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ค่าเอฟ - วิกิพีเดีย
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<div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance 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user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-รูรับแสงยังผลและความสว่าง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#รูรับแสงยังผลและความสว่าง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>รูรับแสงยังผลและความสว่าง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-รูรับแสงยังผลและความสว่าง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ความหมายในการหารความยาวโฟกัส" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ความหมายในการหารความยาวโฟกัส"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ความหมายในการหารความยาวโฟกัส</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ความหมายในการหารความยาวโฟกัส-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ค่าที" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ค่าที"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ค่าที</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ค่าที-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ตารางค่าเอฟมาตรฐาน" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ตารางค่าเอฟมาตรฐาน"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>ตารางค่าเอฟมาตรฐาน</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ตารางค่าเอฟมาตรฐาน-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ตารางค่าเอฟมาตรฐาน subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ตารางค่าเอฟมาตรฐาน-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ขั้นละ_1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ขั้นละ_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>ขั้นละ 1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ขั้นละ_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ขั้นละ_1/2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ขั้นละ_1/2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>ขั้นละ 1/2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ขั้นละ_1/2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ขั้นละ_1/3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ขั้นละ_1/3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>ขั้นละ 1/3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ขั้นละ_1/3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ขั้นละ_1/4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ขั้นละ_1/4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>ขั้นละ 1/4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ขั้นละ_1/4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-0≤Av≤5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#0≤Av≤5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>0≤A<sub>v</sub>≤5</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-0≤Av≤5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-5≤Av≤10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#5≤Av≤10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>5≤A<sub>v</sub>≤10</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-5≤Av≤10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ค่าเอฟ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 35 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-nommer" title="F-nommer – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="F-nommer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="عدد البؤرة – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عدد البؤرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Лік дыяфрагмы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лік дыяфрагмы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Относителна апертура – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Относителна апертура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AB-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="এফ-নাম্বার – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এফ-নাম্বার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_f" title="Nombre f – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nombre f" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonov%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo" title="Clonové číslo – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Clonové číslo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blendenzahl" title="Blendenzahl – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Blendenzahl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%86%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Αριθμός διαφράγματος ανοίγματος – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αριθμός διαφράγματος ανοίγματος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-number" title="F-number – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="F-number" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativa_truo_de_objektivo" title="Relativa truo de objektivo – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Relativa truo de objektivo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_f_(%C3%B3ptica)" title="Número f (óptica) – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Número f (óptica)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_zenbakia_(optika)" title="F zenbakia (optika) – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="F zenbakia (optika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%81" title="ضریب اف – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ضریب اف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aukkosuhde" title="Aukkosuhde – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aukkosuhde" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouverture_(photographie)" title="Ouverture (photographie) – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ouverture (photographie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-uimhir" title="F-uimhir – ไอริช" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="F-uimhir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ไอริช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93" title="יחס מיקוד – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יחס מיקוד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="फोकस अनुपात – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फोकस अनुपात" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81%D6%84" title="Հարաբերական անցք – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարաբերական անցք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukaan_(fotografi)" title="Bukaan (fotografi) – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bukaan (fotografi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lj%C3%B3sop" title="Ljósop – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ljósop" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapporto_focale" title="Rapporto focale – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rapporto focale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%E5%80%A4" title="F値 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="F値" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_%EA%B0%92" title="F 값 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="F 값" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_skai%C4%8Dius" title="F skaičius – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="F skaičius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C-%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="എഫ്-സംഖ്യ – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എഫ്-സംഖ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombor_f_(fotografi)" title="Nombor f (fotografi) – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nombor f (fotografi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diafragmagetal" title="Diafragmagetal – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Diafragmagetal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Относительное отверстие – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Относительное отверстие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonov%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo" title="Clonové číslo – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Clonové číslo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="குவிய விகிதம் – ทมิฬ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குவிய விகிதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ทมิฬ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-stop" title="F-stop – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="F-stop" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Діафрагмове число – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Діафрагмове число" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E6%AF%94" title="焦比 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="焦比" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q862169#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับหน้าเนื้อหา (ไม่มีหน้านี้) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>อภิปราย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เปลี่ยนรูปแบบภาษา" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ดู"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:F-number" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q862169" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Aperture_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Aperture_diagram.svg/300px-Aperture_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Aperture_diagram.svg/450px-Aperture_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Aperture_diagram.svg/600px-Aperture_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="204" /></a><figcaption> พื้นที่รับแสงลดลงทีละครึ่งในขณะที่ค่าเอฟเพิ่มขึ้น 1.4 เท่า</figcaption></figure> <p><b>ค่าเอฟ</b> (f-number หรือ f-stop) คือค่าที่คำนวณจากการหาร<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="ความยาวโฟกัส">ความยาวโฟกัส</a>ของเลนส์ด้วยขนาด<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87" title="รูรับแสง">รูรับแสง</a>ยังผล ใช้เป็นดัชนีเพื่อระบุความสว่างของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="เลนส์ (ทัศนศาสตร์)">เลนส์</a> โดยทั่วไปแล้วสามารถถือได้ว่ายิ่งค่าเอฟน้อย เลนส์ก็จะยิ่งสว่าง (= แสงผ่านเลนส์ได้มากขึ้น) และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ความเร็วชัตเตอร์">ความเร็วชัตเตอร์</a>ก็จะยิ่งเร็วขึ้น </p><p>f ของค่าเอฟมาจากคำว่า focus โดยทั่วไปอาจเขียนแสดงเป็น <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}"></span>/N (มักใช้เอฟเล็กหางงอ) โดยที่ N ในที่นี้คือค่าเอฟ เช่น <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}"></span>/1.4, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}"></span>/2, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}"></span>/2.8 เป็นต้น </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="รูรับแสงยังผลและความสว่าง"><span id=".E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.9A.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.9C.E0.B8.A5.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.A7.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87"></span>รูรับแสงยังผลและความสว่าง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: รูรับแสงยังผลและความสว่าง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ขนาดรูรับแสงยังผลคือเส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางที่กลุ่มรังสีคู่ขนานฉายจากแหล่งกำเนิดแสงแบบจุดเข้าสู่เลนส์ โดยถือว่าแหล่งกำเนิดแสงแบบจุดนั้นอยู่ที่ระยะอนันต์บน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87" title="แกนเชิงแสง">แกนเชิงแสง</a>ของเลนส์ ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างขนาดรูรับแสงยังผลกับค่าเอฟคือ </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N={\frac {f}{\Phi }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>f</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N={\frac {f}{\Phi }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7f6b877cee07e4e378f774528cbc31e8f185d045" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:7.676ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N={\frac {f}{\Phi }}}"></span> </p><p>โดย </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>N</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5e3890c981ae85503089652feb48b191b57aae3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N}"></span>: ค่าเอฟ</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {f}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {f}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a30ee3dcce76b389647a05b812535cfbfe17d196" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {f}}"></span>: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="ความยาวโฟกัส">ความยาวโฟกัส</a></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\Phi }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\Phi }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/27c10d16fbdb7c08bdb901169e7547ef5e9621bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\Phi }}"></span>: ขนาดรูรับแสงยังผล</li></ul> <p>รูรับแสงใหญ่ขึ้นหมายถึงสามารถรวบรวมแสงได้มากขึ้น รูรับแสงยังผลจะเป็น <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1/{\sqrt {2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1/{\sqrt {2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/75a0bbdb60fcb73ac67d9970a5eb0808b87fd37d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.423ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1/{\sqrt {2}}}"></span> เมื่อพื้นที่สำหรับรวบรวมแสงลดลงครึ่งหนึ่ง ดังนั้น ถ้าค่าเอฟเป็น <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4afc1e27d418021bf10898eb44a7f5f315735ff" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.098ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}}"></span> เท่า ความสว่างจะลงครึ่งหนึ่ง </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ความหมายในการหารความยาวโฟกัส"><span id=".E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A2.E0.B9.83.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A7.E0.B9.82.E0.B8.9F.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.AA"></span>ความหมายในการหารความยาวโฟกัส</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ความหมายในการหารความยาวโฟกัส"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>ความสว่างของภาพจริงถูกกำหนดตาม ค่าเอฟ</li> <li>เมื่อนำค่านี้ไปคูณด้วยเวลาเปิดรับแสงจะได้ค่าปริมาณแสง</li> <li>ขนาดของภาพจริงจะแปรผันตามความยาวโฟกัส</li></ul> <p>พื้นที่ภาพที่เกิดจากเลนส์จะขยายตามสัดส่วนกำลังสองของความยาวโฟกัส ในทางกลับกัน ปริมาณแสงที่ตกกระทบบนเลนส์จะเป็นสัดส่วนกับพื้นที่ยังผลของเลนส์ พื้นที่ยังผลของเลนส์แปรตามกำลังสองของเส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางยังผล ดังนั้น ปริมาณแสง (ความสว่าง) ต่อพื้นที่ภาพจึงแปรผกผันกับกำลังสองของความยาวโฟกัส และแปรผันกับกำลังสองของเส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางยังผล นั่นคือ แปรตามกำลังสองของ (เส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางยังผล/ความยาวโฟกัส) ≡ 1/กำลังสองของเลขเอฟ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ค่าที"><span id=".E0.B8.84.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B5"></span>ค่าที</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ค่าที"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>แม้ว่าค่าเอฟจะใช้กันอย่างแพร่หลายเป็นตัวบ่งชี้ความสว่างของเลนส์ แต่ก็ไม่สามารถพูดถึงการประมาณ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87" title="การเปิดรับแสง">การเปิดรับแสง</a>อย่างถูกต้องโดยใช้เพียงค่าเอฟเนื่องจากปัจจัยต่าง ๆ เช่น <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ความส่งผ่าน">ความส่งผ่าน</a>ของเลนส์ </p><p>เมื่อความส่งผ่านของเลนส์กลายเป็นปัญหา ในกรณีของการสะท้อนแสงของพื้นผิวในสมัยที่ยังไม่มีเทคโนโลยีการเคลือบผิว เช่น หากการส่งผ่านของพื้นผิวหนึ่งเท่ากับ 95% เลนส์ที่ประกอบด้วย 6 ชิ้นใน 4 กลุ่มจะมี 4 กลุ่ม = 8 พื้นผิวถึงประมาณ 66% (0.95 ยกกำลัง 8 คือ 0.6634...) ของปริมาณแสงเท่านั้นที่ส่งผ่าน นี่เป็นปัญหาสำหรับระบบเชิงแสงที่พบได้ เช่นในระบบที่มีแผ่นกรองแสง เช่น เลนส์ <a href="/w/index.php?title=STF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STF (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">STF</a> ดัชนีที่ระบุความสว่างจริงที่คำนึงถึงการส่งผ่านของระบบเชิงแสงเรียกว่า <b>ค่าที</b> (t-stop) โดยความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างค่า t กับค่า f คือ </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t={\frac {f}{\sqrt {\mathcal {T}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>f</mi> <msqrt> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">T</mi> </mrow> </msqrt> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t={\frac {f}{\sqrt {\mathcal {T}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/886c28c6f9ef4386cd147c408eba2e4127e0d210" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:8.646ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t={\frac {f}{\sqrt {\mathcal {T}}}}}"></span> </p><p>โดยในที่นี้ <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">T</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8236d074e42310f5dc24d1d2b5b8f5981c3e87ba" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.936ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}}"></span> คือค่าความส่งผ่าน </p><p>เลนส์ถ่ายภาพยนตร์ระดับสูงบางรุ่นจะแสดงค่าทีบน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87" title="แผ่นช่องรับแสง">แผ่นช่องรับแสง</a> </p><p>อย่างไรก็ดี ด้วยความก้าวหน้าในเทคโนโลยีการเคลือบผิว การสะท้อนที่ผิวจึงลดลง และมาตรวัดค่าแสง TTL ซึ่งวัดปริมาณแสงหลังจากที่ผ่านเลนส์ไปแล้วก็กลายเป็นเรื่องธรรมดา ดังนั้นโดยทั่วไปแล้วความแตกต่างระหว่างค่าเอฟและค่าทีจึงอาจถือว่าไม่ใช่ปัญหา </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ตารางค่าเอฟมาตรฐาน"><span id=".E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.84.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.B2.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.9F.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.90.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99"></span>ตารางค่าเอฟมาตรฐาน</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F&action=edit&section=4" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ตารางค่าเอฟมาตรฐาน"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ค่าเอฟที่พบได้บ่อยมักแสดงเป็นขั้น ๆ ดังที่จะแสดงในตารางต่อไปนี้ โดยเทียบกับค่า <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A_{v}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A_{v}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3cd85529417776f1ae43598d068b5ed468a4b704" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.773ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A_{v}}"></span> (aperture value) ของ <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEX (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">APEX</a> โดยที่ </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A_{v}=2\log _{2}N}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⁡<!