CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Callimachus - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"70d98ab0-e575-4824-b9c8-ea0b8932d14a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Callimachus","wgTitle":"Callimachus","wgCurRevisionId":1275983818,"wgRevisionId":1275983818,"wgArticleId":97080,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: location missing publisher","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Good articles","Use dmy dates from May 2021","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","Articles containing Latin-language text","Ancient Greek poets","Ancient Greek educators","Ancient Greek erotic poets","Cyrenean Greeks","Bibliographers","Epigrammatists of the Greek Anthology","Librarians of Alexandria","Iambic poets","3rd-century BC poets", "Hellenistic poets","Callimachus","Hymnwriters"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Callimachus","wgRelevantArticleId":97080,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q192417", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/P.Oxy._XI_1362.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1779"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/P.Oxy._XI_1362.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1186"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/P.Oxy._XI_1362.jpg/640px-P.Oxy._XI_1362.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="949"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Callimachus - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callimachus"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callimachus"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Callimachus rootpage-Callimachus skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Callimachus" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Callimachus" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Callimachus" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Callimachus" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Literary work</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Literary_work-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Literary work subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Literary_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Epigrams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epigrams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><i>Epigrams</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epigrams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hymns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hymns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span><i>Hymns</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hymns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aetia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aetia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span><i>Aetia</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aetia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iambs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iambs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span><i>Iambs</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iambs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hecale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hecale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span><i>Hecale</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hecale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span><i>Pinakes</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Callimacheanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Callimacheanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Callimacheanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Callimacheanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ancient</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Callimachus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3" title="كاليماخوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاليماخوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%ADmaco" title="Calímaco – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Calímaco" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirenal%C4%B1_Kallimax" title="Kirenalı Kallimax – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kirenalı Kallimax" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Калімах – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Калімах" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Калимах от Кирена – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калимах от Кирена" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallimac%27hos" title="Kallimac'hos – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kallimac'hos" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C2%B7l%C3%ADmac_de_Cirene" title="Cal·límac de Cirene – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cal·límac de Cirene" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallimachos_z_Kyr%C3%A9ny" title="Kallimachos z Kyrény – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kallimachos z Kyrény" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callimacu" title="Callimacu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Callimacu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallimachos" title="Kallimachos – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kallimachos" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallimachos" title="Kallimachos – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kallimachos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallimachos" title="Kallimachos – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kallimachos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Καλλίμαχος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καλλίμαχος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%ADmaco_(poeta)" title="Calímaco (poeta) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calímaco (poeta)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalima%C4%A5o" title="Kalimaĥo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kalimaĥo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%ADmacu" title="Calímacu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Calímacu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimako" title="Kalimako – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kalimako" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کالیماخوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالیماخوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callimaque_de_Cyr%C3%A8ne" title="Callimaque de Cyrène – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Callimaque de Cyrène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%ADmaco_(poeta)" title="Calímaco (poeta) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Calímaco (poeta)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%EB%A7%88%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4" title="칼리마코스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼리마코스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Կալիմաքոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կալիմաքոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimah" title="Kalimah – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kalimah" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallimakhos" title="Kallimakhos – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kallimakhos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callimaco" title="Callimaco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Callimaco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A1" title="קאלימאכוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קאלימאכוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94" title="კალიმაქე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კალიმაქე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimahs" title="Kalimahs – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Kalimahs" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Callimachus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallimahs_(dzejnieks)" title="Kallimahs (dzejnieks) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kallimahs (dzejnieks)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallimakhosz" title="Kallimakhosz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kallimakhosz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94" title="კალიმაქე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კალიმაქე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3" title="كاليماخوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاليماخوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%ADmaco" title="Calímaco – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Calímaco" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81" title="Каллимакус – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Каллимакус" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callimachus_(letterkundige)" title="Callimachus (letterkundige) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Callimachus (letterkundige)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9" title="カリマコス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カリマコス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallimakhos" title="Kallimakhos – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kallimakhos" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallimach_z_Cyreny" title="Kallimach z Cyreny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kallimach z Cyreny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%ADmaco" title="Calímaco – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calímaco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callimah" title="Callimah – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Callimah" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Каллимах из Кирены – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каллимах из Кирены" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallimachos_z_Kyr%C3%A9ny" title="Kallimachos z Kyrény – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kallimachos z Kyrény" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimah" title="Kalimah – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kalimah" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimah" title="Kalimah – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kalimah" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallimakhos" title="Kallimakhos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kallimakhos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallimachos_fr%C3%A5n_Kyrene" title="Kallimachos från Kyrene – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kallimachos från Kyrene" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallimahos" title="Kallimahos – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kallimahos" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%82)" title="Каллімах (поет) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каллімах (поет)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%88%A9%E9%A9%AC%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF" title="卡利马科斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡利马科斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192417#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Callimachus" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Callimachus"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Callimachus"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Callimachus" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Callimachus" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&oldid=1275983818" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Callimachus&id=1275983818&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCallimachus"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCallimachus"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Callimachus&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Callimachus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Callimachus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Callimachus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192417" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">3rd-century BCE Greek poet, scholar and librarian</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the ancient Greek poet. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Callimachus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Callimachus (disambiguation)">Callimachus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Callimachus</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:P.Oxy._XI_1362.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Papyrus fragment from the Aetia of Callimachus"><img alt="A fragmented piece of parchment covered in pre-modern handwriting." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/P.Oxy._XI_1362.jpg/220px-P.Oxy._XI_1362.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/P.Oxy._XI_1362.jpg/330px-P.Oxy._XI_1362.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/P.Oxy._XI_1362.jpg/440px-P.Oxy._XI_1362.jpg 2x" data-file-width="782" data-file-height="1159" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">Papyrus</a> <a href="/wiki/Fragmentology_(manuscripts)" title="Fragmentology (manuscripts)">fragment</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Aetia_(Callimachus)" title="Aetia (Callimachus)">Aetia</a></i> of Callimachus</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 310 BC</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 240 BC</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Aetiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Aetiology">Aetiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epigram" title="Epigram">Epigram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iambus_(genre)" title="Iambus (genre)">Iambus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">Hymn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epyllion" title="Epyllion">Epyllion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Aetia_(Callimachus)" title="Aetia (Callimachus)">Aetia</a></i> <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Hecale_(poem)" title="Hecale (poem)">Hecale</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Callimachus</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Καλλίμαχος</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Kallimachos</i></span>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 310</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 240 BC</span>) was an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scholar" title="Scholar">scholar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Librarian" title="Librarian">librarian</a> who was active in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> during the 3rd century BC. A representative of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Ancient Greek literature</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a>, he wrote over 800 literary works, most of which do not survive, in a wide variety of genres. He espoused an <a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Aesthetic philosophy">aesthetic philosophy</a>, known as Callimacheanism, which exerted a strong influence on the poets of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> and, through them, on all subsequent <a href="/wiki/Western_canon" title="Western canon">Western literature</a>. </p><p>Born into a prominent family in the Greek city of <a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a> in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, he was educated in Alexandria, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic kings of Egypt</a>. After working as a schoolteacher in the city, he came under the patronage of King <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a> and was employed at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria" title="Library of Alexandria">Library of Alexandria</a> where he compiled the <i><a href="/wiki/Pinakes" title="Pinakes">Pinakes</a></i>, a comprehensive catalogue of all Greek literature. He is believed to have lived into the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III Euergetes</a>. </p><p>Although Callimachus wrote prolifically in <a href="/wiki/Prose" title="Prose">prose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>, only a small number of his poetical texts have been preserved. His main works are the <i><a href="/wiki/Aetia_(Callimachus)" title="Aetia (Callimachus)">Aetia</a></i>, a four-book <a href="/wiki/Aetiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Aetiology">aetiological</a> poem, six religious <a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">hymns</a>, around 60 <a href="/wiki/Epigram" title="Epigram">epigrams</a>, a collection of <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirical</a> <a href="/wiki/Iambus_(genre)" title="Iambus (genre)">iambs</a>, and a narrative poem entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Hecale_(poem)" title="Hecale (poem)">Hecale</a></i>. Callimachus shared many characteristics with his Alexandrian contemporaries <a href="/wiki/Aratus" title="Aratus">Aratus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Rhodes" title="Apollonius of Rhodes">Apollonius of Rhodes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theocritus" title="Theocritus">Theocritus</a>, but professed to adhere to a unique style of poetry: favouring small, recondite and even obscure topics, he dedicated himself to small-scale poetry and refused to write longwinded <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic poetry</a>, the most prominent literary art of his day. </p><p>Callimachus and his aesthetic philosophy became an important point of reference for Roman poets of the late <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a> and the early <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Catullus" title="Catullus">Catullus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vergil" class="mw-redirect" title="Vergil">Vergil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Propertius" title="Propertius">Propertius</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> saw his poetry as one of their "principal model[s]" <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter20121_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunter20121-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and engaged with it in a variety of ways. Modern classical scholars view him as one of the most influential Greek poets. According to the <a href="/wiki/Hellenist" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenist">Hellenist</a> <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Gutzwiller" title="Kathryn Gutzwiller">Kathryn Gutzwiller</a>, he "reinvented Greek poetry for the Hellenistic age by devising a personal style that came, through its manifestations in Roman poetry, to influence the entire tradition of modern literature".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200760_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200760-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemy_II_MAN_Napoli_Inv5600.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dark stone bust of a young man wearing a headband" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ptolemy_II_MAN_Napoli_Inv5600.jpg/220px-Ptolemy_II_MAN_Napoli_Inv5600.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ptolemy_II_MAN_Napoli_Inv5600.jpg/330px-Ptolemy_II_MAN_Napoli_Inv5600.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ptolemy_II_MAN_Napoli_Inv5600.jpg/440px-Ptolemy_II_MAN_Napoli_Inv5600.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2812" data-file-height="3750" /></a><figcaption>Callimachus is thought to have worked under the patronage of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a>. This bust of Ptolemy is held at the <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Naples" title="National Archaeological Museum, Naples">National Archaeological Museum, Naples</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>An entry in the <i><a href="/wiki/Suda" title="Suda">Suda</a></i>, a 10th-century <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia">encyclopaedia</a>, is the main source about the life of Callimachus. Although the entry contains factual inaccuracies, it enables the re-construction of his biography by providing some otherwise unattested information.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198023_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson198023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Callimachus was born into a prominent family in <a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a>, a Greek city on the coast of modern-day Libya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198023_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson198023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He refers to himself as "son of Battus" (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Βαττιάδης</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Battiades</i></span>), but this may be an allusion to the city's mythological founder <a href="/wiki/Battus_(mythology)" title="Battus (mythology)">Battus</a> rather than to his father.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200761–62_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200761–62-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His grandfather, also named Callimachus, had served the city as a general. His mother's name was Megatima, falsely given as Mesatma by the <i>Suda</i>. His unknown date of birth is placed around 310 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198023_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson198023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 280s, Callimachus is thought to have studied under the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Praxiphanes" title="Praxiphanes">Praxiphanes</a> and the grammarian Hermocrates at <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, an important centre of Greek culture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198023–24_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson198023–24-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He appears to have experienced a period of relative poverty while working as a schoolteacher in the suburbs of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198024_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson198024-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The truthfulness of this claim is disputed by the classicist <a href="/wiki/Alan_Cameron_(classicist)" title="Alan Cameron (classicist)">Alan Cameron</a> who describes it as "almost certainly outright fiction".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron19955_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron19955-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Callimachus then entered into the patronage of the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemies</a>, the Greek ruling dynasty of Egypt, and was employed at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria" title="Library of Alexandria">Library of Alexandria</a>. According to the <i>Suda</i>, his career coincided with the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a>, who became sole ruler of Egypt in 283 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198024_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson198024-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Classicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Classicist">Classicist</a> John Ferguson puts the latest date of Callimachus's establishment at the imperial court at 270 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198024_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson198024-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the lack of precise sources, the outlines of Callimachus's working life can be gathered from his poetry. Poems belonging to his period of economic hardship indicate that he began writing in the 280s BC, while his poem <i><a href="/wiki/Aetia_(Callimachus)" title="Aetia (Callimachus)">Aetia</a></i> shows signs of having been composed in the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III Euergetes</a>, who ascended to the throne in 246 BC. Contemporary references suggest that Callimachus was writing until about 240 BC, and Ferguson finds it likely that he died by 235 BC, at which time he would have been 75 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198026_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson198026-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_work">Literary work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Literary work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <i>Suda</i>, Callimachus wrote more than 800<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParsons2015_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParsons2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> individual works in prose and poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200760_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200760-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vast majority of his literary production, including all prose output, has been lost with the exception of his <i>Epigrams</i> and <i>Hymns</i>. All other works mentioned below have been preserved in <a href="/wiki/Fragmentology_(manuscripts)" title="Fragmentology (manuscripts)">fragments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParsons2015_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParsons2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Callimachus was an admirer of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, whom he regarded as impossible to imitate. This could be the reason why he focused on short poems.