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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Formato proprietario</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 9 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propriet%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_form%C3%A1t" title="Proprietární formát - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Proprietární formát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_file_format" title="Proprietary file format - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Proprietary file format" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formato_cerrado" title="Formato cerrado - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Formato cerrado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format_propri%C3%A9taire" title="Format propriétaire - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Format propriétaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format_fail_proprietari" title="Format fail proprietari - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Format fail proprietari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format_zamkni%C4%99ty" title="Format zamknięty - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Format zamknięty" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formato_propriet%C3%A1rio" title="Formato proprietário - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Formato proprietário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propriet%C3%A1rny_form%C3%A1t" title="Proprietárny formát - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Proprietárny formát" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Власницький формат файлу - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Власницький формат файлу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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<div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Formato_proprietario"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Formato_proprietario"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Formato_proprietario" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Formato_proprietario" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&oldid=141426475" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Formato_proprietario&id=141426475&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFormato_proprietario"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFormato_proprietario"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Formato+proprietario"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Formato_proprietario&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2720536" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>Con <i><b>formato proprietario</b></i> (anche detto <i><b>formato chiuso</b></i>) ci si riferisce a qualsiasi <a href="/wiki/Formato_di_file" class="mw-redirect" title="Formato di file">formato di file</a> di cui non siano liberamente fruibili le <a href="/wiki/Specifica_tecnica" title="Specifica tecnica">specifiche tecniche</a> complete, in opposto al concetto di <a href="/wiki/Formato_aperto" title="Formato aperto">formato aperto</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Molti formati proprietari sono nati come forma di <a href="/wiki/Monopolio" title="Monopolio">monopolio</a> per sfavorire la <a href="/wiki/Concorrenza_(economia)" title="Concorrenza (economia)">concorrenza</a> ad esempio rendendo l'<a href="/wiki/Ingegneria_inversa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingegneria inversa">ingegneria inversa</a> molto complessa <a href="/wiki/Crittografia" title="Crittografia">crittografando</a> i dati, rilasciando le specifiche in modo incompleto o coprendole con un <a href="/wiki/Brevetto_software" title="Brevetto software">brevetto software</a> limitativo (ad esempio in cui il diritto di utilizzo è riservato). </p><p>Alcuni esempi di formati proprietari e il relativa <a href="/wiki/Estensione_(file)" class="mw-redirect" title="Estensione (file)">estensione</a><sup id="cite_ref-AAC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator" title="Adobe Illustrator">Adobe Illustrator</a> <code>.ai</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Adobe Flash</a> <code>.flv</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Systems_Format" title="Advanced Systems Format">Advanced Systems Format</a> <code>.asf</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Interleave" title="Audio Video Interleave">Audio Video Interleave</a> <code>.avi</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DivX" title="DivX">DivX</a> <code>.divx</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.264" title="H.264">H.264</a> (<a href="/wiki/Codec_video" title="Codec video">codec video</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macromedia_FreeHand" title="Macromedia FreeHand">Macromedia FreeHand</a> <code>.fh</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Microsoft Excel</a> <code>.xls</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a> <code>.doc</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">Microsoft PowerPoint</a> <code><a href="/wiki/.ppt" class="mw-redirect" title=".ppt">.ppt</a></code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> <code>.mp3</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a> <code>.mp4</code>, <code>.mpeg4</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero_AG" title="Nero AG">Nero AG</a> <code>.nrg</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSD_(formato_di_file)" title="PSD (formato di file)">PSD</a> di <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Adobe Photoshop</a> <code>.psd</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime" class="mw-redirect" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a> <code>.mov</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealMedia" title="RealMedia">RealMedia</a> <code>.rm</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagged_Image_File_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagged Image File Format">Tagged Image File Format</a> <code>.tif</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio" title="Windows Media Audio">Windows Media Audio</a> <code>.wma</code></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Video" title="Windows Media Video">Windows Media Video</a> <code>.wmv</code></li></ul> <p>Può capitare che un utente possa perdere tutte le informazioni contenute in un formato proprietario se l'unico <a href="/wiki/Software_proprietario" title="Software proprietario">software proprietario</a> in grado di operare correttamente con tali dati non è più reso disponibile<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Spesso la casa madre permette di scaricare gratis il lettore dal suo sito, mentre è a pagamento il programma per la realizzazione dei contenuti, e/o la conversione da o verso altri formati. Diversamente, potendo convertire da e verso altri formati usando un software di un'altra casa, l'utente potrebbe trasformare il file in un formato aperto editabile e riconvertirlo in quello proprietario al termine del lavoro, senza comprare il programma della casa madre<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>In verità c'è una gran confusione su ciò che è e ciò che non è un formato proprietario o di contro aperto. Ad esempio in questa pagina viene citato MP3 come formato proprietario: in realtà il formato, benché brevettato è aperto perché ha la specifica pubblica, stessa cosa dicasi per GIF, TIF, PSD e diversi altri<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il titolare del <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> può rilasciare la specifica con una licenza d'uso che autorizza terzi con differenti livelli di privilegi nei confronti del formato: lettura, conversione da altri formati, conversione in altri formati, creazione e modifica dei contenuti. In genere, chiunque viene autorizzato alla lettura e conversione in altri formati, la modifica dei contenuti è limitata ai soli file creati in altri formati e convertiti in quello proprietario, mentre la creazione è riservata solamente a chi acquista il programma della casa madre. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Icon_pdf_file.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Icona di un file pdf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Icon_pdf_file.svg/220px-Icon_pdf_file.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Icon_pdf_file.svg/330px-Icon_pdf_file.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Icon_pdf_file.svg/440px-Icon_pdf_file.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>Icona di un file pdf</figcaption></figure> <p>A queste autorizzazioni, può seguire una diffusione coerente della specifica, limitatamente alla parte che serve alla lettura e conversione in altri formati. </p><p>Si pensi, come esempio, al formato pdf della società <a href="/wiki/Adobe_(azienda)" title="Adobe (azienda)">Adobe</a>. È un formato proprietario, in un primo periodo era chiuso. Si poteva scaricare gratis il lettore <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Acrobat" title="Adobe Acrobat">Acrobat Reader</a> dal sito della Adobe, mentre erano a pagamento Adobe Acrobat per creare file pdf, e Acrobat Distiller per convertire da altri formati a pdf<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Per un periodo, il formato era ancora chiuso e Acrobat Reader aveva una funzionalità di conversione da pdf ad altri formati, i <a href="/wiki/File_di_testo" title="File di testo">file di testo</a>. Quando la specifica del pdf è divenuta pubblica, sono comparsi programmi gratuiti per convertire da altri formati a pdf, o realizzare contenuti e salvarli direttamente in questo formato. Questi programmi leggono solo "pdf ibridi", ossia generati in altri formati e poi convertiti in pdf. Se si sono convertiti in pdf, è possibile eliminare il pdf, ritornare al formato originale per modificarlo, e convertirli di nuovo in pdf. Questi programmi non possono aprire file che sono nativamente pdf, quelli realizzati con i prodotti Adobe, per i quali serve il lettore della casa madre<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La pubblicazione della specifica tecnica è un modo per diffondere il formato: per renderlo supportato da un maggior numero di programmi, parte dei quali possono essere più noti del lettore della casa madre, ovvero per diventare uno standard internazionale. Ad esempio, la pubblicazione è un requisito per ottenere una qualifica ISO ed essere riconosciuto come standard internazionale. </p><p>Un formato proprietario aperto può essere diverso da un formato <i>open-source</i>, perché il primo può essere modificato solamente acquistando un programma proprietario, mentre i formati <i>open-source</i> possono essere sia letti che modificati da qualunque applicazione. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Esempi">Esempi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Esempi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Esempi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_Office_Excel_(2019%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Icona di Microsoft Excel che produce file proprietari"><img alt="Icona di Microsoft Excel che produce file proprietari" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Microsoft_Office_Excel_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg/120px-Microsoft_Office_Excel_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Microsoft_Office_Excel_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg/180px-Microsoft_Office_Excel_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Microsoft_Office_Excel_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg/240px-Microsoft_Office_Excel_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Icona di <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Microsoft Excel</a> che produce file proprietari</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PSD_file_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Icona di file PSD"><img alt="Icona di file PSD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/PSD_file_icon.svg/97px-PSD_file_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/PSD_file_icon.svg/146px-PSD_file_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/PSD_file_icon.svg/195px-PSD_file_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Icona di file <a href="/wiki/PSD_(formato_di_file)" title="PSD (formato di file)">PSD</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal128-quicktime.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Icona di file QuickTime"><img alt="Icona di file QuickTime" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Crystal128-quicktime.svg/110px-Crystal128-quicktime.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Crystal128-quicktime.svg/164px-Crystal128-quicktime.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Crystal128-quicktime.svg/219px-Crystal128-quicktime.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="116" data-file-height="127" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Icona di file <a href="/wiki/QuickTime_Player" title="QuickTime Player">QuickTime</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adobe_InDesign_CS3_icon.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo di Indesign che crea i file proprietari .indd"><img alt="Logo di Indesign che crea i file proprietari .indd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Adobe_InDesign_CS3_icon.png/120px-Adobe_InDesign_CS3_icon.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Adobe_InDesign_CS3_icon.png/180px-Adobe_InDesign_CS3_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Adobe_InDesign_CS3_icon.png/240px-Adobe_InDesign_CS3_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Logo di <a href="/wiki/Adobe_InDesign" title="Adobe InDesign">Indesign</a> che crea i file proprietari .indd</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adobe_Illustrator_CS3_icon.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo di Illustrator che produce i file proprietari .ai"><img alt="Logo di Illustrator che produce i file proprietari .ai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Adobe_Illustrator_CS3_icon.png/120px-Adobe_Illustrator_CS3_icon.