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class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Radical Party of the Left</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">Radical Party (France)</a>.</div> <table class="box-Primary_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="Question book-new.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220115164456im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220115164456im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220115164456im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399"/></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies too much on <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please improve this by adding <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Political party in France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604326">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #F0C200; border-bottom:2px solid #F0C200; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Radical Party of the Left</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">Parti radical de Gauche</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_-_PRG,_le_centre_gauche.svg" class="image"><img alt="Logo - PRG, le centre gauche.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220115164456im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Logo_-_PRG%2C_le_centre_gauche.svg/180px-Logo_-_PRG%2C_le_centre_gauche.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="91" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20220115164456im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Logo_-_PRG%2C_le_centre_gauche.svg/270px-Logo_-_PRG%2C_le_centre_gauche.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20220115164456im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Logo_-_PRG%2C_le_centre_gauche.svg/360px-Logo_-_PRG%2C_le_centre_gauche.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="477"/></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">PRG</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Guillaume Lacroix</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Faure" title="Maurice Faure">Maurice Faure</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1971 (GEARS)<br/>1972 (MGRS)<br/>1973 (MRG)<br/>1994 (Radical)<br/>1996 (PRS)<br/>1998 (PRG)<br/>2019 (PRG, refoundation)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">9 December 2017<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">2017-12-09</span>)</span> (1998 PRG)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">Radical Party</a><br/><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Movement" title="Radical Movement">Radical Movement</a> (2019 PRG)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Movement" title="Radical Movement">Radical Movement</a> (majority)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">13, Rue Duroc <br/>F - 75007, <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Radicals_of_the_Left" title="Young Radicals of the Left">Young Radicals of the Left</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nordsieck_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nordsieck-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kempf2007_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kempf2007-2">[2]</a></sup><br/><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">Pro-Europeanism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bell2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell2012-3">[3]</a></sup> <br/> <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_federalism" class="mw-redirect" title="European federalism">European federalism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a><sup id="cite_ref-AnttiroikoMälkiä2007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnttiroikoMälkiä2007-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mondon2013_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mondon2013-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hubé2013_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hubé2013-6">[6]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Radical_Alliance" title="European Radical Alliance">ERA</a> (1994–1999)<br/><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">S&D</a> (2014–2017)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#F0C200; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">Yellow</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#34495e; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of France">National Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 577</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F0C200; width: 0.5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 348</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F0C200; width: 0.6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 79</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F0C200; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_councils_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional councils of France">Presidency of Regional Councils</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 17</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F0C200; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departmental_councils_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Departmental councils (France)">Presidency of Departmental Councils</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 95</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F0C200; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/http://www.partiradicaldegauche.fr/">www<wbr/>.partiradicaldegauche<wbr/>.fr</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><div class="plainlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #F0C200;"><ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics of France</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_France" title="Elections in France">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045330069">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Radicalism_(historical)" title="Category:Radicalism (historical)">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicalism_(historical)" title="Radicalism (historical)">Radicalism (historical)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Revolutions" title="Atlantic Revolutions">Atlantic Revolutions</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Revolution" title="Belgian Revolution">Belgian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartism" title="Chartism">Chartism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_liberalism" title="History of liberalism">History of liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">Civic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_radicalism" title="Cultural radicalism">Cultural radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">Freedom of movement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobin_(politics)" title="Jacobin (politics)">Jacobinism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor movement">Labor movement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">Left-wing populism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_movement" title="Reform movement">Reform movement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secularism_in_France" title="Secularism in France">Laicité</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">Social change</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">Suffrage</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilitarianism" title="Utilitarianism">Utilitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare" title="Welfare">Welfare</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leandro_N._Alem" title="Leandro N. Alem">Alem</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Bolívar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cartwright_(political_reformer)" title="John Cartwright (political reformer)">Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Clemenceau</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Garibaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._H._Green" title="T. H. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_H%C3%A9bert" title="Jacques Hébert">Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Hobhouse" title="Leonard Hobhouse">Hobhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s_France" title="Pierre Mendès France">Mendès France</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Mill" title="James Mill">Mill (James)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill (John)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Mommsen</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Mossadegh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Mossadegh">Mossadegh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Robespierre</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Roux</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow" title="Rudolf Virchow">Virchow</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wilkes" title="John Wilkes">Wilkes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Wollstonecraft</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center">Groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authentic_Radical_Liberal_Party" title="Authentic Radical Liberal Party">Authentic Radical Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordeliers" title="Cordeliers">Cordeliers</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9bertists" title="Hébertists">Hébertists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> (elements)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-thinking_Democratic_League" title="Free-thinking Democratic League">Free-thinking Democratic League</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_Far_Left" title="Historical Far Left">Historical Far Left</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Radicals" title="Independent Radicals">Independent Radicals</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Radical_Party" title="Italian Radical Party">Italian Radical Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Radicals" title="Italian Radicals">Italian Radicals</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Republican_Party" title="Italian Republican Party">Italian Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacksonian_democracy" title="Jacksonian democracy">Jacksonian Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobin" title="Jacobin">Jacobin</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mountain" title="The Mountain">The Mountain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Liberal_Party" title="Mexican Liberal Party">Mexican Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Ecologista_Radical_Intransigente" title="Partido Ecologista Radical Intransigente">Partido Ecologista Radical Intransigente</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Radical_Party" title="People's Radical Party">People's Radical Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Change" title="Radical Change">Radical Change</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Civic_Union" title="Radical Civic Union">Radical Civic Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicales_K" title="Radicales K">Radicales K</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_League" title="Radical League">Radical League</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Danish Social Liberal Party">Radical Left</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Movement" title="Radical Movement">Radical Movement</a></li> <li>Radical Party <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Party_(Italy)" title="Radical Party (Italy)">Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Radical Party of Chile <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Party_of_Chile" title="Radical Party of Chile">1863</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Party_of_Chile_(2018)" title="Radical Party of Chile (2018)">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Radical Party of the Left</a></li> <li>Radical People's Party <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_People%27s_Party_(Finland)" title="Radical People's Party (Finland)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Republican_Party" title="Radical Republican Party">Radical Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Republicans" title="Radical Republicans">Radical Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Whigs" title="Radical Whigs">Radical Whigs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicals_(UK)" title="Radicals (UK)">Radicals (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrag%C3%A9s" title="Enragés">Ultra-radicals</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center">By region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Bulgaria" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Chile" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Denmark" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Ecuador" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_France" title="Liberalism and radicalism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Italy" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Paraguay" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Romania" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Spain" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Switzerland" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">History of socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_in_Europe" title="Liberalism in Europe">Liberalism in Europe</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><a 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.navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Radicalism_sidebar" title="Template:Radicalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Radicalism_sidebar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Radicalism sidebar (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Radicalism_sidebar&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Radical Party of the Left</b> (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Parti radical de gauche</i>, PRG) is a <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">social-liberal</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nordsieck_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nordsieck-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kempf2007_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kempf2007-2">[2]</a></sup> <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">political party in France</a>. A party in the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicalism_(historical)#France" title="Radicalism (historical)">Radical</a> tradition, since 1972 the PRG was a close ally of the major party of the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left">centre-left</a> in <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> (French: <i lang="fr">Parti socialiste</i>, PS).