974) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Handley_Page_H.P.42_Hanno_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Handley_Page_H.P.42_Hanno_2.jpg/220px-Handley_Page_H.P.42_Hanno_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Handley_Page_H.P.42_Hanno_2.jpg/330px-Handley_Page_H.P.42_Hanno_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Handley_Page_H.P.42_Hanno_2.jpg/440px-Handley_Page_H.P.42_Hanno_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5029" data-file-height="2325" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Airways" title="Imperial Airways">Imperial Airways</a> <a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_H.P.42" title="Handley Page H.P.42">Handley Page H.P.42</a>. Hanno in 1931</figcaption></figure> On 31 March 1924, Britain's four pioneer airlines that started up in the immediate post war period—<a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Transport" title="Handley Page Transport">Handley Page Transport</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Marine_Air_Navigation_Co_Ltd" title="British Marine Air Navigation Co Ltd">British Marine Air Navigation Co Ltd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Airway" title="Daimler Airway">Daimler Airways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Instone_Air_Line" title="Instone Air Line">Instone Air Line</a>—joined to form Imperial Airways Limited,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> developing routes throughout the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> to India, some parts of Africa and later to <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, Australia.<a href="#cite_note-FI-4">[4]</a> Meanwhile, a number of smaller UK air transport companies had begun operating, and by 1935 many of these had merged to form the original privately owned <a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="British Airways Ltd.">British Airways Ltd.</a><a href="#cite_note-badir-5">[5]</a> Following a government review, Imperial Airways and British Airways were nationalised in November 1939 to form the <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Airways_Corporation" title="British Overseas Airways Corporation">British Overseas Airways Corporation</a> (BOAC).<a href="#cite_note-badir-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DH_Comet_1_BOAC_Heathrow_1953.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/DH_Comet_1_BOAC_Heathrow_1953.jpg/220px-DH_Comet_1_BOAC_Heathrow_1953.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/DH_Comet_1_BOAC_Heathrow_1953.jpg/330px-DH_Comet_1_BOAC_Heathrow_1953.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/DH_Comet_1_BOAC_Heathrow_1953.jpg/440px-DH_Comet_1_BOAC_Heathrow_1953.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="259" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/BOAC" class="mw-redirect" title="BOAC">BOAC</a> <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Comet_1" class="mw-redirect" title="De Havilland Comet 1">de Havilland Comet 1</a> at <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a> in 1953</figcaption></figure> Post-war, BOAC continued to operate the majority of long-haul services in Britain,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> other than routes to South America; these were flown by <a href="/wiki/British_South_American_Airways" title="British South American Airways">British South American Airways</a>, which was merged back into BOAC in 1949.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Continental European and domestic flights were flown by a new nationalised airline, <a href="/wiki/British_European_Airways_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British European Airways Corporation">British European Airways Corporation</a> (BEA), which compulsorily took over the scheduled services of existing UK independent airlines.<a href="#cite_note-FI-4">[4]</a> On 2 May 1952, BOAC became the world's first airline to operate jet airliners; the inaugural flight with the <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Comet" title="De Havilland Comet">de Havilland Comet</a> 1 was from London to <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> However, the Comet's service introduction was plagued by structural problems and accidents,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> leading to its withdrawal in 1954 and replacement with the upgraded Comet 4 models in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-badir-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:707,_Heathrow,_1960_(299296385).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/707%2C_Heathrow%2C_1960_%28299296385%29.jpg/220px-707%2C_Heathrow%2C_1960_%28299296385%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/707%2C_Heathrow%2C_1960_%28299296385%29.jpg/330px-707%2C_Heathrow%2C_1960_%28299296385%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/707%2C_Heathrow%2C_1960_%28299296385%29.jpg/440px-707%2C_Heathrow%2C_1960_%28299296385%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1146" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>BOAC <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707-400</a> at <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a> in 1960</figcaption></figure> The first attempt to create a new combined British airline through the merger of BOAC with BEA arose in 1953 out of inconclusive attempts between the two airlines to negotiate air rights through the British colony of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>. The Chairman of BOAC, Miles Thomas, was in favour of the idea as a potential solution to a disagreement between the two airlines as to which should serve the increasingly important oil regions of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. In this proposal, Thomas had backing from the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> at the time, <a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Rab Butler</a>. However, opposition from the Treasury blocked the idea, and an agreement was reached instead to allow BEA to serve Ankara in Turkey, and in return to leave all routes east and south of Cyprus to BOAC. However, the solution was not entirely satisfactory to BOAC, as BEA's effective control of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Airways" title="Cyprus Airways">Cyprus Airways</a> gave it the ability to continue to serve destinations ostensively ceded to BOAC, including Beirut and Cairo by using Cyprus Airways as its proxy.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In 1967, the government established a committee of inquiry into Civil Aviation under Sir Ronald Edwards. The Edwards Committee reported in 1969 and one of its recommendations was the formation of a National Air Holding Board to control finances and policies of the two corporations.<a href="#cite_note-times57549-17">[17]</a> The recommendation was enacted in 1971 with the passing of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Aviation_Act_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Aviation Act 1971">Civil Aviation Act 1971</a>, which formed a British Airways Board to control all the activities of BOAC and BEA, including the newly formed BEA Airtours subsidiary which targeted the emerging <a href="/wiki/Package_holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Package holiday">package holiday</a> business.<a href="#cite_note-act1971-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Consequently, in 1972 the BOAC and BEA managements were combined under the newly formed British Airways Board,<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> with the physical operations of the separate airlines coming together as British Airways on 1 April 1974, under the guidance of <a href="/wiki/David_Nicolson" title="David Nicolson">David Nicolson</a> as chairman of the board.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> At the time it was the biggest merger in the aviation industry,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> creating the world's largest network of routes for the new unified company to harness.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In 1975, British Airways was headquartered in the Victoria Terminal in London. Its international division was headquartered at Speedbird House by Heathrow Airport, while its European division was headquartered at Bealine House, <a href="/wiki/Ruislip" title="Ruislip">Ruislip</a>, Middlesex. The regional division was headquartered in Ruford House, <a href="/wiki/Hounslow" title="Hounslow">Hounslow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1970s:_Consolidation_and_Concorde">1970s: Consolidation and Concorde</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1970s: Consolidation and Concorde">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Concorde" title="Concorde">Concorde</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Airways_Trident_Three_G-AWZA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/British_Airways_Trident_Three_G-AWZA.jpg/220px-British_Airways_Trident_Three_G-AWZA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/British_Airways_Trident_Three_G-AWZA.jpg/330px-British_Airways_Trident_Three_G-AWZA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/British_Airways_Trident_Three_G-AWZA.jpg/440px-British_Airways_Trident_Three_G-AWZA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1892" data-file-height="984" /></a><figcaption>A British Airways <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Trident" title="Hawker Siddeley Trident">Hawker Siddeley Trident</a> in BEA-BA crossover livery.</figcaption></figure> The newly formed British Airways had inherited a mix of aircraft from its predecessors. It quickly retired the <a href="/wiki/Vickers_VC10" title="Vickers VC10">Standard VC10s</a> that had come from BOAC and the last <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Vanguard" title="Vickers Vanguard">Vickers Vanguards</a> from BEA.<a href="#cite_note-BA70s-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> It also ordered the <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_748" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawker Siddeley 748">Hawker Siddeley 748</a> for use on Scottish routes to enable the <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Viscount" title="Vickers Viscount">Vickers Viscount</a> to be retired.<a href="#cite_note-BA70s-27">[27]</a> The first <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1011" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed L-1011">Lockheed L-1011 TriStar</a> was delivered in October 1974, and introduced in January 1975;<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> more TriStars were ordered in following years.<a href="#cite_note-BA70s-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The management of British Airways resisted political pressure to purchase the new <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A300" title="Airbus A300">Airbus A300</a>, stating that it had no requirement for the aircraft;<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> this rejection complicated Britain's integration into the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Instead, the company planned to acquire American-made planes such as the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_757" title="Boeing 757">Boeing 757</a>;<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> in 1976 the British government approved the purchase of multiple <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737</a> aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> An innovation on 12 January 1975 was the British Airways Shuttle service from Heathrow to <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Airport" title="Glasgow Airport">Glasgow</a> (and later <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Airport" title="Edinburgh Airport">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Airport" title="Manchester Airport">Manchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belfast_International_Airport" title="Belfast International Airport">Belfast</a>), which allowed a walk-on no reservation service with a "guaranteed seat" – this latter feature facilitated by backup aircraft or sometimes transfers to British Midland flights.<a href="#cite_note-BA70s-27">[27]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Airways_Boeing_747-100_Fitzgerald.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/British_Airways_Boeing_747-100_Fitzgerald.jpg/220px-British_Airways_Boeing_747-100_Fitzgerald.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/British_Airways_Boeing_747-100_Fitzgerald.jpg/330px-British_Airways_Boeing_747-100_Fitzgerald.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/British_Airways_Boeing_747-100_Fitzgerald.jpg/440px-British_Airways_Boeing_747-100_Fitzgerald.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>British Airways <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747-100</a> at <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a> in 1976</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Trade" title="President of the Board of Trade">Secretary of State for Trade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Shore" title="Peter Shore">Peter Shore</a>, reviewed the Government's aviation policy and in 1976 announced a "spheres of influence" policy that ended dual designation for British airlines on all long-haul routes.<a href="#cite_note-review1-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-risk316_7-36">[36]</a> British Airways and <a href="/wiki/British_Caledonian" title="British Caledonian">British Caledonian</a>, the second-biggest airline in Britain, were no longer permitted to run competing scheduled flights on long-haul routes. British Caledonian had to withdraw from East Africa and from the London-New York and London-Los Angeles routes in favour of BA.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-widebody1-38">[38]</a> In return, British Caledonian became the sole British flag carrier to the entire South American mainland, taking over routes formerly served by British Airways to <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>.<a href="#cite_note-review1-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Concorde.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/British_Concorde.jpg/220px-British_Concorde.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/British_Concorde.jpg/330px-British_Concorde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/British_Concorde.jpg/440px-British_Concorde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption>British Airways <a href="/wiki/Concorde" title="Concorde">Concorde</a> at <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a> in 1980</figcaption></figure> In 1976, British Airways commenced flying <a href="/wiki/Concorde" title="Concorde">Concorde</a>, making it one of two airlines to own and operate the <a href="/wiki/Supersonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Supersonic">supersonic</a> Aerospatiale-BAC airliner.<a href="#cite_note-BA70s-27">[27]</a> Simultaneously with <a href="/wiki/Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Concordeintro3-40">[40]</a> BA inaugurated the world's first supersonic passenger service on 21 January,<a href="#cite_note-Concordeintro-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Concordeintro2-42">[42]</a> a daily service between Heathrow and <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">New York</a> becoming one of the airline's hallmarks.<a href="#cite_note-Concordeintro4-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Concordefacts-44">[44]</a> Initially, Concorde was a financial burden,<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> required of the national carrier by the government, and it attracted criticism from the press as a white elephant.<a href="#cite_note-concewhitele-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Several significant destinations suggested for Concorde, such as Tokyo, Japan, and Sydney, Australia never emerged as viable in reality.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In 1981, <a href="/wiki/John_King,_Baron_King_of_Wartnaby" title="John King, Baron King of Wartnaby">Sir John King</a>, later Lord King, was appointed Chairman of British Airways with the mission of preparing the airline for privatisation.<a href="#cite_note-badir-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-BA70s-27">[27]</a> King recognised the prestige that Concorde brought to the airline,<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> purchased them outright from the government, and was turning a profit within a year.<a href="#cite_note-concewhitele-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Why_economists-51">[51]</a> According to British Airways' management the aircraft broke even on flights holding around 40–45% of passenger capacity; in 1985 the average passenger capacity in use per flight was at 65%.<a href="#cite_note-concstyle-52">[52]</a> BA used Concorde to win business customers,<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> guaranteeing a certain number of Concorde upgrades in return for corporate accounts with the airline—a key factor in winning business from transatlantic competitors. Although the carrier did not disclose specific numbers, media reports estimated that the Heathrow to New York service made an annual £20 million operating profit by the early 2000s (decade).<a href="#cite_note-Why_economists-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1980s:_Privatisation_and_dirty_tricks">1980s: Privatisation and dirty tricks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1980s: Privatisation and dirty tricks">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BritishAirways1980soffices.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/BritishAirways1980soffices.png/220px-BritishAirways1980soffices.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/BritishAirways1980soffices.png/330px-BritishAirways1980soffices.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/BritishAirways1980soffices.png/440px-BritishAirways1980soffices.png 2x" data-file-width="1225" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>British Airways main office at Heathrow Airport in the 1980s</figcaption></figure> As British Airways headed towards privatisation,<a href="#cite_note-badir-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-BA70s-27">[27]</a> Sir John King hired <a href="/wiki/Colin_Marshall,_Baron_Marshall_of_Knightsbridge" title="Colin Marshall, Baron Marshall of Knightsbridge">Colin Marshall</a> as CEO in 1983. King was credited with transforming the loss-making giant into one of the most profitable air carriers in the world, boldly claiming to be "The World's Favourite Airline", while many other large airlines struggled.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The airline's fleet and route map were overhauled in the early years of King's tenure,<a href="#cite_note-badir-5">[5]</a> with brand and advertising experts being recruited to change the airline's image.<a href="#cite_note-badir-5">[5]</a> Over 23,000 jobs were shed in the early 1980s,<a href="#cite_note-badir-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> though King managed the considerable trick of boosting staff morale and modernising operations at the same time.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Offering generous inducements for staff to leave led to record losses of £545 million, to the cost of taxpayers but to the benefit of the future privatised company.