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Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epicene" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:epicene">epicene</a></b></i> or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epicenity" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:epicenity">epicenity</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Epicenity</b> is the lack of <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a> distinction, often reducing the emphasis on the <a href="/wiki/Masculinity" title="Masculinity">masculine</a> to allow the feminine. It includes <a href="/wiki/Androgyny" title="Androgyny">androgyny</a> – having both masculine and <a href="/wiki/Feminine" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminine">feminine</a> characteristics. The adjective <i><a href="/wiki/Gender-neutral" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender-neutral">gender-neutral</a></i> may describe epicenity (and both terms are associated with the terms <i><a href="/wiki/Gender-neutral_language" title="Gender-neutral language">gender-neutral language</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gender-neutral_pronoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender-neutral pronoun">gender-neutral pronoun</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">gender-blind</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Unisex" title="Unisex">unisex</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specialized_uses">Specialized uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicenity&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Specialized uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a>, an <i>epicene</i> word has the same form for male and for female referents. In some cases, the term <i>common gender</i> is also used,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but should not be confused with <i>common</i> or <i>appellative</i> as a contrary to <i>proper</i> (as in <i><a href="/wiki/Proper_noun" title="Proper noun">proper noun</a></i>). In English, for example, the epicene (or common) nouns <i>cousin</i> and <i>violinist</i> can refer to a man or a woman, and so can the epicene (or common) <a href="/wiki/One_(pronoun)" title="One (pronoun)">pronoun <i>one</i></a>. The noun <i>stewardess</i> and the third-person singular pronoun <i>she</i> on the other hand are not epicene (or common).<sup id="cite_ref-dictionary.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In languages with <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">grammatical gender</a>, the term <i>epicene</i> can be used in two distinct situations:<sup id="cite_ref-dictionary.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The same word can refer to either masculine or feminine <a href="/wiki/Signified" class="mw-redirect" title="Signified">signified</a> <a href="/wiki/Concept" title="Concept">concept</a>, while retaining its own, either masculine or feminine, grammatical gender. For example, Classical Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">λαγώς</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">lagṓs</i></span>) 'hare' is masculine, but can refer to male and female hares (he-hares and she-hares), and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀλώπηξ</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">alṓpēks</i></span>) 'fox' is feminine, but can refer to male and female foxes (he-foxes and she-foxes).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this meaning, the term <i>common gender</i> is different from <i>epicene gender</i>.</li> <li>An article, noun, adjective, or pronoun has identical masculine and feminine forms, but they do not follow always one <a href="/wiki/Agreement_(linguistics)" title="Agreement (linguistics)">agreement</a> pattern.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_French">In French</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicenity&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In French"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a>, the noun <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">élève</i></span> 'schoolchild' and the adjective <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">espiègle</i></span> 'mischievous' can be either masculine or feminine, but they are differentiated by the article: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">un élève espiègle</i></span> (masculine) </td> <td>'a mischievous schoolboy' (or in some cases 'a mischievous schoolchild' when gender is unknown) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">une élève espiègle</i></span> (feminine) </td> <td>'a mischievous schoolgirl' </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The same can happen in French with the epicene elided singular articles (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">l'</i></span>), the definite (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">les</i></span>) and indefinite (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">des</i></span>) plural articles, and the contractions <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">aux</i></span> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">à</i></span> + <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">les</i></span>) and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">des</i></span> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">de + les</i></span>) when in contact with the noun, so the adjective takes the task of marking the gender: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">les adultes français</i></span> (masculine) </td> <td>'the French male adults' or 'the French adults [of any gender]' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">les adultes françaises</i></span> (feminine) </td> <td>'the French female adults' </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>For these meanings the term <i>common</i> is also used. </p><p>However, there can be cases where the agreement cannot force the disambiguation, even with the presence of pronoun, article, noun and adjective when they are all epicene: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">moi, l'élève moldave</i></span> (masculine or feminine) </td> <td>'I, the Moldavian student' </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This can be further complicated when dealing with spoken French (when some orthographical nuances are lost). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Spanish">In Spanish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicenity&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Spanish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a>, there are very few cases where a noun ignores the semantic gender of the referent. For example, the noun <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">persona</i></span> 'person' is grammatically feminine, and only takes any supporting article or adjective in agreement with this gender. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">la persona</i></span> (masculine) </td> <td>'the person' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">la persona</i></span> (feminine) </td> <td>'the person' </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As the gender of the referent of an epicene is ambiguous it may be necessary to add an adjective to clarify, but the gender of this adjective will also be in agreement with the epicene, for example in the case of the noun <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">víctima</i></span> 'victim' which is also an epicene. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">la víctima masculina</i></span> (masculine) </td> <td>'the male victim' </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">la víctima femenina</i></span> (feminine) </td> <td>'the female victim' </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicenity&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_marking_in_job_titles" title="Gender marking in job titles">Gender marking in job titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_neutrality_in_English" title="Gender neutrality in English">Gender neutrality in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_antecedent" title="Generic antecedent">Generic antecedent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_as_norm" title="Male as norm">Male as norm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_name" title="Unisex name">Unisex name</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicenity&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/epicene" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:epicene">epicene</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Psychology: A Journey of Discovery</i> 4th ed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dictionary.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dictionary.com_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dictionary.com_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/epicene?s=t"><i>Dictionary.com</i>: "epicene"</a> (accessed on 10 August 2015)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goodwin, William W. : <i>A Greek Grammar</i>, revised and enlarged ed. Boston: Ginn & Company, 1895, p. 35, § 158</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epicenity&oldid=1252647318">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epicenity&oldid=1252647318</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Androgyny" title="Category:Androgyny">Androgyny</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Effeminacy" title="Category:Effeminacy">Effeminacy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gender-neutral_language" title="Category:Gender-neutral language">Gender-neutral language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grammatical_gender" title="Category:Grammatical gender">Grammatical gender</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Non-binary_gender" title="Category:Non-binary gender">Non-binary gender</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gender_equality" title="Category:Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_March_2021" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from March 2021">Articles that may contain original research from March 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 October 2024, at 09:42<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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