Polymers | An Open Access Journal from MDPI

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value="engproc" > Engineering Proceedings </option> <option value="entropy" > Entropy </option> <option value="environsciproc" > Environmental Sciences Proceedings </option> <option value="environments" > Environments </option> <option value="epidemiologia" > Epidemiologia </option> <option value="epigenomes" > Epigenomes </option> <option value="ebj" > European Burn Journal (EBJ) </option> <option value="ejihpe" > European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE) </option> <option value="fermentation" > Fermentation </option> <option value="fibers" > Fibers </option> <option value="fintech" > FinTech </option> <option value="fire" > Fire </option> <option value="fishes" > Fishes </option> <option value="fluids" > Fluids </option> <option value="foods" > Foods </option> <option value="forecasting" > Forecasting </option> <option value="forensicsci" > Forensic Sciences </option> <option value="forests" > Forests </option> <option value="fossstud" > Fossil 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</option> <option value="geometry" > Geometry </option> <option value="geosciences" > Geosciences </option> <option value="geotechnics" > Geotechnics </option> <option value="geriatrics" > Geriatrics </option> <option value="glacies" > Glacies </option> <option value="gucdd" > Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease (GUCDD) </option> <option value="grasses" > Grasses </option> <option value="hardware" > Hardware </option> <option value="healthcare" > Healthcare </option> <option value="hearts" > Hearts </option> <option value="hemato" > Hemato </option> <option value="hematolrep" > Hematology Reports </option> <option value="heritage" > Heritage </option> <option value="histories" > Histories </option> <option value="horticulturae" > Horticulturae </option> <option value="hospitals" > Hospitals </option> <option value="humanities" > Humanities </option> <option value="humans" > Humans </option> <option value="hydrobiology" > Hydrobiology </option> <option value="hydrogen" > 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Journal of Plant Biology (IJPB) </option> <option value="ijt" > International Journal of Topology </option> <option value="ijtm" > International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM) </option> <option value="ijtpp" > International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP) </option> <option value="ime" > International Medical Education (IME) </option> <option value="inventions" > Inventions </option> <option value="IoT" > IoT </option> <option value="ijgi" > ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI) </option> <option value="J" > J </option> <option value="jal" > Journal of Ageing and Longevity (JAL) </option> <option value="jcdd" > Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD) </option> <option value="jcto" > Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology (JCTO) </option> <option value="jcm" > Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM) </option> <option value="jcs" > Journal of Composites Science (J. Compos. Sci.) </option> <option value="jcp" > Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy (JCP) </option> <option value="jdad" > Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease (JDAD) </option> <option value="jdb" > Journal of Developmental Biology (JDB) </option> <option value="jeta" > Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA) </option> <option value="jfb" > Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB) </option> <option value="jfmk" > Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK) </option> <option value="jof" > Journal of Fungi (JoF) </option> <option value="jimaging" > Journal of Imaging (J. Imaging) </option> <option value="jintelligence" > Journal of Intelligence (J. Intell.) </option> <option value="jlpea" > Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA) </option> <option value="jmmp" > Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP) </option> <option value="jmse" > Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (JMSE) </option> <option value="jmahp" > Journal of Market Access & Health Policy (JMAHP) </option> <option value="jmp" > Journal of Molecular Pathology (JMP) </option> <option value="jnt" > Journal of Nanotheranostics (JNT) </option> <option value="jne" > Journal of Nuclear Engineering (JNE) </option> <option value="ohbm" > Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM) </option> <option value="jop" > Journal of Parks </option> <option value="jpm" > Journal of Personalized Medicine (JPM) </option> <option value="jpbi" > Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI) </option> <option value="jor" > Journal of Respiration (JoR) </option> <option value="jrfm" > Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM) </option> <option value="jsan" > Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN) </option> <option value="joma" > Journal of the Oman Medical Association (JOMA) </option> <option value="jtaer" > Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER) </option> <option value="jvd" > Journal of Vascular Diseases (JVD) </option> <option value="jox" > Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX) </option> <option value="jzbg" > Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG) </option> <option value="journalmedia" > Journalism and Media </option> <option value="kidneydial" > Kidney and Dialysis </option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases" > Kinases and Phosphatases </option> <option value="knowledge" > Knowledge </option> <option value="labmed" > LabMed </option> <option value="laboratories" > Laboratories </option> <option value="land" > Land </option> <option value="languages" > Languages </option> <option value="laws" > Laws </option> <option value="life" > Life 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Mathematics </option> <option value="medsci" > Medical Sciences </option> <option value="msf" > Medical Sciences Forum </option> <option value="medicina" > Medicina </option> <option value="medicines" > Medicines </option> <option value="membranes" > Membranes </option> <option value="merits" > Merits </option> <option value="metabolites" > Metabolites </option> <option value="metals" > Metals </option> <option value="meteorology" > Meteorology </option> <option value="methane" > Methane </option> <option value="mps" > Methods and Protocols (MPs) </option> <option value="metrics" > Metrics </option> <option value="metrology" > Metrology </option> <option value="micro" > Micro </option> <option value="microbiolres" > Microbiology Research </option> <option value="micromachines" > Micromachines </option> <option value="microorganisms" > Microorganisms </option> <option value="microplastics" > Microplastics </option> <option value="minerals" > Minerals </option> <option value="mining" > Mining </option> <option value="modelling" > Modelling </option> <option value="mmphys" > Modern Mathematical Physics </option> <option value="molbank" > Molbank </option> <option value="molecules" > Molecules </option> <option value="mti" > Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (MTI) </option> <option value="muscles" > Muscles </option> <option value="nanoenergyadv" > Nanoenergy Advances </option> <option value="nanomanufacturing" > Nanomanufacturing </option> <option value="nanomaterials" > Nanomaterials </option> <option value="ndt" > NDT </option> <option value="network" > Network </option> <option value="neuroglia" > Neuroglia </option> <option value="neurolint" > Neurology International </option> <option value="neurosci" > NeuroSci </option> <option value="nitrogen" > Nitrogen </option> <option value="ncrna" > Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA) </option> <option value="nursrep" > Nursing Reports </option> <option value="nutraceuticals" > Nutraceuticals </option> <option value="nutrients" > Nutrients </option> <option value="obesities" > Obesities </option> <option value="oceans" > Oceans </option> <option value="onco" > Onco </option> <option value="optics" > Optics </option> <option value="oral" > Oral </option> <option value="organics" > Organics </option> <option value="organoids" > Organoids </option> <option value="osteology" > Osteology </option> <option value="oxygen" > Oxygen </option> <option value="parasitologia" > Parasitologia </option> <option value="particles" > Particles </option> <option value="pathogens" > Pathogens </option> <option value="pathophysiology" > Pathophysiology </option> <option value="pediatrrep" > Pediatric Reports </option> <option value="pets" > Pets </option> <option value="pharmaceuticals" > Pharmaceuticals </option> <option value="pharmaceutics" > Pharmaceutics </option> <option value="pharmacoepidemiology" > Pharmacoepidemiology </option> <option value="pharmacy" > Pharmacy </option> <option value="philosophies" > Philosophies </option> <option value="photochem" > Photochem </option> <option value="photonics" > Photonics </option> <option value="phycology" > Phycology </option> <option value="physchem" > Physchem </option> <option value="psf" > Physical Sciences Forum </option> <option value="physics" > Physics </option> <option value="physiologia" > Physiologia </option> <option value="plants" > Plants </option> <option value="plasma" > Plasma </option> <option value="platforms" > Platforms </option> <option value="pollutants" > Pollutants </option> <option value="polymers" selected='selected'> Polymers </option> <option value="polysaccharides" > Polysaccharides </option> <option value="populations" > Populations </option> <option value="poultry" > Poultry </option> <option value="powders" > Powders </option> <option value="proceedings" > Proceedings </option> <option value="processes" > Processes </option> <option value="prosthesis" > Prosthesis </option> <option value="proteomes" > Proteomes </option> <option value="psychiatryint" > Psychiatry International </option> <option value="psychoactives" > Psychoactives </option> <option value="psycholint" > Psychology International </option> <option value="publications" > Publications </option> <option value="qubs" > Quantum Beam Science (QuBS) </option> <option value="quantumrep" > Quantum Reports </option> <option value="quaternary" > Quaternary </option> <option value="radiation" > Radiation </option> <option value="reactions" > Reactions </option> <option value="realestate" > Real Estate </option> <option value="receptors" > Receptors </option> <option value="recycling" > Recycling </option> <option value="rsee" > Regional Science and Environmental Economics (RSEE) </option> <option value="religions" > Religions </option> <option value="remotesensing" > Remote Sensing </option> <option value="reports" > Reports </option> <option value="reprodmed" > Reproductive Medicine (Reprod. 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Pharm.) </option> <option value="sclerosis" > Sclerosis </option> <option value="seeds" > Seeds </option> <option value="sensors" > Sensors </option> <option value="separations" > Separations </option> <option value="sexes" > Sexes </option> <option value="signals" > Signals </option> <option value="sinusitis" > Sinusitis </option> <option value="smartcities" > Smart Cities </option> <option value="socsci" > Social Sciences </option> <option value="siuj" > Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal (SIUJ) </option> <option value="societies" > Societies </option> <option value="software" > Software </option> <option value="soilsystems" > Soil Systems </option> <option value="solar" > Solar </option> <option value="solids" > Solids </option> <option value="spectroscj" > Spectroscopy Journal </option> <option value="sports" > Sports </option> <option value="standards" > Standards </option> <option value="stats" > Stats </option> <option value="stresses" > Stresses </option> <option 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<option value="toxins" > Toxins </option> <option value="transplantology" > Transplantology </option> <option value="traumacare" > Trauma Care </option> <option value="higheredu" > Trends in Higher Education </option> <option value="tropicalmed" > Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed) </option> <option value="universe" > Universe </option> <option value="urbansci" > Urban Science </option> <option value="uro" > Uro </option> <option value="vaccines" > Vaccines </option> <option value="vehicles" > Vehicles </option> <option value="venereology" > Venereology </option> <option value="vetsci" > Veterinary Sciences </option> <option value="vibration" > Vibration </option> <option value="virtualworlds" > Virtual Worlds </option> <option value="viruses" > Viruses </option> <option value="vision" > Vision </option> <option value="waste" > Waste </option> <option value="water" > Water </option> <option value="wild" > Wild </option> <option value="wind" > Wind </option> <option 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<div class="content__container"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link show-for-small-only"> <h2 class="no-padding-left no-margin">Journal Description</h2> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="journal__description"> <h1> <em>Polymers</em> </h1> <div class="journal__description__content"> <em>Polymers</em> is an international, <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/editorial_process">peer-reviewed</a>, open access journal of polymer science published semimonthly online by MDPI. <a href="http://www.belgianpolymergroup.be/">Belgian Polymer Group (BPG)</a>, <a href="http://www.ecis-web.eu/">European Colloid & Interface Society (ECIS)</a>, <a href="https://www.instm.it/en/instm.aspx">National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)</a> and <a href="https://www.natasinfo.org/site_home.cfm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">North American Thermal Analysis Society (NATAS)</a> are affiliated with <em>Polymers</em> and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges. <ul> <li style="text-align: left;"><strong><span class="label openaccess"><a title="Open Access" href="https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess">Open Access</a></span></strong>— free for readers, with <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers/apc">article processing charges (APC)</a> paid by authors or their institutions.</li> <li style="text-align: left;"><strong>High Visibility:</strong> indexed within <a href="https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/54222">Scopus</a>, <a href="https://mjl.clarivate.com/search-results?issn=2073-4360&hide_exact_match_fl=true&utm_source=mjl&utm_medium=share-by-link&utm_campaign=search-results-share-this-journal">SCIE (Web of Science)</a>, <a href="https://www.engineeringvillage.com/home.url">Ei Compendex</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Polymers+%28Basel%29%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=pubdate">PubMed</a>, <a 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style="text-align: left;"><strong>Recognition of Reviewers:</strong> reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in MDPI journals, in appreciation of the work.</li> <li style="text-align: left;"><strong>Testimonials: </strong><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/testimonials?type=all&journal_id=29&page_count=20">See what our authors and editors say about <em>Polymers</em></a>.</li> </ul> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 15px;"> <strong>Impact Factor:</strong> 4.7 (2023); 5-Year Impact Factor: 4.9 (2023) </div> <div> <a href="/journal/polymers/imprint" class="UI_JournalImprintsInfoButton"> <i class="material-icons spaced-link">subject</i> Imprint Information </a>    <a href="/journal/polymers/polymers_flyer.pdf" class="UD_JournalFlyer"> <i class="material-icons spaced-link">get_app</i> Journal Flyer </a>     <a class="oa-link" href="https://www.mdpi.com/about/openaccess"> <i class="material icons spaced-link"></i> Open Access </a>     <strong> ISSN: 2073-4360 </strong> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container content__container--overflow-initial"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link active"> <h2 class="no-padding-left">Latest Articles</h2> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content"> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item no-border"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527488" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527488" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527488" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3254/s1?version=1732292311"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 631 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 18 pages, 6908 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3254/pdf?version=1732292311" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Exploring α-Lipoic Acid Based Thermoplastic Silicone Adhesive: Towards Sustainable and Green Recycling" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3254">Exploring <i>α</i>-Lipoic Acid Based Thermoplastic Silicone Adhesive: Towards Sustainable and Green Recycling</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jiaqi Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhaoyutian Chu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sijia Zheng</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3254; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233254">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233254</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Considering the demand for the construction of a sustainable future, it is essential to endow the conventional thermoset silicone adhesive with reuse capability and recyclability. Although various research attempts have been made by incorporating reversible linkages, developing sustainable silicone adhesives by natural linkers <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3254/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Considering the demand for the construction of a sustainable future, it is essential to endow the conventional thermoset silicone adhesive with reuse capability and recyclability. Although various research attempts have been made by incorporating reversible linkages, developing sustainable silicone adhesives by natural linkers is still challenging, as the interface between the natural linker and the silicone is historically difficult. We exploited the possibility of utilizing <i>α</i>-lipoic acid, a natural linker, to construct a sustainable silicone adhesive. Via the simultaneous ring-opening reaction between the COOH and epoxide-functionalized silicone and the polymerization of the <i>α</i>-lipoic acid, the resulting network exhibited dynamic properties. The shear strength of the LASA90 presented strong adhesion (up to 88 kPa) on various substrates including steel, aluminum, PET, and PTFE. Meanwhile, reversible adhesion was shown multiple times under mild heating conditions (80 °C). The rheology, TG-DTA, DSC, and <sup>1</sup>H NMR showed that the degradation of the LASA occurred at 150 °C via the retro-ROP of the five-membered disulfide ring, indicating their recyclability after usage. Conclusively, we envision that a silicone adhesive based on <i>α</i>-lipoic acid as a natural linker is more sustainable than conventional silicone thermosets because of its desired properties, strong adhesion, reversibility, and on-demand heat degradation. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3254">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/polymers/special_issues/1YR421XO54 ">Advances in the Processing and Application of Polymers and Their Composites III</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3254/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527488"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527488"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527488" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527488" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527488" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-ag-550.jpg?1732292547" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div><script id="images1527488" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g001-550.jpg?1732292532'><p>Figure 1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' 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src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g005-550.jpg?1732292538'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g006-550.jpg?1732292538'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g007-550.jpg?1732292539'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g008-550.jpg?1732292541'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1527488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g009-550.jpg?1732292541'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1527488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g010-550.jpg?1732292543'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1527488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g011-550.jpg?1732292543'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1527488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g012-550.jpg?1732292544'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1527488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g013-550.jpg?1732292545'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1527488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-sch001-550.jpg?1732292545'><p>Scheme 1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1527488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-sch002-550.jpg?1732292546'><p>Scheme 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1527488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-sch003-550.jpg?1732292547'><p>Scheme 3</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527488-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-ag-550.jpg?1732292547" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g001-550.jpg?1732292532" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>The schematic diagram of the design and reversibility of LASAs.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g002-550.jpg?1732292534" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>The FTIR spectra of LASA0, LASA50, LASA75, and LASA90.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g003-550.jpg?1732292535" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>The storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of the LASAs as a function of frequency. (<b>a</b>) LASA0, (<b>b</b>) LASA50, (<b>c</b>) LASA75, (<b>d</b>) LASA90. (<b>e</b>) The tan <span class="html-italic">δ</span> as a function of frequency. (<b>f</b>) Viscosity of the LASAs as a function of frequency.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g004-550.jpg?1732292536" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>The solvent-resistant behavior of LASA90 against various solvents at 14 days.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g005-550.jpg?1732292538" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Shear strength between the LASA and steel substrates. The shear test measurement was not applicable for LASA0. (<b>b</b>) Shear strength of LASA90 on diversified substrates. (<b>c</b>) Schematic representation of the LASA and the noncovalent interaction established between diversified substrates (H-bonding, metal coordination, and Van der Waals force).