NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" itemscope> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1588959637",accountID:"1441911",trustKey:"1441911",xpid:"VQIDUF9SCRABUVRXAgYFUlwE",licenseKey:"169254e235",applicationID:"1555572485"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.273.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.273.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="2.0.0-alpha.12"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.273.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.273.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-INE6Zb6EzumbhkXIBdaAkNZS/ffL8EkMcSbLvA6RBcGiY8U8L27fwNjGEKo5JEitjbYRg57h1htfaS3tUnKwpg==",249:"sha512-vwihlOe7kkKwh5rwTMFdnkYxSP3CXLwGy/24uZ0lnJmNTJxgPXfHbEYGFOokxofxSIVwPwBrhBpjZHWMegLpOw==",212:"sha512-NiNhlKvlu5CLFmmT56mz6YaGy3nkOiB0iJqWT/iVnbkeMwDAOS7nVeYhgHBHbdRF2A9E1YVwXCpnQ36w8P9r1w=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.273.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.273.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}start(e){return this.#e("start",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var o=i(860),a=i(9417);const s=Object.values(o.K7);function c(e){const t={};return s.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,a.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var u=i(425);var d=i(1687),l=i(4234),f=i(5289),h=i(6154),p=i(5270),g=i(7767),m=i(6389);class v extends l.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,d.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,m.J)((()=>{(0,d.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const a=async()=>{let a;try{if((0,g.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));a=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===o.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,a))return(0,d.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:o}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new o(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,d.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};h.RI?(0,f.GG)((()=>a()),!0):a()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case o.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,p.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case o.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var b=i(6630);class y extends v{static featureName=b.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,b.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var w=i(384);var R=i(9908),x=i(2843),T=i(3878),A=i(782),E=i(1863);class S extends v{static featureName=A.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,A.T,t),h.RI&&((0,x.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,E.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,T.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,E.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var N=i(3969);class O extends v{static featureName=N.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,N.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var _=i(6774),I=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,I.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function P(e){return L(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function C(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(L(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,P(e.reason)}catch(t){return P(e.reason)}const r=P(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function k(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return L(e.error)?e.error:P(e)}function L(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class H extends v{static featureName=_.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,_.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,R.p)("ierr",[P(e),(0,E.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),h.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,R.p)("err",[C(e),(0,E.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),h.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,R.p)("err",[k(e),(0,E.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var D=i(8990);let M=1;const K="nr@id";function U(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===h.gm?0:(0,D.I)(e,K,(function(){return M++}))}function V(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,I.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var G=i(8139),F=i(7836),B=i(3434);const W={},z=["open","send"];function q(t){var r=t||F.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||F.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(W[n.debugId]++)return n;W[n.debugId]=1,(0,G.u)(r);var i=(0,B.YM)(n),o=h.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=h.gm.MutationObserver,s=h.gm.Promise,c=h.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=h.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function p(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,z,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){p(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",p),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)p(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Z="fetch-",Y=Z+"body-",X=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],J=h.gm.Request,Q=h.gm.Response,ee="prototype";const te={};function re(e){const t=function(e){return(e||F.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(J&&Q&&h.gm.fetch))return t;if(te[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[F.P]&&o[F.P].dt&&(e=o[F.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return te[t.debugId]=1,X.forEach((e=>{r(J[ee],e,Y),r(Q[ee],e,Y)})),r(h.gm,"fetch",Z),t.on(Z+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Z+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Z+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ne=i(7485),ie=i(5603);class oe{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,ie.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof h.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,I.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,a.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,a.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ne.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,a.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,a.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,a.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,a.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var ae=i(9300),se=i(7295),ce=["load","error","abort","timeout"],ue=ce.length,de=(0,w.dV)().o.REQ,le=(0,w.dV)().o.XHR;class fe extends v{static featureName=ae.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,ae.T,t),this.dt=new oe(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,R.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};h.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};he(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,o.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}re(this.ee),q(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=x,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){A(t,e)}),(0,T.jT)(!1)),h.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}function a(e){this.params={method:e[0]},he(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=V(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,E.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<ue;s++)r.addEventListener(ce[s],this.listener,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+U(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+U(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,E.t)()}function p(e,r){r instanceof le&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof le&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof le&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,E.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,E.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&h.RI&&(t=""+h.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:h.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ne.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,E.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof de?r=i.url:h.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),he(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof de&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=V(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,E.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,se.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,E.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,o.K7.ajax)}function x(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<ue;t++)e.removeEventListener(ce[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,se.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,E.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):A(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,o.K7.ajax))}}function A(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?V(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?V(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,R.p)(N.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,o.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",a),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",p),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function he(e,t){var r=(0,ne.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const pe={},ge=["pushState","replaceState"];function me(e){const t=function(e){return(e||F.ee).get("history")}(e);return!h.RI||pe[t.debugId]++||(pe[t.debugId]=1,(0,B.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,ge,"-")),t}var ve=i(3738);const{He:be,bD:ye,d3:we,Kp:Re,TZ:xe,Lc:Te,uP:Ae,Rz:Ee}=ve;class Se extends v{static featureName=xe;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,xe,t);if(!(0,g.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;me(r),this.eventsEE=(0,G.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,E.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Te,(function(e,t){(0,R.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,E.t)()],void 0,o.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Ee+we,(function(e){this.time=(0,E.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Ee+Re,(function(e){(0,R.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,o.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,R.p)(be,[t],void 0,o.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:ye,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Ne=i(2614);class Oe extends v{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Ne.H3,"_").concat(Ne.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,p.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,R.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Ne.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Ne.g.ERROR)||(0,p.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,2496));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Ne.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Ne.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Ne.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Ne.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Ne.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var _e=i(3962);class Ie extends v{static featureName=_e.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,_e.TZ,t),!h.RI||!(0,w.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=me(this.ee);_e.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,R.p)("newURL",[(0,E.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,T.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,R.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,w.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,R.p)("newDom",[(0,E.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,m.s)((e=>{(0,R.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var je=i(7378);const Pe={},Ce=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function ke(e){const t=function(e){return(e||F.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!h.RI||Pe[t.debugId])return t;Pe[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,B.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,Ce,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const Le={};function He(e){const t=function(e){return(e||F.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(Le[t.debugId])return t;Le[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,B.YM)(t),i=h.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}h.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[B.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const De={},Me="setTimeout",Ke="setInterval",Ue="clearTimeout",Ve="-start",Ge=[Me,"setImmediate",Ke,Ue,"clearImmediate"];function Fe(e){const t=function(e){return(e||F.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(De[t.debugId]++)return t;De[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,B.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(h.gm,Ge.slice(0,2),Me+"-"),r.inPlace(h.gm,Ge.slice(2,3),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(h.gm,Ge.slice(3),Ue+"-"),t.on(Ke+Ve,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Me+Ve,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const Be={};function We(e){const t=function(e){return(e||F.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!h.RI||Be[t.debugId])return t;Be[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,B.YM)(t),n=h.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:ze,d3:qe,Kp:Ze,$p:Ye,wW:Xe,e5:Je,tH:Qe,uP:$e,rw:et,Lc:tt}=je;class rt extends v{static featureName=ze;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,ze,t),!h.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=ke(this.ee),a=He(this.ee),s=Fe(this.ee),c=q(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=re(this.ee),l=me(this.ee),f=We(this.ee);function p(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[$e]=(0,E.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&p(0,!0);var e=(0,E.t)();this[Je]=~~this[Je]+e-this[$e],this[tt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,E.t)()}))}this.ee.on($e,g),a.on(et,g),o.on(et,g),this.ee.on(tt,m),a.on(Xe,m),o.on(Xe,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,R.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([$e,tt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([$e],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ze,"clearTimeout"+qe,$e],this.featureName),c.buffer([$e,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+qe],this.featureName),d.buffer([Qe+qe,Qe+"-done",Qe+Ye+qe,Qe+Ye+Ze],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([$e],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",et,Xe,"executor-err","resolve"+qe],this.featureName),i.buffer([$e,"no-"+$e],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,Qe+qe),v(d,Qe+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",p),l.on("replaceState-end",p),window.addEventListener("hashchange",p,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",p,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){p(0,n>1)}),(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var nt=i(3333);class it extends v{static featureName=nt.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,nt.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];h.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(nt.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>(0,R.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),nt.qN.forEach((e=>(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>(0,R.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var ot=i(993),at=i(3785);class st extends v{static featureName=ot.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,ot.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,at.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends n{constructor(t,r){super(r),h.gm?(this.features={},(0,w.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(y),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===o.K7.softNav)),(0,u.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=c(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>o.P3[e.featureName]-o.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==o.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===o.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===o.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case o.K7.ajax:return[o.K7.jserrors];case o.K7.sessionTrace:return[o.K7.ajax,o.K7.pageViewEvent];case o.K7.sessionReplay:return[o.K7.sessionTrace];case o.K7.pageViewTiming:return[o.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,w.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[fe,y,S,Se,Oe,O,H,it,st,Ie,rt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta http-equiv="Cache-control" content="public"> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/favicon.ico"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce"> <title>NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce - TopperLearning</title> <meta name="keywords" content="NCERT solutions for class 12-commerce, NCERT class 12-commerce solutions, ncert class 12-commerce, class 12-commerce solutions, CBSE Class 12-commerce Solutions, TopperLearning"> <meta name="description" content="Access detailed NCERT and solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce Macroeconomics. Familiarize yourself with the exam format and boost your chances of success."> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="342401299158646">  <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:title" content="NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce - TopperLearning"> <meta property="og:description" content="Access detailed NCERT and solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce Macroeconomics. Familiarize yourself with the exam format and boost your chances of success."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://images.topperlearning.com/topper/default_share_image.jpg"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="TopperLearning"> <meta name="p:domain_verify" content="67113424731c6df9a279f3d83192a005">  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@topperlearning"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce - TopperLearning"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Access detailed NCERT and solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce Macroeconomics. Familiarize yourself with the exam format and boost your chances of success."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://images.topperlearning.com/mimg/topper/default_share_image.jpg">  <meta itemprop="name" content="NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce - TopperLearning"> <meta itemprop="description" content="Access detailed NCERT and solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce Macroeconomics. Familiarize yourself with the exam format and boost your chances of success."> <meta itemprop="image" content="https://images.topperlearning.com/mimg/topper/default_share_image.jpg"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <style> html { height: 100% } html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, article, aside, canvas, details, embed, figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary, time, mark, audio, video { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; font-size: 100% } article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section { display: block } body { line-height: 1; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; position: relative; color: #3e3e3e } ol, ul { list-style: none } blockquote, q { quotes: none } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none } table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0 } a { text-decoration: none } a:focus, input:focus, textarea:focus, button:focus, select:focus { outline: 0 } html { scroll-behavior: smooth; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box } *, *:before, *:after { -webkit-box-sizing: inherit; -moz-box-sizing: inherit; box-sizing: inherit } button { border: 0; background: 0 } button svg { pointer-events: none } a { color: #0f588a } input[type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-button { -webkit-appearance: none; background: 0 } input:-webkit-autofill, input:-webkit-autofill:hover, input:-webkit-autofill:focus, input:-webkit-autofill:active { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 0 30px #d8d8d8 inset !important } .max-container { max-width: 1150px; margin: 0 auto } .txtcenter { text-align: center } .marginauto { margin: 0 auto } button { cursor: pointer } .modal-title-main { font: normal normal bold 18px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #006fb9; position: relative } .modal-title-main::after { position: absolute; content: ''; width: 25px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f16911; bottom: -5px; left: 0; right: 0; margin: 0 auto } .clear { clear: both } .title { font: normal normal 600 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 15px } .page-title { font: bold 24px/32px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0; color: #005c99; text-transform: capitalize; position: relative; margin-bottom: 30px; text-align: left; max-width: 100% } .page-title em { font-style: normal; position: relative } .page-title:after, .page-title em:after { position: absolute; content: ''; width: 25px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f16911; bottom: -15px; left: 0; margin: 0 auto } .page-title span { display: block; font: normal normal normal 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .section-title { font: normal normal bold 22px/27px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0; color: #005c99; position: relative; margin-bottom: 30px; text-transform: capitalize } .section-title:after { position: absolute; content: ''; width: 25px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f16911; bottom: -15px; left: 0; margin: 0 auto } .section-title span { display: block; font: normal normal normal 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .section-subttl { color: #f16911; font: normal normal bold 12px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center } .sec-sub-title { font: normal normal normal 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .txt-blue { color: #006fb9 } .bg-gray { background: #f5f5f5 } .flex-start { display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center } .flex-space { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center } .blue-btn { background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #006fb9 0, #0c7ac3 53%, #43acf2 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000042; border-radius: 0 12px; padding: 10px 25px; text-align: center; font: bold 14px/17px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #FFF; display: table; margin: 0 auto } .org-btn { background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #f16911 0, #f87c27 47%, #ff9140 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 3px 9px #00000042; border-radius: 0 12px; padding: 10px 25px; text-align: center; font: bold 14px/17px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #FFF; display: table; margin: 0 auto; cursor: pointer } .ovh { overflow: hidden } .spacer { margin: 30px auto } .abt--tl-sec.pad60, .pad60 { padding: 60px 0 } .pad30 { padding: 30px 0 } .padb30 { padding-bottom: 30px } .abt--tl-sec .abt-desc.wdauto { width: auto } .mxwidth810 { max-width: 810px; width: 100% } .db-content p { font: normal normal normal 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin-bottom: 20px; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: left !important } .db-content p img { vertical-align: middle } .db-content ul li { font: 400 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin-left: 15px; padding-bottom: 15px; color: #3e3e3e } .db-content ul li::before { content: ''; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #999; border-radius: 50%; display: block; margin: 5px 10px 0 -15px; float: left } .db-content ul li img { vertical-align: middle } .db-content table tr td { padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #000 } .db-content ol li { font: 400 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin-left: 15px; padding-bottom: 15px; color: #3e3e3e } .greentext { color: #668c80 } .ic-arrow { width: 23px; height: 23px; border-radius: 50%; background: transparent linear-gradient(180deg, #668c80 0, #75af9d 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; color: #fff; box-shadow: 0 2px 3px #00000029; border: 1px solid #fff } .lan-ttl { padding: 15px 0; font-weight: bold } .fntbold { font-weight: bold } .req-call-wrap { display: none } .ad-banner { text-align: center; margin: 10px auto; display: block } .ad-banner div { display: inline-block; width: 100% } .bottom-nav { max-width: 750px; border: 1px solid #1b80c3; border-radius: 25px 25px 0 0; margin: 0 auto; position: sticky; bottom: 50px; overflow: hidden; z-index: 1 } .bottom-links { display: flex; justify-content: space-around; align-items: center } .bottom-links a { font: normal normal 600 14px/16px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; height: 48px; width: 20%; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; color: #006fb9 } .bottom-links a:nth-of-type(odd) { background: #f2f2f2 } .bottom-links a:nth-of-type(even) { background: #fff } .bottom-links a i { padding-right: 7px; display: flex } .abt--tl-sec { padding: 30px 0 } .abt--tl-sec .abt-desc { width: 670px; margin: 0 auto } .abt--tl-sec .abt-desc p { font: normal normal normal 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; margin-bottom: 20px; text-align: justify } /* .abt--tl-sec .abt-desc p span { font: normal normal normal 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif !important } */ .abt--tl-sec .abt-desc .rm-btn { font: normal normal 600 15px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; padding: 0; border: 0; background: 0; cursor: pointer; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px } .abt--tl-sec .abt-desc .rm-btn:hover { opacity: .8 } .abt--tl-sec .abt-desc .rm-btn span { font-size: 18px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top } .faq-section { padding: 50px 0 60px; background: #f7f7f7 } .max-width-class { max-width: 1150px; margin: 0 auto } .bg-white { background: #fff } .accordions { overflow: hidden; margin: 30px 0 0 } .accordion { width: 100%; color: #3e3e3e; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid #707070 } .accordion-label { display: -webkit-box; display: flex; -webkit-box-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; padding: 10px 30px 10px 0; font: 600 16px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; cursor: pointer; color: #3e3e3e; position: relative } .accordion-label::after { content: "\203A"; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; font-size: 30px; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); color: #707070; opacity: .8; position: absolute; right: 0 } .accordion-content { max-height: 0; padding: 0; color: #2c3e50; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font: 400 16px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .accordion-close { display: -webkit-box; display: flex; -webkit-box-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; padding: 1em; font-size: .75em; cursor: pointer } .accordion input { position: absolute; opacity: 0; z-index: -1 } .accordion-close:hover { background: #1a252f } input:checked+.accordion-label { font-weight: 700 } input:checked+.accordion-label::after { -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg); right: 4px } input:checked~.accordion-content { max-height: 100vh; padding: 10px 0 } .accordion-content span { font-size: 16px !important } .glide { position: relative; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box } .glide * { box-sizing: inherit } .glide__track { overflow: hidden } .glide__slides { position: relative; width: 100%; list-style: none; backface-visibility: hidden; transform-style: preserve-3d; touch-action: pan-Y; overflow: hidden; margin: 0; padding: 0; white-space: nowrap; display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; will-change: transform } .glide__slides--dragging { user-select: none } .glide__slide { width: 100%; height: 100%; flex-shrink: 0; white-space: normal; user-select: none; -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent } .glide__slide a { user-select: none; -webkit-user-drag: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none } .glide__arrows { -webkit-touch-callout: none; user-select: none } .glide__bullets { -webkit-touch-callout: none; user-select: none } .glide--rtl { direction: rtl } .success-stories-section { padding: 40px 0 0 } .success-stories-section .success-wrap { background: url('/assets/v1/images/quote.png') no-repeat top left, url('/assets/v1/images/quote-close.png') no-repeat right 90%; padding: 30px 0 0 } #successStory li { text-align: center } #successStory li img { border-radius: 50%; border: 9px solid rgba(186, 186, 186, 0.4); margin-top: -78px; width: 146px; height: 146px; background: #fff } .succ-desc { margin: 17px 20px 0 } .succ-quote { text-align: center; font: 400 14px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0; color: #3e3e3e } .succ-name { text-align: center; font: 700 14px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0; color: #3e3e3e; margin: 30px 0 5px } .succ-std { text-align: center; font: 400 14px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0; font-style: italic; color: #3e3e3e } .succ-name.blue-txt { color: #006fb9 } .succ-nortxt { font-style: normal } .success-stories-section .success-wrap.success-nobg { background: 0 } #successStory { margin: 0 } #successList { display: flex; justify-content: space-around; padding: 80px 0 100px } #successList li { width: 28%; max-width: 336px; background: #fff 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 0 9px #00000029; border-radius: 18px; width: 336px; height: 360px } #successStory.nobutton .glide__arrows { display: none } #successStory .glide__arrows { position: absolute; top: 42%; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; width: 100% } #successStory .glide__arrow { height: 50px; width: 50px; background: #006fb9; border: 0; cursor: pointer; border-radius: 10px } #successStory .glide__arrow--right { right: 100%; left: auto } #getintouch { position: fixed; top: 50%; left: 0; cursor: pointer; padding: 0; background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #f16911 0, #ff9140 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; z-index: 99; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; width: 35px; height: 35px } .row-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; border-bottom: 2px solid #f0f0f0; padding: 10px 0 } .ic-wrap { width: 47px; height: 47px; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; flex-shrink: 0; margin-right: 12px } .ic-wrap img { max-width: 100% } .get-cont { color: #3e3e3e; font: 400 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .get-cont span { font-weight: 600; display: block } .modal-content .soc-wrap { margin: 15px 0 0; justify-content: flex-start } .get-cont .form-group { margin-top: 4px; display: flex } .get-cont .form-group form { display: flex } .inputbox { width: 170px; background: #dbdbdb; border-radius: 0 12px; padding: 5px 22px 5px 10px; border: 0; font: 400 13px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .get-cont .btn-submit { border: 0; margin-left: -15px; padding: 10px 15px; text-transform: uppercase } #getinModal .close { display: block; text-align: right; padding: 5px 10px 0 0; cursor: pointer; margin-bottom: 0; background: 0 } #getinModal .modal-title-main-div { padding: 0 20px 25px } .call-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; padding-bottom: 10px } .call-wrap h4 { color: #333; font: 700 14px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin-left: 12px } .call-wrap .ic-wts { left: 18px; top: -6px } #schoolModal .modal-content { padding: 20px 15px } .menu-content { padding: 0; color: #2c3e50; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font: 400 16px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .menu-content ul li { border-bottom: 2px solid #f2f2f2; padding: 3px 0 } .menu-content ul li:last-child { border-bottom: 0 } #searchModal .modal-content { padding: 20px 15px } .search-input { background: #dfdfdf; border-radius: 11px; padding: 10px 12px; border: 0; width: calc(100% - 24px); font: normal normal normal 16px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; margin-bottom: 10px } .search-content { background: #efefef; border-radius: 12px } .search-content ul li { font: 600 15px/15px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; border-bottom: 1px solid #bababa; margin: 0 10px } .search-content ul li a { color: #3e3e3e; padding: 12px 0; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center } .search-content ul li:last-child { border-bottom: 0 } .gsc-control-cse { background: none !important; border: none !important; padding: 0 !important } #searchModal .gsc-input-box { background: #d9d9d9 !important; border: none !important; font: normal normal normal 16px/16px sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } #searchModal .gsc-control-cse { padding: 0 } .gsc-control { width: 142px !important } .gsc-clear-button { display: none !important } .gsc-input-box { border: none !important; background: #d9d9d9 !important; padding: 0 !important } .gsc-search-button-v2 { padding: 0 !important; background-color: #f16911 !important; border-radius: 50% !important; width: 27px !important; height: 27px !important; border-color: #f16911 !important; border: none !important } .gsib_a { padding: 0 !important } table.gsc-search-box td.gsc-input { padding-right: 0 !important } .gsc-input { background: none !important; border: none !important } form.gsc-search-box { margin-bottom: 0 !important } .gsst_a .gscb_a { color: #bbb !important } .header-login-wrap .gsst_a { padding: 0 4px } .gssb_a, .gssb_a td { line-height: 26px; font-size: 14px; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .gssb_a { padding: 0 0 0 9px } .enroll-section { background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #f16911 0, #ff9140 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; padding: 2px 0 5px; position: fixed; bottom: 0; width: 100%; z-index: 1 } .enroll-txt-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center } .enroll-txt { margin: 0 30px 0 0; font: 400 15px/18px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0; color: #fff; opacity: 1 } .enroll-txt span { font-size: 18px } .enroll-btn .org-btn { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1); border-radius: 0 12px; color: #3e3e3e } .slant-box { overflow: hidden } .slant-box::after { content: ''; width: 0; height: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 61px 0 0 54px; border-color: #007bff transparent transparent transparent; transform: rotate(89deg); position: absolute; right: 3px; bottom: -4px; overflow: hidden } .right-arrow { position: absolute; right: -24px; bottom: 35px; z-index: 1 } .right-arrow::after { content: '\203A'; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; display: block; color: #fff; position: absolute; top: 3px; right: 18px; font-size: 40px; transform: rotate(-14deg) } #qmenu-overlay { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; right: 0; display: none; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); overflow: auto; z-index: 999 } .popup-overlay, .pop-overlay { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; right: 0; display: none; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); overflow: auto; z-index: 9999 } .modal-class { position: relative; background-color: #fff; width: 96%; margin: inherit; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); padding: 7px 0; max-width: 360px; border-radius: 17px; border: 1px solid #707070 } .modal-title-div { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; padding: 10px 20px 0 } .modal-title-main-div { display: flex; justify-content: center; padding: 0 20px 16px } .modal-title { color: #006fb9; font: normal normal bold 18px/46px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; position: relative } .modal-content { padding: 0 20px 20px; position: relative } .open { display: block } .btn-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: center; margin: 20px auto 15px } .btn-wrap button { margin: 0 10px; cursor: pointer } #schoolModal .menu-content ul, .boardModal .menu-content ul { margin-left: 0 } #schoolModal .menu-content ul li, .boardModal .menu-content ul li { padding: 5px 0; font: normal normal normal 15px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .sm-modal .modal-class { max-width: 300px; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); margin: inherit } .ms-modal .modal-class { max-width: 415px; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); margin: inherit } .menu-content ul li button { color: #1c81c4; font-size: 15px } .close { display: block; text-align: right; padding: 5px 10px 0 0; cursor: pointer } #back2Top { position: fixed; right: 12%; bottom: 60px; cursor: pointer; opacity: 1; -moz-transform: rotate(0); -webkit-transform: rotate(0); -o-transform: rotate(0); -ms-transform: rotate(0); transform: rotate(0); z-index: 1; padding: 0; width: 39px; height: 38px } .rm-wrap { height: 85px; overflow: hidden } .breadcrumbs-wrap { display: block } .breadcrumbs { display: inline-block; width: calc(100% - 35px) } .breadcrumbs-wrap form { display: inline-block } .breadcrumbs ul li { display: inline-block; margin: 0 30px 0 0; position: relative } .breadcrumbs ul li:last-child { margin-right: 0 } .breadcrumbs a, .breadcrumbs span { color: #0c4469; position: relative; font: normal normal normal 14px/30px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; padding: 0 11px 0 0; display: inline-block } .breadcrumbs li::after { content: '>'; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 7px; font-size: 15px; color: #1b80c3; margin-right: -16px } .breadcrumbs li:last-child::after { display: none } .breadcrumbs span { font: normal normal normal 14px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } #js-bookmark { width: 28px; height: 28px; background: #bababa; border-radius: 5px; position: relative; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; flex-shrink: 0 } #js-bookmark span { position: absolute; font-size: 10px; bottom: -15px; left: 0; color: #3e3e3e; display: flex; justify-content: center; width: 28px } #js-bookmark.active { background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #f16911 0, #ff8f3e 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box } #overlay, .overlay { background: #000; opacity: .8; position: fixed; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 9999; top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; display: none } header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 9; background: #fff 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; border-radius: 0 0 29px 29px; width: 90%; margin: 0 auto; border-top: 0 } .header-login-wrap { border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; border-top: 0; opacity: 1; margin: 0 auto; border-radius: 0 0 29px 29px; display: block; font: 400 14px/14px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; padding: 20px 25px 15px; position: relative; z-index: 1; background: #fff; width: 100% } .header-left { float: left } .header-right { float: right; position: relative; height: 40px; width: calc(100% - 180px); padding-top: 4px; text-align: right } .topper-logo { display: none } .header-login-wrap a { color: #595959; padding: 0 10px } .header-login-wrap .ask-doubt-link { font-family: 'Open sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; padding: 6px 0 0; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top } .header-login-wrap .ask-doubt-link span { padding-left: 8px; padding-top: 1px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top } .login-link { border-right: 2px solid #d9d9d9; cursor: pointer; color: #848484; font-family: 'Open sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px } .signup-link { font-family: 'Open sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; cursor: pointer } .cart-link { margin-left: 11px; position: relative; cursor: pointer; padding: 6px 10px 0; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top } .cart-link::after, .cart-link::before { content: ''; width: 2px; height: 21px; background: #d9d9d9; position: absolute; top: 5px } .cart-link::before { left: 0 } .cart-link::after { right: -3px } .cart-link svg { margin-top: 0 } .cart-number-wrap { width: 18px; height: 18px; background: #f16911; border-radius: 50%; position: absolute; justify-content: center; align-items: center; color: #fff; font: normal normal bold 11px/15px Open Sans; display: flex; right: 2px; top: -7px } .search-wrap { width: 156px; padding: 4px 4px 3px 10px; border-radius: 18px; background: #d9d9d9; color: #000; margin: 0 10px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top } .srh-input { background: #d9d9d9; border: 0; font: 400 14px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: top; width: 110px } .ic-search { width: 27px; height: 27px; border-radius: 50%; background: #f16911; display: inline-flex; align-items: center } .ic-search svg { margin-top: -3px } .search { cursor: pointer; padding: 0 6px; margin-right: 15px; position: relative; display: none } .search svg { padding-top: 4px } .bfl-box { display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; padding-top: 12px } .header-flex-wrap { background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #1b80c3 0, #0e4062 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; display: block; margin: -23px auto 28px; border-radius: 0 0 29px 29px; padding: 24px 10px 0 } .header-menu { font: 400 14px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center } .header-menu ul { margin-right: 25px; flex-shrink: 0; position: relative; height: auto } .header-menu li { padding: 10px 18px } .header-menu li.no-arrow button::after { display: none } .header-menu li button, .header-menu li a, .header-menu li span { position: relative; color: #fff; padding: 0 5px; font-size: 15px; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; cursor: pointer; opacity: .8 } .header-menu li button::after { content: "\203A"; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; font-size: 25px; position: absolute; right: -27px; top: -2px; transform: rotate(90deg); display: block; color: #fff } .header-menu ul li>ul { border-radius: 11px } .header-menu ul.submenu { display: none; margin-right: 0; border-radius: 11px; border: 1px solid #bababa; background: #fff; position: absolute; top: 40px; z-index: 999; width: auto; white-space: nowrap; min-width: 160px } .submenu li a::after { display: none } .header-menu li:last-child .submenu { right: 0 } .header-menu li:last-child .submenu::before { right: 15px; left: inherit } .submenu li { font: 400 14px/16px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; padding: 0 6px } .submenu li:hover a:hover, .submenu li:hover span { color: #1b80c3 } .submenu::before { content: ""; border-left: 8px solid transparent; border-right: 8px solid transparent; top: -8px; width: 0; height: 0; border-bottom: 8px solid #ff9140; position: absolute; left: 15px; z-index: -1 } .submenu li a, .submenu li span { border-bottom: 1px solid #bababa; padding: 10px 25px 10px 5px; display: block; color: #3e3e3e; position: relative } .submenu li:last-child a { border-bottom: 0 } .submenu li:last-child ul li a { border-bottom: 1px solid #bababa } .header-menu li:hover .submenu { display: block } .submenu li ul { display: none; position: absolute; left: 99%; height: auto; margin-top: -37px; background: #fff; color: #333; border: 1px solid #bababa; width: auto; white-space: nowrap; min-width: 160px } .submenu li:hover ul { display: block } .submenu li:hover ul li a, .submenu li:hover ul li span { color: #333 } .submenu li:hover ul li:hover a, .submenu li:hover ul li:hover span { color: #1b80c3 } .submenu li a::after, .submenu li span::after { content: "\203A"; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; font-size: 25px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 5px; transform: rotate(0); display: block; color: #bababa } .submenu li.noArrow a::after { display: none } .submenu li .innermenu li a::after { display: none } .header-menu li:last-child .submenu li .innermenu { right: 135px; left: inherit } .submenu li .innermenu li ul { display: none } .submenu li .innermenu li:hover ul { display: block; left: 60%; z-index: 99 } .submenu li ul.top-space { margin-top: -50% } .submenu li .innermenu li:hover ul li a { color: #333 } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li:hover a { color: #1b80c3 } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li a::after { content: "\203A"; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; font-size: 25px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 5px; transform: rotate(0); display: block; color: #bbb } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li.noArrow a::after { display: none } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li.noArrow a::after { display: none } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li ul.last-level { display: none; left: 50% } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li:hover ul.last-level { left: 40% } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li ul.last-level li { width: 340px } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li ul.last-level.top-marg { top: -100% } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li:hover ul { display: block } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li:hover ul li a { color: #333 } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li:hover ul li:hover a { color: #1b80c3 } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li a::after { content: "\203A"; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; font-size: 25px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 5px; transform: rotate(0); display: block; color: #bbb } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li.noArrow a::after { display: none } .net18-logo { display: inline-block; padding-right: 12px; padding-top: 6px; vertical-align: top } .hamburger { display: none } #mbnav { display: none } #menu-mobile { display: none } .afl-box { display: inline-block; margin-right: 6px; padding-right: 5px; overflow: hidden } .afl-box:hover { background: #efefef; border-radius: 18px 10px 10px 18px; overflow: hidden } .hd-profile-pic { width: 36px; height: 36px; margin-right: 6px; display: inline-block } .hd-profile-pic img { border: 2px solid #b6b6b7; width: 100%; height: 100%; border-radius: 50% } .user-detls { position: relative; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top } .dwn-arrow { width: 14px; height: 14px; border: 1px solid #848484; border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 12px; margin-top: 10px; position: relative; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top } .dwn-arrow::after { content: '\203A'; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; display: block; color: #bababa; transform: rotate(90deg); position: absolute; top: -3px; right: -3px; font-size: 20px } .user { color: #1b80c3; font: normal normal bold 12px/14px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px } .user span { font-weight: 400 } .afl-box:hover .user-menu { display: block } .user-menu { display: none; position: absolute; background: #fff; padding: 0 7px; top: 43px; right: 50px; width: 125px; border: 1px solid #bababa; border-radius: 11px } .user-menu a, .user-menu button { display: block; padding: 7px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f1f1; font: normal normal normal 12px/16px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #1b80c3; cursor: pointer } .user-menu::before { content: ""; border-left: 8px solid transparent; border-right: 8px solid transparent; top: -8px; width: 0; height: 0; border-bottom: 8px solid #ff9140; position: absolute; right: 10px; z-index: 1 } @media screen and (min-width:1201px) and (max-width:1400px) { .header-menu ul { margin-right: 12px; height: auto } .header-menu li button, .header-menu li a, .header-menu li span { font-size: 13px } } @media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (max-width:1200px) { header { width: 100% } .max-container { max-width: 96% } .header-flex-wrap { width: 98% } .header-menu ul { flex-wrap: wrap; width: auto; justify-content: flex-end; margin-right: 0; height: auto } .header-menu li button, .header-menu li a { font-size: 13px } .header-menu li { padding: 10px 11px } .header-menu li:last-child .submenu { right: 0 } .header-menu li:last-child .submenu::before { right: 8px; left: inherit } .header-menu li:last-child .submenu:after { right: 10px; left: inherit } .submenu li { padding: 0 } .faq-section .max-container { margin: 0 15px } .breadcrumbs-wrap { padding: 0 15px } } @media only screen and (max-width:1023px) { header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 999; height: 80px; width: 100% } .header-menu { display: none } .header-login-wrap { width: 100%; border-radius: 0 0 12px 12px; padding: 4px 0; background: #fff; position: relative; z-index: 99 } .header-flex-wrap { background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #1b80c3 0, #0e4062 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; height: 38px; margin: -8px auto 0; width: 100%; padding: 8px 0 0; z-index: -1; border-radius: 0 } .header-flex-wrap .logo { display: none } .header-menu { width: 100%; font: 400 14px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; justify-content: flex-start; overflow: auto } .header-menu ul { margin-right: 0; white-space: nowrap; overflow: auto; margin-left: -5px } .header-menu li button, .header-menu li a { color: #fff; font-size: 14px } .header-right { width: calc(100% - 180px); text-align: right } .homelink { display: flex; align-items: center; padding-left: 10px; border-right: 1px solid #fff; padding-right: 10px; margin-right: 0 } .header-menu li button::after { color: #fff; width: .8em; height: .8em; top: 2px } .header-menu li.noArrow button::after { display: none } .header-menu li.noArrow { padding: 10px 5px } .login-link { display: none } .signup-link { display: none } .header-login-wrap .ask-doubt-link>.ate-text { display: none } .cart-link { padding: 6px 0 0 } .cart-link::after, .cart-link::before { display: none } .cart-number-wrap { right: -8px; top: -7px } .net18-logo { border-left: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 3px 14px 2px 10px; display: inline-block } .net18-logo svg { width: 18px; height: 16px } .boardModal .modal-class { max-width: 300px } #schoolModal .modal-class { max-width: 300px } .sm-modal .modal-class { max-width: 300px } #searchModal .modal-class { background: 0; border: 0; transform: inherit; position: relative; margin: 0 auto; width: 100%; left: 0; top: 5% } .search-wrap { display: none } .search-wrap-mb { width: 100%; padding: 4px 5px 5px 10px; border-radius: 18px; background: #d9d9d9; color: #000; margin: 0 auto } .search-wrap-mb .srh-input { width: 89% } .search { margin-right: 0; display: inline-block; padding-top: 2px } .gsc-input-box { padding: 0 !important } .gssb_c { z-index: 99999 !important } .logo { display: block; margin-top: 4px } .logo svg { width: 122px; height: 37px } .header-left { display: flex; justify-content: space-between } .hamburger { display: block; cursor: pointer; padding: 7px 8px 8px 0; margin-left: 12px; z-index: 9999 } .bar1, .bar2, .bar3 { background: #f16911; height: 3px; transition: .2s; margin-top: 3px; display: block } .bar1 { width: 18px } .bar2 { width: 16px; display: flex; margin-left: auto } .bar3 { width: 14px; display: flex; margin-left: auto } #menu-mobile { display: flex; height: 30px } #mbnav { display: block } .nav-box { position: fixed; left: -150%; top: 0; width: 320px; transition: left .4s ease; background: #fff; height: 100%; z-index: 99; overflow-y: auto } .nav-active { left: 0; z-index: 9999; overflow-y: auto } .user-info { background: transparent linear-gradient(120deg, #006fb9 0, #00385d 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; border-radius: 0 0 29px 29px; padding: 14px 18px; position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 9 } .user-img-wrap { width: 63px; height: 63px; background: #035084; border: 5px solid #4390c4; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center } .user-img-wrap img { max-width: 38px } .user-details { padding-left: 16px } .user-name { font: 400 15px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #fff } .board-name { font: 400 12px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #fff } .login-wrap { margin-top: 12px; background: #fff; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; border-bottom: 1px solid #e9e9e9; padding-bottom: 15px; margin-right: 16px } .login-btn { font: normal normal bold 12px/15px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin: 0 0 0 18px; display: inline-block } .signup-btn { font: normal normal bold 12px/15px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin: 0 0 0 15px } .mobile-nav { margin-right: 16px } .mobile-nav ul li { display: block; border-bottom: 1px solid #e9e9e9; font: 400 15px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .mobile-nav ul li a, .mobile-nav ul li label { padding: 10px 0 10px 30px; display: block; color: #3e3e3e; position: relative; font-weight: 600 } .mobile-nav ul li a::after, .mobile-nav ul li label::after { content: '\203A'; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; display: block; color: #bababa; transform: rotate(90deg); position: absolute; top: 8px; right: 5px; font-size: 34px } .mobile-nav ul li a.noarrow::after { display: none } input:checked~.flevel-menu, input:checked~.seclevel-menu { max-height: 100%; opacity: 1 } input:checked+.menu-label::after { -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg); right: 0 } input:checked+.menu-label.rgt-arrow::after { -webkit-transform: rotate(0); transform: rotate(0); right: 0 } .view-package { padding: 20px 0 50px } .view-package a { text-transform: uppercase } .mobile-nav .flevel-menu { background: #f4f4f4; margin-right: -15px; padding: 0 19px 0 25px; max-height: 0; opacity: 0 } .mobile-nav .flevel-menu li { margin: 0 10px; font-weight: bold } .mobile-nav .flevel-menu li a { padding: 12px 0 8px } .mobile-nav .flevel-menu li a::after { display: none } .mobile-nav .seclevel-menu { border-top: 1px solid #e0e0e0; max-height: 0; opacity: 0 } .mobile-nav .seclevel-menu li { font-weight: 400; margin: 0; font-size: 13px } .mobile-nav .seclevel-menu li:last-child { border-bottom: 0 } .mobile-nav .flevel-menu label { padding: 10px 0 } .mobile-nav .flevel-menu label::after { right: 4px } .afl-box { display: none } .faq-section { padding: 20px 15px } #main-wrapper { margin-top: 60px } .open-app-btn { border-radius: 10px; color: #fff; display: block; position: sticky; bottom: 108px; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%) } #back2Top { bottom: 288px } .page-title { margin: 0 0 30px } .req-call-wrap { display: block; position: relative } .req-label { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; position: absolute; z-index: 1; cursor: pointer; padding: 5px 12px; width: 208px; height: 35px; background: #006fb9; border-radius: 0 0 10px 10px; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); bottom: -35px } .req-text { color: #fff; font: normal normal 600 15px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .req-call-wrap em { width: 22px; height: 22px; background: #f16911; border-radius: 50% } .req-content { padding: 12px 15px 20px; font: 400 16px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; position: relative; background: #fff 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 0 10px #00000029; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; border-radius: 0 0 14px 14px; width: 94%; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 390px; text-align: center; display: none } .req-content p { color: #3e3e3e; font: normal normal 600 15px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; text-align: center } .req-content .inputbx { position: relative; background: #dfdfdf; border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0; border: 0; opacity: 1; padding: 5px 10px; width: 216px; margin: 10px auto 10px 0; display: inline-block; font: normal normal normal 14px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .req-content .inputsmbx { position: relative; background: #dfdfdf; opacity: 1; display: inline-block; width: 48px; border-radius: 8px 0 0 8px; border: 0; padding: 5px 5px 5px 10px; font: normal normal normal 14px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; border-right: 1px solid #cfcfcf; margin-right: -5px; color: #3e3e3e } .inputsmbx .arrow { position: absolute; right: 10px; color: #006fb9 } .show { display: block } .showicon svg { transform: rotate(180deg) } .menu-content { font: 400 14px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .menu-content ul li { padding: 5px 0 } .menu-content ul li a:hover { color: #1b80c3 } .bg-gray { padding: 20px 0 } .breadcrumbs { text-align: left } .breadcrumbs-wrap { padding: 0 15px; margin-bottom: 20px } .section-title { font: normal normal bold 18px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } #chapter-list .section-title:after { margin: 0 } #chapter-list.abt--tl-sec .abt-desc { text-align: left } .accordion-label { font: 400 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .abt--tl-sec { padding: 30px 0 0 } .abt--tl-sec .inner-bx { max-width: 50%; margin-bottom: 30px; flex-direction: column; text-align: center } .abt--tl-sec .icon-wrap { margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10px; width: 75px; height: 75px } .abt--tl-sec .meta-bx h5 { font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px } .abt--tl-sec .meta-bx h5 { font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px } .abt--tl-sec .abt-desc { width: 100% } .ad-banner div, .ad-banner .txt { width: 100%; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 728px } .ad-banner div iframe, .ad-banner div img { width: 100%; max-width: 728px } #top-ad-banner img { max-width: 100% } .enroll-btn .org-btn { padding: 10px } .enroll-txt { width: 230px; margin: 0 } .enroll-txt-wrap { margin: 0 10px; justify-content: flex-start } .enroll-section { padding: 10px 0 } input:checked+.accordion-label::after { right: 0 } .success-stories-section .max-container { padding: 0 } .success-stories-section .section-title { padding: 0 20px } .success-stories-section .section-title:after { left: 20px } #successStory .glide__arrows { position: relative; top: -298px; overflow: hidden } #successStory .glide__arrow img { width: 8px; height: 16px; position: relative } #successStory .glide__arrow--left img { left: 10px } #successStory .glide__arrow--right img { right: 7px } #successStory .glide__arrow--left { border-radius: 0 50% 50% 0; transform: translate(-50%, 0) } #successStory .glide__arrow--right { border-radius: 50% 0 0 50%; transform: translate(50%, 0) } .success-stories-section .success-wrap { background: url('/assets/v1/images/quote.png') no-repeat 10% top, url('/assets/v1/images/quote-close.png') no-repeat 90% 81% } .bottom-links a { padding: 8px 0 4px } .lan-ttl { padding: 15px 0 } jdiv { margin-bottom: 180px !important } } @media only screen and (max-width:767px) { .bottom-nav { border-top: 2px solid #1b80c3; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-radius: 0; bottom: 50px } .bottom-links a { flex-direction: column; font: normal normal 600 11px/16px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .bottom-links a i { padding-right: 0 } } input:checked~.accordion-content { max-height: 100% } .accordion-content .list { display: flex; flex-direction: column } footer{background:#efefef;width:100%;padding:50px 0 0}.footer-links-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding-bottom:20px}.ftr-column{padding:0 10px}.ftr-heading{color:#3e3e3e;font:700 14px/14px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 0 15px}.ftr-links li{font:400 14px/14px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;color:#3e3e3e;padding-bottom:12px}.ftr-links li a{color:#3e3e3e}.topmarg{margin-top:30px}.footer-cont-info{background:#e3e3e3;padding:20px 0 0}.footer-info-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start}.ftr-left{width:80%;margin-right:74px}.ftr-form-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding-bottom:15px}.gpay-column{width:298px}.gpay-column img{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.gpay-column a{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-left:15px}.nws-column{display:inline-block}.nws-box-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center}.nws-box-wrap span{color:#3e3e3e;font-size:12px}.nws-box-wrap p{color:#3e3e3e;font:400 14px/14px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;margin-right:15px}.nws-input-wrap input{width:255px;background:#ccc;border-radius:0 12px;color:#3e3e3e;font:400 13px/24px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;border:0;padding:5px 30px 5px 15px}.nws-input-wrap input::placeholder{color:#848484}.btn-subscribe{background:transparent linear-gradient(90deg,#006fb9 0,#40a9ef 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box;box-shadow:0 3px 9px #00000042;padding:7px 20px;border-radius:0 12px;color:#fff;font:600 14px/19px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;border:0;margin-left:-25px;position:relative;z-index:0}.ftr-cont-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding-top:10px;font:400 14px/20px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;border-top:1px solid #cecece;border-bottom:1px solid #cecece;padding-bottom:15px}.cont-info-wrap{background:#115e92;border-radius:11px;padding:10px;display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;width:40%;flex-shrink:0}.cont-call{position:relative}.ic-wts{position:absolute;left:26px;top:-4px;vertical-align:top}.contact-info{color:#fff;margin-left:15px}.contact-info .ftr-heading{color:#fff;padding:0 0 6px}.ftr-other-links{text-align:center;display:flex;justify-content:center;padding:15px 0}.ftr-other-links a{color:#3e3e3e;font:normal normal normal 14px/24px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;padding:0 8px;position:relative}.ftr-other-links a::after{content:'|';position:absolute;right:0;width:2px;height:4px;color:#939393}.ftr-other-links a:last-child::after{display:none}.reg-office{width:40%}.cont-number{padding-bottom:5px;font-weight:600}.address{line-height:23px}.soc-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start}.ic-fb svg{margin-top:4px}.ic-insta{margin:0 10px}.ic-insta,.ic-ytube{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.footer-network-sites{background:#d3d3d3;padding:28px 0}.sites-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center}.company-ttl{font:700 14px/20px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;width:164px}.sites-wrap ul{border-left:2px solid #a7a7a7;padding-left:24px;display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;flex-wrap:wrap;width:75%}.sites-wrap ul li{padding:0 10px}.sites-wrap ul li a{color:#3e3e3e;padding:10px 0;display:inline-flex}.copyright-wrap{background:#fff;padding:15px 0 55px}.copy-columns{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.copy-columns a{padding-right:15px;margin-right:15px;color:#3e3e3e}.copy-columns .tnc{border-right:1px solid #868686}.logos{border-right:1px solid #a7a7a7;padding:5px 12px 5px 55px;display:flex;align-items:center}.logos a{margin-left:20px;padding-right:0;margin-right:0}.logos .nw18-logo{margin-left:0;padding-right:0;margin-right:0}.copy-text{padding:0 12px;color:#3e3e3e;font:400 14px/14px 'Open Sans',sans-serif}.ftr-accordion{border-bottom:0}.ftr-accordion input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.ftr-accordion-label{display:block}.ftr-accordion-label::after{display:none}.ftr-accordion-content{max-height:100vh}#toppertv{display:block}#toppertv-accordion{display:none}.soln-cont table,.db-content table{border-collapse:collapse;max-width:100%;border:2px solid #ededed;margin-bottom:30px}.soln-cont table th,.db-content table th{color:#3e3e3e;font:normal normal bold 16px/24px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;padding:8px 10px;border:2px solid #ededed;text-align:left}.soln-cont table td,.db-content table td{color:#3e3e3e;font:normal 16px/24px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;padding:8px 10px;border:2px solid #ededed;text-align:left}.table-layout{border-collapse:collapse;max-width:100%;border:2px solid #ededed;margin-bottom:30px}.table-layout th{color:#3e3e3e;font:normal normal bold 16px/24px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;padding:8px 10px;border:2px solid #ededed;text-align:left}.table-layout td{color:#3e3e3e;font:normal 16px/24px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;padding:8px 10px;border:2px solid #ededed;text-align:left}.bg-dark-gray{background:#d9d9d9}.bg-light-gray{background:#edebeb}#stickyBanner{display:none}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (max-width:1200px){.footer-links-wrap{padding:0 10px 20px}.footer-cont-info{padding:30px}.gpay-column{width:230px}.nws-input-wrap input{width:180px}.reg-office{width:90%;margin-left:20px}.stay-connect{padding-right:0;width:40%;padding-left:20px}.footer-network-sites{padding:20px}.copy-cont-wrap{padding:0 20px}.copy-text{font:400 14px/20px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;width:45%}.logos{padding:5px 12px 5px 0}.footer-content{padding:30px 20px 20px}}@media screen and (max-width:1023px){.max-container{max-width:calc(100% - 30px)}footer{padding:25px 0 0}.footer-links-wrap{flex-direction:column;padding:0 15px 20px}.topmarg{margin-top:0}.ftr-cont-wrap{flex-direction:column;text-align:center;padding-bottom:0}.ftr-column{padding:0}.ftr-heading{position:relative}.footer-links-wrap input[type=checkbox]{position:absolute;opacity:0;z-index:-1}.footer-links-wrap .ftr-column .ftr-heading{padding:15px 0 14px}.ftr-accordion{width:100%;color:#3e3e3e;overflow:hidden;border-bottom:1px solid #dbdbdb}.ftr-accordion-label{display:-webkit-box;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:10px 0;font:700 14px/16px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;cursor:pointer;display:block}.footer-links-wrap .ftr-column .ftr-accordion-label::after{content:"\203A";width:1em;height:1em;text-align:center;-webkit-transition:all .35s;transition:all .35s;font-weight:100;font-size:30px;position:absolute;right:0;top:6px;transform:rotate(90deg);display:block}.ftr-accordion-content{max-height:0;padding:0;color:#2c3e50;font:400 16px/28px 'Open Sans',sans-serif}.ftr-accordion-close{display:-webkit-box;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;padding:1em;font-size:.75em;cursor:pointer}.ftr-accordion input{position:absolute;opacity:0;z-index:-1}.ftr-accordion-close:hover{background:#1a252f}.ftr-accordion input:checked+.ftr-accordion-label{font-weight:700}.ftr-accordion input:checked+.ftr-accordion-label::after{-webkit-transform:rotate(270deg);transform:rotate(270deg);right:-8px;display:block}.ftr-accordion input:checked ~ .ftr-accordion-content{max-height:100vh;padding:10px 0}#toppertv{display:none}#toppertv-accordion{display:block}.copy-columns{flex-direction:column}.logos{display:flex;order:1;border-right:0;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:0}.copy-text{display:flex;order:3;text-align:center;line-height:20px;padding-bottom:20px}.ftr-left{width:100%;margin:0 20px}.gpay-column{width:100%;text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:10px}.cont-info-wrap{width:100%;max-width:330px;margin:0 auto}.contact-info{width:100%;margin-left:7px;text-align:left}.cont-number{padding-bottom:0}.reg-office{margin-right:0;width:100%;padding-top:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #cecece;padding-bottom:12px}.soc-wrap{justify-content:center}.nws-column{padding-top:10px;text-align:center}.nws-box-wrap p{margin-right:0;padding-bottom:15px}.nws-input-wrap input{width:200px}.ftr-form-wrap{flex-direction:column}.nws-box-wrap{flex-direction:column}#nwsitesbox select{width:322px;border:1px solid #006fb9;box-shadow:0 3px 9px #00000029;border-radius:10px;padding:15px 10px;font:400 16px/24px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;background-color:#fff;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;position:relative;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=UTF-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2212%22%20height%3D%2212%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2012%2012%22%3E%3Ctitle%3Edown-arrow%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cg%20fill%3D%22%23006FB9%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M10.293%2C3.293%2C6%2C7.586%2C1.707%2C3.293A1%2C1%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C.293%2C4.707l5%2C5a1%2C1%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C1.414%2C0l5-5a1%2C1%2C0%2C1%2C0-1.414-1.414Z%22%20fill%3D%22%23006FB9%22%3E%3C%2Fpath%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");background-size:.8em;background-position:calc(100% - 1.3em) center;background-repeat:no-repeat}.form-group{display:flex}.btn-subscribe{background:transparent linear-gradient(90deg,#006fb9 0,#0c7ac3 53%,#43acf2 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box;box-shadow:0 3px 6px #00000042;border-radius:0 12px;padding:8px 14px 10px 13px;text-align:center;font:400 14px/15px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase}.footer-cont-info{padding:0;background:#efefef}.cont-time{padding-bottom:0}.stay-connect{width:auto;padding:6px 0 15px 0}.footer-content{padding:25px 35px 90px}.footer-content p{padding-bottom:20px}.copyright-wrap{padding:15px 0 0}.ftr-other-links{flex-wrap:wrap}.sites-wrap{flex-direction:column}.sites-wrap ul{border-left:0;width:90%;max-width:360px;justify-content:space-between;padding-top:10px;padding-left:0}.sites-wrap ul li{width:50%;padding:0 20px}#stickyBanner{position:sticky;width:320px;height:40px;margin:10px auto;display:block;bottom:0}} #hbar-stdpack { background: #006FB9; position: sticky; bottom: 0; z-index: 1; display: flex; height: 50px; } #hbar-stdpack a { display: flex; width: 100%; text-align: center; justify-content: center; align-items: center; height: 50px } .stdpack-offer-text { text-align: center; font: 600 19px/19px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #fff; display: block; margin-top: -5px; position: relative; } .stdpack-offer-text em { font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline; } #hbar-stdpack::before { content: ''; background: url('/assets/v1/images/lf-bg-img.png') no-repeat left 0; display: block; width: 175px; height: 50px; position: absolute; bottom: 0; z-index: -1 } #hbar-stdpack::after { content: ''; background: url('/assets/v1/images/rt-bg-img.png') no-repeat right 0; display: block; width: 206px; height: 50px; position: absolute; bottom: 0; right: 0; z-index: -1 } .flex-colwrap img { position: relative; left: 0; margin-top: -9px; transform: scale(0.7); } .hclose { position: absolute; right: 5px; top: -20px; cursor: pointer; width: 34px; height: 34px; border-radius: 100%; background: #006FB9; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; } .hclose::before { content: ''; border: 2px solid #fff; position: absolute; width: 28px; height: 28px; border-radius: 100%; right: 3px; top: 2px } .hclose span { color: #fff; font-size: 30px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; } @media screen and (max-width:1023px) { #hbar-stdpack::before, #hbar-stdpack::after { display: none } .hclose { position: absolute; right: 0px; } .stdpack-offer-text { /* border: 5px solid red; */ padding: 0 50px; margin: 5px 0; } .flex-colwrap img { display: none; max-width: 100%; width: 60px; height: auto; margin-top: -12px; left: 0px } } @media screen and (max-width:767px) { #hbar-stdpack { height: 60px } #hbar-stdpack a { height: 60px } .flex-colwrap img { display: none; max-width: 100%; width: 60px; height: auto; margin-top: -12px; left: 0px } .stdpack-offer-text { font: 600 14px/18px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin-top: 0 } .hclose { right: 0px; top: -16px; color: #fff } #hbar-stdpack::before, #hbar-stdpack::after { display: none } } .btslanding { background: #fbbe39; position: sticky; bottom: 0; z-index: 1; display: none } .btslanding a { display: block; width: 100% } .btslanding-wrap { background: url('/assets/v1/images/bg-bts.png') no-repeat 0 0; width: 407px; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; position: relative } .btslanding-wrap p { color: #fff; font: bold 18px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; width: 407px; padding: 10px 0; position: relative; display: flex; align-items: center } .btslanding-wrap b { width: 300px; display: block; text-align: center } .btslanding-wrap p span { font-size: 20px } .btslanding-wrap p em { color: #fff; font: bold 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; position: absolute; right: 18px } .btslanding-wrap .hand { position: absolute; right: -12px; top: 15px } .hclose { /* position: absolute; */ /* right: 8px; */ font-size: 30px; /* padding: 6px 0 0; */ /* top: 2px; */ color: #000; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer } @media screen and (max-width:767px) { .btslanding-wrap { background: url('/assets/v1/images/bg-bts-mb.png') no-repeat 0 0; width: 305px; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; position: relative } .btslanding-wrap p { font: bold 13px/18px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; width: 100% } .btslanding-wrap b { width: 216px; display: block; text-align: center } .btslanding-wrap p span { font-size: 16px } .btslanding-wrap p em { font: bold 14px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } } .bottom-nav{bottom:0px !important} </style> <style> .pad10 { padding: 10px 0 } .pad20 { padding: 20px 0 } .pb20 { padding-bottom: 20px } .mb20 { margin-bottom: 20px } .para { color: #3e3e3e; display: block; font: normal 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .subject-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; flex-shrink: 0 } .subject-wrap a { margin: 0 21px 15px 0 } .subject-box { width: 208px; height: 136px; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 3px 10px #00000029; border-radius: 16px; position: relative; display: flex; flex-direction: column } .centeralign { justify-content: center } .subject-box .right-arrow::after { top: -6px } .subject-box em { margin-left: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font: normal normal bold 16px/28px "Open Sans", sans-serif; text-transform: uppercase } .bg-slant-box-mathematics { border: 2px solid #445a50; color: #445a50 } .bg-slant-box-maths { border: 2px solid #445a50; color: #445a50 } .bg-slant-box-mathematics::after { border-color: #445a50 transparent transparent transparent } .bg-slant-box-maths::after { border-color: #445a50 transparent transparent transparent } .bg-slant-box-general-science { border: 2px solid #8d72a1; color: #8d72a1 } .bg-slant-box-general-science::after { border-color: #8d72a1 transparent transparent transparent } .bg-slant-box-science { border: 2px solid #664e74; color: #664e74 } .bg-slant-box-science::after { border-color: #664e74 transparent transparent transparent } .bg-slant-box-chemistry { border: 2px solid #8d72a1; color: #8d72a1 } .bg-slant-box-chemistry::after { border-color: #8d72a1 transparent transparent transparent } .bg-slant-box-physics { border: 2px solid #8d72a1; color: #8d72a1 } .bg-slant-box-physics::after { border-color: #8d72a1 transparent transparent transparent } .bg-slant-box-biology { border: 2px solid #8d72a1; color: #8d72a1 } .bg-slant-box-biology::after { border-color: #8d72a1 transparent transparent transparent } .bg-slant-box-social-studies { border: 2px solid #953c3f; color: #953c3f } .bg-slant-box-social-studies::after { border-color: #953c3f transparent transparent transparent } .bg-slant-box-economics { border: 2px solid #953c3f; color: #953c3f } .bg-slant-box-economics::after { border-color: #953c3f transparent transparent transparent } .bg-slant-box-economics-applications { border: 2px solid #953c3f; color: #953c3f } .bg-slant-box-economics-applications::after { border-color: #953c3f transparent transparent transparent } .bg-slant-box-business-studies { border: 2px solid #44c0e6; color: #44e6e6 } .bg-slant-box-business-studies::after { border-color: #44c0e6 transparent transparent transparent } .bg-slant-box-hindi { border: 2px solid #6e5226; color: #6e5226 } .bg-slant-box-hindi::after { border-color: #6e5226 transparent transparent transparent } .bg-slant-box-english { border: 2px solid #2a6165; color: #2a6165 } .bg-slant-box-english::after { border-color: #2a6165 transparent transparent transparent } .bg-slant-box-gk, .bg-slant-box-evs { border: 2px solid #1c81c4; color: #1c81c4 } .bg-slant-box-gk::after, .bg-slant-box-evs::after { border-color: #1c81c4 transparent transparent transparent } .icon-wrap { width: 50px; height: 50px; border-radius: 50%; margin: 6px 0 16px 8px; display: flex; flex-shrink: 0 } .abt--tl-sec .list-wrap ul li a { color: #3e3e3e } .abt--tl-sec .list-wrap ul li { padding-bottom: 0 } .list-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; margin: 0 auto } .list-wrap ul { display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-right: auto } .list-wrap ul li { background: #fff; border: 1px solid #fff; box-shadow: 0 3px 10px #00000029; width: 338px; color: #3e3e3e; display: flex; align-items: center; border-radius: 16px; font: normal normal 400 16px/20px "Open Sans", sans-serif; position: relative; margin: 0 10px 20px 0; height: 79px } .abt--tl-sec .list-wrap ul li::before { display: none } .view-list { height: 120px; overflow: hidden } .view-list1 { height: 70px; overflow: hidden } .list-wrap ul li a { color: #3e3e3e; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; width: 100%; align-items: center; padding: 16px } .list-wrap ul li a span { padding-right: 10px } .list-desc-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: center } .list-desc-wrap ul { display: flex; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap } .list-desc-wrap ul li { background: #fff; border: 1px solid #fff; box-shadow: 0 3px 10px #00000029; width: 338px; color: #3e3e3e; display: flex; align-items: center; border-radius: 16px; height: 110px; font: normal normal 600 14px/20px "Open Sans", sans-serif; flex-direction: column; position: relative; margin: 0 5px 15px } .list-desc-wrap ul li a { color: #3e3e3e; display: flex; width: 100%; align-items: flex-start; padding: 16px; flex-direction: column } .list-desc-wrap ul li h4 { display: block } .list-desc-wrap ul li span { width: 90%; font-size: 13px; height: 60px; overflow: hidden } .list-desc-wrap .bg-blue-arrow { position: absolute; right: 8px } .textbook-soln .list-wrap { display: block } .textbook-soln .list-wrap ul { display: block } .textbook-soln .list-wrap ul li { width: 362px; height: 70px; margin: 0 10px 20px; float: left } .textbook-soln .list-wrap ul li a span { margin-right: auto; padding-left: 15px; float: left } .textbook-soln em { float: left } .textbook-soln .bg-arrow { float: right } .clear { clear: both } .bg-arrow { width: 33px; height: 33px; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid #fff; display: flex; align-items: center } .bg-mathematics { background: transparent linear-gradient(180deg, #668c80 0, #4f7267 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 2px 3px #00000029 } .bg-maths { background: transparent linear-gradient(180deg, #668c80 0, #4f7267 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 2px 3px #00000029 } .bg-social-studies { background: transparent linear-gradient(180deg, #c16366 0, #a34c4f 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 2px 3px #00000029 } .bg-english { background: transparent linear-gradient(180deg, #4fa2ad 0, #43848d 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 2px 3px #00000029 } .bg-hindi { background: transparent linear-gradient(180deg, #cbaa5f 0, #a88c4d 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 2px 3px #00000029 } .bg-science { background: transparent linear-gradient(180deg, #8d72a1 0, #614d71 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 2px 3px #00000029 } .bg-general-science { background: transparent linear-gradient(180deg, #8d72a1 0, #614d71 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 2px 3px #00000029 } .bg-economics, .bg-geography, .bg-civics, .bg-history { background: transparent linear-gradient(180deg, #c16366 0, #a88c4d 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 2px 3px #00000029 } .bg-business-studies, .bg-accountancy { background: transparent linear-gradient(180deg, #006fba 0, #006fba 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 2px 3px #00000029 } .bg-chemistry, .bg-physics, .bg-biology { background: transparent linear-gradient(180deg, #8d72a1 0, #614d71 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 2px 3px #00000029 } .viewchapt { display: flex; justify-content: center; color: #3e3e3e; margin: 10px auto 0; position: relative; width: 377px } .viewchapt:after { width: 0; height: 0; position: absolute; top: 40%; right: 12px; content: "\203A"; z-index: 98; font-size: 30px; transform: rotate(90deg); color: #668c80 } .viewchapt select { -webkit-appearance: none; -moz-appearance: none; appearance: none; padding: 12px 9px; border: 2px solid #668c80; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; border-radius: 10px; background: #fff; height: 49px; width: 359px; font: normal normal normal 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .lm-btn { font: normal normal 600 15px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; cursor: pointer; margin: 20px auto 0; display: block } .lm-btn1 { margin: 0 auto } .show { height: auto } .banner-pyqs { background: url(/assets/v1/images/bg-banner-pyqs.jpg) no-repeat center top; width: 1067px; height: 226px; display: flex; margin: 0 auto 30px; align-items: center } .pyqs-left-img { background: url(/assets/v1/images/pyp-bg-img.png) no-repeat center top; width: 370px; height: 215px } .banner-pyqs .text, .banner-sample .text { width: 50%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: 60px; margin-top: -30px; text-align: center; align-items: center; color: #006fb9; font: normal normal 17px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; display: flex; flex-direction: column } .banner-sample { background: #eaeaea; width: 1067px; height: 226px; margin: 0 auto 30px; display: flex; align-items: center } .sample-left-img { background: url(/assets/v1/images/sample-bg-img.jpg) no-repeat center top; width: 389px; height: 226px } .banner-sample .text { margin-top: 0 } .comm-tabs { display: flex; justify-content: center } .tablinks { font: 600 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; background: #efefef; border: 1px solid #bababa; width: 50%; min-height: 47px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; cursor: pointer } .tablinks.active { background: #006fb9; border-color: #006fb9; color: #fff; position: relative } .tablinks.active::after { content: ""; border-left: 8px solid transparent; border-right: 8px solid transparent; bottom: -9px; width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #006fb9; position: absolute; left: 50%; z-index: 1 } .nxt--vid-grid .vid-titl-w { display: flex; width: 100%; margin: 30px 0 0 } .nxt--vid-grid .vid-titl-w h3 { font: 700 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; padding-right: 23px; height: 48px; max-width: 270px; display: block; display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow: hidden } .nxt--vid-grid .video-wrap { padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px } .nxt--vid-grid .vdo-img-wrap, .nxt--vid-grid .vdo-img-wrap img { max-width: 280px; width: 100% } .nxt--vid-grid .video-box { margin: 0; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit } .nxt--vid-grid .glide__arrow { height: 40px; width: 40px; background: #006fb9; border: 0; cursor: pointer; border-radius: 40px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; position: absolute; top: 40% } .nxt--vid-grid .glide__arrow--left { left: 10px } .nxt--vid-grid .glide__arrow img { width: 8px; height: 16px; position: relative } .nxt--vid-grid .glide__arrow--right { right: 10px; left: auto } .nxt--vid-grid .vid-desc { padding-bottom: 40px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; color: #3e3e3e } .sec-titl-w { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-top: 15px } .sec-titl-w h2 { font: normal normal bold 22px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .v-all { color: #fff; width: 83px; height: 25px; background: #668c80 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgb(0 0 0 / 42%); border-radius: 0 12px; font: 700 10px/11px "Open Sans"; text-transform: uppercase; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-shrink: 0 } .v-all:after { content: ""; margin-left: 5px; border: solid #fff; border-width: 0 2px 2px 0; display: inline-block; padding: 2px; transform: rotate(-45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg) } .meta-info .desc { font: 400 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; border-bottom: 2px solid #bababa; padding: 8px 0 } .bottom-border { border-bottom: 2px solid #bababa; padding: 12px 0 } .sec-titl-w .mathematics { color: #668c80 } .sec-titl-w .maths { color: #668c80 } .mathematics-v-all { background: #668c80; color: #fff } .maths-v-all { background: #668c80; color: #fff } .sec-titl-w .science { color: #8d72a1 } .science-v-all { background: #8d72a1; color: #fff } .sec-titl-w .hindi { color: #cbaa5f } .hindi-v-all { background: #cbaa5f; color: #fff } .sec-titl-w .social-studies { color: #c16366 } .social-studies-v-all { background: #c16366; color: #fff } .sec-titl-w .english { color: #4fa2ad } .english-v-all { background: #4fa2ad; color: #fff } .flexcol-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin: 20px 0 } .tabs-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin-right: 23px; flex-shrink: 0 } .tabs-wrap a { background: #d9d9d9; border-radius: 8px; opacity: .83; padding: 6px; font: normal normal normal 15px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; margin-right: 7px } .tabs-wrap .active { background: #fff; border: 2px solid #70aed7 } .select-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: center; color: #3e3e3e; position: relative; width: 331px; margin: 0 auto 30px } .select-wrap:after { width: 0; height: 0; position: absolute; top: 40%; right: 12px; content: "\203A"; z-index: 1; font-size: 30px; transform: rotate(90deg); color: #006fb9 } .select-wrap select { -webkit-appearance: none; -moz-appearance: none; appearance: none; padding: 10px 9px; border: 2px solid #006fb9; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; border-radius: 10px; background: #fff; height: 49px; width: 320px; font: normal normal normal 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } #filter { cursor: pointer; margin-left: 5px; display: flex; align-items: center; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 8px; justify-content: space-around; width: 193px; height: 49px; flex-shrink: 0 } #filter span { font: normal normal normal 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; pointer-events: none } #filter img { pointer-events: none } .data-wrap .org-btn { margin: 50px auto } .ques-ans-box { width: 100%; padding: 7px 8px; background: #fff; position: relative; border-radius: 12px; box-shadow: 0 3px 10px #00000029; margin-bottom: 20px } .ques-ans-box.slant-box::after { bottom: -11px; border-width: 51px 0 0 44px } .ques-ans-box .right-arrow::after { font-size: 26px; transform: rotate(-10deg); top: 8px; right: 24px } .boardName { font: normal normal 600 10px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .ques { font: normal normal normal 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } #big-img { width: 100%; height: auto; margin: 10px 0 } #big-img img { width: 100% } .date-time { font: normal normal 600 11px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #595959; border-bottom: 2px solid #ededed } .ans-expert { font: normal normal 600 10px/10px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; padding: 5px 0; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center } .ans-expert em { margin-right: 5px } .ans-expert button { font: normal normal 600 10px/10px "Open Sans", sans-serif; display: flex; align-items: center } .answer { padding-bottom: 15px; font: normal normal bold 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .answer div { font: normal 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .answer ul { margin: 10px 0 } .answer ul li { font: 400 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin-left: 15px; padding-bottom: 15px; color: #3e3e3e } .answer ul li::before { content: ""; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #f48020; border-radius: 50%; display: block; margin: 8px 10px 0 -15px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top } .question { background: #fff 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 3px 10px #00000029; border-radius: 16px; padding: 12px 15px 20px 15px; margin-top: 25px } .qstn-title { color: #006fb9; font: normal normal bold 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .question p, .qstn, .question>div { font: normal normal normal 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .question img { max-width: 100% } .question ol { margin-left: 20px; list-style-type: upper-alpha; color: #3e3e3e; font: normal normal normal 16px/34px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .question li::marker { color: #006fb9; font-weight: 700 } .qstn-option span { font: normal normal bold 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #006fb9 } .qstn-option { font: normal normal normal 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .qstn-img { margin: 12px 0 } .question-section-b { margin-top: 23px } .section-subtitle { font: italic normal normal 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; width: 715px; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center } .downmoad-pdf { padding: 20px; font: normal normal bold 15px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; box-shadow: 0 3px 10px #00000029; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 16px; width: 368px; margin: 0 auto; display: table; position: relative } .pdf-icon { position: absolute; right: 11px; top: 11px } .qstn span { font: normal normal bold 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .table-view { display: flex; margin-top: 10px } .opt-table { width: 613px; border: 1px solid #000; text-align: left } .opt-head { font: normal normal bold 13px/16px "Open Sans", sans-serif; border: 1px solid #000; padding: 3px } .opt { font: normal normal normal 13px/15px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #000 } .table-view ul { position: relative; top: 20px; margin-right: 5px } .selbox-wrap { width: 330px; margin: 15px auto; position: relative; text-align: center } .selbox-wrap select { -webkit-appearance: none; -moz-appearance: none; appearance: none; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 10px; color: #3e3e3e; padding: 12px 28px 12px 9px; width: 100%; font: normal 16px/20px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .selbox-wrap::after { width: 0; height: 0; position: absolute; top: 40%; right: 5px; content: "\203A"; z-index: 1; font-size: 30px; transform: rotate(90deg); color: #006fb9 } .ate-search-wrap { width: 300px; margin: 0 auto 20px; position: relative } .ate-search-wrap .input-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; border-radius: 8px; background: #dfdfdf } .input-search { width: 296px; height: 42px; color: #3e3e3e; opacity: .98; background: transparent; font: normal normal normal 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif; border: 0; padding: 12px 10px } .ate-search-wrap .input-wrap svg { margin: 9px 10px } .speaker-circle { background: transparent radial-gradient(closest-side at 37% 36%, #ff9140 0, #f16911 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; width: 39px; height: 38px; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-shrink: 0; margin-left: 20px; cursor: pointer } .ate-search-cont { display: flex; justify-content: space-between } .result-wrap { position: absolute; top: 43px; width: 336px; margin: -4px auto 0; background: #dfdfdf; padding: 20px 0 0; border-radius: 0 0 8px 8px; display: none; z-index: 1 } .abt--tl-sec .result-wrap ul { margin-bottom: 10px; height: 150px; overflow: auto } .result-wrap ul li { list-style: none; font: normal normal normal 16px/36px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .abt--tl-sec .result-wrap ul li a, .result-wrap ul li a { color: #3e3e3e } .abt--tl-sec .result-wrap ul li a:hover, .result-wrap ul li a:hover { color: #1c81c4 } .abt--tl-sec .result-wrap ul li::before, .result-wrap ul li::before { display: none } .abt--tl-sec .no-results { margin-left: 10px } .result-wrap .no-results { display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; margin-left: 10px } .no-results span { font: normal normal bold 16px/23px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; padding-left: 7px } .no-results span em { font: normal normal normal 14px/18px "Open Sans", sans-serif; display: block; color: #3e3e3e } .vsmc { max-width: 293px; margin: 14% auto } .voice-search-mb { border-radius: 19px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; align-items: center; gap: 20px; margin: 0 auto } .pulse-effect { background-color: #f16911; height: 40px; width: 40px; border-radius: 100%; position: relative; margin: 15px 0 } .circle { position: absolute; background-color: #f16911; height: 100%; width: 100%; border-radius: 100%; opacity: .5; animation: pulse 3s ease-out infinite } .circle:nth-of-type(1) { animation-delay: -0.5s } .circle:nth-of-type(2) { animation-delay: -1s } .circle:nth-of-type(3) { animation-delay: -1.5s } .pulse-effect img { position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%) } @keyframes pulse { 100% { transform: scale(1.75); opacity: 0 } } .or-text { text-align: center; margin: 20px 0 } .or-text span { color: #3e3e3e; font: normal normal normal 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif; opacity: .7; position: relative } .or-text span::before, .or-text span::after { content: ""; background: #d7d7d7; width: 30px; height: 2px; position: absolute; top: 10px } .or-text span::before { left: -38px } .or-text span::after { right: -38px } .ate-accordion .freebweb-label { background: #006fb9; font: normal normal normal 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #fff } .ate-accordion .freebweb-label::after { color: #fff; margin-top: -10px; font-size: 40px } .ate-accordion .flexcol-wrap { justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; position: relative; z-index: 1; margin: 20px 0 } .ate-accordion .tabs-wrap { margin-right: 0; justify-content: flex-start } .ate-accordion .filterDataList { position: relative; z-index: 7; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 5px } .ate-accordion .filterDataList .chosenList { margin: 0 } .ate-accordion .data-wrap { position: relative; z-index: 1 } .ate-accordion .subjectList { padding: 3px 7px 3px 10px; margin: 0 6px 0 } [hidden] { display: none; visibility: hidden } .group-list li { margin: 10px 0 } .sub-group-list li { margin: 10px 0 } .group-list, .sub-group-list, .sub-sub-group-list { height: 100%; max-height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height 0.5s ease-in-out } .nav__list input[type="checkbox"]:checked+label+ul { max-height: 100% } .syllabus-section { margin-bottom: 40px } .max-inner-container { max-width: 755px; margin: 0 auto } .syllabus-desc p { font: normal normal normal 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; margin-bottom: 20px; text-align: center } .syllabus-desc .rm-btn { font: normal normal 600 15px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; padding: 0; border: 0; background: 0; cursor: pointer; display: table; margin: 0 0 30px } .syllabus-desc .rm-btn:hover { opacity: .8 } .syllabus-section .accordion { margin-top: 15px } .syllabus-section .science-name { margin-top: 25px } .syllabus-section .accordion:first-child { margin-top: 0 } .syllabus-section .bord-accordion { border: 0 } .syllabus-section .border-label { padding: 0; font-weight: 400 } .syllabus-section .accordion-label::after { top: 8px; color: #8d72a1; right: 10px } .syllabus-section input:checked+.accordion-label::after { right: 10px } input:checked+.border-label { font-weight: 400 } .syllabus-section input:checked~.accordion-content { padding: 10px 0 0 0; margin: 0 12px } .accordion-content-inner { max-height: 0; padding: 0; color: #2c3e50; -webkit-transition: all 0.35s; transition: all 0.35s; font: 400 16px/28px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .inner-tab input:checked~.accordion-content-inner { max-height: 100vh } .biology-bg { background: #fff } .science-bg, .chemistry-bg, .physics-bg, .biology-bg { background: #8d72a1 } .common-sub-bg { background: #efefef } .mathematics-bg { background: #668c80 } .maths-bg { background: #668c80 } .oth-bg { background: #cbaa5f } .hindi-bg { background: #cbaa5f } .social-studies-bg { background: #c16366 } .economics-bg { background: #c16366 } .economics-applications-bg { background: #c16366 } .english-bg { background: #4fa2ad } .economics .sub-name { border: 2px solid #c16366; color: #fff } .chemistry .sub-name, .physics .sub-name, .biology .sub-name { border: 2px solid #8d72a1; color: #fff } .maths .sub-name { border: 2px solid #668c80; color: #fff } .maths .group-list .sub-name, .hindi .group-list .sub-name, .social .group-list .sub-name, .english .group-list .sub-name, .social-studies .group-list .sub-name, .physics .group-list .sub-name, .biology .group-list .sub-name, .chemistry .group-list .sub-name, .economics .group-list .sub-name { color: #3e3e3e } .social-studies .group-list .sub-name.economics-bg { color: #fff } .hindi .sub-name { border: 2px solid #cbaa5f; color: #fff } .social .sub-name { border: 2px solid #c16366; color: #fff } .english .sub-name { border: 2px solid #4fa2ad; color: #fff } .social-studies .sub-name { color: #fff } .sub-name { display: block; width: 100%; padding: 10px; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; border: 2px solid #8d72a1; border-radius: 11px; font: normal 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0; color: #3e3e3e; position: relative } .syllabus-section .science-name .sci-name { color: #fff; border: 0; padding: 13px } .syllabus-section .syllabus-section .science-name .accordion-label::after { color: #fff } .syllabus-section .sci-label::after { color: #fff } .lesson-points { padding: 0 25px } .lesson-points li { border-bottom: 1px solid #d9d9d9; text-align: left; font: normal 15px/35px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .lesson-points .sub-links { color: #3e3e3e } .lesson-points li:last-child { border-bottom: 0 } .view-syllabus { font: normal 13px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #fff; padding: 1px 10px; border-radius: 15px; position: absolute; right: 50px; top: 12px } .view-science-bg { background: #604e6e } .view-biology-bg { background: #604e6e } .view-chemistry-bg { background: #604e6e } .view-physics-bg { background: #604e6e } .view-grammar-bg { background: #366f76 } .view-mathematics-bg { background: #466057 } .view-maths-bg { background: #466057 } .view-oth-bg { background: #5f4f2c } .view-hindi-bg { background: #5f4f2c } .view-social-studies-bg { background: #844446 } .view-economics-bg { background: #844446 } .view-economics-applications-bg { background: #844446 } .view-english-bg { background: #366f76 } .view-business-studies-bg { background: #8d72a1 } .view-accountancy-bg { background: #8d72a1 } .view-poems-and-short-stories-bg { background: #366f76 } .time-schedule { font: normal normal 600 15px/20px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; padding-bottom: 10px } .time-schedule span { font-weight: 400 } .webinar-box .webinar { width: 550px; height: 138px; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 15px } .webinar-box .webinar-inner { height: 106px } .webinar-flex .webinar-box:first-child { margin-left: 0 } .webinar-flex .webinar-box:nth-of-type(2n) { margin-right: 0 } .webinar-section { margin-bottom: 20px } .webinar-flex { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center } .webinar { border-radius: 16px; width: 370px; height: 126px; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 30px; cursor: pointer } .bg-web-mathematics { border: 2px solid #668c80; overflow: hidden } .bg-web-maths { border: 2px solid #668c80; overflow: hidden } .bg-web-science { border: 2px solid #8d72a1; overflow: hidden } .bg-web-biology { border: 2px solid #8d72a1; overflow: hidden } .bg-web-chemistry { border: 2px solid #8d72a1; overflow: hidden } .bg-web-physics { border: 2px solid #8d72a1; overflow: hidden } .bg-web-english { border: 2px solid #366f76; overflow: hidden } .bg-web-grammar { border: 2px solid #366f76; overflow: hidden } .bg-web-poems-and-short-stories { border: 2px solid #366f76; overflow: hidden } .bg-web-hindi { border: 2px solid #cbaa5f; overflow: hidden } .bg-web-oth { border: 2px solid #cbaa5f; overflow: hidden } .bg-web-social-studies { border: 2px solid #c16366; overflow: hidden } .bg-web-economics { border: 2px solid #c16366; overflow: hidden } .bg-web-economics-applications { border: 2px solid #c16366; overflow: hidden } .webinar:nth-child(3n+3) { margin-right: 0 } .webinar-inner { background: #fff; height: 94px; display: flex; padding: 12px 13px 25px 11px; border-radius: 16px } .webinar-text { margin-left: 10px } .webinar-title { font: normal normal 600 16px/20px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .webinar-desc { font: normal normal normal 13px/20px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .webinar-bottom { display: flex } .webinar-duration { width: 50%; background-color: #efefef; padding: 4px 12px; font: normal normal normal 13px/20px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; position: relative } .webinar-duration:before { content: ""; position: absolute; width: 12px; height: 7px; border-radius: 40%; box-shadow: 5px 5px 0 0 #efefef; top: -10px; left: -2px; transform: rotate(45deg); z-index: -1 } .status-mathematics { background-color: #668c80 } .status-maths { background-color: #668c80 } .status-mathematics:after { box-shadow: 5px 5px 0 0 #668c80 } .status-maths:after { box-shadow: 5px 5px 0 0 #668c80 } .webinar-status { width: 50%; padding: 4px 12px; font: normal normal normal 13px/20px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #fff; text-align: center; position: relative; cursor: pointer } .webinar-status:after { content: ""; position: absolute; width: 7px; height: 12px; border-radius: 0 40% 40% 40%; top: -12px; right: 0; transform: rotate(45deg) } .w-play { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; color: #fff; margin: 0 auto } .status-science { background-color: #8d72a1 } .status-biology { background-color: #8d72a1 } .status-chemistry { background-color: #8d72a1 } .status-physics { background-color: #8d72a1 } .status-science:after { box-shadow: 5px 5px 0 0 #8d72a1 } .status-social-studies { background-color: #c16366 } .status-economics { background-color: #c16366 } .status-economics-applications { background-color: #c16366 } .status-social-studies:after { box-shadow: 5px 5px 0 0 #c16366 } .status-hindi { background-color: #cbaa5f } .status-oth { background-color: #cbaa5f } .status-english { background-color: #366f76 } .status-grammar { background-color: #366f76 } .status-poems-and-short-stories { background-color: #366f76 } .status-hindi:after { box-shadow: 5px 5px 0 0 #cbaa5f } .w-time { font: normal normal 600 15px/19px "Open Sans", sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.28px } .free-web-accordion { margin-top: 20px } .freebweb-label { position: relative; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 9px; display: block; width: 100%; padding: 8px 15px; color: #3e3e3e; font: normal normal normal 16px/28px "Open Sans", sans-serif; cursor: pointer } .freebweb-label::after { content: "\203A"; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all 0.35s; transition: all 0.35s; font-weight: 100; font-size: 30px; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); color: #006fb9; opacity: .8; position: absolute; right: 8px } .freebweb-label span { display: inline-block; width: 95% } .free-web-accordion input { position: absolute; opacity: 0; z-index: -1 } .web-accord-content { max-height: 0; padding: 0; color: #2c3e50; -webkit-transition: all 0.35s; transition: all 0.35s; font: 400 16px/28px "Open Sans", sans-serif; opacity: 0; margin: 0; pointer-events: none } .webinar-box { margin: 0 15px 0 } input:checked+.freebweb-label::after { -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg); right: 4px } input:checked~.web-accord-content { max-height: 100%; padding: 10px 0; opacity: 1; pointer-events: auto } #consmp-wrap .max-container { width: 853px } #consmp-wrap img { width: 100% } #consmp-wrap .glide__arrows { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin-top: 7px } #consmp-wrap .glide__arrow { width: 33px; height: 33px; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; cursor: pointer } #consmp-wrap .glide__arrow--prev svg { margin-left: -5px; margin-top: -6px } #consmp-wrap .glide__arrow--next svg { margin-left: -4px; margin-top: -6px } #slider-numbers { position: absolute; left: 50%; bottom: 10px } .ex-wrap { background: #efefef 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; border: 1px solid #c1c1c1 } .ex-wrap .excercise-cont { display: block; overflow: auto } .excercise-cont .exlinks { /* width: 90px; height: 46px; */ padding: 12px 0; margin: 0 20px; text-align: center; font: normal normal normal 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block } .excercise-cont .exlinks:hover, .excercise-cont .exlinks.active { background: #006fb9; color: #fff; display: inline-block } .exc-cont { width: 1094px; margin: 0 auto } .chapt-text { color: #f16911; font: normal normal bold 10px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; text-transform: uppercase; padding-top: 18px } .soln-cont { border-bottom: 2px solid #e7e7e7; padding: 0 0 18px } .soln-cont:last-child { border-bottom: 0 } .soln-cont h2 { color: #465d52; font: normal normal bold 18px/28px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .number-list, .lowalpha-list, .upalpha-list, .lowroman-list, .uproman-list { margin: 20px 0 10px } .number-list li { list-style: decimal; margin-left: 20px; padding-bottom: 10px; font: 400 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .lowalpha-list li { list-style: lower-alpha; margin-left: 20px; padding-bottom: 10px; font: 400 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .upalpha-list li { list-style: upper-alpha; margin-left: 20px; padding-bottom: 10px; font: 400 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .lowroman-list li { list-style: lower-roman; margin-left: 20px; padding-bottom: 10px; font: 400 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .uproman-list li { list-style: upper-roman; margin-left: 20px; padding-bottom: 10px; font: 400 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .soln-ttl { font: normal normal bold 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; padding: 10px 0 } .soln-ttl div, .soln-cont div { font: normal normal normal 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .soln-cont p { font: normal normal normal 16px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .soln-ttl ol { margin-left: 15px; font-weight: 400; margin-top: 15px } .pgcont p { font: normal normal normal 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; margin-bottom: 20px } .abt--tl-sec ul { margin-bottom: 20px } .abt--tl-sec ul li { font: 400 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif; margin-left: 15px; padding-bottom: 15px; color: #3e3e3e } .abt--tl-sec ul li::before { content: ""; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #999; border-radius: 50%; display: block; margin: 5px 10px 0 -15px; float: left } .abt--tl-sec ul li a { color: #1c81c4 } .video-container { width: 720px; height: 427px; border-radius: 9px; background: #848484; margin: 30px auto; position: relative; cursor: pointer } .lg-modal .modal-class { max-width: 761px } .lg-modal .modal-class .video-js { width: 710px; height: 320px } .pricing .pkg-ttl { padding: 15px 5px 10px; min-height: 75px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center } .pricing .glide__track { max-width: 750px; margin: 50px auto 0 } .pricing .pkg-wrap .glide__slide { max-width: 321px; margin: 0 0 30px } .pricing .pkg-box ul { background: #f0f0f0; width: 95%; height: 394px; border-radius: 25px } .view-pack { text-align: center; color: #3e3e3e; font: normal normal bold 16px/34px "Open Sans", sans-serif; display: block; padding-bottom: 12px; padding-top: 10px } @media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (max-width:1200px) { .subject-wrap { margin: 0 10px } .subject-box { flex-wrap: wrap; margin: 0 5px } } @media only screen and (max-width:1023px) { .subject-wrap { flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; margin: 0 } .subject-wrap a { margin: 0 7px 20px } .subject-box { margin: 0 10px 20px; width: 176px; height: 112px } .subject-box em { font: normal normal bold 14px/20px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .list-wrap ul li { max-width: 338px; font: normal normal 600 14px/20px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .viewchapt { width: 80%; max-width: 377px } .comm-tabs { margin: 0 -15px } .sec-titl-w h2 { font: normal normal bold 18px/24px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .video-container { width: 100%; max-width: 377px; height: 224px } .flexcol-wrap { flex-wrap: wrap; max-width: 480px; margin: 11px auto 15px; justify-content: center } .tabs-wrap { margin-right: -15px; overflow: auto; margin-bottom: 18px; justify-content: flex-start; width: 100% } .tabs-wrap a { flex-shrink: 0 } .select-wrap { width: 285px } .banner-pyqs { width: 90%; flex-direction: column; height: 327px; background-color: #eaeaea } .pyqs-left-img { width: 100%; height: 100%; background-size: contain } .banner-pyqs .text { width: 71%; margin: 0 auto 10px; line-height: 20px; font-size: 14px } .banner-sample { width: 90%; flex-direction: column; height: 100% } .sample-left-img { width: 100%; height: 212px; background-size: contain } .banner-sample .text { width: 71%; margin: 10px auto; line-height: 20px; font-size: 14px } .max-inner-container { max-width: 100%; padding: 0 15px } .syllabus-section .clr-accordion { margin-top: 90px } .webinar-box { margin: 0 } .webinar-box .webinar { width: 100%; height: 168px } .webinar-box .webinar-inner { height: 136px; overflow: hidden } .freebweb-label { font: normal normal normal 16px/22px "Open Sans", sans-serif } .max-inner-container { max-width: 100%; padding: 0 15px } .syllabus-section .clr-accordion { margin-top: 90px } .ex-wrap { border-left: 0; border-right: 0 } .exc-cont { width: 100%; padding: 0 15px } .ex-wrap .excercise-cont { overflow: auto; white-space: nowrap } .pricing .glide__track { max-width: 100% } .nxt--vid-grid .vdo-img-wrap, .nxt--vid-grid .vdo-img-wrap img { width: 100% } .soln-cont p img { max-width: 100%; height: 100% } } @media only screen and (max-width:768px) { .webinar { margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 20px } .section-subtitle { width: 100% } .qstn-img { width: 100% } .downmoad-pdf { width: 100% } .table-view .qstn-option { font: normal normal normal 13px/13px Open Sans } .table-view .qstn-option span { font: normal normal bold 13px/24px Open Sans } .table-div { overflow-x: auto } .table-view ul { width: 28px } .list-wrap ul li { width: 100%; margin: 0 5px 15px } .samp-brd-box { width: 150px; height: auto; margin: 0 7px 15px } .lg-modal .modal-class { width: 100%; height: 50%; margin: 0 auto; border: 0; border-radius: 0 } } @media only screen and (max-width:480px) { .subject-box { width: 150px; margin: 0 6px 20px } .input-search { width: 220px } } </style> <script> var pageData = {}; var pageUrl = "https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce"; var siteUrl = "https://www.topperlearning.com/"; var elementId = "9"; var boardId = "101"; var classId = "504"; var subjectId = ""; var questionType = ""; var chapterId = ""; var topicId= ""; var isVideo= ""; var videoTypeCheck= ""; var videoLevel = "" var contentId = ""; var isStaticContent = ""; var isConsumption = ""; var seoTitle = `NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce - TopperLearning`; var pdfData = {}; var videoData = {}; var htmlContentConsumption = 0; var isMobile = window.innerWidth < 1024; var showAds = localStorage.getItem('showAds') == null ? 1 : localStorage.getItem('showAds'); showAds = parseInt(showAds); </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-W48MRLD');</script>   <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-3228942-5"></script> <script> // setTimeout(function(){ // var gaScript = document.createElement('script'); // gaScript.src = "https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-3228942-5"; // gaScript.async=true; // var head = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; // // insert the script element at the beginning of the head tag // head.insertBefore(gaScript, head.firstChild); // }, 5000); </script> <script> window.addEventListener("scroll", function(){ var gptJsScript = document.createElement('script'); gptJsScript.async = true; gptJsScript.src = "https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"; document.head.appendChild(gptJsScript); }, { once: true }); </script> <script> var selectTag ='h1'; var htmlMethod = 'afterend'; </script> <script> document.addEventListener('touchstart', function(){ if(isMobile && showAds == 1){ let h1Tag = document.querySelector(selectTag); if(h1Tag){ let adHTML = '<div class="max-container ad-banner"><a href="https://click.onatrack.in/c?o=19578024&m=3376&a=414456" target="_blank" style="margin:0 auto" title="Click On Track"><img src="'+siteUrl+'assets/v1/images/dbs-250x250.jpg" onclick="oneNativeAds()" alt="Topper Ad" width="250" height="250"></a></div>'; h1Tag.insertAdjacentHTML(htmlMethod, adHTML); } } },{ once: true }); function oneNativeAds(){ gtag("event", "click", {"event_category": "OneNativeAds","event_label": "DBS"}); } </script>  <script> // setTimeout(function(){ window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-3228942-5'); // }, 5000); </script>   <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || { cmd: [] }; googletag.cmd.push(function() { // // googletag.pubads().setTargeting('meta_keywords', { // json_encode: explode(",", $metaTags['keywords']) // }); // googletag.pubads().setTargeting('title_name', `NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce - TopperLearning` ); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('page_url', "https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('DFP', "okay"); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); /*setTimeout(function(){ googletag.pubads().refresh(); }, 2000);*/ }); </script>  <script data-cfasync="false"> window.addEventListener("scroll", function(){ (function(w, d) { var s = d.createElement('script'); s.src = '//cdn.adpushup.com/43005/adpushup.js'; s.crossOrigin = 'anonymous'; s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; (d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(s); w.adpushup = w.adpushup || { que: [] }; })(window, document); }, {once: true}); </script> </head> <body>  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-W48MRLD" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div id="overlay" onclick="closeMobileNav()"></div> <header> <div class="header-login-wrap"> <div class="header-left"> <div id="mobile-menu" class="hamburger" onclick="openMobileNav();"> <span class="bar1"></span> <span class="bar2"></span> <span class="bar3"></span> </div> <div class="logo"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/" title="TopperLearning"> <svg id="Component_19_161" data-name="Component 19 – 16" width="159" height="48" viewBox="0 0 122 37.116"><g id="Group_31" data-name="Group 3" transform="translate(0 0)"> <g id="Group_16121" data-name="Group 1612" transform="translate(0 0)"> <g id="Group_16131" data-name="Group 1613" transform="translate(0 0)"> <path id="Path_4189" data-name="Path 418" d="M11.586,5.374V24.405H5.248V5.374H0V0H16.834V5.374Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#1b80c3"/> <path id="Path_4190" data-name="Path 419" d="M237.74,24.406V0h9.705a11.886,11.886,0,0,1,4.679.853,6.532,6.532,0,0,1,3.106,2.656,8.555,8.555,0,0,1,1.1,4.521q0,4.236-2.2,6.26t-6.449,2.023h-3.6v8.093Zm6.338-19.284v6.07h1.075a9.14,9.14,0,0,0,3.43-.489q1.138-.489,1.138-2.475a3.184,3.184,0,0,0-.585-2.112,2.464,2.464,0,0,0-1.486-.836,15.293,15.293,0,0,0-2.5-.158Z" transform="translate(-191.784 0)" fill="#1b80c3"/> <path id="Path_4201" data-name="Path 420" d="M340.084,24.406V0h9.705a11.889,11.889,0,0,1,4.679.853,6.532,6.532,0,0,1,3.106,2.656,8.553,8.553,0,0,1,1.1,4.521q0,4.236-2.2,6.26t-6.449,2.023h-3.6v8.093Zm6.338-19.284v6.07H347.5a9.14,9.14,0,0,0,3.43-.489q1.138-.489,1.138-2.475a3.184,3.184,0,0,0-.585-2.112,2.464,2.464,0,0,0-1.486-.836,15.293,15.293,0,0,0-2.5-.158Z" transform="translate(-274.344 0)" fill="#1b80c3"/> <path id="Path_4211" data-name="Path 421" d="M456.322,5.374h-7.556V9.452h7.16v5.374h-7.16v4.2h7.556v5.374H442.428V0h13.894Z" transform="translate(-356.904 0)" fill="#1b80c3"/> <path id="Path_4221" data-name="Path 422" d="M538.759,14.4,546.425,24.4h-7.9l-5.975-9.389h-.079V24.4h-6.339V0h9.484a11.169,11.169,0,0,1,4.379.814,6.528,6.528,0,0,1,3.019,2.5,7.564,7.564,0,0,1,1.091,4.2,7.986,7.986,0,0,1-.624,3.169,6.164,6.164,0,0,1-4.718,3.722m-6.291-9.547v6.086h.616a6.882,6.882,0,0,0,3.177-.64A2.447,2.447,0,0,0,537.494,7.9a2.46,2.46,0,0,0-1.233-2.418,6.957,6.957,0,0,0-3.177-.632Z" transform="translate(-424.425 0.001)" fill="#1b80c3"/> <path id="Path_4231" data-name="Path 423" d="M103.553,1.705a12.988,12.988,0,1,0,12.988,12.988A12.989,12.989,0,0,0,103.553,1.705" transform="translate(-73.057 -1.375)" fill="#f48020" fill-rule="evenodd"/> <path id="Path_4240" data-name="Path 424" d="M132.942,28.715l-5.656-1.087L124.5,22.585l-2.781,5.043-5.656,1.087,3.937,4.2-.715,5.715,5.215-2.446,5.215,2.446L129,32.919Z" transform="translate(-93.631 -18.219)" fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd"/> <path id="Path_4250" data-name="Path 425" d="M240.348,160.662h3.121v.821h-4.1v-7.214h.977Z" transform="translate(-193.1 -124.448)" fill="#8897a7"/> <path id="Path_4260" data-name="Path 426" d="M289.338,154.269v.8h-3.463v2.4h2.8v.765h-2.8v2.462h3.463v.8h-4.445v-7.214Z" transform="translate(-229.822 -124.447)" fill="#8897a7"/> <path id="Path_4270" data-name="Path 427" d="M336.4,161.483h-.755a.325.325,0,0,1-.212-.065.4.4,0,0,1-.121-.166l-.674-1.742H331.4l-.675,1.742a.4.4,0,0,1-.121.161.322.322,0,0,1-.211.07h-.755l2.884-7.214h.992Zm-4.727-2.678h2.693l-1.133-2.935a5.471,5.471,0,0,1-.216-.679q-.055.206-.108.38t-.1.3Z" transform="translate(-265.915 -124.448)" fill="#8897a7"/> <path id="Path_4280" data-name="Path 428" d="M389.568,158.472v3.011H388.6v-7.214h2.039a4.455,4.455,0,0,1,1.183.139,2.26,2.26,0,0,1,.823.4,1.6,1.6,0,0,1,.481.632,2.116,2.116,0,0,1,.156.828,2.075,2.075,0,0,1-.121.715,1.888,1.888,0,0,1-.35.6,2.091,2.091,0,0,1-.559.45,2.765,2.765,0,0,1-.748.282,1.03,1.03,0,0,1,.322.307l2.1,2.865h-.866a.427.427,0,0,1-.393-.206L390.8,158.7a.542.542,0,0,0-.186-.174.673.673,0,0,0-.3-.053Zm0-.71h1.022a2.487,2.487,0,0,0,.753-.1,1.53,1.53,0,0,0,.544-.292,1.209,1.209,0,0,0,.33-.451,1.472,1.472,0,0,0,.111-.579,1.149,1.149,0,0,0-.426-.972,2.056,2.056,0,0,0-1.266-.327h-1.067Z" transform="translate(-313.478 -124.447)" fill="#8897a7"/> <path id="Path_4290" data-name="Path 429" d="M441.066,154.3a.5.5,0,0,1,.143.133l4.178,5.437q-.015-.131-.02-.254c0-.082,0-.162,0-.239v-5.11h.855v7.214h-.493a.419.419,0,0,1-.194-.04.481.481,0,0,1-.154-.136l-4.173-5.432c.007.084.012.166.015.246s.005.154.005.222v5.14h-.856v-7.214h.5a.439.439,0,0,1,.194.033" transform="translate(-355.243 -124.448)" fill="#8897a7"/> <rect id="Rectangle_2670" data-name="Rectangle 267" width="0.977" height="7.214" transform="translate(96.543 29.821)" fill="#8897a7"/> <path id="Path_4301" data-name="Path 430" d="M533.934,154.3a.5.5,0,0,1,.143.133l4.178,5.437c-.01-.087-.017-.172-.02-.254s0-.162,0-.239v-5.11h.856v7.214h-.493a.419.419,0,0,1-.194-.04.479.479,0,0,1-.154-.136l-4.173-5.432c.007.084.012.166.015.246s.005.154.005.222v5.14h-.856v-7.214h.5a.438.438,0,0,1,.194.033" transform="translate(-430.159 -124.448)" fill="#8897a7"/> <path id="Path_4310" data-name="Path 431" d="M592.816,160.438a4.759,4.759,0,0,0,.536-.028,3.368,3.368,0,0,0,.461-.083,3.131,3.131,0,0,0,.408-.133q.192-.078.383-.179v-1.591h-1.117a.212.212,0,0,1-.154-.055.181.181,0,0,1-.058-.136v-.554h2.215v2.769a3.962,3.962,0,0,1-.566.342,3.866,3.866,0,0,1-.629.244,4.559,4.559,0,0,1-.717.146,6.756,6.756,0,0,1-.831.048,3.748,3.748,0,0,1-1.44-.269,3.312,3.312,0,0,1-1.128-.755,3.434,3.434,0,0,1-.737-1.165,4.1,4.1,0,0,1-.264-1.5,4.19,4.19,0,0,1,.26-1.505,3.235,3.235,0,0,1,1.9-1.918,4.165,4.165,0,0,1,1.528-.267,4.727,4.727,0,0,1,.8.063,3.731,3.731,0,0,1,.682.181,3.182,3.182,0,0,1,.581.287,3.569,3.569,0,0,1,.5.38l-.277.443a.254.254,0,0,1-.222.136.357.357,0,0,1-.176-.055q-.126-.07-.282-.171a2.4,2.4,0,0,0-.38-.194,3.055,3.055,0,0,0-.529-.159,3.493,3.493,0,0,0-.723-.065,2.93,2.93,0,0,0-1.1.2,2.336,2.336,0,0,0-.84.569,2.519,2.519,0,0,0-.534.9,3.523,3.523,0,0,0-.186,1.181,3.582,3.582,0,0,0,.194,1.221,2.58,2.58,0,0,0,.546.909,2.36,2.36,0,0,0,.836.569,2.814,2.814,0,0,0,1.068.2" transform="translate(-475.285 -124.112)" fill="#8897a7"/> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </a> </div> </div> <div class="header-right"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/doubts-solutions/all-questions/" class="ask-doubt-link"><span class="ate-text">Ask a Doubt</span> <span><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 20.302 19.382"> <g id="ask-a-doubt" transform="translate(1.15 1.15)"> <path id="Union_7" data-name="Union 7" d="M8384.251-141.365H8377a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V-151a3,3,0,0,1,3-3h12a3,3,0,0,1,3,3v6.636a3,3,0,0,1-3,3h-.4l-3.325,3.4Z" transform="translate(-8373.999 153.999)" fill="none" stroke="#f16911" stroke-width="2.3"/> </g> </svg></span> </a> </a> <div class="cart-link"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/store/make_payment" title="Cart"> <svg width="17.14" height="16" viewBox="0 0 18.14 17" fill="#1B80C3"> <path id="cart" d="M12.75,16a1.067,1.067,0,1,1,1.062-1.067A1.066,1.066,0,0,1,12.75,16ZM7.438,16A1.067,1.067,0,1,1,8.5,14.933,1.066,1.066,0,0,1,7.438,16Zm5.844-3.2H7.438a2.132,2.132,0,0,1-2.125-2.134L4.25,4.267h.006l-1.068-3.2H.531A.533.533,0,0,1,.531,0h3.44L5.3,4.267H17l-1.594,6.4A2.132,2.132,0,0,1,13.282,12.8ZM5.489,5.333l.885,5.333a1.066,1.066,0,0,0,1.063,1.067h5.844a1.066,1.066,0,0,0,1.062-1.067l1.328-5.333Z" transform="translate(0.5 0.5)" fill="none" stroke="#1B80C3" stroke-width="1"/> </svg> <span class="cart-number-wrap" id="cart-number" style="display: none;"></span> </a> </div> <div class="search-wrap"> <div class="gcse-search" id="cse"> <input type="text" id="cseInput" class="srh-input" placeholder="Search"> <button class="ic-search" aria-label="Search"><svg height="20px" viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="20px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"/><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"/></svg></button> </div> </div> <button class="search" data-target="searchModal" onclick="popOpen('searchModal')" data-toggle="popup-overlay" id="mobileSearchBtn" title="Search" name="Search"> <svg height="20px" viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="20px" fill="#848484"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"/><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"/></svg> </button> <div class="bfl-box" id="bfl-box"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/sign-in" class="login-link">Login</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/sign-up" class="signup-link">Sign Up</a> </div> <div class="afl-box" id="afl-box" style="display: none;text-align: left;"> <div class="hd-profile-pic"> <img src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/guest-user.svg" alt="profile photo" title="" width="63" height="63" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="user-detls"> <div class="user"> <span>Hello</span> <div class="username" id="usernameDesktop"></div> </div> <div class="dwn-arrow"> </div> </div> <div class="user-menu">  <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/dashboard">Dashboard</a> <button onclick="logout()">Logout</button> </div> </div> <div class="net18-logo"> <img src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/nw18.svg" alt="Network 18" width="28" height="25"> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="header-flex-wrap"> <nav class="header-menu"> <ul class="flex-space"> <li > <button>Boards</button> <ul class="submenu"> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse">CBSE</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-1">Class 1</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-2">Class 2</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-3">Class 3</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-4">Class 4</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-5">Class 5</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6">Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7">Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8">Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9">Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10">Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science">Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce">Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science">Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce">Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse">ICSE</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-1">Class 