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<ul id="toc-Concurrent_CP/M-86-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Concurrent_CP/M-86_with_Windows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concurrent_CP/M-86_with_Windows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Concurrent CP/M-86 with Windows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concurrent_CP/M-86_with_Windows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concurrent_CP/M-86/80" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concurrent_CP/M-86/80"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Concurrent CP/M-86/80</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concurrent_CP/M-86/80-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concurrent_DOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concurrent_DOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Concurrent DOS</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Concurrent_DOS-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Concurrent DOS subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Concurrent_DOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Concurrent_PC_DOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concurrent_PC_DOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Concurrent PC DOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concurrent_PC_DOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concurrent_DOS_68K_and_FlexOS_68K" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concurrent_DOS_68K_and_FlexOS_68K"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Concurrent DOS 68K and FlexOS 68K</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concurrent_DOS_68K_and_FlexOS_68K-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concurrent_DOS_286_and_FlexOS_286" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concurrent_DOS_286_and_FlexOS_286"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Concurrent DOS 286 and FlexOS 286</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concurrent_DOS_286_and_FlexOS_286-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concurrent_DOS_XM_and_Concurrent_DOS_386" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concurrent_DOS_XM_and_Concurrent_DOS_386"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Concurrent DOS XM and Concurrent DOS 386</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concurrent_DOS_XM_and_Concurrent_DOS_386-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adaptations_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multiuser_DOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multiuser_DOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Multiuser DOS</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Multiuser_DOS-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 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id="toc-Concurrent_Controls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intelligent_Micro_Software,_Itera_and_Integrated_Solutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intelligent_Micro_Software,_Itera_and_Integrated_Solutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Intelligent Micro Software, Itera and Integrated Solutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intelligent_Micro_Software,_Itera_and_Integrated_Solutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-DOS_386_Professional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DOS_386_Professional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3.1</span> <span>DOS 386 Professional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DOS_386_Professional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IMS_Multiuser_DOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IMS_Multiuser_DOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3.2</span> <span>IMS Multiuser DOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IMS_Multiuser_DOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-REAL/32" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#REAL/32"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3.3</span> <span>REAL/32</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-REAL/32-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-REAL/NG" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#REAL/NG"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3.4</span> <span>REAL/NG</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-REAL/NG-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Application_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Application_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Application software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Application_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS XM">Concurrent DOS XM</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Family of CP/M- and DOS-compatible multi-user multi-tasking operating systems</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Operating system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Multiuser DOS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Novell_DR_Multiuser_DOS_Release_5.1_720x400.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Novell_DR_Multiuser_DOS_Release_5.1_720x400.png/300px-Novell_DR_Multiuser_DOS_Release_5.1_720x400.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Novell_DR_Multiuser_DOS_Release_5.1_720x400.png/450px-Novell_DR_Multiuser_DOS_Release_5.1_720x400.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Novell_DR_Multiuser_DOS_Release_5.1_720x400.png/600px-Novell_DR_Multiuser_DOS_Release_5.1_720x400.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Novell DR Multiuser DOS Release 5.1</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">OS family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">Discontinued</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Source model</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Closed_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed source">Closed source</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Final release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7.22 R18 / 21 April 2005<span class="noprint">; 19 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2005-04-21</span>)</span> (REAL/32: 7.95)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">Available in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Update method</th><td class="infobox-data">Re-installation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Package_manager" title="Package manager">Package manager</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000" title="Motorola 68000">68000</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monolithic_kernel" title="Monolithic kernel">Monolithic kernel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">Default<br />user interface</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">Command-line interface</a> (<a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data">Various (see notes)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Multiuser DOS</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">real-time</a> multi-user multi-tasking <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> for <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM PC</a>-compatible microcomputers. </p><p>An evolution of the older <b>Concurrent CP/M-86</b>, <b>Concurrent DOS</b> and <b>Concurrent DOS 386</b> operating systems, it was originally developed by <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> and acquired and further developed by <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a> in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_1991_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott_1991-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BW_1991_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BW_1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Allchin_1992_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allchin_1992-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its ancestry lies in the earlier Digital Research <a href="/wiki/8-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="8-bit">8-bit</a> operating systems <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> and <a href="/wiki/MP/M" title="MP/M">MP/M</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/16-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="16-bit">16-bit</a> single-tasking <a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a> which evolved from CP/M. </p><p>When Novell abandoned Multiuser DOS in 1992, the three master <a href="/wiki/Value-added_reseller" title="Value-added reseller">value-added resellers</a> (VARs) DataPac Australasia, <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Controls" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent Controls">Concurrent Controls</a><sup id="cite_ref-Barney_1994_CCI_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barney_1994_CCI-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_Micro_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent Micro Software">Intelligent Micro Software</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pontin_1995_IMS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pontin_1995_IMS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were allowed to take over and continued independent development into Datapac Multiuser DOS and System Manager, CCI Multiuser DOS, and IMS Multiuser DOS and REAL/32.<sup id="cite_ref-Pontin_1995_IMS_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pontin_1995_IMS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a> line, which evolved from <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_286" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 286">Concurrent DOS 286</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_68K" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 68K">Concurrent DOS 68K</a>, was sold off to <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Systems_Inc." title="Integrated Systems Inc.">Integrated Systems</a>, Inc. (ISI) in July 1994. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concurrent_CP/M-86"><span id="Concurrent_CP.2FM-86"></span><span class="anchor" id="CCP/M-86"></span>Concurrent CP/M-86</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Concurrent CP/M-86"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/MP/M#MP/M-86" title="MP/M">MP/M-86</a></div> <p>The initial version of <a href="/wiki/CP/M-86_1.0" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/M-86 1.0">CP/M-86 1.0</a> (with BDOS 2.x) was adapted and became available to the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a> in 1982. It was commercially unsuccessful as <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>'s <a href="/wiki/PC_DOS_1.0" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS 1.0">PC DOS 1.0</a> offered much the same facilities for a considerably lower price. Neither PC DOS nor CP/M-86 could fully exploit the power and capabilities of the new 16-bit machine. </p><p>It was soon supplemented by an implementation of CP/M's multitasking 'big brother', <a href="/wiki/MP/M-86_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="MP/M-86 2.0">MP/M-86 2.0</a>, since September 1981. This turned a PC into a multiuser machine capable of supporting multiple <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_user" title="Concurrent user">concurrent users</a> using <a href="/wiki/Dumb_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumb terminal">dumb terminals</a> attached by <a href="/wiki/Serial_port" title="Serial port">serial ports</a>. The environment presented to each user made it seem as if they had the entire computer to themselves. Since terminals cost a fraction of the then-substantial price of a complete PC, this offered considerable cost savings, as well as facilitating multi-user applications such as accounts or stock control in a time when PC networks were rare, very expensive and difficult to implement. </p><p><a href="/wiki/CP/M-86_1.1" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/M-86 1.1">CP/M-86 1.1</a> (with <a href="/wiki/BDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="BDOS">BDOS</a> 2.2) and MP/M-86 2.1 were merged to create Concurrent CP/M-86 3.0 (also known as CCP/M-86) with BDOS 3.0 in late 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-Kildall_1982_8-bit_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildall_1982_8-bit-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Strutynski" title="Kathryn Strutynski">Kathryn Strutynski</a>, the project manager for CP/M-86, was also the project manager for Concurrent CP/M-86. One of its designers was Francis "Frank" R. Holsworth.<sup id="cite_ref-Wein_2002_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wein_2002-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holsworth_2006_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holsworth_2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, this was a single-user operating system supporting true multi-tasking of up to four (in its default configuration) CP/M-86 compatible programs. Like its predecessors it could be configured for <a href="/wiki/Multi-processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-processor">multi-processor</a> support (see e.g. Concurrent CP/M-86/80) and also added "virtual screens" letting an operator switch between the interactions of multiple programs.<sup id="cite_ref-Kildall_1982_8-bit_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildall_1982_8-bit-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later versions supported dumb terminals and so could be deployed as multiuser systems. Concurrent CP/M-86 3.1 (BDOS 3.1) shipped on 21 February 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1984_CCPM31_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_CCPM31-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Concurrent_CP/M-86_with_Windows"><span id="Concurrent_CP.2FM-86_with_Windows"></span><span class="anchor" id="CCP/M-86_with_Windows"></span>Concurrent CP/M-86 with Windows</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Concurrent CP/M-86 with Windows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 1984 Digital Research also offered a version of Concurrent CP/M-86 with windowing capabilities named <b>Concurrent CP/M with Windows for the IBM Personal Computer and Personal Computer XT</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-CCPM_1984_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCPM_1984-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Concurrent_CP/M-86/80"><span id="Concurrent_CP.2FM-86.2F80"></span><span class="anchor" id="CCP/M-86/80"></span>Concurrent CP/M-86/80</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Concurrent CP/M-86/80"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/CP/M-86/80" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/M-86/80">CP/M-86/80</a>, <a href="/wiki/CP/M_8-16" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/M 8-16">CP/M 8-16</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MP/M_8-16" class="mw-redirect" title="MP/M 8-16">MP/M 8-16</a></div> <p>This was an adaptation of Concurrent CP/M-86 for the LSI-M4, LSI Octopus<sup id="cite_ref-LSI_Octopus_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LSI_Octopus-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and CAL PC computers. These machines had both 16-bit and 8-bit processors, because in the early days of 16-bit personal computing, 8-bit software was more available and often ran faster than the corresponding 16-bit software. Concurrent CP/M-86/80 allowed users to run both CP/M (8-bit) and CP/M-86 (16-bit) applications. When a command was entered, the operating system ran the corresponding application on either the 8-bit or the 16-bit processor, depending on whether the executable file had a <a href="/wiki/.COM_(file_extension)" class="mw-redirect" title=".COM (file extension)">.COM</a> or <a href="/wiki/CMD_file_(CP/M)" title="CMD file (CP/M)">.CMD</a> extension. It emulated a CP/M environment for 8-bit programs by translating CP/M <a href="/wiki/System_call" title="System call">system calls</a> into CP/M-86 system calls, which were then executed by the 16-bit processor.