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Navigating Care for Dementia Patients with Behavioral Disturbances – Nursing Science
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id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-96" class="post-96 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-dementia tag-autonomy tag-behavioral-disturbances tag-care-providers tag-caregiver-support tag-dementia tag-privacy tag-thematic-analysis" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="1200" height="628" src="https://nursing-science.com/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Untitled-2-01-min-scaled-e1725954339930.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Navigating Care for Dementia Patients with Behavioral Disturbances</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-10T13:15:49+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">September 10, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://nursing-science.com/archive/author/nursing-science/" title="View all posts by nursing-science" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">nursing-science</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dementia is a complex disorder that impacts various aspects of the patient’s lives as well as the lives of their caregivers. It is worth noting that behavioral disturbances are among the most difficult concerns in the care of patients with dementia. These upsets can comprise irritability, combative behavior, pestering queries, pacing, and many more, which are troublesome to the patient in addition to the caretaker. They are in different ways sensitive, and, therefore, discerning the best intervention strategies calls for a blend of empathy and tolerance coupled with sound knowledge of the privacy identity/autonomy/security dynamics of persons with dementia.</span></p> <h3><b>Perception of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Disturbances in patients with dementia can present in numerous ways due to behavioral changes from different causes like environmental stimuli, discomfort, the need for certain assistance or care, and changed mental status. Such behaviors are used to communicate something: a patient’s distress, confusion, or discomfort, which, due to their state of mental health, cannot be articulated well. Knowing that one is engaging in such behaviors is the first step towards controlling such behaviors, or rather preventing them.</span></p> <h3><b>The Role of Care Providers</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Namely, caregivers directly intervene in behavioral disturbance management. Thus, their encounters with persons with dementia should be personalized according to the peculiarities of each patient. This is true because of the patient’s medical history, the patient as a person, and the type and severity of dementia. Health care providers also need to avoid so-called ‘proxy decisions,’ that is, making choices on behalf of patients, because clients’ rights cannot be violated too.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Observational research conducted on care relating to dementia has proved that the relationship plan relating to the patients and providers is a multifaceted event that is usually informed by power struggles between preserving the dignity of the patients while addressing other factors. For instance, a patient may completely refuse to bathe or engage in other hygienically related activities, an aspect that triggers irritation to the nature of care among the patients as well as the eventual or inherent caretakers. In the aforementioned circumstances, healthcare givers are required to work on other measures that embrace the patient’s self-governance and integrity but at the same time will observe the well-being and sanitation of the patient.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://nursing-science.com/publication-trends/index/dementia" target="_blank" title="dementia - yearwise publication trends">dementia</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; 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if (!statistics || Object.keys(statistics).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var tableHTML = `<div class='pub-scroll'> <table class='tablediv' border='1' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0'> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Publication Count</th> </tr>`; Object.entries(statistics).sort(([yearA], [yearB]) => yearB - yearA).forEach(([year, count]) => { const displayCount = count === 0 ? 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Privacy is also compromised in patients with dementia due to the necessity of personal care by other people. However, the subject’s privacy should be ensured in order not to violate his/her right to dignity and identity. One important component that care providers have to take into consideration is the patient’s right to privacy; they must work to ensure that the patient receives care with as much regard for this right as possible.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The next important element of the care of patients with dementia is the issue of identity. One of the orphans of the disease is personal identity since individuals suffering from dementia lose their ability to perform many tasks. Concerning the patient’s identity, the care providers should include the patient in goal-directed activities that are relevant to the patient and recognize the patient’s preferences and background. It plays a role in maintaining the individuality of the patients and minimizes the chance of personality fluctuations.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Privacy paradoxically equates to freedom and, further, to identity. It is also worth noting the element of patients’ depersonalization since individuals suffering from dementia are no longer able to make decisions on their own. Nevertheless, the possible degree of patient independence should be supported as much as possible for the patient to be comfortable. This can be achieved by patient participation in healthcare decisions, the provision of options each time, and honoring the patient’s desires.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Protection of the person from harm and emotional distress is a necessity that remains with the person all the time, more so for a patient with dementia. Thus, behavioral disturbances can be an outcome of feeling insecure or developing fear. The precariousness of a generalized live-in patient’s existence can be countered by maintaining the structure of the home to be as stable as possible, being responsive to the patient’s anxiety, whether mild or severe, and pacifying it where necessary.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Behavioral problems continue to be a cause of concern for physicians who work with mentally ill patients and caregivers since they affect the quality of care and the mental well-being of the patients.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Controlling aggression in dementia patients entails the involvement of intervention measures aligned to the environment, words, and action frameworks catering to the uniqueness of the patient.</span></p> <p><b>Environmental Modifications:</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> It can also be ascertained that the environment plays a crucial role in influencing the patient’s behavior, especially dementia patients. This implies that keeping the environment for the patients calm, relaxed, and free from any stimuli that may trigger aggression is a good step towards managing such issues. This may involve the absence of loud and confusing sounds, the elimination of confusion-causing objects, and sticking to familiar objects and routines.