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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Health information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subscription_model" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subscription_model"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Subscription model</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subscription_model-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">KEGG</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="موسوعة كيوتو للجينات والمجينات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موسوعة كيوتو للجينات والمجينات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Encyclopedia_of_Genes_and_Genomes" title="Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%DA%98%D9%86_%D9%88_%DA%98%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88" title="دانش نامه ژن و ژنوم کیوتو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانش نامه ژن و ژنوم کیوتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG_PATHWAY_Database" title="KEGG PATHWAY Database – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="KEGG PATHWAY Database" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="കെഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കെഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Encyclopedia_of_Genes_and_Genomes" title="Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மரபணுக்கள் மற்றும் மரபணுத்தொகுதிகளின் கியோத்தோ கலைக்களஞ்சியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மரபணுக்கள் மற்றும் மரபணுத்தொகுதிகளின் கியோத்தோ கலைக்களஞ்சியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="KEGG" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q909442#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:KEGG" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:"><caption class="infobox-title summary">KEGG</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KEGG_database_logo.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/KEGG_database_logo.gif/175px-KEGG_database_logo.gif" decoding="async" width="175" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/KEGG_database_logo.gif/263px-KEGG_database_logo.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/KEGG_database_logo.gif/350px-KEGG_database_logo.gif 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="267" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Content</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Description</th><td class="infobox-data">Bioinformatics resource for deciphering the genome</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">Organisms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">All</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Contact</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Research_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Research center">Research center</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_University" title="Kyoto University">Kyoto University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Laboratory</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kanehisa.jp/">Kanehisa Laboratories</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Primary citation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10592173">10592173</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Release date</th><td class="infobox-data">1995</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Access</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kegg.jp/">www<wbr />.kegg<wbr />.jp</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Web_service" title="Web service">Web service</a> URL</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/REST" title="REST">REST</a> see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kegg.jp/kegg/rest/">KEGG API</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender">Tools</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">Web</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kegg.jp/kegg/mapper.html">KEGG Mapper</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>KEGG</b> (<b>Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes</b>) is a collection of databases dealing with <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genomes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biological_pathway" title="Biological pathway">biological pathways</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">diseases</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drug" title="Drug">drugs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">chemical substances</a>. KEGG is utilized for <a href="/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">bioinformatics</a> research and education, including data analysis in <a href="/wiki/Genomics" title="Genomics">genomics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metagenomics" title="Metagenomics">metagenomics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metabolomics" title="Metabolomics">metabolomics</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Omics" title="Omics">omics</a> studies, modeling and simulation in <a href="/wiki/Systems_biology" title="Systems biology">systems biology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Translational_research" title="Translational research">translational research</a> in <a href="/wiki/Drug_development" title="Drug development">drug development</a>. </p><p>The KEGG database project was initiated in 1995 by <a href="/wiki/Minoru_Kanehisa" title="Minoru Kanehisa">Minoru Kanehisa</a>, professor at the Institute for Chemical Research, <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_University" title="Kyoto University">Kyoto University</a>, under the then ongoing Japanese <a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Program</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10592173_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10592173-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid9287494_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9287494-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foreseeing the need for a computerized resource that can be used for biological interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Genome_project" title="Genome project">genome sequence data</a>, he started developing the KEGG PATHWAY database. It is a collection of manually drawn KEGG pathway maps representing experimental knowledge on <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a> and various other functions of the <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cell</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organism</a>. Each