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g006-550.jpg?1732292538" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Shear strength between the LASA90 and steel substrates in different humidity.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g007-550.jpg?1732292539" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Two dynamic mechanisms for the LASA90 under heat conditions. (<b>b</b>) Shear strength of LASA90 after multiple tests.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g008-550.jpg?1732292541" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Microscope photos of the cuts on LASA0 (<b>a</b>) and LASA90 (<b>b</b>). The LASA0 and LASA90 were allowed to heal at room temperature or 100 °C for 90 min.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g009-550.jpg?1732292541" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Tan <span class="html-italic">δ</span> and (<b>b</b>) viscosity of the LASAs as a function of temperature.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g010-550.jpg?1732292543" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>The gelling points of the LASAs determinate by G′ and G″. (<b>a</b>) LASA0, (<b>b</b>) LASA50, (<b>c</b>) LASA75, (<b>d</b>) LASA90.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g011-550.jpg?1732292543" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>The DSC curves of LASA as a function of temperature. (<b>a</b>) DSC and (<b>b</b>) DTA.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g012-550.jpg?1732292544" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) The reversibility of (<b>b</b>) Photos of the recycling of LASA90 polymers under the heat condition.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-g013-550.jpg?1732292545" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Thermal behaviors of the LASAs from R.T. to 800 °C. (<b>a</b>) TGA, (<b>b</b>) DTG.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-sch001-550.jpg?1732292545" title=" <strong>Scheme 1</strong><br/> <p>Schematic diagram of the synthesis of bis-PDMS-E via the D<sub>4</sub> equilibration (Step A) and the hydrosilylation reaction (Step B).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-sch002-550.jpg?1732292546" title=" <strong>Scheme 2</strong><br/> <p>Schematic diagram of the synthesis of mono-PDMS-E via the D<sub>3</sub> equilibration and (Step A) and the hydrosilylation reaction (Step B).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03254/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03254-sch003-550.jpg?1732292547" title=" <strong>Scheme 3</strong><br/> <p>The schematic diagram for the fabrication process of LASAs.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3254'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="extending-content content-ready"> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527471" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527471" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527471" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3253/s1?version=1732291390"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 622 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 8 pages, 1709 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3253/pdf?version=1732291390" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Unveiling the Mechanics Behind Polyimide’s Friction-Greening Phenomenon" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Communication</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3253">Unveiling the Mechanics Behind Polyimide’s Friction-Greening Phenomenon</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhipeng Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dawei Ma</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Haowen Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Baojie Zhao</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yinglong Huang</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yanbo Li</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3253; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233253">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233253</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Polyimide (PI) has been widely used as a flexible substrate in the OLED display industry to achieve folding and other functions. However, it has unintended side effects, such as friction-greening, a green screen phenomenon caused by friction after prolonged usage. This is related <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3253/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Polyimide (PI) has been widely used as a flexible substrate in the OLED display industry to achieve folding and other functions. However, it has unintended side effects, such as friction-greening, a green screen phenomenon caused by friction after prolonged usage. This is related to drifting TFT characteristics caused by charge accumulating in the PI in combination with the high efficiency of green pixels. In this study, the mechanism of the influence of PI structure on friction-greening was investigated. Increasing the process temperature from 350 °C to 470 °C, the chain segment structure within the PI became more regularized. Thus, the material had higher conductivity and shallower trap energy levels, which was confirmed by X-ray small angle scattering, dielectric, photoluminescence, and other methods. Under prolonged discharge conditions, less charge accumulated within PI, thus effectively mitigating the threshold voltage drift of the thin-film transistor (TFT). These results will contribute to the further optimization of the process and the development of PI materials. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3253">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/polymers/sections/Polymer_Applications">Polymer Applications</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3253/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527471"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527471"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527471" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527471" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527471" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527471-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03253/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03253-g001-550.jpg?1732291540" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527471" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527471-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03253/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03253-g002-550.jpg?1732291540'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527471-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03253/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03253-g003-550.jpg?1732291541'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527471-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03253/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03253-g004-550.jpg?1732291542'><p>Figure 4</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527471-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03253/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03253-g001-550.jpg?1732291540" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>) TGA (solid line) and DTGA (dashed line) of PAA; inset: enlargement of DTGA between 150 °C and 500 °C; (<b>B</b>) FTIR of samples, (<b>C</b>) TMA and (<b>D</b>) DMA of samples. Blue lines: sample 350; gray lines: sample 450; red lines: sample 470.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3253'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03253/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03253-g002-550.jpg?1732291540" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>) SAXS and (<b>B</b>) correlation function of samples. Blue lines: sample 350; gray lines: sample 450; red lines: sample 470.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3253'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03253/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03253-g003-550.jpg?1732291541" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>) Dielectric, (<b>B</b>) AC conductivity, (<b>C</b>) PL spectrum, and (<b>D</b>) PL lifetime decay curves of three samples. Blue lines: sample 350; gray lines: sample 450; red lines: sample 470.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3253'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03253/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03253-g004-550.jpg?1732291542" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>) Schematic diagram of friction-greening tests of the screen, and (<b>B</b>) test of the effect of friction-greening on TFT.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3253'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 5645 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3252/pdf?version=1732290459" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Kinematic Analysis of Plasticization and Transportation System of Tri-Screw Dynamic Extruder" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3252">Kinematic Analysis of Plasticization and Transportation System of Tri-Screw Dynamic Extruder</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Bin Xue</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jun Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qu Yang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Guiting Wu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Danxiang Wei</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yijie Ding</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhenbin Du</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mingshi Huang</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3252; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233252">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233252</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> With the growing demand for high-performance polymer composites, conventional single- and twin-screw extruders often fall short of meeting industrial requirements for effective mixing and compounding. This research investigates the kinematic behavior of the plasticization and transport mechanisms in tri-screw extruders when subjected to <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3252/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> With the growing demand for high-performance polymer composites, conventional single- and twin-screw extruders often fall short of meeting industrial requirements for effective mixing and compounding. This research investigates the kinematic behavior of the plasticization and transport mechanisms in tri-screw extruders when subjected to a vibrational force field. The study specifically examines how applying vibrational force technology can improve the efficiency of polymer mixing. Vibration force field means that in a three-screw mechanism, an axial vibration is applied to the middle screw to produce a vibration force field. Through the development of mathematical and physical models, this study analyzed the motion dynamics of the screw and the influence of a vibrational force field on polymer transport and mixing efficiency. The findings indicate that, in comparison to traditional twin-screw extruders, tri-screw systems can achieve higher shear and elongational rates, leading to enhanced polymer mixing uniformity. Furthermore, applying an axial vibrational force field significantly influenced the shear and elongational strain rates of the material, thereby optimizing its rheological behavior and processing quality. This research not only establishes a theoretical foundation for the design and optimization of tri-screw extruders but also opens new pathways for the efficient processing of high-viscosity composite materials. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3252">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/polymers/sections/Process_Eng">Polymer Processing and Engineering</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3252/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527455"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527455"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527455" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527455" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527455" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527455-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g001-550.jpg?1732290625" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527455" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527455-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g002-550.jpg?1732290625'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527455-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g003-550.jpg?1732290626'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527455-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g004-550.jpg?1732290627'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527455-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g005-550.jpg?1732290627'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527455-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g006-550.jpg?1732290628'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527455-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g007-550.jpg?1732290628'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527455-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g008-550.jpg?1732290629'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527455-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g009-550.jpg?1732290630'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1527455-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g010-550.jpg?1732290631'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1527455-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g011-550.jpg?1732290631'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1527455-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g012-550.jpg?1732290632'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1527455-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g013-550.jpg?1732290633'><p>Figure 13</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527455-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g001-550.jpg?1732290625" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Three-screw dynamic extruder.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3252'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g002-550.jpg?1732290625" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Cross-sectional profile of screw.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3252'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g003-550.jpg?1732290626" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Establishment of coordinate system of three-screw plasticizing conveying system and marking of main geometric dimensions.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3252'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g004-550.jpg?1732290627" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Geometric relationship of screw size.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3252'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g005-550.jpg?1732290627" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Position relationship of M point.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3252'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g006-550.jpg?1732290628" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Diagram of the relationship between the clearance between two screws and rotation.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3252'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g007-550.jpg?1732290628" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Velocity diagram between two screws.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3252'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g008-550.jpg?1732290629" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>The plane expansion diagram of screw spiral section.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3252'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g009-550.jpg?1732290630" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Velocity diagram between two screws.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3252'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g010-550.jpg?1732290631" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Relationship between circumferential shear deformation rate of screw surface and vibration amplitude and frequency.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3252'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g011-550.jpg?1732290631" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Relationship between circumferential average shear deformation rate with vibration amplitude and frequency.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3252'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g012-550.jpg?1732290632" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Relationship between axial tensile deformation rate of screw surface and amplitude and frequency.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3252'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03252/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03252-g013-550.jpg?1732290633" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Relationship between axial tension deformation rate with vibration amplitude and frequency.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3252'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527438" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527438" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527438" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3251/s1?version=1732289594"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 2219 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 10 pages, 3038 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3251/pdf?version=1732289593" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Theoretical Study on the High Polymer Molecular Weight of Heteroatom-Substituted Constrained Geometry Catalyst" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3251">Theoretical Study on the High Polymer Molecular Weight of Heteroatom-Substituted Constrained Geometry Catalyst</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xinyue Du</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Congjing Ren</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiaodong Hong</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jingdai Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yongrong Yang</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zuwei Liao</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3251; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233251">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233251</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This theoretical study investigates the high molecular weight (Mw) production in copolymerization of ethylene and 1-octene using heteroatom-substituted constrained geometry catalysts (CGCs). The research explores the correlation between chain termination reactions and polymer molecular weight, revealing that the Gibbs free energy barrier of <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3251/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This theoretical study investigates the high molecular weight (Mw) production in copolymerization of ethylene and 1-octene using heteroatom-substituted constrained geometry catalysts (CGCs). The research explores the correlation between chain termination reactions and polymer molecular weight, revealing that the Gibbs free energy barrier of the chain termination reactions is positively linked to the molecular weight. Quantitative structure–property relationship models were constructed, indicating that molecular descriptors such as atom charge, orbital energy, and buried volume significantly influence the polymer molecular weight. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3251">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/polymers/sections/Polymer_Chemistry">Polymer Chemistry</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3251/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527438"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527438"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527438" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527438" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527438" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527438-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03251/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03251-g001-550.jpg?1732289705" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527438" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527438-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03251/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03251-g002-550.jpg?1732289706'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527438-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03251/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03251-g003-550.jpg?1732289708'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527438-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03251/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03251-g004-550.jpg?1732289709'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527438-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03251/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03251-g005-550.jpg?1732289710'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527438-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03251/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03251-g006-550.jpg?1732289714'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527438-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03251/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03251-sch001-550.jpg?1732289715'><p>Scheme 1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527438-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03251/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03251-sch002-550.jpg?1732289716'><p>Scheme 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527438-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03251/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03251-g001-550.jpg?1732289705" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Correlation between the molecular weight (Mw) and energy barriers (∆G<sup>‡</sup>) of β-H elimination for the chain inserted by (<b>a</b>) one, (<b>b</b>) two, (<b>c</b>) three, and (<b>d</b>) four ethylene molecules. Molecular weight of polymer is 78 kg/mol by 1-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>4</sub>, 105 kg/mol by 2-Ind, 92.7 kg/mol by 3-OEt, 98.8 kg/mol by 4-NMe<sub>2</sub>, 148 kg/mol by 5-OMe, and 280 kg/mol by 6-NC<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>, respectively.