<sup id="cite_ref-Kildall_1982_8-bit_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildall_1982_8-bit-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concurrent_DOS"><span class="anchor" id="PCMODE"></span><span class="anchor" id="CDOS"></span>Concurrent DOS</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Concurrent DOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1983, Bruce Skidmore, Raymond D. Pedrizetti, Dave Brown and Gordon Edmonds teamed up to create PC-MODE,<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1984_PCMODE_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_PCMODE-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an optional module for Concurrent CP/M-86 3.1<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1984_CCPM31b_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_CCPM31b-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1984_MicroNotes1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_MicroNotes1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (with BDOS 3.1) to provide basic compatibility with <a href="/wiki/PC_DOS_1.1" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS 1.1">PC DOS 1.1</a> (and <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_1.1" class="mw-redirect" title="MS-DOS 1.1">MS-DOS 1.1</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1984_MicroNotes1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_MicroNotes1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was shown publicly at <a href="/wiki/COMDEX" title="COMDEX">COMDEX</a> in December 1983<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1984_PCMODE_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_PCMODE-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and shipped in March 1984 as Concurrent DOS 3.1 (a.k.a. CDOS with BDOS 3.1) to hardware vendors.<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1984_CDOS31_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_CDOS31-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1984_MicroNotes2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_MicroNotes2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simple DOS applications, which did not directly access the screen or other hardware, could be run. For example, although a console program such as <a href="/wiki/PKZIP" title="PKZIP">PKZIP</a> worked perfectly and offered more facilities than the CP/M-native <a href="/wiki/ARC_(file_format)" title="ARC (file format)">ARC</a> archiver, applications which performed screen manipulations, such as the <a href="/wiki/WordStar" title="WordStar">WordStar</a> <a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processor</a> for DOS, would not, and native Concurrent CP/M (or CP/M-86) versions were required. </p><p>While Concurrent DOS 3.1 up to 4.1 had been developed in the US, OEM adaptations and localizations were carried out by <a href="/wiki/DR_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="DR Europe">DR Europe</a>'s OEM Support Group in <a href="/wiki/Newbury,_Berkshire" title="Newbury, Berkshire">Newbury</a>, UK,<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1984_MicroNotes3_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_MicroNotes3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since 1983. </p><p>Digital Research positioned <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_4.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 4.1">Concurrent DOS 4.1</a> with <a href="/wiki/Graphics_Environment_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics Environment Manager">GEM</a> as alternative for <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>'s <a href="/wiki/TopView" class="mw-redirect" title="TopView">TopView</a> in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-CW_1985_CDOS41_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW_1985_CDOS41-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concurrent_PC_DOS"><span class="anchor" id="CDOS86"></span><span class="anchor" id="CPCDOS"></span><span class="anchor" id="CPCDOS3.2"></span><span class="anchor" id="CPCDOS4.1"></span><span class="anchor" id="CPCDOS4.11"></span>Concurrent PC DOS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Concurrent PC DOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Concurrent DOS 3.2 (with BDOS 3.2) in 1984 was compatible with applications for CP/M-86 1.x, Concurrent CP/M-86 3.x and PC DOS 2.0.<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1984_MicroNotes3_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_MicroNotes3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was available for many different hardware platforms. The version with an IBM PC compatible BIOS/XIOS was named Concurrent PC DOS 3.2. Kathryn Strutynski was the product manager for Concurrent PC DOS. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concurrent_DOS_68K_and_FlexOS_68K"><span class="anchor" id="CDOS68K"></span>Concurrent DOS 68K and FlexOS 68K</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Concurrent DOS 68K and FlexOS 68K"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Efforts being part of a cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a> since 1984<sup id="cite_ref-Gallant_1984_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallant_1984-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1984_MicroNotes1_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_MicroNotes1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led to the development of Concurrent DOS 68K in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>, Texas, as a successor to <a href="/wiki/CP/M-68K" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/M-68K">CP/M-68K</a> written in <a href="/wiki/C_language" class="mw-redirect" title="C language">C</a>. One of its main architects was Francis "Frank" R. Holsworth (using <a href="/wiki/Siglum" class="mw-redirect" title="Siglum">siglum</a> FRH).<sup id="cite_ref-Wein_2002_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wein_2002-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holsworth_2006_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holsworth_2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concurrent DOS 68K 1.0 became available for OEM evaluation in early 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-Knox_1986_CDOS68K_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knox_1986_CDOS68K-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Knox_1987_DRI_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knox_1987_DRI-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The effort received considerable funding worth several million dollars from Motorola<sup id="cite_ref-Knox_1986_CDOS68K_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knox_1986_CDOS68K-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was designed for their <a href="/wiki/68000" class="mw-redirect" title="68000">68000</a>/<a href="/wiki/68010" class="mw-redirect" title="68010">68010</a> processors. Like the earlier <a href="/wiki/GEMDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="GEMDOS">GEMDOS</a> system for 68000 processors it initially ran on the Motorola <a href="/wiki/VME_board" class="mw-redirect" title="VME board">VME</a>/10 development system.<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1984_MicroNotes1_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1984_MicroNotes1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concurrent DOS 68K 1.20/1.21 was available in April 1986,<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-3_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offered for about <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005200000000000000♠"></span>200<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> dollars</span> to OEMs.<sup id="cite_ref-Knox_1986_CDOS68K_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knox_1986_CDOS68K-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This system evolved into <a href="/wiki/FlexOS_68K" class="mw-redirect" title="FlexOS 68K">FlexOS 68K</a> in late 1986. </p><p>Known versions include: </p> <ul><li>Concurrent DOS 68K 1.0 (1985)<sup id="cite_ref-Knox_1986_CDOS68K_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knox_1986_CDOS68K-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Concurrent DOS 68K 1.1<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Concurrent DOS 68K 1.20 (April 1986,<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-3_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1986-05-27<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>Concurrent DOS 68K 1.21 (1986)<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-1_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-3_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concurrent_DOS_286_and_FlexOS_286"><span class="anchor" id="CCPM286"></span><span class="anchor" id="CDOS286"></span><span class="anchor" id="FlexOS"></span>Concurrent DOS 286 and FlexOS 286</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Concurrent DOS 286 and FlexOS 286"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In parallel to the Concurrent DOS 68K effort,<sup id="cite_ref-Knox_1986_CDOS68K_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knox_1986_CDOS68K-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Digital Research also previewed Concurrent DOS 286<sup id="cite_ref-BYTE_1985_CDOS286_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BYTE_1985_CDOS286-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> in January 1985. This was based on <a href="/wiki/MP/M-286" class="mw-redirect" title="MP/M-286">MP/M-286</a> and Concurrent CP/M-286, on which Digital Research had worked since 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-Swaine_1982_MPM286_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swaine_1982_MPM286-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bidmead_1985_CCPM286_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bidmead_1985_CCPM286-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Concurrent DOS 286 was a complete rewrite in the <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C language</a> based on a new system architecture with dynamically loadable device drivers instead of a static BIOS or XIOS.<sup id="cite_ref-BYTE_1985_CDOS286_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BYTE_1985_CDOS286-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of its main architects was Francis "Frank" R. Holsworth.<sup id="cite_ref-Wein_2002_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wein_2002-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holsworth_2006_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holsworth_2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operating system would function strictly in <a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">80286</a> native mode, allowing <a href="/wiki/Protected_mode" title="Protected mode">protected mode</a> <a href="/wiki/Multi-user" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-user">multi-user</a>, multitasking operation while running <a href="/wiki/8086_emulation_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="8086 emulation mode">8086 emulation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Infoworld_1985_Super_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infoworld_1985_Super-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BYTE_1985_CDOS286_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BYTE_1985_CDOS286-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While this worked on the B-1 <a href="/wiki/Stepping_level" title="Stepping level">step</a> of prototype chip samples, Digital Research, with evaluation copies of their operating system already shipping in April, discovered problems with the emulation on the production level C-1 step of the processor in May, which would not allow Concurrent DOS 286 to run <a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">8086</a> software in protected mode. The release of Concurrent DOS 286 had been scheduled for late May, but was delayed until Intel could develop a new version of the chip.<sup id="cite_ref-Infoworld_1985_Super_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infoworld_1985_Super-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August, after extensive testing E-1 step samples of the 80286, Digital Research said that Intel had corrected all documented 286 <a href="/wiki/Errata" class="mw-redirect" title="Errata">errata</a>, but that there were still undocumented chip performance problems with the prerelease version of Concurrent DOS 286 running on the E-1 step. Intel said that the approach Digital Research wished to take in emulating 8086 software in protected mode differed from the original specifications; nevertheless they incorporated into the E-2 step minor changes in the <a href="/wiki/Microcode" title="Microcode">microcode</a> that allowed Digital Research to run emulation mode much faster (see <a href="/wiki/286_LOADALL" class="mw-redirect" title="286 LOADALL">LOADALL</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Infoworld_1985_80286_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infoworld_1985_80286-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These same limitations affected <a href="/wiki/FlexOS_286" class="mw-redirect" title="FlexOS 286">FlexOS 286</a> version 1.x, a reengineered derivation of Concurrent DOS 286,<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1986_FlexOS286_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1986_FlexOS286-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CBR_1987_FlexOS-286_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBR_1987_FlexOS-286-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was developed by Digital Research's new Flexible Automation Business Unit in Monterey, California, since 1986. </p><p>Later versions added compatibility with PC DOS 2.x and 3.x. </p><p>Known versions include: </p> <ul><li>Concurrent DOS 286 1.0 (1985)<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Concurrent DOS 286 1.1 (1986-01-07)<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2_23-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Concurrent DOS 286 1.2 (1986)<sup id="cite_ref-Meta_1986_HighC12_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meta_1986_HighC12-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlexOS_286_1.3" class="mw-redirect" title="FlexOS 286 1.3">FlexOS 286 1.3</a> (November 1986)<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1986_FlexOS286_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1986_FlexOS286-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlexOS_286_1.31" class="mw-redirect" title="FlexOS 286 1.31">FlexOS 286 1.31</a> (May 1987)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concurrent_DOS_XM_and_Concurrent_DOS_386"><span class="anchor" id="VIOS"></span><span class="anchor" id="CDOS386"></span><span class="anchor" id="CPCDOS5.0"></span><span class="anchor" id="CPCDOS5.2"></span><span class="anchor" id="CDOSXM"></span>Concurrent DOS XM and Concurrent DOS 386</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Concurrent DOS XM and Concurrent DOS 386"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/GEM_XM" class="mw-redirect" title="GEM XM">GEM XM</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Digital_Research_Concurrent_DOS_XM_Release_6.0_720x400.