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> At Marshall's direction, the airline consolidated most of its long-haul operations in 1986,<a href="#cite_note-BA80s-60">[60]</a> including Concorde services,<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> at the newly constructed <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Terminal_4" title="Heathrow Terminal 4">Heathrow Terminal 4</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Terminal 4 would remain as BA's hub at Heathrow Airport for the next 22 years.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Due in part to a recession and rising fuel prices,<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> aircraft such as the <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Trident" title="Hawker Siddeley Trident">Hawker Siddeley Trident</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Super_VC10" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers Super VC10">Vickers Super VC10</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707</a> were quickly phased out of service,<a href="#cite_note-BA80s-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> and planes such as the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737</a> were acquired in their place.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-BA_LGW_Fleet-69">[69]</a> In an effort to increase the use of the operational Concorde fleet,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> King allowed the planes to be chartered for special services.<a href="#cite_note-concstyle-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Concorde services to <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Airlines" title="Singapore Airlines">Singapore Airlines</a> began, in addition to a service to <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a> by 1984.<a href="#cite_note-BA70s-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-BA80s-60">[60]</a> In the 1980s, British Airways regarded Concorde as its flagship, both prestigious and profitable. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BAC_111_510.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/BAC_111_510.jpg/220px-BAC_111_510.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/BAC_111_510.jpg/330px-BAC_111_510.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/BAC_111_510.jpg/440px-BAC_111_510.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption>British Airways <a href="/wiki/BAC_One-Eleven" title="BAC One-Eleven">BAC One-Eleven</a> in Landor livery at the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum_Duxford" title="Imperial War Museum Duxford">Imperial War Museum Duxford</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Airways_Lockheed_L-1011-385-1_TriStar_1_Gilliand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/British_Airways_Lockheed_L-1011-385-1_TriStar_1_Gilliand.jpg/220px-British_Airways_Lockheed_L-1011-385-1_TriStar_1_Gilliand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/British_Airways_Lockheed_L-1011-385-1_TriStar_1_Gilliand.jpg/330px-British_Airways_Lockheed_L-1011-385-1_TriStar_1_Gilliand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/British_Airways_Lockheed_L-1011-385-1_TriStar_1_Gilliand.jpg/440px-British_Airways_Lockheed_L-1011-385-1_TriStar_1_Gilliand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="903" /></a><figcaption>British Airways <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1011" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed L-1011">L-1011 TriStar</a> in 1984–1997 Landor livery in 1986</figcaption></figure> The flag carrier was privatised and floated on the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a> in February 1987 by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Thatcher_ministry" title="Second Thatcher ministry">Thatcher government</a>,<a href="#cite_note-badir-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-BA80s-60">[60]</a> the initial share offering was nine times oversubscribed.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The privatisation of British Airways was regarded as very successful by industry observers, perhaps the most successful of a series of companies divested by the state in this era.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Four months later, in July 1987, BA announced the controversial takeover of Britain's "second" airline, <a href="/wiki/British_Caledonian" title="British Caledonian">British Caledonian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-ch3-75">[75]</a> The acquisition led to concerns regarding competition;<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> within the industry it was widely acknowledged as a mutually agreed rescue deal to avoid the latter's collapse.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> The Caledonian name was kept alive, the charter subsidiary <a href="/wiki/British_Airtours" title="British Airtours">British Airtours</a> being rebranded as <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Airways_(1988)" title="Caledonian Airways (1988)">Caledonian Airways</a>. In 1992, BA absorbed <a href="/wiki/Gatwick_Airport" title="Gatwick Airport">Gatwick</a>-based British carrier <a href="/wiki/Dan-Air" title="Dan-Air">Dan-Air</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Soon after British Airways' privatisation, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic" title="Virgin Atlantic">Virgin Atlantic</a> began to emerge as a competitor on some of BA's most lucrative routes.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Following Virgin's highly publicised mercy mission to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> to fly home hostages of <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> in 1991,<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> King is reported to have told Marshall and his PA Director <a href="/wiki/David_Burnside" title="David Burnside">David Burnside</a> to "do something about Branson".<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> This began the campaign of "<a href="/wiki/Dirty_Tricks_(British_Airways_scandal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirty Tricks (British Airways scandal)">dirty tricks</a>" that ended in Branson suing King and British Airways for <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">libel</a> in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> King countersued Branson and the case went to trial in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> British Airways, faced with likely defeat, settled the case, giving £500,000 to Branson and a further £110,000 to his airline; furthermore, BA was to pay the legal fees of up to £3 million.<a href="#cite_note-dirtytricks-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Branson divided the compensation among his staff, the so-called "BA bonus".<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> British Airways and Virgin Atlantic continued to be noticeably bitter and active rivals for many years afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1990s:_Changes,_subsidiaries_and_growth">1990s: Changes, subsidiaries and growth</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1990s: Changes, subsidiaries and growth">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BRITISH_ASIA_AIRWAYS_B747-436_(G-BNLZ27091964).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/BRITISH_ASIA_AIRWAYS_B747-436_%28G-BNLZ27091964%29.jpg/220px-BRITISH_ASIA_AIRWAYS_B747-436_%28G-BNLZ27091964%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/BRITISH_ASIA_AIRWAYS_B747-436_%28G-BNLZ27091964%29.jpg/330px-BRITISH_ASIA_AIRWAYS_B747-436_%28G-BNLZ27091964%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/BRITISH_ASIA_AIRWAYS_B747-436_%28G-BNLZ27091964%29.jpg/440px-BRITISH_ASIA_AIRWAYS_B747-436_%28G-BNLZ27091964%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4116" data-file-height="1925" /></a><figcaption>British Asia Airways <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-400" title="Boeing 747-400">Boeing 747-400</a> in Landor livery variant at <a href="/wiki/Narita_International_Airport" title="Narita International Airport">Narita International Airport</a> in the 1990s</figcaption></figure> During the 1990s, British Airways became the world's most profitable airline under the slogan "The World's Favourite Airline".<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In 1992, it bought the small German domestic airline Delta Air Transport and renamed it <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche BA">Deutsche BA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> By the time it was sold in June 2003, Deutsche BA was operating 16 Boeing 737s and had 800 staff.<a href="#cite_note-FI1-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> British Airways also entered the French market in 1994 by purchasing a 49.9% stake in <a href="/wiki/TAT_European_Airlines" title="TAT European Airlines">TAT European Airlines</a>,<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> and 70% of <a href="/wiki/Air_Libert%C3%A9" title="Air Liberté">Air Liberté</a> in 1997,<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> seeking to challenge the dominance of <a href="/wiki/Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> 1993 was a highly significant year of expansion and change for British Airways,<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> as it purchased a 25% stake in Australian airline <a href="/wiki/Qantas" title="Qantas">Qantas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> a 24% stake in American airline <a href="/wiki/US_Airways" title="US Airways">USAir</a>,<a href="#cite_note-USAirdisc-102">[102]</a> and wholly acquired <a href="/wiki/Brymon_Airways" title="Brymon Airways">Brymon Airways</a> to form <a href="/wiki/BA_Connect" title="BA Connect">BA Connect</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rigasbook-103">[103]</a> BA had planned to acquire as much as a 44% share in USAir, but backed down following a lack of approval from the US government;<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> developing a significantly larger presence in the North American market remained a major priority of British Airways throughout the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Another crucial event in 1993 occurred as BA formed <a href="/wiki/British_Asia_Airways" title="British Asia Airways">British Asia Airways</a>, a subsidiary based in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>), to operate between London and <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Owing to <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Republic_of_China#Air_links" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the Republic of China">political sensitivities</a>,<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> British Asia Airways had not only a different name but also a different livery, the Union Flag <a href="/wiki/Vertical_stabilizer" title="Vertical stabilizer">tailfin</a> being replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese character">Chinese characters</a> 英亞 (English Asia). Perhaps the most symbolic change to British Airways in the turbulent year of 1993 came when <a href="/wiki/John_King,_Baron_King_of_Wartnaby" title="John King, Baron King of Wartnaby">Lord King</a> stepped down as chairman of the company and was replaced by former deputy <a href="/wiki/Colin_Marshall,_Baron_Marshall_of_Knightsbridge" title="Colin Marshall, Baron Marshall of Knightsbridge">Colin Marshall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ayling" title="Robert Ayling">Bob Ayling</a>, who later took on the role of CEO, was appointed <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">Managing Director</a> by Marshall. Lord King was appointed as President of British Airways,<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> a role created specifically for him and which he retained until his death in July 2005.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> In 1995, British Airways began planning for its future corporate headquarters at Harmondsworth Moor,<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> to supplant its then-headquarters at Speedbird House at Heathrow Airport.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Airways_Boeing_777-200_G-ZZZA_Gilliand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/British_Airways_Boeing_777-200_G-ZZZA_Gilliand.jpg/220px-British_Airways_Boeing_777-200_G-ZZZA_Gilliand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/British_Airways_Boeing_777-200_G-ZZZA_Gilliand.jpg/330px-British_Airways_Boeing_777-200_G-ZZZA_Gilliand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/British_Airways_Boeing_777-200_G-ZZZA_Gilliand.jpg/440px-British_Airways_Boeing_777-200_G-ZZZA_Gilliand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1140" /></a><figcaption>British Airways <a href="/wiki/Boeing_777" title="Boeing 777">Boeing 777-200</a> in Landor livery in 1996</figcaption></figure> British Airways also used some of its prosperity to upgrade and replace much of its fleet. Aircraft acquisitions included the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-400" title="Boeing 747-400">Boeing 747-400</a> and<a href="#cite_note-BAfleerenew-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_777" title="Boeing 777">Boeing 777</a>,<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> aimed to phase out the remaining <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1011_TriStar" title="Lockheed L-1011 TriStar">Lockheed L-1011 TriStars</a> and <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">McDonnell Douglas DC-10s</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BAfleerenew-116">[116]</a> Six of the disposed TriStars ended up seeing service as <a href="/wiki/Midair_refueling" class="mw-redirect" title="Midair refueling">aerial refuelling tankers</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Frawley_Military-120">[120]</a> Another acquisition was BA's first purchase from <a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A320">A320</a> aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> In 1995, British Airways signed a franchise agreement with <a href="/wiki/GB_Airways" title="GB Airways">GB Airways</a>, the airline at the time had been operating flights to holiday destinations for a number of years from Gatwick. The agreement was set to last until 2010 and the airline would operate all aircraft under the British Airways brand. By the time that GB Airways was sold to <a href="/wiki/EasyJet" title="EasyJet">EasyJet</a> in 2007<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> GB Airways had grown to operations out of Gatwick, London Heathrow, Manchester, <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Airport" title="Bristol Airport">Bristol</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Airport" title="East Midlands Airport">East Midlands Airport</a>, the deal was worth £103.5 million. The franchise agreement ended on 29 March 2008. A new source of competition emerged during the 1990s in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Budget_airline" class="mw-redirect" title="Budget airline">budget airline</a>; new companies such as <a href="/wiki/Ryanair" title="Ryanair">Ryanair</a> and <a href="/wiki/EasyJet" title="EasyJet">EasyJet</a> emerged,<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> rising to prominence using a <a href="/wiki/No-frills" class="mw-redirect" title="No-frills">no-frills</a> and low-price approach to gain marketshare from the traditional carriers.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> In the wake of deregulation, these airline companies would prove to be an increasing source of competition domestically to British Airways.<a href="#cite_note-British_Airways_Traffic_Statistics-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> A small handful of short routes also came under pressure from modern <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a> systems, such as the <a href="/wiki/Eurostar" title="Eurostar">Eurostar</a> service between London, Paris, and <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1996:_Bob_Ayling_era">1996: Bob Ayling era</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1996: Bob Ayling era">edit</a>]</div> In 1996, British Airways, with its newly appointed CEO Bob Ayling, entered a period of financial turbulence due to increased competition, high oil prices,<a href="#cite_note-baprofile-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> and a strong pound.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The airline's management clashed with trade unions over planned changes, Ayling taking a hardline stance;<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> the resulting disruption from the confrontations cost the company hundreds of millions of pounds.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-aylingquits-136">[136]</a> With several strikes and BA's restructuring plans stalling,<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> investors became frustrated. Over time, the company was seen as being less active and successful than its peak in 1993, causing its share value to suffer.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> In 1996, relations between British Airways and <a href="/wiki/US_Airways" title="US Airways">USAir</a>, in which BA held a stake then valued at $500 million, soured,<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> despite Ayling's preference to "remain a major investor in USAir",<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> and BA later sold its share in the company.<a href="#cite_note-USAirdisc-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Ayling had also pursued partnership and antitrust immunity with American Airlines,<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> however this was unsuccessful due to the conditions placed on the deal by regulatory authorities,<a href="#cite_note-rigas67-147">[147]</a> the most painful of which would have been the sacrifice of <a href="/wiki/Landing_slot" class="mw-redirect" title="Landing slot">landing slots</a> at Heathrow,<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> and in part caused the breakdown of the partnership with USAir as well.<a href="#cite_note-rigas67-147">[147]</a> In 1997, Ayling dropped BA's traditional Union Flag tailfin livery in favour of <a href="/wiki/British_Airways_ethnic_liveries" title="British Airways ethnic liveries">world design tailfins</a>,<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> in an effort to change the airline's image to be more cosmopolitan; several members of the senior management had expressed negative opinions of nationalism within the company.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> This move quickly came under fire by the media for making hundreds of employees redundant while squandering money on expensive rebranding.<a href="#cite_note-aylingquits-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Several influential figures, such as former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, spoke out against abandoning the Union Flag scheme and BA turning its back on the nation.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> British Airways' long-time rival, <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Atlantic" title="Virgin Atlantic">Virgin Atlantic</a>, took advantage of BA's public relations blunder and adopted the British flag along with the slogan "Britain's national flagcarrier", recognising the value and prestige of bearing the flag.