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3251'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03251/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03251-g002-550.jpg?1732289706" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Correlation between the molecular weight (Mw) and energy barriers (∆G<sup>‡</sup>) of β-H elimination for the chain inserted by ethylene and 1-octene. Molecular weight of polymer is 78 kg/mol by 1-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>4</sub>, 105 kg/mol by 2-Ind, 92.7 kg/mol by 3-OEt, 98.8 kg/mol by 4-NMe<sub>2</sub>, 148 kg/mol by 5-OMe, and 280 kg/mol by 6-NC<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>, respectively.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3251'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03251/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03251-g003-550.jpg?1732289708" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Correlation between the molecular weight (Mw) and the energy barriers (∆G<sup>‡</sup>) of β-H transfer to monomers for n-propyl chain, (<b>a</b>) β-H transfer to ethylene, (<b>b</b>) β-H transfer to 1-octene. Molecular weight of polymer is 78 kg/mol by 1-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>4</sub>, 105 kg/mol by 2-Ind, 92.7 kg/mol by 3-OEt, 98.8 kg/mol by 4-NMe<sub>2</sub>, 148 kg/mol by 5-OMe, and 280 kg/mol by 6-NC<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>, respectively.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3251'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03251/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03251-g004-550.jpg?1732289709" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Correlation between the molecular weight (Mw) and the energy barriers (∆G<sup>‡</sup>) of β-H transfer to ethylene for the chain inserted by ethylene and 1-octene. Molecular weight of polymer is 78 kg/mol by 1-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>4</sub>, 105 kg/mol by 2-Ind, 92.7 kg/mol by 3-OEt, 98.8 kg/mol by 4-NMe<sub>2</sub>, 148 kg/mol by 5-OMe, and 280 kg/mol by 6-NC<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>, respectively.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3251'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03251/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03251-g005-550.jpg?1732289710" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Heat maps displaying the Pearson correlation coefficients between variables.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3251'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03251/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03251-g006-550.jpg?1732289714" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Plots of the molecular weight from experimental data and predicted by QSPR models containing different binary molecular descriptors (<b>a</b>) TiMe<sub>2</sub>(N) and L-H, (<b>b</b>) V<sub>bur3.0</sub> and LUMO, (<b>c</b>) N(N) and L-H, and (<b>d</b>) N(M) and HOMO. Molecular weight of polymer is 78 kg/mol by 1-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>4</sub>, 105 kg/mol by 2-Ind, 92.7 kg/mol by 3-OEt, 98.8 kg/mol by 4-NMe<sub>2</sub>, 148 kg/mol by 5-OMe, and 280 kg/mol by 6-NC<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>, respectively.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3251'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03251/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03251-sch001-550.jpg?1732289715" title=" <strong>Scheme 1</strong><br/> <p>Schematic representation of heteroatom-substituted constrained geometry complexes. (<b>a</b>) 1-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>4</sub>, (<b>b</b>) 2-Ind, (<b>c</b>) 3-OEt, (<b>d</b>) 4-NMe<sub>2</sub>, (<b>e</b>) 5-OMe, (<b>f</b>) 6-NC<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3251'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03251/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03251-sch002-550.jpg?1732289716" title=" <strong>Scheme 2</strong><br/> <p>Schematic representation of the β-hydrogen elimination and β-H transfer to monomer of metallocene catalyst.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3251'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527404" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527404" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527404" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3250/s1?version=1732288222"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 1048 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 14 pages, 5160 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3250/pdf?version=1732288221" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Exploring Crystal Structure Features in Proton Exchange Membranes and Their Correlation with Proton and Heat Transport" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3250">Exploring Crystal Structure Features in Proton Exchange Membranes and Their Correlation with Proton and Heat Transport</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cong Feng</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cong Luo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pingwen Ming</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cunman Zhang</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3250; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233250">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233250</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are dominated by semicrystalline structures because highly pure crystals are still challenging to produce and control. Currently, the development and application of PEMs have been hindered by a lack of understanding regarding the effects of microstructure on proton and <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3250/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are dominated by semicrystalline structures because highly pure crystals are still challenging to produce and control. Currently, the development and application of PEMs have been hindered by a lack of understanding regarding the effects of microstructure on proton and heat transport properties. Based on an experimentally characterized perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane, the corresponding semicrystalline model and the crystal model contained therein were constructed. The water distribution, proton, and heat transport in the crystal, amorphous, and semicrystalline regions were examined using molecular dynamics simulations and energy-conserving dissipative particle dynamics simulations. The crystal structure had pronounced water connection pathways, a proton transport efficiency 5–10 times higher than that of the amorphous structure, and an in-plane covalent bonding that boosted the thermal diffusion coefficient and thermal conductivity by more than 1–3 times. The results for the semicrystalline structure were validated by the corresponding experiments. In addition, a proportionality coefficient that depended on both temperature and water content was proposed to explain how vehicle transport contributed to the proton conductivities, facilitating our understanding of the proton transport mechanism. Our findings enhance our theoretical understanding of PEMs in proton and heat transport, considering both the semicrystalline and crystalline regions. Additionally, the research methods employed can be applied to the study of other semicrystalline polymers. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3250">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/polymers/special_issues/7D98VRJ20Q ">Polymeric Materials in Energy Conversion and Storage, 2nd Edition</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3250/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527404"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527404"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527404" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527404" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527404" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527404-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03250/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03250-g001-550.jpg?1732288316" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527404" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527404-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03250/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03250-g002-550.jpg?1732288319'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527404-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03250/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03250-g003-550.jpg?1732288321'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527404-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03250/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03250-g004-550.jpg?1732288324'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527404-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03250/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03250-g005-550.jpg?1732288326'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527404-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03250/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03250-g006-550.jpg?1732288328'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527404-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03250/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03250-g007-550.jpg?1732288330'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527404-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03250/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03250-g008-550.jpg?1732288334'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527404-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03250/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03250-g001-550.jpg?1732288316" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Characterization and modeling of the crystal structure. (<b>a</b>) HR-TEM and (<b>b</b>) XRD patterns of Nafion 117, and the inset shows the crystal and amorphous peaks of XRD, as well as the crystal peak of molecular modeling. (<b>c</b>) Schematic representative, (<b>d</b>) all-atom model, and (<b>e</b>) coarse-grained model of the crystal structure.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3250'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03250/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03250-g002-550.jpg?1732288319" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of water molecules in (<b>a</b>) crystal, (<b>b</b>) amorphous, and (<b>c</b>) semicrystalline structures.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3250'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03250/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03250-g003-550.jpg?1732288321" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Schematic of the direction of the electric field and the structure of the backbone chain arrangement. (<b>b</b>) Proton conductivity in different electric field directions. (<b>c</b>–<b>f</b>) Proton conductivity in crystal and amorphous structures from AAMD and eDPD simulations.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3250'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03250/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03250-g004-550.jpg?1732288324" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Proton diffusion coefficients of semicrystalline structures as a function of 1/L at (<b>a</b>) λ = 3, (<b>b</b>) λ = 11, and (<b>c</b>) λ = 21. (<b>d</b>) Proton conductivity in the same semicrystalline structure with different grain sizes.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3250'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03250/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03250-g005-550.jpg?1732288326" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Proportionality coefficient <span class="html-italic">N</span> versus temperature and water content.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3250'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03250/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03250-g006-550.jpg?1732288328" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Thermal diffusion coefficient of crystal, amorphous and semicrystalline structures at (<b>a</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 3, (<b>b</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 11, and (<b>c</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 21. (<b>d</b>) Comparison of simulation and experimental results.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3250'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03250/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03250-g007-550.jpg?1732288330" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Specific heat capacity of crystal, amorphous, and semicrystalline structures at (<b>a</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 3, (<b>b</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 11, and (<b>c</b>) <span class="html-italic">λ</span> = 21. (<b>d</b>) Comparison of simulation and experimental results.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3250'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03250/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03250-g008-550.jpg?1732288334" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Thermal conductivity of crystal, amorphous, and semicrystalline structures, as calculated from eDPD simulations, for (<b>a</b>) λ = 3, (<b>b</b>) λ = 11, and (<b>c</b>) λ = 21; and (<b>d</b>) a comparison of Nafion membrane’s thermal conductivity, measured experimentally and calculated from eDPD simulations, for semicrystalline structures. The hollow, solid, hollow with cross, and pentagram symbols represent the thermal conductivity of the crystal, amorphous, and semicrystalline structures and Nafion 117 membrane, respectively.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3250'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 1604 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3249/pdf?version=1732286724" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Investigation of the Weldability of 3D-Printed Multi-Material Materials (PLA and PLA Wood) Using Friction Stir Welding" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3249">Investigation of the Weldability of 3D-Printed Multi-Material Materials (PLA and PLA Wood) Using Friction Stir Welding</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gökhan Şahin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nergizhan Anaç</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Oğuz Koçar</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3249; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233249">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233249</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> In the industry sector, it is very common to have different types of dissimilar materials on the same construction rather than products made from a single type of material. Traditional methods (welding, mechanical fastening, and adhesive bonding) and hybrid techniques (friction stir welding, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3249/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> In the industry sector, it is very common to have different types of dissimilar materials on the same construction rather than products made from a single type of material. Traditional methods (welding, mechanical fastening, and adhesive bonding) and hybrid techniques (friction stir welding, weld bonding, and laser welding) are used in the assembly or joining of these materials. However, while joining similar types of materials is relatively easy, the process becomes more challenging when joining dissimilar materials due to the structure and properties of the materials involved. In recent years, additive manufacturing and 3D printing have revolutionized the manufacturing landscape and have provided great opportunities for the production of polymer-based multi-materials. However, developments in the joining of multi-material parts are limited, and their limits are not yet clear. This study focuses on the joining of 3D-printed products made from PLA-based multiple materials (PLA and PLA Wood) using friction stir welding. Single-material and multi-material parts (with 100% infill ratio and three different combinations of 50% PLA/50% PLA Wood) were welded at a feed rate of 20 mm/min and three different tool rotational speeds (1750, 2000, and 2250 rpm). Tensile and bending tests were conducted on the welded samples, and temperature measurements were taken. The fractured surfaces of the samples were examined to perform a damage analysis. It is determined that the weld strength of multi-materials changes depending on the combination of the material (material design). For multi-materials, a welding efficiency of 74.3% was achieved for tensile strength and 142.68% for bending load. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3249">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/polymers/special_issues/SR56CJR96Q ">Advanced Joining Technologies for Polymers and Polymer Composites</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 16 pages, 2430 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3248/pdf?version=1732286161" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Novel Simple Approach for Production of Elastic Poly(propylene carbonate)" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3248">Novel Simple Approach for Production of Elastic Poly(propylene carbonate)</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Elena S. Trofimchuk</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Igor V. Chernov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Roman V. Toms</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sergey A. Rzhevskiy</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Andrey F. Asachenko</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anna V. Plutalova</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>George A. Shandryuk</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Elena V. Chernikova</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Irina P. Beletskaya</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3248; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233248">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233248</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The simple approach of increasing the elastic properties of atactic poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) with Mn = 71.4 kDa, ĐM = M<sub>w</sub>/M<sub>n</sub> = 1.86, and predominantly carbonate units (>99%) is suggested by selecting the appropriate hot pressing temperature for PPC between <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3248/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The simple approach of increasing the elastic properties of atactic poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) with Mn = 71.4 kDa, ĐM = M<sub>w</sub>/M<sub>n</sub> = 1.86, and predominantly carbonate units (>99%) is suggested by selecting the appropriate hot pressing temperature for PPC between 110 and 140 °C. Atactic PPC is synthesized through ring-opening copolymerization of (<i>rac</i>)-propylene oxide and CO2 mediated by racemic salen complex of Co(III). Hot pressing PPC results in the release of a small amount of propylene carbonate (PC), sufficient to lower the glass transition temperature from 39.4 to 26.1 °C. Consequently, increasing the pressing temperature from 110 to 140 °C generates materials with a reduced modulus of elasticity (from 1.94 to 0.09 GPa), yield strength (from 38 to 2 MPa) and increased tensile elongation (from 140 to 940%). Thermomechanical analysis has shown a significant expansion in sample volume by hundreds of percent within the 80–130 °C range. PPC also displays large, reversible deformations, which can be utilized by creating shape memory materials. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3248">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/polymers/sections/Polymer_Applications">Polymer Applications</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 928 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3247/pdf?version=1732282510" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Combating Bacterial Resistance by Polymers and Antibiotic Composites" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3247">Combating Bacterial Resistance by Polymers and Antibiotic Composites</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Iulia Olaru</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alina Stefanache</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cristian Gutu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ionut Iulian Lungu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cozmin Mihai</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Carmen Grierosu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gabriela Calin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Constantin Marcu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tudor Ciuhodaru</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3247; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233247">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233247</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> (1) Background: Since the discovery of antibiotics in the first half of the 20th century, humans have abused this privilege, giving rise to antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Recent research has brought to light the use of antimicrobial peptides in polymers, hydrogels, and nanoparticles (NPs) as <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3247/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> (1) Background: Since the discovery of antibiotics in the first half of the 20th century, humans have abused this privilege, giving rise to antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Recent research has brought to light the use of antimicrobial peptides in polymers, hydrogels, and nanoparticles (NPs) as a newer and safer alternative to traditional antibiotics. (2) Methods: This review article is a synthesis of the scientific works published in the last 15 years, focusing on the synthesis of polymers with proven antimicrobial properties. (3) Results: After a critical review of the literature was made, information and data about the synthesis and antimicrobial activity of antibacterial polymers and NPs functionalized with antibiotics were extracted. Fluorinated surfactants such as the Quaterfluo<sup>®</sup> series presented significant antimicrobial effects and could be modulated to contain thioesters to boost this characteristic. Biopolymers like chitosan and starch were also doped with iodine and used as iodophors to deliver iodine atoms directly to pathogens, as well as being antimicrobial on their own. Quaternary phosphonium salts are known for their increased antimicrobial activity compared to ammonium-containing polymers and are more thermally stable. (4) Conclusions: In summary, polymers and polymeric NPs seem like future alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Future research is needed to determine functional doses for clinical use and their toxicity. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3247">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/polymers/sections/Polymer_Applications">Polymer Applications</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 33 pages, 10134 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3246/pdf?version=1732281613" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Study on the Microscopic Distribution Pattern of Residual Oil and Exploitation Methods Based on a Digital Pore Network Model" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3246">Study on the Microscopic Distribution Pattern of Residual Oil and Exploitation Methods Based on a Digital Pore Network Model</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xianda Sun</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xudong Qin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chengwu Xu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ling Zhao</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Huili Zhang</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3246; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233246">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233246</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> With the persistent rise in global energy demand, the efficient extraction of petroleum resources has become an urgent and critical issue. Polymer flooding technology, widely employed for enhancing crude oil recovery, still lacks an in-depth understanding of the distribution of residual oil within <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3246/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> With the persistent rise in global energy demand, the efficient extraction of petroleum resources has become an urgent and critical issue. Polymer flooding technology, widely employed for enhancing crude oil recovery, still lacks an in-depth understanding of the distribution of residual oil within the microscopic pore structure and the associated displacement mechanisms. To address this, a digital pore network model was established based on mercury intrusion experimental data, and pore structure visualization was achieved through 3Dmax software, simulating the oil displacement process under various polymer concentrations, molecular weights, and interfacial tension conditions. The findings reveal that moderately increasing the polymer concentration (from 1000 [mg/L] to 2000 [mg/L]) improves the recovery factor during polymer flooding by approximately 1.45%, effectively emulsifying larger masses of residual oil and reducing the proportion of throats with high oil saturation. However, when the concentration exceeds 2500 [mg/L], the dispersion of residual oil is hindered, and the enhancement in displacement efficiency becomes marginal. Increasing the molecular weight from 12 million to 16 million and subsequently to 24 million elevates the recovery factor by approximately 1.07% and 1.37%, respectively, reducing clustered residual oil while increasing columnar residual oil; high molecular weight polymers exhibit a more significant effect on channels with high oil saturation. Lowering the interfacial tension (from 30 [mN/m] to 0.005 [mN/m]) markedly enhances the binary flooding recovery factor, with the overall recovery reaching 71.72%, effectively reducing the residual oil within pores of high oil saturation. The study concludes that adjusting polymer concentration, molecular weight, and interfacial tension can optimize the microscopic distribution of residual oil, thereby enhancing oil displacement efficiency and providing a scientific foundation for further improving oilfield recovery and achieving efficient reservoir development. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3246">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/polymers/special_issues/3448Z8KROQ ">Stimuli-Responsive Polymers: Advances and Prospects</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3246/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527219"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527219"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527219" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527219" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527219" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-ag-550.jpg?1732281748" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div><script id="images1527219" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g001-550.jpg?1732281719'><p>Figure 1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g002-550.jpg?1732281722'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g003-550.jpg?1732281723'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g004-550.jpg?1732281723'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g005a-550.jpg?1732281724'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g005b-550.jpg?1732281725'><p>Figure 5 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g006-550.jpg?1732281726'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g007-550.jpg?1732281727'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g008-550.jpg?1732281728'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g009-550.jpg?1732281729'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g010-550.jpg?1732281730'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g011-550.jpg?1732281731'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g012-550.jpg?1732281732'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g013-550.jpg?1732281733'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g014-550.jpg?1732281734'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g015-550.jpg?1732281736'><p>Figure 15</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='17' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g016-550.jpg?1732281736'><p>Figure 16</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='18' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g017-550.jpg?1732281737'><p>Figure 17</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='19' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g018-550.jpg?1732281738'><p>Figure 18</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='20' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g019-550.jpg?1732281739'><p>Figure 19</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='21' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g020-550.jpg?1732281741'><p>Figure 20</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='22' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g021-550.jpg?1732281741'><p>Figure 21</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='23' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g022-550.jpg?1732281742'><p>Figure 22</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='24' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g023-550.jpg?1732281743'><p>Figure 23</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='25' data-target='article-1527219-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g024-550.jpg?1732281743'><p>Figure 24</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527219-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-ag-550.jpg?1732281748" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g001-550.jpg?1732281719" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Simplified schematic of orifice–throat connection: (<b>a</b>) regular array; (<b>b</b>) irregular array.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g002-550.jpg?1732281722" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Digital pore and throat network model.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g003-550.jpg?1732281723" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Simplified pore-throat model.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g004-550.jpg?1732281723" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Dynamic simulation results of model flooding. (<b>a</b>) Initial model state (oil saturation: 75%); (<b>b</b>) model state after water flooding (oil saturation: 44.72%); (<b>c</b>) model state after polymer flooding (oil saturation: 31.18%).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g005a-550.jpg?1732281724" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Models of different polymer concentrations.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g005b-550.jpg?1732281725" title=" <strong>Figure 5 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>Models of different polymer concentrations.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g006-550.jpg?1732281726" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>The proportion of oil content after polymer flooding with different concentrations.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g007-550.jpg?1732281727" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Oil saturation ratio in throats of relative molecular weight (16 million) after polymer flooding.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g008-550.jpg?1732281728" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Oil saturation ratio in pores of relative molecular weight (16 million) after polymer flooding.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g009-550.jpg?1732281729" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Oil saturation ratio in pore throat after polymer flooding with relative molecular weight (16 million).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g010-550.jpg?1732281730" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Effects of different polymer concentrations on residual oil distribution: (<b>a</b>) 1000 [mg/L]; (<b>b</b>) 2000 [mg/L]; (<b>c</b>) 2500 [mg/L].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g011-550.jpg?1732281731" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Effects of different polymer concentrations on residual oil types.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g012-550.jpg?1732281732" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Models of different polymers’ relative molecular masses.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g013-550.jpg?1732281733" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Oil saturation ratio in pore throat after polymer flooding.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g014-550.jpg?1732281734" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>Oil saturation ratio of pore throats after polymer flooding (1000 [mg/L]).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g015-550.jpg?1732281736" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>Effects of different polymer molecular weights on residual oil distribution.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g016-550.jpg?1732281736" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>Effects of different polymer molecular weights on residual oil types.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g017-550.jpg?1732281737" title=" <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/> <p>Influence of interfacial tension on recovery factor in polymer–surfactant binary flooding.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g018-550.jpg?1732281738" title=" <strong>Figure 18</strong><br/> <p>Oil saturation ratio in pore throat after polymer–surfactant binary flooding.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g019-550.jpg?1732281739" title=" <strong>Figure 19</strong><br/> <p>Oil saturation ratio in pore throat.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g020-550.jpg?1732281741" title=" <strong>Figure 20</strong><br/> <p>Influence of different interfacial tensions on residual oil distribution.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g021-550.jpg?1732281741" title=" <strong>Figure 21</strong><br/> <p>Effect of different interfacial tensions on residual oil types.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g022-550.jpg?1732281742" title=" <strong>Figure 22</strong><br/> <p>Different oil saturation ratios in pore throat after high-concentration polymer flooding (molecular weight 20 million).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g023-550.jpg?1732281743" title=" <strong>Figure 23</strong><br/> <p>Different oil saturation ratios in pore throat after high-molecular-weight polymer flooding (concentration 1500 [mg/L]).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03246/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03246-g024-550.jpg?1732281743" title=" <strong>Figure 24</strong><br/> <p>Different oil saturation ratios in pore throat.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3246'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 22 pages, 8243 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3245/pdf?version=1732273612" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Novel Mixed-Matrix Pervaporation Membrane Based on Polyether Block Amide Modified with Ho-Based Metal–Organic Framework" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3245">Novel Mixed-Matrix Pervaporation Membrane Based on Polyether Block Amide Modified with Ho-Based Metal–Organic Framework</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anna Kuzminova</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mariia Dmitrenko</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anastasia Stepanova</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anna Karyakina</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Artem Selyutin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rongxin Su</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anastasia Penkova</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3245; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233245">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233245</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Segmented polymers, such as polyether block amide (PEBA), exhibit unique properties due to the combination of different segments. PEBA consists of soft polyester and rigid polyamide blocks, enabling its use in various industrial applications, including membrane technologies. In this study, PEBA membranes modified <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3245/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Segmented polymers, such as polyether block amide (PEBA), exhibit unique properties due to the combination of different segments. PEBA consists of soft polyester and rigid polyamide blocks, enabling its use in various industrial applications, including membrane technologies. In this study, PEBA membranes modified with a holmium-based metal–organic framework (Ho-1,3,5-H<sub>3</sub>btc) were developed for enhanced pervaporation separation of water/isopropanol and water/phenol mixtures. The effect of 1–7 wt.% Ho-1,3,5-H<sub>3</sub>btc content variation and the selection of a porous substrate (commercial from fluoroplast F42L (MFFC) and developed membranes from polyvinylidene fluoride without (PVDF) and with a non-woven polyester support (PVDF-s)) on dense and/or supported membrane properties, respectively, was investigated. The dense and supported PEBA/Ho-1,3,5-H<sub>3</sub>btc membranes were studied by use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, swelling measurements, and pervaporation experiments. The supported membrane from PEBA with 5 wt.% Ho-1,3,5-H<sub>3</sub>btc applied onto the PVDF-s substrate exhibited optimal pervaporation performance: a 1040 g/(m<sup>2</sup>h) permeation flux and a 5.2 separation factor in water/phenol (1 wt.%) mixture separation at 50 °C due to optimal values of roughness, swelling degree, and selective layer thickness. This finding highlights the potential of incorporating Ho-1,3,5-H<sub>3</sub>btc into PEBA for developing high-performance pervaporation membranes. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3245">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/polymers/sections/Polymer_Applications">Polymer Applications</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3245/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527085"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527085"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527085" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527085" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527085" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527085-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-ag-550.jpg?1732273755" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div><script id="images1527085" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527085-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g001-550.jpg?1732273720'><p>Figure 1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527085-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g002-550.jpg?1732273721'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527085-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g003a-550.jpg?1732273724'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527085-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g003b-550.jpg?1732273727'><p>Figure 3 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527085-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g004a-550.jpg?1732273728'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527085-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g004b-550.jpg?1732273732'><p>Figure 4 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527085-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g005-550.jpg?1732273736'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527085-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g006-550.jpg?1732273740'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1527085-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g007-550.jpg?1732273742'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1527085-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g008a-550.jpg?1732273745'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1527085-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g008b-550.jpg?1732273749'><p>Figure 8 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1527085-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g009-550.jpg?1732273753'><p>Figure 9</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527085-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-ag-550.jpg?1732273755" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3245'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g001-550.jpg?1732273720" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>The dependence of (<b>a</b>) permeation flux, the isopropanol content in the permeate, (<b>b</b>) component permeance, and (<b>c</b>) separation factor and PSI on the Ho-1,3,5-H<sub>3</sub>btc content in the PEBA matrix for pervaporation separation of a water (95%)/iPrOH (5%) mixture.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3245'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g002-550.jpg?1732273721" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>FTIR spectra of dense PEBA-0 and PEBA-5 membranes.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3245'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g003a-550.jpg?1732273724" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Cross-sectional and surface SEM micrographs of dense membranes based on PEBA and its composite with different Ho-1,3,5-H<sub>3</sub>btc contents: (<b>a</b>) PEBA-0, (<b>b</b>) PEBA-1, (<b>c</b>) PEBA-3, (<b>d</b>) PEBA-5, and (<b>e</b>) PEBA-7.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3245'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g003b-550.jpg?1732273727" title=" <strong>Figure 3 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>Cross-sectional and surface SEM micrographs of dense membranes based on PEBA and its composite with different Ho-1,3,5-H<sub>3</sub>btc contents: (<b>a</b>) PEBA-0, (<b>b</b>) PEBA-1, (<b>c</b>) PEBA-3, (<b>d</b>) PEBA-5, and (<b>e</b>) PEBA-7.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3245'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g004a-550.jpg?1732273728" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>AFM images and average roughness values (Ra) of dense membranes based on PEBA and its composite with different Ho-1,3,5-H<sub>3</sub>btc contents: (<b>a</b>) PEBA-0, (<b>b</b>) PEBA-1, (<b>c</b>) PEBA-3, (<b>d</b>) PEBA-5, and (<b>e</b>) PEBA-7.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3245'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g004b-550.jpg?1732273732" title=" <strong>Figure 4 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>AFM images and average roughness values (Ra) of dense membranes based on PEBA and its composite with different Ho-1,3,5-H<sub>3</sub>btc contents: (<b>a</b>) PEBA-0, (<b>b</b>) PEBA-1, (<b>c</b>) PEBA-3, (<b>d</b>) PEBA-5, and (<b>e</b>) PEBA-7.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3245'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g005-550.jpg?1732273736" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>The (<b>a</b>) permeation flux, the isopropanol content in the permeate, (<b>b</b>) the components’ permeance, and (<b>c</b>) the separation factor and PSI for the unmodified supported membranes for pervaporation separation of a water (95%)/iPrOH (5%) mixture.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3245'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g006-550.jpg?1732273740" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>The values of (<b>a</b>) permeation flux, isopropanol content in the permeate, (<b>b</b>) the components’ permeance, and (<b>c</b>) the separation factor and PSI for the supported PEBA-0/PVDF-s and PEBA-5/PVDF-s membranes for pervaporation separation of a water (95%)/iPrOH (5%) mixture.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3245'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g007-550.jpg?1732273742" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>The permeation flux and phenol content in the permeate for the supported PEBA-0/PVDF-s and PEBA-5/PVDF-s membranes for pervaporation separation of a water/phenol mixture of 0.1 wt.% (black) and 1 wt.% phenol (red) at (<b>a</b>) 22 °C and (<b>b</b>) 50 °C.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3245'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g008a-550.jpg?1732273745" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>SEM micrographs of supported membranes: (<b>a</b>) PEBA-0/MFFC, (<b>b</b>) PEBA-0/PVDF, (<b>c</b>) PEBA-0/PVDF-s, and (<b>d</b>) PEBA-5/PVDF-s.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3245'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g008b-550.jpg?1732273749" title=" <strong>Figure 8 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>SEM micrographs of supported membranes: (<b>a</b>) PEBA-0/MFFC, (<b>b</b>) PEBA-0/PVDF, (<b>c</b>) PEBA-0/PVDF-s, and (<b>d</b>) PEBA-5/PVDF-s.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3245'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03245/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03245-g009-550.jpg?1732273753" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>AFM images and average roughness values (Ra) for supported membranes: (<b>a</b>) PEBA-0/MFFC, (<b>b</b>) PEBA-0/PVDF, (<b>c</b>) PEBA-0/PVDF-s, and (<b>d</b>) PEBA-5/PVDF-s.