</span></p> <p><b>Communication Strategies:</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> The first significant aspect of behavioral disturbances is the need to have proper communication. Attendants should avoid using complex language when speaking to users, and they should try and accompany what they say with gestures. The innominate patient should also be listened to and have their feelings as a patient acknowledged, even if they speak or act inappropriately.</span></p> <p><b>Individualized Care Plans</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Due to this, it will be good to note that each dementia patient is different, and his/her care plan should show. This could involve the provision of occupation in the form of purposeful activities that the patient can engage in as well as specifically targeted interventions to address the patient’s behavioral symptoms. The patient-healthcare provider interaction may be followed by an examination of the event in an attempt to establish the strengths and weaknesses of the process. It is useful in establishing better ways of handling behavioral problems in that it must be noted that the thematic analysis of these dialogues can provide ideas of what is repetitive and rampant in patients with dementia and their etiquette, as well as the patrons’ reactions to the former group of individuals. This could be beneficial in the assessment of the degree of behavioral disturbances and assist in the design of better treatment plans.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://nursing-science.com/recent-publications/index/dementia" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="dementia - yearwise publication list">dementia</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-papers"></span> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"> <style> .pb-main{ border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .author-main { border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .publication-block { padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .publication-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #000!important; } .publication-block a { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 1em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; color: #000; padding: 0px; } .publication-block a:hover{ color: #227cdc; text-decoration:underline; } .article-scroll { max-height: 445px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: #ababab; border-radius:30px; } .publication-block p { margin-bottom: .5em; font-size: 15px; color: #000; } h3 { font-size: 18px !important; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; } a { padding: 5px; color: #a71c49; } #keyword-papers{ margin-top: 20px; text-align: center; } </style> <script> function decodeString(str) { str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); return str; } function displayResults_recent(papers) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_recent'); if (!papers || papers.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No recent publications found.</p>'; return; } papers.forEach(paper => { var publicationBlock = document.createElement('div'); publicationBlock.className = 'publication-block'; var title_de = decodeString(paper.title); var publicationHTML = ` <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;"><a href="${paper.url}" target="_blank" title="${title_de}">${title_de}</a></div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> ${paper.publishedDate}</p> `; publicationBlock.innerHTML = publicationHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(publicationBlock); }); } function displayKeywordPapers(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-papers'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://nursing-science.com/recent-publications/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - publication list">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var recent_papers = [ { "title": "Admixture mapping of cognitive function in diverse Hispanic and Latino adults: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946675", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Benchmarking of a multi-biomarker low-volume panel for Alzheimer\\\\\\'s Disease and related dementia research.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947090", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Cardiovascular complications in the course of COVID-19 - lessons learned and implications for the future care of patients with viral respiratory diseases: Data from a single center retrospective observational study.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38944910", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Head-to-head comparison of leading blood tests for Alzheimer\\\\\\'s disease pathology.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946970", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The Impact of Training in Multimodal Communication Skills on Psychotropic Medication Use in Dementia Care.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947140", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Barriers and facilitators to diagnosing dementia in migrant populations: A systematic review of European health professionals\\\\\\' perspectives.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38944812", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "An interpretable generative multimodal neuroimaging-genomics framework for decoding Alzheimer\\\\\\'s disease.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947922", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "MRI free water mediates the association between water exchange rate across the blood brain barrier and executive function among older adults.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947942", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Association between serum magnesium levels and cognitive function in patients undergoing hemodialysis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38954308", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Learning from people with dementia what works well for well-being: interviews and focus groups.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38953169", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Subjective cognitive concerns, APOE \u03b54, PTSD symptoms, and risk for dementia among older veterans.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38951900", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Benzodiazepine use in relation to long-term dementia risk and imaging markers of neurodegeneration: a population-based study.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38951846", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Digital Biomarkers for the Assessment of Non-Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Dementia with Lewy Bodies: A Systematic Review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38943394", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Marital History and Cognition in a Chinese Longevity Cohort.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38943391", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Enablers and barriers to delivering person centred dementia care: Perceptions and experiences of diagnostic and therapeutic radiography practitioners.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38943280", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Cognitive and brain morphological deviations in middle-to-old aged autistic adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38944227", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Two new cases with the UBQLN2 gene mutation in Han Chinese.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38943019", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Factors associated with a history of critical wandering among Medic-Alert subscribers.