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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greifswalder_Oie" title="Greifswalder Oie – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Greifswalder Oie" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greifswalder_Oie" title="Greifswalder Oie – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Greifswalder Oie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greifswalder_Oie" title="Greifswalder Oie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Greifswalder Oie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greifswalder_Oie" title="Greifswalder Oie – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Greifswalder Oie" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greifswalder_Oie" title="Greifswalder Oie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Greifswalder Oie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%84%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9E%D1%98" title="Грајфсвалдер Ој – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Грајфсвалдер Ој" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="جزيره جريفسوالدر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جزيره جريفسوالدر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greifswalder_Oie" title="Greifswalder Oie – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Greifswalder Oie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greifswalder_Oie" title="Greifswalder Oie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Greifswalder Oie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greifswalder_Oie" title="Greifswalder Oie – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Greifswalder Oie" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%84%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%9E%D0%B9%D0%B5" title="Грайфсвальдер-Ойе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грайфсвальдер-Ойе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Greifswalder_Oie&params=54_15_N_13_55_E_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°15′N</span> <span class="longitude">13°55′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.250°N 13.917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.250; 13.917</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_onto_Greifswalder_Oie_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/View_onto_Greifswalder_Oie_01.jpg/250px-View_onto_Greifswalder_Oie_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/View_onto_Greifswalder_Oie_01.jpg/375px-View_onto_Greifswalder_Oie_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/View_onto_Greifswalder_Oie_01.jpg/500px-View_onto_Greifswalder_Oie_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3065" data-file-height="1724" /></a><figcaption>Greifswalder Oie, 2016</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Greifswalder Oie</b> (literally "<a href="/wiki/Greifswald" title="Greifswald">Greifswald</a>'s isle") is a small island in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, located east of <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCgen" title="Rügen">Rügen</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> coast. The island covers an area of about 54 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectares</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goetz_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goetz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The isle forms part of the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B6slin" title="Kröslin">Kröslin</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greifswalder_Oie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Greifswalder Oie is about 1,550 metres long, a maximum of 570 metres wide and, at the cliffs on its eastern side, a maximum of 19 metres high. It is about 12 kilometres off the shore of <a href="/wiki/Usedom" title="Usedom">Usedom</a> and belongs administratively to the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B6slin" title="Kröslin">Kröslin</a> on the mainland. On the island, with its striking <a href="/wiki/Steep_coast" title="Steep coast">steep coast</a>, is a 49 metre high <a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">lighthouse</a> with one of the strongest beacons in the Baltic. The whole island is a <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature reserve (Germany)">nature reserve</a>. </p><p>It was formed during the last ice age, the <a href="/wiki/Weichselian_glaciation" title="Weichselian glaciation">Weichselian glaciation</a>, by several <a href="/wiki/Glacial" class="mw-redirect" title="Glacial">glacial</a> depositions from Scandinavia. On the Oie a total of three different deposition phases are evident, so that rocks originating in different parts of Scandinavia may be found on the island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greifswalder_Oie&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Greifswalder Oie (1991–2020 normals) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.6<br />(1.68) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(1.19) </td> <td style="background: #CEFFCE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(1.28) </td> <td style="background: #D8FFD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(0.98) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.0<br />(1.77) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.0<br />(2.13) </td> <td style="background: #97FF97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.3<br />(2.73) </td> <td style="background: #ACFFAC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.4<br />(2.18) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.5<br />(1.91) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.8<br />(1.72) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.8<br />(1.76) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.5<br />(1.87) </td> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">552.4<br />(21.75) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #2525FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.6 </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.5 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.1 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.8 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.8 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.7 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.2 </td> <td style="background: #1B1BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.4 </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">172.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000B4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000BB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000C6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000D1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000D2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000D2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000B3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000C2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">82.