pathway map contains a network of molecular interactions and reactions and is designed to link <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a> in the genome to <a href="/wiki/Gene_product" title="Gene product">gene products</a> (mostly <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a>) in the pathway. This has enabled the analysis called KEGG pathway mapping, whereby the gene content in the genome is compared with the KEGG PATHWAY database to examine which pathways and associated functions are likely to be encoded in the genome. </p><p>According to the developers, KEGG is a "computer representation" of the <a href="/wiki/Biological_system" title="Biological system">biological system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16381885_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16381885-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It integrates building blocks and wiring diagrams of the system—more specifically, genetic building blocks of genes and proteins, chemical building blocks of <a href="/wiki/Small_molecule" title="Small molecule">small molecules</a> and reactions, and wiring diagrams of molecular interaction and reaction networks. This concept is realized in the following databases of KEGG, which are categorized into systems, genomic, chemical, and health information.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid24214961_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid24214961-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Systems information <ul><li>PATHWAY: <a href="/wiki/Biological_pathway" title="Biological pathway">pathway</a> maps for cellular and organismal functions</li> <li>MODULE: modules or functional units of genes</li> <li>BRITE: hierarchical classifications of biological entities</li></ul></li> <li>Genomic information <ul><li>GENOME: complete <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genomes</a></li> <li>GENES: <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a> in the complete genomes</li> <li>ORTHOLOGY: <a href="/wiki/Ortholog" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortholog">ortholog</a> groups of genes in the complete genomes</li></ul></li> <li>Chemical information <ul><li>COMPOUND, GLYCAN: <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">chemical compounds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glycan" title="Glycan">glycans</a></li> <li>REACTION, RPAIR, RCLASS: <a href="/wiki/Chemical_reaction" title="Chemical reaction">chemical reactions</a></li> <li>ENZYME: <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_nomenclature" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzyme nomenclature">enzyme nomenclature</a></li></ul></li> <li>Health information <ul><li>DISEASE: human <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">diseases</a></li> <li>DRUG: <a href="/wiki/Approved_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Approved drugs">approved drugs</a></li> <li>ENVIRON: <a href="/wiki/Crude_drug" title="Crude drug">crude drugs</a> and health-related substances</li></ul></li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Databases">Databases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEGG&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Databases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Systems_information">Systems information</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEGG&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Systems information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The KEGG PATHWAY database, the wiring diagram database, is the core of the KEGG resource. It is a collection of pathway maps integrating many entities including genes, proteins, RNAs, chemical compounds, glycans, and chemical reactions, as well as disease genes and drug targets, which are stored as individual entries in the other databases of KEGG. The pathway maps are classified into the following sections: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">Metabolism</a></li> <li>Genetic information processing (<a href="/wiki/Transcription_(genetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcription (genetics)">transcription</a>, <a href="/wiki/Translation_(biology)" title="Translation (biology)">translation</a>, <a href="/wiki/DNA_replication" title="DNA replication">replication</a> and <a href="/wiki/DNA_repair" title="DNA repair">repair</a>, etc.)</li> <li>Environmental information processing (<a href="/wiki/Membrane_transport" title="Membrane transport">membrane transport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Signal_transduction" title="Signal transduction">signal transduction</a>, etc.)</li> <li>Cellular processes (<a href="/wiki/Cell_growth" title="Cell growth">cell growth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cell_death" title="Cell death">cell death</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cell_membrane" title="Cell membrane">cell membrane</a> functions, etc.)</li> <li>Organismal systems (<a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endocrine_system" title="Endocrine system">endocrine system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a>, etc.)</li> <li>Human <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_development" title="Drug development">Drug development</a></li></ul> <p>The metabolism section contains aesthetically drawn global maps showing an overall picture of metabolism, in addition to regular metabolic pathway maps. The low-resolution global maps can be used, for example, to compare metabolic capacities of different organisms in genomics studies and different environmental samples in metagenomics studies. In contrast, KEGG modules in the KEGG MODULE database are higher-resolution, localized wiring diagrams, representing tighter functional units within a pathway map, such as subpathways conserved among specific organism groups and molecular complexes. KEGG modules are defined as characteristic gene sets that can be linked to specific metabolic capacities and other <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotypic</a> features, so that they can be used for automatic interpretation of genome and metagenome data. </p><p>Another database that supplements KEGG PATHWAY is the KEGG BRITE database. It is an <a href="/wiki/Ontology_(information_science)" title="Ontology (information science)">ontology</a> database containing hierarchical classifications of various entities including genes, proteins, organisms, diseases, drugs, and chemical compounds. While KEGG PATHWAY is limited to molecular interactions and reactions of these entities, KEGG BRITE incorporates many different types of relationships. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genomic_information">Genomic information</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEGG&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Genomic information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several months after the KEGG project was initiated in 1995, the first report of the completely sequenced <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacterial</a> genome was published.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7542800_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7542800-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then all published complete genomes are accumulated in KEGG for both <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">eukaryotes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prokaryote" title="Prokaryote">prokaryotes</a>. The KEGG GENES database contains gene/protein-level information and the KEGG GENOME database contains organism-level information for these genomes. The KEGG GENES database consists of gene sets for the complete genomes, and genes in each set are given <a href="/wiki/Genome_annotation" class="mw-redirect" title="Genome annotation">annotations</a> in the form of establishing correspondences to the wiring diagrams of KEGG pathway maps, KEGG modules, and BRITE hierarchies. </p><p>These correspondences are made using the concept of <a href="/wiki/Ortholog" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortholog">orthologs</a>. The KEGG pathway maps are drawn based on experimental evidence in specific organisms but they are designed to be applicable to other organisms as well, because different organisms, such as human and mouse, often share identical pathways consisting of functionally identical genes, called orthologous genes or orthologs. All the genes in the KEGG GENES database are being grouped into such orthologs in the KEGG ORTHOLOGY (KO) database. Because the nodes (gene products) of KEGG pathway maps, as well as KEGG modules and BRITE hierarchies, are given KO identifiers, the correspondences are established once genes in the genome are annotated with KO identifiers by the <a href="/wiki/Genome_annotation" class="mw-redirect" title="Genome annotation">genome annotation</a> procedure in KEGG.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid24214961_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid24214961-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical_information">Chemical information</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEGG&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chemical information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The KEGG metabolic pathway maps are drawn to represent the dual aspects of the metabolic network: the genomic network of how genome-encoded <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a> are connected to catalyze consecutive reactions and the chemical network of how chemical structures of <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_substrate_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzyme substrate (biology)">substrates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Product_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Product (biology)">products</a> are transformed by these reactions.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23816707_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23816707-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A set of enzyme genes in the genome will identify enzyme relation networks when superimposed on the KEGG pathway maps, which in turn characterize chemical structure transformation networks allowing interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Biosynthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosynthetic">biosynthetic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation">biodegradation</a> potentials of the organism. Alternatively, a set of <a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">metabolites</a> identified in the metabolome will lead to the understanding of enzymatic pathways and enzyme genes involved. </p><p>The databases in the chemical information category, which are collectively called KEGG LIGAND, are organized by capturing knowledge of the chemical network. In the beginning of the KEGG project, KEGG LIGAND consisted of three databases: KEGG COMPOUND for chemical compounds, KEGG REACTION for chemical reactions, and KEGG ENZYME for reactions in the enzyme nomenclature.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9847234_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9847234-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, there are additional databases: KEGG GLYCAN for glycans<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16014746_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16014746-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two auxiliary reaction databases called RPAIR (reactant pair alignments) and RCLASS (reaction class).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23384306_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23384306-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> KEGG COMPOUND has also been expanded to contain various compounds such as <a href="/wiki/Xenobiotic" title="Xenobiotic">xenobiotics</a>, in addition to metabolites. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_information">Health information</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEGG&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Health information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In KEGG, diseases are viewed as perturbed states of the biological system caused by perturbants of genetic factors and environmental factors, and drugs are viewed as different types of perturbants.