<sup id="cite_ref-Bell2002_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell2002-7">[7]</a></sup> After the 2017 <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">presidential</a> and <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_French_legislative_election" title="2017 French legislative election">legislative</a> elections, negotiations to merge the PRG with the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">Radical Party</a> (from which the PRG emerged in 1972) began and the refounding congress to reunite the parties into the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Movement" title="Radical Movement">Radical Movement</a> was held on 9 and 10 December 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> However, a faction of ex-PRG members, including its last president <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvia_Pinel" title="Sylvia Pinel">Sylvia Pinel</a>, split from the Radical Movement in February 2019 due to its expected alliance with <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche">La République En Marche</a> in the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2019 European Parliament election in France">European elections</a> and resurrected the PRG.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"/><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Ideology"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Ideology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Factions"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Factions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Elected_officials"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Elected officials</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Popular_support"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Popular support</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Presidential_elections"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Presidential elections</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Legislative_elections"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Legislative elections</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#European_Parliament_elections"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">European Parliament elections</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Leadership"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Leadership</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_of_the_Left&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The party was formed in 1972 by a split from the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">Republican, Radical, and Radical-Socialist Party</a>, once the dominant party of the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Left" title="French Left">French Left</a>. It was founded by Radicals who opposed <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Servan-Schreiber" title="Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber">Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber</a>'s <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrist">centrist</a> direction and chose to join the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_the_Left_(France)" title="Union of the Left (France)">Union of the Left</a> and agreed to the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme_commun" title="Programme commun">Common Programme</a> signed by the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> (PS) and the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a> (PCF). At that time, the party was known as the <b>Movement of the Radical Socialist Left</b> (French: <i lang="fr">Parti républicain, radical et radical-socialiste</i>, MGRS), then as the <b>Movement of Radicals of the Left</b> (French: <i lang="fr">Mouvement des Radicaux de Gauche</i>, MRG) after 1973. </p><p>Led by <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fabre" title="Robert Fabre">Robert Fabre</a> during the 1970s, the party was the third partner of the Union of the Left. Nevertheless, its electoral influence did not compare with those of its two allies, which competed for the leadership over the left. <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fabre" title="Robert Fabre">Robert Fabre</a> sought to attract <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a> <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullists</a> to the party and gradually became close to President <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a>, who nominated him as Mediator of the Republic in 1978. He and his followers were excluded from the party by those who strongly supported the alliance with the PS. </p><p><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Cr%C3%A9peau" title="Michel Crépeau">Michel Crépeau</a> was nominated by the party for the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_French_presidential_election" title="1981 French presidential election">1981 presidential election</a> and obtained a disappointing 2.09% in the first round. He and his party in the runoff endorsed PS candidate <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a>, who eventually won. The MRG won 14 seats in the subsequent <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_French_legislative_election" title="1981 French legislative election">1981 legislative election</a> and participated in PS-led governments between 1981 and 1986 and again between 1988 and 1993. </p><p>In the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1984 European Parliament election in France">1984 European elections</a>, the MRG formed a common list with <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brice_Lalonde" title="Brice Lalonde">Brice Lalonde</a>'s environmentalists and <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olivier_Stirn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olivier Stirn (page does not exist)">Olivier Stirn</a>, a <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">centre-right</a> deputy. The list styled as the Radical and Ecologist Agreement won 3.32%, but no seats.<sup id="cite_ref-ColeDoherty2006_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ColeDoherty2006-11">[11]</a></sup> The party resumed its customary alliance with the PS in the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_French_legislative_election" title="1986 French legislative election">1986 legislative election</a> and supported President Mitterrand's 1988 reelection bid by the first round. </p><p>At the beginning of the 1990s, under the leadership of the popular businessman <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Tapie" title="Bernard Tapie">Bernard Tapie</a> the party benefited from an ephemeral upswing in its popularity while the governing SP was in disarray. The list led by Tapie won 12.03% and 13 seats<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> of the votes in the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1994 European Parliament election in France">1994 European Parliament election</a>. However, Tapie retired from politics due to his legal problems and the party, renamed the <b>Radical Socialist Party</b> (French: <i lang="fr">Parti radical-socialiste</i>, PRS), returned to its lowest ebb. </p><p>After the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">Radical Party</a> opened legal proceedings