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Epigrams"><i>Epigrams</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Epigrams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Epigrams" class="mw-redirect" title="Epigrams">Epigrams</a>, brief, forceful poems originally written on stone and on <a href="/wiki/Votive_offerings" class="mw-redirect" title="Votive offerings">votive offerings</a>, were already established as a form of literature by the 3rd century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980136–7_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980136–7-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Callimachus wrote at least 60 individual epigrams on a wide range of topics. While some of them are <a href="/wiki/Dedication_(art)" title="Dedication (art)">dedicatory</a> or <a href="/wiki/Headstone#inscriptions" class="mw-redirect" title="Headstone">sepulchral</a>, others touch on <a href="/wiki/Erotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Erotic">erotic</a> and purely literary themes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller1998188_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller1998188-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of them were transmitted in the <i><a href="/wiki/Palatine_Anthology" title="Palatine Anthology">Palatine Anthology</a></i>, a 10th-century <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscript</a> discovered in 1606 at <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> containing a collection of Greek epigrams and poems.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980138_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980138-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often written from a first-person perspective, the <i>Epigrams</i> offer a great variety of styles and draw on different branches of the epigrammatic tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcosta-Hughes2019319–320_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcosta-Hughes2019319–320-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Callimachus scholar Benjamin Acosta-Hughes, "[t]heir intelligent play on language, meter, and word placement" have placed the poems among the most prominent works of the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcosta-Hughes2019319_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcosta-Hughes2019319-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hymns"><i>Hymns</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hymns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeus_Camiros_Rhodes_black_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Damaged marble statue of a man with following hair and beard with naked torso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Zeus_Camiros_Rhodes_black_background.jpg/220px-Zeus_Camiros_Rhodes_black_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Zeus_Camiros_Rhodes_black_background.jpg/330px-Zeus_Camiros_Rhodes_black_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Zeus_Camiros_Rhodes_black_background.jpg/440px-Zeus_Camiros_Rhodes_black_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="4592" /></a><figcaption>Callimachus wrote six <a href="/wiki/Hymns" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymns">hymns</a> to gods of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Pantheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Pantheon">Greek Pantheon</a>, including one to <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>. This statue of the god was found at <a href="/wiki/Camirus" title="Camirus">Camirus</a> and is housed at the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Rhodes" title="Archaeological Museum of Rhodes">Archaeological Museum of Rhodes</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Among the oldest forms of religious writing, <a href="/wiki/Hymns" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymns">hymns</a> were "formal addresses to a god or group of gods on behalf of a community".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephens20159_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens20159-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cultic hymns were written and performed in honour of a particular god; examples of this genre can be found in most <a href="/wiki/Greek_lyric" title="Greek lyric">Greek lyric poets</a>. A typical hymn would contain an <a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">invocation</a> of the god, praise of his or her attributes, and a concluding prayer with a request for a favour.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephens20159–10_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens20159–10-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Callimachus wrote six such hymns,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200762_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200762-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which can be divided into two groups: his <i>Hymn to Apollo</i>, <i>to Demeter</i> and <i>to Athena</i> are considered <a href="/wiki/Mimetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimetic">mimetic</a> because they present themselves as live re-enactments of a religious ritual in which both the speaker and the audience are imagined to take part. The <i>Hymn to Zeus</i>, <i>to Demeter</i>, and <i>to Delos</i> are viewed as non-mimetic since they do not re-create a ritual situation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephens201511_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens201511-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is contested among scholars of ancient literature whether Callimachus's hymns had any real religious significance. The dominant view holds that they were literary creations to be read exclusively as poetry, though some scholars have linked individual elements to contemporary ritual practice. This issue is further complicated by Callimachus's purposeful amalgamation of fiction and potential real-world performance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephens201511–12_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens201511–12-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aetia"><i>Aetia</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aetia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aetia_(Callimachus)" title="Aetia (Callimachus)">Aetia (Callimachus)</a></div> <p>The Greek word <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">αἴτιον</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">aition</i></span>, 'cause')<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> means an attempt to explain contemporary phenomena with a story from the <a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">mythical past</a>. The title of Callimachus's work can be roughly translated into English as "origins".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFantuzzi2006_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFantuzzi2006-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Aetia</i> contains a collection of origin stories. Ranging in size from a few lines to extensive narratives, they are unified by a common metre—the <a href="/wiki/Elegiac_couplet" title="Elegiac couplet">elegiac couplet</a>. With few exceptions, the collection is the earliest extant source for most of the myths it presents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFantuzzi2006_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFantuzzi2006-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the work, the poet's voice repeatedly intrudes into his narratives to offer comments on the dramatic situation. This pattern is described by the <a href="/wiki/Hellenist" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenist">Hellenist</a> <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Gutzwiller" title="Kathryn Gutzwiller">Kathryn Gutzwiller</a> as one of the poem's most influential features.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200765_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200765-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The poem is thought to have had about 4,000 lines and is organised into four individual books, which are divided in halves on stylistic grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParsons2015_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParsons2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first book, Callimachus describes a dream in which, as a young man, he was transported by the <a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Helicon" title="Mount Helicon">Mount Helicon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a>. The young poet interrogates the goddesses about the origins of unusual present day customs. This dialogue frames all aetiologies presented in the first book.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200763_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200763-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stories in the book include those of <a href="/wiki/Coroebus_(Argos)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coroebus (Argos)">Linus and Coroebus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theiodamas, king of the <a href="/wiki/Dryopes" title="Dryopes">Dryopes</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the voyage of the <a href="/wiki/Argonauts" title="Argonauts">Argonauts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second book continues the first's dialectic structure. It may have been set at a <a href="/wiki/Symposium" title="Symposium">symposium</a> at <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, where Callimachus worked as a <a href="/wiki/Librarian" title="Librarian">librarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scholar" title="Scholar">scholar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200763_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200763-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since most of its content has been lost, little is known about Book 2.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarder201210_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarder201210-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only aetiology commonly assumed to have been placed in the book are the stories <a href="/wiki/Busiris_(king_of_Egypt)" title="Busiris (king of Egypt)">Busiris</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phalaris" title="Phalaris">Phalaris</a>, the tyrant of <a href="/wiki/Akragas" class="mw-redirect" title="Akragas">Akragas</a>, who were known for their excessive cruelty.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second half of the <i>Aetia</i> does not follow the pattern established in Books 1 and 2. Instead, individual aetiologies are set in a variety of dramatic situations and do not form a contiguous narrative.