1</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-2">Class 2</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-3">Class 3</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-4">Class 4</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-5">Class 5</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6">Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7">Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8">Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9">Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10">Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-1">Class 1</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-2">Class 2</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-3">Class 3</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-4">Class 4</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-5">Class 5</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-6">Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-7">Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-8">Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-9">Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-10">Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <button>NCERT Solutions</button> <ul class="submenu"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-science">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-11-science">NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-11-commerce">NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10">NCERT Solutions for Class 10</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths</a> </li> <li > <span>NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science</span> <ul class=""> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-biology">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Biology</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-physics">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Physics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-chemistry">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-english">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-hindi">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Hindi</a> </li> <li > <span>NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science</span> <ul class=""> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-history">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-civics">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-geography">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9">NCERT Solutions for Class 9</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-maths">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths</a> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science</a> <ul class=""> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-biology">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Biology</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-physics">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Physics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-chemistry">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Chemistry</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-english">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-hindi">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Hindi</a> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science</a> <ul class=""> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-history">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-civics">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Civics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-geography">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8">NCERT Solutions for Class 8</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-maths">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-science">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-english">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-hindi">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-history">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-civics">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-geography">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7">NCERT Solutions for Class 7</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-maths">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-science">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-english">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-hindi">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Hindi</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-history">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 History</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-civics">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Civics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-geography">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6">NCERT Solutions for Class 6</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-maths">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-science">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-english">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 English</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-hindi">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-history">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 History</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-civics">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Civics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-geography">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <button>Selina Solutions</button> <ul class="submenu"> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10">Selina Solutions for Class 10</a> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10-maths">Selina Solutions for Class 10 Maths</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10-physics">Selina Solutions for Class 10 Physics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10-chemistry">Selina Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10-biology">Selina Solutions for Class 10 Biology</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9">Selina Solutions for Class 9</a> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9-maths">Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9-physics">Selina Solutions for Class 9 Physics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9-chemistry">Selina Solutions for Class 9 Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9-biology">Selina Solutions for Class 9 Biology</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8">Selina Solutions for Class 8</a> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8-maths">Selina Solutions for Class 8 Maths</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8-physics">Selina Solutions for Class 8 Physics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8-chemistry">Selina Solutions for Class 8 Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8-biology">Selina Solutions for Class 8 Biology</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <button>Other Solutions</button> <ul class="submenu"> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions">RD Sharma Solutions</a> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-12-science">RD Sharma Class 12 Solutions</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-11-science">RD Sharma Class 11 Solutions</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-10">RD Sharma Class 10 Solutions</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-9">RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>R S Aggarwal And V Aggarwal Solutions</span> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/r-s-aggarwal-and-v-aggarwal-solutions/cbse-class-10">R S Aggarwal And V Aggarwal Class 10 Solutions</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/r-s-aggarwal-and-v-aggarwal-solutions/cbse-class-9">R S Aggarwal And V Aggarwal Class 9 Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>Lakhmir Singh And Manjit Kaur Solutions</span> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/lakhmir-singh-and-manjit-kaur-solutions/cbse-class-10">Lakhmir Singh And Manjit Kaur Class 10 Solutions</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/lakhmir-singh-and-manjit-kaur-solutions/cbse-class-9">Lakhmir Singh And Manjit Kaur Class 9 Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>P S Verma and V K Agarwal Solutions</span> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/p-s-verma-and-v-k-agarwal-solutions/cbse-class-9">P S Verma and V K Agarwal Class 9 Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>Frank Solutions</span> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/frank-solutions/icse-class-10">Frank Solutions for Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/frank-solutions/icse-class-9">Frank Solutions for Class 9</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>T S Grewal Solutions</span> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/t-s-grewal-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce">T S Grewal Solutions for class 12 commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/t-s-grewal-solutions/cbse-class-11-commerce">T S Grewal Solutions for class 11 commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <button>Study Materials</button> <ul class="submenu"> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse">CBSE</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li > <span>CBSE Sample Papers</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>CBSE Revision Notes</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-revision-notes">CBSE Class 6 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-revision-notes">CBSE Class 7 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-revision-notes">CBSE Class 8 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-revision-notes">CBSE Class 9 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-revision-notes">CBSE Class 10 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-revision-notes">CBSE Class 11 Science Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-revision-notes">CBSE Class 11 Commerce Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-revision-notes">CBSE Class 12 Science Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-revision-notes">CBSE Class 12 Commerce Revision Notes</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>CBSE MCQs</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 11 Science </a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 11 Commerce </a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 12 Science </a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 12 Commerce </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>CBSE Video Lessons</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>CBSE Syllabus</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>CBSE Fill in the Blanks</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-fib">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-fib">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-fib">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-fib">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-fib">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>CBSE Important Questions</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 11 science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 11 commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 12 science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 12 commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>CBSE Subjective Questions</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 11 science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 11 commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 12 science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 12 commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>CBSE Practice Test</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 11 science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 11 commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 12 science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 12 commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse">ICSE</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li > <span>ICSE Sample Papers</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-sample-papers">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-sample-papers">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-sample-papers">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-sample-papers">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-sample-papers">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>ICSE Video Lessons</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-videos">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-videos">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-videos">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-videos">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-videos">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>ICSE Revision Notes</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-revision-notes">ICSE Class 6 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-revision-notes">ICSE Class 7 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-revision-notes">ICSE Class 8 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-revision-notes">ICSE Class 9 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-revision-notes">ICSE Class 10 Revision Notes</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>ICSE Syllabus</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-syllabus">ICSE Syllabus for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-syllabus">ICSE Syllabus for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-syllabus">ICSE Syllabus for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-syllabus">ICSE Syllabus for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-syllabus">ICSE Syllabus for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>ICSE Important Questions</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-miq">ICSE Important Questions for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-miq">ICSE Important Questions for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-miq">ICSE Important Questions for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-miq">ICSE Important Questions for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-miq">ICSE Important Questions for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>ICSE MCQs</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-mcq">ICSE MCQs for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-mcq">ICSE MCQs for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-mcq">ICSE MCQs for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-mcq">ICSE MCQs for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-mcq">ICSE MCQs for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>ICSE True or False</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-tnf">ICSE True or False for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-tnf">ICSE True or False for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-tnf">ICSE True or False for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-tnf">ICSE True or False for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-tnf">ICSE True or False for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>ICSE Subjective Questions</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-saq">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-saq">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-saq">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-saq">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>ICSE Practice Test</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-practice-test">ICSE Practice Test for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-practice-test">ICSE Practice Test for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-practice-test">ICSE Practice Test for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-practice-test">ICSE Practice Test for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-practice-test">ICSE Practice Test for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee">JEE Main</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/diagnostic-test">JEE Main Diagnostic Test</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/mock-test">JEE Main Mock Test</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/videos">JEE Main Video Lessons</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/main-previous-year-papers">JEE Main Previous Year Question Papers</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/webinar">JEE Main Webinar</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/main-syllabus">JEE Main Syllabus</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/advanced-syllabus">JEE Advanced Syllabus</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet">NEET</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/diagnostic-test">NEET Diagnostic Test</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/mock-test">NEET Mock Test</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/videos">NEET Video Lessons</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/previous-year-papers">NEET Previous Year Question Papers</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/syllabus">NEET Syllabus</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>Foundation</span> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/foundation-class-9">class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/foundation-class-10">class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <button>Entrance Exams</button> <ul class="submenu"> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee">JEE Main</a> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/chemistry">Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/maths">Maths</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/physics">Physics</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet">NEET</a> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/biology">Biology</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/chemistry">Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/physics">Physics</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <button>Explore</button> <ul class="submenu"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/about-us">About Us</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/doubts-solutions/all-questions/">Ask a Doubt</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/testimonials">Testimonials</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/topper-faculty">Our Faculties</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/careers">Careers</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/blog">Blog</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/contact-us">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="no-arrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/partner-program">Become a Partner</a> </li> <li class="no-arrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/store">Pricing</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav id="menu-mobile" class="header-menu"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/" class="homelink" title="Home"><svg height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"/><path d="M12 5.69l5 4.5V18h-2v-6H9v6H7v-7.81l5-4.5M12 3L2 12h3v8h6v-6h2v6h6v-8h3L12 3z"/></svg></a> <ul class="flex-space"> <li> <button data-target="cbseModal" onclick = "popOpen('cbseModal')" data-toggle="popup-overlay">CBSE</button> </li> <li> <button data-target="icseModal" onclick = "popOpen('icseModal')" data-toggle="popup-overlay">ICSE</button> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee">JEE Main</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet">NEET</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/store">PRICING</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="req-call-wrap"> <div id="req-label" class="req-label" onclick="reqCall();"><span class="req-text">Request a call back</span> <em><svg height="22px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="22px" fill="#FFFFFF"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"/><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"/></svg></em></div> <div id="req-content" class="req-content"> <p>Join NOW to get access to exclusive study material for best results</p> <form onsubmit="requestCallBack(this);return false;"> <input type="text" class="inputsmbx" placeholder="+91" disabled> <input type="text" name="phone_number" placeholder="Mobile number" class="inputbx" maxlength="10" required> <input type="hidden" name="url" value="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce"> <button class="org-btn">CALL ME NOW</button> </form> </div> </div> </header> <div id="mbnav" class="nav-box"> <div class="user-info"> <div class="flex-start"> <div class="user-img-wrap"><img src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/blank-img.jpg" alt="User" title="User" width="26" height="27" loading="lazy"></div> <div id="bl-user-details" class="user-details"> <div class="user-name">Guest User</div> </div> <div id="al-user-details" class="user-details" style="display: none"> <div class="user-name" id="usernameMobile"></div> <div class="board-name" id="userBoardClassMobile"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="bl-login-wrap" class="login-wrap"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/sign-in" class="org-btn login-btn">LOG IN</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/sign-up" class="blue-btn signup-btn">SIGN UP</a> </div> <div id="al-login-wrap" class="login-wrap" style="display: none"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/my-profile" class="org-btn login-btn">VIEW PROFILE</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/dashboard" class="org-btn login-btn">DASHBOARD</a> <button class="blue-btn login-btn" onclick="logout()">LOGOUT</button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav"> <ul> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="itemboards" name="itemboards" hidden=""> <label for="itemboards" class="menu-label">Boards</label> <ul class="flevel-menu"> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-boards-cbse" name="flevel-item--boards-cbse" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-boards-cbse" class="menu-label">CBSE</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-1" class="noarrow">Class 1</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-2" class="noarrow">Class 2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-3" class="noarrow">Class 3</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-4" class="noarrow">Class 4</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-5" class="noarrow">Class 5</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6" class="noarrow">Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7" class="noarrow">Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8" class="noarrow">Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9" class="noarrow">Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10" class="noarrow">Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science" class="noarrow">Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce" class="noarrow">Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science" class="noarrow">Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce" class="noarrow">Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-boards-icse" name="flevel-item--boards-icse" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-boards-icse" class="menu-label">ICSE</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-1" class="noarrow">Class 1</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-2" class="noarrow">Class 2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-3" class="noarrow">Class 3</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-4" class="noarrow">Class 4</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-5" class="noarrow">Class 5</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6" class="noarrow">Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7" class="noarrow">Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8" class="noarrow">Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9" class="noarrow">Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10" class="noarrow">Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-boards-0" name="flevel-item--boards-0" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-boards-0" class="menu-label">Maharashtra</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-1" class="noarrow">Class 1</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-2" class="noarrow">Class 2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-3" class="noarrow">Class 3</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-4" class="noarrow">Class 4</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-5" class="noarrow">Class 5</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-6" class="noarrow">Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-7" class="noarrow">Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-8" class="noarrow">Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-9" class="noarrow">Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-10" class="noarrow">Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="item0" name="item0" hidden=""> <label for="item0" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions</label> <ul class="flevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-science" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-11-science" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-11-commerce" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-0-4" name="flevel-item--0-4" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-0-4" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 10</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths</a> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-0-4-1" name="slevel-item0-4-1" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-0-4-1" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-biology" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Biology</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-physics" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Physics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-chemistry" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-english" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-hindi" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Hindi</a> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-0-4-4" name="slevel-item0-4-4" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-0-4-4" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-history" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-civics" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-geography" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-0-5" name="flevel-item--0-5" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-0-5" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 9</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-maths" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths</a> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-0-5-1" name="slevel-item0-5-1" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-0-5-1" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-biology" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Biology</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-physics" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Physics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-chemistry" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Chemistry</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-english" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-hindi" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Hindi</a> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-0-5-4" name="slevel-item0-5-4" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-0-5-4" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-history" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-civics" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Civics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-geography" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-0-6" name="flevel-item--0-6" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-0-6" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 8</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-maths" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-science" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-english" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-hindi" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-history" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-civics" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-geography" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-0-7" name="flevel-item--0-7" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-0-7" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 7</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-maths" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-science" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-english" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-hindi" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Hindi</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-history" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 History</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-civics" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Civics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-geography" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-0-8" name="flevel-item--0-8" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-0-8" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 6</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-maths" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-science" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-english" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 English</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-hindi" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-history" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 History</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-civics" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Civics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-geography" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="item1" name="item1" hidden=""> <label for="item1" class="menu-label">Selina Solutions</label> <ul class="flevel-menu"> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-1-0" name="flevel-item--1-0" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-1-0" class="menu-label">Selina Solutions for Class 10</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10-maths" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 10 Maths</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10-physics" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 10 