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class="language-link" title="Latvian" hreflang="lv">Latvie拧u <span class="auto-translate">[Automated]</span></a></li><li class="lt"><a href="/lt/themes" class="language-link" title="Lithuanian" hreflang="lt">Lietuvi懦 <span class="auto-translate">[Automated]</span></a></li><li class="hu"><a href="/hu/themes" class="language-link" title="Hungarian" hreflang="hu">Magyar <span class="auto-translate">[Automated]</span></a></li><li class="mt"><a href="/mt/themes" class="language-link" title="Maltese" hreflang="mt">Malti <span class="auto-translate">[Automated]</span></a></li><li class="nl"><a href="/nl/themes" class="language-link" title="Dutch" hreflang="nl">Nederlands <span class="auto-translate">[Automated]</span></a></li><li class="pl"><a href="/pl/themes" class="language-link" title="Polish" hreflang="pl">Polski <span class="auto-translate">[Automated]</span></a></li><li class="pt-pt"><a href="/pt/themes" class="language-link" title="Portugu锚s" hreflang="pt-pt">Portugu锚s <span class="auto-translate">[Automated]</span></a></li><li class="ro"><a href="/ro/themes" class="language-link" title="Romanian" hreflang="ro">Rom芒n膬 <span class="auto-translate">[Automated]</span></a></li><li class="sk"><a href="/sk/themes" class="language-link" title="Slovak" hreflang="sk">Sloven膷ina <span class="auto-translate">[Automated]</span></a></li><li class="sl"><a href="/sl/themes" class="language-link" title="Slovenian" hreflang="sl">Sloven拧膷ina <span class="auto-translate">[Automated]</span></a></li><li class="fi"><a href="/fi/themes" class="language-link" title="Finnish" hreflang="fi">Suomi <span class="auto-translate">[Automated]</span></a></li><li class="sv"><a href="/sv/themes" class="language-link" title="Swedish" hreflang="sv">Svenska <span class="auto-translate">[Automated]</span></a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <section id="block-user-account-menu-anonymous" class="block-user-account-menu-anonymous block block-block-content block-block-content60139e37-fc3d-400b-b020-a6da84d981f2"> <div class="field-wrapper body field field-block-content--body field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <div class="login"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=/en/themes" class="login">Login</a></div> <div class="register"><a href="/en/user/register" class="register">Register</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="region region--l-navigation l-navigation-region show-for-xlarge"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-cedefop-foundation-main-menu-menu" id="block-cedefop-foundation-main-menu" class="block-cedefop-foundation-main-menu"> <h2 class="block-title visually-hidden" id="block-cedefop-foundation-main-menu-menu">Main menu</h2> <ul class="menu dropdown main-horizontal-menu" data-disable-hover="true" data-dropdown-menu role="menu"> <li> <a href="/en" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">Home</a> </li> <li class="has-submenu menu-item--active-trail is-active"> <a href="/en/themes" class="themes mega-menu is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="themes">Themes</a> <button type="button" class="main-menu-toggle themes " data-toggle="dropdown--main-menu-2" aria-label="Show submenu for Themes"><span>Show submenu for Themes</span></button> <div id="dropdown--main-menu-2" class="dropdown--main-menu--pane dropdown-pane" data-dropdown data-hover="true" data-hover-pane="true" data-position="bottom" data-alignment="left"> <ul class="menu dropdown" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/en/themes/skills-labour-market" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/45854"> Skills and labour market</a> <div class="submenu-wrapper"> <ul class="menu" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/en/themes/skills-changing-societies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/45875">Skills and changing societies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/themes/skills-changing-workplaces" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/45877">Skills and changing workplaces</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/themes/skills-policies-practices" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/45878">Skills policies and practices</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/skills-intelligence" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/125003">Skills intelligence</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li> <a href="/en/themes/vet-knowledge-centre" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/45863">VET knowledge centre</a> <div class="submenu-wrapper"> <ul class="menu" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/en/themes/vet-youth-teachers-trainers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/45880">VET for youth - Teachers and trainers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/themes/apprenticeships" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/45883">Apprenticeships</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/themes/vet-for-adults" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/45881">VET for adults</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/themes/vet-support-policies-financing-guidance-validation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/45882">VET support policies - financing, guidance, validation</a> </li> 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data-drupal-link-system-path="publications-and-reports">Publications and reports</a> <button type="button" class="main-menu-toggle " data-toggle="dropdown--main-menu-3" aria-label="Show submenu for Publications and reports"><span>Show submenu for Publications and reports</span></button> <div id="dropdown--main-menu-3" class="dropdown--main-menu--pane dropdown-pane" data-dropdown data-hover="true" data-hover-pane="true" data-position="bottom" data-alignment="left"> <ul class="menu dropdown" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/en/publications" data-drupal-link-system-path="publications">Publications</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/country-reports" data-drupal-link-system-path="country-reports">Country-specific