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borosilicate</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: sodium borosilicate"> <meta name="keywords" content="sodium borosilicate"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="sodium borosilicate"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 937</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: sodium borosilicate</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">937</span> Simulation of Immiscibility Regions in Sodium Borosilicate Glasses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamila%20Aboutaleb">Djamila Aboutaleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahim%20Safi"> Brahim Safi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, sodium borosilicates glasses were prepared by melting in air. These heat-resistant transparent glasses have subjected subsequently isothermal treatments at different times, which have transformed them at opaque glass (milky white color). Such changes indicate that these glasses showed clearly phase separation (immiscibility). The immiscibility region in a sodium borosilicate ternary system was investigated in this work, i.e. to determine the regions from which some compositions can show phase separation. For this we went through the conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium, which were translated later by mathematical equations to find an approximate solution. The latter has been translated in a simulation which was established thereafter to find the immiscibility regions in this type of special glasses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20borosilicate" title="sodium borosilicate">sodium borosilicate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat-resistant" title=" heat-resistant"> heat-resistant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal%20treatments" title=" isothermal treatments"> isothermal treatments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immiscibility" title=" immiscibility"> immiscibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamics" title=" thermodynamics"> thermodynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6617/simulation-of-immiscibility-regions-in-sodium-borosilicate-glasses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">936</span> Structural Investigation of Na2O–B2O3–SiO2 Glasses Doped with NdF3</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Gaafar">M. S. Gaafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Y.%20Marzouk"> S. Y. Marzouk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sodium borosilicate glasses doped with different content of NdF3 mol % have been prepared by rapid quenching method. Ultrasonic velocities (both longitudinal and shear) measurements have been carried out at room temperature and at ultrasonic frequency of 4 MHz. Elastic moduli, Debye temperature, softening temperature and Poisson's ratio have been obtained as a function of NdF3 modifier content. Results showed that the elastic moduli, Debye temperature, softening temperature and Poisson's ratio have very slight change with the change of NdF3 mol % content. Based on FTIR spectroscopy and theoretical (Bond compression) model, quantitative analysis has been carried out in order to obtain more information about the structure of these glasses. The study indicated that the structure of these glasses is mainly composed of SiO4 units with four bridging oxygens (Q4), and with three bridging and one nonbridging oxygens (Q3). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borosilicate%20glasses" title="borosilicate glasses">borosilicate glasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20velocity" title=" ultrasonic velocity"> ultrasonic velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20moduli" title=" elastic moduli"> elastic moduli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR%20spectroscopy" title=" FTIR spectroscopy"> FTIR spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20compression%20model" title=" bond compression model"> bond compression model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43470/structural-investigation-of-na2o-b2o3-sio2-glasses-doped-with-ndf3" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">935</span> Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Surface Roughness in Ultra High Precision Grinding of Borosilicate-Crown Glass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Goodness%20Onwuka">Goodness Onwuka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Abou-El-Hossein"> Khaled Abou-El-Hossein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase in the demand for precision optics, coupled with the absence of much research output in the ultra high precision grinding of precision optics as compared to the ultrahigh precision diamond turning of optical metals has fostered the need for more research in the ultra high precision grinding of an optical lens. Furthermore, the increase in the stringent demands for nanometric surface finishes through lapping, polishing and grinding processes necessary for the use of borosilicate-crown glass in the automotive and optics industries has created the demand to effectively monitor the surface roughness during the production process. Acoustic emission phenomenon has been proven as useful monitoring technique in several manufacturing processes ranging from monitoring of bearing production to tool wear estimation. This paper introduces a rare and unique approach with the application of acoustic emission technique to monitor the surface roughness of borosilicate-crown glass during an ultra high precision grinding process. This research was carried out on a 4-axes Nanoform 250 ultrahigh precision lathe machine using an ultra high precision grinding spindle to machine the flat surface of the borosilicate-crown glass with the tip of the grinding wheel. A careful selection of parameters and design of experiment was implemented using Box-Behnken method to vary the wheel speed, feed rate and depth of cut at three levels with a 3-center point design. Furthermore, the average surface roughness was measured using Taylor Hobson PGI Dimension XL optical profilometer, and an acoustic emission data acquisition device from National Instruments was utilized to acquire the signals while the data acquisition codes were designed with National Instrument LabVIEW software for acquisition at a sampling rate of 2 million samples per second. The results show that the raw and root mean square amplitude values of the acoustic signals increased with a corresponding increase in the measured average surface roughness values for the different parameter combinations. Therefore, this research concludes that acoustic emission monitoring technique is a potential technique for monitoring the surface roughness in the ultra high precision grinding of borosilicate-crown glass. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20emission" title="acoustic emission">acoustic emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borosilicate-crown%20glass" title=" borosilicate-crown glass"> borosilicate-crown glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra%20high%20precision%20grinding" title=" ultra high precision grinding"> ultra high precision grinding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71595/acoustic-emission-monitoring-of-surface-roughness-in-ultra-high-precision-grinding-of-borosilicate-crown-glass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">934</span> The Determination of Sodium/Potassium Ion Ratio in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in North-Eastern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20D.%20Uzoh">Raymond D. Uzoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20K.%20Shallsuku"> Philip K. Shallsuku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20S.