CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913536fe1ccfef69',cH: 'UXPxB1swnu9U2Jb7n64vpKWNYA63bgQEFihqPyUsr_g-1739789408-1.2.1.1-ejovvQMEMYVu75LYCIf6BPXAr9NwjkgFKfMAYK0rOdc6J_nGg76WFryw2hcXv85L',cUPMDTk: "\/9999702\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=smjZgKFI3F1UIXEvPqIn0V92EIpaokVfeQjoz4Kd3q8-1739789408-1.0.1.1-UJri.PgJbtV0yM.Sb1lrFsbqykSXrKFLgRJebVm8G3Y",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739789408',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9999702\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=smjZgKFI3F1UIXEvPqIn0V92EIpaokVfeQjoz4Kd3q8-1739789408-1.0.1.1-UJri.PgJbtV0yM.Sb1lrFsbqykSXrKFLgRJebVm8G3Y",md: "0McJUUxaYcT6LIzCYyywFXHSfwnSsO_75nJZDzAK8ik-1739789408-1.2.1.1-YR_h5Fw2vrkYz1VPT0TsbefMjktZJ0VAqWI7RWSrJfXP8ZPsVIiVynvABLIt6Sr8qmIJ2rFaeakMx0E6glHNB7ywwx2CZ358xvnS7mITZQ69Wq9yV5fjqiDX0IAV4N6xVnlINJY5IcJkgcsOJAcCymGXHDxq6eB4WOU6dffLr1EBt0eH14ZBGCYFmixRxiREoRaempc2tGXPeDYCL67TGZZlLLFR0_7n7CvZmyYyNnNfBkBZESyqY7xI0UoZPrNQmaO0XyIegb.Wka_hyYIp3NKtNvm9ddzFHAFNHZMfbk1RekpvJ8rnqEIl5LYnPAEVzS6Z4_o_oBxTltogSHEEAtKvKKKG8WFMXvhnVG53tCu0.vriFvbyZBADqUtwxXgG8ZKA4X4SNvoUYr089OGgeRBVsZRCzZ6cAIV0RILht1FGLdKYKYVUi_zaME2vAuOnykvGYB3M9JcvNPiKE_hHScTYDLFZGYiXlnwCZXCqnY45qf53cJuxs301FVmAjpiqDLaWxJCNkW.u.D9X4.LvlA8jPTtMSmBsY5b2sZfEnzAxTxzWD3XBnSGwxZvbtIdDC7DxSxe2Nw5C_zi20Urj238Lpaz494f3NG6WrqmgV7iyQtaocghcpDiFupWco64MOZLGGxytyIwY79Y3dGI6TdLkDdEXyiQrajbU8DGHzZxSJDfCmKRhbOwHlYaA4qoipvLuUAHW8GlzKQCmpy2oSEevGUX2O.Qc7vIOyLWYh3kxX725KAJCvCFSVsHGxTlB_iFYW4OQ9LYl7j6AoHLysF9apdNfIeBspXsOyNa8gBsXCQczWpl0WqPZRFQN.i3IjvmtjsMDjfWwW6cBZy9NFiwrleCJSuZLpwPWcAWA4wz3NnDQ7P7vfJOjQsLjXPXKLgiVfMl9poM_39Il2H9aGIf7LQPwRRk7cSGBh2IRVW4K0.MSOmw5a7kki6m0rPaDXFbdetF_U9jrkwYZQWSEBDTuTJRuLZPnU65o5Ksogzzz7V8.Bk6dwPk1zFuEvJYlzWTmwFsJzeTk9cydWoflNjJJ6hmUxQCcOjz54g8.W8gvdBtiSBBhwQ_N5nv3Otcar_B2ioDpV7uwHJPsQ.nBEAHIEoQRv4gZrgq_e1sIIjH9sH28mRmV85E3vWL1tU8mo9pjLvI1Ylia.9pB9kJ9CW01tB5kP_L1LbDMb4bwtUW9.oc2ULr1RLHgxAwr_d8swPFEs8hGvv.4ST0vVTtJeCta6eaZPC8jHVhZ4j7ExRgH7b2bdvzDUZsjA7kg3cVPirmMvZrRRu7LJ9020zxnO4tVkupg6b1Xz8h_ajqND0E3Go_RKWcTtnD6k0u2D7xKo1vioMsb9UuQxPXlmxlbErCLYW3t0.x.IPk1GEZzgwp07RJTVaPNLAIZU0ju3TuZ1O1E7jVycTZlvvmo2y9.dR1TWJU75mHAW39.QcGfOO503Up8Ou4I_WTz7HDwbYjzGkeYROfqEu5Cgv1VPA.5lkPYoA61VMaKMan3yBaRrlkXTP7_bKk0HwFcyPcTCEKGZbMV6LB.iMu.8.OIuBKzUZB0msCbBAXn09i6yBSD8Ag7ebG8yY8zKRntH7ALVhierJqkOkvY8qYCDftHV8wDBQ_MUw_9s6MVwWzdZY9FxfdHh_BRh.XTfNDaWUs7xsfmtQJxM1r6rbAaJPPya_rqJMDvcYZtbW2ZxWuOQmnoZBF_dhddVKs1VzY2fp_.24zTYPS0RrOsxr052ehaU5dxTS_gXHd4x3uaWUuYYp1anFFlEotQQVGSUFTONzkEm9RZt7Q6Xk_oAY1dGHIytIiFpB5MbA92i48Kz9d0K.MxQnghcX7jVcj8PKo3qHqkj048t.QTEmZ6KA5TpaBaOHQEA_eRa8O0ModuzA45Aa8jkfc",mdrd: "YjtXI2_Jbjwgay7NOQNYz5sgAsJsMSOuRRLhQL6RbmI-1739789408-1.2.1.1-le6WvlTq8ZgTQu6YfUBeLALYY5m0z3MBtDeBkzJurpy0MhaCaXJ52W7ZRk_BRAVCM1_e1tR_f4qcokNicpuLVzNRLuxSWvTzSeiowJ0Lct7pYecwd_x7hP2.n7cyctshhFUtb8Jus71d5UR.BVdtQg3BXwN0mdVlrk7yApytAfpmS2.KlhWmFt3o7h6bRJDA0RVNRDg3quEp_V4HAP7j9wWiza4Ayt41byhWDVfk6RnZ9DJxb6yT05_wglValVNCuZf0YDYpNqaEmNWvtBehlnrTkxtN967bxSrtX8tYuhWDIdRY6nfX4d_B2922QxTjd7Fqu2U9toFIhEeUUF2H9OMtyGKd73ZfYtGCLBQeOwu05ORy0a6M3t9MT415KkgS0rZTHTYeBMEw8f3KROyYlogUUGJgZ6xAGGA_9MsEIr7eqSXtPTD7eNebY3BAyOLhTQ8Qnr6FX2Wah7ns8ctUkRVx8JJh3f.nntqhO7HwI4_QHzPfjtJ0yhLhhsqjm.2tupBVx7K6s4CygGbuCD4_RYquyYlfayWaTqtPgHmVBYuxVcwaL5krgFbkNGQWtLvubA_byhCJ.EP05g_3shYsgJJfKVdRqR9FpzgWyFOfEw_iG9e_KgyFJiiaGDdlkRu7kqiIJf9qpAPaD4U4NKyF0ac23N9PdVbS4yk9akEywkNRH5YdP45S9kS.J2fsn1OYdRSKXKvoDH9_9rAPyWfEBK_FwgRZfDOkg3im3LNlXHuqoeM3dK3J_.Rqv_aT9oA1IDt9OyLUaeI52sBKsChwl3bmABZ7iZwDK3GVFfX3VUAULdr5hsDim00UozlgBk_PFhI79tyzdqZFEMKC8ZP_ja_T8krwJhj4JL62mvgC7aYEoGidPlr0YeJYIWU5d3x0luL9sjOgIrozJIN_WvC8jtD12cRRG2K8QsY_kePZoEM6TRbGwmx1FKap9IdF6ojHWbHkPEvfwSc_VE_ga_I48ttKFQaZWpLXBoSx.7B.CKYKyula8K6e1DOhyW.uBBLdm15k_zYgq_xG1YZrHnF_15J0ogws8FhZS3G1o95OgwoevuKz7Sg4HKo.NvVeg9xVrc3yqaI0kANwcD1nDVfmz.JhwqrdqbRNtBt9VZBAPmjxc0ZhmRnd7VPcx6_FUqgwwQSfLvCqlBjkHVjvYQIv7iajv_IN3rziV1068UydJrl8P0D1.IeKNIeVnmWeG_wk7AMVpcEsTe512awOViexwA6tbhb3qdcNWg7s6ddCbMPM4IXmHVd_xzhvH2MEdjcFfolNN3ErsNPBpE1iAjFMdPnwOBzzhSY7W1EVwxTfuZ18grvEx8I1LZlzu0D3ryOe1lNt6JmoNe3T.VRftNl1sq4XpdnfV0QTw0X728I_8xRxCGQGZLxUHyENFt76J8xehmbNxUp9wPc3X7B6R8PlJn6fFyF3SRlqbHYUOOEdbbUPXXswkBFeD21PhU22Y_QdGrfr2ZcshHLY9Xks5qQbmZYGDOHIGKzMv04hh7OFxdHJikywNZl0KZbrH9KuyRKiiUHJzWVoPgunwvSj7iOY0IH3x2IUu34OFq0YqOsLPx7Jv2nC4M5d2TeqZOAdz0s7yoi08.jorj.QFkhBkri_XxK5UlaZOHNtGLkHZvkX283t.1IH7h3QR0VHPQ71AYEaBa9EBXJCmmJhHQCKy3lp6kFwg0NkmLk9Du68V_HKfim40w0y1GBZjPzZNBVpnCaVvyy90oMzuPYPNVSw0RQ9itL5TfGlxVz4ekrZRfWw0mCz36.UW68EZXK.yVDPT8C3sgu4n3NcrIKy.ar5LmCC9mQwlAHRxoccRArASWi1EJ8Li4W_q.5KG3zgO9qRWoK1Fyt3dtqRNn_yua7R5sGMuTXNPnOaZihVQmv4aLr_5jwsZKV4Ru9T9ceos0ygvArFWUCQl7wHbEicGGNbvpjZ38jrT6zvzaJ27nPAbeZbXEM4OQiiKAqPStlTgRz_FrnQ1iAEqKZDASki5NRI7mnkRw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913536fe1ccfef69';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9999702\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=smjZgKFI3F1UIXEvPqIn0V92EIpaokVfeQjoz4Kd3q8-1739789408-1.0.1.1-UJri.PgJbtV0yM.Sb1lrFsbqykSXrKFLgRJebVm8G3Y" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>