reports</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="has-submenu online-tools"> <a href="/en/online-tools" class="online-tools mega-menu" data-drupal-link-system-path="online-tools">Online tools</a> <button type="button" class="main-menu-toggle online-tools " data-toggle="dropdown--main-menu-4" aria-label="Show submenu for Online tools"><span>Show submenu for Online tools</span></button> <div id="dropdown--main-menu-4" class="dropdown--main-menu--pane dropdown-pane" data-dropdown data-hover="true" data-hover-pane="true" data-position="bottom" data-alignment="center"> <ul class="menu dropdown" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/en/tools/apprenticeship-schemes" class="tool-apprenticeship-schemes" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/26433">Cedefop European database on apprenticeship schemes</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/european-database-on-validation-of-non-formal-and-informal-learning" class="tool-validation-db" data-drupal-link-system-path="tools/european-database-on-validation-of-non-formal-and-informal-learning">European database on validation of non-formal and informal learning</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/european-skills-jobs-survey" class="tool-esjs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/148446">European skills and jobs survey</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/european-skills-index" class="tool-skills-index" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/29634">European skills index</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/european-vet-policy-dashboard" class="tool-policy-dashboard" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/146995">European VET policy dashboard</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/financing-adult-learning-db" class="tool-financing-db" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/27016">Financing adult learning database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/financing-apprenticeships" class="tool-financing-apprenticeships" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/32518">Financing apprenticeships database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/key-indicators-on-vet" class="tool-key-indicators" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/125001">Key indicators on VET</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/matching-skills" class="tool-skills-mismatch" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/150956">Matching skills</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/mobility-scoreboard" class="tool-mobility-scoreboard" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/33503">Mobility scoreboard database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/nqfs-online-tool" class="tool-nqf-online" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/125004">National Qualifications frameworks (NQFs) online tool</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/opinion-survey-adult-learning-cvet" class="tool-cvet" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/155296">Opinion survey on adult learning and CVET</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/opinion-survey-on-vet" class="tool-opinion-survey-on-vet" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/27788">Opinion survey on VET</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/resources-guidance" class="tool-guidance-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/25889">Resources for guidance</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/skills-forecast" class="tool-skills-forecast" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/28418">Skills forecast</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/skills-intelligence" class="tool-skills-intelligence" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/125003">Skills intelligence</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/skills-online-vacancies" class="tool-ovate" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/30779">Skills-OVATE</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/stas" class="tool-stas" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/157229">STAS - Short-term anticipation of skills trends and VET demand</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/vet-glossary" class="tool-glossary" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/149886">Terminology of European education and training policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/timeline-vet-policies-europe" class="tool-timeline" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/149789">Timeline of VET policies in Europe</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/vet-in-europe" class="tool-vet-in-europe" data-drupal-link-system-path="tools/vet-in-europe">VET in Europe database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/neets" class="tool-neets" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/30444">VET toolkit for empowering NEETs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/tools/vet-toolkit-tackling-early-leaving" class="tool-vet-toolkit" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/24398">VET toolkit for tackling early leaving</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="has-submenu"> <a href="/en/news-and-events" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-and-events">News and events</a> <button type="button" class="main-menu-toggle " data-toggle="dropdown--main-menu-5" aria-label="Show submenu for News and events"><span>Show submenu for News and events</span></button> <div id="dropdown--main-menu-5" class="dropdown--main-menu--pane dropdown-pane" data-dropdown data-hover="true" data-hover-pane="true" data-position="bottom" data-alignment="left"> <ul class="menu dropdown" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/en/news" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">News</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/events" data-drupal-link-system-path="events">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/newsletters" data-drupal-link-system-path="newsletters">Newsletters</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/press-releases" data-drupal-link-system-path="press-releases">Press