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199745_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199745-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The books are framed by two well known narratives: Book 3 opens with the <i>Victory of Berenice</i>. Composed in the style of a <a href="/wiki/Pindaric_Ode" class="mw-redirect" title="Pindaric Ode">Pindaric Ode</a>, the self-contained poem celebrates queen Berenice's victory in the <a href="/wiki/Nemean_Games" title="Nemean Games">Nemean Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarder201211_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarder201211-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enveloped within the <a href="/wiki/Epinician" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinician">epinician</a> narrative is an aetiology of the games themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200766_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200766-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The end of Book 4 and the <i>Aetia</i> as a whole is marked by another court poem, the <i>Lock of Berenice</i>. In it, Callimachus relates how the queen gave a lock of her hair as a <a href="/wiki/Votive_offering" title="Votive offering">votive offering</a> which later became a constellation, the <a href="/wiki/Coma_Berenices" title="Coma Berenices">Coma Berenices</a> ("Hair of Berenice").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayman2011229–30_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayman2011229–30-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another notable story from the second half of the work is the love story of <a href="/wiki/Acontius" title="Acontius">Acontius and Cydippe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199747–8_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199747–8-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iambs"><i>Iambs</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Iambs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the close of his <i>Aetia</i>, Callimachus wrote that he would proceed to a more pedestrian field of poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this, he referred to his collection of 13 <i>Iambs</i>, drawing on an established tradition of <a href="/wiki/Iambic_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Iambic poetry">iambic poetry</a> whose defining feature was their aggressive, satirical tone. Although the poems are poorly preserved, their content is known from a set of ancient summaries (<i>diegeseis</i>). In the <i>Iambs</i>, Callimachus critically comments on issues of interest, revolving mostly around <a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetics</a> and personal relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200767_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200767-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He uses the polemical tone of the genre to defend himself against critics of his poetic style and his tendency to write in a variety of genres. This is made explicit in the final poem of the collection, where the poet compares himself to a <a href="/wiki/Carpenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpenter">carpenter</a> who is praised for crafting many different objects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200768_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200768-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Iambs</i> are notable for their vivid language. Callimachus couches his aesthetic criticism in vivid imagery taken from the natural and social world: rival scholars are compared to wasps swarming from the ground and to flies resting on a goatherd. He often mixes different metaphors to create effects of "wit and incongruity", such as when a laurel tree is described as "glaring like a wild bull".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198073_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson198073-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferguson also notes the poems' witty use of proverbs in dialectic passages of dialogue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198073_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson198073-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hecale"><i>Hecale</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hecale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hecale_(poem)" title="Hecale (poem)">Hecale (poem)</a></div> <p>Callimachus made only one attempt at writing a narrative poem, a mythological <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic</a> entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Hecale_(poem)" title="Hecale (poem)">Hecale</a></i>. Since the poem is estimated to run to have had around 1000 lines, it constitutes an <a href="/wiki/Epyllion" title="Epyllion">epyllion</a>, a shorter form of epic poetry dealing with topics not traditionally present in larger-scale works.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200768_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200768-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It recounts a story about the Greek hero <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a>, who, after liberating the city of <a href="/wiki/Marathon,_Greece" title="Marathon, Greece">Marathon</a> from a destructive bull, was hosted by a poor but kindly old woman named <a href="/wiki/Hecale" title="Hecale">Hecale</a>. They form a friendship as she recounts her former life as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_class" title="Upper class">upper class</a>. At the end of the poem, Theseus establishes an annual feast and a sanctuary to <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> in honour of his host.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200769_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200769-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since most of Callimachus's poetry is critical of epic as a genre, there has been some speculation about why he chose to write an epic poem after all. The author of a <a href="/wiki/Scholium" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholium">scholium</a>, an ancient commentary on the work of Callimachus, stated that Callimachus abandoned his reluctance after being ridiculed for not writing lengthy poems. This explanation was probably derived from the poet's own intimation at the start of the <i>Aetia</i> and is therefore of limited authority.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron1995137_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron1995137-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Cameron, Callimachus may have conceived the <i>Hecale</i> as a model epic according to his own tastes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron1995137–138_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron1995137–138-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pinakes"><i>Pinakes</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pinakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pinakes" title="Pinakes">Pinakes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancientlibraryalex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="drawing of column-studded room in which men study rolls of papyrus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ancientlibraryalex.jpg/220px-Ancientlibraryalex.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ancientlibraryalex.jpg/330px-Ancientlibraryalex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ancientlibraryalex.jpg/440px-Ancientlibraryalex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption>19th-century artistic rendering of the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria" title="Library of Alexandria">Library of Alexandria</a>, where Callimachus compiled the <i><a href="/wiki/Pinakes" title="Pinakes">Pinakes</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>When working at the Library of Alexandria, Callimachus was responsible for the library's cataloguing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasson200138–39_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasson200138–39-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this function, he compiled a detailed bibliography of all existing Greek literature deriving from the library's shelf-lists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasson200139_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasson200139-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His catalogue, named <i>Pinakes</i> after the plural of the Greek for 'tablet' (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">πίναξ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">pinax</i></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitty1958132_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitty1958132-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> amounted to 120 volumes or five times the length of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i>. Although the <i>Pinakes</i> have not survived the end of antiquity, scholars have reconstructed their content from references in surviving classical literature. Authors and their works were divided into the broad categories of 'poetry' and 'prose'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasson200139_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasson200139-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both categories were further broken down into precise subcategories. For poets, these included, among others, 'drama', 'epic', and 'lyric'; for prose writers, 'philosophy', 'oratory', 'history', and 'medicine'. Entries were sorted alphabetically, giving an author's biography and a list of his works.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasson200139–40_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasson200139–40-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the classicist <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Casson" title="Lionel Casson">Lionel Casson</a>, the <i>Pinakes</i> were the first comprehensive bibliographic resource for Greek literature<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasson200140–41_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasson200140–41-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a "vital reference tool" for using the Alexandrian Library.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasson200141_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasson200141-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Callimacheanism">Callimacheanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Callimacheanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his poetry, Callimachus espoused an <a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Aesthetic philosophy">aesthetic philosophy</a> that has become known as Callimacheanism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcosta-HughesStephens20121_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcosta-HughesStephens20121-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He favoured small-scale topics over large and prominent ones,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200760–61_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200760–61-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and refinement over long works of poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParsons2015_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParsons2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the beginning of the <i>Aetia</i>, he summarised his poetic programme in an allegory spoken by the god <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>: "my good poet, feed my victim as fat as possible, but keep your Muse slender. This, too, I order from you: tread the way that wagons do not trample. Do not drive in the same tracks as others or on a wide road but on an untrodden path, even if yours is more narrow."