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3245'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527001" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527001" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527001" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3244/s1?version=1732270765"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 364 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 14 pages, 4458 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3244/pdf?version=1732270764" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Development of Conductive Antibacterial Coatings on Cotton Fabrics via Polyphenol-Mediated Silver Mirror Reaction" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3244">Development of Conductive Antibacterial Coatings on Cotton Fabrics via Polyphenol-Mediated Silver Mirror Reaction</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yixiao Wu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chenlin Fu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jiaxin Xin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lin Yang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chong Zhao</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kun Yan</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3244; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233244">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233244</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Herein, this study reports the development of a multifunctional conductive antibacterial cotton fabric through the utilization of the natural polyphenol-mediated silver mirror reaction. The experimental results demonstrate that polyphenols can effectively facilitate the deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), resulting in a uniform and <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3244/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Herein, this study reports the development of a multifunctional conductive antibacterial cotton fabric through the utilization of the natural polyphenol-mediated silver mirror reaction. The experimental results demonstrate that polyphenols can effectively facilitate the deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), resulting in a uniform and durable hybrid nanocoating on the cotton fabric. The effects of polyphenol’s molecular weights on the coating structures and stabilities have been revealed via two distinct approaches: washing resistance and electrochemical testing systems. It has been concluded that lower-molecular-weight phenols induce a compact and dense coating structure, whereas polyphenols such as tannic acid exhibit relatively high stability, achieving an excellent conductivity of 0.2 S/cm and a good washing resistance of 67% over five cycles. The underlying mechanism has been further confirmed by the cyclic voltammetry measurements, suggesting that polyphenols play a significant role in stabilizing AgNPs and preventing their dissolution. Furthermore, the Ag-doped polyphenol-coated fabrics exhibit notable antibacterial properties. By coupling natural polyphenols with typical silver mirror reactions, this study not only offers a sustainable alternative to synthetic chemicals but also presents a promising method to endow cotton textiles with the dual properties of conductivity and antibacterial activity. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3244">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/polymers/special_issues/1M3PODFF6C ">Biomaterials Modification, Characterization and Applications</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3244/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527001"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527001"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527001" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527001" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527001" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527001-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03244/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03244-g001-550.jpg?1732270884" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527001" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527001-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03244/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03244-g002-550.jpg?1732270887'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527001-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03244/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03244-g003-550.jpg?1732270889'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527001-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03244/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03244-g004-550.jpg?1732270892'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527001-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03244/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03244-g005-550.jpg?1732270895'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527001-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03244/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03244-g006-550.jpg?1732270897'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527001-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03244/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03244-g007-550.jpg?1732270899'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527001-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03244/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03244-g001-550.jpg?1732270884" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) The chemical structures of natural polyphenols and the effects of their molecular weights on the structures of polyphenol@Ag nanocoatings. (<b>b</b>) The schematic illustrates the preparation processes and polyphenol-mediated self-assembly of AgNPs on the cotton fabric.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3244'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03244/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03244-g002-550.jpg?1732270887" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Optical and SEM images of the cotton fabrics before and after modification with different natural polyphenols and AgNPs. (<b>b</b>) The schematic illustrates the possible structures of nanocoatings prepared from natural polyphenols with different molecular weights.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3244'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03244/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03244-g003-550.jpg?1732270889" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Optical images, (<b>b</b>) water contact angles, (<b>c</b>) crystalline structures (XRD), and (<b>d</b>) mechanical properties of the cotton fabrics decorated with different components.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3244'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03244/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03244-g004-550.jpg?1732270892" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Photothermal images of the as-prepared fabrics irradiated with an infrared (IR) lamp for 5 min; the power density is about 0.5 W cm<sup>−2</sup>. (<b>b</b>) The surface temperature as a function of irradiation time and the compositions of the fabrics. (<b>c</b>) Photo-heating rates of the fabrics with different nanocoating treatments.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3244'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03244/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03244-g005-550.jpg?1732270895" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Conductivities of the fabrics before and after being washed in water at 60 °C for five cycles (each cycle lasting about 1 min, stirring speed: 1500 r/min). (<b>b</b>) Assessment of the stability of the fabric’s conductivity after five rounds of washing; the inserted images indicate the high conductivity that allowed the fabric to light up a LED light. (<b>c</b>) Surface morphologies of the fabrics before and after washing treatments.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3244'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03244/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03244-g006-550.jpg?1732270897" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) The cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were conducted using conductive fabrics as the working electrodes in a distilled water (DI) solution (20 mV/s). (<b>b</b>) The peak currents as a function of the square root of the scan rate and the corresponding linear fitting results. (<b>c</b>) Schematic illustration of the mechanisms of the electrochemical tests used to reveal the relationship between ionic conductivity and coating stability. (<b>d</b>) The cyclic voltammetry curves of the conductive fabrics over 12 rounds.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3244'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03244/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03244-g007-550.jpg?1732270899" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Antibacterial tests of the fabrics against two commonly used bacterial strains: <span class="html-italic">S. aureus</span> and <span class="html-italic">E. coli</span>. (<b>a</b>) Agar plate tests of different fabrics co-cultured with the two bacteria at 37 °C for 24 h. Inhibition zone diameters of the fabrics decorated with (<b>b</b>) natural polyphenols and (<b>c</b>) natural polyphenol/nanometal composites.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3244'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 12 pages, 3663 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3243/pdf?version=1732269974" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Mechanical Performance of Structural Polymethyl Methacrylate Joints at Different Temperatures" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3243">Mechanical Performance of Structural Polymethyl Methacrylate Joints at Different Temperatures</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chenxing Kang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lei Peng</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yantao Li</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jinhui Zong</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3243; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233243">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233243</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This paper introduces a novel technique for enhancing the joint strength in structural acrylic glass (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA) under thermal cycling conditions. By employing bulk polymerization, the strength of PMMA joints was significantly reinforced. Tensile assessments from 20 °C to 140 °C were <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3243/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This paper introduces a novel technique for enhancing the joint strength in structural acrylic glass (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA) under thermal cycling conditions. By employing bulk polymerization, the strength of PMMA joints was significantly reinforced. Tensile assessments from 20 °C to 140 °C were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of acrylic joints under varying temperature conditions. A constitutive model was established to correlate the strength of both the base material and the joints with temperature variations. The tensile test outcomes demonstrated that the innovative bulk polymerization method under thermal cycling conditions effectively increased the joint material strength to reach up to 90% of the base material’s strength, and the post-thermal cycling tests demonstrate that post-thermal cycling has essentially no impact on the strength and modulus. This advancement in joint strength enhancement not only expands the potential applications of acrylic glass in architectural structures but also lays a substantial theoretical foundation for construction practices. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3243">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/polymers/sections/Process_Eng">Polymer Processing and Engineering</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3243/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526978"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526978"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526978" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526978" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526978" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526978-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-ag-550.jpg?1732270076" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div><script id="images1526978" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526978-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g001-550.jpg?1732270059'><p>Figure 1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526978-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g002-550.jpg?1732270060'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526978-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g003-550.jpg?1732270061'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526978-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g004-550.jpg?1732270064'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1526978-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g005-550.jpg?1732270066'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1526978-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g006-550.jpg?1732270068'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1526978-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g007-550.jpg?1732270070'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1526978-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g008-550.jpg?1732270072'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1526978-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g009-550.jpg?1732270073'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1526978-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g010-550.jpg?1732270074'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1526978-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g011-550.jpg?1732270075'><p>Figure 11</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526978-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-ag-550.jpg?1732270076" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3243'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g001-550.jpg?1732270059" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Specimen manufacturing processes.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3243'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g002-550.jpg?1732270060" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>PMMA specimens.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3243'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g003-550.jpg?1732270061" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>High-temperature tensile test setup.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3243'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g004-550.jpg?1732270064" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Modes of specimen failure (temperature, number of splices): (<b>a</b>) 40 ℃, 0; (<b>b</b>) 40 ℃, 1; (<b>c</b>) 100 ℃, 0; (<b>d</b>) 100 ℃, 1; (<b>e</b>) 120 ℃, 0; and (<b>f</b>) 120 ℃, 1.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3243'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g005-550.jpg?1732270066" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Stress-strain curves at various temperatures: (<b>a</b>) seamless specimen and (<b>b</b>) seamed specimen.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3243'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g006-550.jpg?1732270068" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Stress-strain curves after thermal cycling: (<b>a</b>) seamless specimen and (<b>b</b>) seamed specimen.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3243'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g007-550.jpg?1732270070" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Mechanical properties affected by temperature.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3243'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g008-550.jpg?1732270072" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Modulus and strength variation.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3243'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g009-550.jpg?1732270073" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Model fitting effectiveness.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3243'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g010-550.jpg?1732270074" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Temperature model fit.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3243'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03243/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03243-g011-550.jpg?1732270075" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Analysis of model reliability.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3243'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 16 pages, 3967 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3242/pdf?version=1732271106" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Sustainable Transformation of Cellulose-Containing Textile Waste into Multifunctional Panels with Tailored FR-Lignocellulosic Fibres" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3242">Sustainable Transformation of Cellulose-Containing Textile Waste into Multifunctional Panels with Tailored FR-Lignocellulosic Fibres</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hamid Lamoudan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lahbib Abenghal</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dan Belosinschi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>François Brouillette</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Patricia Dolez</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Raymond Panneton</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cécile Fonrouge</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3242; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233242">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233242</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The fashion industry significantly impacts the environment, mainly through the substantial generation of waste textiles fostered by fast fashion business models. This study introduces an innovative approach to textile waste management by recycling waste textiles without the use of chemical or mechanical treatments. <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3242/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The fashion industry significantly impacts the environment, mainly through the substantial generation of waste textiles fostered by fast fashion business models. This study introduces an innovative approach to textile waste management by recycling waste textiles without the use of chemical or mechanical treatments. Herein, we developed a method adhering to the principles of circular economy to transform these textile wastes into high-quality construction panels using a papermaking process. This method not only provides a sustainable solution to reduce landfill dependency but also enhances resource efficiency in the construction industry. The fabricated panels, composed of a blend of 45% textile waste microfibres and 55% fire-retardant fibres, exhibit several advantageous properties. They feature a low apparent density ranging between 170–180 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and a low thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.047 W/m&lowast;K at 50 kPa. It revealed that phosphorylated fibres not only provide flame-retardant properties, but they also significantly improve the mechanical properties of the panels. For example, load at break increases from 12.4 to 81.1 N, stress at break from 0.44 to 3.59 MPa, and E-modulus from 29.2 to 198.8 MPa after the addition of these 55% fibres. Moreover, these panels successfully met the criteria set by international standards for construction products satisfying the fire test, EN ISO 11925-2. These characteristics make the panels superior options for sustainable construction materials, offering enhanced fire resistance and insulation properties, which are critical to meet modern building standards. They mark a pivotal step towards sustainable construction and waste reduction in the fashion industry. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3242">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/polymers/special_issues/X6050717F1 ">Polysaccharide-Based Materials: Developments and Properties</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3242/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527020"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527020"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527020" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527020" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527020" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527020-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g001-550.jpg?1732271193" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527020" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527020-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g002-550.jpg?1732271194'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527020-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g003-550.jpg?1732271196'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527020-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g004-550.jpg?1732271198'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527020-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g005-550.jpg?1732271199'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527020-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g006a-550.jpg?1732271201'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527020-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g006b-550.jpg?1732271204'><p>Figure 6 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527020-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g007-550.jpg?1732271209'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527020-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g008-550.jpg?1732271211'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527020-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g001-550.jpg?1732271193" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Phosphorylation reaction scheme of lignocellulosic fibres using the phosphate ester/urea system.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3242'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g002-550.jpg?1732271194" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Wet fibre pad formation.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3242'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g003-550.jpg?1732271196" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Manufacturing process of panels from textile waste microfibres.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3242'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g004-550.jpg?1732271198" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>SEM images of (<b>a</b>) textile waste microfibres, (<b>b</b>) PKF and (<b>c</b>) Panel made from a mixture of textile waste microfibres and PKF.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3242'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g005-550.jpg?1732271199" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>FT-IR spectra of cellulosic fibres, polyester fibres, and textile waste before and after Cuen treatment.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3242'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g006a-550.jpg?1732271201" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Sound absorption coefficient and transmission loss of panel prototypes (<b>a</b>) Normal incidence sound absorption coefficient on hard wall. (<b>b</b>) Normal incidence sound absorption coefficient on 20-mm air cavity backed by hard wall. (<b>c</b>) Normal incidence sound transmission.