against the PRS, it was forced to change its name to the <b>Radical Party of the Left</b> (French: <i lang="fr">Parti radical de gauche</i>, PRG). Between 1997 and 2002, it was a junior partner in <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Lionel Jospin</a>'s <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plural_Left" title="Plural Left">Plural Left</a> coalition government. In the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_French_presidential_election" title="2002 French presidential election">2002 presidential election</a>, the PRG nominated its own candidate, former MEP and <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> deputy <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiane_Taubira" title="Christiane Taubira">Christiane Taubira</a>, for the first time since 1981. However, some members of the party including <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zuccarelli" title="Émile Zuccarelli">Émile Zuccarelli</a> and PRG senator <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Alfonsi" title="Nicolas Alfonsi">Nicolas Alfonsi</a> supported <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Chev%C3%A8nement" title="Jean-Pierre Chevènement">Jean-Pierre Chevènement</a>'s candidacy. Taubira won 2.32% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> Taubira gave her name to the 2001 law which declared the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a> a <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_against_humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime against humanity">crime against humanity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_French_presidential_election" title="2007 French presidential election">2007 presidential election</a>, while the party supported the PS candidate <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9gol%C3%A8ne_Royal" title="Ségolène Royal">Ségolène Royal</a>, Bernard Tapie, who had been a leading figure in the PRG, supported <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a>. In the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_French_legislative_election" title="2007 French legislative election">2007 legislative election</a>, the party won eight seats, including a seat in <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> (Taubira) and <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon">Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon</a>. </p><p>The party split on <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_constitutional_law_of_23_July_2008" title="French constitutional law of 23 July 2008">NSarkozy's constitutional reforms</a> in 2008. Six deputies (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Charasse" title="Gérard Charasse">Gérard Charasse</a>, <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Giacobbi" title="Paul Giacobbi">Paul Giacobbi</a>, <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annick_Girardin" title="Annick Girardin">Annick Girardin</a>, <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl_Giraud" title="Joël Giraud">Joël Giraud</a>, <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique_Orliac" title="Dominique Orliac">Dominique Orliac</a> and <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvia_Pinel" title="Sylvia Pinel">Sylvia Pinel</a>) and three senators (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Baylet" title="Jean-Michel Baylet">Jean-Michel Baylet</a>, <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Boyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Boyer (page does not exist)">André Boyer</a> and <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Vendasi" title="François Vendasi">François Vendasi</a>) opted to vote in favour, hence allowing for its passage. </p><p>The PRG's then-president <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Baylet" title="Jean-Michel Baylet">Jean-Michel Baylet</a> ran in the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Socialist_Party_presidential_primary,_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="French Socialist Party presidential primary, 2011">2011 SP presidential primaries</a>, the only non-PS candidate in the field, but was placed last with only 0.64% of the vote in the primary. The PRG supported <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a>, the eventual winner of the primaries and the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012 presidential election</a>. In the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_French_legislative_election" title="2012 French legislative election">2012 legislative election</a>, the PRG won 12 seats. With four additional members, it formed its own parliamentary group in the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="French National Assembly">National Assembly</a>, the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical,_Republican,_Democratic_and_Progressist" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical, Republican, Democratic and Progressist">Radical, Republican, Democratic and Progressive</a> group. </p><p>Although the PRG remained a close and loyal ally of the PS, it has also cooperated with the small <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology_Generation" title="Ecology Generation">Ecology Generation</a> (GE) party since December 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2014 European Parliament election in France">2014 European elections</a>, the party received 13.98% of the vote on a joint list with the PS, electing one MEP <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginie_Rozi%C3%A8re" title="Virginie Rozière">Virginie Rozière</a>, who joined the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a> (S&D) group with PS MEPs. </p><p>In the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Socialist_Party_presidential_primary,_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="French Socialist Party presidential primary, 2017">2017 SP presidential primary</a>, PRG candidate <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvia_Pinel" title="Sylvia Pinel">Sylvia Pinel</a> received 2% of the vote in the first round election held on 22 January 2017. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Ideology">Ideology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_of_the_Left&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ideology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The PRG advocates <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicalism_(historical)" title="Radicalism (historical)">radicalism</a>, <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a> to its French extent known as <i><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%AFcit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Laïcité">laïcité</a></i>, <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressivism</a>, <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_federalism" class="mw-redirect" title="European federalism">European federalism</a>, and <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individual freedom</a>; it differs from the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democrats">social democrats</a> of the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> mainly by its strong attachment to <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">private property</a>. </p><p>The party was a member of the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party</a> before 