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Digital_Research_Concurrent_DOS_XM_Release_6.0_720x400.png/220px-Digital_Research_Concurrent_DOS_XM_Release_6.0_720x400.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Digital_Research_Concurrent_DOS_XM_Release_6.0_720x400.png/330px-Digital_Research_Concurrent_DOS_XM_Release_6.0_720x400.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Digital_Research_Concurrent_DOS_XM_Release_6.0_720x400.png/440px-Digital_Research_Concurrent_DOS_XM_Release_6.0_720x400.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Digital Research Concurrent DOS XM Release 6.0</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Digital_Research_Concurrent_DOS_386_Release_2.0_720x400.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Digital_Research_Concurrent_DOS_386_Release_2.0_720x400.png/220px-Digital_Research_Concurrent_DOS_386_Release_2.0_720x400.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Digital_Research_Concurrent_DOS_386_Release_2.0_720x400.png/330px-Digital_Research_Concurrent_DOS_386_Release_2.0_720x400.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Digital_Research_Concurrent_DOS_386_Release_2.0_720x400.png/440px-Digital_Research_Concurrent_DOS_386_Release_2.0_720x400.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Digital Research Concurrent DOS 386 Release 2.0</figcaption></figure> <p>The OEM Support Group was relocated into Digital Research's newly created European Development Centre (EDC) in <a href="/wiki/Hungerford" title="Hungerford">Hungerford</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> in 1986, which started to take over further development of the Concurrent DOS family since Concurrent DOS 4.11, including siblings like <a href="/wiki/DOS_Plus" title="DOS Plus">DOS Plus</a> and successors. </p><p>Developed in Hungerford, UK, versions 5 and 6 (Concurrent DOS XM, with XM standing for <a href="/wiki/Expanded_Memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Expanded Memory">Expanded Memory</a>) could <a href="/wiki/Bank_switching" title="Bank switching">bank switch</a> up to 8 MB of <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Expanded_Memory_Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification">EEMS</a> to provide a <a href="/wiki/Real-mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Real-mode">real-mode</a> environment to run multiple CP/M-86 and DOS programs concurrently and support up to three users (one local and up to two hooked up via serial terminals). </p><p>In 1987, Concurrent DOS 86 was rewritten to become Concurrent DOS 386,<sup id="cite_ref-IW_1987_MDOS386_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IW_1987_MDOS386-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> still a continuation of the classical XIOS & BDOS architecture. This ran on machines equipped with the <a href="/wiki/Intel_80386" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80386">Intel 80386</a> and later processors, using the 386's hardware facilities for <a href="/wiki/Hardware-assisted_virtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardware-assisted virtualization">virtualizing</a> the hardware, allowing most DOS applications to run unmodified under Concurrent DOS 386, even on terminals. The OS supported concurrent multiuser file access, allowing multiuser applications to run as if they were on individual PCs attached to a network <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</a>. Concurrent DOS 386 allowed a single server to support a number of users on dumb terminals or inexpensive low-specification PCs running terminal emulation software, without the need for expensive workstations and then-expensive network cards. It was a true multiuser system; several users could use a single database with <a href="/wiki/Record_locking" title="Record locking">record locking</a> to prevent mutual interference. </p><p>Concurrent DOS 6.0 represented also the starting point for the <a href="/wiki/DR_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="DR DOS">DR DOS</a> family, which was carved out of it. </p><p>Known versions include: </p> <ul><li>DR Concurrent PC DOS XM 5.0 (BDOS 5.0)</li> <li>DR Concurrent DOS XM 5.0 (BDOS 5.0, October 1986)</li> <li>DR Concurrent DOS XM 5.1 (BDOS 5.1?, January 1987)</li> <li>DR Concurrent DOS XM 5.2 (BDOS 5.2?, September 1987)<sup id="cite_ref-Angus_1987_52-11_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angus_1987_52-11-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDOSXM52_2001_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDOSXM52_2001-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fisher_1987_CompuPro_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher_1987_CompuPro-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>DR Concurrent DOS XM 6.0 (BDOS 6.0, 1987-11-18),<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_1987_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_1987-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDOS60_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDOS60-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 6.01 (1987)</li> <li>DR Concurrent DOS XM 6.2 (BDOS 6.2),<sup id="cite_ref-CDOS386_COMDEX_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDOS386_COMDEX-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 6.21</li></ul> <dl><dt></dt> <dt></dt></dl> <ul><li>DR Concurrent DOS 386 1.0 (BDOS 5.0?, 1987)</li> <li>DR Concurrent DOS 386 1.1 (BDOS 5.2?, September 1987)<sup id="cite_ref-Angus_1987_52-11_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angus_1987_52-11-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>DR Concurrent DOS 386 2.0 (BDOS 6.0, 1987-11-18),<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan_1987_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan_1987-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2.01<sup id="cite_ref-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>DR Concurrent DOS 386 3.0 (BDOS 6.2, December 1988, January 1989),<sup id="cite_ref-CDOS386_COMDEX_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDOS386_COMDEX-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 3.01 (1989-05-19), 3.02 (1989)</li></ul> <p>Concurrent PC DOS XM 5.0 emulated IBM PC DOS 2.10,<sup id="cite_ref-1986_CDOSXM_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1986_CDOSXM-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas Concurrent DOS XM 6.0 and Concurrent DOS 386 2.0 were compatible with IBM PC DOS 3.30.<sup id="cite_ref-DRI_1988_CDOS_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRI_1988_CDOS-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adaptations_2"><span class="anchor" id="CCI-CDOS"></span>Adaptations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Known CCI Concurrent DOS adaptations by Concurrent Controls, Inc. include: </p> <ul><li>CCI Concurrent DOS 386 1.12 (BDOS 5.0?, October 1987)</li> <li>CCI Concurrent DOS 386 2.01 (BDOS 6.0?, May 1988)</li> <li>CCI Concurrent DOS 386 3.01 (BDOS 6.2?, March 1989)</li> <li>CCI Concurrent DOS 386 3.02 (April 1990)</li> <li>CCI Concurrent DOS 386 3.03 (March 1991)</li> <li>CCI Concurrent DOS 386 3.04 (July 1991)<sup id="cite_ref-Scannell_1991_Scripting_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scannell_1991_Scripting-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aka "CCI Concurrent DOS 4.0"<sup id="cite_ref-Scannell_1991_Concurrent_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scannell_1991_Concurrent-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>CCI Concurrent DOS 3.05 R1 (1992-02), R2 (1992), R3+R4 (1992), R5+R6 (1992), R7+R8 (1993), R9+R10 (1993), R11 (August 1993)</li> <li>CCI Concurrent DOS 3.06 R1 (December 1993), R2+R3 (1994), R4+R5+R6 (1994), R7 (July 1994)</li> <li>CCI Concurrent DOS 3.07 R1 (March 1995), R2 (1995), R3 (1996), R4 (1996), R5 (1997), R6 (1997), R7 (June 1998)<sup id="cite_ref-CCI_1998_CDOS_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCI_1998_CDOS-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>CCI Concurrent DOS 3.08</li> <li>CCI Concurrent DOS 3.10 R1 (2003-10-05)<sup id="cite_ref-CCI_2003_CDOS310R1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCI_2003_CDOS310R1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Other adaptations include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apricot_Computers" title="Apricot Computers">Apricot</a> Concurrent DOS 386 2.01 (1987) for Apricot Quad Version Level 4.3<sup id="cite_ref-Apricot_CDOS_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apricot_CDOS-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Multiuser_DOS"><span class="anchor" id="MDOS"></span><span class="anchor" id="5.0"></span><span class="anchor" id="5.1"></span>Multiuser DOS</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Multiuser DOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Concurrent DOS. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/MDOS_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="MDOS (disambiguation)">MDOS (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p>Later versions of Concurrent DOS 386 incorporated some of the enhanced functionality of DR's later single-user PC DOS clone <a href="/wiki/DR_DOS_5.0" class="mw-redirect" title="DR DOS 5.0">DR DOS 5.0</a>, after which the product was given the more explanatory name "Multiuser DOS" (a.k.a. MDOS), starting with version 5.0 (with BDOS 6.5) in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-Scannell_1991_Tools_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scannell_1991_Tools-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Multiuser DOS suffered from several technical limitations that restricted its ability to compete with <a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LANs</a> based on <a href="/wiki/PC_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS">PC DOS</a>. It required its own special <a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">device drivers</a> for much common hardware, as PC DOS drivers were not multiuser or multi-tasking aware. Driver installation was more complex than the simple PC DOS method of copying the files onto the boot disk and modifying <a href="/wiki/CONFIG.SYS" title="CONFIG.SYS">CONFIG.SYS</a> appropriately –  it was necessary to relink the Multiuser DOS <a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">kernel</a> (known as a <i>nucleus</i>) using the <a href="/wiki/SYSGEN" class="mw-redirect" title="SYSGEN">SYSGEN</a> command. </p><p>Multiuser DOS was also unable to use many common PC DOS additions such as <a href="/wiki/Network_stack" class="mw-redirect" title="Network stack">network stacks</a>, and it was limited in its ability to support later developments in the PC-compatible world, such as <a href="/wiki/Graphics_adaptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphics adaptor">graphics adaptors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sound_card" title="Sound card">sound cards</a>, <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> drives and mice. Although many of these were soon rectified –  for example, graphical terminals were developed, allowing users to use <a href="/wiki/Color_Graphics_Adapter" title="Color Graphics Adapter">CGA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Graphics_Adapter" title="Enhanced Graphics Adapter">EGA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Video_Graphics_Array" title="Video Graphics Array">VGA</a> software –  it was less flexible in this regard than a network of individual PCs, and as the prices of these fell, it became less and less competitive, although it still offered benefits in terms of management and lower total cost of ownership. As a multi-user operating system its price was higher than a single-user system, of course, and it required special device drivers, unlike single-user multitasking DOS add-ons such as <a href="/wiki/Quarterdeck_Office_Systems" title="Quarterdeck Office Systems">Quarterdeck's</a> <a href="/wiki/DESQview" title="DESQview">DESQview</a>. Unlike MP/M, it never became popular for single-user but multitasking use. </p><p>When Novell acquired Digital Research in 1991<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_1991_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott_1991-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BW_1991_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BW_1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Allchin_1992_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allchin_1992-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and abandoned Multiuser DOS in 1992, the three Master VARs DataPac Australasia, Concurrent Controls<sup id="cite_ref-Barney_1994_CCI_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barney_1994_CCI-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Intelligent Micro Software<sup id="cite_ref-Pontin_1995_IMS_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pontin_1995_IMS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were allowed to license the source code of the system to take over and continue independent development of their derivations in 1994. </p><p>Known versions include: </p> <ul><li>DR Multiuser DOS 5.00 (1991),<sup id="cite_ref-CW_1991_DRMDOS50_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW_1991_DRMDOS50-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 5.01</li> <li>Novell DR Multiuser DOS 5.10 (1992-04-13),<sup id="cite_ref-CW_MDOS51_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW_MDOS51-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 5.11<sup id="cite_ref-CCI_FPROD_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCI_FPROD-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Novell DR Multiuser DOS 5.13 (BDOS 6.6, 1992)</li></ul> <p>All versions of Digital Research and Novell DR Multiuser DOS reported themselves as "IBM PC DOS" version 3.31. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adaptations_3">Adaptations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="DataPac_Australasia"><span class="anchor" id="Datapac"></span><span class="anchor" id="System_Manager"></span>DataPac Australasia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: DataPac Australasia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Known versions by DataPac Australasia Pty Limited include: </p> <ul><li>Datapac Multiuser DOS 5.0</li> <li>Datapac Multiuser DOS 5.1 (BDOS 6.6)</li> <li>Datapac System Manager 7.0 (1996-08-22)</li></ul> <p>In 1997, Datapac was bought by <a href="/wiki/Citrix_Systems,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Citrix Systems, Inc.">Citrix Systems, Inc.</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Citrix_1997_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Citrix_1997-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duursma_2006_Citrix_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duursma_2006_Citrix-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Costello_1997_DataPac_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Costello_1997_DataPac-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and System Manager was abandoned soon after. In 2002 the Sydney-based unit was spun out into Citrix' Advanced Products Group.