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Ayling eventually declaring the fleet would sport a dual livery; half Union Flag, half the world design tailfins. On 6 June 1999, he announced that all newly delivered and overhauled BA planes would bear the Union Flag, based on a design first used on Concorde; the cosmopolitan scheme was abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-britflag-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:18%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> We fly the British Flag, not these awful things. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Margaret Thatcher<a href="#cite_note-Buckingham-158">[158]</a></cite> </div> Benefits during Ayling's leadership included cost savings of £750 million<a href="#cite_note-aylingquits-136">[136]</a> and the establishment of the successful, but highly subsidised, <a href="/wiki/Go_Fly" class="mw-redirect" title="Go Fly">Go</a> in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Go was a <a href="/wiki/Low-cost_carrier" title="Low-cost carrier">low-cost carrier</a> intended to compete in the rapidly emerging "no-frills" segment.<a href="#cite_note-baprofile-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> After four years of successful operations British Airways searched for a buyer for Go,<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> eventually the airline was sold off to venture capitalists <a href="/wiki/3i" title="3i">3i</a> and later merged with <a href="/wiki/EasyJet" title="EasyJet">EasyJet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Ayling also sought a reduction of capacity,<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> cancelling Boeing 747-400 orders in favour of the Boeing 777-200ER and rationalising BA's short-haul fleet with new Airbus A320 aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> However, BA began discussions with Airbus for the eventual procurement of the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A380" title="Airbus A380">Airbus A380</a>, a very large passenger jet.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> In September 1998, British Airways became a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Oneworld" title="Oneworld">Oneworld</a> global airline alliance, along with American Airlines, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Airlines" title="Canadian Airlines">Canadian Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cathay_Pacific" title="Cathay Pacific">Cathay Pacific</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Qantas" title="Qantas">Qantas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ow-166">[166]</a> As part of the marketing alliance, member airlines combined <a href="/wiki/Frequent-flyer_program" title="Frequent-flyer program">frequent-flyer program</a> benefits and streamlined inter-airline connections.<a href="#cite_note-ow-166">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/Waterside_(building)" title="Waterside (building)">Waterside</a>, the current British Airways head office, officially opened in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> In late 1999 British Airways agreed to another franchise agreement with the small Dutch regional airline Base Regional Airlines. The airline operated out of <a href="/wiki/Eindhoven_Airport" title="Eindhoven Airport">Eindhoven Airport</a> to six destinations across Europe including Hamburg, Zurich, and London Heathrow. The franchise agreement was the third to be made with an international airline since <a href="/wiki/Comair_(South_Africa)" title="Comair (South Africa)">Comair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sun_Air_of_Scandinavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Air of Scandinavia">Sun Air of Scandinavia</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2000:_Rod_Eddington_era">2000: Rod Eddington era</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2000: Rod Eddington era">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:190eq_-_British_Airways_Boeing_747-400;_G-CIVN@LHR;05.10.2002_(8046956161).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/190eq_-_British_Airways_Boeing_747-400%3B_G-CIVN%40LHR%3B05.10.2002_%288046956161%29.jpg/220px-190eq_-_British_Airways_Boeing_747-400%3B_G-CIVN%40LHR%3B05.10.2002_%288046956161%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/190eq_-_British_Airways_Boeing_747-400%3B_G-CIVN%40LHR%3B05.10.2002_%288046956161%29.jpg/330px-190eq_-_British_Airways_Boeing_747-400%3B_G-CIVN%40LHR%3B05.10.2002_%288046956161%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/190eq_-_British_Airways_Boeing_747-400%3B_G-CIVN%40LHR%3B05.10.2002_%288046956161%29.jpg/440px-190eq_-_British_Airways_Boeing_747-400%3B_G-CIVN%40LHR%3B05.10.2002_%288046956161%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4502" data-file-height="3084" /></a><figcaption>British Airways <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-400" title="Boeing 747-400">Boeing 747-400</a> with ethnic livery</figcaption></figure> In 1999, British Airways reported a 50% drop in profits, its worst since privatisation.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> This was compounded by the majority of BA subsidiary companies running at heavy losses as well; the company reacted by selling several.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> In March 2000, Bob Ayling was removed from his position and, in May, British Airways announced <a href="/wiki/Rod_Eddington" title="Rod Eddington">Rod Eddington</a> as his successor. Eddington set about the termination of several investment programs, such as in <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Airways" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Airways">Olympic Airways</a>,<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> and cutting the workforce, the process being taken still further in response to the slump caused by the <a href="/wiki/11_September_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="11 September attacks">9/11 attacks</a> in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-baprofile-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> BA's share price dropped from 760p in May 1997 to only 150p in September 2001, showing how heavily the company had been hit.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> With the crash of <a href="/wiki/Air_France_Flight_4590" title="Air France Flight 4590">Air France Flight 4590</a> in 2000,<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> 9/11, and escalating maintenance costs,<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> the future of Concorde was limited, despite expensive safety modifications made after the Air France accident. It was announced on 10 April 2003 that in October that year BA would cease scheduled services with Concorde, due to depressed passenger numbers.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> The last commercial Concorde flight from New York to London was on 24 October 2003.<a href="#cite_note-Concordefacts-44">[44]</a> The airline retained ownership of eight Concordes, which were placed on long-term loan to museums in the UK, U.S. and Barbados.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> During Eddington's leadership, there were several other fleet changes. A publicly well-received decision of Eddington's was to completely end the use of ethnic liveries on aircraft, announcing in May 2001 that all of BA's fleet would be repainted in a variant of the Union Flag design used on Concorde.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> All <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-200" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 747-200">Boeing 747-200s</a> and older <a href="/wiki/Boeing_767" title="Boeing 767">Boeing 767</a> aircraft were retired in 2001 and 2002 in an effort to cut costs,<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> and interest was expressed in the upcoming <a href="/wiki/Boeing_7E7" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 7E7">Boeing 7E7</a> and the since-cancelled <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Sonic_Cruiser" title="Boeing Sonic Cruiser">Boeing Sonic Cruiser</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> In late 2001 the franchise agreement with Base Regional Airlines was ended after just over two years of operations, the airline had filed for bankruptcy and ceased operations. From 2002, BA strongly marketed the full-service nature of its remaining domestic flights<a href="#cite_note-fullservice-186">[186]</a> by the use of principal airports, and provision of complimentary food and drink.<a href="#cite_note-fullservice-186">[186]</a> This came as a response to low-cost operators' aggressive pricing,<a href="#cite_note-fullservice-186">[186]</a> even though its main full-service UK rival <a href="/wiki/BMI_(airline)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMI (airline)">bmi</a> later also abandoned some "frills" on its domestic network. In June 2003, the German subsidiary, Deutsche BA, was sold to investment group Intro Verwaltungsgesellschaft.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> On 8 September 2004, British Airways announced that it was to sell its 18.5% stake in <a href="/wiki/Qantas" title="Qantas">Qantas</a>, but would continue the alliance (such as sharing revenue), particularly on the <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_Route" title="Kangaroo Route">Kangaroo Route</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> The £425 million raised was used to reduce the airline's debt.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Lord Marshall, who had been appointed a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a> in 1998, retired as chairman in July 2004 and was replaced by Martin Broughton, former Chairman of <a href="/wiki/British_American_Tobacco" title="British American Tobacco">British American Tobacco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> On 8 March 2005, Broughton announced that former <a href="/wiki/Aer_Lingus" title="Aer Lingus">Aer Lingus</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Willie_Walsh_(Irish_businessman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Willie Walsh (Irish businessman)">Willie Walsh</a> would take over from Rod Eddington upon his retirement in September 2005. Walsh pledged to retain the full-service model on its much reduced UK network as a means of distinguishing BA from the competition, and that customers were willing to pay extra for higher service levels.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2005:_Willie_Walsh_era">2005: Willie Walsh era</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2005: Willie Walsh era">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oneworld_BA_G-CIVP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Oneworld_BA_G-CIVP.jpg/220px-Oneworld_BA_G-CIVP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Oneworld_BA_G-CIVP.jpg/330px-Oneworld_BA_G-CIVP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Oneworld_BA_G-CIVP.jpg/440px-Oneworld_BA_G-CIVP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1631" /></a><figcaption>British Airways Boeing 747-400 in <a href="/wiki/Oneworld" title="Oneworld">Oneworld</a> livery at Heathrow Airport</figcaption></figure> In September 2005, new CEO Willie Walsh announced dramatic changes to the management of British Airways, with the aim of saving £300 million by 2008, the cost of the airline's move to its new hub at Heathrow's Terminal 5.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Walsh presided over the sale of <a href="/wiki/BA_Connect" title="BA Connect">BA Connect</a> to Flybe, stating "Despite the best efforts of the entire team at BA Connect, we do not see any prospect of profitability in its current form."<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> BA retained a 15% stake in Flybe following the sale.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> In June 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Fair_Trading" title="Office of Fair Trading">Office of Fair Trading</a> (OFT) and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> (DOJ) began investigating allegations that BA was <a href="/wiki/Price-fixing" class="mw-redirect" title="Price-fixing">price-fixing</a> fuel surcharges on long haul flights.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> The allegations first came to light when Virgin Atlantic reported the events to the authorities after it found staff members from BA and Virgin Atlantic were colluding. Virgin Atlantic was later granted immunity by both the OFT and DOJ. The price-fixing probe led to the resignation of commercial director Martin George and communications chief Iain Burns.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:22%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Although I did not have any direct contact with BA in relation to passenger fuel surcharges, I regret that, on becoming aware of the discussions, I did not take steps to stop them. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Steve Ridgway, CEO of Virgin Atlantic<a href="#cite_note-Osborne-199">[199]</a></cite> </div> On 1 August 2007, British Airways was fined £121.5 million for price-fixing by the OFT, and the US DOJ subsequently announced that it would also fine British Airways US$300 million (£148 million) for price-fixing.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> Although BA said fuel surcharges were "a legitimate way of recovering costs", in May 2007 it had put aside £350 million for legal fees and fines.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> In July 2009 Steve Ridgway, the CEO of Virgin Atlantic, admitted he knew about the illegal price-fixing at his airline and did nothing to stop it.<a href="#cite_note-Osborne-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> In January 2008, BA unveiled its new subsidiary <a href="/wiki/OpenSkies" title="OpenSkies">OpenSkies</a> which took advantage of the liberalisation of transatlantic traffic rights, flying non-stop between major European cities and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> Operations between Paris and New York began with a single Boeing 757 in June 2008.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> On 2 July 2008 British Airways announced that it had agreed to buy French airline <a href="/wiki/L%27Avion" title="L'Avion">L'Avion</a> for £54 million. L'Avion was fully integrated with OpenSkies in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-lavion-205">[205]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OpenSkies_Boeing_757-230_Kustov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/OpenSkies_Boeing_757-230_Kustov.jpg/220px-OpenSkies_Boeing_757-230_Kustov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/OpenSkies_Boeing_757-230_Kustov.jpg/330px-OpenSkies_Boeing_757-230_Kustov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/OpenSkies_Boeing_757-230_Kustov.jpg/440px-OpenSkies_Boeing_757-230_Kustov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1395" data-file-height="875" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/OpenSkies" title="OpenSkies">OpenSkies</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeing_757" title="Boeing 757">Boeing 757-200</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sheremetyevo_International_Airport" title="Sheremetyevo International Airport">Sheremetyevo International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> On 14 March 2008 <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Terminal_5" title="Heathrow Terminal 5">Heathrow Terminal 5</a>, built exclusively for the use of British Airways at a cost of £4.3 billion, was officially opened by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom">Queen Elizabeth II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbcop-206">[206]</a> Upon opening to passengers on 27 March 2008 serious problems immediately arose, many from staff confusion.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Baggage_handling_system" title="Baggage handling system">baggage handling system</a> failed completely, resulting in seven flights departing with no baggage loaded.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> In the first five days, a backlog of 28,000 bags built up and over 300 flights were cancelled.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> Walsh commented that it "was not our finest hour ... <a href="/wiki/Buck_passing" title="Buck passing">the buck stops with me</a>". Two directors left BA in April 2008 over the troubled transition to Terminal 5. Walsh also declined his annual bonus over Terminal 5, despite record profits overall.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> By October 2008 Terminal 5 operations has settled and further long-haul flights were transferred over.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2009:_Financial_difficulties,_disruptions_and_merger">2009: Financial difficulties, disruptions and merger</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2009: Financial difficulties, disruptions and merger">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terminal_5_at_London_Heathrow_Airport,_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Terminal_5_at_London_Heathrow_Airport%2C_2008.jpg/220px-Terminal_5_at_London_Heathrow_Airport%2C_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Terminal_5_at_London_Heathrow_Airport%2C_2008.jpg/330px-Terminal_5_at_London_Heathrow_Airport%2C_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Terminal_5_at_London_Heathrow_Airport%2C_2008.jpg/440px-Terminal_5_at_London_Heathrow_Airport%2C_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1669" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>Since 2008, most British Airways operations have been based at <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Terminal_5" title="Heathrow Terminal 5">Heathrow Terminal 5</a></figcaption></figure> On 30 July 2008, British Airways and <a href="/wiki/Iberia_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberia Airlines">Iberia Airlines</a> announced a merger plan that would result in the two airlines joining forces in an all-stock transaction. The two airlines would retain their separate brands similar to <a href="/wiki/KLM" title="KLM">KLM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a> in their merger agreement.<a href="#cite_note-baiberiamerger-212">[212]</a> In the beginning of August 2008, <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a> announced an alliance with BA and Iberia, allowing the two carriers to fix fares, routes, and schedules together.<a href="#cite_note-BA/AA-213">[213]</a> In addition to merger talks with Iberia, it was announced on 2 December 2008 that British Airways was discussing a merger with <a href="/wiki/Qantas" title="Qantas">Qantas</a>. If British Airways, Iberia and Qantas were to combine as one company it would be the largest airline in the world.<a href="#cite_note-qantastalks-214">[214]</a> However, on 18 December 2008, the talks with Qantas ended due to issues over ownership.<a href="#cite_note-qantastalksend-215">[215]</a> In November 2010, BA was fined €104 million by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> following an investigation into price-fixing.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:26%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Aviation remains in recession ... We were quick to respond to the crisis by taking out excess capacity and, at the same time, driving down unit costs by 5.2 per cent ... With revenue likely to be £1 billion lower this year, we can't stand still and further cost reduction is essential. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Willie Walsh, CEO of British Airways<a href="#cite_note-Buckingham-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a></cite> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Airways_Iberia_aircraft_tails_BA_IB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/British_Airways_Iberia_aircraft_tails_BA_IB.jpg/220px-British_Airways_Iberia_aircraft_tails_BA_IB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/British_Airways_Iberia_aircraft_tails_BA_IB.jpg/330px-British_Airways_Iberia_aircraft_tails_BA_IB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/British_Airways_Iberia_aircraft_tails_BA_IB.jpg/440px-British_Airways_Iberia_aircraft_tails_BA_IB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>British Airways and Iberia announced their merger in April 2010, creating the <a href="/wiki/International_Airlines_Group" title="International Airlines Group">International Airlines Group</a></figcaption></figure> In June 2009, British Airways contacted some 30,000 employees in the United Kingdom, including Walsh, asking them to work without pay over a period of between one week and one month to save money.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> On 6 November 2009 the worst ever half-year loss in British Airways' history was reported to the public.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> A <a href="/wiki/High_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court">High Court</a> decision sided with BA against <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">union</a> opposition to restructuring plans, including a reduction in cabin crew in November 2009.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> On 14 December 2009 cabin crew at British Airways voted in favour of strike action over the Christmas period over job cuts and contract changes.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> On 17 December the ballot was ruled invalid by the <a href="/wiki/High_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court">High Court</a> due to voting irregularities, thus the strike did not take place.<a href="#cite_note-BBC17Dec2009-224">[224]</a> On 6 March 2010 <a href="/wiki/Unite_(trade_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Unite (trade union)">Unite</a> announced further strike action.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> More than 80 planes were grounded at <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a> on the first day; however, British Airways officials stated that 65% of flights were undisturbed.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> On 8 April 2010, it was confirmed British Airways and Iberia Airlines had agreed to merge,<a href="#cite_note-British_Airways_and_Iberia_sign_merger_agreement-227">[227]</a> making the combined commercial airline the third largest in the world by revenue.<a href="#cite_note-BA_seals_long-awaited_Iberia_deal-2">[2]</a> The newly merged company is known as <a href="/wiki/International_Airlines_Group" title="International Airlines Group">International Airlines Group</a>, both airlines continue to operate under their current brands.<a href="#cite_note-British_Airways_and_Iberia_sign_merger_agreement-227">[227]</a> The merger is believed to be worth approximately £5 billion, the new group has over 400 aircraft and flies to over 200 destinations across the world.<a href="#cite_note-Merged_BA_to_be_renamed_International_Airlines-228">[228]</a> As part of the deal, British Airways shareholders took a 55% stake in the company, headquartered in London, with the remainder owned by Iberia.<a href="#cite_note-British_Airways_and_Iberia_sign_merger_agreement-227">[227]</a> Industry analysts have speculated that the merger makes a three-way tie-in with American Airlines more likely.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> Across April and May 2010, much of Western and Northern Europe had their airspace closed due to huge density ash clouds from the erupting <a href="/wiki/Eyjafjallaj%C3%B6kull_volcano" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyjafjallajökull volcano">Eyjafjallajökull volcano</a> in Iceland. It was feared that aircraft could be damaged or could even crash due to engine ingestion of volcanic ash,<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> as had famously troubled <a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Flight_9" class="mw-redirect" title="British Airways Flight 9">British Airways Flight 9</a> in 1982.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> This affected all airlines operating within British airspace, leading to strong objections from companies such as Ryanair.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> Flights progressively restarted as the ash levels declined.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> On 4 October 2010, to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_757" title="Boeing 757">Boeing 757</a> fleet's retirement after 27 years, British Airways unveiled one of the 757s (G-CPET) in a "retro" Negus & Negus livery. This aircraft conducted its last passenger flight on 6 November 2010, the proceeds of which went to the charity Flying Start the charity partnership between British Airways and Comic Relief.<a href="#cite_note-Flight348135-235">[235]</a> In May 2017, BA's entire fleet was grounded for two days, due to a failure of their IT system, which the company believed to be caused by too many cutbacks in the company. In response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, in July 2020 BA announced it planned to make 12,000 staff redundant.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> It also brought forward the retirement of its 31 <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-400" title="Boeing 747-400">Boeing 747-400s</a>, with all retired with immediate effect.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liveries_and_logos">Liveries and logos</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Liveries and logos">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hybrid/transition_liveries">Hybrid/transition liveries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hybrid/transition liveries">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 234px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 232px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_747-136,_British_Airways_AN1861141.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ex-BOAC Boeing 747 with "British airways" branding and Speedbird tail"><img alt="ex-BOAC Boeing 747 with "British airways" branding and Speedbird tail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Boeing_747-136%2C_British_Airways_AN1861141.jpg/348px-Boeing_747-136%2C_British_Airways_AN1861141.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Boeing_747-136%2C_British_Airways_AN1861141.jpg/522px-Boeing_747-136%2C_British_Airways_AN1861141.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Boeing_747-136%2C_British_Airways_AN1861141.jpg/696px-Boeing_747-136%2C_British_Airways_AN1861141.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">ex-BOAC <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747</a> with "British airways" branding and Speedbird tail</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 254px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Airways_Cargo_Merchantman_Wheatley.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ex-BEA Vickers Vanguard with "British airways" branding and Speedjack tail"><img alt="ex-BEA Vickers Vanguard with "British airways" branding and Speedjack tail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/British_Airways_Cargo_Merchantman_Wheatley.jpg/378px-British_Airways_Cargo_Merchantman_Wheatley.jpg" decoding="async" width="252" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/British_Airways_Cargo_Merchantman_Wheatley.jpg/567px-British_Airways_Cargo_Merchantman_Wheatley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/British_Airways_Cargo_Merchantman_Wheatley.jpg/756px-British_Airways_Cargo_Merchantman_Wheatley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1594" data-file-height="979" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">ex-BEA Vickers Vanguard with "British airways" branding and Speedjack tail</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Northeast_Airlines_Trident_1E_at_Teesside_Airport_(1974)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_852594.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ex-Northeast Hawker Trident with "British airways" branding and Norjet tail."><img alt="ex-Northeast Hawker Trident with "British airways" branding and Norjet tail." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Northeast_Airlines_Trident_1E_at_Teesside_Airport_%281974%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_852594.jpg/358px-Northeast_Airlines_Trident_1E_at_Teesside_Airport_%281974%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_852594.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Northeast_Airlines_Trident_1E_at_Teesside_Airport_%281974%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_852594.jpg/537px-Northeast_Airlines_Trident_1E_at_Teesside_Airport_%281974%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_852594.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Northeast_Airlines_Trident_1E_at_Teesside_Airport_%281974%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_852594.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="415" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">ex-Northeast Hawker Trident with "British airways" branding and Norjet tail.</div> </li> </ul> The aeroplanes that British Airways inherited from the four-way merger between BOAC, BEA, Cambrian, and Northeast were initially given a livery nicknamed 'hybrid' or 'transition', using the text "British airways" (stylised with a lowercase "a" in Airways) to replace the original wordmark, but otherwise keeping the predecessor airline's livery. For instance, ex-BOAC aircraft retained the dark blue, grey, and white colour scheme with the golden <a href="/wiki/Speedbird" title="Speedbird">Speedbird</a> on the tail. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negus_livery_and_Speedbird">Negus livery and Speedbird</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Negus livery and Speedbird">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 234px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 232px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_747-236B,_British_Airways_AN2061351.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="747 in "Negus" livery (photo from 1980, livery used 1974–1985)"><img alt="747 in "Negus" livery (photo from 1980, livery used 1974–1985)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Boeing_747-236B%2C_British_Airways_AN2061351.jpg/348px-Boeing_747-236B%2C_British_Airways_AN2061351.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Boeing_747-236B%2C_British_Airways_AN2061351.jpg/522px-Boeing_747-236B%2C_British_Airways_AN2061351.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Boeing_747-236B%2C_British_Airways_AN2061351.jpg/696px-Boeing_747-236B%2C_British_Airways_AN2061351.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">747 in "Negus" livery (photo from 1980, livery used 1974–1985)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 232.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_747-2B4BM,_British_Airways_AN0541447.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="747 in "Landor" livery (photo from 1988, livery used 1984–2002)"><img alt="747 in "Landor" livery (photo from 1988, livery used 1984–2002)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Boeing_747-2B4BM%2C_British_Airways_AN0541447.jpg/346px-Boeing_747-2B4BM%2C_British_Airways_AN0541447.jpg" decoding="async" width="231" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Boeing_747-2B4BM%2C_British_Airways_AN0541447.jpg/519px-Boeing_747-2B4BM%2C_British_Airways_AN0541447.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Boeing_747-2B4BM%2C_British_Airways_AN0541447.jpg/691px-Boeing_747-2B4BM%2C_British_Airways_AN0541447.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="705" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">747 in "Landor" livery (photo from 1988, livery used 1984–2002)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 232px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:193ae_-_British_Airways_Boeing_747-436,_G-BNLA@LHR,19.11.2002_-_Flickr_-_Aero_Icarus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="747 in "Utopia" livery and Chelsea Rose tail art (photo from 2002, livery used 1997–2006)"><img alt="747 in "Utopia" livery and Chelsea Rose tail art (photo from 2002, livery used 1997–2006)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/193ae_-_British_Airways_Boeing_747-436%2C_G-BNLA%40LHR%2C19.11.2002_-_Flickr_-_Aero_Icarus.jpg/345px-193ae_-_British_Airways_Boeing_747-436%2C_G-BNLA%40LHR%2C19.11.2002_-_Flickr_-_Aero_Icarus.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/193ae_-_British_Airways_Boeing_747-436%2C_G-BNLA%40LHR%2C19.11.2002_-_Flickr_-_Aero_Icarus.jpg/518px-193ae_-_British_Airways_Boeing_747-436%2C_G-BNLA%40LHR%2C19.11.2002_-_Flickr_-_Aero_Icarus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/193ae_-_British_Airways_Boeing_747-436%2C_G-BNLA%40LHR%2C19.11.2002_-_Flickr_-_Aero_Icarus.jpg/690px-193ae_-_British_Airways_Boeing_747-436%2C_G-BNLA%40LHR%2C19.11.2002_-_Flickr_-_Aero_Icarus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2787" data-file-height="1875" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">747 in "Utopia" livery and Chelsea Rose tail art (photo from 2002, livery used 1997–2006)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 234px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 232px;"><a href="/wiki/File:747-400_BRITISH_AIRWAYS_SBGR_(36812510614).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="747 in "Utopia" and Chatham Dockyard Union Flag tail art (photo from 2015, livery used 2001–present)"><img alt="747 in "Utopia" and Chatham Dockyard Union Flag tail art (photo from 2015, livery used 2001–present)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/747-400_BRITISH_AIRWAYS_SBGR_%2836812510614%29.jpg/348px-747-400_BRITISH_AIRWAYS_SBGR_%2836812510614%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/747-400_BRITISH_AIRWAYS_SBGR_%2836812510614%29.jpg/522px-747-400_BRITISH_AIRWAYS_SBGR_%2836812510614%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/747-400_BRITISH_AIRWAYS_SBGR_%2836812510614%29.jpg/696px-747-400_BRITISH_AIRWAYS_SBGR_%2836812510614%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2978" data-file-height="1985" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">747 in "Utopia" and Chatham Dockyard Union Flag tail art (photo from 2015, livery used 2001–present)</div> </li> </ul> With its formation in 1974, British Airways' aeroplanes were given a new white, blue, and red colour scheme with a cropped <a href="/wiki/Union_Jack" title="Union Jack">Union Jack</a> painted on their tail fins, designed by Negus & Negus.<a href="#cite_note-Negus-obit-238">[238]</a> British Airways selected the Negus & Negus design over competing entries from <a href="/wiki/Lippincott_(brand_consultancy)" title="Lippincott (brand consultancy)">Lippincott & Margulies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri_Kay_Henrion" title="Henri Kay Henrion">Henrion</a>. The "Negus" livery was phased in over a three-year period. It also adopted a blue version of the Speedbird logo from BOAC, moved to the nose of the planes, at the request of ex-BOAC staff.<a href="#cite_note-Design73-239">[239]</a> The contract for British Airways was then the largest <a href="/wiki/Corporate_identity" title="Corporate identity">corporate identity</a> branding commission in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-Negus-obit-238">[238]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Nicolson" title="David Nicolson">David Nicolson</a>, the chair of British Airways, said it would present "a modern, efficient, confident and friendly face to the public".<a href="#cite_note-Design73-239">[239]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:166px;max-width:166px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:112px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_747-148,_British_Airways_(Aer_Lingus)_AN1039803.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Boeing_747-148%2C_British_Airways_%28Aer_Lingus%29_AN1039803.jpg/164px-Boeing_747-148%2C_British_Airways_%28Aer_Lingus%29_AN1039803.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Boeing_747-148%2C_British_Airways_%28Aer_Lingus%29_AN1039803.jpg/246px-Boeing_747-148%2C_British_Airways_%28Aer_Lingus%29_AN1039803.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Boeing_747-148%2C_British_Airways_%28Aer_Lingus%29_AN1039803.jpg/328px-Boeing_747-148%2C_British_Airways_%28Aer_Lingus%29_AN1039803.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="701" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Boeing 747 in hybrid Negus/Aer Lingus livery (1981)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:112px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Airways_Boeing_757-200_Lofting-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/British_Airways_Boeing_757-200_Lofting-1.jpg/170px-British_Airways_Boeing_757-200_Lofting-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/British_Airways_Boeing_757-200_Lofting-1.jpg/255px-British_Airways_Boeing_757-200_Lofting-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/British_Airways_Boeing_757-200_Lofting-1.jpg/340px-British_Airways_Boeing_757-200_Lofting-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="847" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Boeing 757 in "retrojet" Negus livery (2010)</div></div></div></div></div> A Boeing 747 (EI-ASJ/G-BDPZ), originally delivered to <a href="/wiki/Aer_Lingus" title="Aer Lingus">Aer Lingus</a>, was leased by British Airways in 1976 and partially repainted in "Negus" livery above the passenger windows, retaining Aer Lingus livery on the <a href="/wiki/Cheatline" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheatline">cheatline</a> and belly. Shortly after 1974, Negus & Negus convinced BA to drop "airways" from the wordmark and the aircraft were painted with just the word "British" for approximately a decade.<a href="#cite_note-Lovegrove-240">[240]</a> One Boeing 757 (G-CPET) was returned to "Negus" livery with the abbreviated "British" wordmark in October 2010, just ahead of the retirement of the 757 fleet at the end of that month.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landor_livery_and_Speedwing">Landor livery and Speedwing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Landor livery and Speedwing">edit</a>]</div> In 1984, a new livery designed by <a href="/wiki/Landor_Associates" title="Landor Associates">Landor Associates</a> updated the airline's look as it prepared for privatization.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> The Speedbird was changed to a red Speedwing arrow logo<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> carried at the cheatline, just below the passenger windows, along the length of the fuselage. The "A" in Airways was now capitalised. The company's crest was added to the tailfin, along with the motto "To Fly To Serve";<a href="#cite_note-BA-Brand-Jarvis-244">[244]</a> that specific element received criticism from domestic designers.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-1985-245">[245]</a> June Fraser, president of the <a href="/wiki/Chartered_Society_of_Designers" title="Chartered Society of Designers">Chartered Society of Designers</a>, wrote to <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> in protest, stating that "a barely distinguishable heraldic device perched incongruously above the remnants of the earlier instantly recognizable and appropriate solution" was an alarming development.