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Factions">Factions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_of_the_Left&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Factions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Under Baylet, the PRG's party line was centre-left, socially liberal and pro-European. Nevertheless, there were internal divisions in the party. Former cabinet minister and former deputy <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zuccarelli" title="Émile Zuccarelli">Émile Zuccarelli</a> is a left-wing republican who strongly opposed <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsican_nationalism" title="Corsican nationalism">Corsican nationalism</a> and supported the no vote in the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_French_European_Constitution_referendum" title="2005 French European Constitution referendum">2005 European constitutional referendum</a>, positions much closer to <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Chev%C3%A8nement" title="Jean-Pierre Chevènement">Jean-Pierre Chevènement</a>'s <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_and_Republican_Movement" title="Citizen and Republican Movement">Citizen and Republican Movement</a> (MRC). Similarly, Christiane Taubira supported the no vote in 2005 and endorsed <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnaud_Montebourg" title="Arnaud Montebourg">Arnaud Montebourg</a> rather than Baylet in the 2011 primary. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Elected_officials">Elected officials</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_of_the_Left&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Elected officials">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li>Ministers: <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annick_Girardin" title="Annick Girardin">Annick Girardin</a>, <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_M%C3%A9zard" title="Jacques Mézard">Jacques Mézard</a></li> <li>Deputies: <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Claireaux" title="Stéphane Claireaux">Stéphane Claireaux</a> (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Pierre_et_Miquelon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Pierre et Miquelon">Saint Pierre et Miquelon</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[a]</a></sup> <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanine_Dubi%C3%A9" title="Jeanine Dubié">Jeanine Dubié</a> (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a>), <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvia_Pinel" title="Sylvia Pinel">Sylvia Pinel</a> (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li>Senators (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Democratic_and_Social_Rally_group" title="European Democratic and Social Rally group">RDSE group</a>): <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Castelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Castelli (page does not exist)">Joseph Castelli</a> (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a>), <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvon_Collin" title="Yvon Collin">Yvon Collin</a> (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a>), <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Esnol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Esnol (page does not exist)">Philippe Esnol</a> (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a>), <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fortassin" title="François Fortassin">François Fortassin</a> (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a>), <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Laborde" title="Françoise Laborde">Françoise Laborde</a> (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a>), <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_M%C3%A9zard" title="Jacques Mézard">Jacques Mézard</a> (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a>), <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Claude_Requier" title="Jean-Claude Requier">Jean-Claude Requier</a> (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a>)</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Popular_support">Popular support</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_of_the_Left&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Popular support">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The PRG remained rather weak on its own electorally, averaging around 2% of the vote (2002 presidential candidate <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiane_Taubira" title="Christiane Taubira">Christiane Taubira</a> won 2.32% of the vote); which explains why the party depended on its stronger ally, the PS for support and parliamentary representation. Almost all of the party's deputies and local officials were elected with no official PS opposition. It retained some support among <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a> voters and in traditional Radical areas in the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_France" title="Southern France">South West</a>. </p><p>The major exception was in <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>, where the party was historically the largest party on the non-<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a> <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Left" title="French Left">French Left</a> and remains so to its time of dissolution due to a tradition of political dynasties (such as the Giacobbi family) and the weak infrastructure of the PS on the island. <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Giacobbi" title="Paul Giacobbi">Paul Giacobbi</a> represented <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a> in the National Assembly until he stood down at the 2017 elections (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zuccarelli" title="Émile Zuccarelli">Émile Zuccarelli</a>, an internal rival of Giacobbi and current mayor of <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastia" title="Bastia">Bastia</a>, also represented the island in Paris until his 2007 defeat) and Senators <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Alfonsi" title="Nicolas Alfonsi">Nicolas Alfonsi</a> and <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Vendasi" title="François Vendasi">François Vendasi</a> represented the Corsican PRG in the Senate. Giacobbi is also <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_departmental_councils_(France)" title="List of presidents of departmental councils (France)">President of the General Council</a> of <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a>. </p><p>In metropolitan France, the PRG was able to sustain a long-lasting Radical tradition dating back to the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French Third Republic</a>, most notably in the southwest or departments such as the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a> and <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a>. </p><p>The party was represented overseas in <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> by Taubira's <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walwari" title="Walwari">Walwari</a>, one of the major parties of the local left. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Presidential_elections">Presidential elections</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_of_the_Left&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Presidential elections">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the French Republic">President of the French Republic</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th>No. of first round votes </th> <th>% of first round vote </th> <th>No. of second round votes </th> <th>% of second round vote </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_French_presidential_election" title="1981 French presidential election">1981</a> </th> <td><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Cr%C3%A9peau" title="Michel Crépeau">Michel Crépeau</a> </td> <td>642,847 </td> <td>2.21% </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_French_presidential_election" title="2002 French presidential election">2002</a> </th> <td><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiane_Taubira" title="Christiane Taubira">Christiane Taubira</a> </td> <td>660,447 </td> <td>2.32% </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Legislative_elections">Legislative elections</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_of_the_Left&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legislative elections">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="French National Assembly">French National Assembly</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year </th> <th>No. of first round votes </th> <th>% of first round vote </th> <th>No. of seats </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_French_legislative_election" title="1973 French legislative election">1973</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Classified as PS </td> <td>13<sup id="cite_ref-France-politique.com_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France-politique.com-19">[18]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_French_legislative_election" title="1978 French legislative election">1978</a> </th> <td>603,932 </td> <td>2.11% </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_French_legislative_election" title="1981 French legislative election">1981</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Classified as PS </td> <td>14<sup id="cite_ref-France-politique.com_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France-politique.com-19">[18]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_French_legislative_election" title="1986 French legislative election">1986</a> </th> <td>107,769 </td> <td>0.38% </td> <td>7<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[b]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_French_legislative_election" title="1988 French legislative election">1988</a> </th> <td>272,316 </td> <td>1.11% </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_French_legislative_election" title="1993 French legislative election">1993</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Classified as PS or DVG </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_French_legislative_election" title="1997 French legislative election">1997</a> </th> <td>389,782 </td> <td>1.53% </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_French_legislative_election" title="2002 French legislative election">2002</a> </th> <td>388,891 </td> <td>1.54% </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_French_legislative_election" title="2007 French legislative election">2007</a> </th> <td>343,565 </td> <td>1.32% </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_French_legislative_election" title="2012 French legislative election">2012</a> </th> <td>429,059 </td> <td>1.65% </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_French_legislative_election" title="2017 French legislative election">2017</a> </th> <td>106,311 </td> <td>0.47% </td> <td>3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="European_Parliament_elections">European Parliament elections</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_of_the_Left&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: European Parliament elections">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year </th> <th>Number of votes </th> <th>% of overall vote </th> <th>No. of seats won </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1979 European Parliament election in France">1979</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Ran on PS list </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1984 European Parliament election in France">1984</a> </th> <td>670,474 </td> <td>3.32%<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[c]</a></sup> </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1989 European Parliament election in France">1989</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Ran on PS list </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1994 European Parliament election in France">1994</a> </th> <td>2,344,457 </td> <td>12.03% </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1999 European Parliament election in France">1999</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Ran on PS list </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2004 European Parliament election in France">2004</a> </th> <td>121,573 </td> <td>0.71% </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2009 European Parliament election in France">2009</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Did not run </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2014 European Parliament election in France">2014</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Ran on PS list </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2019 European Parliament election in France">2019</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Ran on PS list </td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Leadership">Leadership</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_of_the_Left&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Leadership">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Party presidents: </p> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fabre" title="Robert Fabre">Robert Fabre</a> (1972–1978)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Cr%C3%A9peau" title="Michel Crépeau">Michel Crépeau</a> (1978–1981)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger-G%C3%A9rard_Schwartzenberg" title="Roger-Gérard Schwartzenberg">Roger-Gérard Schwartzenberg</a> (1981–1983)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Baylet" title="Jean-Michel Baylet">Jean-Michel Baylet</a> (1983–1985)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Doubin" title="François Doubin">François Doubin</a> (1985–1988)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvon_Collin" title="Yvon Collin">Yvon Collin</a> (1988–1989)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zuccarelli" title="Émile Zuccarelli">Émile Zuccarelli</a> (1989–1992)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Hory" title="Jean-François Hory">Jean-François Hory</a> (1992–1996)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Baylet" title="Jean-Michel Baylet">Jean-Michel Baylet</a> (1996–2016)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvia_Pinel" title="Sylvia Pinel">Sylvia Pinel</a> (2016–2017)</li> <li>Guillaume Lacroix (2019–present)</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_of_the_Left&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Radical_Alliance" title="European Radical Alliance">European Radical Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Left" title="French Left">French Left</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_France" title="Liberalism and radicalism in France">Liberalism and radicalism in France</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicalism_(historical)" title="Radicalism (historical)">Radicalism (historical)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinistrisme" title="Sinistrisme">Sinistrisme</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_of_the_Left&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">replacing <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annick_Girardin" title="Annick Girardin">Annick Girardin</a> while she is a cabinet minister</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including 5 elected on PS-MRG lists in various departments.