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #565656; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.2 </td> <td style="background: #929292; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.2 </td> <td style="background: #C0C023; color:#000000;" class="notheme">141.9 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232.1 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">276.2 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">276.1 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">274.4 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">241.8 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">187.9 </td> <td style="background: #B6B65E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.5 </td> <td style="background: #6C6C6C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57.4 </td> <td style="background: #3D3D3D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">33.6 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,993.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a><sup id="cite_ref-WMO_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greifswalder_Oie&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 1929, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Winkler" title="Johannes Winkler">Johannes Winkler</a> experimented with small LOX methane rockets on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island was a restricted military space from 1936 to 1991, first under control of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, and then the <a href="/wiki/German_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="German Democratic Republic">German Democratic Republic</a> (East Germany).<sup id="cite_ref-Goetz_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goetz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1937 and 1945, numerous rockets were launched from Greifswalder Oie. In an operation designated <a href="/wiki/Operation_Lighthouse_(1937)" title="Operation Lighthouse (1937)"><i>Lighthouse</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a> oversaw attempts to launch <a href="/wiki/Aggregate_series#A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggregate series">A3</a> rockets in December 1937, each of which failed.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-walter_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walter-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1938 and 1942, the island was the scene for the nearly successful launches of the <a href="/wiki/Aggregate_series#A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggregate series">A5</a> rockets. Also twenty-eight <a href="/wiki/V-2" class="mw-redirect" title="V-2">A4/V2 rockets</a> were launched vertically from Greifswalder Oie between 1943 and 1945. These launches were made in order to observe the reentrance of the rockets into the atmosphere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_condition">Current condition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greifswalder_Oie&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Current condition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of the 2000s, the islet is an uninhabited sea bird reserve,<sup id="cite_ref-Goetz_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goetz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> save for a single man who works the light house, manages the small emergency yacht harbour (depth ca. 1.6m / 6 ft), and creates outdoor art objects that he scatters along a path that circles the island. There is an infrequent ferry service from <a href="/wiki/Peenem%C3%BCnde" title="Peenemünde">Peenemünde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karlshagen" title="Karlshagen">Karlshagen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goetz_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goetz-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greifswalder_Oie&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Goetz-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goetz_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goetz_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goetz_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goetz_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rolf Goetz, ADAC Reiseführer Usedom, ADAC Verlag DE, 2007, p.103, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89905-523-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-89905-523-3">3-89905-523-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WMO_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012155023/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Greifswalder-Oie_10097.csv">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020"</a>. <i>World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)</i>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Greifswalder-Oie_10097.csv">the original</a> on 12 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climatological+Standard+Normals+%281991%E2%80%932020%29&rft.atitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1991%E2%80%932020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F1.1%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FGermany%2FCSV%2FGreifswalder-Oie_10097.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreifswalder+Oie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErik_Bergaust1960" class="citation book cs1">Erik Bergaust (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OlHxAAAAMAAJ"><i>Reaching for the Stars</i></a>. Doubleday. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0007DWHAQ">B0007DWHAQ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reaching+for+the+Stars&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0007DWHAQ%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.au=Erik+Bergaust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOlHxAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreifswalder+Oie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neufeld, M.J. <i>Von Braun: Dreamer of Space, Engineer of War</i>. New York: Knopf, 2007. p 102-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-walter-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-walter_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDornberger1954" class="citation book cs1">Dornberger, Walter (1954). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/v20000dorn"><i>V-2</i></a></span>. New York: The Viking Press, Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/v20000dorn/page/46">46</a>-64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V-2&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=46-64&rft.pub=The+Viking+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Dornberger&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fv20000dorn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreifswalder+Oie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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title="Gänsewerder">Gänsewerder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6rmitz" title="Görmitz">Görmitz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greifswalder Oie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gro%C3%9Fer_Werder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Großer Werder (page does not exist)">Großer Werder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gro%C3%9Fer_Wotig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Großer Wotig (page does not exist)">Großer Wotig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grot_Deil" title="Grot Deil">Grot Deil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heuwiese" title="Heuwiese">Heuwiese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiddensee" title="Hiddensee">Hiddensee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kastenwerder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kastenwerder (page does not exist)">Kastenwerder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kieholm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kieholm (page does not exist)">Kieholm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kieler_Ort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kieler Ort (page does not exist)">Kieler Ort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirr" title="Kirr">Kirr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleiner_Rohrplan" title="Kleiner Rohrplan">Kleiner Rohrplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleiner_Werder" title="Kleiner Werder">Kleiner Werder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleiner_Wotig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kleiner Wotig (page does not exist)">Kleiner Wotig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleine_Werder" class="mw-redirect" title="Kleine Werder">Kleine Werder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohlhofinsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kohlhofinsel (page does not exist)">Kohlhofinsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koos_(island)" title="Koos (island)">Koos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langenwerder" title="Langenwerder">Langenwerder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liebes" title="Liebes">Liebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liebitz" title="Liebitz">Liebitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4hrens" title="Mährens">Mährens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96he" title="Öhe">Öhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poel" title="Poel">Poel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prosnitzer_Werder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prosnitzer Werder (page does not exist)">Prosnitzer Werder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riems" title="Riems">Riems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riether_Werder" title="Riether Werder">Riether Werder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riffbrink&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riffbrink (page does not exist)">Riffbrink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruden_(island)" title="Ruden (island)">Ruden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCgen" title="Rügen">Rügen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tedingsinsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tedingsinsel (page does not exist)">Tedingsinsel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tollow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tollow (page does not exist)">Tollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ummanz" title="Ummanz">Ummanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urkevitz" title="Urkevitz">Urkevitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usedom" title="Usedom">Usedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilm" title="Vilm">Vilm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vogelinsel_(Hiddensee)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vogelinsel (Hiddensee) (page does not exist)">Vogelinsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walfisch" title="Walfisch">Walfisch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warder_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warder (island) (page does not exist)">Warder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weidenschwanz" title="Weidenschwanz">Weidenschwanz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werder_(Mellinthin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werder (Mellinthin) (page does not exist)">Werder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BChrens" title="Wührens">Wührens</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hiddensee-April2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hiddensee"><img alt="Hiddensee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hiddensee-April2004.jpg/80px-Hiddensee-April2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hiddensee-April2004.jpg/120px-Hiddensee-April2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hiddensee-April2004.jpg/160px-Hiddensee-April2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1505" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spaceports" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spaceport" title="Template:Spaceport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spaceport" title="Template talk:Spaceport"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spaceport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spaceport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spaceports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">Spaceports</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chinese<span class="nowrap"> </span>government: <a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">CNSA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center" title="Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center" title="Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang_Space_Launch_Site" title="Wenchang Space Launch Site">Wenchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center" title="Xichang Satellite Launch Center">Xichang</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chinese private launches: <a href="/wiki/HICAL" title="HICAL">HICAL</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wenchang_Commercial_Space_Launch_Site" title="Wenchang Commercial Space Launch Site">Wenchang Commercial</a>)</li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">ISRO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre" title="Satish Dhawan Space Centre">Satish Dhawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station" title="Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station">Thumba</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/LAPAN" class="mw-redirect" title="LAPAN">LAPAN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stasiun_Peluncuran_Roket" title="Stasiun