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The allegory is directed against the predominant poetic form of the day: <a href="/wiki/Heroic_epic" class="mw-redirect" title="Heroic epic">heroic epic</a>, which could run to dozens of books in length. Contained in the allegory are two reasons why Callimachus did not write in this genre: firstly, to Callimachus, poetry required a high level of refinement which could not be sustained over the course of a drawn-out work;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980159–160_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980159–160-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> secondly, most of his contemporaries were writers of epic, creating an over-saturation of the genre which he sought to avoid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980160_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980160-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, he was interested in recondite, experimental, learned and even obscure topics. His poetry nevertheless surpasses epic in its allusions to previous literature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParsons2015_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParsons2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Callimachus attempted to differentiate himself from other poets, his aesthetic philosophy is sometimes subsumed under the term of <a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_school#Literature" title="Alexandrian school">Alexandrianism</a>, describing the entirety of Greek literature written in Alexandria during the 3rd century BC. In spite of their differences, his work shares many characteristics with that of his contemporaries including the <a href="/wiki/Didacticism" title="Didacticism">didactic poet</a> <a href="/wiki/Aratus" title="Aratus">Aratus</a>, the epicist <a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Rhodes" title="Apollonius of Rhodes">Apollonius of Rhodes</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pastoral" title="Pastoral">pastoral</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Theocritus" title="Theocritus">Theocritus</a>. They all interacted with earlier Greek literature, especially the poems of Homer and <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>. Drawing on the Library of Alexandria, they all displayed an interest in intellectual pursuits, and they all attempted to revive neglected forms of poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980161–162_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980161–162-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Callimachus used both direct and indirect characterization in his works.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of comparisons and similes is rather sparse.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of intertextuality is observed in <i>Hymn 6</i>, where descriptions of other characters are offered in order to provide contrast to the characterization of the main character.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frequent allusions to the <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> appear, for example reference to Antilochus in <i>Hymn 6.</i> Some Homeric influences can be seen through the use of Homeric <a href="/wiki/Hapax_legomenon" title="Hapax legomenon">hapaxes</a>, such as katōmadian.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient">Ancient</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ancient"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgil_Reading_the_Aeneid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Painting of a group of four people in Roman dress. One of them reads from a scroll." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Virgil_Reading_the_Aeneid.jpg/220px-Virgil_Reading_the_Aeneid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Virgil_Reading_the_Aeneid.jpg/330px-Virgil_Reading_the_Aeneid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Virgil_Reading_the_Aeneid.jpg/440px-Virgil_Reading_the_Aeneid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vergil" class="mw-redirect" title="Vergil">Vergil</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> interacts frequently with the work of Callimachus. This late-18th-century painting by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Wicar" title="Jean-Baptiste Wicar">Jean-Baptiste Wicar</a> shows Vergil reciting his poem to the emperor <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Callimachus and his aesthetic philosophy became an important point of reference for Roman poets of the late <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a> and the early <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Catullus" title="Catullus">Catullus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vergil" class="mw-redirect" title="Vergil">Vergil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Propertius" title="Propertius">Propertius</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> saw his poetry as one of their "principal model[s]".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter20121_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunter20121-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the complexity of his poetic production, Roman authors did not attempt to reproduce Callimachus's poems but creatively reused them in their own work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarchiesi2011512_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarchiesi2011512-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vergil, in his <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i>, an epic about the wanderings of <a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a>, repeatedly alludes to Callimachus when contemplating the nature of his own poetry. Having followed Callimachus's example by rejecting traditional epic poetics in his 6th <a href="/wiki/Eclogue" title="Eclogue">Eclogue</a>, Vergil labels his <i>Aeneid</i> as a "better work" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">maius opus</i>). Vergil's formulation leaves open whether he sought to write an epic with the refinement called for by Callimachus or whether he had turned his back on Callimacheanism as his career progressed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarchiesi2011522_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarchiesi2011522-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Having referred to himself as a "Roman Callimachus" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Romanus Callimachus</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Elegy" title="Elegy">elegist</a> Propertius follows the example of Callimachus's <i>Aetia</i> by introducing obscure mythological material and numerous recondite details into his erotic history of Rome. At the same time, he challenges Callimachean learnedness by depicting <a href="/wiki/Low_culture" title="Low culture">lowbrow</a> details of contemporary <a href="/wiki/Nightlife" title="Nightlife">nightlife</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Strippers" class="mw-redirect" title="Strippers">strippers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dwarfism" title="Dwarfism">dwarfs</a> kept for entertainment purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarchiesi2011514_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarchiesi2011514-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovid described Callimachus as "lacking in genius but strong in art" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Quamvis ingenio non valet, arte valet</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His statement, though seemingly a criticism of the poet, pays homage to Callimachus's belief that technical skill and erudition were the most important attributes of a poet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200761_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200761-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern">Modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Modern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Classical scholars place Callimachus among the most influential Greek poets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmbühl2012_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmbühl2012-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Kathryn Gutzwiller, he "reinvented Greek poetry for the Hellenistic age by devising a personal style that came, through its manifestations in Roman poetry, to influence the entire tradition of modern literature".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200760_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200760-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also writes that his lasting importance is demonstrated by the strong reactions his poetry elicited from contemporaries and posterity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200761_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200761-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Hunter" title="Richard L. Hunter">Richard L. Hunter</a>, an expert on Greek literature of the Hellenistic period, states that the selective reception of Callimachus through Roman poets has led to a simplified picture of his poetry. Hunter writes that modern critics have drawn up a <a href="/wiki/False_dichotomy" class="mw-redirect" title="False dichotomy">false dichotomy</a> between the "content-laden and socially engaged poetry of the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">archaic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">classical periods</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter20122_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunter20122-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a sophisticated, but meaningless style proposed by Callimachus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter20122–3_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunter20122–3-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Echoing Hunter's assessment in their 2012 book on the reception of Callimachus, the Hellenists Benjamin Acosta-Hughes and Susan Stephens comment that the scarcity of primary evidence and the reliance on Roman accounts has created a label of Callimacheanism that does not accurately represent his literary work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcosta-HughesStephens20121_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcosta-HughesStephens20121-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunter20121-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter20121_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter20121_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHunter2012">Hunter 2012</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200760-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200760_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200760_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200760_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGutzwiller2007">Gutzwiller 2007</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson198023-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198023_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198023_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198023_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerguson1980">Ferguson 1980</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200761–62-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200761–62_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGutzwiller2007">Gutzwiller 2007</a>, pp. 61–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson198023–24-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198023–24_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerguson1980">Ferguson 1980</a>, pp. 23–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson198024-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198024_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198024_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198024_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerguson1980">Ferguson 1980</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron19955-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron19955_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCameron1995">Cameron 1995</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson198026-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198026_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerguson1980">Ferguson 1980</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParsons2015-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParsons2015_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParsons2015_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParsons2015_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParsons2015_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParsons2015_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParsons2015">Parsons 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFArkins1988" class="citation journal cs1">Arkins, Brian (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41540879">"The Freedom of Influence: Callimachus and Latin Poetry"</a>. <i>Latomus</i>. <b>47</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">285–</span>293. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0023-8856">0023-8856</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41540879">41540879</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Latomus&rft.atitle=The+Freedom+of+Influence%3A+Callimachus+and+Latin+Poetry&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E285-%3C%2Fspan%3E293&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41540879%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0023-8856&rft.aulast=Arkins&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41540879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980136–7-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980136–7_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerguson1980">Ferguson 1980</a>, pp. 136–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller1998188-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller1998188_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGutzwiller1998">Gutzwiller 1998</a>, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980138-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980138_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerguson1980">Ferguson 1980</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcosta-Hughes2019319–320-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcosta-Hughes2019319–320_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcosta-Hughes2019">Acosta-Hughes 2019</a>, pp. 319–320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcosta-Hughes2019319-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcosta-Hughes2019319_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcosta-Hughes2019">Acosta-Hughes 2019</a>, p. 319.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens20159-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephens20159_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStephens2015">Stephens 2015</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens20159–10-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephens20159–10_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStephens2015">Stephens 2015</a>, pp. 9–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200762-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200762_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGutzwiller2007">Gutzwiller 2007</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens201511-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephens201511_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStephens2015">Stephens 2015</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephens201511–12-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephens201511–12_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStephens2015">Stephens 2015</a>, pp. 11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"αἴτιος II 2". <i><a href="/wiki/LSJ" class="mw-redirect" title="LSJ">LSJ</a></i>. Oxford. 1940.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%CE%B1%E1%BC%B4%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82+II+2&rft.btitle=LSJ&rft.place=Oxford&rft.date=1940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFantuzzi2006-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFantuzzi2006_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFantuzzi2006_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFantuzzi2006">Fantuzzi 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200765-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200765_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGutzwiller2007">Gutzwiller 2007</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200763-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200763_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200763_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGutzwiller2007">Gutzwiller 2007</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Callim. <i>Aet.</i> fr. 26–8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Callim. <i>Aet.</i> fr. 24–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Callim. <i>Aet.</i> fr. 7.19–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarder201210-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarder201210_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarder2012">Harder 2012</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Callim. <i>Aet.</i> fr. 44–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199745-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199745_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHutchinson1997">Hutchinson 1997</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarder201211-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarder201211_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarder2012">Harder 2012</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200766-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200766_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGutzwiller2007">Gutzwiller 2007</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayman2011229–30-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayman2011229–30_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayman2011">Clayman 2011</a>, pp. 229–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199747–8-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199747–8_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHutchinson1997">Hutchinson 1997</a>, pp. 47–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Callim. <i>Aet.</i> fr. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200767-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200767_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGutzwiller2007">Gutzwiller 2007</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200768-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200768_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200768_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGutzwiller2007">Gutzwiller 2007</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson198073-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198073_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson198073_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerguson1980">Ferguson 1980</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200769-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200769_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGutzwiller2007">Gutzwiller 2007</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron1995137-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron1995137_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCameron1995">Cameron 1995</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron1995137–138-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron1995137–138_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCameron1995">Cameron 1995</a>, pp. 137–138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECasson200138–39-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasson200138–39_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCasson2001">Casson 2001</a>, pp. 38–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECasson200139-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasson200139_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasson200139_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCasson2001">Casson 2001</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitty1958132-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitty1958132_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWitty1958">Witty 1958</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECasson200139–40-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasson200139–40_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCasson2001">Casson 2001</a>, pp. 39–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECasson200140–41-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasson200140–41_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCasson2001">Casson 2001</a>, pp. 40–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECasson200141-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasson200141_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCasson2001">Casson 2001</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcosta-HughesStephens20121-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcosta-HughesStephens20121_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcosta-HughesStephens20121_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcosta-HughesStephens2012">Acosta-Hughes & Stephens 2012</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200760–61-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200760–61_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGutzwiller2007">Gutzwiller 2007</a>, pp. 60–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Callim. <i>Aet</i> fr. 1.23–30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980159–160-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980159–160_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerguson1980">Ferguson 1980</a>, pp. 159–160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980160-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980160_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerguson1980">Ferguson 1980</a>, p. 160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980161–162-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1980161–162_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerguson1980">Ferguson 1980</a>, pp. 161–162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_54-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarder2018" class="citation cs2">Harder, Annette (2018), De Temmerman, Koen; van Emde Boas, Evert (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctv29sfv4t.11">"Callimachus"</a>, <i>Characterization in Ancient Greek Literature</i>, Studies in Ancient Greek Narrative, vol. 4, Brill, pp. <span class="nowrap">100–</span>115, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-35630-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-35630-6"><bdi>978-90-04-35630-6</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctv29sfv4t.11">10.1163/j.ctv29sfv4t.11</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Characterization+in+Ancient+Greek+Literature&rft.atitle=Callimachus&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E100-%3C%2Fspan%3E115&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1163%2Fj.ctv29sfv4t.11%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-90-04-35630-6&rft.aulast=Harder&rft.aufirst=Annette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1163%2Fj.ctv29sfv4t.11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarchiesi2011512-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarchiesi2011512_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarchiesi2011">Barchiesi 2011</a>, p. 512.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarchiesi2011522-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarchiesi2011522_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarchiesi2011">Barchiesi 2011</a>, p. 522.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarchiesi2011514-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarchiesi2011514_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarchiesi2011">Barchiesi 2011</a>, p. 514.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ov. <i>Am.</i> 1.15.14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200761-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200761_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutzwiller200761_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGutzwiller2007">Gutzwiller 2007</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmbühl2012-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmbühl2012_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAmbühl2012">Ambühl 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunter20122-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter20122_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHunter2012">Hunter 2012</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunter20122–3-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunter20122–3_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHunter2012">Hunter 2012</a>, pp. 2–3.