<sup id="cite_ref-Mulcaster_2002_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mulcaster_2002-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Concurrent_Controls"><span class="anchor" id="CCI"></span><span class="anchor" id="CCI7.00"></span><span class="anchor" id="CCI7.10"></span><span class="anchor" id="CCI7.21"></span><span class="anchor" id="CCI7.22"></span>Concurrent Controls</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Concurrent Controls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Known CCI Multiuser DOS versions by Concurrent Controls, Inc. (CCI) include: </p> <ul><li>CCI Multiuser DOS 7.00</li> <li>CCI Multiuser DOS 7.10</li> <li>CCI Multiuser DOS 7.21<sup id="cite_ref-CCI_1997_HELP_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCI_1997_HELP-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>CCI Multiuser DOS 7.22<sup id="cite_ref-CCI_1997_HELP_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCI_1997_HELP-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> R1 (September 1996), R2 (1996), R3 (1997), R4 GOLD/PLUS/LITE (BDOS 6.6, 1997-02-10), R5 GOLD (1997), R6 GOLD (1997), R7 GOLD (June 1998), R8 GOLD, R9 GOLD, R10 GOLD, R11 GOLD (2000-09-25), R12 GOLD (2002-05-15), R13 GOLD (2002-07-15), R14 GOLD (2002-09-13), R15 GOLD, R16 GOLD (2003-10-10), R17 GOLD (2004-02-09), R18 GOLD (2005-04-21)</li></ul> <p>All versions of CCI Multiuser DOS report themselves as "IBM PC DOS" version 3.31.<sup id="cite_ref-CCI_1997_HELP_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCI_1997_HELP-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar to <a href="/wiki/SETVER" class="mw-redirect" title="SETVER">SETVER</a> under <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>, this can be changed using the Multiuser DOS <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">DOSVER x.y</span> utility.<sup id="cite_ref-CCI_1997_HELP_56-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCI_1997_HELP-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, CCI changed its name to Applica, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-CCI_1999_Applica_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCI_1999_Applica-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002 Applica Technology became Aplycon Technologies, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-Aplycon_2002_Applica_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aplycon_2002_Applica-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intelligent_Micro_Software,_Itera_and_Integrated_Solutions"><span id="Intelligent_Micro_Software.2C_Itera_and_Integrated_Solutions"></span><span class="anchor" id="IMS"></span>Intelligent Micro Software, Itera and Integrated Solutions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Intelligent Micro Software, Itera and Integrated Solutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="DOS_386_Professional">DOS 386 Professional</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: DOS 386 Professional"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="IMS_Multiuser_DOS"><span class="anchor" id="IMS5.1"></span><span class="anchor" id="IMS5.11"></span><span class="anchor" id="IMS5.14"></span><span class="anchor" id="IMS7.0"></span><span class="anchor" id="IMS7.1"></span>IMS Multiuser DOS</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: IMS Multiuser DOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Known adaptations of IMS Multiuser DOS include: </p> <ul><li>IMS Multiuser DOS Enhanced Release 5.1 (1992)</li> <li>IMS Multiuser DOS 5.11</li> <li>IMS Multiuser DOS 5.14</li> <li>IMS Multiuser DOS 7.0</li> <li>IMS Multiuser DOS 7.1 (BDOS 6.7, 1994)</li></ul> <p>All versions of IMS Multiuser DOS report themselves as "IBM PC DOS" version 3.31. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="REAL/32"><span id="REAL.2F32"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.50"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.51"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.52"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.53"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.54"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.60"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.61"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.62"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.63"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.70"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.71"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.72"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.73"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.74"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.80"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.81"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.82"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.83"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.90"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.91"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.92"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.93"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.94"></span><span class="anchor" id="7.95"></span>REAL/32</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: REAL/32"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IMS_REAL-32_Version_7.6_720x400.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/IMS_REAL-32_Version_7.6_720x400.png/220px-IMS_REAL-32_Version_7.6_720x400.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/IMS_REAL-32_Version_7.6_720x400.png/330px-IMS_REAL-32_Version_7.6_720x400.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/IMS_REAL-32_Version_7.6_720x400.png/440px-IMS_REAL-32_Version_7.6_720x400.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>IMS REAL/32 Version 7.6</figcaption></figure> <p>Intelligent Micro Software Ltd. (IMS) of <a href="/wiki/Thatcham" title="Thatcham">Thatcham</a>, UK, acquired a license to further develop Multiuser DOS from Novell in 1994 and renamed their product REAL/32 in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-Pontin_1995_IMS_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pontin_1995_IMS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similar to <a href="/wiki/FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a>/<a href="/wiki/4690_Operating_System" title="4690 Operating System">4690 OS</a> before, IBM in 1995 licensed REAL/32 7.50 to bundle it with their 4695 POS terminals.<sup id="cite_ref-Pontin_1995_IMS_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pontin_1995_IMS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Not clear if this replaces FlexOS 386 on these systems, or if merely upgrades some parts of FlexOS from REAL/32. (September 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>IMS REAL/32 versions: </p> <ul><li>IMS REAL/32 7.50 (BDOS 6.8, 1995-07-01), 7.51 (BDOS 6.8), 7.52 (BDOS 6.9), 7.53 (BDOS 6.9, 1996-04-01), 7.54 (BDOS 6.9, 1996-08-01)<sup id="cite_ref-RM_1996_754_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RM_1996_754-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>IMS REAL/32 7.60 (BDOS 6.9, February 1997),<sup id="cite_ref-MaxFrame_2001_760_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaxFrame_2001_760-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 7.61, 7.62, 7.63</li> <li>IMS REAL/32 7.70 (November 1997), 7.71, 7.72, 7.73, 7.74 (1998)<sup id="cite_ref-MaxFrame_2001_774_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaxFrame_2001_774-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>IMS REAL/32 7.80, 7.81 (February 1999), 7.82, 7.83 (BDOS 6.10)</li> <li>IMS REAL/32 7.90 (1999),<sup id="cite_ref-IMS_1999_R32-790_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMS_1999_R32-790-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 7.91, 7.92</li> <li>ITERA IMS REAL/32 7.93 (June 2002),<sup id="cite_ref-IMS_2002_R32-793_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMS_2002_R32-793-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 7.94 (BDOS 6.13, 2003-01-31)<sup id="cite_ref-IMS_2003_R32-794_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMS_2003_R32-794-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Integrated Solutions IMS REAL/32 7.95<sup id="cite_ref-IS_2010_R795_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IS_2010_R795-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>REAL/32 7.50 to 7.74 report themselves as "IBM PC DOS" version 3.31, whereas 7.80 and higher report a version of 6.20. <a href="/wiki/Logical_Block_Addressing" class="mw-redirect" title="Logical Block Addressing">LBA</a> and <a href="/wiki/FAT32" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT32">FAT32</a> support was added with REAL/32 7.90 in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-IMS_1999_R32-790_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMS_1999_R32-790-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 April 2002, Intelligent Micro Software Ltd. filed for insolvency and was taken over by one of its major customers, Barry Quittenton's Itera Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-LII_2002_Discontinued_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LII_2002_Discontinued-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LII_2002_NewOwner_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LII_2002_NewOwner-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LII_2002_ITERA_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LII_2002_ITERA-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This company was dissolved on 2006-03-28.<sup id="cite_ref-ITERA_UK_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITERA_UK-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NEXOK_Itera_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEXOK_Itera-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2010 REAL/32 was supplied by Integrated Solutions of Thatcham, UK, but the company, at the same address, was later listed as builders.<sup id="cite_ref-IS_2010_R795_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IS_2010_R795-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="REAL/NG"><span id="REAL.2FNG"></span>REAL/NG</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: REAL/NG"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>REAL/NG was IMS' attempt to create the "Next Generation" of REAL/32, also named "REAL/32 for the internet age". REAL/NG promised "increased range of hardware from PCs to x86 multi-processor server systems".<sup id="cite_ref-realng_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realng-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Advertised feature list, as of 2003:<sup id="cite_ref-keyfeaturesofrealng_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keyfeaturesofrealng-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Runs with <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux" title="Red Hat Linux">Red Hat 7.3</a> or later version of <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backward_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="Backward compatible">Backward compatible</a> with DOS and REAL/32</li> <li>Max 65535 <a href="/wiki/Virtual_console" title="Virtual console">virtual consoles</a>; each of these can be a user</li> <li>No Linux expertise required</li> <li>Administration/setup/upgrade by web browser (local and remote)</li> <li>Supplied with <a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" class="mw-redirect" title="TCP/IP">TCP/IP</a> Linux-/Windows-based terminal emulator for the number of users purchased</li> <li>Print and file sharing built in</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drive_mapping" title="Drive mapping">Drive mapping</a> between Linux and REAL/NG servers built in</li> <li>User hardware support</li> <li>Increased performance</li> <li>Vastly increased TPA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-processor">Multi-processor</a> support</li> <li>Improved hardware support</li> <li>Built-in firewall support</li> <li>Very low cost per seat</li> <li>Low total cost of ownership</li> <li>Supplied on CD</li> <li>Supplied with a set of Red Hat CDs</li></ul> <p>By 10 December 2003, IMS made "REALNG V1.60-V1.19-V1.12" available,<sup id="cite_ref-realng_probablylatest_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realng_probablylatest-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which, based on the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>, seems to be the latest release. </p><p>By 2005, the realng.com website was mirroring the IMS main website, and had no mention of REAL/NG, only REAL/32.<sup id="cite_ref-realng_disappear_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realng_disappear-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Application_software">Application software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Application software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the various releases of this operating system had increasing ability to run DOS programs, software written for the platform could take advantage of its features by using <a href="/wiki/Function_call" class="mw-redirect" title="Function call">function calls</a> specifically suitable for multiuser operation. It used <a href="/wiki/Pre-emptive_multitasking" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-emptive multitasking">pre-emptive multitasking</a>, preventing badly-written applications from delaying other processes by retaining control of the processor. To this day, Multiuser DOS is supported by popular <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">SSL/TLS</a> libraries such as <a href="/wiki/WolfSSL" title="WolfSSL">wolfSSL</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a> provided support for blocking and non-blocking <a href="/wiki/Message_queue" title="Message queue">message queues</a>, mutual-exclusion queues, the ability to create sub-process <a href="/wiki/Thread_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thread (computer science)">threads</a> which executed independently from the parent, and a method of pausing execution which did not waste <a href="/wiki/Processor_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Processor cycle">processor cycles</a>, unlike idle loops used by single-user operating systems. Applications were started as "attached" to a <a href="/wiki/Virtual_console" title="Virtual console">console</a>. However, if an application did not need user interaction it could "detach" from the console and run as a <a href="/wiki/Background_process" title="Background process">background process</a>, later reattaching to a console if needed. </p><p>Another key feature was that the <a href="/wiki/Memory_management" title="Memory management">memory management</a> supported a "shared" <a href="/wiki/Memory_model_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory model (computing)">memory model</a> for processes (in addition to the usual models available to normal DOS programs). In the shared memory model the "code" and "data" sections of a program were isolated from each other. Because the "code" contained no modifiable data, code sections in memory could be shared by several processes running the same program, thereby reducing memory requirements. </p><p>Programs written, or adapted, for any <a href="/wiki/Computer_multitasking" title="Computer multitasking">multitasking</a> platform need to avoid the technique used by single-tasking systems of going into endless loops until interrupted when, for example, waiting