%20Vaachia"> Christopher S. Vaachia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Selected edible leafy vegetables from North-eastern Nigeria were analysed for their sodium and potassium content in mg/100 g and the ratio Na+/K+ worked out. From experimental results, Venonia amydalina (bitter leaf) contained 150 mg (0.15 g) of sodium and 20500 mg (20.5 g) potassium with a ratio of 0.007, Brassica oleracea var capitata (cabbage) contained 300 mg (0.3 g) of sodium and 19000 mg (19 g) of potassium with a ration of 0.012. Others are Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin) with 400 mg (0.45 g) of sodium and 19500 mg (19.5 g) of potassium with a ratio of 0.020; Hibiscus sabdriffa (sorrel) has 200 mg (0.2 g) of sodium and 600 mg (0.6 g) of potassium with a ratio of 0.300; and Amarantus caudatus (spinach) contained 450 mg (0.45 g) of sodium and 23000 mg (23 g) of potassium with a ratio of 0.020. The presence of sodium and potassium in foods has become increasingly important as recent studies and dietary information gathered in this research has shown that sodium intake is not the sole consideration in elevated blood pressure but its considered as a ratio Na+/K+ fixed at 0.6. This ratio has been found to be a more important factor, suggesting that our diet should contain 67 % more potassium than sodium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetables" title="vegetables">vegetables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium" title=" sodium"> sodium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium" title=" potassium"> potassium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20pressure" title=" blood pressure"> blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diet" title=" diet"> diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foods" title=" foods "> foods </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11091/the-determination-of-sodiumpotassium-ion-ratio-in-selected-edible-leafy-vegetables-in-north-eastern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">933</span> The Oxidative Damage Marker for Sodium Formate Exposure on Lymphocytes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malinee%20Pongsavee">Malinee Pongsavee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sodium formate is the chemical substance used for food additive. Catalase is the important antioxidative enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The resultant level of oxidative stress in sodium formatetreated lymphocytes was investigated. The sodium formate concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/mL were treated in human lymphocytes for 12 hours. After 12 treated hours, catalase activity change was measured in sodium formate-treated lymphocytes. The results showed that the sodium formate concentrations of 0.4 and 0.6 mg/mL significantly decreased catalase activities in lymphocytes (P < 0.05). The change of catalase activity in sodium formate-treated lymphocytes may be the oxidative damage marker for detect sodium formate exposure in human. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20formate" title="sodium formate">sodium formate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalase%20activity" title=" catalase activity"> catalase activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20damage%20marker" title=" oxidative damage marker"> oxidative damage marker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31219/the-oxidative-damage-marker-for-sodium-formate-exposure-on-lymphocytes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">932</span> Optical and Luminescence Studies on Dy³+ Singly Doped and Dy³+/Ce³+ Co-doped Alumina Borosilicate Glasses for Photonics Device Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Monisha">M. Monisha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudha%20D.%20Kamath"> Sudha D. Kamath</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We investigate the optical and photoluminescence properties from Dy³+ singly doped and Dy³+ co-doped with Ce³+alumino borosilicate glasses prepared using high temperature melt-quenching technique. The glass composition formula is 25SiO₂-(40-x-y)B2O₃-10Al₂O₃-15NaF-10ZnO-xDy₂O₃ yCe₂O₃ where, x = 0.5 mol% and y = 0, 0.1, and 0.5 mol%. The XRD study reveals the amorphous nature of both singly doped and co-doped glasses. Absorption study on Dy3+ singly doped glass shows nearly twelve absorption peaks arising from the ground level of Dy³+ ions (⁶H₁₅/₂) to various upper levels, and for Dy³+/Ce³+ co-doped glasses, few of the transitions in the visible region are suppressed. The absorption band edge is shifted towards the higher wavelength region on increasing Ce3+concentration. The decrease in indirect energy bandgap and increase in Urbach energy of the prepared glasses is observed due to codoping with Ce3+ ions. The photoluminescence studies on singly doped glass under 350 nm excitation showed three peaks at the blue (482 nm), yellow (575 nm), and red (663 nm) region. For codoped glasses, the emission peak at 403 nm is raised due to the 4d to 5f transition of Ce3+ ions. Lifetime values (ms) of co-doped glass is found to be higher than singly doped glass. Under 350 nm excitation, CIE coordinates of the co-doped glasses moved towards the bright white light region. The correlated color temperature (CCT) values were obtained in the range 4500 – 4700 K. Thus, the prepared glasses can be used for photonics device applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20spectra" title="absorption spectra">absorption spectra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borosilicate%20glasses" title=" borosilicate glasses"> borosilicate glasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ce%C2%B3%2B" title=" Ce³+"> Ce³+</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dy%C2%B3%2B" title=" Dy³+"> Dy³+</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoluminescence" title=" photoluminescence"> photoluminescence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143577/optical-and-luminescence-studies-on-dy3-singly-doped-and-dy3ce3-co-doped-alumina-borosilicate-glasses-for-photonics-device-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">931</span> The Role of Sodium Alginate in the Selective Flotation of Chalcopyrite Against Pyrite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yufan%20Mu">Yufan Mu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The selective depression of pyrite in the flotation of copper minerals is difficult due to the activation of pyrite surface by copper ions. Novel depressants for pyrite are needed to responsibly extract copper resources for a greener and cleaner future. In this paper, the non-toxic sodium alginate was employed as a depressant to selectively separate chalcopyrite from pyrite in flotation using potassium amyl xanthate as the collector. The results from flotation tests showed that sodium alginate significantly depressed pyrite flotation while had slight influence on chalcopyrite flotation. The adsorption tests showed that the adsorption amount of sodium alginate on pyrite surface was much higher than that on chalcopyrite surface. The pre-adsorbed sodium alginate could effectively hinder the subsequent adsorption of collector on pyrite surface, thereby inhibiting pyrite flotation. The selective adsorption of sodium alginate on pyrite surface was caused by the interactions between the activating cuprous ions on pyrite surface and the carboxyl groups in sodium alginate. The paper shows that sodium alginate is a promising depressant for pyrite in the flotation of chalcopyrite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chalcopyrite%20flotation" title="chalcopyrite flotation">chalcopyrite flotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrite%20depression" title=" pyrite depression"> pyrite depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20alginate" title=" sodium alginate"> sodium alginate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper-activated%20pyrite" title=" copper-activated pyrite"> copper-activated pyrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165954/the-role-of-sodium-alginate-in-the-selective-flotation-of-chalcopyrite-against-pyrite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">930</span> Haematological Indices of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Diets Containing Varying Levels of Sodium Humate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ubu%20Isaiah">Ubu Isaiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gambo%20D."> Gambo D.