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcosta-Hughes2019" class="citation book cs1">Acosta-Hughes, Benjamin (2019). "Callimachus on the Death of a Friend: A Short Study of Callimachean Epigram". In Henriksén, Christer (ed.). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118841709.ch18"><i>A Companion to Ancient Epigram</i></a></span>. Hoboken, New Jersey: <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">319–</span>335. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118841709.ch18">10.1002/9781118841709.ch18</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-84170-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-84170-9"><bdi>978-1-118-84170-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192306891">192306891</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Callimachus+on+the+Death+of+a+Friend%3A+A+Short+Study+of+Callimachean+Epigram&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Ancient+Epigram&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E319-%3C%2Fspan%3E335&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A192306891%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781118841709.ch18&rft.isbn=978-1-118-84170-9&rft.aulast=Acosta-Hughes&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1002%2F9781118841709.ch18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcosta-HughesStephens2012" class="citation book cs1">Acosta-Hughes, Benjamin; Stephens, Susan (2012). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/callimachus-in-context/ED3A4226DD51E972CE025844662A443B"><i>Callimachus in Context: from Plato to the Augustan Poets</i></a></span>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-511-91999-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-511-91999-2"><bdi>978-0-511-91999-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Callimachus+in+Context%3A+from+Plato+to+the+Augustan+Poets&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-511-91999-2&rft.aulast=Acosta-Hughes&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.au=Stephens%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fcallimachus-in-context%2FED3A4226DD51E972CE025844662A443B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmbühl2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ambühl, Annemarie (2012). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly-supplements-i-5/callimachus-e606510?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.cluster.New+Pauly+Online&s.q=callimachus">"Callimachus"</a></span>. In Wibier, Matthijs (ed.). <i>Brill's New Pauly Supplements I – Volume 5 : The Reception of Classical Literature</i>. Leiden: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-21893-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-21893-2"><bdi>978-90-04-21893-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Callimachus&rft.btitle=Brill%27s+New+Pauly+Supplements+I+%E2%80%93+Volume+5+%3A+The+Reception+of+Classical+Literature&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-90-04-21893-2&rft.aulast=Amb%C3%BChl&rft.aufirst=Annemarie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fbrill-s-new-pauly-supplements-i-5%2Fcallimachus-e606510%3Fs.num%3D0%26s.f.s2_parent%3Ds.f.cluster.New%2BPauly%2BOnline%26s.q%3Dcallimachus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarchiesi2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Barchiesi" title="Alessandro Barchiesi">Barchiesi, Alessandro</a> (2011). "Roman Callimachus". In Acosta-Hughes, Benjamis; Lehnus, Luigi; Stephens, Susan (eds.). <i>Brill's Companion to Callimachus</i>. Leiden: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">511–</span>533. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-21697-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-21697-6"><bdi>978-90-04-21697-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Roman+Callimachus&rft.btitle=Brill%27s+Companion+to+Callimachus&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E511-%3C%2Fspan%3E533&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-04-21697-6&rft.aulast=Barchiesi&rft.aufirst=Alessandro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCameron1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cameron_(classicist)" title="Alan Cameron (classicist)">Cameron, Alan</a> (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/callimachushiscr00came/page/n9/mode/2up"><i>Callimachus and His Critics</i></a></span>. Princeton, New Jersey: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-04367-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-04367-8"><bdi>978-0-691-04367-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Callimachus+and+His+Critics&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-691-04367-8&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcallimachushiscr00came%2Fpage%2Fn9%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasson2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Casson" title="Lionel Casson">Casson, Lionel</a> (2001). <i>Libraries in the Ancient World</i>. New Haven, Connecticut: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09721-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09721-4"><bdi>978-0-300-09721-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Libraries+in+the+Ancient+World&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-300-09721-4&rft.aulast=Casson&rft.aufirst=Lionel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayman2011" class="citation journal cs1">Clayman, Dee (2011). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41289743">"Berenice and her Lock"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Transactions_of_the_American_Philological_Association" title="Transactions of the American Philological Association">Transactions of the American Philological Association</a></i>. <b>141</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">229–</span>46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fapa.2011.0013">10.1353/apa.2011.0013</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41289743">41289743</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162367582">162367582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Philological+Association&rft.atitle=Berenice+and+her+Lock&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E229-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162367582%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41289743%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fapa.2011.0013&rft.aulast=Clayman&rft.aufirst=Dee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fpdf%2F41289743&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFantuzzi2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Fantuzzi, Marco (2006). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/aetiology-e111190?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.brill-s-new-pauly&s.q=Aetiology">"Aetiology. I. Greek literature"</a></span>. In Cancik, Hubert; Schneider, Helmuth (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Brill%27s_New_Pauly" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill's New Pauly">Brill's New Pauly</a></i>. Leiden: Brill Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12259-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12259-8"><bdi>978-90-04-12259-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aetiology.+I.+Greek+literature&rft.btitle=Brill%27s+New+Pauly&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12259-8&rft.aulast=Fantuzzi&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fbrill-s-new-pauly%2Faetiology-e111190%3Fs.num%3D0%26s.f.s2_parent%3Ds.f.book.brill-s-new-pauly%26s.q%3DAetiology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerguson1980" class="citation book cs1">Ferguson, John (1980). <i>Callimachus</i>. Boston: Twayne Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8057-6431-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8057-6431-4"><bdi>978-0-8057-6431-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Callimachus&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Twayne+Publishers&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-8057-6431-4&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutzwiller2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Gutzwiller" title="Kathryn Gutzwiller">Gutzwiller, Kathryn</a> (2007). Gutzwiller, Kathryn (ed.). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470690185"><i>A Guide to Hellenistic Literature</i></a></span>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Blackwell_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackwell Publishers">Blackwell Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9780470690185">10.1002/9780470690185</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-23321-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-23321-3"><bdi>978-0-631-23321-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+Hellenistic+Literature&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9780470690185&rft.isbn=978-0-631-23321-3&rft.aulast=Gutzwiller&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fbook%2F10.1002%2F9780470690185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutzwiller1998" class="citation book cs1">Gutzwiller, Kathryn (1998). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fulcrum.org/concern/monographs/g732d958w"><i>Poetic Garlands: Hellenistic Epigrams in Context</i></a></span>. Berkeley, California: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-91897-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-91897-9"><bdi>978-0-520-91897-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poetic+Garlands%3A+Hellenistic+Epigrams+in+Context&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-520-91897-9&rft.aulast=Gutzwiller&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fulcrum.org%2Fconcern%2Fmonographs%2Fg732d958w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarder2012" class="citation book cs1">Harder, Annette (2012). <i>Callimachus: Aetia. Volume 1</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-958101-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-958101-6"><bdi>978-0-19-958101-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Callimachus%3A+Aetia.+Volume+1&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-958101-6&rft.aulast=Harder&rft.aufirst=Annette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Hunter" title="Richard L. Hunter">Hunter, Richard</a> (2012). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/shadow-of-callimachus/B9C3B17BFB1EAEF7D5AABE5175F819CA"><i>The Shadow of Callimachus: Studies in the Reception of Hellenistic Poetry at Rome</i></a></span>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-511-61849-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-511-61849-9"><bdi>978-0-511-61849-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shadow+of+Callimachus%3A+Studies+in+the+Reception+of+Hellenistic+Poetry+at+Rome&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-511-61849-9&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fshadow-of-callimachus%2FB9C3B17BFB1EAEF7D5AABE5175F819CA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Hutchinson_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory Hutchinson (academic)">Hutchinson, Gregory</a> (1997). <i>Hellenistic Poetry</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-814748-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-814748-0"><bdi>978-0-19-814748-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hellenistic+Poetry&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-19-814748-0&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParsons2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Parsons" title="Peter J. Parsons">Parsons, Peter</a> (22 December 2015). "Callimachus (3), of Cyrene, "Battiades," Greek poet and scholar". In Goldberg, Sander (ed.). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxfordre.com/classics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.001.0001/acrefore-9780199381135-e-1278"><i>Callimachus(3)</i></a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Classical_Dictionary" title="Oxford Classical Dictionary">Oxford Classical Dictionary</a></i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199381135.013.1278">10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1278</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-938113-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-938113-5"><bdi>978-0-19-938113-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Callimachus%283%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Classical+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015-12-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199381135.013.1278&rft.isbn=978-0-19-938113-5&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foxfordre.com%2Fclassics%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199381135.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780199381135-e-1278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephens2015" class="citation book cs1">Stephens, Susan (2015). <i>Callimachus: The Hymns</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-978304-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-978304-5"><bdi>978-0-19-978304-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Callimachus%3A+The+Hymns&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-978304-5&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitty1958" class="citation journal cs1">Witty, Francis (1958). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4304755">"The Pínakes of Callimachus"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Library_Quarterly" title="The Library Quarterly">The Library Quarterly</a></i>. <b>28</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">132–</span>136. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F618523">10.1086/618523</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0024-2519">0024-2519</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4304755">4304755</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147795289">147795289</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Library+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+P%C3%ADnakes+of+Callimachus&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E132-%3C%2Fspan%3E136&rft.date=1958&rft.issn=0024-2519&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147795289%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4304755%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F618523&rft.aulast=Witty&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4304755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACallimachus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Callimachus</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Callimachus&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Callimachus">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Callimachus&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><b>By Callimachus</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Callimachus&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Callimachus">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Callimachus&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Callimachus" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Callimachus">Callimachus</a> at Wikiquote</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Greek <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="s:el:Καλλίμαχος">Καλλίμαχος</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource logo"><img alt="Wikisource logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Works by or about <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Callimachus" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Callimachus">Callimachus</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192417#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4715" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192417#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4715" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192417#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000116914817">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/227445321">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/99454635">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1119154381016330291560">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/575144647709574344339">4</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/579144647714215276450">5</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/109219133">6</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/362160667876403560002">7</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/84208787">8</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/298764907">9</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/122037216">10</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/141158790511738850835">11</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/60168109565243630001">12</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/52915/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjrRCGrDg7QRcCH948wdw3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Callimachus"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118518488">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80040584">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119298506">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119298506">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Callimachus"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV034755">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20020115046&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1720177">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/19826">Portugal</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/19827">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069648034">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90172245">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000133548&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000069536&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000163207">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=19648">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/0xbdd6tj1zmp8x2">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810701257005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/12706">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007259316805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515376606706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13922258">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01745312?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/51d26e58-b4ba-4d84-a800-6ea0fdde88d4">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/798732">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118518488.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118518488">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027409546">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61c24f5">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&oldid=1275983818">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&oldid=1275983818</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greek_poets" title="Category:Ancient Greek poets">Ancient Greek poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greek_educators" title="Category:Ancient Greek educators">Ancient Greek educators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greek_erotic_poets" title="Category:Ancient Greek erotic poets">Ancient Greek erotic poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cyrenean_Greeks" title="Category:Cyrenean Greeks">Cyrenean Greeks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bibliographers" title="Category:Bibliographers">Bibliographers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Epigrammatists_of_the_Greek_Anthology" title="Category:Epigrammatists of the Greek Anthology">Epigrammatists of the Greek Anthology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Librarians_of_Alexandria" title="Category:Librarians of Alexandria">Librarians of Alexandria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iambic_poets" title="Category:Iambic poets">Iambic poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:3rd-century_BC_poets" title="Category:3rd-century BC poets">3rd-century BC poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hellenistic_poets" title="Category:Hellenistic poets">Hellenistic poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Callimachus" title="Category:Callimachus">Callimachus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hymnwriters" title="Category:Hymnwriters">Hymnwriters</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2021">Use dmy dates from May 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 February 2025, at 06:08<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Callimachus&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Callimachus</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>50 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-54bc5bdf84-94hj2","wgBackendResponseTime":114,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.954","walltime":"1.125","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7466,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":92798,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8203,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":90598,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1015.798 1 -total"," 20.85% 211.751 70 Template:Sfn"," 15.12% 153.625 1 Template:Authority_control"," 11.45% 116.325 6 Template:Langx"," 10.96% 111.356 1 Template:Reflist"," 8.11% 82.375 3 Template:Cite_journal"," 6.29% 63.909 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.13% 62.263 83 Template:Main_other"," 5.91% 60.006 12 Template:Cite_book"," 5.53% 56.149 1 Template:Infobox_writer"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.646","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20619396,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAcosta-Hughes2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAcosta-HughesStephens2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmbühl2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArkins1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarchiesi2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCameron1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCasson2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClayman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFantuzzi2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerguson1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGutzwiller1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGutzwiller2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarder2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarder2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunter2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutchinson1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParsons2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStephens2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitty1958\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 3,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox writer\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 6,\n [\"Library resources box\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 3,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 70,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Transl\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisource author-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisourcelang-inline\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-786d8bd985-s2r6c","timestamp":"20250216060819","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Callimachus","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Callimachus","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q192417","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q192417","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-09-30T21:16:48Z","dateModified":"2025-02-16T06:08:18Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f6\/P.Oxy._XI_1362.jpg","headline":"3rd-century BC Greek poet, scholar and librarian"}</script> </body> </html>