for a user to press a key; this wasted processor time that could be used by other processes. Instead, Concurrent DOS provided an API call which a process could call to "sleep" for a period of time. Later versions of the Concurrent DOS kernel included Idle Detection, which monitored <a href="/wiki/DOS_API" title="DOS API">DOS API</a> calls to determine whether the application was doing useful work or in fact idle, in which case the process was suspended allowing other processes to run. Idle Detection was the catalyst for the patented <a href="/wiki/DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS">DR-DOS</a> <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Idle_Detection" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic Idle Detection">Dynamic Idle Detection</a> power management feature invented in 1989 by Roger Alan Gross and John P. Constant and marketed as <a href="/wiki/BatteryMAX" title="BatteryMAX">BatteryMAX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-US5355501_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US5355501-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP/M" title="MP/M">MP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_V60" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS V60">Concurrent DOS V60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="DR DOS">DR DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS">PC DOS</a> – IBM's OEM version of (single-user) MS-DOS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_4.0_(multitasking)" title="MS-DOS 4.0 (multitasking)">MS-DOS 4.0 (multitasking)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC-MOS/386" title="PC-MOS/386">PC-MOS/386</a> – unrelated multitasking DOS clone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VM/386" title="VM/386">VM/386</a> – unrelated multitasking DOS environment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">Virtual DOS machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiuser_DOS_Federation" title="Multiuser DOS Federation">Multiuser DOS Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_operating_systems" title="Timeline of operating systems">Timeline of operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Citrix" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Citrix">List of mergers and acquisitions by Citrix</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Scott_1991-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scott_1991_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scott_1991_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFScott1991" class="citation news cs1">Scott, Karyl (1991-07-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mVAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA33">"Novell/DRI merger to reap better client management"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>. Networking. Vol. 13, no. 30. <a href="/wiki/InfoWorld_Publishing_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="InfoWorld Publishing Co.">InfoWorld Publishing Co.</a> p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200209155946/https://books.google.de/books?id=mVAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&redir_esc=y">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-02-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Novell%2FDRI+merger+to+reap+better+client+management&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=30&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1991-07-29&rft.issn=0199-6649&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Karyl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmVAEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BW_1991-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BW_1991_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BW_1991_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech-insider.org/personal-computers/research/1991/0717.html">"Novell and Digital Research sign definitive merger agreement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Wire" title="Business Wire">Business Wire</a></i>. 1991-07-17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180818133749/https://tech-insider.org/personal-computers/research/1991/0717.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-08-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Wire&rft.atitle=Novell+and+Digital+Research+sign+definitive+merger+agreement&rft.date=1991-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftech-insider.org%2Fpersonal-computers%2Fresearch%2F1991%2F0717.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allchin_1992-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Allchin_1992_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allchin_1992_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllchin1992" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Allchin" title="Jim Allchin">Allchin, Jim</a> (1992-05-27) [1991-07-17]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antitrust.slated.org/www.iowaconsumercase.org/011607/0000/PX00838.pdf">"Novell/Digital Research reach definitive agreement…"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Court document). Plaintiff's exhibit 828, <a href="/wiki/Comes_v._Microsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="Comes v. Microsoft">Comes v. Microsoft</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119074834/http://antitrust.slated.org/www.iowaconsumercase.org/011607/0000/PX00838.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-11-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Novell%2FDigital+Research+reach+definitive+agreement%E2%80%A6&rft.date=1992-05-27&rft.aulast=Allchin&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantitrust.slated.org%2Fwww.iowaconsumercase.org%2F011607%2F0000%2FPX00838.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barney_1994_CCI-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barney_1994_CCI_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barney_1994_CCI_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarney1994" class="citation journal cs1">Barney, Doug (1994-07-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kDgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA20">"CCI helps users run more DOS apps – Multiuser DOS Lite handles eight NetWare sessions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>: 20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=CCI+helps+users+run+more+DOS+apps+%E2%80%93+Multiuser+DOS+Lite+handles+eight+NetWare+sessions&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1994-07-25&rft.aulast=Barney&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkDgEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pontin_1995_IMS-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pontin_1995_IMS_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pontin_1995_IMS_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pontin_1995_IMS_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pontin_1995_IMS_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pontin_1995_IMS_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPontin1995" class="citation journal cs1">Pontin, Jason (1995-11-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VzgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA28">"IMS offers Real32 OS for application servers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=IMS+offers+Real32+OS+for+application+servers&rft.date=1995-11-27&rft.aulast=Pontin&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVzgEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kildall_1982_8-bit-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kildall_1982_8-bit_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kildall_1982_8-bit_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kildall_1982_8-bit_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKildall1982" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Arlen_Kildall" class="mw-redirect" title="Gary Arlen Kildall">Kildall, Gary Arlen</a> (1982-09-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2016/12/102762506-05-01-acc.pdf">"Running 8-bit software on dual-processor computers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Design">Electronic Design</a></i>: 157. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819183737/http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2016/12/102762506-05-01-acc.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-08-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Design&rft.atitle=Running+8-bit+software+on+dual-processor+computers&rft.pages=157&rft.date=1982-09-16&rft.aulast=Kildall&rft.aufirst=Gary+Arlen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.computerhistory.org%2Fresources%2Faccess%2Ftext%2F2016%2F12%2F102762506-05-01-acc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wein_2002-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wein_2002_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wein_2002_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wein_2002_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWein2002" class="citation web cs1">Wein, Josef "Joe" (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://joewein.de/gary.html">"Gary Kildall in England"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403010811/https://joewein.de/gary.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-04-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gary+Kildall+in+England&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Wein&rft.aufirst=Josef+%22Joe%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjoewein.de%2Fgary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holsworth_2006-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holsworth_2006_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holsworth_2006_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holsworth_2006_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolsworth2006" class="citation web cs1">Holsworth, Francis "Frank" R. (2006-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/moving_image/2017/02/102770341-02-01-acc.wmv">"Video: Frank Holsworth, developer"</a> (interview). Information Technology Corporate Histories Collection. <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/CHMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CHMID (identifier)">CHM Catalog Number</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102770341">102770341</a>. ITCHP 44403c1a3fd53. Lot Number X7847.2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403232808/https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/moving_image/2017/02/102770341-02-01-acc.wmv">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-04-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Video%3A+Frank+Holsworth%2C+developer&rft.series=Information+Technology+Corporate+Histories+Collection&rft.pub=Computer+History+Museum&rft.date=2006-02-01&rft.aulast=Holsworth&rft.aufirst=Francis+%22Frank%22+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.computerhistory.org%2Fresources%2Faccess%2Fmoving_image%2F2017%2F02%2F102770341-02-01-acc.wmv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1984_CCPM31-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_CCPM31_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Digital Research (1984): <i>Concurrent CP/M ships early in response to team effort</i>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Dialogue_(Digital_Research)" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Dialogue (Digital Research)">Digital Dialogue</a> – Employee Newsletter of Digital Research Inc., Volume 3, Number 1, p. 1 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/view.php?s=documents&id=1008">[1]</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CCPM_1984-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CCPM_1984_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/concurrent/4007-1010_Concurrent_CPM_with_Windows_Technical_Note_for_IBM_PC_Feb84.pdf">"Concurrent CP/M with Windows Operating System – Technical Note for the IBM Personal Computer and Personal Computer XT"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (1 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>. February 1984. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170104170035/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/digitalResearch/concurrent/4007-1010_Concurrent_CPM_with_Windows_Technical_Note_for_IBM_PC_Feb84.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-01-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Concurrent+CP%2FM+with+Windows+Operating+System+%E2%80%93+Technical+Note+for+the+IBM+Personal+Computer+and+Personal+Computer+XT&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Digital+Research&rft.date=1984-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de%2Fpdf%2FdigitalResearch%2Fconcurrent%2F4007-1010_Concurrent_CPM_with_Windows_Technical_Note_for_IBM_PC_Feb84.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LSI_Octopus-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LSI_Octopus_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oldcomputer.info/8bit/hilger/index.htm">LSI Octopus (Hilger Analytical) – MCbx</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1984_PCMODE-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_PCMODE_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_PCMODE_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Digital Research (1984): <i>PC-Mode bridges CP/M and PC-DOS</i>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Dialogue_(Digital_Research)" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Dialogue (Digital Research)">Digital Dialogue</a> – Employee Newsletter of Digital Research Inc., Volume 3, Number 1, p. 3 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/view.php?s=documents&id=1008">[2]</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1984_CCPM31b-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_CCPM31b_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Digital Research: <i>Concurrent CP/M Release 3.1 offers PC-DOS compatibility</i>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research News">Digital Research News</a> – For Digital Research Users Everywhere, Volume 4, No. 1, p. 5, first quarter 1984 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/view.php?s=documents&id=1013">[3]</a>): "Concurrent CP/M Release 3.1 replaces MP/M-86 as Digital Research's multiuser system. Targeted at 16-bit microcomputers, Release 3.1 may also be configured for a single user environment. Kevin Wandryk, product line manager for the new release, said the PC-DOS mode in the new release increases the availability of applications software. End users can choose between products for Concurrent CP/M or PC-DOS. Digital Research will provide a list of those applications from PC-DOS which may be used, Wandryk said. The manufacturer's version was introduced in December at the COMDEX/Fall trade show in Las Vegas and is scheduled to ship in March."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1984_MicroNotes1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_MicroNotes1_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_MicroNotes1_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_MicroNotes1_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_MicroNotes1_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.z80cpu.eu/mirrors/oldcomputers.dyndns.org/public/pub/manuals/DRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1,2,3_full.pdf">"1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Micro_Notes_(Digital_Research)" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Notes (Digital Research)">Micro Notes</a> – A Technical Information Quarterly</i>. Vol. 2, no. 1. Pacific Grove, CA, USA: <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> First Quarter 1984. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200211005618/https://www.z80cpu.eu/mirrors/oldcomputers.dyndns.org/public/pub/manuals/DRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1,2,3_full.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Micro+Notes+%E2%80%93+A+Technical+Information+Quarterly&rft.atitle=1&rft.quarter=1&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.z80cpu.eu%2Fmirrors%2Foldcomputers.dyndns.org%2Fpublic%2Fpub%2Fmanuals%2FDRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1%2C2%2C3_full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1984_CDOS31-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_CDOS31_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Digital Research: <i>Concurrent DOS bridges PC-DOS, CP/M</i>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research News">Digital Research News</a> – For Digital Research Users Everywhere, Volume 4, No. 2, p. 3, May 1984 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://corphist.computerhistory.org/corphist/view.php?s=documents&id=1011">[4]</a>): '"Concurrent DOS Release 3.1 is rapidly gaining momentum and support from a wide range of microcomputer manufacturers," Wandryk said. "Some 60 hardware companies have licensed the product since it was released in early March."'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1984_MicroNotes2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_MicroNotes2_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.z80cpu.eu/mirrors/oldcomputers.dyndns.org/public/pub/manuals/DRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1,2,3_full.pdf">"2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Micro_Notes_(Digital_Research)" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Notes (Digital Research)">Micro Notes</a> – Technical information on Digital Research products</i>. Vol. 2, no. 2. Pacific Grove, CA, USA: <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> May 1984. NWS-106-002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200211005618/https://www.z80cpu.eu/mirrors/oldcomputers.dyndns.org/public/pub/manuals/DRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1,2,3_full.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Micro+Notes+%E2%80%93+Technical+information+on+Digital+Research+products&rft.atitle=2&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1984-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.z80cpu.eu%2Fmirrors%2Foldcomputers.dyndns.org%2Fpublic%2Fpub%2Fmanuals%2FDRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1%2C2%2C3_full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1984_MicroNotes3-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_MicroNotes3_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1984_MicroNotes3_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.z80cpu.eu/mirrors/oldcomputers.dyndns.org/public/pub/manuals/DRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1,2,3_full.pdf">"3"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Micro_Notes_(Digital_Research)" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Notes (Digital Research)">Micro Notes</a> – Technical information on Digital Research products</i>. Vol. 2, no. 3. Pacific Grove, CA, USA: <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> July 1984. NWS-106-003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200211005618/https://www.z80cpu.eu/mirrors/oldcomputers.dyndns.org/public/pub/manuals/DRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1,2,3_full.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Micro+Notes+%E2%80%93+Technical+information+on+Digital+Research+products&rft.atitle=3&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1984-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.z80cpu.eu%2Fmirrors%2Foldcomputers.dyndns.org%2Fpublic%2Fpub%2Fmanuals%2FDRI_Micronotes_Vol2_1%2C2%2C3_full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CW_1985_CDOS41-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CW_1985_CDOS41_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCW1985" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">CW (1985-06-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerwoche.de/a/concurrent-dos-4-1-in-den-usa-angekuendigt,1169757">"Concurrent DOS 4.1 in den USA angekündigt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Computerwoche" title="Computerwoche">Computerwoche</a></i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118112800/http://www.computerwoche.de/a/concurrent-dos-4-1-in-den-usa-angekuendigt,1169757">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerwoche&rft.atitle=Concurrent+DOS+4.1+in+den+USA+angek%C3%BCndigt&rft.date=1985-06-21&rft.au=CW&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerwoche.de%2Fa%2Fconcurrent-dos-4-1-in-den-usa-angekuendigt%2C1169757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gallant_1984-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gallant_1984_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallant1984" class="citation journal cs1">Gallant, John (1984-01-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dRR9VQBwdSIC&pg=PA6">"Digital Research, Monterey ink Unix-centered pact"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a></i>. <b>XVIII</b> (3): 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=Digital+Research%2C+Monterey+ink+Unix-centered+pact&rft.volume=XVIII&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1984-01-23&rft.aulast=Gallant&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdRR9VQBwdSIC%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knox_1986_CDOS68K-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Knox_1986_CDOS68K_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knox_1986_CDOS68K_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knox_1986_CDOS68K_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knox_1986_CDOS68K_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knox_1986_CDOS68K_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnox1986" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Knox, James M. (1986-06-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.megalextoria.com/usenet-archive/news044f1/b64/mod/computers/68k/00000078.html">"Re: DRI Concurrent DOS for 68K"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:mod.computers.68k">mod.computers.68k</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180913210113/http://www.megalextoria.com/usenet-archive/news044f1/b64/mod/computers/68k/00000078.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Re%3A+DRI+Concurrent+DOS+for+68K&rft.pub=mod.computers.68k&rft.date=1986-06-22&rft.aulast=Knox&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.megalextoria.com%2Fusenet-archive%2Fnews044f1%2Fb64%2Fmod%2Fcomputers%2F68k%2F00000078.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knox_1987_DRI-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Knox_1987_DRI_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnox1987" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Knox, James M. (1987-01-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://macgui.com/usenet/?group=78&start=80&id=27">"CDOS-68K"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:mod.computers.68k">mod.computers.68k</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180913210221/https://macgui.com/usenet/?group=78&start=80&id=27">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CDOS-68K&rft.pub=mod.computers.68k&rft.date=1987-01-31&rft.aulast=Knox&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmacgui.com%2Fusenet%2F%3Fgroup%3D78%26start%3D80%26id%3D27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-1_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-1_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-1_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpm.z80.de/download/cdos1.zip">"Concurrent DOS 68K 1.2 – Developer Kit for Motorola VME/10 – Disk 1"</a>. 1986-08-06 [1986-04-08]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Concurrent+DOS+68K+1.2+%E2%80%93+Developer+Kit+for+Motorola+VME%2F10+%E2%80%93+Disk+1&rft.date=1986-08-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpm.z80.de%2Fdownload%2Fcdos1.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2_23-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2_23-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-2_23-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpm.z80.de/download/cdos2.zip">"Concurrent DOS 68K 1.2 – Developer Kit for Motorola VME/10 – Disk 2"</a>. 1986-08-06 [1986-04-08]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Concurrent+DOS+68K+1.2+%E2%80%93+Developer+Kit+for+Motorola+VME%2F10+%E2%80%93+Disk+2&rft.date=1986-08-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpm.z80.de%2Fdownload%2Fcdos2.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (NB. This package also includes some header files from <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_286" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 286">Concurrent DOS 286</a>, including STRUCT.H explicitly mentioning <a href="/wiki/LOADALL" title="LOADALL">LOADALL</a> for "8086 emulation".)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-3-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-3_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-3_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1986_CDOS68K-3_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpm.z80.de/download/cdos3.zip">"Concurrent DOS 68K 1.2 – Developer Kit for Motorola VME/10 – Disk 3"</a>. 1986-08-06 [1986-04-08]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Concurrent+DOS+68K+1.2+%E2%80%93+Developer+Kit+for+Motorola+VME%2F10+%E2%80%93+Disk+3&rft.date=1986-08-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpm.z80.de%2Fdownload%2Fcdos3.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BYTE_1985_CDOS286-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BYTE_1985_CDOS286_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BYTE_1985_CDOS286_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BYTE_1985_CDOS286_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech-insider.org/personal-computers/research/1985/05.html">"Concurrent DOS-286 Challenges Unix"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BYTE_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="BYTE Magazine">BYTE Magazine</a></i>. <b>10</b> (5): 375-377. May 1985. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180914120059/https://tech-insider.org/personal-computers/research/1985/05.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE+Magazine&rft.atitle=Concurrent+DOS-286+Challenges+Unix&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=375-377&rft.date=1985-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftech-insider.org%2Fpersonal-computers%2Fresearch%2F1985%2F05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1985-05/1985_05_BYTE_10-05_Multiprocessing#page/n376/mode/1up/search/concurrent">[5]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swaine_1982_MPM286-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Swaine_1982_MPM286_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwaine1982" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Swaine_(technical_author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Swaine (technical author)">Swaine, Michael</a> (1982-04-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZjAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA4">"Homebrew Computer Club views Intel's superchip"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>. <b>4</b> (13). Palo Alto, CA, USA: 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200107223947/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZjAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-07</span></span>. <q>[…] <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> is producing an operating system for the <a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">286</a>. <a href="/wiki/MP/M-286" class="mw-redirect" title="MP/M-286">MP/M-286</a> will take advantage of the processor's memory management and protection and virtual memory support. Digital Research is promising "complete" compatibility with its <a href="/wiki/MP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="MP/M-86">MP/M-86</a> and <a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">8086</a> processor. <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> is supplying Digital Research with the hardware to develop and test MP/M-286. […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Homebrew+Computer+Club+views+Intel%27s+superchip&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1982-04-05&rft.aulast=Swaine&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZjAEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bidmead_1985_CCPM286-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bidmead_1985_CCPM286_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBidmead2006" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_H._Bidmead" title="Christopher H. Bidmead">Bidmead, Christopher H.</a> (2006-05-09) [1985-03-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bidmeadia.blogspot.com/2006/05/surviving-big-blue.html">"Surviving Big Blue"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor Who (magazine)">Doctor Who</a></i>. Which Computer?. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200107223658/http://bidmeadia.blogspot.com/2006/05/surviving-big-blue.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-07</span></span>. <q>[…] Paul Bailey of <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> keenly promotes this approach; it is his company that is supplying <a href="/wiki/International_Computers_Limited" title="International Computers Limited">ICL</a> and others with Concurrent Dos-286. This chameleon operating system allows ICL and other <a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">80286</a> manufacturers to build machines that will be able to cope with all the existing body of IBM-PC software – and at the same time promise multi-tasking, windowing and true concurrency, three features that together allow a single micro to do several things at once. […] Although no firm announcements have been made, it seems certain that by the end of the year <a href="/wiki/Applied_Computer_Techniques" class="mw-redirect" title="Applied Computer Techniques">ACT</a> will be offering a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrent_CP/M-286&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concurrent CP/M-286 (page does not exist)">Concurrent CP/M 286</a> machine to fuel its drive into the corporate market. But by this time it will have to contend with <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>'s own 80286 office micro, the PC/AT. […] IBM also have a software product in the offing that could pull the rug out from under the Concurrent contenders. Some 180K in size, <a href="/wiki/TopView" class="mw-redirect" title="TopView">TopView</a> is a program for IBM PC's and AT's that beefs up the operating system to provide windowing facilities for existing 'well behaved' standard packages. […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Doctor+Who&rft.atitle=Surviving+Big+Blue&rft.date=2006-05-09&rft.aulast=Bidmead&rft.aufirst=Christopher+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbidmeadia.blogspot.com%2F2006%2F05%2Fsurviving-big-blue.