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Haematological studies are an important diagnosis of nutritional studies. The study investigated the haematological parameters of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed a diet containing different levels of sodium humate. Twenty (20) WAD bucks weighing between 8.154 ± 0.340 kg were used for this study. The bucks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments containing 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/kg diet of sodium humate laid out as a completely randomized design. Data on haematological parameters were obtained and statistically analysed using the generalized linear model (GLM) of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 23). Results showed that sodium humate supplementation (p <0.05) has no significant effect on Neutrophils, Eosinophil, Basophils, and Monocytes, respectively. It was recommended up to 15 g/kg diet supplementation of sodium humate sufficiently enhance the performance of WAD goats as well the improving their haematological indices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haematological%20indices" title="haematological indices">haematological indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goat" title=" goat"> goat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20humate" title=" sodium humate"> sodium humate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157127/haematological-indices-of-west-african-dwarf-goats-fed-diets-containing-varying-levels-of-sodium-humate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">929</span> Preparation and Characterizations of Hydroxyapatite-Sodium Alginate Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Friday%20Godwin%20Okibe">Friday Godwin Okibe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Chinweuba%20Onoyima"> Christian Chinweuba Onoyima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edith%20Bolanle%20Agbaji"> Edith Bolanle Agbaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Olatunji%20Ajibola"> Victor Olatunji Ajibola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymer-inorganic nanocomposites are presently impacting diverse areas, specifically in biomedical sciences. In this research, hydroxyapatite-sodium alginate has been prepared, and characterized, with emphasis on the influence of sodium alginate on its characteristics. In situ wet chemical precipitation method was used in the preparation. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), with image analysis, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The FTIR study shows peaks characteristics of hydroxyapatite and confirmed formation of the nanocomposite via chemical interaction between sodium alginate and hydroxyapatite. Image analysis shows the nanocomposites to be of irregular morphologies which did not show significant change with increasing sodium alginate addition, while particle size decreased with increase in sodium alginate addition (359.46 nm to 109.98 nm). From the XRD data, both the crystallite size and degree of crystallinity also decreased with increasing sodium alginate composition (32.36 nm to 9.47 nm and 72.87% to 1.82% respectively), while the specific surface area and microstrain increased with increasing sodium alginate composition (0.0041 to 0.0139 and 58.99 m²/g to 201.58 m²/g respectively). The results show that the formulation with 50%wt of sodium alginate (HASA-50%wt), possess exceptional characteristics for biomedical applications such as drug delivery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title="nanocomposite">nanocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20alginate" title=" sodium alginate"> sodium alginate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxyapatite" title=" hydroxyapatite"> hydroxyapatite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical" title=" biomedical"> biomedical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR"> FTIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66789/preparation-and-characterizations-of-hydroxyapatite-sodium-alginate-nanocomposites-for-biomedical-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">928</span> Efficacy of Sea Water with Reduced Rate Herbicide to Control Weeds in Tropical Turf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Kamal%20Uddin">Md. Kamal Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Shukor%20Juraimi"> Abdul Shukor Juraimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Parvez%20Anwar"> Md. Parvez Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seawater with reduced herbicide could be considered as a low cost environment friendly alternative method for weed control in turfgrass. Different concentration of sea water in combination with trifloxysulfuron-sodium and quinclorac were used to determine weed control level in turfgrass field. The weed species S. diander, C. aromaticus, and C. rotundus except E. atrovirens were fully controlled when treated with ¾ recommended trifloxysulfuron–sodium with sea water, ¾ recommended trifloxysulfuron–sodium with ¾ sea water, ½ recommended trifloxysulfuron–sodium with sea water, ¾ recommended quinclorac with sea water and ¾ recommended quinclorac with ¾ sea water. Eragrostis atrovirens showed maximum 48% injury when treated with ¾ recommended trifloxysulfuron–sodium and sea water. Among the tested turf grasses, P. vaginatum showed only 8% injury to sea water in combination with ¾ recommended quinclorac, indicating greater salt tolerance. Zoysia japonica also showed no more than 14% injury when treated with sea water in combination with ¾ recommended trifloxysulfuron–sodium or quinclorac. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20water" title="sea water">sea water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trifloxysulfuron%E2%80%93sodium" title=" trifloxysulfuron–sodium"> trifloxysulfuron–sodium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quinclorac" title=" quinclorac"> quinclorac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turf" title=" turf"> turf</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34284/efficacy-of-sea-water-with-reduced-rate-herbicide-to-control-weeds-in-tropical-turf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">927</span> Effects of Preparation Caused by Ischemic-Reperfusion along with Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Submaximal Dynamic Force Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Nasiri%20Semnani">Sara Nasiri Semnani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Ramzani"> Alireza Ramzani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aims: Sodium bicarbonate is a supplementation that used to reduce fatigue and increase power output in short-term training. On the other hand, the Ischemic Reperfusion Preconditioning (IRPC) is an appropriate stimulus to increase the submaximal contractile response. Materials and methods: 9 female student-athletes in double-blind randomized crossover design were three mode, sodium bicarbonate + IRPC, sodium bicarbonate and placebo+ IRPC. Participants moved forward single arm dumbbell hand with a weight of 2 kg can be carried out most frequently. Results: The results showed that plasma lactate concentration and records of sodium bicarbonate + IRPC and sodium bicarbonate conditions were significantly different compared to placebo + IRPC (Respectively p=0.001, p=0/02). Conclusion: According to the research findings, bicarbonate supplementation in IRPC training condition increased force and delay fatigue in submaximal dynamic contraction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ischemic%20reperfusion" title="ischemic reperfusion">ischemic reperfusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preconditioning" title=" preconditioning"> preconditioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20bicarbonate" title=" sodium bicarbonate"> sodium bicarbonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submaximal%20dynamic%20force" title=" submaximal dynamic force"> submaximal dynamic force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89111/effects-of-preparation-caused-by-ischemic-reperfusion-along-with-sodium-bicarbonate-supplementation-on-submaximal-dynamic-force-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">926</span> Evaluation of the Relation between Serum and Saliva Levels of Sodium and Glucose in Healthy Referred Patients to Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samaneh%20Nazemi">Samaneh Nazemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayla%20Bahramian"> Ayla Bahramian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Aghazadeh"> Marzieh Aghazadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Saliva is a clear liquid composed of water, electrolytes, glucose, amylase, glycoproteins, and antimicrobial enzymes. The presence of a wide range of molecules and proteins in saliva has made this fluid valuable in screening for some diseases as well as epidemiological studies. Saliva is easier than serum to collect in large populations. Due to the importance of sodium and glucose levels in many biological processes, this study investigates the relationship between sodium and glucose levels in salivary and serum samples of healthy individuals referring to Tabriz Dental School. This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 40 healthy individuals referred to the Oral Diseases Department of Tabriz Dental School. Serum and saliva samples were taken from these patients according to standard protocols. Data were presented as mean (standard deviation) and frequency (percentage) for quantitative and qualitative variables. Pearson test, paired-samples T-test and SPSS 24 software were used to determine the correlation between serum and salivary levels of these biomarkers. In this study, P less than 0.05% is considered significant. Out of 40 participants