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38943089", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "A Systematic Review of Falls Risk of Frail Patients with Dementia in Hospital: Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38948169", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Dementia in-patient units in psychiatric hospitals: research priority setting.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38949259", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ["Dementia","Behavioral Disturbances","Care Providers","Autonomy","Reflective Dialogue","Thematic Analysis","Caregiver Support"]; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); // function stripslashes(str) { // if (typeof str === 'string') { // return str.replace(/\/g, ''); // } // } </script></p> <h3><b>The Support for Caregivers</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The welfare of the caregiver as well as the dementia patient should be well catered for by health facilities and other health organizations. The responsibility placed on the caregivers causes them to deal with much stress and fatigue. Audio Caring for caregivers: education; equipment, records, and recognitions can assist the overburdened caregivers in communicating their stress and doing more for their charges.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Education interventions should ensure that the caregivers or members of staff have the knowledge and skills to address behavioral problems in the best way possible. Educational programs offered by hospitals or community centers can offer advice, and caregivers can speak to other caregivers about their experiences and coping mechanisms.</span></p> <h3><b>Conclusion</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Managing deterioration in dementia patients entails being faced with the issue of aggressive behavior that comes with the management of the disease, and this is a big challenge that demands interpersonal care. If these behaviors are understood in terms of their causes and the interventions used do not invade the patient’s privacy, crush their identity, enslave their autonomy, or endanger their security, then the quality of dementia patient care can be improved and their well-being can be optimized. Furthermore, more attention has to be paid to caregivers and their needs concerning resources and education to meet the challenges of dementia care and achieve a good outcome for the patients as well as their caregivers.</span></p> <p></p> <h3><b>References</b></h3> <ol> <li>Graneheim, Ulla Hällgren et al. <a href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Interaction-relating-to-privacy%2C-identity%2C-autonomy-Graneheim-Norberg/39b0bd02be1407e12a7170b155a65b17a6287733">“Interaction relating to privacy, identity, autonomy and security. An observational study focusing on a woman with dementia and “behavioural disturbances”, and on her care providers.</a>” <em>Journal of advanced nursing</em> 36 2 (2001): 256-65 .</li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Söderberg S, Lundman B. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12141840/">Transitions experienced by women with fibromyalgia.</a> Health Care Women Int. 2001 Oct-Nov;22(7):617-31. doi: 10.1080/07399330127169. PMID: 12141840.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Shields L, King SJ. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11326401/">Qualitative analysis of the care of children in hospital in four countries-Part 1.</a> J Pediatr Nurs. 2001 Apr;16(2):137-45. doi: 10.1053/jpdn.2001.23466. PMID: 11326401.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Shields L, King S. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11398133/">Qualitative analysis of the care of children in hospital in four countries-Part 2.</a> J Pediatr Nurs. 2001 Jun;16(3):206-13. doi: 10.1053/jpdn.2001.16541. PMID: 11398133.</div> </li> <li>Long, T. and Johnson, M., 2000. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1361900400901067">Rigour, reliability and validity in qualitative research.</a> <i>Clinical effectiveness in nursing</i>, <i>4</i>(1), pp.30-37.</li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Sandelowski M. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9761143/">The call to experts in qualitative research. Res Nurs Health.</a> 1998 Oct;21(5):467-71. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199810)21:5<467::aid-nur9>3.0.co;2-l. PMID: 9761143.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Olson MS, Hinds PS, Euell K, Quargnenti A, Milligan M, Foppiano P, Powell B. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9473889/">Peak and nadir experiences and their consequences described by pediatric oncology nurses.</a> J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 1998 Jan;15(1):13-24. doi: 10.1177/104345429801500103. PMID: 9473889.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Barroso J. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9330563/">Social support and long-term survivors of AIDS.</a> West J Nurs Res. 1997 Oct;19(5):554-73; discussion 573-82. doi: 10.1177/019394599701900502. PMID: 9330563.</div> <div class="citation-actions"></div> </li> </ol> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">dementia</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://nursing-science.com/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.2; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .author-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #227cdc; } .author-block p { margin: 5px 0; } .author-b { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom:10px; } .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 30%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; background: #dcdcdc; padding: 7px 14px; border-radius: 5px; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 10px; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 100%; margin: 10px 0; } } </style> <script> function displayResults_author(authors) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_author'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!authors || Object.keys(authors).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No authors found.</p>'; return; } Object.values(authors).slice(0, 10).forEach(author => { if (author.affiliation.length > 400) { return; } var authorBlock = document.createElement('div'); authorBlock.className = 'author-block'; var author_name=author.name; let key_replace = author_name.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); var authorHTML = ` <h3><a href="https://nursing-science.com/author/index/${key_replace}\/${author.aid}" target="_blank" title="${author.name}">${author.name}</a></h3> <div class="author-b"> <div class="ainfo"><strong>H-Index:</strong> ${author.hindex}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Publication Count:</strong> ${author.paper_count}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Citation Count:</strong> ${author.citation_count}</div> </div> <p><strong>Affiliation:</strong> ${author.affiliation}</p> `; authorBlock.innerHTML = authorHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(authorBlock); }); } function displayKeywordAuthors(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-authors'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach(key => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://nursing-science.com/expert-search/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key}">${key}</a>`; }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var authors_data = { "x4eMK4wBWBy50K-r9pka": { "aid": "x4eMK4wBWBy50K-r9pka", "name": "T. 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