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Infoworld_1985_Super-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Infoworld_1985_Super_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Infoworld_1985_Super_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1985" class="citation journal cs1">Foster, Edward (1985-05-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2y4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA17">"Super DOS awaits new 80286 – Concurrent DOS 286 – delayed until Intel upgrades chip – offers Xenix's power and IBM PC compatibility"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>. <b>7</b> (19). <a href="/wiki/InfoWorld_Media_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="InfoWorld Media Group">InfoWorld Media Group</a>: 17–18. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Super+DOS+awaits+new+80286+%E2%80%93+Concurrent+DOS+286+%E2%80%93+delayed+until+Intel+upgrades+chip+%E2%80%93+offers+Xenix%27s+power+and+IBM+PC+compatibility&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=17-18&rft.date=1985-05-13&rft.issn=0199-6649&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2y4EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Infoworld_1985_80286-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Infoworld_1985_80286_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1985" class="citation journal cs1">Foster, Edward (1985-08-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_y4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA21">"Intel shows new 80286 chip – Future of DRI's Concurrent DOS 286 still unclear after processor fixed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>. <b>7</b> (34). <a href="/wiki/InfoWorld_Media_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="InfoWorld Media Group">InfoWorld Media Group</a>: 21. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Intel+shows+new+80286+chip+%E2%80%93+Future+of+DRI%27s+Concurrent+DOS+286+still+unclear+after+processor+fixed&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=34&rft.pages=21&rft.date=1985-08-26&rft.issn=0199-6649&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_y4EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI_1986_FlexOS286-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1986_FlexOS286_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_1986_FlexOS286_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421183934/http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/digitalResearch/flexos/FlexOS_Suppliment_For_iAPX286_Computers_Nov86.pdf"><i>FlexOS Supplement for Intel iAPX 286-based Computers</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1.3 (1 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Research, Inc.">Digital Research, Inc.</a> November 1986. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/digitalResearch/flexos/FlexOS_Suppliment_For_iAPX286_Computers_Nov86.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2019-04-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FlexOS+Supplement+for+Intel+iAPX+286-based+Computers&rft.series=1.3&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Digital+Research%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1986-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bitsavers.org%2Fpdf%2FdigitalResearch%2Fflexos%2FFlexOS_Suppliment_For_iAPX286_Computers_Nov86.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBR_1987_FlexOS-286-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBR_1987_FlexOS-286_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCBR1987" class="citation journal cs1">CBR, ed. (1987-01-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbronline.com/news/digital_research_launches_flexos_286_real_time_manufacturing_operating_system">"Digital Research launches FlexOS 286 Real-Time Manufacturing Operating System"</a>. <i>Computer Business Review</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130118190950/http://www.cbronline.com/news/digital_research_launches_flexos_286_real_time_manufacturing_operating_system">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Business+Review&rft.atitle=Digital+Research+launches+FlexOS+286+Real-Time+Manufacturing+Operating+System&rft.date=1987-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbronline.com%2Fnews%2Fdigital_research_launches_flexos_286_real_time_manufacturing_operating_system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meta_1986_HighC12-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meta_1986_HighC12_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/metaware/High_C_Programmers_Guide_1.2_Concurrent_DOS_Sep85.pdf"><i>High C Programmer's Guide – Version 1.2 for Concurrent DOS</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (1 ed.). Santa Cruz, CA, USA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=MetaWare_Incorporated&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MetaWare Incorporated (page does not exist)">MetaWare Incorporated</a>. 1986 [1985-09-15]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-14</span></span>. <q>[…] This is a guide to the operation of the High C compiler as implemented for the Concurrent DOS 286 1.2 or later operating system – hereafter abbreviated to just "Concurrent" per Digital Research custom – running on the Intel 80286 microprocessor and using the Intel Object-Module Format (OMF). The compiler generates code for any of the Intel 8086/88/186/188/286 family of microprocessors. […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=High+C+Programmer%27s+Guide+%E2%80%93+Version+1.2+for+Concurrent+DOS&rft.place=Santa+Cruz%2C+CA%2C+USA&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=MetaWare+Incorporated&rft.date=1986&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bitsavers.org%2Fpdf%2Fmetaware%2FHigh_C_Programmers_Guide_1.2_Concurrent_DOS_Sep85.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IW_1987_MDOS386-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IW_1987_MDOS386_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss1987" class="citation journal cs1">Weiss, Jiri (1987-02-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0DAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA1">"DRI To Release Multiuser 80386 Operating System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>. <b>9</b> (7): 1, 8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=DRI+To+Release+Multiuser+80386+Operating+System&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1%2C+8&rft.date=1987-02-16&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Jiri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0DAEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Angus_1987_52-11-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Angus_1987_52-11_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Angus_1987_52-11_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngus1987" class="citation journal cs1">Angus, Jeff (1987-09-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Infoworld-1987-09-21">"DRI Updates 2 Concurrent DOS Systems"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=DRI+Updates+2+Concurrent+DOS+Systems&rft.date=1987-09-21&rft.aulast=Angus&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FInfoworld-1987-09-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDOSXM52_2001-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CDOSXM52_2001_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.os.misc/7fej2r5Q7qs/TPhZO5Txm1AJ">"Question about Concurrent DOS XM 5.2 and CP/M"</a>. <i>comp.os.misc</i>. 2001-12-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=comp.os.misc&rft.atitle=Question+about+Concurrent+DOS+XM+5.2+and+CP%2FM&rft.date=2001-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Fmsg%2Fcomp.os.misc%2F7fej2r5Q7qs%2FTPhZO5Txm1AJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fisher_1987_CompuPro-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fisher_1987_CompuPro_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher1987" class="citation journal cs1">Fisher, Sharon (1987-10-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bz8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA19">"Compupro's 80286-Based Multiuser Machine Features Parallel Processing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>: 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Compupro%27s+80286-Based+Multiuser+Machine+Features+Parallel+Processing&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1987-10-19&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBz8EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ryan_1987-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ryan_1987_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ryan_1987_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan1987" class="citation journal cs1">Ryan, Alan J. (1987-10-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IIpG6vryR8AC&pg=PP37">"Concurrent DOS 386 fired up"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a></i>. <b>21</b> (42): 37, 40. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170122151900/https://books.google.com/books?id=IIpG6vryR8AC&pg=PP37&lpg=PP37">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-01-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=Concurrent+DOS+386+fired+up&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=42&rft.pages=37%2C+40&rft.date=1987-10-19&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Alan+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIIpG6vryR8AC%26pg%3DPP37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDOS60-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CDOS60_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.retro-computing.org/?page=item&id=298#mainphoto">"South-West Retro Computing Archive"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South-West+Retro+Computing+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.retro-computing.org%2F%3Fpage%3Ditem%26id%3D298%23mainphoto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDOS386_COMDEX-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CDOS386_COMDEX_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDOS386_COMDEX_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wTsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT28">"Digital to announce Concurrent DOS 386, Release 3.0 at COMDEX"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>. <b>10</b> (46): 29. 1988-11-14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170122163109/https://books.google.com/books?id=wTsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT28&lpg=PT28">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-01-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Digital+to+announce+Concurrent+DOS+386%2C+Release+3.0+at+COMDEX&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=46&rft.pages=29&rft.date=1988-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwTsEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPT28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schulman_1994_Undocumented-DOS_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchulmanBrownMaxeyMichels1994" class="citation book cs1">Schulman, Andrew; <a href="/wiki/Ralf_D._Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralf D. Brown">Brown, Ralf D.</a>; Maxey, David; Michels, Raymond J.; Kyle, Jim (1994) [November 1993]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/undocumenteddosp00andr_0"><i>Undocumented DOS: A programmer's guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures – expanded to include MS-DOS 6, Novell DOS and Windows 3.1</i></a></span> (2 ed.). Reading, Massachusetts, USA: <a href="/wiki/Addison_Wesley" class="mw-redirect" title="Addison Wesley">Addison Wesley</a>. p. 203. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-63287-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-63287-X"><bdi>0-201-63287-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Undocumented+DOS%3A+A+programmer%27s+guide+to+reserved+MS-DOS+functions+and+data+structures+%E2%80%93+expanded+to+include+MS-DOS+6%2C+Novell+DOS+and+Windows+3.1&rft.place=Reading%2C+Massachusetts%2C+USA&rft.pages=203&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Addison+Wesley&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-201-63287-X&rft.aulast=Schulman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Brown%2C+Ralf+D.&rft.au=Maxey%2C+David&rft.au=Michels%2C+Raymond+J.&rft.au=Kyle%2C+Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fundocumenteddosp00andr_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (xviii+856+vi pages, 3.5"-floppy) Errata: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417215556/http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/user/ralf/pub/books/UndocumentedDOS/errata.ud2">[6]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417212906/https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/programming/Undocumented_DOS/#errata-2nd-edition">[7]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1986_CDOSXM-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1986_CDOSXM_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelch1986" class="citation journal cs1">Welch, Mark J. (1986-06-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ty8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA20">"DRI's Latestd Concurrent PC-DOS Touts More Memory"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>: 20<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Concurrent+DOS+%E2%80%93+Powerful+Multiuser+Multitasking+Operating+Systems&rft.pub=Digital+Research&rft.date=1988&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbitsavers.org%2Fpdf%2FdigitalResearch%2Fconcurrent%2F1090-1411-002_Concurrent_DOS_Brochure_1988.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scannell_1991_Scripting-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scannell_1991_Scripting_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScannell1991" class="citation journal cs1">Scannell, Ed (1991-06-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SlAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16">"386 Multiuser/Multitasking DOS Gets Scripting Language, File Flush"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lii.com/NEWS/IMSReorganized.htm">the original</a> on 2003-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IMS+acquired+by+ITERA&rft.pub=Logan+Industries%2C+Inc.+%28LLI%29&rft.date=2002-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lii.com%2FNEWS%2FIMSReorganized.