in this study, 14 (35%) were male, and 26 (65%) were female. According to the results of this study, the mean salivary sodium (127.53 ml/dl) was lower than the mean serum sodium (141.2725 ml/dl). In contrast, the mean salivary glucose (4.55 ml/dl) was lower than the mean serum glucose (89.7575 ml/dl). The result of paired samples T-test (p-value<0.05) showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the mean of serum sodium and salivary sodium, as well as between the serum glucose and salivary glucose. Pearson correlation test results showed that there is no significant correlation between serum sodium and salivary sodium (p-value >0.05), but here is a positive correlation between serum glucose and salivary glucose (p-value<0.001). Both serum sodium and glucose were higher than salivary sodium and glucose.In conclusion, this study found that there was not a statistical relationship between salivary glucose and serum glucose and also salivary sodium and serum sodium of healthy individuals. Perhaps salivary samples can’t be used to measure glucose and sodium in these individuals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose" title="glucose">glucose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saliva" title=" saliva"> saliva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serum" title=" serum"> serum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium" title=" sodium"> sodium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139414/evaluation-of-the-relation-between-serum-and-saliva-levels-of-sodium-and-glucose-in-healthy-referred-patients-to-tabriz-faculty-of-dentistry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">925</span> The Different Roles between Sodium and Potassium Ions in Ion Exchange of WO3/SiO2 Catalysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kritsada%20Pipitthapan">Kritsada Pipitthapan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> WO3/SiO2 catalysts were modified by an ion exchange method with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution. The performance of the modified catalysts was tested in the metathesis of ethylene and trans-2-butene to propylene. During ion exchange, sodium and potassium ions played different roles. Sodium modified catalysts revealed constant trans-2-butene conversion and propylene selectivity when the concentrations of sodium in the solution were varied. In contrast, potassium modified catalysts showed reduction of the conversion and increase of the selectivity. From these results, potassium hydroxide may affect the transformation of tungsten oxide active species, resulting in the decrease in conversion whereas sodium hydroxide did not. Moreover, the modification of catalysts by this method improved the catalyst stability by lowering the amount of coke deposited on the catalyst surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20sites" title="acid sites">acid sites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkali%20metal" title=" alkali metal"> alkali metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isomerization" title=" isomerization"> isomerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metathesis" title=" metathesis "> metathesis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25493/the-different-roles-between-sodium-and-potassium-ions-in-ion-exchange-of-wo3sio2-catalysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">924</span> Flammability of Banana Fibre Reinforced Epoxy/Sodium Bromate Blend: Investigation of Variation in Mechanical Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Badrinarayanan">S. Badrinarayanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Vimal"> R. Vimal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Sivaraman"> H. Sivaraman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Deepak"> P. Deepak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Vignesh%20Kumar"> R. Vignesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ponshanmugakumar"> A. Ponshanmugakumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, the flammability properties of banana fibre reinforced epoxy/ sodium bromate blended composites are studied. Two sets of composite material were prepared, one formed by blending sodium bromate with epoxy matrix and other with neat epoxy matrix. Epoxy resin was blended with various weight fractions of sodium bromate, 4%, 8% and 12%. The composite made with plain epoxy matrix was used as the standard reference material. The mechanical tests, heat deflection tests and flammability tests were carried out on all the composite samples. Flammability test shows the improved flammability properties of the sodium bromated banana-epoxy composite. The modification in flammability properties of the composites by the addition of sodium bromate results in the reduced mechanical properties. The fractured surfaces under various mechanical testing were analysed using morphological analysis done using scanning electron microscope. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banana%20fibres" title="banana fibres">banana fibres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20resin" title=" epoxy resin"> epoxy resin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20bromate" title=" sodium bromate"> sodium bromate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flammability%20test" title=" flammability test"> flammability test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20deflection" title=" heat deflection"> heat deflection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30169/flammability-of-banana-fibre-reinforced-epoxysodium-bromate-blend-investigation-of-variation-in-mechanical-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">923</span> Investigation of Some Flotation Parameters and the Role of Dispersants in the Flotation of Chalcopyrite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20A.%20Taner">H. A. Taner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20%C3%96nen"> V. Önen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A suitable choice of flotation parameters and reagents have a strong effect on the effectiveness of flotation process. The objective of this paper is to give an overview of the flotation of chalcopyrite with the different conditions and dispersants. Flotation parameters such as grinding time, pH, type, and dosage of dispersant were investigated. In order to understand the interaction of some dispersants, sodium silicate, sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium polyphosphate were used. The optimum results were obtained at a pH of 11.5 and a grinding time of 10 minutes. A copper concentrate was produced assaying 29.85% CuFeS<sub>2</sub> and 65.97% flotation recovery under optimum rougher ﬂotation conditions with sodium silicate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chalcopyrite" title="chalcopyrite">chalcopyrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersant" title=" dispersant"> dispersant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flotation" title=" flotation"> flotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reagent" title=" reagent"> reagent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91056/investigation-of-some-flotation-parameters-and-the-role-of-dispersants-in-the-flotation-of-chalcopyrite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91056.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">922</span> Studies on Partial Replacement of Cement by Rice Husk Ash under Sodium Phosphate Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dharmana%20Pradeep">Dharmana Pradeep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandan%20Kumar%20Patnaikuni"> Chandan Kumar Patnaikuni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20V.%20S.%20Venugopal"> N. V. S. Venugopal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is a green product contains carbon and also loaded with silica. For the development of durability and strength of any concrete, curing phenomenon shall be very important. In this communication, we reported the exposure of partial replacement of cement with RHA at different percentages of 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% by weight under sodium phosphate curing atmosphere. The mix is designed for M40 grade concrete with the proportions of 1:2.2:3.72. The tests conducted on concrete was a compressive strength, and the specimens were cured in normal water & exposed to the chemical solution for 7, 28 & 56 days. For chemical curing 0.5% & 1% concentrated sodium phosphates were used and were compared with normal concrete strength results. The strength of specimens of 1% sodium phosphate exposure showed that the compressive strength decreased with increase in RHA percentages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20husk%20ash" title="rice husk ash">rice husk ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20phosphate" title=" sodium phosphate"> sodium phosphate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curing" title=" curing"> curing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67999/studies-on-partial-replacement-of-cement-by-rice-husk-ash-under-sodium-phosphate-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">921</span> In-Situ LDH Formation of Sodium Aluminate Activated Slag</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Liu">Tao Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qingliang%20Yu"> Qingliang Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20J.