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19880382_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19880382-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The KEGG PATHWAY database includes not only the normal states but also the perturbed states of the biological systems. However, disease pathway maps cannot be drawn for most diseases because molecular mechanisms are not well understood. An alternative approach is taken in the KEGG DISEASE database, which simply catalogs known genetic factors and environmental factors of diseases. These catalogs may eventually lead to more complete wiring diagrams of diseases. </p><p>The KEGG DRUG database contains <a href="/wiki/Active_ingredient" title="Active ingredient">active ingredients</a> of <a href="/wiki/Approved_drug" title="Approved drug">approved drugs</a> in Japan, the US, and Europe. They are distinguished by chemical structures and/or chemical components and associated with <a href="/wiki/Drug_target" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug target">target</a> molecules, <a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">metabolizing enzymes</a>, and other molecular interaction network information in the KEGG pathway maps and the BRITE hierarchies. This enables an integrated analysis of drug interactions with genomic information. <a href="/wiki/Crude_drug" title="Crude drug">Crude drugs</a> and other health-related substances, which are outside the category of approved drugs, are stored in the KEGG ENVIRON database. The databases in the health information category are collectively called KEGG MEDICUS, which also includes <a href="/wiki/Package_insert" class="mw-redirect" title="Package insert">package inserts</a> of all marketed drugs in Japan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subscription_model">Subscription model</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEGG&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Subscription model"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2011 KEGG introduced a subscription model for FTP download due to a significant cutback of government funding. KEGG continues to be freely available through its website, but the subscription model has raised discussions about sustainability of bioinformatics databases.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22144685_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22144685-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NatureNews_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatureNews-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEGG&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_Toxicogenomics_Database" title="Comparative Toxicogenomics Database">Comparative Toxicogenomics Database</a> - CTD integrates KEGG pathways with toxicogenomic and disease data</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConsensusPathDB" title="ConsensusPathDB">ConsensusPathDB</a>, a molecular functional interaction database, integrating information from KEGG</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Ontology" title="Gene Ontology">Gene Ontology</a> (GO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniprot" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniprot">Uniprot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Disease_Database" title="Gene Disease Database">Gene Disease Database</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEGG&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pmid10592173-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid10592173_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanehisaGoto2000" class="citation journal cs1">Kanehisa M, Goto S (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC102409">"KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes"</a>. <i>Nucleic Acids Res</i>. <b>28</b> (1): 27–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2F28.1.27">10.1093/nar/28.1.27</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC102409">102409</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10592173">10592173</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Res&rft.atitle=KEGG%3A+Kyoto+Encyclopedia+of+Genes+and+Genomes&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=27-30&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC102409%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10592173&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnar%2F28.1.27&rft.aulast=Kanehisa&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Goto%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC102409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKEGG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid9287494-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid9287494_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanehisa_M1997" class="citation journal cs1">Kanehisa M (1997). 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Chem+Inf+Model&rft.atitle=Modular+architecture+of+metabolic+pathways+revealed+by+conserved+sequences+of+reactions&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=613-22&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3632090%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23384306&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fci3005379&rft.aulast=Muto&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Kotera%2C+M&rft.au=Tokimatsu%2C+T&rft.au=Nakagawa%2C+Z&rft.au=Goto%2C+S&rft.au=Kanehisa%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3632090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKEGG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid19880382-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid19880382_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite 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href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19880382">19880382</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Res&rft.atitle=KEGG+for+representation+and+analysis+of+molecular+networks+involving+diseases+and+drugs&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=Database+issue&rft.pages=D355-60&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2808910%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19880382&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkp896&rft.aulast=Kanehisa&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Goto%2C+S&rft.au=Furumichi%2C+M&rft.au=Tanabe%2C+M&rft.au=Hirakawa%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2808910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKEGG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid22144685-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid22144685_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22144685">22144685</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Res&rft.atitle=The+2012+Nucleic+Acids+Research+Database+Issue+and+the+online+Molecular+Biology+Database+Collection&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=Database+issue&rft.pages=D1-8&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3245068%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22144685&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkr1196&rft.aulast=Galperin&rft.aufirst=MY&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Su%C3%A1rez%2C+XM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3245068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKEGG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NatureNews-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NatureNews_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayden2013" class="citation