Physics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10-chemistry" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10-biology" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 10 Biology</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-1-1" name="flevel-item--1-1" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-1-1" class="menu-label">Selina Solutions for Class 9</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9-maths" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9-physics" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 9 Physics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9-chemistry" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 9 Chemistry</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9-biology" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 9 Biology</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-1-2" name="flevel-item--1-2" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-1-2" class="menu-label">Selina Solutions for Class 8</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8-maths" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 8 Maths</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8-physics" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 8 Physics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8-chemistry" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 8 Chemistry</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8-biology" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 8 Biology</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="item2" name="item2" hidden=""> <label for="item2" class="menu-label">Other Solutions</label> <ul class="flevel-menu"> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-2-0" name="flevel-item--2-0" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-2-0" class="menu-label">RD Sharma Solutions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-12-science" class="noarrow">RD Sharma Class 12 Solutions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-11-science" class="noarrow">RD Sharma Class 11 Solutions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-10" class="noarrow">RD Sharma Class 10 Solutions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-9" class="noarrow">RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-2-1" name="flevel-item--2-1" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-2-1" class="menu-label">R S Aggarwal And V Aggarwal Solutions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/r-s-aggarwal-and-v-aggarwal-solutions/cbse-class-10" class="noarrow">R S Aggarwal And V Aggarwal Class 10 Solutions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/r-s-aggarwal-and-v-aggarwal-solutions/cbse-class-9" class="noarrow">R S Aggarwal And V Aggarwal Class 9 Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-2-2" name="flevel-item--2-2" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-2-2" class="menu-label">Lakhmir Singh And Manjit Kaur Solutions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/lakhmir-singh-and-manjit-kaur-solutions/cbse-class-10" class="noarrow">Lakhmir Singh And Manjit Kaur Class 10 Solutions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/lakhmir-singh-and-manjit-kaur-solutions/cbse-class-9" class="noarrow">Lakhmir Singh And Manjit Kaur Class 9 Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-2-3" name="flevel-item--2-3" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-2-3" class="menu-label">P S Verma and V K Agarwal Solutions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/p-s-verma-and-v-k-agarwal-solutions/cbse-class-9" class="noarrow">P S Verma and V K Agarwal Class 9 Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-2-4" name="flevel-item--2-4" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-2-4" class="menu-label">Frank Solutions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/frank-solutions/icse-class-10" class="noarrow">Frank Solutions for Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/frank-solutions/icse-class-9" class="noarrow">Frank Solutions for Class 9</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-2-5" name="flevel-item--2-5" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-2-5" class="menu-label">T S Grewal Solutions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/t-s-grewal-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce" class="noarrow">T S Grewal Solutions for class 12 commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/t-s-grewal-solutions/cbse-class-11-commerce" class="noarrow">T S Grewal Solutions for class 11 commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="item3" name="item3" hidden=""> <label for="item3" class="menu-label">Study Materials</label> <ul class="flevel-menu"> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-3-0" name="flevel-item--3-0" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-3-0" class="menu-label">CBSE</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-0" name="slevel-item3-0-0" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-0" class="menu-label">CBSE Sample Papers</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-1" name="slevel-item3-0-1" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-1" class="menu-label">CBSE Revision Notes</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 6 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 7 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 8 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 9 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 10 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 11 Science Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 11 Commerce Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 12 Science Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 12 Commerce Revision Notes</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-2" name="slevel-item3-0-2" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-2" class="menu-label">CBSE MCQs</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 11 Science </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 11 Commerce </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 12 Science </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 12 Commerce </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-3" name="slevel-item3-0-3" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-3" class="menu-label">CBSE Video Lessons</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-4" name="slevel-item3-0-4" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-4" class="menu-label">CBSE Syllabus</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-5" name="slevel-item3-0-5" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-5" class="menu-label">CBSE Fill in the Blanks</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-fib" class="noarrow">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-fib" class="noarrow">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-fib" class="noarrow">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-fib" class="noarrow">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-fib" class="noarrow">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-6" name="slevel-item3-0-6" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-6" class="menu-label">CBSE Important Questions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 11 science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 11 commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 12 science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 12 commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-7" name="slevel-item3-0-7" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-7" class="menu-label">CBSE Subjective Questions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 11 science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 11 commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 12 science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 12 commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-8" name="slevel-item3-0-8" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-8" class="menu-label">CBSE Practice Test</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 11 science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 11 commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 12 science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 12 commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-3-1" name="flevel-item--3-1" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-3-1" class="menu-label">ICSE</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-0" name="slevel-item3-1-0" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-0" class="menu-label">ICSE Sample Papers</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-sample-papers" class="noarrow">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-sample-papers" class="noarrow">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-sample-papers" class="noarrow">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-sample-papers" class="noarrow">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-sample-papers" class="noarrow">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-1" name="slevel-item3-1-1" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-1" class="menu-label">ICSE Video Lessons</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-videos" class="noarrow">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-videos" class="noarrow">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-videos" class="noarrow">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-videos" class="noarrow">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-videos" class="noarrow">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-2" name="slevel-item3-1-2" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-2" class="menu-label">ICSE Revision Notes</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-revision-notes" class="noarrow">ICSE Class 6 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-revision-notes" class="noarrow">ICSE Class 7 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-revision-notes" class="noarrow">ICSE Class 8 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-revision-notes" class="noarrow">ICSE Class 9 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-revision-notes" class="noarrow">ICSE Class 10 Revision Notes</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-3" name="slevel-item3-1-3" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-3" class="menu-label">ICSE Syllabus</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-syllabus" class="noarrow">ICSE Syllabus for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-syllabus" class="noarrow">ICSE Syllabus for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-syllabus" class="noarrow">ICSE Syllabus for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-syllabus" class="noarrow">ICSE Syllabus for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-syllabus" class="noarrow">ICSE Syllabus for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-4" name="slevel-item3-1-4" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-4" class="menu-label">ICSE Important Questions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-miq" class="noarrow">ICSE Important Questions for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-miq" class="noarrow">ICSE Important Questions for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-miq" class="noarrow">ICSE Important Questions for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-miq" class="noarrow">ICSE Important Questions for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-miq" class="noarrow">ICSE Important Questions for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-5" name="slevel-item3-1-5" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-5" class="menu-label">ICSE MCQs</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-mcq" class="noarrow">ICSE MCQs for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-mcq" class="noarrow">ICSE MCQs for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-mcq" class="noarrow">ICSE MCQs for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-mcq" class="noarrow">ICSE MCQs for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-mcq" class="noarrow">ICSE MCQs for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-6" name="slevel-item3-1-6" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-6" class="menu-label">ICSE True or False</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-tnf" class="noarrow">ICSE True or False for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-tnf" class="noarrow">ICSE True or False for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-tnf" class="noarrow">ICSE True or False for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-tnf" class="noarrow">ICSE True or False for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-tnf" class="noarrow">ICSE True or False for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-7" name="slevel-item3-1-7" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-7" class="menu-label">ICSE Subjective Questions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-saq" class="noarrow">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-saq" class="noarrow">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq" class="noarrow">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-saq" class="noarrow">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-saq" class="noarrow">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-8" name="slevel-item3-1-8" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-8" class="menu-label">ICSE Practice Test</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-practice-test" class="noarrow">ICSE Practice Test for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-practice-test" class="noarrow">ICSE Practice Test for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-practice-test" class="noarrow">ICSE Practice Test for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-practice-test" class="noarrow">ICSE Practice Test for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-practice-test" class="noarrow">ICSE Practice Test for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-3-2" name="flevel-item--3-2" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-3-2" class="menu-label">JEE Main</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/diagnostic-test" class="noarrow">JEE Main Diagnostic Test</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/mock-test" class="noarrow">JEE Main Mock Test</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/videos" class="noarrow">JEE Main Video Lessons</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/main-previous-year-papers" class="noarrow">JEE Main Previous Year Question Papers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/webinar" class="noarrow">JEE Main Webinar</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/main-syllabus" class="noarrow">JEE Main Syllabus</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/advanced-syllabus" class="noarrow">JEE Advanced Syllabus</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-3-3" name="flevel-item--3-3" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-3-3" class="menu-label">NEET</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/diagnostic-test" class="noarrow">NEET Diagnostic Test</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/mock-test" class="noarrow">NEET Mock Test</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/videos" class="noarrow">NEET Video Lessons</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/previous-year-papers" class="noarrow">NEET Previous Year Question Papers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/syllabus" class="noarrow">NEET Syllabus</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-3-4" name="flevel-item--3-4" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-3-4" class="menu-label">Foundation</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/foundation-class-9" class="noarrow">class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/foundation-class-10" class="noarrow">class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="item4" name="item4" hidden=""> <label for="item4" class="menu-label">Entrance Exams</label> <ul class="flevel-menu"> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-4-0" name="flevel-item--4-0" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-4-0" class="menu-label">JEE Main</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/chemistry" class="noarrow">Chemistry</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/maths" class="noarrow">Maths</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/physics" class="noarrow">Physics</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-4-1" name="flevel-item--4-1" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-4-1" class="menu-label">NEET</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/biology" class="noarrow">Biology</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/chemistry" class="noarrow">Chemistry</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/physics" class="noarrow">Physics</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="item5" name="item5" hidden=""> <label for="item5" class="menu-label">Explore</label> <ul class="flevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/about-us" class="noarrow">About Us</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/doubts-solutions/all-questions/" class="noarrow">Ask a Doubt</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/testimonials" class="noarrow">Testimonials</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/topper-faculty" class="noarrow">Our Faculties</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/careers" class="noarrow">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/blog" class="noarrow">Blog</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/contact-us" class="noarrow">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/partner-program" class="noarrow">Become a Partner</a> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/store" class="noarrow">Pricing</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="view-package"> <button class="blue-btn">View Packages</button> </div> </div>  <input type="hidden" name="onPageTimer" value="">  <div id="main-wrapper"> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/1039154/TOPLRN_ENG_DESKTOP/TOPLRN_ENG_STUDY_MATERIALS/TOPLRN_ENG_STUDY_MATERIALS_AS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_STUDY_AS_ATF_728', [[728,90],[970,90]], 'top-ad-banner') .addService(googletag.pubads()); }); } </script> <div class="max-container ad-banner" style="height: 90px"> <div id="top-ad-banner"> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('top-ad-banner'); }); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="max-container breadcrumbs-wrap"> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org/", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [{ "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "item": "https://www.topperlearning.com/" },{ "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "CBSE Class 12-commerce", "item": "https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce" },{ "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Textbook Solutions", "item": "https://www.topperlearning.com/textbook-solutions-cbse-class-12-commerce" } ,{ "@type": "ListItem", "position":4, "name": "NCERT Solutions", "item": "https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce" } ] } </script> <div class="breadcrumbs"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse">CBSE</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce">Class 12-commerce</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/textbook-solutions-cbse-class-12-commerce">CBSE Class 12-commerce Textbook Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce">NCERT Solutions</a></li> </ul> </div> <form onsubmit="favouritePage(this);return false;"> <input type="hidden" name="page_url" value="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce"> <input type="hidden" name="page_title" value="NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce - TopperLearning"> <button type="submit" id="js-bookmark"> <svg enable-background="new 0 0 24 24" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16px" fill="#fff"> <g><path d="M0,0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"/><path d="M0,0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"/></g> <g><path d="M12,17.27L18.18,21l-1.64-7.03L22,9.24l-7.19-0.61L12,2L9.19,8.63L2,9.24l5.46,4.73L5.82,21L12,17.27z"/></g> </svg><span id="bk-text">Save</span> </button> </form>  <div class="popup-overlay" id="loginModalforFavouritePage"> <div class="modal-class"> <div class="close" onclick="popclose('loginModalforFavouritePage');"> <svg height="24" width="24" fill="#707070"><path d="M6.4 19 5 17.6 10.6 12 5 6.4 6.4 5 12 10.6 17.6 5 19 6.4 13.4 12 19 17.6 17.6 19 12 13.4Z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="modal-content">  <div class="modal-title-main-div"> <h2 class="modal-title-main txtcenter"> Please Login or Sign up to continue! </h2> </div>  <div class="btn-wrap"> <button class="org-btn" onclick="location.href ='https://www.topperlearning.com/sign-in'">LOGIN</button> <button class="blue-btn" onclick="location.href='https://www.topperlearning.com/sign-up'">SIGN UP</button> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <section class="abt--tl-sec"> <div class="max-container"> <h1 class="page-title"> NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce</h1> <div class="abt-desc wdauto"> <div class="rm-wrap" id="readMore3"> <div><p>The NCERT Solutions for <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce">CBSE Class 12 Commerce</a> at <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/">TopperLearning</a> are the solved exercises for every chapter in the syllabus. Every answer is explained in detail and helps students learn each concept clearly. These solutions are not just for writing correct answers to textbook questions but are also important for understanding the subject. NCERT Solutions play an important role as most entrance exams have questions based on the concepts in the NCERT books. So, these solutions are beneficial not only in preparing for the board exams but also in the long run. For better learning and revision, students can refer to our revision notes, video lessons, textbook solutions, past years’ papers, sample papers, MCQs, MIQs etc.</p></div> </div> <button onclick="readMore(this, 'readMore3')" class="rm-btn">Read more +</button> </div> <div class="selbox-wrap"> <select aria-label="publisher" onchange="location=this.value"> <option value="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce">Select Publisher</option> <option value="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce" selected="selected" >NCERT</option> <option value="https://www.topperlearning.com/t-s-grewal-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce" >T. S. Grewal</option> <option value="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce" >RD Sharma</option> </select> </div> </div> </section> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/1039154/TOPLRN_ENG_DESKTOP/TOPLRN_ENG_STUDY_MATERIALS/TOPLRN_ENG_STUDY_MATERIALS_AS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_STUDY_AS_BTF_728', [[970,250],[970,200],[970,90],[728,90]], '673b3ddfcc0c6') .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true) .addService(googletag.pubads()); }); } </script> <div class="max-container ad-banner" style=""> <div id="673b3ddfcc0c6"> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('673b3ddfcc0c6'); }); } </script> </div> </div> <section class="textbook-soln pad20"> <div class="max-container"> <h2 class="section-title">NCERT Textbook Solutions</h2> <div class="list-wrap pad20"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce-hindi"><em><img loading="lazy" src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/hindi.svg" alt="Maths" title="Maths" width="40" height="40"></em><span>Hindi</span> <i class="bg-arrow bg-hindi"><svg height="28px" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="28px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8.59 16.59L13.17 12 8.59 7.41 10 6l6 6-6 6-1.41-1.41z"></path></svg></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce-accountancy"><em><img loading="lazy" src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/accountancy.svg" alt="Maths" title="Maths" width="40" height="40"></em><span>Accountancy</span> <i class="bg-arrow bg-accountancy"><svg height="28px" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="28px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8.59 16.59L13.17 12 8.59 7.41 10 6l6 6-6 6-1.41-1.41z"></path></svg></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce-business-studies"><em><img loading="lazy" src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/business-studies.svg" alt="Maths" title="Maths" width="40" height="40"></em><span>Business Studies</span> <i class="bg-arrow bg-business-studies"><svg height="28px" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="28px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8.59 16.59L13.17 12 8.59 7.41 10 6l6 6-6 6-1.41-1.41z"></path></svg></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce-economics"><em><img loading="lazy" src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/economics.svg" alt="Maths" title="Maths" width="40" height="40"></em><span>Economics</span> <i class="bg-arrow bg-economics"><svg height="28px" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="28px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8.59 16.59L13.17 12 8.59 7.41 10 6l6 6-6 6-1.41-1.41z"></path></svg></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce-maths"><em><img loading="lazy" src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/maths.svg" alt="Maths" title="Maths" width="40" height="40"></em><span>Maths</span> <i class="bg-arrow bg-maths"><svg height="28px" viewBox="0 0 22 22" width="28px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8.59 16.59L13.17 12 8.59 7.41 10 6l6 6-6 6-1.41-1.41z"></path></svg></i></a></li> </ul> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> </section>  <div class="abt--tl-sec"> <div class="max-container"> </div> </div>   <section class="abt--tl-sec"> <div class="max-container"> <h2 class="section-title">CBSE Class 12-commerce Frequently Asked Questions</h2> <div class="abt-desc wdauto faq-content"> <div class="accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="rd1" name="rd"> <label class="accordion-label" for="rd1">What are NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce?</label> <div class="accordion-content"><p style="text-align: justify;">TopperLearning’s NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce are a great mean to quickly refer and get the solutions to questions asked in the Exercises provided under each of the textbook chapters.CBSE Class 12-commerce NCERT Solutions are considered extremely helpful while preparing for your CBSE Class 12-commerce exams. Topperlearning study resources infuse profound knowledge, and our Textbook Solutions compiled by our subject experts are no different. All our solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce are prepared considering the latest CBSE syllabus, and they are amended from time to time. While accessing NCERT Solutions, you can view all the solutions to these NCERT Exercise questions online and can navigate between the various Science subject chapters of Biology, Physics and Chemistry.</p> </div> </div> <div class="accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="rd2" name="rd"> <label class="accordion-label" for="rd2">What are the advantages of having the CBSE Class 12-commerce NCERT Solutions?</label> <div class="accordion-content"><p style="text-align: justify;">Most students consider a subject as easy or difficult depending on how they perceive it. If your concepts are clear and you can remember the required formulae, you’re good to go. However, it is necessary for you to answer the questions in exams clearly, correctly and precisely considering the marking scheme of examinations. With the help of NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce, you get chapter-wise NCERT Solutions of each and every exercise. Thus, it helps you solve and practise the questions at your convenience and with ease. NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce helps you write your answers in the best possible manner with its Stepwise solutions. The experts have used diagrams wherever required to support the answers leaving no stone unturned so as to score good marks and acquire knowledge. They have guided you with every kind of question, preparing you fully for the final examination. NCERT Solutions can be viewed online and one can easily navigate between various Subjects like Maths, Science, Social Studies, Hindi and English.</p> </div> </div> <div class="accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="rd3" name="rd"> <label class="accordion-label" for="rd3">How to get NCERT solutions for CBSE class 12-commerce?</label> <div class="accordion-content"><p style="text-align: justify;">The NCERT textbooks are the prescribed learning material for exam preparations for students studying in any grades. During exams, you have to write complete answers to the questions, and some questions are directly from the NCERT textbook. TopperLearning’s NCERT Solutions help you boost up your learning level and score good marks in exams. Thus, for scoring high marks in your class, you need NCERT Solutions as a revision tool. NCERT Solutions are considered extremely helpful while preparing for your exams. Topperlearning study resources infuse profound knowledge and our NCERT Solutions compiled by experienced subject experts altogether makes it a one-stop destination for students to access these resources. All our solutions are prepared considering the latest CBSE syllabus, and they are amended from time to time. While accessing NCERT Solutions you can view all the solutions to these NCERT Exercise questions online and can navigate between the various Science subject chapters of Biology, Physics and Chemistry.</p> </div> </div> <div class="accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="rd4" name="rd"> <label class="accordion-label" for="rd4">How can I revise for the exam using NCERT Solutions for Class 12-commerce CBSE?</label> <div class="accordion-content"><p style="text-align: justify;">NCERT Solutions for Class 12-commerce CBSE will aid you with all the answers to questions from your textbooks and help you understand Science better. Even though Topperlearning provides you with all the important notes and resources we recommend you to start practising preparing self-notes as per the concepts you learn and revise. Making self-notes on topics you have learnt or revised recently helps a lot by boosting up your retention capabilities and helps improve your written communication skills. Revise Class 12-commerce CBSE concepts by reading the answers prepared by expert teachers for questions from the latest NCERT Solutions. With our CBSE Class 12-commerce NCERT Solutions, you can study all the chapters in detail. While going through CBSE Class 12-commerce NCERT Solutions, you will come across practical applications of many Science-based concepts. The diagrams in the answers further support you to grasp concepts. Our NCERT Solutions will not only help you to understand those concepts but will also help you to apply them in real life. To make it easier for you to study, we cover chapter-wise solutions with step-wise answers for the questions present in the recent NCERT textbooks.