%20H.%20Brouwers"> H. J. H. Brouwers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among the reaction products in the alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (AAS), the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have a remarkable capacity of chloride and heavy metal ions absorption. The promotion of LDH phases in the AAS matrix can increase chloride resistance. The objective of this study is that use the different dosages of sodium aluminate to activate slag, consequently promoting the formation of in-situ LDH. The hydration kinetics of the sodium aluminate activated slag (SAAS) was tested by the isothermal calorimetry. Meanwhile, the reaction products were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The sodium hydroxide-activated slag is selected as the reference. The results of XRD, TGA, and FTIR showed that the formation of LDH in SAAS was increased by the aluminate dosages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20granulated%20blast%20furnace%20slag" title="ground granulated blast furnace slag">ground granulated blast furnace slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20aluminate%20activated%20slag" title=" sodium aluminate activated slag"> sodium aluminate activated slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20LDH%20formation" title=" in-situ LDH formation"> in-situ LDH formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chloride%20absorption" title=" chloride absorption"> chloride absorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143331/in-situ-ldh-formation-of-sodium-aluminate-activated-slag" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">920</span> Silicon-To-Silicon Anodic Bonding via Intermediate Borosilicate Layer for Passive Flow Control Valves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luc%20Conti">Luc Conti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitry%20Dumont-Fillon"> Dimitry Dumont-Fillon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harald%20van%20Lintel"> Harald van Lintel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Chappel"> Eric Chappel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flow control valves comprise a silicon flexible membrane that deflects against a substrate, usually made of glass, containing pillars, an outlet hole, and anti-stiction features. However, there is a strong interest in using silicon instead of glass as substrate material, as it would simplify the process flow by allowing the use of well controlled anisotropic etching. Moreover, specific devices demanding a bending of the substrate would also benefit from the inherent outstanding mechanical strength of monocrystalline silicon. Unfortunately, direct Si-Si bonding is not easily achieved with highly structured wafers since residual stress may prevent the good adhesion between wafers. Using a thermoplastic polymer, such as parylene, as intermediate layer is not well adapted to this design as the wafer-to-wafer alignment is critical. An alternative anodic bonding method using an intermediate borosilicate layer has been successfully tested. This layer has been deposited onto the silicon substrate. The bonding recipe has been adapted to account for the presence of the SOI buried oxide and intermediate glass layer in order not to exceed the breakdown voltage. Flow control valves dedicated to infusion of viscous fluids at very high pressure have been made and characterized. The results are compared to previous data obtained using the standard anodic bonding method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anodic%20bonding" title="anodic bonding">anodic bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporated%20glass" title=" evaporated glass"> evaporated glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20control%20valve" title=" flow control valve"> flow control valve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery" title=" drug delivery"> drug delivery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84030/silicon-to-silicon-anodic-bonding-via-intermediate-borosilicate-layer-for-passive-flow-control-valves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">919</span> Preparation and Characterization of α–Alumina with Low Sodium Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyung%20Soo%20Jeon">Gyung Soo Jeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Bae%20Kim"> Hong Bae Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi%20Jung%20Oh"> Chi Jung Oh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to prepare the α-alumina with low content of sodium oxide from aluminum trihydroxide as a reactant, three kinds of methods were employed as follows; the mixture of Chamotte (aggregate composed of silica and alumina), ammonium chloride and aluminum fluoride with aluminum trihydroxide under 1600°C, respectively. The sodium oxide in α-alumina produced above methods was analyzed by XRF and the particle size distribution was determined by particle size analyzer, and the specific surface area of α-alumina was measured by BET method, and phase of α-alumina produced was confirmed by XRD. Acknowledgement: This research was supported by Development Program of Technical Innovation funded by Korea Technology and Information Promotion Agency for SMEs (KTIP-2016-S2401821). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-alumina" title="α-alumina">α-alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20oxide" title=" sodium oxide"> sodium oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20trihydroxide" title=" aluminum trihydroxide"> aluminum trihydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chamotte" title=" Chamotte"> Chamotte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonium%20chloride" title=" ammonium chloride"> ammonium chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20fluoride" title=" aluminum fluoride"> aluminum fluoride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66138/preparation-and-characterization-of-a-alumina-with-low-sodium-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">918</span> Optimization of Sodium Lauryl Surfactant Concentration for Nanoparticle Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwatoyin%20Joseph%20Gbadeyan">Oluwatoyin Joseph Gbadeyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarp%20Adali"> Sarp Adali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bright%20%20Glen"> Bright Glen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruce%20Sithole"> Bruce Sithole</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sodium lauryl surfactant concentration optimization, for nanoparticle production, provided the platform for advanced research studies. Different concentrations (0.05 %, 0.1 %, and 0.2 %) of sodium lauryl surfactant was added to snail shells powder during milling processes for producing CaCO3 at smaller particle size. Epoxy nanocomposites prepared at filler content 2 wt.% synthesized with different volumes of sodium lauryl surfactant were fabricated using a conventional resin casting method. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, stiffness, and hardness of prepared nanocomposites was investigated to determine the effect of sodium lauryl surfactant concentration on nanocomposite properties. It was observed that the loading of the synthesized nano-calcium carbonate improved the mechanical properties of neat epoxy at lower concentrations of sodium lauryl surfactant 0.05 %. Meaningfully, loading of achatina fulica snail shell nanoparticles manufactures, with small concentrations of sodium lauryl surfactant 0.05 %, increased the neat epoxy tensile strength by 26%, stiffness by 55%, and hardness by 38%. Homogeneous dispersion facilitated, by the addition of sodium lauryl surfactant during milling processes, improved mechanical properties. Research evidence suggests that nano-CaCO3, synthesized from achatina fulica snail shell, possesses suitable reinforcement properties that can be used for nanocomposite fabrication. The evidence showed that adding small concentrations of sodium lauryl surfactant 0.05 %, improved dispersion of nanoparticles in polymetrix material that provided mechanical properties improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20lauryl%20surfactant" title="sodium lauryl surfactant">sodium lauryl surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties "> mechanical properties </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=achatina%20fulica%20snail%20shel" title=" achatina fulica snail shel"> achatina fulica snail shel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20carbonate%20nanopowder" title=" calcium carbonate nanopowder"> calcium carbonate nanopowder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117128/optimization-of-sodium-lauryl-surfactant-concentration-for-nanoparticle-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">917</span> Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety Profile of Tolvaptan Administered in Hyponatremia Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sree%20Vennela%20P.">Sree Vennela P.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Samyuktha%20Bhardwaj"> V. Samyuktha Bhardwaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hyponatremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which the sodium ion concentration in the serum is lower than normal. Sodium is the dominant extracellular cation (positive ion) and cannot freely cross from the interstitial space through the cell membrane, into the cell. Its homeostasis (stability of concentration) inside the cell is vital to the normal function of any cell. Normal serum sodium levels are between 135 and 145 mEq/L. Hyponatremia is defined as a serum level of less than 135 mEq/L and is considered severe when the serum level is below 125 mEq/L. In the vast majority of cases, Hyponatremia occurs as a result of excess body water diluting the serum sodium (salt level in the blood). Hyponatremia is often a complication of other medical illnesses in which excess water accumulates in the body at a higher rate than can be excreted (for example in congestive heart failure, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, SIADH, or polydipsia). Sometimes it may be a result of over-hydration (drinking too much water).Lack of sodium (salt) is very rarely the cause of Hyponatremia, although it can promote Hyponatremia indirectly. In particular, sodium loss can lead to a state of volume depletion (loss of blood volume in the body), with volume depletion serving as a signal for the release of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone). As a result of ADH-stimulated water retention (too much water in the body), blood sodium becomes diluted and Hyponatremia results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tolvaptan" title="Tolvaptan">Tolvaptan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyponatremia" title=" hyponatremia"> hyponatremia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syndrome%20of%20insufficient%20anti%20diuretic%20hormone%20%28SIADH%29" title=" syndrome of insufficient anti diuretic hormone (SIADH)"> syndrome of insufficient anti diuretic hormone (SIADH)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=euvolemic%20hyponatremia" title=" euvolemic hyponatremia"> euvolemic hyponatremia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46075/therapeutic-efficacy-and-safety-profile-of-tolvaptan-administered-in-hyponatremia-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">916</span> Artificial Neural Network in Ultra-High Precision Grinding of Borosilicate-Crown Glass </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Goodness%20Onwuka">Goodness Onwuka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Abou-El-Hossein"> Khaled Abou-El-Hossein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Borosilicate-crown (BK7) glass has found broad application in the optic and automotive industries and the growing demands for nanometric surface finishes is becoming a necessity in such applications. Thus, it has become paramount to optimize the parameters influencing the surface roughness of this precision lens. The research was carried out on a 4-axes Nanoform 250 precision lathe machine with an ultra-high precision grinding spindle. The experiment varied the machining parameters of feed rate, wheel speed and depth of cut at three levels for different combinations using Box Behnken design of experiment and the resulting surface roughness values were measured using a Taylor Hobson Dimension XL optical profiler. Acoustic emission monitoring technique was applied at a high sampling rate to monitor the machining process while further signal processing and feature extraction methods were implemented to generate the input to a neural network algorithm. This paper highlights the training and development of a back propagation neural network prediction algorithm through careful selection of parameters and the result show a better classification accuracy when compared to a previously developed response surface model with very similar machining parameters. Hence artificial neural network algorithms provide better surface roughness prediction accuracy in the ultra-high precision grinding of BK7 glass. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20emission%20technique" title="acoustic emission technique">acoustic emission technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title=" artificial neural network"> artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra-high%20precision%20grinding" title=" ultra-high precision grinding"> ultra-high precision grinding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71649/artificial-neural-network-in-ultra-high-precision-grinding-of-borosilicate-crown-glass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">915</span> Polyacrylate Modified Copper Nanoparticles with Controlled Size</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Prucek">Robert Prucek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ale%C5%A1%20Pan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek"> Aleš Panáček</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Filip"> Jan Filip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Libor%20Kv%C3%ADtek"> Libor Kvítek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radek%20Zbo%C5%99il"> Radek Zbořil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The preparation of Cu nanoparticles (NPs) through the reduction of copper ions by sodium borohydride in the presence of sodium polyacrylate with a molecular weight of 1200 is reported. Cu NPs were synthesized at a concentration of copper salt equal to 2.5, 5, and 10 mM, and at a molar ratio of copper ions and monomeric unit of polyacrylate equal to 1:2. The as-prepared Cu NPs have diameters of about 2.5–3 nm for copper concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mM, and 6 nm for copper concentration of 10 mM. Depending on the copper salt concentration and concentration of additionally added polyacrylate to Cu particle dispersion, primarily formed NPs grow through the process of aggregation and/or coalescence into clusters and/or particles with a diameter between 20–100 nm. The amount of additionally added sodium polyacrylate influences the stability of Cu particles against air oxidation. The catalytic efficiency of the prepared Cu particles for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol is discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper" title="copper">copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20polyacrylate" title=" sodium polyacrylate"> sodium polyacrylate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4-nitrophenol" title=" 4-nitrophenol"> 4-nitrophenol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6486/polyacrylate-modified-copper-nanoparticles-with-controlled-size" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">914</span> Effect of Salt Forms and Concentrations on the Alveograph and Extensigraph Parameters of Rye Flour</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P%C3%A9ter%20Sipos">Péter Sipos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerda%20Di%C3%B3si"> Gerda Diósi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariann%20M%C3%B3r%C3%A9"> Mariann Móré</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zs%C3%B3fia%20Szigeti"> Zsófia Szigeti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several medical research found that the sodium is one of the main risk factor of high blood pressure and reason for different cardiovascular diseases, while sodium chloride is one of the most ancient food additives. As people consume much more sodium chloride as the recommended value several salt reduction programs started worldwide in the last years. The cereal products