journal cs1">Hayden, EC (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/news/popular-plant-database-set-to-charge-users-1.13642">"Popular plant database set to charge users"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature.2013.13642">10.1038/nature.2013.13642</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:211729309">211729309</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Popular+plant+database+set+to+charge+users&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature.2013.13642&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A211729309%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hayden&rft.aufirst=EC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnews%2Fpopular-plant-database-set-to-charge-users-1.13642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKEGG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEGG&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> has the property: <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P665" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P665">KEGG ID (P665)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP665%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P665%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kegg.jp/">KEGG website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genome.jp/kegg/">GenomeNet mirror site</a></li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402032246/http://metadatabase.org/wiki/KEGG">entry for KEGG</a> in MetaBase</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Databases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sequence databases: <a href="/wiki/GenBank" title="GenBank">GenBank</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Nucleotide_Archive" title="European Nucleotide Archive">European Nucleotide Archive</a>, <a href="/wiki/DNA_Data_Bank_of_Japan" title="DNA Data Bank of Japan">DNA Data Bank of Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/China_National_GeneBank" title="China National GeneBank">China National GeneBank</a></li> <li>Secondary databases: <a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a>, database of protein sequences grouping together <a href="/wiki/UniProt#UniProtKB.2FSwiss-Prot" title="UniProt">Swiss-Prot</a>, <a href="/wiki/UniProt#UniProtKB.2FTrEMBL" title="UniProt">TrEMBL</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protein_Information_Resource" title="Protein Information Resource">Protein Information Resource</a></li> <li>Other databases: <a href="/wiki/BioNumbers" title="BioNumbers">BioNumbers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">Protein Data Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, <a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">KEGG</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene Ontology</a></li> <li>Specialised genomic databases: <a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_Genome_Database" title="Saccharomyces Genome Database">Saccharomyces Genome Database</a>, <a href="/wiki/FlyBase" title="FlyBase">FlyBase</a>, <a href="/wiki/VectorBase" title="VectorBase">VectorBase</a>, <a href="/wiki/WormBase" title="WormBase">WormBase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rat_Genome_Database" title="Rat Genome Database">Rat Genome Database</a>, <a href="/wiki/PHI-base" title="PHI-base">PHI-base</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Arabidopsis_Information_Resource" title="The Arabidopsis Information Resource">Arabidopsis Information Resource</a>, <a href="/wiki/GISAID" title="GISAID">GISAID</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zebrafish_Information_Network" title="Zebrafish Information Network">Zebrafish Information Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BLAST_(biotechnology)" title="BLAST (biotechnology)">BLAST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowtie_(sequence_analysis)" title="Bowtie (sequence analysis)">Bowtie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clustal" title="Clustal">Clustal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMBOSS" title="EMBOSS">EMBOSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMMER" title="HMMER">HMMER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUSCLE_(alignment_software)" title="MUSCLE (alignment software)">MUSCLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_Assignment_of_Named_Global_Outbreak_Lineages" title="Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages">PANGOLIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAMtools" title="SAMtools">SAMtools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Oligonucleotide_Analysis_Package" title="Short Oligonucleotide Analysis Package">SOAP suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TopHat_(bioinformatics)" title="TopHat (bioinformatics)">TopHat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Server: <a href="/wiki/ExPASy" class="mw-redirect" title="ExPASy">ExPASy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_(education_platform)" title="Rosalind (education platform)">Rosalind (education platform)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Institute" title="Broad Institute">Broad Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_Biology_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Computational Biology Department">Computational Biology Department</a> (CBD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COSBI" title="COSBI">Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology</a> (COSBI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_Center_for_Life_Science" title="Database Center for Life Science">Database Center for Life Science</a> (DBCLS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_Data_Bank_of_Japan" title="DNA Data Bank of Japan">DNA Data Bank of Japan</a> (DDBJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Bioinformatics_Institute" title="European Bioinformatics Institute">European Bioinformatics Institute</a> (EMBL-EBI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Molecular_Biology_Laboratory" title="European Molecular Biology Laboratory">European Molecular Biology Laboratory</a> (EMBL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatiron_Institute" title="Flatiron Institute">Flatiron Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Craig_Venter_Institute" title="J. Craig Venter Institute">J. Craig Venter Institute</a> (JCVI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Molecular_Cell_Biology_and_Genetics" title="Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics">Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics</a> (MPI-CBG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">US