</p> </div> </div> </div> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "What are NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "<p style='text-align: justify;'>TopperLearning’s NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce are a great mean to quickly refer and get the solutions to questions asked in the Exercises provided under each of the textbook chapters.CBSE Class 12-commerce NCERT Solutions are considered extremely helpful while preparing for your CBSE Class 12-commerce exams. Topperlearning study resources infuse profound knowledge, and our Textbook Solutions compiled by our subject experts are no different. All our solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce are prepared considering the latest CBSE syllabus, and they are amended from time to time. While accessing NCERT Solutions, you can view all the solutions to these NCERT Exercise questions online and can navigate between the various Science subject chapters of Biology, Physics and Chemistry.</p>" } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What are the advantages of having the CBSE Class 12-commerce NCERT Solutions?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "<p style='text-align: justify;'>Most students consider a subject as easy or difficult depending on how they perceive it. If your concepts are clear and you can remember the required formulae, you’re good to go. However, it is necessary for you to answer the questions in exams clearly, correctly and precisely considering the marking scheme of examinations. With the help of NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce, you get chapter-wise NCERT Solutions of each and every exercise. Thus, it helps you solve and practise the questions at your convenience and with ease. NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce helps you write your answers in the best possible manner with its Stepwise solutions. The experts have used diagrams wherever required to support the answers leaving no stone unturned so as to score good marks and acquire knowledge. They have guided you with every kind of question, preparing you fully for the final examination. NCERT Solutions can be viewed online and one can easily navigate between various Subjects like Maths, Science, Social Studies, Hindi and English.</p>" } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "How to get NCERT solutions for CBSE class 12-commerce?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "<p style='text-align: justify;'>The NCERT textbooks are the prescribed learning material for exam preparations for students studying in any grades. During exams, you have to write complete answers to the questions, and some questions are directly from the NCERT textbook. TopperLearning’s NCERT Solutions help you boost up your learning level and score good marks in exams. Thus, for scoring high marks in your class, you need NCERT Solutions as a revision tool. NCERT Solutions are considered extremely helpful while preparing for your exams. Topperlearning study resources infuse profound knowledge and our NCERT Solutions compiled by experienced subject experts altogether makes it a one-stop destination for students to access these resources. All our solutions are prepared considering the latest CBSE syllabus, and they are amended from time to time. While accessing NCERT Solutions you can view all the solutions to these NCERT Exercise questions online and can navigate between the various Science subject chapters of Biology, Physics and Chemistry.</p>" } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "How can I revise for the exam using NCERT Solutions for Class 12-commerce CBSE?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "<p style='text-align: justify;'>NCERT Solutions for Class 12-commerce CBSE will aid you with all the answers to questions from your textbooks and help you understand Science better. Even though Topperlearning provides you with all the important notes and resources we recommend you to start practising preparing self-notes as per the concepts you learn and revise. Making self-notes on topics you have learnt or revised recently helps a lot by boosting up your retention capabilities and helps improve your written communication skills. Revise Class 12-commerce CBSE concepts by reading the answers prepared by expert teachers for questions from the latest NCERT Solutions. With our CBSE Class 12-commerce NCERT Solutions, you can study all the chapters in detail. While going through CBSE Class 12-commerce NCERT Solutions, you will come across practical applications of many Science-based concepts. The diagrams in the answers further support you to grasp concepts. Our NCERT Solutions will not only help you to understand those concepts but will also help you to apply them in real life. To make it easier for you to study, we cover chapter-wise solutions with step-wise answers for the questions present in the recent NCERT textbooks.</p>" } } ] } </script> </div> </section>  </div> <div id="ROS_AS_PG_1x1"></div> <div id="ROS_AS_PG_SLIDER_1x1"></div> <div id="ROS_AS_SKIN_OOP"></div> <div id="ROS_AS_SHOSH_OOP"></div> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/1039154/TOPLRN_ENG_DESKTOP/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_AS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_AS_PG_1x1', [[1, 1]], 'ROS_AS_PG_1x1').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/1039154/TOPLRN_ENG_DESKTOP/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_AS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_AS_PG_SLIDER_1x1', [[1, 1]], 'ROS_AS_PG_SLIDER_1x1').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/1039154/TOPLRN_ENG_DESKTOP/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_AS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_AS_SKIN_OOP', 'ROS_AS_SKIN_OOP').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/1039154/TOPLRN_ENG_DESKTOP/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_AS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_AS_SHOSH_OOP', 'ROS_AS_SHOSH_OOP').addService(googletag.pubads()); }); }); } </script> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('ROS_AS_PG_1x1'); }); googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('ROS_AS_PG_SLIDER_1x1'); }); googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('ROS_AS_SKIN_OOP'); }); googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('ROS_AS_SHOSH_OOP'); }); } </script>  <div id="back2Top" title="Back to top" onclick="scrollToTop()"> <svg id="arrow-top" width="39" height="38" viewBox="0 0 39 38"> <defs> <linearGradient id="linear-gradient" x1="0.5" x2="0.5" y2="1" gradientUnits="objectBoundingBox"> <stop offset="0" stop-color="#0473bc"/> <stop offset="0.513" stop-color="#1e8bd2"/> <stop offset="1" stop-color="#36a1e7"/> </linearGradient> </defs> <g id="Group_1356" data-name="Group 1356" transform="translate(-365.127 397) rotate(-90)"> <path id="Path_332" data-name="Path 332" d="M19,0A19.255,19.255,0,0,1,38,19.5,19.255,19.255,0,0,1,19,39,19.255,19.255,0,0,1,0,19.5,19.255,19.255,0,0,1,19,0Z" transform="translate(359 365.127)" fill="url(#linear-gradient)"/> <g id="Group_1454" data-name="Group 1454" transform="translate(1 0.5)"> <path id="Path_158" data-name="Path 158" d="M3176.379,359.4l8.131,8.657-3.049,3.246-5.082,5.41" transform="translate(-2798.311 16.225)" fill="none" stroke="#fff" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-width="3"/> <path id="Path_334" data-name="Path 334" d="M9.136,0H1" transform="translate(374.235 384.296)" fill="none" stroke="#fff" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-width="3"/> <path id="Path_333" data-name="Path 333" d="M.831,0H0" transform="translate(368.5 384.296)" fill="none" stroke="#fff" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-width="3"/> </g> </g> </svg> </div>   <button id="getintouch" onclick="popOpen('getinModal')" title="Get in Touch"> <svg id="call" width="35" height="35" viewBox="0 0 35 35"> <defs> <linearGradient id="linear-gradient1" y1="0.5" x2="1" y2="0.5" gradientUnits="objectBoundingBox"> <stop offset="0" stop-color="#f16911"/> <stop offset="1" stop-color="#ff9140"/> </linearGradient> </defs> <path id="Rectangle_95" data-name="Rectangle 95" d="M0,0H29a6,6,0,0,1,6,6V29a6,6,0,0,1-6,6H0a0,0,0,0,1,0,0V0A0,0,0,0,1,0,0Z" fill="url(#linear-gradient1)"/> <path id="Path" d="M14.012,10.465H12.267a.486.486,0,0,0-.446.293L11.074,12.5a.4.4,0,0,1-.486.217,9.143,9.143,0,0,1-6.4-7.079.372.372,0,0,1,.235-.4l1.929-.825a.485.485,0,0,0,.294-.445V2.228A2.231,2.231,0,0,0,4.412,0H1.653A1.359,1.359,0,0,0,.33,1.032,13.086,13.086,0,0,0,0,3.972,12.473,12.473,0,0,0,.227,6.4a13.156,13.156,0,0,0,9.661,10.3,13.178,13.178,0,0,0,5.218.26,1.354,1.354,0,0,0,1.136-1.342V12.693a2.231,2.231,0,0,0-2.23-2.228Z" transform="translate(9.629 8.941)" fill="#fff"/> </svg> </button>  <div class="max-container"> </div>  <footer> <div class="max-container footer-links-wrap"> <div class="ftr-column"> <div class="ftr-accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="school" name="school" aria-label="school"> <label class="ftr-heading ftr-accordion-label" for="school">Boards</label> <ul class="ftr-accordion-content ftr-links"> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse">CBSE</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse">ICSE</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="ftr-accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="entrance" name="entrance" aria-label="entrance"> <label class="ftr-heading ftr-accordion-label" for="entrance">ENTRANCE EXAMS</label> <ul class="ftr-accordion-content ftr-links"> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee">JEE Main</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet">NEET</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ftr-column"> <div class="ftr-accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="foundation" name="foundation" aria-label="foundation"> <label class="ftr-heading ftr-accordion-label" for="foundation">Foundation</label> <ul class="ftr-accordion-content ftr-links"> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/foundation-class-9">Class 9</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/foundation-class-10">Class 10</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="ftr-accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="study" name="study" aria-label="study"> <label class="ftr-heading ftr-accordion-label" for="study">STUDY RESOURCES</label> <ul class="ftr-accordion-content ftr-links">  <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/doubts-solutions/all-questions/">Ask a Doubt</a></li>  <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/sample-papers">Sample Papers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/previous-year-question-papers">Previous Year Question Papers</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ftr-column"> <div class="ftr-accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="textbook" name="textbook" aria-label="textbook"> <label class="ftr-heading ftr-accordion-label" for="textbook">FREE TEXTBOOK SOLUTIONS</label> <ul class="ftr-accordion-content ftr-links"> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions">NCERT</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions">R.D Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/textbook-solutions?ps1">R.S Aggarwal and V. Aggarwal</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/textbook-solutions?ps1">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions">Selina</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/h-c-verma-solutions/cbse-class-12-science">H.C Verma</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/lakhmir-singh-and-manjit-kaur-solutions/cbse-class-10?ps1">Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/p-s-verma-and-v-k-agarwal-solutions/cbse-class-10-biology">P.S Verma and V.K Agarwal</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/t-s-grewal-solutions/cbse-class-11-commerce-accountancy">T.S Grewal</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ftr-column"> <div class="ftr-accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="quicklinks" name="quicklinks" aria-label="quicklinks"> <label class="ftr-heading ftr-accordion-label" for="quicklinks">QUICK LINKS</label> <ul class="ftr-accordion-content ftr-links"> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/blog">Blog</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/education-partner">Partner with us</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/franchisee">For Franchisee</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/tuition-center-solutions">For Tuition Center</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/private-tutor-solutions">For Private Tutor</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/school-solutions">For Schools</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/topper-faculty">Our Faculties</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/faq">FAQ's</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/sitemap">Site Map</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/about-us">About Us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="footer-cont-info"> <div class="max-container footer-info-wrap"> <div class="ftr-left"> <div class="ftr-form-wrap"> <div class="gpay-column"> <h2 class="ftr-heading">DOWNLOAD OUR APP</h2> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/qr-code.jpg" alt="QR Code" title="QR Code" width="55" height="55"> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.topperlearning&hl=en" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/googleplay.png" alt="Googleplay" title="Googleplay" width="116" height="36"></a> </div> <div class="nws-column"> <h2 class="ftr-heading">NEWSLETTER</h2> <div class="nws-box-wrap"> <p>Get latest updates in your inbox</p> <form onsubmit="newsletterSubscription(this);return false;"> <div class="nws-input-wrap"> <input type="email" name="email" id="subscribe" placeholder="Your email id"> <button type="submit" class="btn-subscribe">Subscribe</button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ftr-cont-wrap">  <div class="reg-office"> <h2 class="ftr-heading">REGISTERED OFFICE</h2> <div class="address">First Floor, Empire Complex, 414 Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra India – 400013.</div> </div> <div class="stay-connect"> <h2 class="ftr-heading">STAY CONNECTED</h2> <div class="soc-wrap"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Topperlearning.India" rel="nofollow noopener" class="soc-circle ic-fb" target="_blank" title="Facebook"> <svg width="28.408" height="28.326" viewBox="0 0 28.408 28.326"> <path id="Subtraction_13" data-name="Subtraction 13" d="M11.562,27.242h0a13.706,13.706,0,1,1,4.285,0V17.665h3.192l.608-3.962h-3.8V11.132a1.97,1.97,0,0,1,2.193-2.139h1.767V5.621a21.247,21.247,0,0,0-3.068-.268h-.146c-3.15.06-5.03,2.053-5.03,5.331V13.7H8.083v3.962h3.479v9.576Z" transform="translate(0.5 0.5)" fill="#395196" stroke="rgba(0,0,0,0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="1"/> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/topperlearningindia/" rel="nofollow noopener" class="soc-circle ic-insta" target="_blank" title="Instagram"> <svg width="28.408" height="28.408" viewBox="0 0 28.408 28.408"> <defs> <radialGradient id="radial-gradient" cx="0.389" cy="0.756" r="1.068" gradientTransform="matrix(-0.467, 0.884, -0.884, -0.467, 1.239, 0.766)" gradientUnits="objectBoundingBox"> <stop offset="0" stop-color="#fed473"/> <stop offset="0.264" stop-color="#f35c28"/> <stop offset="0.399" stop-color="#dc2f79"/> <stop offset="0.734" stop-color="#a036ba"/> <stop offset="1" stop-color="#5b56c8"/> </radialGradient> </defs> <path id="Subtraction_11" data-name="Subtraction 11" d="M13.7,27.408A13.7,13.7,0,0,1,4.014,4.014a13.7,13.7,0,0,1,19.38,19.38A13.615,13.615,0,0,1,13.7,27.408ZM10.5,5.651A4.831,4.831,0,0,0,5.67,10.477v6.415A4.831,4.831,0,0,0,10.5,21.718H16.91a4.832,4.832,0,0,0,4.827-4.826V10.477A4.832,4.832,0,0,0,16.91,5.651ZM16.91,20.208H10.5a3.319,3.319,0,0,1-3.315-3.316V10.477A3.318,3.318,0,0,1,10.5,7.163H16.91a3.318,3.318,0,0,1,3.316,3.314v6.415A3.319,3.319,0,0,1,16.91,20.208ZM13.77,9.728a3.956,3.956,0,1,0,3.956,3.957A3.962,3.962,0,0,0,13.77,9.728ZM17.958,8.52a.942.942,0,1,0,.941.941A.943.943,0,0,0,17.958,8.52Zm-4.188,7.7A2.535,2.535,0,1,1,16.3,13.685,2.538,2.538,0,0,1,13.77,16.22Z" transform="translate(0.5 0.5)" stroke="rgba(0,0,0,0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="1" fill="url(#radial-gradient)"/> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/topperlearning" rel="nofollow noopener" class="soc-circle ic-ytube" target="_blank" title="YouTube"> <svg width="28.408" height="28.408" viewBox="0 0 28.408 28.408"> <path id="Subtraction_12" data-name="Subtraction 12" d="M13.7,27.408A13.7,13.7,0,0,1,4.014,4.014a13.7,13.7,0,0,1,19.38,19.38A13.615,13.615,0,0,1,13.7,27.408ZM9.336,8.42a3.294,3.294,0,0,0-3.29,3.29v3.916a3.3,3.3,0,0,0,3.29,3.291h8.415a3.3,3.3,0,0,0,3.29-3.291V11.711a3.294,3.294,0,0,0-3.29-3.29Zm2.834,7.436h0c-.2,0-.5-.093-.5-.222V11.8c0-.134.3-.222.5-.222a.329.329,0,0,1,.157.03l3.612,1.966a.422.422,0,0,1,.22.29.108.108,0,0,1-.062.1l-3.773,1.867A.331.331,0,0,1,12.169,15.856Z" transform="translate(0.5 0.5)" fill="#d40c18" stroke="rgba(0,0,0,0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="1"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ftr-other-links"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/about-us">About Us</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/contact-us">Contact Us</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/topper-in-press">Topper In Press</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/terms-and-conditions">Terms and Conditions</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/careers">Careers</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/testimonials">Testimonials</a> </div> </div>  </div> </div> <div class="footer-network-sites"> <div id="nw18sites" class="max-container sites-wrap"> <div class="company-ttl">NETWORK18 SITES</div> <ul> <li><a href="https://hindi.news18.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">News18 India</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">CricketNext</a></li> <li><a href="https://bengali.news18.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Bangla News</a></li> <li><a href="https://gujarati.news18.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Gujarati News</a></li> <li><a href="https://urdu.news18.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Urdu News</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.firstpost.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Firstpost</a></li> <li><a href="https://lokmat.news18.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Marathi News</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.moneycontrol.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Moneycontrol</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compareindia.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Compare India</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historyindia.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">History</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mtvindia.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">India MTV</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="copyright-wrap"> <div class="max-container copy-cont-wrap"> <div class="copy-columns"> <div class="logos"> <a href="https://www.nw18.com/home" rel="noopener" class="nw18-logo"><img loading="lazy" src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/nw18-logo.png" alt="Network18" title="Network18" width="95" height="23"></a> <a href="https://www.news18.com" rel="noopener" ><img loading="lazy" src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/news18-logo.png" alt="News18" title="News18" width="68" height="32"></a> </div> <div id="copyText" class="copy-text">Copyright Notice © 2024 Greycells18 Media Limited and its licensors. All rights reserved.</div> </div> </div> </div> </footer>  <div id="stickyBanner">  <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/1039154/TOPLRN_ENG_MWEB/TOPLRN_ENG_MWEB_STUDY_MATERIALS/TOPLRN_ENG_MWEB_STUDY_MATERIALS_AS/TOPLRN_ENG_MWEB_ROS_STUDY_AS_FBN_320', [[375,50],[360,50],[320,50],[300,50]], '673b3ddfcc1db') .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true) .addService(googletag.pubads()); }); } </script> <div class="ad-banner" style=""> <div id="673b3ddfcc1db"> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('673b3ddfcc1db'); }); } </script> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="bottomNav" class="bottom-nav"> <div class="bottom-links"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce"><i><svg width="23.59" height="23.783" viewBox="0 0 23.59 23.783"><g id="my-class" transform="translate(-475.7 -428.05)"><path id="Path_192" data-name="Path 192" d="M599.368,476.368a.747.747,0,0,0-.218.537v.252a.719.719,0,0,0,.218.529.733.733,0,0,0,.537.227.774.774,0,0,0,.755-.755V476.9a.732.732,0,0,0-.227-.537.719.719,0,0,0-.529-.218.747.747,0,0,0-.537.218" transform="translate(-102.738 -40.03)" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_193" data-name="Path 193" d="M497.922,440.768v.747a.775.775,0,0,1-.738.755h.512a.074.074,0,0,1,.084.084v1.326a.074.074,0,0,1-.084.084H483.938a.739.739,0,0,0-.109,0h-6.535a.074.074,0,0,1-.084-.084v-1.326a.074.074,0,0,1,.084-.084h12.9a.76.76,0,0,1-.73-.755v-.755h-10.5V429.644a.074.074,0,0,1,.084-.084h17.281a.074.074,0,0,1,.084.084v5.075a.719.719,0,0,0,.218.529.733.733,0,0,0,.537.227.774.774,0,0,0,.755-.755v-5.075a1.409,1.409,0,0,0-1.594-1.594H479.047a1.409,1.409,0,0,0-1.594,1.594v11.115h-.159a1.409,1.409,0,0,0-1.594,1.594v1.326a1.409,1.409,0,0,0,1.594,1.594h2.492l-1.879,5.562a.733.733,0,0,0-.008.47.78.78,0,0,0,.721.529h3.146a.725.725,0,0,0,.445-.151.685.685,0,0,0,.268-.369l1.963-6.04H491.1l1.963,6.04a.788.788,0,0,0,.721.52h3.146a.751.751,0,0,0,.713-1l-1.879-5.562H497.7a1.409,1.409,0,0,0,1.594-1.594v-1.326A1.377,1.377,0,0,0,497.922,440.768Zm-16.711,9.555h-1.544l1.711-5.05h1.476Zm14.664,0h-1.544l-1.644-5.05h1.477Z" transform="translate(0)" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_194" data-name="Path 194" d="M502.205,476.45a.745.745,0,0,0-.755.755.719.719,0,0,0,.218.529.733.733,0,0,0,.537.227h4.522a.774.774,0,0,0,.755-.755.733.733,0,0,0-.227-.537.719.719,0,0,0-.529-.218h-4.522" transform="translate(-21.43 -40.279)" fill="#f16911"/><path id="Path_195" data-name="Path 195" d="M512.792,462.66a.774.774,0,0,0,.755-.755.733.733,0,0,0-.227-.537.719.719,0,0,0-.529-.218H502.205a.745.745,0,0,0-.755.755.719.719,0,0,0,.218.529.733.733,0,0,0,.537.227h10.587" transform="translate(-21.43 -27.547)" fill="#f16911"/><path id="Path_196" data-name="Path 196" d="M516.282,447.784a.705.705,0,0,0,.227-.529.732.732,0,0,0-.227-.537.719.719,0,0,0-.529-.218H502.205a.745.745,0,0,0-.755.755.719.719,0,0,0,.218.529.733.733,0,0,0,.537.227h13.548a.706.706,0,0,0,.529-.227" transform="translate(-21.43 -15.354)" fill="#f16911"/><path id="Path_197" data-name="Path 197" d="M565.98,491.268a.72.72,0,0,0-.529-.218h-6.946a.745.745,0,0,0-.755.755v2.139a.719.719,0,0,0,.218.529.726.726,0,0,0,.512.227h6.988a.775.775,0,0,0,.738-.755V491.8A.733.733,0,0,0,565.98,491.268Zm-1.284,1.921H559.26v-.629H564.7Z" transform="translate(-68.284 -52.43)" fill="#f16911"/></g></svg></i> My Class</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-videos"><i><svg width="24.559" height="24.033" viewBox="0 0 24.559 24.033"> <g id="videos" transform="translate(-1124.45 -432.25)"><path id="Path_198" data-name="Path 198" d="M1136.44,549.478a.752.752,0,0,0-.553-.228h-9.648a.779.779,0,0,0-.789.789.753.753,0,0,0,.228.553.766.766,0,0,0,.561.237h9.648a.809.809,0,0,0,.789-.789.767.767,0,0,0-.237-.561" transform="translate(-0.825 -96.476)" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_199" data-name="Path 199" d="M1202.678,550.592a.766.766,0,0,0,.561.237h9.122a.809.809,0,0,0,.789-.789.766.766,0,0,0-.237-.561.752.752,0,0,0-.553-.228h-9.122a.779.779,0,0,0-.789.789.752.752,0,0,0,.228.553" transform="translate(-64.317 -96.476)" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_200" data-name="Path 200" d="M1256.239,489.3a.779.779,0,0,0-.789.789v.64a.752.752,0,0,0,.228.553.766.766,0,0,0,.561.237.809.809,0,0,0,.789-.789v-.64a.765.765,0,0,0-.237-.561.752.752,0,0,0-.553-.228" transform="translate(-108.02 -47.042)" fill="#006fb9"/> <path id="Path_201" data-name="Path 201" d="M1147.343,433.829a.078.078,0,0,1,.088.088v6.876a.752.752,0,0,0,.228.553.766.766,0,0,0,.561.237.809.809,0,0,0,.789-.789v-6.876a1.473,1.473,0,0,0-1.666-1.667h-21.226a1.473,1.473,0,0,0-1.667,1.667v13.157a1.473,1.473,0,0,0,1.667,1.666h21.226a1.473,1.473,0,0,0,1.666-1.666V446.2a.766.766,0,0,0-.237-.561.752.752,0,0,0-.553-.228.779.779,0,0,0-.789.789v.877a.077.077,0,0,1-.088.088h-21.226a.078.078,0,0,1-.088-.088V433.917a.078.078,0,0,1,.088-.088h21.226" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_202" data-name="Path 202" d="M1185.828,458.706a.778.778,0,0,0-.307-.4l-4.543-3.1a.794.794,0,0,0-.544-.132.807.807,0,0,0-.491.263.793.793,0,0,0-.193.526v6.192a.785.785,0,0,0,.684.781.737.737,0,0,0,.544-.132l4.543-3.1a.735.735,0,0,0,.307-.4A.722.722,0,0,0,1185.828,458.706Zm-4.5,1.851v-3.2l2.351,1.605Z" transform="translate(-45.599 -18.816)" fill="#f16911"/> <g id="Group_1369" data-name="Group 1369" transform="translate(1134.274 450.845)"> <g id="Group_1368" data-name="Group 1368" transform="translate(0 0)"> <g id="Group_1367" data-name="Group 1367"> <g id="Symbol_21_0_Layer0_0_FILL" data-name="Symbol 2 0 Layer0 0 FILL"> <path id="Path_203" data-name="Path 203" d="M1185.888,540.969a2.723,2.723,0,0,0-4.64-1.93l-.009.009a2.638,2.638,0,0,0-.789,1.921,2.71,2.71,0,0,0,4.631,1.921l.009-.009a2.593,2.593,0,0,0,.8-1.912m-1.921-.816a1.117,1.117,0,0,1,.342.816,1.079,1.079,0,0,1-.333.8l-.009.009a1.08,1.08,0,0,1-.8.333,1.119,1.119,0,0,1-.816-.342,1.083,1.083,0,0,1-.324-.8,1.121,1.121,0,0,1,.324-.807l.009-.009a1.121,1.121,0,0,1,.807-.325A1.083,1.083,0,0,1,1183.967,540.153Z" transform="translate(-1180.45 -538.25)" fill="#f16911"/> </g> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg></i> Videos</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/test-cbse-class-12-commerce"><i><svg width="23.399" height="23.783" viewBox="0 0 23.399 23.783"> <g id="tests" transform="translate(-261.2 -430.45)"><path id="Path_204" data-name="Path 204" d="M262.772,432.109a.077.077,0,0,1,.087-.087H282.94a.077.077,0,0,1,.087.087v14.249a.749.749,0,0,0,.227.55.763.763,0,0,0,.559.236.806.806,0,0,0,.786-.786V432.109a1.466,1.466,0,0,0-1.659-1.659H262.859a1.466,1.466,0,0,0-1.659,1.659v20.465a1.466,1.466,0,0,0,1.659,1.659H282.94a1.466,1.466,0,0,0,1.659-1.659v-.829a.763.763,0,0,0-.236-.559.749.749,0,0,0-.55-.227.775.775,0,0,0-.786.786v.829a.077.077,0,0,1-.087.087H262.859a.077.077,0,0,1-.087-.087V432.109" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#006fb9"/> <path id="Path_205" data-name="Path 205" d="M386.2,532.347a.748.748,0,0,0,.227.55.762.762,0,0,0,.559.236.806.806,0,0,0,.786-.786v-.611a.763.763,0,0,0-.236-.559.749.749,0,0,0-.55-.227.775.775,0,0,0-.786.786v.611" transform="translate(-103.173 -82.951)" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_206" data-name="Path 206" d="M351.154,517.047a.754.754,0,0,0-.559.21l-2.226,2.06-.917-.961a.763.763,0,0,0-.55-.244.784.784,0,0,0-.585,1.327l1.449,1.519a.78.78,0,0,0,1.1.035l2.794-2.584a.766.766,0,0,0,.253-.55.75.75,0,0,0-.209-.559.763.763,0,0,0-.55-.253" transform="translate(-70.074 -71.476)" fill="#f16911"/><path id="Path_207" data-name="Path 207" d="M352.665,454.857a.766.766,0,0,0-.568-.21.79.79,0,0,0-.751.812.765.765,0,0,0,.253.55l.777.716-.777.716a.787.787,0,0,0,.5,1.362.766.766,0,0,0,.568-.21l.864-.8.864.8a.755.755,0,0,0,.559.21.784.784,0,0,0,.506-1.362l-.777-.716.777-.716a.766.766,0,0,0,.253-.55.75.75,0,0,0-.21-.559.763.763,0,0,0-.55-.253.755.755,0,0,0-.559.21l-.864.794-.864-.794" transform="translate(-74.405 -19.972)" fill="#f16911"/><path id="Path_208" data-name="Path 208" d="M279.4,508.536a.748.748,0,0,0,.227.55.763.763,0,0,0,.559.236h8.862a.806.806,0,0,0,.786-.786.762.762,0,0,0-.236-.559.748.748,0,0,0-.55-.227h-8.862a.775.775,0,0,0-.786.786" transform="translate(-15.022 -63.802)" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_209" data-name="Path 209" d="M279.4,521.986a.748.748,0,0,0,.227.55.762.762,0,0,0,.559.236h7.046a.806.806,0,0,0,.786-.786.762.762,0,0,0-.236-.559.748.748,0,0,0-.55-.227h-7.046a.775.775,0,0,0-.786.786" transform="translate(-15.022 -74.904)" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_210" data-name="Path 210" d="M285.442,535.527a.749.749,0,0,0-.55-.227h-4.706a.775.775,0,0,0-.786.786.749.749,0,0,0,.227.55.763.763,0,0,0,.559.236h4.706a.806.806,0,0,0,.786-.786.763.763,0,0,0-.236-.559" transform="translate(-15.022 -86.541)" fill="#006fb9"/> <path id="Path_211" data-name="Path 211" d="M279.4,454.686a.749.749,0,0,0,.227.55.762.762,0,0,0,.559.236h8.862a.806.806,0,0,0,.786-.786.762.762,0,0,0-.236-.559.748.748,0,0,0-.55-.227h-8.862a.775.775,0,0,0-.786.786" transform="translate(-15.022 -19.355)" fill="#006fb9"/> <path id="Path_212" data-name="Path 212" d="M279.4,468.136a.749.749,0,0,0,.227.55.763.763,0,0,0,.559.236h7.369a.806.806,0,0,0,.786-.786.763.763,0,0,0-.236-.559.749.749,0,0,0-.55-.227h-7.369a.775.775,0,0,0-.786.786" transform="translate(-15.022 -30.457)" fill="#006fb9"/> <path id="Path_213" data-name="Path 213" d="M279.4,482.236a.749.749,0,0,0,.227.55.763.763,0,0,0,.559.236h4.706a.806.806,0,0,0,.786-.786.763.763,0,0,0-.236-.559.749.749,0,0,0-.55-.227h-4.706a.775.775,0,0,0-.786.786" transform="translate(-15.022 -42.094)" fill="#006fb9"/> </g></svg></i> Tests</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/package/cbse-class-12-commerce"><i><svg width="31" height="24" viewBox="0 0 31 24"><g id="Group_1959" data-name="Group 1959" transform="translate(0 0)"><g id="Rectangle_637" data-name="Rectangle 637" transform="translate(8 0)" fill="none" stroke="#006fb9" stroke-width="1.8"><rect width="15" height="24" rx="3" stroke="none"/><rect x="0.9" y="0.9" width="13.2" height="22.2" rx="2.1" fill="none"/> </g><g id="Rectangle_638" data-name="Rectangle 638" transform="translate(21 1)" fill="none" stroke="#006fb9" stroke-width="1.8"><path d="M0,0H7a3,3,0,0,1,3,3V19a3,3,0,0,1-3,3H0a0,0,0,0,1,0,0V0A0,0,0,0,1,0,0Z" stroke="none"/> <path d="M.9.9H7A2.1,2.1,0,0,1,9.1,3V19A2.1,2.1,0,0,1,7,21.1H.9a0,0,0,0,1,0,0V.9A0,0,0,0,1,.9.9Z" fill="none"/></g><g id="Rectangle_639" data-name="Rectangle 639" transform="translate(0 1)" fill="none" stroke="#006fb9" stroke-width="1.8"><path d="M3,0h7a0,0,0,0,1,0,0V22a0,0,0,0,1,0,0H3a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V3A3,3,0,0,1,3,0Z" stroke="none"/> <path d="M3,.9H9.1a0,0,0,0,1,0,0V21.1a0,0,0,0,1,0,0H3A2.1,2.1,0,0,1,.9,19V3A2.1,2.1,0,0,1,3,.9Z" fill="none"/></g><circle id="Ellipse_116" data-name="Ellipse 116" cx="1.5" cy="1.5" r="1.5" transform="translate(24 10)" fill="#f16911"/><circle id="Ellipse_117" data-name="Ellipse 117" cx="1.5" cy="1.5" r="1.5" transform="translate(4 10)" fill="#f16911"/><text id="_" data-name="₹" transform="translate(16 17)" fill="#f1691f" font-size="14" font-family="Helvetica"><tspan