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ITERA_UK-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ITERA_UK_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>ITERA LIMITED</i>, UK Companies List</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ITERA+LIMITED&rft.pub=UK+Companies+List&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NEXOK_Itera-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NEXOK_Itera_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nexok.co.uk/company/04143290/itera-limited">"Itera Limited"</a>. NEXOK<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Itera+Limited&rft.pub=NEXOK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nexok.co.uk%2Fcompany%2F04143290%2Fitera-limited&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-realng-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-realng_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">REAL/NG main page (2001) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011103183717/http://www.realng.com/">[8]</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-keyfeaturesofrealng-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-keyfeaturesofrealng_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Key features of REAL/NG (2003) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030810131406/http://www.realng.com/keyfeaturesofrealng.htm">from realng.com 2003</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-realng_probablylatest-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-realng_probablylatest_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Probably latest REAL/NG (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031224153358/http://www.realng.com/">realng.com 2003</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-realng_disappear-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-realng_disappear_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">REAL/NG disappearing from realng.com (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050130075440/http://realng.com/">realng.com 2005</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US5355501-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-US5355501_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFGrossConstant1994"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US5355501A/en">US patent 5355501</a>, Gross, Roger Alan & Constant, John P., "Idle Detection System", issued 1994-10-11</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=5355501&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Idle+Detection+System&rft.inventor=Gross&rft.date=1994-10-11&rft.appldate=1990-03-09"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovell_Desktop_Systems_Group1993" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Novell_Desktop_Systems_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell Desktop Systems Group">Novell Desktop Systems Group</a> (1993-01-07) [1992]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcorner.com/list/AOS/DRTIPS.ZIP/INFO/">"DRTIPS.ZIP"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> / <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180912215956/https://www.pcorner.com/list/AOS/DRTIPS.ZIP/INFO/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DRTIPS.ZIP&rft.pub=Digital+Research+%2F+Novell&rft.date=1993-01-07&rft.au=Novell+Desktop+Systems+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcorner.com%2Flist%2FAOS%2FDRTIPS.ZIP%2FINFO%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiuser+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401161050/http://www.imsltd.com/">former Intelligent Micro Software (IMS) website (vendors of IMS Multiuser DOS, IMS REAL/32, and REAL/NG)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010515195706/http://www.lii.com/">former Logan Industries (LLI) website (IMS REAL/32 US distributor up to 2002-05-01)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213140207/http://www.conctrls.com/">former Concurrent Controls website (CCI Multiuser DOS)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://applica.com">Applica, Inc. website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040412051935/http://www.aplycon.com/">former Aplycon Technologies, Inc. website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Kildall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Eubanks" title="Gordon Eubanks">Gordon Eubanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Rolander" title="Tom Rolander">Tom Rolander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Strutynski" title="Kathryn Strutynski">Kathryn Strutynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_R._McCracken" title="Edward R. McCracken">Edward R. McCracken</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Digital_Research_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Digital_Research_Logo.svg/110px-Digital_Research_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Digital_Research_Logo.svg/165px-Digital_Research_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Digital_Research_Logo.svg/220px-Digital_Research_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2869" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming<br />languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PL/M" title="PL/M">PL/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBASIC" title="CBASIC">CBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Logo" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Logo">Dr. Logo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Scheme">Dr. Scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Pascal" title="Atari Pascal">Atari Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal/MT%2B" title="Pascal/MT+">Pascal/MT+</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">Software</a>,<br />technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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href="/wiki/Resource_construction_set" title="Resource construction set">Resource construction set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ViewMAX" title="ViewMAX">ViewMAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLT86" class="mw-redirect" title="XLT86">XLT86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_page_(CP/M)" title="Zero page (CP/M)">Zero page</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS_Plus" title="DOS Plus">DOS Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS">DR-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMDOS" title="IMDOS">IMDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP/M" title="MP/M">MP/M</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Multiuser DOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CPMulator" title="CPMulator">CPMulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_project" title="Star Trek project">Star Trek project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computers_running_CP/M" title="List of computers running CP/M">List of computers running CP/M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Digital_Research" title="Category:Digital Research">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Disk_operating_systems_(DOS)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Disk_operating_systems" title="Template:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Disk_operating_systems" title="Template talk:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Disk_operating_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Disk_operating_systems_(DOS)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Disk_operating_system" title="Disk operating system">Disk operating systems</a> (DOS)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MS-DOS, IBM PC DOS,<br />compatible systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*API_*Timeline_*Comparison_*Commands_*Games"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DOS_API" title="DOS API">API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_DOS_operating_systems" title="Timeline of DOS operating systems">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_DOS_operating_systems" title="Comparison of DOS operating systems">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DOS_commands" title="List of DOS commands">Commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_DOS_games" title="Index of DOS games">Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_4.0_(multitasking)" title="MS-DOS 4.0 (multitasking)">Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0/4.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_7" title="MS-DOS 7">MS-DOS 7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS">IBM PC DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS/V" title="DOS/V">DOS/V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS">DR-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="H-DOS">H-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novell_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell DOS">Novell DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROM-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="ROM-DOS">ROM-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SISNE_plus" title="SISNE plus">SISNE plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTS-DOS" title="PTS-DOS">PTS-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeDOS" title="FreeDOS">FreeDOS</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_4680_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 4680 OS">4680 OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4690_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="4690 OS">4690 OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS">86-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADOS_(Russian_operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="ADOS (Russian operating system)">ADOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_CP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent CP/M-86">Concurrent CP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS">Concurrent DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/K" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/K">CP/K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datapac_System_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Datapac System Manager">Datapac System Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS_Plus" title="DOS Plus">DOS Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K8918-OS" class="mw-redirect" title="K8918-OS">K8918-OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="MP/M-86">MP/M-86</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Multiuser DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetWare_PalmDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="NetWare PalmDOS">NetWare PalmDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novell_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell DOS">Novell DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDOS">OpenDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC-MOS/386" title="PC-MOS/386">PC-MOS/386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REAL/32" class="mw-redirect" title="REAL/32">REAL/32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-86" class="mw-redirect" title="SB-86">SB-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCP1700" class="mw-redirect" title="SCP1700">SCP1700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towns_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Towns OS">Towns OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboDOS" title="TurboDOS">TurboDOS</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmigaDOS" title="AmigaDOS">AmigaDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMSDOS" title="AMSDOS">AMSDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANDOS" title="ANDOS">ANDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_DOS" title="Apple DOS">Apple DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProDOS" title="Apple ProDOS">Apple ProDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_SOS" title="Apple SOS">Apple SOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_DOS" title="Atari DOS">Atari DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_TOS" title="Atari TOS">Atari TOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BW-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="BW-DOS">BW-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_DOS" title="Commodore DOS">Commodore DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_68K" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 68K">Concurrent DOS 68K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_V60" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS V60">Concurrent DOS V60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromemco_DOS" title="Cromemco DOS">Cromemco DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSI-DOS" title="CSI-DOS">CSI-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_BATCH-11/DOS-11" title="DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11">DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIP_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="DIP DOS">DIP DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS/360" class="mw-redirect" title="DOS/360">DOS/360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS_XL" title="DOS XL">DOS XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edos" title="Edos">Edos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EOS_(8-bit_operating_system)" title="EOS (8-bit operating system)">EOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLEX_(operating_system)" title="FLEX (operating system)">FLEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEMDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="GEMDOS">GEMDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDEDOS" title="IDEDOS">IDEDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMDOS" title="IMDOS">IMDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-DOS" title="IS-DOS">iS-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_(operating_system)" title="ISIS (operating system)">ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myarc_Disk_Operating_System" title="Myarc Disk Operating System">MDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RCA_MicroDOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RCA MicroDOS (page does not exist)">MicroDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP/M" title="MP/M">MP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX-DOS" title="MSX-DOS">MSX-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="MyDOS">MyDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewDos/80" title="NewDos/80">NewDos/80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS/M" class="mw-redirect" title="OS/M">OS/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTDOS" title="PTDOS">PTDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="RealDOS">RealDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-80" class="mw-redirect" title="SB-80">SB-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_User_Control_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Single User Control Program">SCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_QDOS" title="Sinclair QDOS">Sinclair QDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_General_RDOS" title="Data General RDOS">RDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmartDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="SmartDOS">SmartDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpartaDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="SpartaDOS">SpartaDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpartaDOS_X" title="SpartaDOS X">SpartaDOS X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Support_SuperDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical Support SuperDOS">Technical Support SuperDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-DOS">Top-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-DOS" title="TR-DOS">TR-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRSDOS" title="TRSDOS">TRSDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboDOS" title="TurboDOS">TurboDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="UDOS">UDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-DOS" title="Z-DOS">Z-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z80-RIO" title="Z80-RIO">Z80-RIO</a></li></ul> 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_disk_operating_systems_called_DOS" title="List of disk operating systems called DOS">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&oldid=1252439527#CDOSXM">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multiuser_DOS&oldid=1252439527#CDOSXM</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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