<a href="#cite_note-Lovegrove-240">[240]</a> A consonant look was applied to the Concorde, omitting the subsonic livery's blue belly.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-1985-245">[245]</a> As with the prior Negus livery modified for the Concorde, the heat generated by supersonic flight required the fuselage to be painted in white.<a href="#cite_note-Design73-239">[239]</a> The Landor effort took eighteen months to complete at a cost of over US$1 million.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-1985-245">[245]</a> The new branding was intended to demonstrate "professionalism and precision" while being "simple, distinctive, and dignified".<a href="#cite_note-BA-Brand-Jarvis-244">[244]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 249.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 247.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerospatiale-BAC_Concorde_102,_British_Airways_AN1847500.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Concorde in "Negus" livery, blue Speedbird logo"><img alt="Concorde in "Negus" livery, blue Speedbird logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Aerospatiale-BAC_Concorde_102%2C_British_Airways_AN1847500.jpg/371px-Aerospatiale-BAC_Concorde_102%2C_British_Airways_AN1847500.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Aerospatiale-BAC_Concorde_102%2C_British_Airways_AN1847500.jpg/556px-Aerospatiale-BAC_Concorde_102%2C_British_Airways_AN1847500.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Aerospatiale-BAC_Concorde_102%2C_British_Airways_AN1847500.jpg/741px-Aerospatiale-BAC_Concorde_102%2C_British_Airways_AN1847500.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Concorde in "Negus" livery, blue Speedbird logo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 249.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 247.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerospatiale-British_Aerospace_Concorde_102,_British_Airways_AN1809355.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Concorde in "Landor" livery, red Speedwing arrow"><img alt="Concorde in "Landor" livery, red Speedwing arrow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Aerospatiale-British_Aerospace_Concorde_102%2C_British_Airways_AN1809355.jpg/371px-Aerospatiale-British_Aerospace_Concorde_102%2C_British_Airways_AN1809355.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Aerospatiale-British_Aerospace_Concorde_102%2C_British_Airways_AN1809355.jpg/556px-Aerospatiale-British_Aerospace_Concorde_102%2C_British_Airways_AN1809355.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Aerospatiale-British_Aerospace_Concorde_102%2C_British_Airways_AN1809355.jpg/741px-Aerospatiale-British_Aerospace_Concorde_102%2C_British_Airways_AN1809355.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Concorde in "Landor" livery, red Speedwing arrow</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 249.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 247.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:G-BOAC_2_BAC-SNIAS_Concorde_102_British_Airways_MAN_22MAY04_(11432526884).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Concorde in "Utopia" livery, Speedmarque ribbon"><img alt="Concorde in "Utopia" livery, Speedmarque ribbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/G-BOAC_2_BAC-SNIAS_Concorde_102_British_Airways_MAN_22MAY04_%2811432526884%29.jpg/371px-G-BOAC_2_BAC-SNIAS_Concorde_102_British_Airways_MAN_22MAY04_%2811432526884%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/G-BOAC_2_BAC-SNIAS_Concorde_102_British_Airways_MAN_22MAY04_%2811432526884%29.jpg/557px-G-BOAC_2_BAC-SNIAS_Concorde_102_British_Airways_MAN_22MAY04_%2811432526884%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/G-BOAC_2_BAC-SNIAS_Concorde_102_British_Airways_MAN_22MAY04_%2811432526884%29.jpg/741px-G-BOAC_2_BAC-SNIAS_Concorde_102_British_Airways_MAN_22MAY04_%2811432526884%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4604" data-file-height="3069" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Concorde in "Utopia" livery, Speedmarque ribbon</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Project_Utopia/ethnic_livery_and_Speedmarque">Project Utopia/ethnic livery and Speedmarque</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Project Utopia/ethnic livery and Speedmarque">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/British_Airways_ethnic_liveries" title="British Airways ethnic liveries">British Airways ethnic liveries</a></div> In 1997, there was a controversial change to a new Project Utopia livery which used the corporate colours consistently on the fuselage with a lowered beltline; the Utopia livery included multiple tailfin designs. The variety of tailfin designs was intended to reflect the diversity of destinations and countries served by the airline's network of routes; British Airways called these "World Images" and they would become known as the "ethnic images". Examples included Delftware or Chinese calligraphy, meant to symbolize those countries. However, the Concorde fleet would have a unique tailfin design (named Chatham Dockyard Union flag) based on a stylised, fluttering Union flag.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> This was reported to have caused problems with <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">air traffic control</a>: previously controllers had been able to tell pilots to follow a BA plane, but they were now harder to visually identify.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> The art commissioned for the new tailfin designs also appeared elsewhere, such as brochures and ticket boarding jackets. Utopia also changed the Speedwing arrow to a Speedmarque ribbon logo, now carried closer to the nose, above passenger windows.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_737-236-Adv,_British_Airways_AN1629613_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Utopia fin (Animals and Trees tail art)"><img alt="Utopia fin (Animals and Trees tail art)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Boeing_737-236-Adv%2C_British_Airways_AN1629613_%28cropped%29.jpg/271px-Boeing_737-236-Adv%2C_British_Airways_AN1629613_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Boeing_737-236-Adv%2C_British_Airways_AN1629613_%28cropped%29.jpg/406px-Boeing_737-236-Adv%2C_British_Airways_AN1629613_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Boeing_737-236-Adv%2C_British_Airways_AN1629613_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="356" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Utopia fin (Animals and Trees tail art)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:103dc_-_British_Airways_Airbus_A320-100;_G-BUSE@ZRH;11.08.2000_(5238214206)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Utopia fin (Benyhone)"><img alt="Utopia fin (Benyhone)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/103dc_-_British_Airways_Airbus_A320-100%3B_G-BUSE%40ZRH%3B11.08.2000_%285238214206%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-103dc_-_British_Airways_Airbus_A320-100%3B_G-BUSE%40ZRH%3B11.08.2000_%285238214206%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/103dc_-_British_Airways_Airbus_A320-100%3B_G-BUSE%40ZRH%3B11.08.2000_%285238214206%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/406px-103dc_-_British_Airways_Airbus_A320-100%3B_G-BUSE%40ZRH%3B11.08.2000_%285238214206%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/103dc_-_British_Airways_Airbus_A320-100%3B_G-BUSE%40ZRH%3B11.08.2000_%285238214206%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/541px-103dc_-_British_Airways_Airbus_A320-100%3B_G-BUSE%40ZRH%3B11.08.2000_%285238214206%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1206" data-file-height="1035" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Utopia fin (Benyhone)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:38bw_-_British_Airways_Boeing_737-400;_G-DOCX@ZRH;23.08.1998_(8055984882)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Utopia fin (Colum)"><img alt="Utopia fin (Colum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/38bw_-_British_Airways_Boeing_737-400%3B_G-DOCX%40ZRH%3B23.08.1998_%288055984882%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-38bw_-_British_Airways_Boeing_737-400%3B_G-DOCX%40ZRH%3B23.08.1998_%288055984882%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/38bw_-_British_Airways_Boeing_737-400%3B_G-DOCX%40ZRH%3B23.08.1998_%288055984882%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/405px-38bw_-_British_Airways_Boeing_737-400%3B_G-DOCX%40ZRH%3B23.08.1998_%288055984882%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/38bw_-_British_Airways_Boeing_737-400%3B_G-DOCX%40ZRH%3B23.08.1998_%288055984882%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/540px-38bw_-_British_Airways_Boeing_737-400%3B_G-DOCX%40ZRH%3B23.08.1998_%288055984882%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1409" data-file-height="1210" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Utopia fin (Colum)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 239.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 237.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:TAILS_on_Terminal_5_(10854129165).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Current consistent use of Chatham Dockyard tail art"><img alt="Current consistent use of Chatham Dockyard tail art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/TAILS_on_Terminal_5_%2810854129165%29.jpg/356px-TAILS_on_Terminal_5_%2810854129165%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/TAILS_on_Terminal_5_%2810854129165%29.jpg/533px-TAILS_on_Terminal_5_%2810854129165%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/TAILS_on_Terminal_5_%2810854129165%29.jpg/711px-TAILS_on_Terminal_5_%2810854129165%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="1208" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Current consistent use of Chatham Dockyard tail art</div> </li> </ul> Several people spoke out against the change, including the former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, who famously covered the tail of a model 747 at an event with a handkerchief, to show her displeasure.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> BA's traditional rival, Virgin Atlantic, took advantage of the negative press coverage by applying the Union flag to the winglets of their aircraft along with the slogan "Britain's national flagcarrier".<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> In 1999, with approximately half the fleet already repainted with Project Utopia livery, the CEO of British Airways, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Ayling" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Ayling">Bob Ayling</a>, announced that all aircraft that had retained Landor livery would adopt the tailfin design Chatham Dockyard Union Flag originally intended to be used only on the Concorde, based on the Union Flag.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> After Ayling resigned in 2000,<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> his successor, <a href="/wiki/Rod_Eddington" title="Rod Eddington">Rod Eddington</a>, announced the entire fleet would receive the Chatham Dockyard Union flag tail in May 2001.<a href="#cite_note-Tele-010511-253">[253]</a> The final aeroplane with a "Utopia" tail — an <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A320">Airbus A320</a> with Whale Rider artwork — was retired in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-FG-leaves-254">[254]</a> From 2011 on, the company's crest was added back to aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_liveries">Special liveries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Special liveries">edit</a>]</div> British Airways repainted nine Airbus A319s to mark the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a>, the front section was painted a feather pattern in gold shade, and the Chatham Dockyard tail flag was also repainted in gold shade. The aircraft that transported the Olympic Flame from Athens to London also have a distinctive yellow, orange, and gold livery, named The Firefly.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] BA launched direct service between London Heathrow and <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Shuangliu_International_Airport" title="Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport">Chengdu</a> in 2013; to celebrate, the front of a Boeing 777 was painted to resemble a <a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">giant panda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> The frequency of service to Chengdu was reduced in 2014 before being suspended in 2017. In 2021, BA painted one <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320neo" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A320neo">Airbus A320neo</a> (G-TTNA) in what it called its Better World livery, using two blue shades to render the Chatham Dockyard tail flag and adding a coordinating finish to the front half of the aircraft and its engine nacelles. The strapline "Our most important journey yet" advertises BA's efforts to achieve Net Zero emissions.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retrojets">Retrojets</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Retrojets">edit</a>]</div> In 2019, BA announced plans to repaint one of its Boeing 747 aeroplanes into a <a href="/wiki/Retrojet" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrojet">retrojet</a> BOAC livery, matching the scheme used on those aircraft between 1964 and 1974.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> The retro livery was chosen to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the firm, dating back to the formation of Aircraft Transport and Travel Limited in 1919. Other aeroplanes are planned to be repainted into retro liveries, but deliveries of new aircraft will continue in the current "Chatham Dockyard" livery.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 204px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:G-BYGC_21022019LHR_(46446815144).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="G-BYGC in retrojet BOAC"><img alt="G-BYGC in retrojet BOAC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/G-BYGC_21022019LHR_%2846446815144%29.jpg/303px-G-BYGC_21022019LHR_%2846446815144%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/G-BYGC_21022019LHR_%2846446815144%29.jpg/454px-G-BYGC_21022019LHR_%2846446815144%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/G-BYGC_21022019LHR_%2846446815144%29.jpg/605px-G-BYGC_21022019LHR_%2846446815144%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2609" data-file-height="1742" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">G-BYGC in retrojet BOAC </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 203.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 201.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:G-EUPJ_05032019LHR_(32416591037).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="G-EUPJ in retrojet BEA"><img alt="G-EUPJ in retrojet BEA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/G-EUPJ_05032019LHR_%2832416591037%29.jpg/302px-G-EUPJ_05032019LHR_%2832416591037%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/G-EUPJ_05032019LHR_%2832416591037%29.jpg/454px-G-EUPJ_05032019LHR_%2832416591037%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/G-EUPJ_05032019LHR_%2832416591037%29.jpg/605px-G-EUPJ_05032019LHR_%2832416591037%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2247" data-file-height="1502" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">G-EUPJ in retrojet BEA </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 204px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:G-BNLY_29032019LHR_(47485070702).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="G-BNLY in retrojet Landor"><img alt="G-BNLY in retrojet Landor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/G-BNLY_29032019LHR_%2847485070702%29.jpg/303px-G-BNLY_29032019LHR_%2847485070702%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/G-BNLY_29032019LHR_%2847485070702%29.jpg/454px-G-BNLY_29032019LHR_%2847485070702%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/G-BNLY_29032019LHR_%2847485070702%29.jpg/606px-G-BNLY_29032019LHR_%2847485070702%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2890" data-file-height="1929" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">G-BNLY in retrojet Landor </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 204px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:G-CIVB_23032019LHR_(46565862055).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="G-CIVB in retrojet Negus"><img alt="G-CIVB in retrojet Negus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/G-CIVB_23032019LHR_%2846565862055%29.jpg/303px-G-CIVB_23032019LHR_%2846565862055%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/G-CIVB_23032019LHR_%2846565862055%29.jpg/454px-G-CIVB_23032019LHR_%2846565862055%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/G-CIVB_23032019LHR_%2846565862055%29.jpg/605px-G-CIVB_23032019LHR_%2846565862055%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3641" data-file-height="2431" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">G-CIVB in retrojet Negus </div> </li> </ul> On 22 February 2019, BA announced another retrojet livery. A modified BEA 'Red Square' livery used from 1959 to 1968 would be painted on an Airbus A319 (G-EUPJ), with grey wings instead of red to meet reflectivity requirements. Like the BOAC retrojet livery used on G-BYGC, the hybrid scheme using the "British airways" wordmark was not used.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> One week later BA announced that B747 G-BNLY would return to the Landor livery it wore upon delivery.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> The fourth and final retrojet livery was announced for G-CIVB on 15 March, a B747 to be repainted into Negus livery.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> Due to the worldwide <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, British Airways announced it would be retiring its remaining fleet of Boeing 747s in July 2020.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> The retrojet 'Negus' livery 747, G-CIVB, was purchased by <a href="/wiki/Cotswold_Airport" title="Cotswold Airport">Cotswold Airport</a> for a nominal fee of £1 in October 2020 and transformed into a "party plane" venue at a cost of £500,000.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> Similarly, G-BNLY (retrojet 'Landor') and G-BYGC ('BOAC') were preserved, with BNLY going to <a href="/wiki/Dunsfold_Aerodrome" title="Dunsfold Aerodrome">Dunsfold Aerodrome</a> alongside G-CIVW (a 747 painted in Chatham Dockyard) to serve in the film and television industry, and BYGC going to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bro_Tathan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bro Tathan (page does not exist)">Bro Tathan</a> business park as a permanent exhibit.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dirtytricks-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dirtytricks_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dirtytricks_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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BBC News. 11 January 1993.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BA+dirty+tricks+against+Virgin+cost+%C2%A33m&rft.date=1993-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjanuary%2F11%2Fnewsid_2520000%2F2520189.