-- --></mo> <mi>N</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A_{v}=2\log _{2}N}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b2baa9452145a30fab11271e4f87db957b44b29d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.897ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A_{v}=2\log _{2}N}"></span> (หรือ <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N={\sqrt {2^{A_{v}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msup> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N={\sqrt {2^{A_{v}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ff070ab2fd92fd322bd9f9939222decf84aac1ce" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.925ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N={\sqrt {2^{A_{v}}}}}"></span>)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ขั้นละ_1"><span id=".E0.B8.82.E0.B8.B1.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B0_1"></span>ขั้นละ 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F&action=edit&section=5" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ขั้นละ 1"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>A<sub>v</sub> </th> <td>-2 </td> <td>-1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCFFCD"> <th>N </th> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.7 </td> <td>1.0 </td> <td>1.4 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2.8 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5.6 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>45 </td> <td>64 </td> <td>90 </td> <td>128 </td> <td>180 </td> <td>256 </td></tr> <tr> <th>ค่าคำนวณ </th> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.707… </td> <td>1.0 </td> <td>1.414… </td> <td>2.0 </td> <td>2.828… </td> <td>4.0 </td> <td>5.657… </td> <td>8.0 </td> <td>11.31… </td> <td>16.0 </td> <td>22.62… </td> <td>32.0 </td> <td>45.25… </td> <td>64.0 </td> <td>90.51… </td> <td>128.0 </td> <td>181.02… </td> <td>256.0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ขั้นละ_1/2"><span id=".E0.B8.82.E0.B8.B1.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B0_1.2F2"></span>ขั้นละ 1/2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F&action=edit&section=6" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ขั้นละ 1/2"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>A<sub>v</sub> </th> <td>-1 </td> <td>−0.5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1.5 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5.5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6.5 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7.5 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8.5 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9.5 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10.5 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11.5 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12.5 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>13.5 </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC"> <th>N </th> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">0.7 </td> <td>0.8 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">1.0 </td> <td>1.2 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">1.4 </td> <td>1.7 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">2 </td> <td>2.4 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">2.8 </td> <td>3.3 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">4 </td> <td>4.8 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">5.6 </td> <td>6.7 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">8 </td> <td>9.5 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">11 </td> <td>13 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">16 </td> <td>19 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">22 </td> <td>27 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">32 </td> <td>38 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">45 </td> <td>54 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">64 </td> <td>76 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">90 </td> <td>107 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">128 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ขั้นละ_1/3"><span id=".E0.B8.82.E0.B8.B1.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B0_1.2F3"></span>ขั้นละ 1/3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F&action=edit&section=7" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ขั้นละ 1/3"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>A<sub>v</sub> </th> <td>−1 </td> <td>−0.7 </td> <td>−0.3 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.3 </td> <td>0.7 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1.3 </td> <td>1.7 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2.3 </td> <td>2.7 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3.3 </td> <td>3.7 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4.3 </td> <td>4.7 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5.3 </td> <td>5.7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6.3 </td> <td>6.7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7.3 </td> <td>7.7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8.3 </td> <td>8.7 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9.3 </td> <td>9.7 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10.3 </td> <td>10.7 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11.3 </td> <td>11.7 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12.3 </td> <td>12.7 </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e5d1cb"> <th>N </th> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">0.7 </td> <td>0.8 </td> <td>0.9 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">1.0 </td> <td>1.1 </td> <td>1.2 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">1.4 </td> <td>1.6 </td> <td>1.8 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">2 </td> <td>2.2 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">2.8 </td> <td>3.2 </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">4 </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td>5.0 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">5.6 </td> <td>6.3 </td> <td>7.1 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">11 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">16 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>20 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">22 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>29 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">32 </td> <td>36 </td> <td>40 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">45 </td> <td>51 </td> <td>57 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">64 </td> <td>72 </td> <td>80 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">90 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ขั้นละ_1/4"><span id=".E0.B8.82.E0.B8.B1.