National Center for Biotechnology Information</a> (NCBI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Genetics" title="National Institute of Genetics">Japanese Institute of Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Bioinformatics_Centre" title="Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre">Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre</a> (NBIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Genome_Center" title="Philippine Genome Center">Philippine Genome Center</a> (PGC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripps_Research" title="Scripps Research">Scripps Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Institute_of_Bioinformatics" title="Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics">Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics</a> (SIB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Sanger_Institute" title="Wellcome Sanger Institute">Wellcome Sanger Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehead_Institute" title="Whitehead Institute">Whitehead Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Society_for_Bioinformatics_and_Computational_Biology" title="African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology">African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology</a> (ASBCB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_Bioinformatics_Resource" title="Australia Bioinformatics Resource">Australia Bioinformatics Resource</a> (EMBL-AR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMBnet" title="EMBnet">European Molecular Biology network</a> (EMBnet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Nucleotide_Sequence_Database_Collaboration" title="International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration">International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration</a> (INSDC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Biocuration" title="International Society for Biocuration">International Society for Biocuration</a> (ISB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Computational_Biology" title="International Society for Computational Biology">International Society for Computational Biology</a> (ISCB) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Computational_Biology_Student_Council" title="International Society for Computational Biology Student Council">Student Council</a> (ISCB-SC)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Genomics_and_Integrative_Biology" title="Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology">Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology</a> (CSIR-IGIB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Society_for_Bioinformatics" title="Japanese Society for Bioinformatics">Japanese Society for Bioinformatics</a> (JSBi)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basel_Computational_Biology_Conference" title="Basel Computational Biology Conference">Basel Computational Biology Conference‎</a> ([BC<sup>2</sup>])</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conference_on_Computational_Biology" title="European Conference on Computational Biology">European Conference on Computational Biology</a> (ECCB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_Systems_for_Molecular_Biology" title="Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology">Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology</a> (ISMB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_Bioinformatics" title="International Conference on Bioinformatics">International Conference on Bioinformatics</a> (InCoB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_Computational_Intelligence_Methods_for_Bioinformatics_and_Biostatistics" title="International Conference on Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics">International Conference on Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics</a> (CIBB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISCB_Africa_ASBCB_Conference_on_Bioinformatics" title="ISCB Africa ASBCB Conference on Bioinformatics">ISCB Africa ASBCB Conference on Bioinformatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Symposium_on_Biocomputing" title="Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing">Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing</a> (PSB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_in_Computational_Molecular_Biology" title="Research in Computational Molecular Biology">Research in Computational Molecular Biology</a> (RECOMB)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CRAM_(file_format)" title="CRAM (file format)">CRAM format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASTA_format" title="FASTA format">FASTA format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASTQ_format" title="FASTQ format">FASTQ format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXML_format" title="NeXML format">NeXML format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_file" title="Nexus file">Nexus format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pileup_format" title="Pileup format">Pileup format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAM_(file_format)" title="SAM (file format)">SAM format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_format" title="Stockholm format">Stockholm format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_Call_Format" title="Variant Call Format">VCF format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_feature_format" title="General feature format">GFF format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_transfer_format" title="Gene transfer format">GTF format</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computational_biology" title="Computational biology">Computational biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biobanks" title="List of biobanks">List of biobanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biological_databases" title="List of biological databases">List of biological databases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_phylogenetics" title="Molecular phylogenetics">Molecular phylogenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequencing" title="Sequencing">Sequencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_database" title="Sequence database">Sequence database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_alignment" title="Sequence alignment">Sequence alignment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span 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