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BA_seals_long-awaited_Iberia_deal-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BA_seals_long-awaited_Iberia_deal_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BA_seals_long-awaited_Iberia_deal_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130201061746/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKLDE63707M20100408?sp=true">"BA seals long-awaited Iberia deal"</a>. Reuters. 8 April 2010. 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Retrieved 8 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BA+seals+long-awaited+Iberia+deal&rft.date=2010-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUKLDE63707M20100408%3Fsp%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Millward (2008), p. 83 </li> <li id="cite_note-FI-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FI_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FI_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Directory: World Airlines". <a href="/wiki/Flight_International" title="Flight International">Flight International</a>. 27 March 2007. p. 89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flight+International&rft.atitle=Directory%3A+World+Airlines&rft.pages=89&rft.date=2007-03-27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-badir-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-badir_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-badir_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-badir_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-badir_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-badir_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-badir_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-badir_5-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-badir_5-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-badir_5-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/British-Airways-PLC-Company-History.html">"British Airways PLC – Company History"</a>. International Directory of Company Histories. 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Directory+of+Company+Histories&rft.atitle=British+Airways+PLC+%E2%80%93+Company+History&rft.date=1996&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundinguniverse.com%2Fcompany-histories%2FBritish-Airways-PLC-Company-History.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Woodley (2004), p. 10 </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1939" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Al (6 September 1939). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GvUaAAAAIBAJ&pg=5721,7021794">"British to nationalize airline"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh Press">Pittsburgh Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Press&rft.atitle=British+to+nationalize+airline&rft.date=1939-09-06&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Al&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DGvUaAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5721%2C7021794&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aXotAAAAIBAJ&pg=5232,195309">"BOAC 'Chosen Instrument'; Empire to follow suit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Gazette">Montreal Gazette</a>. 2 March 1945.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Montreal+Gazette&rft.atitle=BOAC+%27Chosen+Instrument%27%3B+Empire+to+follow+suit&rft.date=1945-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DaXotAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5232%2C195309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Beith (2004) </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/2/newsid_2480000/2480339.stm">"On This Day: Comet inaugurates the jet age"</a>. BBC News. 2 May 1952.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=On+This+Day%3A+Comet+inaugurates+the+jet+age&rft.date=1952-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fmay%2F2%2Fnewsid_2480000%2F2480339.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Woodley (2004), p. 117 </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeysey1954" class="citation news cs1">Veysey, Arthur (10 April 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120726233804/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/506391732.html?dids=506391732:506391732&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Apr+10,+1954&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=BRITAIN+BARS+COMET+JETS+FROM+AIRWAYS&pqatl=google">"Britain bars Comet jets from Airways"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Daily_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Daily Tribune">Chicago Daily Tribune</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/506391732.html?dids=506391732:506391732&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Apr+10%2C+1954&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=BRITAIN+BARS+COMET+JETS+FROM+AIRWAYS&pqatl=google">the original</a> on 26 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Daily+Tribune&rft.atitle=Britain+bars+Comet+jets+from+Airways&rft.date=1954-04-10&rft.aulast=Veysey&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fchicagotribune%2Faccess%2F506391732.html%3Fdids%3D506391732%3A506391732%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AAI%26type%3Dhistoric%26date%3DApr%2B10%252C%2B1954%26author%3D%26pub%3DChicago%2BTribune%26desc%3DBRITAIN%2BBARS%2BCOMET%2BJETS%2BFROM%2BAIRWAYS%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YKsUAAAAIBAJ&pg=4125,4268157">"Sabotage ruled out"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. 20 October 1954.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Sabotage+ruled+out&rft.date=1954-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DYKsUAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4125%2C4268157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomis1958" class="citation news cs1">Thomis, Wayne (12 November 1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023010003/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/569433432.html?dids=569433432:569433432&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Nov+12,+1958&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=BRITISH+SHOW+OFF+ZIPPY+JET+AIR+LINER+HERE&pqatl=google">"British show off zippy air liner here"</a>. Chicago Daily Tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/569433432.html?dids=569433432:569433432&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Nov+12%2C+1958&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=BRITISH+SHOW+OFF+ZIPPY+JET+AIR+LINER+HERE&pqatl=google">the original</a> on 23 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Daily+Tribune&rft.atitle=British+show+off+zippy+air+liner+here&rft.date=1958-11-12&rft.aulast=Thomis&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fchicagotribune%2Faccess%2F569433432.html%3Fdids%3D569433432%3A569433432%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AAI%26type%3Dhistoric%26date%3DNov%2B12%252C%2B1958%26author%3D%26pub%3DChicago%2BTribune%26desc%3DBRITISH%2BSHOW%2BOFF%2BZIPPY%2BJET%2BAIR%2BLINER%2BHERE%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9ksRAAAAIBAJ&pg=3830,1543217">"Supreme in the skies!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a>. 10 October 1958.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Supreme+in+the+skies%21&rft.date=1958-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D9ksRAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3830%2C1543217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Robin Higham, Speedbird: The Complete History of BOAC (London: IB Tauris, 2013) p.117 </li> <li id="cite_note-times57549-17"><a href="#cite_ref-times57549_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Edwards report recommends state share in private airlines". New. The Times. No. 57549. London. 2 May 1969. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Edwards+report+recommends+state+share+in+private+airlines&rft.issue=57549&rft.pages=p.-5&rft.date=1969-05-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-act1971-18"><a href="#cite_ref-act1971_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1971/pdf/ukpga_19710075_en.pdf">"Civil Aviation Act 1971"</a> (PDF). Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved 10 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Civil+Aviation+Act+1971&rft.pub=Office+of+Public+Sector+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opsi.gov.uk%2Facts%2Facts1971%2Fpdf%2Fukpga_19710075_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1972/138">Statutory Instrument 1972 No. 138</a> The Civil Aviation Act 1971 (Commencement No. 4) Order 1972 </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keesings.com/search?kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_a_id=25231n01uki">"Formation and Inauguration of Civil Aviation Authority and British Airways Board"</a>. Keesing's. 1 May 1972.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Keesing%27s&rft.atitle=Formation+and+Inauguration+of+Civil+Aviation+Authority+and+British+Airways+Board&rft.date=1972-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keesings.com%2Fsearch%3Fkssp_selected_tab%3Darticle%26kssp_a_id%3D25231n01uki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/24/archives/britain-is-merging-boac-and-bea-as-giant-airline.html">"Britain is merging BOAC and BEA as giant airline"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 24 January 1973. Retrieved 4 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Britain+is+merging+BOAC+and+BEA+as+giant+airline&rft.date=1973-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1973%2F01%2F24%2Farchives%2Fbritain-is-merging-boac-and-bea-as-giant-airline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Doganis (2006), p. 224 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1973/2175">Statutory Instrument 1973 No. 2175</a> The Air Corporations (Dissolution) Order 1973 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> By some criteria. By passenger-miles (and maybe by passengers) the merged airline was smaller than Delta when it merged Northeast in 1972. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Hanlon (1999), pp. 227–8 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1975/1975%20-%200541.html">"World Airline Directory – Aviation History"</a>. Flight International. 20 March 1975.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Airline+Directory+%E2%80%93+Aviation+History&rft.pub=Flight+International&rft.date=1975-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fpdfarchive%2Fview%2F1975%2F1975%2520-%25200541.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BA70s-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BA70s_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BA70s_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BA70s_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BA70s_27-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BA70s_27-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BA70s_27-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BA70s_27-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BA70s_27-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishairways.com/travel/history-1970-1979/public/it_it">"Explore our past: 1970–1979"</a>. British Airways. Retrieved 8 November 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explore+our+past%3A+1970%E2%80%931979&rft.pub=British+Airways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishairways.com%2Ftravel%2Fhistory-1970-1979%2Fpublic%2Fit_it&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Pigott (2003), p. 166 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023011656/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/636121692.html?dids=636121692:636121692&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Nov+16,+1974&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=British+Airways+firms+six+Tri-State+options&pqatl=google">"British Airways firms six Tri-State options"</a>. Chicago Tribune. 16 November 1974. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/636121692.html?dids=636121692:636121692&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Nov+16%2C+1974&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=British+Airways+firms+six+Tri-State+options&pqatl=google">the original</a> on 23 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=British+Airways+firms+six+Tri-State+options&rft.date=1974-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fchicagotribune%2Faccess%2F636121692.html%3Fdids%3D636121692%3A636121692%26FMT%3DCITE%26FMTS%3DCITE%3AAI%26type%3Dhistoric%26date%3DNov%2B16%252C%2B1974%26author%3D%26pub%3DChicago%2BTribune%26desc%3DBritish%2BAirways%2Bfirms%2Bsix%2BTri-State%2Boptions%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitkin1976" class="citation news cs1">Witkin, Richard (19 August 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1976/08/19/archives/lockheed-will-sell-britain-6-tristars-british-airways-to-introduce.html">"Lockheed will sell Britain 6 TriStars: British Airways to introduce advanced version of Jumbo Jet into fleet by '79"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lockheed+will+sell+Britain+6+TriStars%3A+British+Airways+to+introduce+advanced+version+of+Jumbo+Jet+into+fleet+by+%2779&rft.date=1976-08-19&rft.aulast=Witkin&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1976%2F08%2F19%2Farchives%2Flockheed-will-sell-britain-6-tristars-british-airways-to-introduce.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Hayward (1983), p. 167 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Penrose (1980), p. 285 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Hayward (1983), p. 170 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Hayward (1983), p. 182 </li> <li id="cite_note-review1-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-review1_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-review1_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1976/1976%20-%200281.html">"UK aviation policy review: first in a long series"</a>. Flight International. 21 February 1976. p. 397.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+aviation+policy+review%3A+first+in+a+long+series&rft.pages=397&rft.pub=Flight+International&rft.date=1976-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fpdfarchive%2Fview%2F1976%2F1976%2520-%25200281.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-risk316_7-36"><a href="#cite_ref-risk316_7_36-0">^</a> Thomson (1990), pp. 316–7 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1975/1975%20-%201427.html">"UK abandons long-haul competition"</a>. Flight International. 7 August 1975. p. 173.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+abandons+long-haul+competition&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Flight+International&rft.date=1975-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fpdfarchive%2Fview%2F1975%2F1975%2520-%25201427.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-widebody1-38"><a href="#cite_ref-widebody1_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1977/1977%20-%200503.html">"Scottish DC-10s and B.CAL's wide-body plans"</a>. Flight International. 26 February 1977. p. 471.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scottish+DC-10s+and+B.CAL%27s+wide-body+plans&rft.pages=471&rft.pub=Flight+International&rft.date=1977-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fpdfarchive%2Fview%2F1977%2F1977%2520-%25200503.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/PDFArchive/View/1976/1976%20-%201348.html">"B.CAL expands in South America"</a>. Flight International. 24 July 1976. p. 212.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B.CAL+expands+in+South+America&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Flight+International&rft.date=1976-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2FPDFArchive%2FView%2F1976%2F1976%2520-%25201348.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Concordeintro3-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Concordeintro3_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=inkRAAAAIBAJ&pg=5479,5052446">"Concorde starts regular service"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Register-Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Register-Guard">Eugene Register-Guard</a>. 21 January 1976.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eugene+Register-Guard&rft.atitle=Concorde+starts+regular+service&rft.date=1976-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DinkRAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5479%2C5052446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-Concordeintro-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Concordeintro_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6EURAAAAIBAJ&pg=2641,5404781">"Concorde goes home in high-flying triumph"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. 23 January 1976.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Concorde+goes+home+in+high-flying+triumph&rft.date=1976-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D6EURAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2641%2C5404781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Concordeintro2-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Concordeintro2_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuenger1976" class="citation news cs1">Yuenger, James (22 January 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023010014/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/611119912.html?dids=611119912:611119912&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jan+22,+1976&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=Concorde+soars+in+cloud+of+controversy&pqatl=google">"Concorde soars in cloud of controversy"</a>. Chicago Tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/611119912.html?dids=611119912:611119912&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jan+22%2C+1976&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=Concorde+soars+in+cloud+of+controversy&pqatl=google">the original</a> on 23 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Concorde+soars+in+cloud+of+controversy&rft.date=1976-01-22&rft.aulast=Yuenger&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fchicagotribune%2Faccess%2F611119912.html%3Fdids%3D611119912%3A611119912%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AAI%26type%3Dhistoric%26date%3DJan%2B22%252C%2B1976%26author%3D%26pub%3DChicago%2BTribune%26desc%3DConcorde%2Bsoars%2Bin%2Bcloud%2Bof%2Bcontroversy%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Concordeintro4-43"><a href="#cite_ref-Concordeintro4_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins1976" class="citation news cs1">Perkins, Jay (12 January 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iLwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=7057,2757644">"Controller's union head opposes Concorde"</a>. <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Times">St. Petersburg Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Petersburg+Times&rft.atitle=Controller%27s+union+head+opposes+Concorde&rft.date=1976-01-12&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DiLwMAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D7057%2C2757644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-Concordefacts-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Concordefacts_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Concordefacts_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishairways.com/concorde/aboutconcorde.html#facts_figures">"About Concorde"</a>. British Airways. Retrieved 2 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=About+Concorde&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishairways.com%2Fconcorde%2Faboutconcorde.html%23facts_figures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130131151047/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/623610722.html?dids=623610722:623610722&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=May+26,+1980&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=Britain's+Concorde+is+flying+on+red+ink&pqatl=google">"Britain's Concorde is flying on red ink"</a>. Chicago Tribune. 