are the main source of sodium, and the bakery products are one of the main targets of these programs. In this paper we have evaluated the effects of different concentrations of sodium chloride on the alveo graphical and extensi graphical parameters of rye flours to determine whether it has the same strengthening effect on the dough texture as it was found in the case of wheat flours and these effects were compared to the effects of other salt forms. We found that while the strength of rye flours are similar to the ones of wheat flour, rye flours are much less extensible. The effects of salt concentrations are less significant on the rheological properties of rye flour than on the wheat flour and there is no significant difference between the effects of different salts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alveograph" title="alveograph">alveograph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extensigraph" title=" extensigraph"> extensigraph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rye%20flour" title=" rye flour"> rye flour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt" title=" salt"> salt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23490/effect-of-salt-forms-and-concentrations-on-the-alveograph-and-extensigraph-parameters-of-rye-flour" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">913</span> Corrosion Fatigue of Al-Mg Alloy 5052 in Sodium Chloride Solution Contains Some Inhibitors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Ahmed%20Eldwaib">Khalid Ahmed Eldwaib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, Al-Mg alloy 5052 was used as the testing material. Corrosion fatigue life was studied for the alloy in 3.5% NaCl (pH=1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11), and 3.5% NaCl (pH=1) with inhibitors. The compound inhibitors were composed mainly of phosphate (PO4³-), adding a certain proportion of other nontoxic inhibitors so as to select alternatives to environmentally hazardous chromate (Cr2O7²-). The inhibitors were sodium dichromate Na2Cr2O7, sodium phosphate Na3PO4, sodium molybdate Na2MoO4, and sodium citrate Na3C6H5O7. The total amount of inhibiting pigments was at different concentrations (250,500,750, and 1000 ppm) in the solutions. Corrosion fatigue behavior was studied by using plane-bending corrosion fatigue machine with stress ratio R=0.5 and under the constant frequency of 13.3 Hz. Results show that in 3.5% NaCl the highest fatigue life (number of cycles to failure Nf) is obtained at pH=5 where the oxide film on aluminum has very low solubility, and the lowest number of cycles is obtained at pH=1, where the media is too aggressive (extremely acidic). When the concentration of inhibitor increases the cycles to failure increase. The surface morphology and fracture section of the specimens had been characterized through scanning electron microscope (SEM). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Mg%20alloy%205052" title="Al-Mg alloy 5052">Al-Mg alloy 5052</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue" title=" fatigue"> fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitors" title=" inhibitors"> inhibitors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71775/corrosion-fatigue-of-al-mg-alloy-5052-in-sodium-chloride-solution-contains-some-inhibitors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">912</span> Effect of Sodium Aluminate on Compressive Strength of Geopolymer at Elevated Temperatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Hoi%20Heo">Ji Hoi Heo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Seong%20Park"> Jun Seong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyo%20Kim"> Hyo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Geopolymer is an inorganic material synthesized by alkali activation of source materials rich in soluble SiO<sub>2 </sub>and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Many researches have studied the effect of aluminum species on the synthesis of geopolymer. However, it is still unclear about the influence of Al additives on the properties of geopolymer. The current study identified the role of the Al additive on the thermal performance of fly ash based geopolymer and observing the microstructure development of the composite. NaOH pellets were dissolved in water for 14 M (14 moles/L) sodium hydroxide solution which was used as an alkali activator. The weight ratio of alkali activator to fly ash was 0.40. Sodium aluminate powder was employed as an Al additive and added in amounts of 0.5 wt.% to 2 wt.% by the weight of fly ash. The mixture of alkali activator and fly ash was cured in a 75°C dry oven for 24 hours. Then, the hardened geopolymer samples were exposed to 300°C, 600°C and 900°C for 2 hours, respectively. The initial compressive strength after oven curing increased with increasing sodium aluminate content. It was also observed in SEM results that more amounts of geopolymer composite were synthesized as sodium aluminate was added. The compressive strength increased with increasing heating temperature from 300°C to 600°C regardless of sodium aluminate addition. It was consistent with the ATR-FTIR results that the peak position related to asymmetric stretching vibrations of Si-O-T (T: Si or Al) shifted to higher wavenumber as the heating temperature increased, indicating the further geopolymer reaction. In addition, geopolymer sample with higher content of sodium aluminate showed better compressive strength. It was also reflected on the IR results by more shift of the peak position assigned to Si-O-T toward the higher wavenumber. However, the compressive strength decreased after being exposed to 900°C in all samples. The degree of reduction in compressive strength was decreased with increasing sodium aluminate content. The deterioration in compressive strength was most severe in the geopolymer sample without sodium aluminate additive, while the samples with sodium aluminate addition showed better thermal durability at 900°C. This is related to the phase transformation with the occurrence of nepheline phase at 900°C, which was most predominant in the sample without sodium aluminate. In this work, it was concluded that sodium aluminate could be a good additive in the geopolymer synthesis by showing the improved compressive strength at elevated temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title="compressive strength">compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash%20based%20geopolymer" title=" fly ash based geopolymer"> fly ash based geopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure%20development" title=" microstructure development"> microstructure development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na-aluminate" title=" Na-aluminate"> Na-aluminate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106660/effect-of-sodium-aluminate-on-compressive-strength-of-geopolymer-at-elevated-temperatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">911</span> Intrarenal Injection of Pentobarbital Sodium for Euthanasia in Cats: 131 Cases, 2010-2011</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathleen%20%20Cooney">Kathleen Cooney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jennifer%20Coates"> Jennifer Coates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lesley%20Leach"> Lesley Leach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristin%20Hrenchir"> Kristin Hrenchir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this retrospective study was to determine whether intrarenal injection of pentobarbital sodium is a practicable method of euthanasia in client-owned cats. 131 Cats were anesthetized using a combination of tiletamine, zolazepam, and acepromazine given by of subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. Once an appropriate plane of anesthesia was reached, 6 ml of pentobarbital sodium was injected into either the left or right kidney. The patient’s age, sex, estimated weight, presenting condition, estimated dehydration level, palpable characteristics of the kidney pre and post injection, physical response of the cat, and time to cardiopulmonary arrest were recorded. Analysis of 131 records revealed that cats receiving an intrarenal injection of pentobarbital sodium had an average time to cardiopulmonary arrest of 1 minute. The great majority (79%) experienced cardiopulmonary arrest in less than one minute with the remainder experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest between 1 and 8 minutes of the injection. 95% of cats had no observable reaction to intrarenal injection other than cardiopulmonary arrest. In the 19% of cases where kidney swelling was not palpable upon injection, average time to cardiopulmonary arrest increased from 0.9 to 1.6 min. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Intrarenal injections of pentobarbital sodium are similar in effect to intravenous methods of euthanasia. Veterinarians who elect to use intrarenal injections can expect cardiopulmonary arrest to occur quickly in the majority of patients with few agonal reactions. Intrarenal injection of pentobarbital sodium in anesthetized cats has ideally suited for cases of owner observed euthanasia when obtaining intravenous access would difficult or disruptive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=euthanasia" title="euthanasia">euthanasia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection" title=" injection"> injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrarenal" title=" intrarenal"> intrarenal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pentobarbital%20sodium" title=" pentobarbital sodium"> pentobarbital sodium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79017/intrarenal-injection-of-pentobarbital-sodium-for-euthanasia-in-cats-131-cases-2010-2011" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">910</span> Evaluation of Malva sylvestris L. Effect on Sodium Fluoride-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Babaei%20Zarch">A. Babaei Zarch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kianbakht"> S. Kianbakht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Fallah%20Huseini"> H. Fallah Huseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Changaei"> P. Changaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mirjalili"> A. Mirjalili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Salehi"> J. Salehi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Malva Sylvestris L. has antioxidant property and is widely used in the traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin and urological disorders. Objective: In this study the protective effect of Malva Sylvestris against sodium fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity in rat were evaluated. Methods: The Malva Sylvestris flower extract was prepared and injected intraperitoneally at the doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day to group of rats ( 10 in each group) for 1 week and subsequently 600 ppm sodium fluoride was added to the rats drinking water for 1 additional week. After these steps, the rats’ serum levels of urea, creatinine, reduced glutathione, catalase and malondialdehyde were determined. The histopathologies of the rats’ kidneys were also studied. Results: Sodium fluoride administration increased levels of BUN, creatinine glutathione, catalase activity and decreased malondialdehyde indicating induction of nephrotoxicity in rats. Malva Sylvestris extract pretreatment significantly decreased the BUN and creatinine levels (P<0.05). Moreover, the levels of catalase and glutathione were increased by Malva, and this increase were also statistically significant (P<0.05). All three doses of Malva extract decreased the malondialdehyde level, but it was significant only for the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day (P<0.05). Histopathological findings also showed protective effect of Malva against renal damage induced by sodium fluoride. Conclusion: The results suggest that Malva Sylvestris has protective effect against sodium fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity maybe mediated by its antioxidant property. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malva%20sylvestris" title="malva sylvestris">malva sylvestris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nephrotoxicity" title=" nephrotoxicity"> nephrotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20fluoride" title=" sodium fluoride"> sodium fluoride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rat" title=" rat"> rat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44227/evaluation-of-malva-sylvestris-l-effect-on-sodium-fluoride-induced-nephrotoxicity-in-rat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">909</span> Preparation, Characterization, and in-Vitro Drug Release Study of Methotrexate-Loaded Hydroxyapatite-Sodium Alginate Nanocomposites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Friday%20G.%20Okibe">Friday G. Okibe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edit%20B.%20Agbaji"> Edit B. Agbaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20O.%20Ajibola"> Victor O. Ajibola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christain%20C.%20Onoyima"> Christain C. Onoyima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Controlled drug delivery systems reduce dose-dependent toxicity associated with potent drugs, including anticancer drugs. In this research, hydroxyapatite (HA) and hydroxyapatite-sodium alginate nanocomposites (HASA) were successfully prepared and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The FTIR result showed absorption peaks characteristics of pure hydroxyapatite (HA), and also confirmed the chemical interaction between hydroxyapatite and sodium alginate in the formation of the composite. Image analysis from SEM revealed nano-sized hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite-sodium alginate nanocomposites with irregular morphologies. Particle size increased with the formation of the nanocomposites relative to pure hydroxyapatite, with no significant change in particles morphologies. Drug loading and in-vitro drug release study were carried out using synthetic body fluid as the release medium, at pH 7.4 and 37 °C and under perfect sink conditions. The result shows that drug loading is highest for pure hydroxyapatite and decreased with increasing quantity of sodium alginate. However, the release study revealed that HASA-5%wt and HASA-20%wt presented better release profile than pure hydroxyapatite, while HASA-33%wt and HASA-50%wt have poor release profiles. This shows that Methotrexate-loaded hydroxyapatite-sodium alginate if prepared under optimal conditions is a potential carrier for effective delivery of Methotrexate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug-delivery" title="drug-delivery">drug-delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxyapatite" title=" hydroxyapatite"> hydroxyapatite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methotrexate" title=" methotrexate"> methotrexate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20alginate" title=" sodium alginate"> sodium alginate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53235/preparation-characterization-and-in-vitro-drug-release-study-of-methotrexate-loaded-hydroxyapatite-sodium-alginate-nanocomposites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">908</span> Mineral Thermal Insulation Materials Based on Sodium Liquid Glass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zin%20Min%20Htet">Zin Min Htet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tikhomirova%20Irina%20Nikolaevna"> Tikhomirova Irina Nikolaevna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karpenko%20Marina%20A."> Karpenko Marina A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, thermal insulation materials based on sodium liquid glass with light fillers as foam glass granules with different sizes and wollastonite - M325 (U.S.A production) were studied. Effective mineral thermal insulation materials are in demand in many industries because of their incombustibility and durability. A method for the preparation of such materials based on mechanically foamed sodium liquid glass and light mineral fillers is proposed. The thermal insulation properties depend on the type, amount of filler and on the foaming factor, which is determined by the concentration of the foaming agent. The water resistance of the material is provided by using an additive to neutralize the glass and transfer it to the silica gel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20insulation%20material" title="thermal insulation material">thermal insulation material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20liquid%20glass" title=" sodium liquid glass"> sodium liquid glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foam%20glass%20granules" title=" foam glass granules"> foam glass granules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foaming%20agent" title=" foaming agent"> foaming agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardener" title=" hardener"> hardener</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apparent%20density" title=" apparent density"> apparent density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92313/mineral-thermal-insulation-materials-based-on-sodium-liquid-glass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20borosilicate&page=2">2</a></li> 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