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3242'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g006b-550.jpg?1732271204" title=" <strong>Figure 6 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>Sound absorption coefficient and transmission loss of panel prototypes (<b>a</b>) Normal incidence sound absorption coefficient on hard wall. (<b>b</b>) Normal incidence sound absorption coefficient on 20-mm air cavity backed by hard wall. (<b>c</b>) Normal incidence sound transmission.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3242'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g007-550.jpg?1732271209" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Photographs of prototype panel during the ignitability test (<b>a</b>) before and (<b>b</b>) after flame exposure.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3242'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03242/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03242-g008-550.jpg?1732271211" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Paper samples and the corresponding stress–strain curves for 100% phosphorylated fibres (<b>left</b>), 100% textile waste (<b>middle</b>), and 55/45% mix of phosphorylated fibres and textile waste (<b>right</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3242'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 24 pages, 5087 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3241/pdf?version=1732327176" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Optimization of Metal Injection Molding Processing Conditions for Reducing Black Lines and Meld Lines in Bone Plates" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3241">Optimization of Metal Injection Molding Processing Conditions for Reducing Black Lines and Meld Lines in Bone Plates</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chao-Ming Lin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Po-Yu Yen</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chung-Ming Tan</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3241; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233241">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233241</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The bone plates used in surgery to assist in fracture healing are often manufactured by metal injection molding (MIM) using a feedstock material consisting of metal powder and polymer binder. However, if the local powder concentration is too low or uneven, black lines <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3241/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The bone plates used in surgery to assist in fracture healing are often manufactured by metal injection molding (MIM) using a feedstock material consisting of metal powder and polymer binder. However, if the local powder concentration is too low or uneven, black lines may be formed, which impair the product appearance. Furthermore, if the melding temperature is too low, it can lead to meld lines and reduced mechanical properties. Accordingly, this study combines mold flow analysis simulations with the single-objective Taguchi robust design method to determine the MIM processing conditions that optimize the powder concentration and melding temperature. Grey relational analysis (GRA) is then used to establish the processing conditions that simultaneously optimize both MIM objectives. It is found that the processing conditions determined through GRA provide a significant improvement over the original design; however, the experimental outcomes are poorer than those achieved through the single-objective Taguchi experiments since the melt temperature effect suppresses that of all the other processing conditions. Consequently, a robust multi-criteria optimization (RMCO) technique is employed to improve the optimization outcome by identifying the dominant factors in the MIM process and fixing them at optimal levels to redesign the Taguchi experiments to optimize the non-primary factors. It is shown that the RMCO method eliminates interference between the multiple factors and hence provides an improved multi-objective optimization outcome. Overall, the integrated framework proposed in this study advances the optimization of the MIM process for bone plates and leads to improved product quality and performance. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3241">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/polymers/special_issues/A3GM7XBD7A ">Molding Process of Polymers and Composites</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3241/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526954"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526954"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526954" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526954" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526954" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g001-550.jpg?1732327305" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1526954" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g002-550.jpg?1732327307'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g003-550.jpg?1732327310'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g004-550.jpg?1732327312'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g005-550.jpg?1732327315'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g006-550.jpg?1732327318'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g007-550.jpg?1732327321'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g008-550.jpg?1732327323'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g009-550.jpg?1732327325'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g010-550.jpg?1732327327'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g011-550.jpg?1732327330'><p>Figure 11</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526954-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g001-550.jpg?1732327305" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Humeral bone plate.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g002-550.jpg?1732327307" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>MIM processing flow diagram.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g003-550.jpg?1732327310" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Phase separation effects due to shear-rate gradient; (<b>b</b>) formation of black lines due to shear-induced phase separation (Notes: The yellow light is the incident light; the red light is the reflected light; the gray dotted line is the dark area showing no reflected light).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g004-550.jpg?1732327312" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) V-notch formation as flow-front bypasses obstacle; (<b>b</b>) distribution of meld lines (red lines) around bone plate holes. (Note: The color distribution from red to green to blue is the flow-front moving over time.)</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g005-550.jpg?1732327315" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Analytical framework used to optimize MIM processing conditions for bone plate.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g006-550.jpg?1732327318" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Bone plate dimensions (the maximum thickness = 3.931 mm; the average thickness = 3.123 mm); (<b>b</b>) injection gate type I; (<b>c</b>). injection gate type II; (<b>d</b>) injection gate type III.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g007-550.jpg?1732327321" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Material properties of MIM feedstock material: (<b>a</b>) P-<span class="html-italic">v</span>-T diagram; (<b>b</b>) viscosity vs. shear rate diagram.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g008-550.jpg?1732327323" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>S/N ratios obtained for powder concentration and melding temperature by different optimization methods.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g009-550.jpg?1732327325" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Probability distribution diagrams of different optimization methods: (<b>a</b>) powder concentration; (<b>b</b>) melding temperature. (Note that Taguchi PC curve and RMCO curves are nearly coincident).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g010-550.jpg?1732327327" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Powder concentration improvement in different methods: (<b>a</b>) original; (<b>b</b>) Taguchi powder concentration; (<b>c</b>) Taguchi melding temperature; (<b>d</b>) GRA; (<b>e</b>) RMCO.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g011-550.jpg?1732327330" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Melding temperature improvement in different methods: (<b>a</b>) original; (<b>b</b>) Taguchi powder concentration; (<b>c</b>) Taguchi melding temperature; (<b>d</b>) GRA; (<b>e</b>) RMCO.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 36 pages, 11045 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3240/pdf?version=1732266855" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Polymeric Membranes for Liquid Separation: Innovations in Materials, Fabrication, and Industrial Applications" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3240">Polymeric Membranes for Liquid Separation: Innovations in Materials, Fabrication, and Industrial Applications</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lalit Ranjan Sahu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Diksha Yadav</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Debasish Borah</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anuranjit Gogoi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Subrata Goswami</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gauri Hazarika</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sachin Karki</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Moucham Borpatra Gohain</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Saurabh V. Sawake</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sumit V. Jadhav</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Soumya Chatterjee</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pravin G. Ingole</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3240; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233240">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233240</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Polymeric membranes have emerged as a versatile and efficient liquid separation technology, addressing the growing demand for sustainable, high-performance separation processes in various industrial sectors. This review offers an in-depth analysis of recent developments in polymeric membrane technology, focusing on materials’ advancements, innovative <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3240/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Polymeric membranes have emerged as a versatile and efficient liquid separation technology, addressing the growing demand for sustainable, high-performance separation processes in various industrial sectors. This review offers an in-depth analysis of recent developments in polymeric membrane technology, focusing on materials’ advancements, innovative fabrication methods, and strategies for improving performance. We discuss the underlying principles of membrane separation, selecting suitable polymers, and integrating novel materials, such as mixed-matrix and composite membranes, to enhance selectivity, permeability, and antifouling properties. The article also highlights the challenges and limitations associated with polymeric membranes, including stability, fouling, and scalability, and explores potential solutions to overcome these obstacles. This review aims to guide the development of next-generation polymeric membranes for efficient and sustainable liquid separation by offering a detailed analysis of current research and future directions. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3240">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/polymers/special_issues/Y655347ITN ">Recent Trends in Polymer Membranes: Fabrication Technique, Characterization, Functionalization, and Applications in Environmental Science, 2nd Edition</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3240/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526855"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526855"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526855" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526855" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526855" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-ag-550.jpg?1732266959" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div><script id="images1526855" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g001-550.jpg?1732266924'><p>Figure 1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g002-550.jpg?1732266925'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g003-550.jpg?1732266926'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g004-550.jpg?1732266928'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g005-550.jpg?1732266929'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g006-550.jpg?1732266931'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g007-550.jpg?1732266933'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g008-550.jpg?1732266934'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g009-550.jpg?1732266935'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g010-550.jpg?1732266937'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g011-550.jpg?1732266938'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g012-550.jpg?1732266940'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g013-550.jpg?1732266942'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g014-550.jpg?1732266944'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g015-550.jpg?1732266946'><p>Figure 15</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g016-550.jpg?1732266949'><p>Figure 16</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='17' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g017-550.jpg?1732266953'><p>Figure 17</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='18' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g018-550.jpg?1732266955'><p>Figure 18</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='19' data-target='article-1526855-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g019-550.jpg?1732266956'><p>Figure 19</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526855-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-ag-550.jpg?1732266959" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g001-550.jpg?1732266924" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Significant advancements of membrane technology for liquid separation.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g002-550.jpg?1732266925" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Different kinds of membrane separation processes.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g003-550.jpg?1732266926" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Classification of membranes based on structure and material.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g004-550.jpg?1732266928" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Schematic representation of planar, (<b>a</b>) plate-and-frame and (<b>b</b>) spiral wound [<a href="#B54-polymers-16-03240" class="html-bibr">54</a>], and cylindrical, (<b>c</b>) hollow-fiber membrane with parallel and crisscross arrangement [<a href="#B55-polymers-16-03240" class="html-bibr">55</a>], geometries.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g005-550.jpg?1732266929" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Representation of dead-end and crossflow filtration setups for membranes [<a href="#B55-polymers-16-03240" class="html-bibr">55</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g006-550.jpg?1732266931" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Cross-sectional SEM images of the dual-layer asymmetric hollow-fiber membrane [<a href="#B61-polymers-16-03240" class="html-bibr">61</a>]: (<b>A</b>) complete profile, (<b>B</b>) cross-sectional part, (<b>C</b>) outer layer, and (<b>D</b>) inner layer.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g007-550.jpg?1732266933" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Diagram representing the size exclusion (steric exclusion), Donnan ion exclusion (electrostatic interaction), and dielectric exclusion mechanisms [<a href="#B65-polymers-16-03240" class="html-bibr">65</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g008-550.jpg?1732266934" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Schematic representation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic mechanisms (hydrophobic–hydrophilic interaction) of transportation [<a href="#B68-polymers-16-03240" class="html-bibr">68</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g009-550.jpg?1732266935" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>An illustration of capturing boron using an affinity-based adsorptive membrane [<a href="#B69-polymers-16-03240" class="html-bibr">69</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g010-550.jpg?1732266937" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Diffusion dialysis using an anion exchange membrane (AEM) [<a href="#B73-polymers-16-03240" class="html-bibr">73</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g011-550.jpg?1732266938" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Diagram representing the electrospinning process for fabricating a fibrous polymeric membrane via the (<b>a</b>) needle-based electrospinning technique and (<b>b</b>) needleless electrospinning technique.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g012-550.jpg?1732266940" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Significant advancements in the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of polymer membranes created via liquid–liquid interfacial polymerization (IP) up to 2022 [<a href="#B100-polymers-16-03240" class="html-bibr">100</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g013-550.jpg?1732266942" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Diagram showing the interaction of embedded carbon nanofillers with PES and PVDF polymers in UF membrane during the phase inversion process. (<b>b</b>) Interfacial polymerization process in NF and RO membranes between amine and TMC using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and GO nanomaterials. (<b>c</b>) The surface modification of the membranes utilizing carbon nanofillers through covalent cross-linking [<a href="#B110-polymers-16-03240" class="html-bibr">110</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g014-550.jpg?1732266944" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>Electrospun nanofibrous MMMs’ development via the electrospinning technique [<a href="#B90-polymers-16-03240" class="html-bibr">90</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g015-550.jpg?1732266946" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>Diagrammatic representation of SDG 6 goals and its subgoals [<a href="#B131-polymers-16-03240" class="html-bibr">131</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g016-550.jpg?1732266949" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Permeation and rejection graphs of M1 (without nanomaterial) and M2 (0.02 wt% UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>) nanofiltration membranes for malachite green dye at 10 and 15 bar. (<b>b</b>) Images to compare the dye feed and obtained permeate per hour for up to 7 h at room temperature [<a href="#B136-polymers-16-03240" class="html-bibr">136</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g017-550.jpg?1732266953" title=" <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) TFN membranes prepared by the VP-IP method and (<b>b</b>) cross-sectional FE-SEM images of the prepared TFC, TFN, and pristine PES polymeric membranes [<a href="#B5-polymers-16-03240" class="html-bibr">5</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g018-550.jpg?1732266955" title=" <strong>Figure 18</strong><br/> <p>Cellulose acetate membrane fabrication using cigarette butt waste via the phase inversion process [<a href="#B137-polymers-16-03240" class="html-bibr">137</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03240/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03240-g019-550.jpg?1732266956" title=" <strong>Figure 19</strong><br/> <p>Schematic diagram demonstrating the antifouling mechanism of the membrane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3240'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 21 pages, 7540 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3239/pdf?version=1732266451" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Green Chemically Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles–Chitosan Coatings for Enhancing Strawberry Shelf-Life" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3239">Green Chemically Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles–Chitosan Coatings for Enhancing Strawberry Shelf-Life</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ayesha Sani</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dilawar Hassan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ghulam Qadir Chanihoon</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dulce Viridiana Melo Máximo</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Elvia Patricia Sánchez-Rodríguez</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3239; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233239">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233239</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> To enhance the preservation of strawberries, a novel coating formulation was developed using chitosan (CH) and iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (NPs) supplemented with ginger and garlic extracts and combined with varying concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs. The <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3239/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> To enhance the preservation of strawberries, a novel coating formulation was developed using chitosan (CH) and iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (NPs) supplemented with ginger and garlic extracts and combined with varying concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs. The results of XRD revealed an average crystalline size of 48.1 nm for Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs. SEM images identified Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs as bright spots on the surface of the fruit, while FTIR confirmed their presence by detecting specific functional groups. Additional SEM analysis revealed clear visibility of CH coatings on the strawberries. Both uncoated and coated strawberry samples were stored at room temperature (27 °C), and quality parameters were systematically assessed, including weight loss, firmness, pH, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSSs), ascorbic acid content, antioxidant activity, total reducing sugars (TRSs), total phenolic compounds (TPCs), and infection rates. The obtained weight loss was 21.6% and 6% for 1.5% CH and 3% IO with 1.5% CH, whereas the obtained infection percentage was 19.65% and 13.68% for 1.5% CH and 3% IO with 1.5% CH. As strawberries are citric fruit, 3% IO with 1.5% CH contains 55.81 mg/100 g ascorbic acid. The antioxidant activity for 1.5% CH coated was around 73.89%, whereas 3% IO with 1.5% CH showed 82.89%. The studies revealed that coated samples showed better results, whereas CH that incorporates Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NP coatings appears very promising for extending the shelf life of strawberries, preserving their quality and nutritional value during storage and transportation. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3239">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/polymers/special_issues/WBV42T66LO ">Green Polymers from Renewable Resources</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3239/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526841"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526841"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526841" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526841" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526841" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526841-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g001-550.jpg?1732266538" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1526841" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526841-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g002-550.jpg?1732266541'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526841-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g003-550.jpg?1732266544'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526841-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g004-550.jpg?1732266545'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526841-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g005-550.jpg?1732266548'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1526841-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g006-550.jpg?1732266550'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1526841-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g007-550.jpg?1732266556'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1526841-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g008-550.jpg?1732266558'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1526841-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g009-550.jpg?1732266560'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1526841-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g010-550.jpg?1732266561'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1526841-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g011-550.jpg?1732266564'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1526841-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g012-550.jpg?1732266566'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1526841-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g013-550.jpg?1732266567'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1526841-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g014-550.jpg?1732266568'><p>Figure 14</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526841-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g001-550.jpg?1732266538" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Schematic representation of filtration of lemon juice.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3239'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g002-550.jpg?1732266541" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Schematic diagram of extraction of ginger and garlic extracts and synthesis of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs using a mixture of ginger and garlic extracts.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3239'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g003-550.jpg?1732266544" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Graphical representation of the coating solution preparation and the application of prepared solution on strawberries.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3239'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g004-550.jpg?1732266545" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>XRD pattern for Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3239'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g005-550.jpg?1732266548" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>SEM micrograph for Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NP.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3239'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g006-550.jpg?1732266550" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>FTIR pattern for Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NP.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3239'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g007-550.jpg?1732266556" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>–<b>e</b>) SEM images of strawberry peels.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3239'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g008-550.jpg?1732266558" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Viscosity against shear rate; (<b>b</b>) stress vs. shear rate.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3239'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g009-550.jpg?1732266560" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Loss modulus; (<b>b</b>) storage modulus.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3239'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g010-550.jpg?1732266561" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>The quality parameters of preserved strawberries at room temperature (27 °C) (<b>a</b>) % weight loss (<b>b</b>) firmness study. All the values are mean (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 5) ± SD.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3239'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g011-550.jpg?1732266564" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>The quality parameters of preserved strawberries at room temperature (27 °C) (<b>a</b>) pH; (<b>b</b>) TSS; (<b>c</b>) TA. All the values are mean (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 5) ± SD.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3239'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g012-550.jpg?1732266566" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>The quality parameters of preserved strawberries at room temperature (27 °C). (<b>a</b>) % Antioxidant activity; (<b>b</b>) ascorbic acid concentration (%). All the values are mean (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 5) ± SD.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3239'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g013-550.jpg?1732266567" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>TRS of preserved strawberries at room temperature (27 °C). All the values are mean (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 5) ± SD.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3239'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03239/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03239-g014-550.jpg?1732266568" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>The quality parameters of preserved strawberries at room temperature (27 °C) (<b>a</b>) TPC (<b>b</b>) % infection. All the values are mean (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 5) ± SD.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3239'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 58206 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3238/pdf?version=1732264255" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Aging and Modified Washing Process for Polyester Fabrics—Environmental Impact" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3238">Aging and Modified Washing Process for Polyester Fabrics—Environmental Impact</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ana Šaravanja</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tanja Pušić</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Julija Volmajer Valh</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tihana Dekanić</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3238; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233238">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233238</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Aging and washing factors have a direct influence on changing the properties of textile products, e.g., causing a release of textile fragments in the washing process. In this study, polyester fabrics were exposed to artificial aging under controlled conditions. Using a modified washing <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3238/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Aging and washing factors have a direct influence on changing the properties of textile products, e.g., causing a release of textile fragments in the washing process. In this study, polyester fabrics were exposed to artificial aging under controlled conditions. Using a modified washing process, polyester fabrics were subjected to 10 washing cycles before and after the aging process. To monitor the influence of aging and the modified washing process on the polyester fabrics, the physical, structural and morphological properties of the fabrics and the composition of the collected wastewater were analyzed. The results indicate a slight degradation and increased defragmentation of the polyester fabric due to the processes used. Aging caused the phenomenon of “annealing”, photo-oxidative degradation, and the local thickening of the individual fibers. Aging and washing processes influence the change in tensile strength properties. An analysis of zeta potential and BET results confirmed that the aging process results in surface modifications that depend on the time of exposure. The physico-chemical characterization and microscopic analysis of the wastewater revealed various fragments and short, detached fibrils. The results confirmed that both aging and washing significantly affect the properties of polyester fabrics and the composition of the wastewater resulting from the washing process. The relevance of this research to environmental matters is emphasized through the parameters chosen, which reveal the influence of aging on polyester fabric characteristics and the contamination detected in wash wastewater. In conclusion, several avenues for future research have been identified, including lowering washing temperatures, choosing more appropriate detergents, and adjusting standard washing protocols. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3238">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/polymers/special_issues/0WL053C968 ">Environmentally Friendly Textiles, Fibers and Their Composites</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3238/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526776"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526776"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526776" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526776" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526776" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526776-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g001-550.jpg?1732264320" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1526776" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526776-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g002-550.jpg?1732264322'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526776-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g003-550.jpg?1732264324'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526776-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g004a-550.jpg?1732264326'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526776-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g004b-550.jpg?1732264328'><p>Figure 4 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1526776-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g005-550.jpg?1732264329'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1526776-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g006-550.jpg?1732264333'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1526776-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g007-550.jpg?1732264339'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1526776-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g008-550.jpg?1732264341'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1526776-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g009-550.jpg?1732264342'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1526776-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g010-550.jpg?1732264344'><p>Figure 10</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526776-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g001-550.jpg?1732264320" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Life cycle of textile products and their impact on the environment.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3238'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g002-550.jpg?1732264322" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>A schematic representation of the workflow.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3238'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g003-550.jpg?1732264324" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Individual warp yarn of polyester fabrics: (<b>a</b>) untreated; (<b>b</b>) washed.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3238'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g004a-550.jpg?1732264326" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Individual warp yarn polyester fabrics: (<b>a</b>) aged; (<b>b</b>) aged and washed.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3238'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g004b-550.jpg?1732264328" title=" <strong>Figure 4 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>Individual warp yarn polyester fabrics: (<b>a</b>) aged; (<b>b</b>) aged and washed.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3238'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g005-550.jpg?1732264329" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Formation of loops around yarn.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3238'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g006-550.jpg?1732264333" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>SEM images of polyester fabrics at 1000× magnification: (<b>a</b>) untreated (PES_N); (<b>b</b>) untreated–washed (PES_N_W).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3238'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g007-550.jpg?1732264339" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of polyester fabrics at a magnification of 1000×: (<b>a</b>) aged sample, (<b>b</b>) aged and washed sample.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3238'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g008-550.jpg?1732264341" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>The changes in polyester fabric weight as a function of aging (H) and aging–washing (H_W) process.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3238'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g009-550.jpg?1732264342" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>The zeta potential of polyester fabrics before and after aging as a function of pH 1 mmol/L KCl.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3238'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03238/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03238-g010-550.jpg?1732264344" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>The zeta potential of polyester fabrics after aging and washing as a function of pH 1 mmol/L KCl.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3238'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 10028 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3237/pdf?version=1732258724" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Biodegradable TPS/PBAT Blown Films with Ascorbyl Palmitate and Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate as Antioxidant Packaging" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3237">Biodegradable TPS/PBAT Blown Films with Ascorbyl Palmitate and Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate as Antioxidant Packaging</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rosi Andini Arumsari</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Phanwipa Wongphan</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nathdanai Harnkarnsujarit</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3237; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233237">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233237</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The development of biodegradable active packaging is a relevant topic demanding the development of film properties, biodegradability, and the potential to preserve food quality. This study aimed to develop thermoplastic starch (TPS) blended with polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) films via blown-film extrusion containing ascorbyl <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3237/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The development of biodegradable active packaging is a relevant topic demanding the development of film properties, biodegradability, and the potential to preserve food quality. This study aimed to develop thermoplastic starch (TPS) blended with polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) films via blown-film extrusion containing ascorbyl palmitate (AP) and sodium ascorbyl phosphate (SAP) as antioxidants. The morphology, mechanism, and barrier and antioxidant properties of the films were analyzed to determine the presence of AP, SAP, and their interaction effect on the film properties. SEM showed that increasing AP and SAP content increased fibrous-like morphology, improving the TPS dispersion. AP slightly decreased mechanical properties, while SAP increased the tensile properties and seal strength of the films. All of the YM values were increased by adding AP and SAP content. The addition of AP and SAP content enhanced the interaction with TPS/PBAT networks due to increasing C-O stretching of ester bonds, compatibility, and hydrophobicity of the polymer. Both water vapor and the oxygen barrier were insignificantly affected by AP and SAP up to 1%, while the permeabilities greatly increased at higher AP and SAP contents due to non-homogeneous and void spaces between the film matrix. TPS/PBAT containing AP and SAP (≥0.5%) effectively enhanced antioxidant capacity in 95% ethanol as a food simulant and reduced the UV light transmission of the films. Finding, the interaction between AP, SAP, and TPS/PBAT matrices effectively changed the microstructures and properties as functionalized antioxidant biodegradable packaging. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3237">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/polymers/special_issues/N7H6F755KG ">Natural Polymers: Design, Characterization and Applications</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3237/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526677"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526677"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526677" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526677" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526677" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g001-550.jpg?1732258824" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1526677" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g002-550.jpg?1732258827'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g003a-550.jpg?1732258830'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g003b-550.jpg?1732258833'><p>Figure 3 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g004-550.jpg?1732258834'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1526677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g005-550.jpg?1732258836'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1526677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g006-550.jpg?1732258839'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1526677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g007a-550.jpg?1732258841'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1526677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g007b-550.jpg?1732258842'><p>Figure 7 Cont.</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526677-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g001-550.jpg?1732258824" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Structures of TPS/PBAT blend films, namely (<b>a</b>) appearance during blown-film extrusion; (<b>b</b>) surface and (<b>c</b>) cross-section containing ascorbyl palmitate (AP) and sodium ascorbyl phosphate (SAP).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g002-550.jpg?1732258827" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>FTIR spectra of TPS/PBAT blend films; (<b>a</b>) 2700–3700 cm<sup>−1</sup>; (<b>b</b>) 500–1800 cm<sup>−1</sup>, containing ascorbyl palmitate (AP) and sodium ascorbyl phosphate (SAP).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g003a-550.jpg?1732258830" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Mechanical properties of (<b>a</b>) tensile strength (TS); (<b>b</b>) elongation at break (EB); and (<b>c</b>) Young’s modulus (YM) on machine direction (MD) and cross-direction (CD) of TPS/PBAT blend film containing ascorbyl palmitate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate. Different upper and lowercase letters indicate significant difference (<span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05) between samples on CD and MD, respectively.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g003b-550.jpg?1732258833" title=" <strong>Figure 3 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>Mechanical properties of (<b>a</b>) tensile strength (TS); (<b>b</b>) elongation at break (EB); and (<b>c</b>) Young’s modulus (YM) on machine direction (MD) and cross-direction (CD) of TPS/PBAT blend film containing ascorbyl palmitate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate. Different upper and lowercase letters indicate significant difference (<span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05) between samples on CD and MD, respectively.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g004-550.jpg?1732258834" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Seal strength properties of TPS/PBAT blend containing ascorbyl palmitate (AP) and sodium ascorbyl phosphate (SAP). Different lowercase letters (a–e) indicate significant difference (<span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05) between samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g005-550.jpg?1732258836" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Contact angle of TPS/PBAT containing ascorbyl palmitate (AP) and sodium ascorbyl phosphate (SAP). Different lowercase letters (a–d) indicate significant difference (<span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05) between samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g006-550.jpg?1732258839" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Barrier properties of (<b>a</b>) water vapor permeability and (<b>b</b>) oxygen of TPS/PBAT blend film containing ascorbyl palmitate (AP) and sodium ascorbyl phosphate (SAP). Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (<span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05) between samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g007a-550.jpg?1732258841" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Antioxidant activity; (<b>b</b>) UV light transmittance of TPS/PBAT film containing AP and SAP. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (<span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05) between samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03237/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03237-g007b-550.jpg?1732258842" title=" <strong>Figure 7 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Antioxidant activity; (<b>b</b>) UV light transmittance of TPS/PBAT film containing AP and SAP. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (<span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05) between samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 22 pages, 19199 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3236/pdf?version=1732268027" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Impact of Hexyl Branch Content on the Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanisms of Amorphous Ethylene/1-Octene Copolymers: A Molecular Dynamics Study" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3236">Impact of Hexyl Branch Content on the Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanisms of Amorphous Ethylene/1-Octene Copolymers: A Molecular Dynamics Study</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ruijun Zhang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qiqi He</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hongbo Yu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Junhua Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yuexin Hu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jianhua Qian</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3236; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233236">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233236</a> - 21 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Ethylene/1-octene copolymers exhibit enhanced flexibility and impact resistance compared to polyethylene, which makes them well suited for applications in advanced plastics and elastomers. United-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to explore the mechanical behavior and deformation mechanisms of ethylene/1-octene copolymers under uniaxial <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3236/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Ethylene/1-octene copolymers exhibit enhanced flexibility and impact resistance compared to polyethylene, which makes them well suited for applications in advanced plastics and elastomers. United-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to explore the mechanical behavior and deformation mechanisms of ethylene/1-octene copolymers under uniaxial tensile loading. This study systematically examined the influence of temperature, polymer chain length, chain quantity, and strain rate, with a specific focus on how hexyl branch content impacts the mechanical properties of amorphous ethylene/1-octene copolymers. The simulation results indicate that as the branch content increases, the yield strength and elastic modulus decrease, suggesting a trade-off between flexibility and mechanical strength. Energy decomposition analysis reveals that copolymers with more branched chains undergo greater changes in van der Waals energy. Additionally, as the branch content increases, the reduction in dihedral angle energy in the strain hardening region becomes more gradual, and the rate and the extent of the transition of dihedral angles from <i>gauche</i> to <i>trans</i> conformation decrease under deformation. Ethylene/1-octene copolymers exhibit higher chain entanglement parameters compared to linear polyethylene, with these parameters increasing as the branch content rises. Moreover, increasing the branch content results in a less pronounced increase in chain orientation along the loading direction. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3236">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/polymers/special_issues/Q4O7RB96N7 ">Advanced Polymer Materials: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3236/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526578"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526578"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526578" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526578" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526578" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526578-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-ag-550.jpg?1732268226" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div><script id="images1526578" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526578-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g001-550.jpg?1732268203'><p>Figure 1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526578-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g002-550.jpg?1732268204'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526578-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g003-550.jpg?1732268205'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526578-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g004-550.jpg?1732268205'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1526578-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g005-550.jpg?1732268206'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1526578-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g006-550.jpg?1732268208'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1526578-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g007-550.jpg?1732268210'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1526578-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g008-550.jpg?1732268211'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1526578-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g009-550.jpg?1732268215'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1526578-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g010-550.jpg?1732268216'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1526578-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g011-550.jpg?1732268217'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1526578-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g012-550.jpg?1732268219'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1526578-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g013-550.jpg?1732268220'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1526578-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g014-550.jpg?1732268222'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1526578-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-sch001-550.jpg?1732268224'><p>Scheme 1</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526578-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-ag-550.jpg?1732268226" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g001-550.jpg?1732268203" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) A representative system 60POE650/42 model after equilibrium in 300 K; (<b>b</b>) the variations in temperature and total energy of 60POE650/42 during the end of the relaxation process.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g002-550.jpg?1732268204" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Volume change with temperature ranging from 1 to 500 K for the 60POE650/42 model.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g003-550.jpg?1732268205" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Stress–strain relationships of POE with (<b>a</b>) varying chain lengths, (<b>b</b>) different numbers of chains, and (<b>c</b>) different branch contents at 300 K and 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, respectively.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g004-550.jpg?1732268205" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of the yield strength and elastic modulus of POE with different hexyl branch contents at 300 K and 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g005-550.jpg?1732268206" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Temperature-related changes in the stress–strain profile of the 60POE650/42 system under a deformation rate of 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, evaluated at 100 K, 250 K, 300 K, and 400 K. (<b>b</b>) Stress versus strain curves of the 60POE650/42 system across various strain rates at 300 K.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g006-550.jpg?1732268208" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>The individual energy terms variation of the 60POE650/42 system during tensile deformation at 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for temperatures (<b>a</b>) 100 K, (<b>b</b>) 250 K, (<b>c</b>) 300 K, and (<b>d</b>) 400 K, respectively.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g007-550.jpg?1732268210" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>The individual energy terms variation of the 60POE650/42 system during tensile deformation at 300 K for strain rates of (<b>a</b>) 10<sup>8</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, (<b>b</b>) 10<sup>9</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, and (<b>c</b>) 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g008-550.jpg?1732268211" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Variation in individual energy terms in POE systems with different hexyl branched chain contents during tensile deformation at 300 K and 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. The evolution of (<b>a</b>) <span class="html-italic">E</span><sub>bond</sub> (----) and <span class="html-italic">E</span><sub>angle</sub> (—), (<b>b</b>) <span class="html-italic">E</span><sub>dihedral</sub>, (<b>c</b>) <span class="html-italic">E</span><sub>vdwl</sub>, and (<b>d</b>) <span class="html-italic">E</span><sub>total</sub> for POE systems with different branched contents.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g009-550.jpg?1732268215" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Profiles of bond length, bond angle, and dihedral angle for POE systems with different contents of hexyl branched chains at equilibrium (green bar) and at stress peak (light yellow bar) at 300 K and 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g010-550.jpg?1732268216" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) The evolution of dihedral angles with strain in the 60POE650/42 system at multiple temperatures and 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. (<b>b</b>) The evolution of dihedral angles with strain in POE systems with varying branched chain contents at 250 K and 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g011-550.jpg?1732268217" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Free volume changes in response to strain in the 60POE650/42 system at four different temperatures and 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>; (<b>b</b>) the evolution of free volume with strain in the 60POE650/42 model at 300 K and three different strain rates. (<b>c</b>) Free volume changes in response to strain in POE systems with varying branched chain contents at 300 K and 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g012-550.jpg?1732268219" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Chain orientation changes with strain for various chain lengths and counts at 300 K and 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>; (<b>b</b>) the influence of branch contents on the chain orientation parameter at 300 K and 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>; (<b>c</b>) changes in chain orientation in response to strain in the 60POE650/42 system at four varied temperatures and 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>; (<b>d</b>) chain orientation changes in response to strain with varying strain rates.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g013-550.jpg?1732268220" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) The entanglement angle profile for the 60POE650/42 system at strain ε = 0 and ε = 1, respectively, under tensile stress at 300 K and 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>; (<b>b</b>) chain entanglement changes with strain for the 60POE650/42 system at various temperatures.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-g014-550.jpg?1732268222" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) The variation in chain entanglement parameters in response to strain for POE systems with varying hexyl branch contents at 250 K and 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>; (<b>b</b>) the stress–strain curve of the 60POE650/42 system under uniaxial tension at 250 K and 10<sup>10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>; and (<b>c</b>) the changes in polymer chain structures as shown by the stress–strain curve in (<b>b</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03236/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03236-sch001-550.jpg?1732268224" title=" <strong>Scheme 1</strong><br/> <p>Schematic diagram showing the study of how varying hexyl branch contents affect the tensile behavior of POE systems through molecular dynamics uniaxial tension simulations.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3236'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1526257" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1526257" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1526257" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3235/s1?version=1732193234"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 678 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 18 pages, 9524 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3235/pdf?version=1732266201" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Synthesis, Characterization, and Application Prospects of Novel Soluble Polysilsesquioxane Bearing Glutarimide Side-Chain Groups" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3235">Synthesis, Characterization, and Application Prospects of Novel Soluble Polysilsesquioxane Bearing Glutarimide Side-Chain Groups</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yuliya I. Bolgova</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Artem I. Emel’yanov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Olga M. Trofimova</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anastasiya A. Ivanova</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alexander I. Albanov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nadezhda P. Kuznetsova</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tatyana A. Semenova</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alexander S. Pozdnyakov</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3235; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233235">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233235</a> - 21 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The requirement for the development of advanced technologies is the need to create new functional thermostable soluble polysilsesquioxanes. Combining the potential of organosilicon chemistry and the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds is a promising direction for the formation of novel organosilicon polymer systems with <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3235/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The requirement for the development of advanced technologies is the need to create new functional thermostable soluble polysilsesquioxanes. Combining the potential of organosilicon chemistry and the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds is a promising direction for the formation of novel organosilicon polymer systems with new properties and new possibilities for their practical application. Using the classical method of hydrolysis and polycondensation of previously unknown trifunctional (trimethoxysilylpropyl)glutarimide in the presence or absence of an acid or base catalyst, a universal approach to the formation of new thermostable soluble polysilsesquioxanes with glutarimide side-chain groups is proposed, which forms the basis for the synthesis of polysilsesquioxane polymers with different functionality. The weight average molecular weight of silsesquioxanes, determined by gel permeation chromatography, is practically independent of the reaction conditions and is 10–12 kDa; at the same time, the molecular weight distribution remains low and amounts to 1.38–1.47. According to thermogravimetric analysis, the resulting polysiloxanes have high thermal stability up to 335 °C. By the dynamic light scattering method, it was established that in an aqueous solution, silsesquioxane macromolecules are in an associated state, forming supramolecular structures due to the intermolecular interaction of individual macromolecules. The average hydrodynamic diameter of the particles was 46 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the amorphous nature of the polymer. Polymer film coatings based on synthesized silsesquioxanes are characterized by 98% transmission in the visible spectrum and resistance to ultraviolet radiation, which is promising for the creation of functional transparent film coatings. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3235">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/polymers/special_issues/8T79AM2XXC ">Silicon-Based Polymers: From Synthesis to Applications</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3235/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526257"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526257"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" 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data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1526257-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-g014-550.jpg?1732266317'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1526257-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-sch001-550.jpg?1732266317'><p>Scheme 1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1526257-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-sch002-550.jpg?1732266318'><p>Scheme 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526257-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-g001-550.jpg?1732266303" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Images of the 1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]piperidine-2,6-dione (<b>a</b>) and 1-[3-(silsesquioxanyl)propyl]piperidine-2,6-dione <b>2a</b> (<b>b</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3235'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-g002-550.jpg?1732266304" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>FTIR spectra of 1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]piperidine-2,6-dione (<b>1</b>) and 1-[3-(silsesquioxanyl)propyl]piperidine-2,6-dione (<b>2a</b>–<b>c</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3235'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-g003-550.jpg?1732266306" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p><sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra of 1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]piperidine-2,6-dione (down) and 1-[3-(silsesquioxanyl)propyl]piperidine-2,6-dione (<b>2a</b>) (up).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3235'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-g004-550.jpg?1732266308" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p><sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra of 1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]piperidine-2,6-dione (down) and 1-[3-(silsesquioxanyl)propyl]piperidine-2,6-dione <b>2a</b> (up).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3235'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-g005-550.jpg?1732266308" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>GPC curves of silsesquioxanes <b>2a</b>–<b>c</b>: a—pH 7, b—pH 3, and c—pH 10.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3235'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-g006-550.jpg?1732266309" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Unit structures for siloxanes and silsesquioxanes.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3235'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-g007-550.jpg?1732266310" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p><sup>29</sup>Si NMR spectra of 1-[3-(silsesquioxanyl)propyl]piperidine-2,6-dione (<b>2a</b>–<b>c</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3235'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-g008-550.jpg?1732266311" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>XRD pattern of polysilsesquioxane <b>2a</b>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3235'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-g009-550.jpg?1732266312" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of effective diameters of scattering particles of PSQ-GI <b>2a</b>: (<b>a</b>) in aqueous salt solution and (<b>b</b>) in water.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3235'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-g010-550.jpg?1732266313" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>1-[3-(Silsesquioxanyl)propyl]piperidine-2,6-dione <b>2a</b>: (<b>a</b>) in aqueous salt solution (unassociated state) and (<b>b</b>) in water (associated state).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3235'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-g011-550.jpg?1732266313" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>TGA (black line) and DSC (blue line) curves of PSQ-GI <b>2a</b> (under air, 5 °C/min).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3235'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-g012-550.jpg?1732266314" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Mass spectra of PSQ-GI <b>2a</b> under air.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3235'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-g013-550.jpg?1732266316" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Photograph of a water droplet: (<b>a</b>) deposited on the surface of PSQ-GI polymer film coating on silicate glass and (<b>b</b>) deposited on untreated silicate glass.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3235'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-g014-550.jpg?1732266317" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>UV-Vis spectrum and photographs (inset) of a polymer-coated glass substrate (<b>a</b>) and an uncoated glass substrate (<b>b</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3235'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-sch001-550.jpg?1732266317" title=" <strong>Scheme 1</strong><br/> <p>The synthetic route of 1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]piperidine-2,6-dione <b>1</b>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3235'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03235/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03235-sch002-550.jpg?1732266318" title=" <strong>Scheme 2</strong><br/> <p>The synthetic route of 1-[3-(silsesquioxanyl)propyl]piperidine-2,6-dione.</p> 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Polymers | An Open Access Journal from MDPI