26 May 1980. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/623610722.html?dids=623610722:623610722&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=May+26%2C+1980&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=Britain%27s+Concorde+is+flying+on+red+ink&pqatl=google">the original</a> on 31 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Britain%27s+Concorde+is+flying+on+red+ink&rft.date=1980-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fchicagotribune%2Faccess%2F623610722.html%3Fdids%3D623610722%3A623610722%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AAI%26type%3Dhistoric%26date%3DMay%2B26%252C%2B1980%26author%3D%26pub%3DChicago%2BTribune%26desc%3DBritain%2527s%2BConcorde%2Bis%2Bflying%2Bon%2Bred%2Bink%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Hayward (1983), p. 132 </li> <li id="cite_note-concewhitele-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-concewhitele_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-concewhitele_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg1984" class="citation news cs1">Greenberg, Peter (1 April 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110602021403/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/632500842.html?dids=632500842:632500842&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Apr+01%2C+1984&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=The+plane+fact+is%2C+Concorde+has+broken+the+profit+barrier+for+the+first+time&pqatl=google">"The plane fact is, Concorde has broken the profit barrier for the first time"</a>. Chicago Tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/632500842.html?dids=632500842:632500842&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Apr+01%2C+1984&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=The+plane+fact+is%2C+Concorde+has+broken+the+profit+barrier+for+the+first+time&pqatl=google">the original</a> on 2 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=The+plane+fact+is%2C+Concorde+has+broken+the+profit+barrier+for+the+first+time&rft.date=1984-04-01&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fchicagotribune%2Faccess%2F632500842.html%3Fdids%3D632500842%3A632500842%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AAI%26type%3Dhistoric%26date%3DApr%2B01%252C%2B1984%26author%3D%26pub%3DChicago%2BTribune%26desc%3DThe%2Bplane%2Bfact%2Bis%252C%2BConcorde%2Bhas%2Bbroken%2Bthe%2Bprofit%2Bbarrier%2Bfor%2Bthe%2Bfirst%2Btime%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB29A63D671E93E&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D">"The Concorde belies those who foresaw its extinction"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">The Philadelphia Inquirer</a>. 26 January 1986.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philadelphia+Inquirer&rft.atitle=The+Concorde+belies+those+who+foresaw+its+extinction&rft.date=1986-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.newsbank.com%2Fnl-search%2Fwe%2FArchives%3Fp_product%3DPI%26s_site%3Dphilly%26p_multi%3DPI%26p_theme%3Drealcities%26p_action%3Dsearch%26p_maxdocs%3D200%26p_topdoc%3D1%26p_text_direct-0%3D0EB29A63D671E93E%26p_field_direct-0%3Ddocument_id%26p_perpage%3D10%26p_sort%3DYMD_date%3AD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Owen (2001), p. 295 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4676661.stm">"BA ex-chief Lord King dies at 87"</a>. BBC News. 12 July 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BA+ex-chief+Lord+King+dies+at+87&rft.date=2005-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F4676661.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Why_economists-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Why_economists_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Why_economists_51-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold2003" class="citation news cs1">Arnold, James (10 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2935337.stm">"Why economists don't fly with Concorde"</a>. BBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+economists+don%27t+fly+with+Concorde&rft.date=2003-10-10&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F2935337.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-concstyle-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-concstyle_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-concstyle_52-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1985" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Jo (2 June 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/06/02/travel/the-concorde-s-new-styling.html">"The Concorde's new styling"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Concorde%27s+new+styling&rft.date=1985-06-02&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F06%2F02%2Ftravel%2Fthe-concorde-s-new-styling.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LlINAAAAIBAJ&pg=6825,9717129">"The Concorde has a cachet, but does it make a profit?"</a>. Pittsburgh Gazette. 26 November 1987.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+Concorde+has+a+cachet%2C+but+does+it+make+a+profit%3F&rft.date=1987-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DLlINAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6825%2C9717129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoomis1988" class="citation web cs1">Loomis, James (10 July 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LlINAAAAIBAJ&pg=6825,9717129">"Business Forum: A new 'Orient Express'?; Into the 21st Century – Supersonically"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Business+Forum%3A+A+new+%27Orient+Express%27%3F%3B+Into+the+21st+Century+%E2%80%93+Supersonically&rft.date=1988-07-10&rft.aulast=Loomis&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DLlINAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6825%2C9717129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThackray1998" class="citation news cs1">Thackray, Rachelle (12 February 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102054517/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4896070.html">"A-Z of Employers"</a>. The Independent. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4896070.html">the original</a> on 2 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=A-Z+of+Employers&rft.date=1998-02-12&rft.aulast=Thackray&rft.aufirst=Rachelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P2-4896070.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Votteler (1988), p. 86 </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandall2005" class="citation news cs1">Randall, Jeff (12 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4677027.stm">"Farewell to a king of British business"</a>. BBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Farewell+to+a+king+of+British+business&rft.date=2005-07-12&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F4677027.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=R1YVAAAAIBAJ&pg=4326,3087813">"Now the world's airlines are flying high"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. 5 August 1987.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Now+the+world%27s+airlines+are+flying+high&rft.date=1987-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DR1YVAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4326%2C3087813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSambrook1991" class="citation news cs1">Sambrook, Clare (19 September 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-11367748/going-strong-sears-sears.html">"Going strong for Sears"</a>. Marketing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Going+strong+for+Sears&rft.date=1991-09-19&rft.aulast=Sambrook&rft.aufirst=Clare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessmylibrary.com%2Farticle-1G1-11367748%2Fgoing-strong-sears-sears.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BA80s-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BA80s_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BA80s_60-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BA80s_60-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BA80s_60-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishairways.com/travel/history-1980-1989/public/it_it">"Explore our past: 1980–1989"</a>. British Airways. 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The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+place+to+stay+during+Expo+86%2C+Places+to+dream+anytime&rft.date=1986-02-21&rft.aulast=Van+Gelder&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F02%2F23%2Ftravel%2Ftravel-advisory-a-place-to-stay-during-expo-86-places-to-dream-anytime.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArlidge2007" class="citation news cs1">Arlidge, John (3 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/business/article1834039.ece">"Heathrow's Terminal 5 velocity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Heathrow%27s+Terminal+5+velocity&rft.date=2007-06-03&rft.aulast=Arlidge&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Ftravel%2Fbusiness%2Farticle1834039.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB95EAB0419E0B0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D">"At Heathrow, a terminal to fit the times"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,950362,00.html">the original</a> on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Business%3A+Fuel+takes+off&rft.date=1980-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C950362%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElsner1980" class="citation news cs1">Elsner, David M (11 June 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023131806/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/623211722.html?dids=623211722:623211722&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jun+11,+1980&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=Obstacles+peril+new+air+routes&pqatl=google">"Obstacles peril new air routes"</a>. Chicago Tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/623211722.html?dids=623211722:623211722&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jun+11%2C+1980&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=Obstacles+peril+new+air+routes&pqatl=google">the original</a> on 23 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Obstacles+peril+new+air+routes&rft.date=1980-06-11&rft.aulast=Elsner&rft.aufirst=David+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fchicagotribune%2Faccess%2F623211722.html%3Fdids%3D623211722%3A623211722%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AAI%26type%3Dhistoric%26date%3DJun%2B11%252C%2B1980%26author%3D%26pub%3DChicago%2BTribune%26desc%3DObstacles%2Bperil%2Bnew%2Bair%2Broutes%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rtsRAAAAIBAJ&pg=6888,4220788">"Jet makers contesting for big job"</a>. The Spokesman. 23 August 1983.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jet+makers+contesting+for+big+job&rft.pub=The+Spokesman&rft.date=1983-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DrtsRAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6888%2C4220788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MH&s_site=miami&p_multi=MH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB35D718C702F0F&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D">"British Airways to lease 14 Boeing 737-200 jets"</a>. Miami Herald. 3 September 1983.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=British+Airways+to+lease+14+Boeing+737-200+jets&rft.date=1983-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.newsbank.com%2Fnl-search%2Fwe%2FArchives%3Fp_product%3DMH%26s_site%3Dmiami%26p_multi%3DMH%26p_theme%3Drealcities%26p_action%3Dsearch%26p_maxdocs%3D200%26p_topdoc%3D1%26p_text_direct-0%3D0EB35D718C702F0F%26p_field_direct-0%3Ddocument_id%26p_perpage%3D10%26p_sort%3DYMD_date%3AD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BA_LGW_Fleet-69"><a href="#cite_ref-BA_LGW_Fleet_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1988/1988%20-%201834.html">"BA pulls out of Gatwick South"</a>. 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Toronto Star. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/474815901.html?dids=474815901:474815901&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+18%2C+1986&author=Jay+Clarke+Special+to+The+Star&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Supersonic+Concorde+10+years+in+service+and+still+confounding+critics&pqatl=google">the original</a> on 25 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Supersonic+Concorde+10+years+in+service+and+still+confounding+critics&rft.date=1986-01-18&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fthestar%2Faccess%2F474815901.html%3Fdids%3D474815901%3A474815901%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AFT%26type%3Dcurrent%26date%3DJan%2B18%252C%2B1986%26author%3DJay%2BClarke%2BSpecial%2Bto%2BThe%2BStar%26pub%3DToronto%2BStar%26desc%3DSupersonic%2BConcorde%2B10%2Byears%2Bin%2Bservice%2Band%2Bstill%2Bconfounding%2Bcritics%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg1985" class="citation news cs1">Greenberg, Peter S. 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Orlando Sentinel. 12 July 1995. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/21906850.html?dids=21906850:21906850&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+26%2C+1996&author=Frank+Swoboda&pub=The+Washington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=British+Airways+Plans+To+Keep+USAir+Stake%3B+Carrier%27s+CEO+Wants+Va.+Firm+in+Alliance&pqatl=google">the original</a> on 1 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=British+Airways+plans+to+keep+USAir+stake%3B+Carrier%27s+CEO+wants+Va.+Firm+in+Alliance&rft.date=1996-09-26&rft.aulast=Swoboda&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fwashingtonpost%2Faccess%2F21906850.html%3Fdids%3D21906850%3A21906850%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AFT%26type%3Dcurrent%26date%3DSep%2B26%252C%2B1996%26author%3DFrank%2BSwoboda%26pub%3DThe%2BWashington%2BPost%2B%28pre-1997%2BFulltext%29%26desc%3DBritish%2BAirways%2BPlans%2BTo%2BKeep%2BUSAir%2BStake%253B%2BCarrier%2527s%2BCEO%2BWants%2BVa.%2BFirm%2Bin%2BAlliance%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFField1996" class="citation news cs1">Field, David (25 October 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023123336/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/16310419.html?dids=16310419:16310419&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+25,+1996&author=David+Field&pub=USA+TODAY+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=USAir+cuts+tie+to+British+Airways&pqatl=google">"USAir cuts tie to British Airways"</a>. USA Today. 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Retrieved 24 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+travel&rft.atitle=Retired+British+Airways+jet+transformed+into+%241%2C300+per+hour+%27party+plane%27&rft.date=2022-02-01&rft.au=Hardingham-Gill%2C+Tamara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fbritish-airways-jet-transformed-into-party-plane%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaswell,_Mark2020" class="citation news cs1">Caswell, Mark (2 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesstraveller.com/business-travel/2020/12/02/two-more-british-airways-b747s-saved-from-scrapheap/">"Two more British Airways B747s saved from scrapheap"</a>. Business Traveller. Retrieved 24 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Traveller&rft.atitle=Two+more+British+Airways+B747s+saved+from+scrapheap&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft.au=Caswell%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesstraveller.com%2Fbusiness-travel%2F2020%2F12%2F02%2Ftwo-more-british-airways-b747s-saved-from-scrapheap%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeith2004" class="citation book cs1">Beith, Richard (2004). British South American Airways 1946–1949: A Sourcebook for Aerophilatelists. Richard Beith Associates. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9520675-4-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9520675-4-4"><bdi>0-9520675-4-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+South+American+Airways+1946%E2%80%931949%3A+A+Sourcebook+for+Aerophilatelists&rft.pub=Richard+Beith+Associates&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-9520675-4-4&rft.aulast=Beith&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDearloveSaunders2000" class="citation book cs1">Dearlove, John; Saunders, Peter R. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CpMwQzKp21IC&pg=PA532">Introduction to British politics</a>. Polity. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7456-2096-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7456-2096-5"><bdi>0-7456-2096-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+British+politics&rft.pub=Polity&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7456-2096-5&rft.aulast=Dearlove&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Saunders%2C+Peter+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCpMwQzKp21IC%26pg%3DPA532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoganis2006" class="citation book cs1">Doganis, Rigas (2006). The Airline Business. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-34614-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-34614-2"><bdi>0-415-34614-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Airline+Business&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-415-34614-2&rft.aulast=Doganis&rft.aufirst=Rigas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisherAlan_Lovell2008" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, Colin; Alan Lovell (2008). Business Ethics and Values: Individual, Corporate and International Perspectives. Pearson Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-273-71616-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-273-71616-7"><bdi>978-0-273-71616-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Business+Ethics+and+Values%3A+Individual%2C+Corporate+and+International+Perspectives&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-273-71616-7&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.au=Alan+Lovell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaig2005" class="citation book cs1">Haig, Matt (2005). Brand Failures: The Truth About The 100 Biggest Branding Mistakes of All Time. Kogan Page Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7494-4433-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7494-4433-9"><bdi>0-7494-4433-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brand+Failures%3A+The+Truth+About+The+100+Biggest+Branding+Mistakes+of+All+Time&rft.pub=Kogan+Page+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7494-4433-9&rft.aulast=Haig&rft.aufirst=Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanlonJames_Patrick_Hanlon1999" class="citation book cs1">Hanlon, Pat; James Patrick Hanlon (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/globalairlinesco0000hanl_d5m4">Global Airlines: Competition in a Transnational Industry</a>. Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7506-4350-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7506-4350-1"><bdi>0-7506-4350-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Airlines%3A+Competition+in+a+Transnational+Industry&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-7506-4350-1&rft.aulast=Hanlon&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft.au=James+Patrick+Hanlon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fglobalairlinesco0000hanl_d5m4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayward1983" class="citation book cs1">Hayward, Keith (1983). Government and British Civil Aerospace: A Case Study in Post-War Technology Policy. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-0877-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7190-0877-8"><bdi>0-7190-0877-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Government+and+British+Civil+Aerospace%3A+A+Case+Study+in+Post-War+Technology+Policy&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-7190-0877-8&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartyn1996" class="citation book cs1">Martyn, Gregory (1996). Dirty tricks: British Airways' Secret War Against Virgin Atlantic. Warner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7515-1063-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7515-1063-7"><bdi>0-7515-1063-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dirty+tricks%3A+British+Airways%27+Secret+War+Against+Virgin+Atlantic&rft.pub=Warner&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7515-1063-7&rft.aulast=Martyn&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillward2008" class="citation book cs1">Millward, Liz (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womeninbritishim0000mill">Women in British Imperial Airspace, 1922–1937</a>. 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Sidgwick and Jackson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=High+Risk%3A+The+Politics+of+the+Air&rft.pub=Sidgwick+and+Jackson&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVotteler1988" class="citation book cs1">Votteler, Thom (1988). International Directory of Company Histories, Volume 43. St. James Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55862-461-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-55862-461-9"><bdi>1-55862-461-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Directory+of+Company+Histories%2C+Volume+43&rft.pub=St.+James+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=1-55862-461-9&rft.aulast=Votteler&rft.aufirst=Thom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodley2004" class="citation book cs1">Woodley, Charles (2004). BOAC: An Illustrated History. Tempus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-3161-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-3161-7"><bdi>0-7524-3161-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BOAC%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7524-3161-7&rft.aulast=Woodley&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell-Smith1986" class="citation book cs1">Campbell-Smith, Duncan (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britishairwaysst00camp">The British Airways Story: Struggle for Take-Off</a>. Hodder and Stoughton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-39495-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-39495-1"><bdi>0-340-39495-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Airways+Story%3A+Struggle+for+Take-Off&rft.pub=Hodder+and+Stoughton&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-340-39495-1&rft.aulast=Campbell-Smith&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbritishairwaysst00camp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorke1986" class="citation book cs1">Corke, Alison (1986). British Airways: the path to profitability. Pan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-330-29570-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-330-29570-5"><bdi>0-330-29570-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Airways%3A+the+path+to+profitability&rft.pub=Pan&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-330-29570-5&rft.aulast=Corke&rft.aufirst=Alison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishopJohn_Anderson_KayColin_P._Mayer1994" class="citation book cs1">Bishop, Matthew; John Anderson Kay; Colin P. Mayer (1994). Privatization and economic performance. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-877344-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-877344-7"><bdi>0-19-877344-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Privatization+and+economic+performance&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-19-877344-7&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=John+Anderson+Kay&rft.au=Colin+P.+Mayer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonne1991" class="citation book cs1">Donne, Michael (1991). Above us the skies: The story of BAA. Good Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946555-19-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-946555-19-2"><bdi>0-946555-19-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Above+us+the+skies%3A+The+story+of+BAA&rft.pub=Good+Books&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-946555-19-2&rft.aulast=Donne&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarriott1998" class="citation book cs1">Marriott, Leo (1998). British Airways. Plymouth Toy & Book. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-882663-39-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-882663-39-X"><bdi>1-882663-39-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Airways&rft.pub=Plymouth+Toy+%26+Book&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-882663-39-X&rft.aulast=Marriott&rft.aufirst=Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1989" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Virginia Marianne (1989). Privatization experiences of Britain and Canada: the airlines as a case study. University of Warwick.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Privatization+experiences+of+Britain+and+Canada%3A+the+airlines+as+a+case+study&rft.pub=University+of+Warwick&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Virginia+Marianne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPenrose1980" class="citation book cs1">Penrose, Harald (1980). Wings Across the World: An Illustrated History of British Airways. Cassell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-30697-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-30697-5"><bdi>0-304-30697-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wings+Across+the+World%3A+An+Illustrated+History+of+British+Airways&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-304-30697-5&rft.aulast=Penrose&rft.aufirst=Harald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReed1990" class="citation book cs1">Reed, Arthur (1990). Airline: the inside story of British Airways. BBC Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-563-20718-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-563-20718-3"><bdi>0-563-20718-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Airline%3A+the+inside+story+of+British+Airways&rft.pub=BBC+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-563-20718-3&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBritish_Airways1974" class="citation book cs1">British Airways (1974). British Airways annual report and accounts. British Airways Board.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Airways+annual+report+and+accounts&rft.pub=British+Airways+Board&rft.date=1974&rft.au=British+Airways&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+British+Airways" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_Airways&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 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.portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/29px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/38px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/19px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/29px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/38px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/19px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Airlines_Group" title="Template:International Airlines Group"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_Airlines_Group" title="Template talk:International Airlines Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_Airlines_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Airlines Group"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Airlines_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Airlines_Group" title="International Airlines Group">International Airlines Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Divisions and subsidiaries</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eef;"><a href="/wiki/Aer_Lingus" title="Aer Lingus">Aer Lingus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aer_Lingus_Regional" title="Aer Lingus Regional">Aer Lingus Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aer_Lingus_UK" title="Aer Lingus UK">Aer Lingus UK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eef;"><a href="/wiki/British_Airways" title="British Airways">British Airways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BA_CityFlyer" title="BA CityFlyer">BA CityFlyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BA_EuroFlyer" title="BA EuroFlyer">BA EuroFlyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Engineering" title="British Airways Engineering">British Airways Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Maintenance_Cardiff" title="British Airways Maintenance Cardiff">British Airways Maintenance Cardiff</a></li> <li>Gatwick Ground Services</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSkies" title="OpenSkies">OpenSkies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eef;"><a href="/wiki/Iberia_(airline)" title="Iberia (airline)">Iberia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iberia_Express" title="Iberia Express">Iberia Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Level_(airline_brand)" title="Level (airline brand)">Level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vueling" title="Vueling">Vueling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#eef;"><a href="/wiki/IAG_Cargo" title="IAG Cargo">IAG Cargo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IAG_Cargo" title="IAG Cargo">IAG Cargo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Franchisees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Nostrum" title="Air Nostrum">Air Nostrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun-Air_of_Scandinavia" title="Sun-Air of Scandinavia">Sun-Air of Scandinavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Investments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Europa" title="Air Europa">Air Europa</a> (20%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Destinations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aer_Lingus_destinations" title="List of Aer Lingus destinations">Aer Lingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Airways_destinations" title="List of British Airways destinations">British Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iberia_destinations" title="List of Iberia destinations">Iberia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:International_Airlines_Group_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/International_Airlines_Group_logo.svg/150px-International_Airlines_Group_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/International_Airlines_Group_logo.svg/225px-International_Airlines_Group_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/International_Airlines_Group_logo.svg/300px-International_Airlines_Group_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="62" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Airlines_Group#History" title="International Airlines Group">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Iberia_(airline)" title="History of Iberia (airline)">History of Iberia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History of British Airways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Predecessors and acquisitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviaco" title="Aviaco">Aviaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Panam%C3%A1_Internacional" title="Air Panamá Internacional">Air Panamá Internacional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Ltd" title="British Airways Ltd">British Airways Ltd (1935–1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_European_Airways" title="British European Airways">British European Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Midland_International" title="British Midland International">British Midland International</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bmibaby" title="Bmibaby">Bmibaby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_South_American_Airways" title="British South American Airways">British South American Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Airways_Corporation" title="British Overseas Airways Corporation">British Overseas Airways Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Helicopters" title="British Airways Helicopters">British Airways Helicopters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clickair" title="Clickair">Clickair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_Aero_Mar%C3%ADtima_Mallorquina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compañía Aero Marítima Mallorquina (page does not exist)">Compañía Aero Marítima Mallorquina</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_Aero_Mar%C3%ADtima_Mallorquina" class="extiw" title="de:Compañía Aero Marítima Mallorquina">de</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Tr%C3%A1fico_A%C3%A9reo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compañía Española de Tráfico Aéreo (page does not exist)">Compañía Española de Tráfico Aéreo</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Tr%C3%A1fico_A%C3%A9reo" class="extiw" title="es:Compañía Española de Tráfico Aéreo">es</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLASSA" title="CLASSA">Concesionaria de Líneas Aéreas Subvencionadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominicana_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Dominicana de Aviación">Corporación Dominicana de Aviación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Airways" title="Imperial Airways">Imperial Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Level_Europe" title="Level Europe">Level Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva_Air" title="Viva Air">Viva Air</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Former subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BA_Connect" title="BA Connect">BA Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_World_London_City" title="Club World London City">British Airways (BA) Limited (2012–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSkies" title="OpenSkies">OpenSkies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CityFlyer_Express" title="CityFlyer Express">CityFlyer Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brymon_Airways" title="Brymon Airways">Brymon Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Regional_Airlines" title="British Regional Airlines">British Regional Airlines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Former franchisees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comair_(South_Africa)" title="Comair (South Africa)">Comair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loganair" title="Loganair">Loganair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maersk_Air_UK" title="Maersk Air UK">Maersk Air UK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Iberia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iberia_Flight_062" title="Iberia Flight 062">IB062</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_runway_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid runway disaster">IB350</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberia_Flight_401" title="Iberia Flight 401">IB401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Nantes_mid-air_collision" title="1973 Nantes mid-air collision">IB504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberia_Flight_602" title="Iberia Flight 602">IB602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberia_Flight_610" title="Iberia Flight 610">IB610</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberia_Flight_933" title="Iberia Flight 933">IB933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberia_Flight_1456" title="Iberia Flight 1456">IB1456</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">British Airways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Flight_009" title="British Airways Flight 009">BA009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Flight_38" title="British Airways Flight 38">BA38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Flight_149" title="British Airways Flight 149">BA149</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Flight_268" title="British Airways Flight 268">BA268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Zagreb_mid-air_collision" title="1976 Zagreb mid-air collision">BA476</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Flight_2069" title="British Airways Flight 2069">BA2069</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Flight_2276" title="British Airways Flight 2276">BA2276</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Flight_5390" title="British Airways Flight 5390">BA5390</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Aer Lingus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aer_Lingus_Flight_712" title="Aer Lingus Flight 712">EI712</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aer_Lingus_Flight_164" title="Aer Lingus Flight 164">EI164</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Nostrum#Incidents_and_accidents" title="Air Nostrum">Air Nostrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Midland_International#Incidents_and_accidents" title="British Midland International">BMI</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stockport_air_disaster" title="Stockport air disaster">Stockport air disaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kegworth_air_disaster" title="Kegworth air disaster">Kegworth air disaster</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comair_(South_Africa)#Incidents_and_accidents" title="Comair (South Africa)">Comair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_V%C3%A1zquez_Romero" title="Antonio Vázquez Romero">Antonio Vázquez Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Walsh_(businessman)" title="Willie Walsh (businessman)">Willie Walsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airways_Flying_Club" title="Airways Flying Club">Airways Flying Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airways_ethnic_liveries" title="British Airways ethnic liveries">British Airways ethnic liveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airways_fleet" title="British Airways fleet">Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneworld" title="Oneworld">Oneworld</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Speedbird" title="Speedbird">Speedbird</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airline_holding_companies" title="List of airline holding companies">List of airline holding companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Terminal_3" title="Heathrow Terminal 3">Heathrow Terminal 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNS_Global_Services" title="WNS Global Services">Speedwing World Network Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterside_(building)" title="Waterside (building)">Waterside</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:International_Airlines_Group" title="Category:International Airlines Group">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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