x="-3.637" y="0">₹</tspan></text></g></svg></i> Plans</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-answer"><i><svg width="26.593" height="24.213" viewBox="0 0 26.593 24.213"> <g id="ask-doubts" transform="translate(-1552.6 -435.65)"><path id="Path_221" data-name="Path 221" d="M1591.4,525.246a.841.841,0,0,0-.246.606.81.81,0,0,0,.246.6.826.826,0,0,0,.606.255h.634a.873.873,0,0,0,.852-.852.826.826,0,0,0-.255-.606.812.812,0,0,0-.6-.246H1592a.842.842,0,0,0-.606.246" transform="translate(-31.254 -72.439)" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_222" data-name="Path 222" d="M1554.3,438.016a.586.586,0,0,1,.662-.662h21.861a.585.585,0,0,1,.662.662V451.9a.585.585,0,0,1-.662.662h-5.442a.868.868,0,0,0-.52.17l-5.981,4.571-.047-3.9a.838.838,0,0,0-.265-.606.82.82,0,0,0-.606-.237.84.84,0,0,0-.833.861l.066,5.6a.813.813,0,0,0,.227.568.8.8,0,0,0,.549.265.785.785,0,0,0,.587-.17l7.107-5.423h5.157a2.091,2.091,0,0,0,2.366-2.366V438.016a2.091,2.091,0,0,0-2.366-2.366h-21.861a2.091,2.091,0,0,0-2.366,2.366V451.9a2.091,2.091,0,0,0,2.366,2.366h3.36a.873.873,0,0,0,.852-.852.825.825,0,0,0-.255-.606.811.811,0,0,0-.6-.246h-3.36a.586.586,0,0,1-.662-.662Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#006fb9"/> <path id="Path_223" data-name="Path 223" d="M1618.1,510.078a.811.811,0,0,0,.246.6.826.826,0,0,0,.606.256.873.873,0,0,0,.852-.852v-.426a.827.827,0,0,0-.255-.606.811.811,0,0,0-.6-.246.84.84,0,0,0-.852.852v.426" transform="translate(-53.103 -59.305)" fill="#f16911"/> <path id="Path_224" data-name="Path 224" d="M1602.691,449.922c-.031.014-.063.026-.095.038l-.653.378a4.9,4.9,0,0,0-.568.473l-.009.01a4.442,4.442,0,0,0-.7.946.056.056,0,0,1-.009.028,3.365,3.365,0,0,0-.17.35,4.063,4.063,0,0,0-.293,1.268.828.828,0,0,0,.208.615.815.815,0,0,0,.587.284.791.791,0,0,0,.615-.208.808.808,0,0,0,.293-.577,2.242,2.242,0,0,1,.17-.738.13.13,0,0,0,.019-.047.693.693,0,0,0,.038-.095.221.221,0,0,0,.047-.076.151.151,0,0,0,.028-.047,3.1,3.1,0,0,1,.4-.511,2.7,2.7,0,0,1,.776-.53l.019-.009a2.369,2.369,0,0,1,.908-.17h.019a2.3,2.3,0,0,1,.9.17l.019.009a2.566,2.566,0,0,1,1.211,1.107c.013.018.026.034.038.047a.823.823,0,0,1,.038.1l.019.028a2.493,2.493,0,0,1,.18.965,2.311,2.311,0,0,1-.71,1.713l-.01.01a2.25,2.25,0,0,1-1.6.71.84.84,0,0,0-.823.852v2.337a.811.811,0,0,0,.246.6.827.827,0,0,0,.606.255.873.873,0,0,0,.852-.852v-1.59a3.9,3.9,0,0,0,1.94-1.117h-.01a3.955,3.955,0,0,0,1.211-2.915,4.26,4.26,0,0,0-.312-1.618l.009.028a2.243,2.243,0,0,0-.18-.379.028.028,0,0,0-.01-.009,3.756,3.756,0,0,0-.7-.946,4.271,4.271,0,0,0-.587-.492l-.634-.36a.411.411,0,0,1-.057-.028l-.057-.019-.038-.019a4.048,4.048,0,0,0-1.542-.293h-.019a4.051,4.051,0,0,0-1.543.293Z" transform="translate(-38.583 -11.31)" fill="#f16911"/> </g></svg></i> Ask a Doubt</a> </div> </div>   <script> window.addEventListener('scroll', function() { document.getElementById('hbar-stdpack').style.display = "block"; }, { once: true }); </script>   <div class="popup-overlay" id="getinModal"> <div class="modal-class"> <div class="close" onclick="popclose('getinModal');"> <svg height="24" width="24" fill="#707070"><path d="M6.4 19 5 17.6 10.6 12 5 6.4 6.4 5 12 10.6 17.6 5 19 6.4 13.4 12 19 17.6 17.6 19 12 13.4Z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="modal-title-main-div"> <h3 class="modal-title-main"> Get in Touch </h3> </div>  <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row-wrap"> <div class="ic-wrap"> <svg width="47" height="47" viewBox="0 0 47 47"> <g id="courseware-plans" transform="translate(2.567 -40)"> <g id="Ellipse_67" data-name="Ellipse 67" transform="translate(-2.567 40)" fill="none" stroke="#006fb9" stroke-width="1.5"> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="23.5" stroke="none"/> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="22.75" fill="none"/> </g> <g id="Group_1467" data-name="Group 1467" transform="translate(-89 -133.579)"> <g id="Group_1466" data-name="Group 1466" transform="translate(96.432 185.578)"> <path id="Path_341" data-name="Path 341" d="M1271.586,345.426H1249.87a2.009,2.009,0,0,0-2.27,2.281v14.1a2.006,2.006,0,0,0,2.27,2.27h21.716a2.006,2.006,0,0,0,2.27-2.27v-14.1A2.009,2.009,0,0,0,1271.586,345.426Zm.286,16.384a.253.253,0,0,1-.286.286H1249.87a.253.253,0,0,1-.286-.286v-14.1a.26.26,0,0,1,.286-.3h21.716a.26.26,0,0,1,.286.3Z" transform="translate(-1247.6 -345.426)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_342" data-name="Path 342" d="M1292.954,443.712a.944.944,0,0,0-.694-.286h-8.969a.978.978,0,0,0-.992.992.944.944,0,0,0,.286.694.964.964,0,0,0,.705.3h8.969a1.017,1.017,0,0,0,.992-.992.962.962,0,0,0-.3-.705" transform="translate(-1274.654 -421.831)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_343" data-name="Path 343" d="M1299.19,432.112a.944.944,0,0,0-.694-.286h-4.055a.978.978,0,0,0-.992.992.945.945,0,0,0,.286.694.964.964,0,0,0,.705.3h4.055a1.017,1.017,0,0,0,.992-.992.962.962,0,0,0-.3-.705" transform="translate(-1283.346 -412.787)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_344" data-name="Path 344" d="M1288.287,400.012a.964.964,0,0,0,.705.3h10.07a1.017,1.017,0,0,0,.992-.992.962.962,0,0,0-.3-.705.944.944,0,0,0-.694-.286h-10.07a.979.979,0,0,0-.992.992.945.945,0,0,0,.287.694" transform="translate(-1279.097 -386.669)" fill="#f16912"/> <path id="Path_345" data-name="Path 345" d="M1273.319,400.309a1.017,1.017,0,0,0,.992-.992.961.961,0,0,0-.3-.705.944.944,0,0,0-.694-.286h-.727a.978.978,0,0,0-.992.992.945.945,0,0,0,.286.694.964.964,0,0,0,.705.3h.727" transform="translate(-1266.311 -386.669)" fill="#f16912"/> <path id="Path_346" data-name="Path 346" d="M1274.013,383.112a.944.944,0,0,0-.694-.286h-.727a.978.978,0,0,0-.992.992.945.945,0,0,0,.286.694.964.964,0,0,0,.705.3h.727a1.017,1.017,0,0,0,.992-.992.962.962,0,0,0-.3-.705" transform="translate(-1266.311 -374.585)" fill="#f16912"/> <path id="Path_347" data-name="Path 347" d="M1288.992,382.826a.979.979,0,0,0-.992.992.945.945,0,0,0,.287.694.963.963,0,0,0,.705.3h10.07a1.017,1.017,0,0,0,.992-.992.962.962,0,0,0-.3-.705.944.944,0,0,0-.694-.286h-10.07" transform="translate(-1279.097 -374.585)" fill="#f16912"/> <path id="Path_348" data-name="Path 348" d="M1288.992,367.326a.979.979,0,0,0-.992.992.945.945,0,0,0,.287.694.964.964,0,0,0,.705.3h10.07a1.017,1.017,0,0,0,.992-.992.962.962,0,0,0-.3-.705.944.944,0,0,0-.694-.286h-10.07" transform="translate(-1279.097 -362.5)" fill="#f16912"/> <path id="Path_349" data-name="Path 349" d="M1274.013,367.612a.944.944,0,0,0-.694-.286h-.727a.978.978,0,0,0-.992.992.945.945,0,0,0,.286.694.964.964,0,0,0,.705.3h.727a1.017,1.017,0,0,0,.992-.992.961.961,0,0,0-.3-.705" transform="translate(-1266.311 -362.5)" fill="#f16912"/> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="get-cont"> <span>For Study Material Plans</span> <br>9AM - 9PM IST (All days) </div> </div> <div class="row-wrap"> <div class="ic-wrap"><svg width="47" height="47" viewBox="0 0 47 47"> <g id="For_Support-Grievances" data-name="For Support-Grievances" transform="translate(2.567 -130)"> <g id="Ellipse_68" data-name="Ellipse 68" transform="translate(-2.567 130)" fill="none" stroke="#006fb9" stroke-width="1.5"> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="23.5" stroke="none"/> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="22.75" fill="none"/> </g> <g id="Group_1469" data-name="Group 1469" transform="translate(-94 -49)"> <g id="Group_1468" data-name="Group 1468" transform="translate(104.433 189)"> <path id="Path_350" data-name="Path 350" d="M1145.75,352.467v-4.547a2.338,2.338,0,0,0-2.645-2.645h-11.461a2.338,2.338,0,0,0-2.645,2.645v21.662a2.338,2.338,0,0,0,2.645,2.645h11.461a2.338,2.338,0,0,0,2.645-2.645v-3.212l-.34.34V366.7l-1.927,1.94v.945a.334.334,0,0,1-.378.378h-11.461a.334.334,0,0,1-.378-.378V347.921a.334.334,0,0,1,.378-.378h.63v.5a2.338,2.338,0,0,0,2.645,2.645h5.038a2.338,2.338,0,0,0,2.645-2.645v-.5h.5a.334.334,0,0,1,.378.378v4.547Zm-5.416-4.421a.334.334,0,0,1-.378.378h-5.038a.334.334,0,0,1-.378-.378v-.5h5.793Z" transform="translate(-1129 -345.276)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_351" data-name="Path 351" d="M1170.441,373.826H1159.6a2.649,2.649,0,0,0-3,3v6.511q0,2.985,3,2.985h2.116v3.363a1.08,1.08,0,0,0,.328.793,1.1,1.1,0,0,0,.806.34,1.061,1.061,0,0,0,.793-.34l.491-.479,1.927-1.94v.013l.34-.34,1.411-1.411h2.632a2.638,2.638,0,0,0,2.985-2.985v-6.511Q1173.426,373.822,1170.441,373.826Zm.718,9.509a.635.635,0,0,1-.718.718h-3.1a1.122,1.122,0,0,0-.806.327l-2.078,2.078-.479.491v-1.763a1.1,1.1,0,0,0-.34-.806,1.079,1.079,0,0,0-.793-.327H1159.6a.642.642,0,0,1-.73-.718v-6.511a.646.646,0,0,1,.73-.73h10.844a.642.642,0,0,1,.718.73Z" transform="translate(-1149.648 -366.635)" fill="#f16912"/> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="get-cont"> <span>For Support / Grievances</span> <br>9AM - 9PM IST (Mon to Sat) </div> </div> <div class="row-wrap"> <div class="ic-wrap"> <svg width="47" height="47" viewBox="0 0 47 47"> <g id="Request_Call_Back" data-name="Request Call Back" transform="translate(2.567 -218)"> <g id="Ellipse_69" data-name="Ellipse 69" transform="translate(-2.567 218)" fill="none" stroke="#006fb9" stroke-width="1.5"> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="23.5" stroke="none"/> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="22.75" fill="none"/> </g> <g id="Group_1472" data-name="Group 1471" transform="translate(-89 41.368)"> <g id="Group_1478" data-name="Group 1470" transform="translate(96.433 189)"> <g id="Layer2_1_FILL" data-name="Layer2 0 FILL"> <path id="Path_352" data-name="Path 352" d="M1029.177,348.859l.954-1a1,1,0,1,0-1.442-1.375l-2.551,2.7-.011.011a.04.04,0,0,1-.022.011.036.036,0,0,1-.011.022.979.979,0,0,0-.233.477.151.151,0,0,1,0,.033l-.011.133v.011c0,.009,0,.017,0,.022a.966.966,0,0,0,.3.688l.011.011,2.64,2.6a.956.956,0,0,0,.7.288.974.974,0,0,0,.71-.3.991.991,0,0,0-.011-1.409l-.932-.921,4.314-.022a.8.8,0,0,1,.9.909V356a.95.95,0,0,0,.288.7.97.97,0,0,0,.71.3,1.023,1.023,0,0,0,1-1v-4.259a2.562,2.562,0,0,0-2.895-2.906Z" transform="translate(-1011.975 -345.908)" fill="#f16912"/> <path id="Path_353" data-name="Path 353" d="M967.963,344.975a.984.984,0,0,0-.7.255l-3.361,3.05a1.115,1.115,0,0,0-.255.377,4.222,4.222,0,0,0,.422,4.1q4.351,9.827,15.073,15.34l.011.011a6,6,0,0,0,4.381.466.937.937,0,0,0,.532-.266l3.061-3.039a.962.962,0,0,0,.3-.71.973.973,0,0,0-.288-.71l-5.324-5.357a1.019,1.019,0,0,0-1.409-.011l-2.052,1.963a16.423,16.423,0,0,1-6.755-6.788l1.985-2.019a.95.95,0,0,0,.288-.7.986.986,0,0,0-.288-.71l-4.936-4.969a.981.981,0,0,0-.688-.288m-2.529,4.614,2.462-2.241,3.572,3.594-1.808,1.83a1.008,1.008,0,0,0-.277.555.966.966,0,0,0,.1.61,18.317,18.317,0,0,0,8.64,8.618.932.932,0,0,0,.588.078.92.92,0,0,0,.521-.255l1.852-1.775,3.926,3.949-2.13,2.119a4.314,4.314,0,0,1-2.684-.266l-.067-.033q-10.169-5.208-14.275-14.5a1.045,1.045,0,0,0-.089-.177A2.334,2.334,0,0,1,965.434,349.589Z" transform="translate(-963.306 -344.974)" fill="#006fba"/> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="get-cont"> <span>Request Call Back </span> <div class="form-group"> <form onsubmit="requestCallBack(this);return false;"> <input type="text" name="phone_number" placeholder="Enter mobile number" class="inputbox" required> <input type="hidden" name="url" value="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce"> <button type="submit" class="blue-btn btn-submit">Submit</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-wrap"> <div class="ic-wrap"> <svg width="47" height="47" viewBox="0 0 47 47"> <g id="write-to-us" transform="translate(2.567 -290)"> <g id="Ellipse_70" data-name="Ellipse 70" transform="translate(-2.567 290)" fill="none" stroke="#006fb9" stroke-width="1.5"> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="23.5" stroke="none"/> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="22.75" fill="none"/> </g> <g id="Group_1473" data-name="Group 1473" transform="translate(-87.278 111.182)"> <g id="Group_1474" data-name="Group 1472" transform="translate(96.433 189)"> <path id="Path_354" data-name="Path 354" d="M844.462,356.147h0a1.385,1.385,0,0,1,.262-.023h10.833a1.05,1.05,0,0,0,1.024-1.024.994.994,0,0,0-.307-.728.975.975,0,0,0-.717-.3H844.724a3.157,3.157,0,0,0-.671.068q-2,.332-2,2.685v16.795q0,2.321,1.991,2.663a3.326,3.326,0,0,0,.683.068h16.84a2.414,2.414,0,0,0,2.731-2.731V363.384a.993.993,0,0,0-.307-.728.974.974,0,0,0-.717-.3,1.01,1.01,0,0,0-1.024,1.024v10.241a.6.6,0,0,1-.683.683h-16.84a1.422,1.422,0,0,1-.262-.023h0a.62.62,0,0,1-.364-.66V356.83q0-.542.364-.683" transform="translate(-842.05 -351.914)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_355" data-name="Path 355" d="M883.048,345.44a.059.059,0,0,1-.011-.011,2.607,2.607,0,0,0-1.934-.853,2.71,2.71,0,0,0-1.969.762l-12.937,12.3a1.14,1.14,0,0,0-.171.239l-2.31,4.938a.813.813,0,0,0-.057.467.773.773,0,0,0,.626.649.714.714,0,0,0,.467-.046l5.007-2.116a.664.664,0,0,0,.239-.159L882.945,349.3a2.644,2.644,0,0,0,.842-1.912v-.011A2.719,2.719,0,0,0,883.048,345.44Zm-.854,1.912a1.083,1.083,0,0,1-.353.8h.011l-12.835,12.209-2.981,1.252,1.377-2.924,12.824-12.2a1.16,1.16,0,0,1,.842-.319,1.073,1.073,0,0,1,.785.341l.011.011a1.207,1.207,0,0,1,.319.819Z" transform="translate(-858.732 -344.575)" fill="#f16912"/> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="get-cont"> <a class="org-btn" href="mailto:contactus.topperlearning@nw18.com" title="WRITE TO US">WRITE TO US</a> </div> </div> <div class="row-wrap"> <div class="ic-wrap"> <svg width="47" height="47" viewBox="0 0 47 47"> <g id="For_Franchisee_Enquiries" data-name="For Franchisee Enquiries" transform="translate(2.567 -349)"> <g id="Ellipse_71" data-name="Ellipse 71" transform="translate(-2.567 349)" fill="none" stroke="#006fb9" stroke-width="1.5"> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="23.5" stroke="none"/> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="22.75" fill="none"/> </g> <g id="Group_1475" data-name="Group 1475" transform="translate(-91.204 170.303)"> <g id="Group_1476" data-name="Group 1474" transform="translate(98.432 189)"> <path id="Path_356" data-name="Path 356" d="M715.259,433.288a1.157,1.157,0,0,0-.214-.3,2.774,2.774,0,0,0-.227-.252,3.013,3.013,0,0,0-1.3-.781,3.265,3.265,0,0,0-.87-.126h-.038a3.165,3.165,0,0,0-.857.113,3.068,3.068,0,0,0-1.361.794v.013a3.125,3.125,0,0,0,2.218,5.331,3.141,3.141,0,0,0,3.125-3.125A3.028,3.028,0,0,0,715.259,433.288Zm-1.689,2.621a1.28,1.28,0,0,1-.958.4,1.31,1.31,0,0,1-.958-.391l-.013-.013a1.318,1.318,0,0,1-.378-.958,1.36,1.36,0,0,1,.378-.97h.013a1.308,1.308,0,0,1,.958-.391h.025a1.3,1.3,0,0,1,.933.391.274.274,0,0,1,.05.063,1.749,1.749,0,0,0,.139.176,1.236,1.236,0,0,1,.214.731A1.28,1.28,0,0,1,713.571,435.909Z" transform="translate(-699.128 -411.082)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_357" data-name="Path 357" d="M743.893,420.732a2.953,2.953,0,0,0-2.205-.907h-.013a3.134,3.134,0,0,0-1.386.315,3.368,3.368,0,0,0-.643.441,1.168,1.168,0,0,0-.214.2,3.862,3.862,0,0,0-.441.555,3.131,3.131,0,0,0-.441,1.6v.013a3.138,3.138,0,0,0,2.407,3.025,1.206,1.206,0,0,0,.454.076c.058,0,.117,0,.176,0a.483.483,0,0,0,.088.013,2.98,2.98,0,0,0,2.218-.933h.013a2.975,2.975,0,0,0,.907-2.18A3.025,3.025,0,0,0,743.893,420.732Zm-1.248,3.151v.013a1.3,1.3,0,0,1-.958.4q-.126-.01-.252-.013l-.025-.013a1.388,1.388,0,0,1-1.1-1.311v-.013a1.392,1.392,0,0,1,.416-.97.311.311,0,0,0,.063-.063,1.283,1.283,0,0,1,.895-.328h.013a1.273,1.273,0,0,1,.945.391,1.319,1.319,0,0,1,.4.97A1.262,1.262,0,0,1,742.646,423.883Z" transform="translate(-720.856 -402.106)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_358" data-name="Path 358" d="M755.968,391.583a3.134,3.134,0,0,0-4.411,0v.013a3.06,3.06,0,0,0-.794,1.323,3.488,3.488,0,0,0,0,1.764,3.063,3.063,0,0,0,.794,1.323,2.988,2.988,0,0,0,2.205.92,3.076,3.076,0,0,0,1.7-.492,1.145,1.145,0,0,0,.252-.2l.013-.013a1.409,1.409,0,0,0,.24-.214,2.985,2.985,0,0,0,.92-2.205A3.025,3.025,0,0,0,755.968,391.583Zm-1.248,3.176a.412.412,0,0,1-.088.088q-.054.044-.113.088l.038-.013-.038.025a1.293,1.293,0,0,1-.756.214,1.266,1.266,0,0,1-.945-.391l-.013-.013a1.3,1.3,0,0,1-.391-.945v-.038a1.331,1.331,0,0,1,.391-.945h.013a1.264,1.264,0,0,1,.945-.391,1.3,1.3,0,0,1,.958.391,1.32,1.32,0,0,1,.4.97A1.28,1.28,0,0,1,754.721,394.759Z" transform="translate(-729.906 -380.304)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_359" data-name="Path 359" d="M743.918,362.533a2.983,2.983,0,0,0-2.18-.907h-.013a3.012,3.012,0,0,0-2.231.907,2.98,2.98,0,0,0-.895,2.205v.013a3.126,3.126,0,0,0,.315,1.386,3.228,3.228,0,0,0,.479.693.819.819,0,0,0,.113.1l.013.013a3.265,3.265,0,0,0,.6.479,3.094,3.094,0,0,0,3.793-.479,2.916,2.916,0,0,0,.857-1.575v.05a1.206,1.206,0,0,0,.038-.4c.009-.046.018-.1.025-.151a.766.766,0,0,0,.013-.126A3,3,0,0,0,743.918,362.533Zm-.87,2.407v.113a1.42,1.42,0,0,1-1.323,1.046,1.342,1.342,0,0,1-.97-.416l-.088-.088a1.267,1.267,0,0,1-.3-.857v-.013a1.289,1.289,0,0,1,.378-.945,1.324,1.324,0,0,1,.97-.391h.013a1.29,1.29,0,0,1,.945.391,1.328,1.328,0,0,1,.416.907Q743.065,364.83,743.048,364.94Z" transform="translate(-720.893 -358.576)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_360" data-name="Path 360" d="M686.323,421.59a2.783,2.783,0,0,0-.454-.668v-.013a.03.03,0,0,1-.013-.013,1.208,1.208,0,0,0-.139-.151,3.051,3.051,0,0,0-.58-.466,2.93,2.93,0,0,0-1.6-.454h-.013a2.944,2.944,0,0,0-2.205.907l-.013.013a2.946,2.946,0,0,0-.907,2.205v.013a3.12,3.12,0,0,0,3.125,3.1h.013a3.033,3.033,0,0,0,2.193-.907.055.055,0,0,1,.013-.013,3.1,3.1,0,0,0,.844-1.55.249.249,0,0,0,.013-.088,1.587,1.587,0,0,0,.025-.265c.008-.086.012-.183.013-.29A2.973,2.973,0,0,0,686.323,421.59Zm-1.462,1.55c0,.03,0,.06,0,.088a.106.106,0,0,0,0,.013,1.447,1.447,0,0,1-.365.655l-.013.013a1.347,1.347,0,0,1-.958.391h-.013a1.355,1.355,0,0,1-1.348-1.348v-.013a1.25,1.25,0,0,1,.391-.945l.013-.013a1.249,1.249,0,0,1,.945-.391h.013a1.255,1.255,0,0,1,.933.391.27.27,0,0,1,.025.025c.022.028.043.053.063.076a1.246,1.246,0,0,1,.328.87A1.169,1.169,0,0,1,684.861,423.14Z" transform="translate(-677.362 -402.106)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_361" data-name="Path 361" d="M674.462,392.919a3.118,3.118,0,0,0-3-2.243,3.047,3.047,0,0,0-2.218.907v.013a3.127,3.127,0,0,0,3.882,4.852,1.167,1.167,0,0,0,.3-.214,1.988,1.988,0,0,0,.239-.227,2.9,2.9,0,0,0,.794-1.323,3.15,3.15,0,0,0,0-1.764Zm-1.638.895a1.283,1.283,0,0,1-.4.945.149.149,0,0,1-.05.05,1.744,1.744,0,0,0-.176.139,1.239,1.239,0,0,1-.731.214,1.31,1.31,0,0,1-.958-.391l-.013-.013a1.318,1.318,0,0,1-.378-.958,1.36,1.36,0,0,1,.378-.97h.013a1.361,1.361,0,0,1,2.319.945Z" transform="translate(-668.35 -380.304)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_362" data-name="Path 362" d="M685.706,362.545l-.013-.013a2.953,2.953,0,0,0-2.205-.907h-.013a3.04,3.04,0,0,0-2.205.907v.013a3.059,3.059,0,0,0-.92,2.18v.013a3,3,0,0,0,.92,2.205,3.06,3.06,0,0,0,1.575.87.24.24,0,0,0,.038.013,1.964,1.964,0,0,0,.3.025c.089.007.181.012.277.013h.013a2.938,2.938,0,0,0,1.361-.3,2.616,2.616,0,0,0,.567-.365.487.487,0,0,0,.164-.139.472.472,0,0,0,.1-.113,2.742,2.742,0,0,0,.466-.58,3.022,3.022,0,0,0,.466-1.613v-.013A3.019,3.019,0,0,0,685.706,362.545Zm-.87,2.193a1.323,1.323,0,0,1-.416.958.33.33,0,0,1-.063.076.058.058,0,0,1-.025.025,1.182,1.182,0,0,1-.844.3h-.013a1.076,1.076,0,0,1-.176-.013h-.1a1.435,1.435,0,0,1-.681-.391,1.32,1.32,0,0,1-.4-.945v-.013a1.419,1.419,0,0,1,.4-.958h.013a1.308,1.308,0,0,1,.958-.391h.013a1.283,1.283,0,0,1,.945.391,1.326,1.326,0,0,1,.391.945Z" transform="translate(-677.325 -358.575)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_363" data-name="Path 363" d="M715.259,350.988a1.157,1.157,0,0,0-.214-.3,2.774,2.774,0,0,0-.227-.252,3,3,0,0,0-2.205-.907,3.047,3.047,0,0,0-2.218.907v.013a3.165,3.165,0,0,0,0,4.411l.013.013a3,3,0,0,0,1.348.781,3.2,3.2,0,0,0,.857.113h.038a3.308,3.308,0,0,0,.87-.126,3.035,3.035,0,0,0,1.3-.769v-.013a2.985,2.985,0,0,0,.92-2.205A3.028,3.028,0,0,0,715.259,350.988Zm-1.676,2.621h-.013a1.31,1.31,0,0,1-.933.391h-.025a1.33,1.33,0,0,1-.958-.378l-.013-.013a1.328,1.328,0,0,1-.378-.958,1.36,1.36,0,0,1,.378-.97h.013a1.369,1.369,0,0,1,1.916,0,.273.273,0,0,1,.05.063,1.749,1.749,0,0,0,.139.176,1.236,1.236,0,0,1,.214.731A1.31,1.31,0,0,1,713.583,353.609Z" transform="translate(-699.128 -349.526)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_364" data-name="Path 364" d="M707.345,382.043a3.488,3.488,0,0,1,0-1.764h-3.289a3.847,3.847,0,0,0-.6-1.4.016.016,0,0,0,0-.013l2.268-2.357a3.267,3.267,0,0,1-.6-.479l-.013-.013a.819.819,0,0,1-.113-.1,3.228,3.228,0,0,1-.479-.693l-2.331,2.42a4.071,4.071,0,0,0-1.3-.529v-3.34a3.308,3.308,0,0,1-.87.126h-.038a3.205,3.205,0,0,1-.857-.113V377.1a4.051,4.051,0,0,0-1.475.618l-2.344-2.268a2.743,2.743,0,0,1-.466.58.47.47,0,0,1-.1.113.488.488,0,0,1-.164.139,2.617,2.617,0,0,1-.567.365l2.42,2.344a4.1,4.1,0,0,0-.529,1.285H692.6a3.152,3.152,0,0,1,0,1.764h3.277a3.99,3.99,0,0,0,.6,1.474l-2.218,2.319a3.053,3.053,0,0,1,.58.466,1.206,1.206,0,0,1,.139.151.03.03,0,0,0,.013.013v.013a2.784,2.784,0,0,1,.454.668l2.294-2.394a3.9,3.9,0,0,0,1.374.542v3.226a3.166,3.166,0,0,1,.857-.113h.038a3.266,3.266,0,0,1,.87.126v-3.251a3.747,3.747,0,0,0,1.437-.618l2.306,2.231a3.858,3.858,0,0,1,.441-.554,1.165,1.165,0,0,1,.214-.2,3.362,3.362,0,0,1,.643-.441l-2.382-2.294a3.918,3.918,0,0,0,.542-1.361Zm-5.457-.87v.025a1.828,1.828,0,0,1-.466,1.26l-.1.1a1.845,1.845,0,0,1-1.336.555h-.013a1.841,1.841,0,0,1-1.336-.542l-.025-.025a1.822,1.822,0,0,1-.542-1.348v-.038a1.79,1.79,0,0,1,.529-1.273.973.973,0,0,0,.113-.139,1.875,1.875,0,0,1,1.26-.454H700a1.9,1.9,0,0,1,1.285.5l.025.025.013.013a1.951,1.951,0,0,1,.176.2h.013c.021.045.042.087.063.126a1.72,1.72,0,0,1,.315,1Z" transform="translate(-686.488 -367.664)" fill="#f16912"/> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="get-cont"> <span>For Franchisee Enquiries</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="popup-overlay" id="cbseModal"> <div class="modal-class"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="menu-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-1">- Class 1</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-2">- Class 2</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-3">- Class 3</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-4">- Class 4</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-5">- Class 5</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6">- Class 6</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7">- Class 7</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8">- Class 8</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9">- Class 9</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10">- Class 10</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science">- Class 11 Science</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce">- Class 11 Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science">- Class 12 Science</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce">- Class 12 Commerce</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="popup-overlay" id="icseModal"> <div class="modal-class"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="menu-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-1">- Class 1</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-2">- Class 2</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-3">- Class 3</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-4">- Class 4</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-5">- Class 5</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6">- Class 6</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7">- Class 7</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8">- Class 8</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9">- Class 9</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10">- Class 10</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="popup-overlay" id="searchModal"> <div class="modal-class"> <div class="search-wrap-mb"> <div class="gcse-search"> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <input type="hidden" id="courseId" value="1"> <input type="hidden" id="boardId" value="101"> <input type="hidden" id="classId" value="504"> <input type="hidden" id="subjectId" value=""> <input type="hidden" id="chapterId" value=""> <input type="hidden" id="topicId" value="">  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/css/subject-style.css?v=5.55" data-async="true">  <script src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/js/scripts.min.js?v=5.55" defer></script>  <script> const completeCheckLogin = new Event('completeCheckLogin'); const completeCheckAccess = new Event('completeCheckAccess'); async function checkLogin() { var url = "https://www.topperlearning.com/ajax-request/check_login"; var formData = new FormData; var response = await fetch(url, { method: "POST", data: formData }); var res = await response.json(); pageData.is_user_logged_in = res.is_user_logged_in; if(res.cart_items_count > 0) { document.getElementById('cart-number').style.display = "flex"; document.getElementById('cart-number').innerHTML = res.cart_items_count; } if(res.has_subscription){ localStorage.setItem('showAds', 0); }else{ localStorage.setItem('showAds', 1); } if(res.is_user_logged_in) { if(res.last_name == null) { res.last_name = ''; } var fullName = res.first_name+" "+res.last_name; document.getElementById('usernameDesktop').innerHTML = fullName; document.getElementById('usernameMobile').innerHTML = fullName; document.getElementById('userBoardClassMobile').innerHTML = res.board_name+" "+res.class_name; if(isMobile){ document.getElementById('al-user-details').style.display = "block"; document.getElementById('al-login-wrap').style.display = "block"; document.getElementById('bl-user-details').style.display = "none"; document.getElementById('bl-login-wrap').style.display = "none"; }else{ document.getElementById('afl-box').style.display = "inline-block"; document.getElementById('bfl-box').style.display = "none"; } } window.dispatchEvent(completeCheckLogin); } checkLogin(); async function checkAccess(){ var formData = new FormData(); formData.append('element_id', elementId); formData.append('board_id', boardId); formData.append('class_id', classId); formData.append('subject_id', subjectId); formData.append('question_type', questionType); formData.append('chapterId', chapterId); formData.append('isVideo', isVideo); formData.append('videoType', videoTypeCheck); formData.append('videoLevel', videoLevel); var url = "https://www.topperlearning.com/ajax-request/check_access"; var response = await fetch(url, { method: "POST", body: formData }); var response = await response.json(); pageData.is_user_subscribed = response.data.is_allow; pageData.non_logged_in = response.data.non_logged_in; pageData.message = response.data.message; pageData.sub_count = response.data.subs_count; window.dispatchEvent(completeCheckAccess); } window.addEventListener('completeCheckLogin', function(){ if(elementId > 0){ checkAccess(); } if (pageData.is_user_logged_in == 1) { window.addEventListener('beforeunload', function (e) { setTimeout(function() { userMonitoring(); // Call the API before the page unloads or redirects }, 0); }); } }); // Update the count down every 1 var pageTime = 0; var x = setInterval(async function() { pgTimeHours = Math.floor(pageTime / 3600); pgTimeMinutes = Math.floor(pageTime / 60); pgTimeSeconds = pageTime - pgTimeMinutes * 60; pgTimeHours = pgTimeHours < 10 ? "0" + pgTimeHours : pgTimeHours; pgTimeMinutes = pgTimeMinutes < 10 ? "0" + pgTimeMinutes : pgTimeMinutes; pgTimeSeconds = pgTimeSeconds < 10 ? "0" + pgTimeSeconds : pgTimeSeconds; totalTimeOnPage = pgTimeHours+':'+pgTimeMinutes +':'+pgTimeSeconds; document.querySelector('input[name="onPageTimer"]').value= totalTimeOnPage; pageTime++; }, 1000); async function userMonitoring() { var time = document.querySelector('input[name="onPageTimer"]').value; var formData = new FormData(); formData.append('element_id', elementId); formData.append('board_id', boardId); formData.append('class_id', classId); formData.append('subject_id', subjectId); formData.append('question_type', questionType); formData.append('chapter_id', chapterId); formData.append('topic_id', topicId); formData.append('content_id', contentId); formData.append('ref_url', pageUrl); formData.append('activity_time', time); formData.append('is_static_content', isStaticContent); // formData.append('is_consumption', isConsumption); // formData.append('consumptionTime', consumptionTime); formData.append('seoTitle', seoTitle); formData.append('pdfData', JSON.stringify(pdfData)); formData.append('videoData', JSON.stringify(videoData)); formData.append('html_content_consumption', htmlContentConsumption); var url = "https://www.topperlearning.com/ajax-request/user_journey_mapping"; var response = await fetch(url, { method: "POST", body: formData }); } </script>     <script> window._izq = window._izq || []; window._izq.push(["init"]); </script> <script> window.addEventListener("scroll", function () { let izootoScript = document.createElement("script"); izootoScript.src = "https://cdn.izooto.com/scripts/c79560c657492a2bc9e0aca93191450a16c1f75e.js"; izootoScript.async = true; document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(izootoScript); }, {once: true}); </script> <script> window._izq.push(["userProfile",{"add":{ "Category": ["cbse-class-12-commerce"]} }]); </script>   <script> function googleSearch(){ let cseScript = document.createElement("script"); cseScript.src = "//www.google.com/cse/cse.js?cx=009289799245032594579:rhbwjoogx6g"; cseScript.async = true; document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(cseScript); // document.getElementById("gsc-i-id1").addEventListener("click", function(){ } document.getElementById("cseInput").addEventListener("click", function(){ googleSearch(); }, {once: true}); document.getElementById("mobileSearchBtn").addEventListener("click", function(){ googleSearch(); }, {once: true}); </script>   <script> window.addEventListener("scroll", function () { let jivoScript = document.createElement("script"); jivoScript.async = true; jivoScript.src = "//code.jivosite.com/widget.js"; jivoScript.setAttribute("data-jv-id", 'pZ7R0sMph0') document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(jivoScript); }, {once: true}); </script>  <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "WebPage", "name": "NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce - TopperLearning", "description": "Access detailed NCERT and solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce Macroeconomics. Familiarize yourself with the exam format and boost your chances of success.", "keywords":"NCERT solutions for class 12-commerce, NCERT class 12-commerce solutions, ncert class 12-commerce, class 12-commerce solutions, CBSE Class 12-commerce Solutions, TopperLearning", "url" : "https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce" } </script> <script> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { var lazyBackgrounds = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(".lazy-background")); if ("IntersectionObserver" in window && "IntersectionObserverEntry" in window && "intersectionRatio" in window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype) { let lazyBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries, observer) { entries.forEach(function(entry) { if (entry.isIntersecting) { entry.target.classList.add("visible"); lazyBackgroundObserver.unobserve(entry.target); } }); }); lazyBackgrounds.forEach(function(lazyBackground) { lazyBackgroundObserver.observe(lazyBackground); }); } }); </script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"169254e235","applicationID":"1555572485","transactionName":"MVNaZ0BRV0RWWkINDAgZbUFbH1pYWU1ECw8KU0pAHUYIGEVcUREPB0QXZ1dITXVYVl03DApYFkNaQA==","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":22,"atts":"HRRZEQhLREo=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12-commerce - TopperLearning