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B0_1.2F4"></span>ขั้นละ 1/4</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F&action=edit&section=8" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ขั้นละ 1/4"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="0≤Av≤5"><span id="0.E2.89.A4Av.E2.89.A45"></span>0≤A<sub>v</sub>≤5</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F&action=edit&section=9" title="แก้ไขส่วน: 0≤Av≤5"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>A<sub>v</sub> </th> <td>0 </td> <td>0.25 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.75 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1.25 </td> <td>1.5 </td> <td>1.75 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2.25 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td>2.75 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3.25 </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td>3.75 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4.25 </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td>4.75 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#5D8AA8"> <th>N </th> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">1.0 </td> <td>1.1 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">1.2 </td> <td>1.3 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">1.4 </td> <td>1.5 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">1.7 </td> <td>1.8 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">2 </td> <td>2.2 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">2.4 </td> <td>2.6 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">2.8 </td> <td>3.1 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">3.4 </td> <td>3.7 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">4 </td> <td>4.4 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">4.8 </td> <td>5.2 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">5.6 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#5D8AA8"> <th>มินอลต้า </th> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">1.0<sub>0</sub> </td> <td>1.0<sub>1</sub> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">1.0<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>1.0<sub>3</sub> </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">1.4<sub>0</sub> </td> <td>1.4<sub>1</sub> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">1.4<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>1.4<sub>3</sub> </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">2.0<sub>0</sub> </td> <td>2.0<sub>1</sub> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">2.0<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>2.0<sub>3</sub> </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">2.8<sub>0</sub> </td> <td>2.8<sub>1</sub> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">2.8<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>2.8<sub>3</sub> </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">4.0<sub>0</sub> </td> <td>4.0<sub>1</sub> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">4.0<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>4.0<sub>3</sub> </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">5.6<sub>0</sub> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="5≤Av≤10"><span id="5.E2.89.A4Av.E2.89.A410"></span>5≤A<sub>v</sub>≤10</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F&action=edit&section=10" title="แก้ไขส่วน: 5≤Av≤10"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>A<sub>v</sub> </th> <td>5 </td> <td>5.25 </td> <td>5.5 </td> <td>5.75 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6.25 </td> <td>6.5 </td> <td>6.75 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7.25 </td> <td>7.5 </td> <td>7.75 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8.25 </td> <td>8.5 </td> <td>8.75 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9.25 </td> <td>9.5 </td> <td>9.75 </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#5D8AA8"> <th>N </th> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">5.6 </td> <td>6.2 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">6.7 </td> <td>7.3 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">8 </td> <td>8.7 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">9.5 </td> <td>10 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">16 </td> <td>17 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">19 </td> <td>32 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">22 </td> <td>25 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">27 </td> <td>29 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">32 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#5D8AA8"> <th>มินอลต้า </th> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">5.6<sub>0</sub> </td> <td>5.6<sub>1</sub> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">5.6<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>5.6<sub>3</sub> </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">8.0<sub>0</sub> </td> <td>8.0<sub>1</sub> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">8.0<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>8.0<sub>3</sub> </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">11<sub>0</sub> </td> <td>11<sub>1</sub> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">11<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>11<sub>3</sub> </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">16<sub>0</sub> </td> <td>16<sub>1</sub> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">16<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>16<sub>3</sub> </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">22<sub>0</sub> </td> <td>22<sub>1</sub> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;">22<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>22<sub>3</sub> </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;">32<sub>0</sub> </td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7b49c6fb46‐jckgp Cached time: 20241111085924 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.051 seconds Real time usage: 0.222 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 116/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 2/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip 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