Peluncuran Roket">Pameungpeuk</a></li></ul></li> <li>Iran: <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Space_Agency" title="Iranian Space Agency">ISA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semnan_Space_Center" title="Semnan Space Center">Semnan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRGC" class="mw-redirect" title="IRGC">IRGC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahroud_Space_Center" title="Shahroud Space Center">Shahroud Space Center</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Israel_Space_Agency" title="Israel Space Agency">ISA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palmachim_Airbase" title="Palmachim Airbase">Palmachim</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japanese<span class="nowrap"> </span>government: <a href="/wiki/Japan_Aerospace_Exploration_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency">JAXA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanegashima_Space_Center" title="Tanegashima Space Center">Tanegashima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uchinoura_Space_Center" title="Uchinoura Space Center">Uchinoura</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japanese private launches: <a href="/wiki/Space_One" title="Space One">Space One</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spaceport_Kii" title="Spaceport Kii">Kii</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kazakhstan<span class="nowrap"> </span>/ Russia: <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">VKS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">VKS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sary_Shagan" title="Sary Shagan">Sary Shagan</a></li></ul></li> <li>North Korea: <a href="/wiki/National_Aerospace_Development_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Aerospace Development Administration">NADA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sohae_Satellite_Launching_Station" title="Sohae Satellite Launching Station">Sohae</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Korea: <a href="/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute" title="Korea Aerospace Research Institute">KARI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naro_Space_Center" title="Naro Space Center">Naro</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Space_%26_Upper_Atmosphere_Research_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission">SUPARCO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonmiani_(space_facility)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonmiani (space facility)">Sonmiani</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">VKS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)#Commercial_launches" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Dombarovsky / Yasny</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Space_Agency" title="Norwegian Space Agency">NOSA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/And%C3%B8ya_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Andøya Space Center">Andøya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard_Rocket_Range" title="Svalbard Rocket Range">SvalRak</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">VKS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapustin_Yar" title="Kapustin Yar">Kapustin Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_T%C3%A9cnica_Aeroespacial" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial">INTA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Arenosillo" title="El Arenosillo">El Arenosillo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Space_Corporation" title="Swedish Space Corporation">SSC</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Esrange" title="Esrange">Esrange</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newquay_Airport#Spaceport_Cornwall" title="Newquay Airport">Spaceport Cornwall</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Government: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">USSF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Cape Canaveral SFS</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Range" title="Eastern Range">ER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg SFB</a> / <a href="/wiki/Western_Range_(USSF)" title="Western Range (USSF)">WR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallops_Flight_Facility" title="Wallops Flight Facility">Wallops</a></li></ul></li> <li>Academic: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poker_Flat_Research_Range" title="Poker Flat Research Range">Poker Flat</a></li></ul></li> <li>Private: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Ranch" title="Corn Ranch">Corn Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Spaceport_Complex_%E2%80%93_Alaska" title="Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport" title="Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport">MARS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Air_and_Space_Port" title="Mojave Air and Space Port">Mojave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceport_America" title="Spaceport America">Spaceport America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starbase" title="SpaceX Starbase">SpaceX Starbase</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">RAAF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAAF_Woomera_Range_Complex" title="RAAF Woomera Range Complex">Woomera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Launch" title="Southern Launch">Southern Launch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koonibba_Test_Range" title="Koonibba Test Range">Koonibba</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab" title="Rocket Lab">Rocket Lab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Launch_Complex_1" title="Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1">Mahia Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li>Marshall<span class="nowrap"> </span>Islands<span class="nowrap"> </span>/<span class="nowrap"> </span>United<span class="nowrap"> </span>States:<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">DoD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Ballistic_Missile_Defense_Test_Site" title="Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site">Reagan Test Site</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Air_Force" title="Brazilian Air Force">FAB</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Space_Agency" title="Brazilian Space Agency">AEB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A2ntara_Launch_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcântara Launch Center">Alcântara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barreira_do_Inferno_Launch_Center" title="Barreira do Inferno Launch Center">Barreira do Inferno</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe: <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a> / France: <a href="/wiki/CNES" title="CNES">CNES</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana / Kourou</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_waters" title="International waters">International waters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Launch" title="Sea Launch">Sea Launch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Launch_Services" title="Maritime Launch Services">Canso</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Kulasekharapatnam_Spaceport" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulasekharapatnam Spaceport">Kulasekharapatnam</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/LAPAN" class="mw-redirect" title="LAPAN">LAPAN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biak_Spaceport" class="mw-redirect" title="Biak Spaceport">Biak</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oita_Airport" title="Oita Airport">Oita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiki_Multi-Purpose_Aerospace_Park" title="Taiki Multi-Purpose Aerospace Park">Hokkaido</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Spaceport_Sweden" title="Spaceport Sweden">Spaceport Sweden</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/UK_Space_Agency" title="UK Space Agency">UKSA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SaxaVord_Spaceport" title="SaxaVord Spaceport">SaxaVord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutherland_spaceport" title="Sutherland spaceport">Sutherland</a></li></ul></li> <li>United<span class="nowrap"> </span>States: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Airport" title="Cecil Airport">Cecil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton-Sherman_Industrial_Airpark" title="Clinton-Sherman Industrial Airpark">Clinton-Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Air_and_Space_Port" title="Colorado Air and Space Port">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellington_Airport_(Texas)" title="Ellington Airport (Texas)">Ellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Spaceport_Complex" title="Maine Spaceport Complex">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland_International_Air_and_Space_Port" title="Midland International Air and Space Port">Midland</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain:<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/El_Hierro_Launch_Centre" title="El Hierro Launch Centre">El Hierro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Algeria / France: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_interarm%C3%A9es_d%27essais_d%27engins_sp%C3%A9ciaux" title="Centre interarmées d'essais d'engins spéciaux">CIEES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammaguir#Role_in_French_rocketry_and_spaceflight" title="Hammaguir">Hammaguir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggane" title="Reggane">Reggane</a></li></ul></li> <li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Carnarvon,_Western_Australia#Aerospace" title="Carnarvon, Western Australia">Carnarvon</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Rocket_Research_Range" title="Churchill Rocket Research Range">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Hall Beach">Hall Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolute_Bay" title="Resolute Bay">Resolute Bay</a></li> <li>China: <a href="/wiki/Base_603" title="Base 603">Guangde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanhui_District#Suborbital_rocket_launch_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanhui District">Nanhui</a></li> <li>Nazi<span class="nowrap"> </span>Germany: <a href="/wiki/V-2_missile_launch_site,_Blizna" class="mw-redirect" title="V-2 missile launch site, Blizna">Blizna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greifswalder Oie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peenem%C3%BCnde_Army_Research_Center" title="Peenemünde Army Research Center">Peenemünde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuchola_Forest" title="Tuchola Forest">Tuchola Forest</a></li> <li>Greece: <a href="/wiki/Koroni#Rocket_launch_site" title="Koroni">Koroni</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Balasore" title="Balasore">Balasore</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Salto_di_Quirra" title="Salto di Quirra">Salto di Quirra</a></li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/Japan%27s_space_development#Early_days" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan's space development">Akita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nii-jima" title="Nii-jima">Nii-jima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obachi" title="Obachi">Obachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryori" title="Ryori">Ryori</a></li> <li>Kenya / Italy: <a href="/wiki/Broglio_Space_Center" title="Broglio Space Center">Broglio, Malindi</a></li> <li>North Korea: <a href="/wiki/Tonghae_Satellite_Launching_Ground" title="Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground">Tonghae</a></li> <li>Soviet Union / Russia: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenkel_Observatory" title="Ernst Krenkel Observatory">Kheysa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okhotsk" title="Okhotsk">Okhotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svobodny_Cosmodrome" title="Svobodny Cosmodrome">Svobodny</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/El_Arenosillo" title="El Arenosillo">El Arenosillo</a></li> <li>Sweden:<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Kronog%C3%A5rd" title="Kronogård">Kronogård</a></li> <li>USA: <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base#Space_Shuttle_support" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sands_Space_Harbor" title="White Sands Space Harbor">WSSH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Greifswalder_Oie" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Greifswalder Oie">Greifswalder Oie</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Greifswalder_Oie&params=54_15_N_13_55_E_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°15′N</span> <span class="longitude">13°55′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.250°N 13.917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.250; 13.917</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256883#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256883#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256883#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/233703259">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4086794-8">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Landkreis_Vorpommern-Greifswald.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Wappen_Landkreis_Vorpommern-Greifswald.svg/24px-Wappen_Landkreis_Vorpommern-Greifswald.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Wappen_Landkreis_Vorpommern-Greifswald.svg/36px-Wappen_Landkreis_Vorpommern-Greifswald.svg.png 1.5x, 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