releases</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/news-and-events/magazines" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-and-events/magazines">Magazine</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/videos" data-drupal-link-system-path="videos">Videos</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/podcasts" data-drupal-link-system-path="podcasts">Podcasts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/photo-galleries" data-drupal-link-system-path="photo-galleries">Photo galleries</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/news-and-events/media-corner" data-drupal-link-system-path="news-and-events/media-corner">Media corner</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="has-submenu"> <a href="/en/countries" class="countries" data-drupal-link-system-path="countries">Countries</a> <button type="button" class="main-menu-toggle countries" data-toggle="dropdown--main-menu-6" aria-label="Show submenu for Countries"><span>Show submenu for Countries</span></button> <div id="dropdown--main-menu-6" class="dropdown--main-menu--pane dropdown-pane" data-dropdown data-hover="true" data-hover-pane="true" data-position="bottom" data-alignment="right"> <ul class="menu dropdown" role="menu"> <li> <span class="no-link">EU Member States</span> <div class="submenu-wrapper"> <ul class="menu" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/en/countries/austria" class="flag flag-at" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/317">Austria</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/belgium" class="flag flag-be" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/318">Belgium</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/bulgaria" class="flag flag-bg" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/319">Bulgaria</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/croatia" class="flag flag-hr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/329">Croatia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/cyprus" class="flag flag-cy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/320">Cyprus</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/czechia" class="flag flag-cz" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/321">Czechia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/denmark" class="flag flag-dk" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/322">Denmark</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/estonia" class="flag flag-ee" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/323">Estonia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/finland" class="flag flag-fi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/324">Finland</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/france" class="flag flag-fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/325">France</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/germany" class="flag flag-de" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/326">Germany</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/greece" class="flag flag-gr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/327">Greece</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/hungary" class="flag flag-hu" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/328">Hungary</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/ireland" class="flag flag-ie" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/330">Ireland</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/italy" class="flag flag-it" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/331">Italy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/latvia" class="flag flag-lv" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/332">Latvia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/lithuania" class="flag flag-lt" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/333">Lithuania</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/luxembourg" class="flag flag-lu" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/334">Luxembourg</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/malta" class="flag flag-mt" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/335">Malta</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/netherlands" class="flag flag-nl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/336">Netherlands</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/poland" class="flag flag-pl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/337">Poland</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/portugal" class="flag flag-pt" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/338">Portugal</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/romania" class="flag flag-ro" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/339">Romania</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/countries/slovakia" class="flag flag-sk" 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data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18046">About Cedefop</a> <button type="button" class="main-menu-toggle " data-toggle="dropdown--main-menu-7" aria-label="Show submenu for About Cedefop"><span>Show submenu for About Cedefop</span></button> <div id="dropdown--main-menu-7" class="dropdown--main-menu--pane dropdown-pane" data-dropdown data-hover="true" data-hover-pane="true" data-position="bottom" data-alignment="left"> <ul class="menu dropdown" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/en/about-cedefop/who-we-are" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11">Who we are</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-cedefop/what-we-do" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/15">What we do</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-cedefop/finance-and-budget" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Finance and budget</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-cedefop/job-opportunities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/155539">Job opportunities</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/about-cedefop/public-procurement" 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