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Adobe_Illustrator_CS3_icon.png/180px-Adobe_Illustrator_CS3_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Adobe_Illustrator_CS3_icon.png/240px-Adobe_Illustrator_CS3_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Logo di <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator" title="Adobe Illustrator">Illustrator</a> che produce i file proprietari .ai</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_Word_2013-2019_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Icona del file proprietario .doc di Microsoft Word"><img alt="Icona del file proprietario .doc di Microsoft Word" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Microsoft_Word_2013-2019_logo.svg/120px-Microsoft_Word_2013-2019_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Microsoft_Word_2013-2019_logo.svg/180px-Microsoft_Word_2013-2019_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Microsoft_Word_2013-2019_logo.svg/240px-Microsoft_Word_2013-2019_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="554" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Icona del file proprietario .doc di <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/proprietary"><span style="font-style:italic;">Mirriam-Webster's Online Dictionary</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">merriam-webster.com</span>. <small>URL consultato l'11 luglio 2008</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opendatahandbook.org/glossary/en/terms/proprietary/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Proprietary</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">opendatahandbook.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 30 ottobre 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAC-3"><a href="#cite_ref-AAC_3-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101031185822/http://www.vialicensing.com/aac_licensefee.aspx"><span style="font-style:italic;">Archived copy</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">vialicensing.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 4 ottobre 2010</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.vialicensing.com/aac_licensefee.aspx">url originale</abbr> il 31 ottobre 2010)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">"Ubuntu's commitment to only include completely free software by default means that proprietary media formats are not configured 'out of the box'...including DVD, MP3, QuickTime, Windows Media, and more." <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats">https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats</a>. See also <cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100328132825/http://www.openformats.org/en5"><span style="font-style:italic;">Archived copy</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">openformats.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 29 marzo 2010</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.openformats.org/en5">url originale</abbr> il 28 marzo 2010)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adobe.com/devnet-apps/photoshop/fileformatashtml/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Adobe Photoshop File Formats Specification</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">adobe.com</span>, Adobe. <small>URL consultato il 9 ottobre 2014</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">The RAR Archiver EULA (End user licence agreement) is embedded in installation files - <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.rarlabs.com/download.htm">[1]</a> - Quotation: "<i>Neither RAR binary code, WinRAR binary code, UnRAR source or UnRAR binary code may be used or reverse engineered to re-create the RAR compression algorithm, which is proprietary, without written permission of the author.</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reading.ac.uk/research-services/Research%20data%20management/Managing%20your%20data/File%20formats"><span style="font-style:italic;">File formats</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">reading.ac.uk</span>. <small>URL consultato il 30 ottobre 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/sustain/sustain.shtml#disclosure"><span style="font-style:italic;">"Sustainability" Digital Preservation</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">digitalpreservation.gov</span>. <small>URL consultato l'8 luglio 2008</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100218033318/http://archive.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/e-government/resources/handbook/html/4-3.asp"><span style="font-style:italic;">web.archive.org</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">archive.cabinetoffice.gov.uk</span>. <small>URL consultato il 30 ottobre 2021</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://archive.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/e-government/resources/handbook/html/4-3.asp">url originale</abbr> il 18 febbraio 2010)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160416014955/http://www.planetpdf.com/enterprise/article.asp?ContentID=Is_PDF_an_open_standard&page=1"><span style="font-style:italic;">planetpdf.com</span></a>. <small>URL consultato il 30 ottobre 2021</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.planetpdf.com/enterprise/article.asp?ContentID=Is_PDF_an_open_standard&page=1">url originale</abbr> il 16 aprile 2016)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myclads.com/pMwGlerM/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Che cosa è Adobe Acrobat Distiller? / Myclads.com</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">myclads.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 30 ottobre 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030183947/https://findanyanswer.com/is-pdf-a-proprietary-format"><span style="font-style:italic;">Is PDF a proprietary format?</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">findanyanswer.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 30 ottobre 2021</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https://findanyanswer.com/is-pdf-a-proprietary-format">url originale</abbr> il 30 ottobre 2021)</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121006020303/http://www.openformats.org/it1"><span style="font-style:italic;">Formati aperti e formati proprietari</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">openformats.org</span> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.openformats.org/it1">url originale</abbr> il 6 ottobre 2012)</small>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Computer_n_screen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Informatica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Computer_n_screen.svg/24px-Computer_n_screen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Computer_n_screen.svg/37px-Computer_n_screen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Computer_n_screen.svg/48px-Computer_n_screen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="119" data-file-height="123" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Informatica" title="Portale:Informatica">Portale Informatica</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di informatica</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&oldid=141426475">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formato_proprietario&oldid=141426475</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Formati_di_file" title="Categoria:Formati di file">Formati di file</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 4 ott 2024 alle 14:17.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; possono applicarsi condizioni ulteriori. 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