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Results of the <i>Entente radicale écologiste pour les États-Unis d'Europe</i> which included the MRG, but also ecologists (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brice_Lalonde" title="Brice Lalonde">Brice Lalonde</a>) and centrists (<a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olivier_Stirn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olivier Stirn (page does not exist)">Olivier Stirn</a>).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_of_the_Left&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1011085734"/><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Nordsieck-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nordsieck_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nordsieck_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//web.archive.org/web/20220115164456im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//web.archive.org/web/20220115164456im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//web.archive.org/web/20220115164456im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//web.archive.org/web/20220115164456im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFNordsieck2017" class="citation web cs1">Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/france.html">"France"</a>. <i>Parties and Elections in Europe</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parties+and+Elections+in+Europe&rft.atitle=France&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Nordsieck&rft.aufirst=Wolfram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parties-and-elections.eu%2Ffrance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadical+Party+of+the+Left" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kempf2007-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kempf2007_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kempf2007_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFUdo_Kempf2007" class="citation book cs1">Udo Kempf (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/https://books.google.com/books?id=7BVfgYBUSwsC&pg=PA190"><i>Das politische System Frankreichs</i></a>. Springer DE. p. 190. <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-531-32973-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-531-32973-4"><bdi>978-3-531-32973-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+politische+System+Frankreichs&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Springer+DE&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-531-32973-4&rft.au=Udo+Kempf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7BVfgYBUSwsC%26pg%3DPA190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadical+Party+of+the+Left" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bell2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bell2012_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDavid_S._Bell2012" class="citation book cs1">David S. Bell (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/https://books.google.com/books?id=H8T9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22">"The 'European Integration' Cleavage in the Party System: The French Case"</a>. In Erol Külahci (ed.). <i>Europeanisation and Party Politics: How the EU affects Domestic Actors, Patterns and Systems</i>. ECPR Press. p. 22. <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-907301-84-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-907301-84-1"><bdi>978-1-907301-84-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+%27European+Integration%27+Cleavage+in+the+Party+System%3A+The+French+Case&rft.btitle=Europeanisation+and+Party+Politics%3A+How+the+EU+affects+Domestic+Actors%2C+Patterns+and+Systems&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=ECPR+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-907301-84-1&rft.au=David+S.+Bell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH8T9AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadical+Party+of+the+Left" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AnttiroikoMälkiä2007-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AnttiroikoMälkiä2007_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFAri-Veikko_AnttiroikoMatti_Mälkiä2007" class="citation book cs1">Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko; Matti Mälkiä (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/https://books.google.com/books?id=iDrTMazYhdkC&pg=PA389"><i>Encyclopedia of Digital Government</i></a>. Idea Group Inc (IGI). p. 389. <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59140-790-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59140-790-4"><bdi>978-1-59140-790-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Digital+Government&rft.pages=389&rft.pub=Idea+Group+Inc+%28IGI%29&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59140-790-4&rft.au=Ari-Veikko+Anttiroiko&rft.au=Matti+M%C3%A4lki%C3%A4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiDrTMazYhdkC%26pg%3DPA389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadical+Party+of+the+Left" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mondon2013-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mondon2013_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFAurélien_Mondon2013" class="citation book cs1">Aurélien Mondon (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/https://books.google.com/books?id=7OSuKXwUr5YC&pg=PP27"><i>The Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right in France and Australia: A Populist Hegemony?</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 27. <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4724-0526-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4724-0526-5"><bdi>978-1-4724-0526-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mainstreaming+of+the+Extreme+Right+in+France+and+Australia%3A+A+Populist+Hegemony%3F&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4724-0526-5&rft.au=Aur%C3%A9lien+Mondon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7OSuKXwUr5YC%26pg%3DPP27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadical+Party+of+the+Left" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hubé2013-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hubé2013_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFNicolas_Hubé2013" class="citation book cs1">Nicolas Hubé (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/https://books.google.com/books?id=1lpKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA24">"France"</a>. In Nicolò Conti (ed.). <i>Party Attitudes Towards the EU in the Member States: Parties for Europe, Parties Against Europe</i>. Routledge. p. 24. <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-93656-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-93656-5"><bdi>978-1-317-93656-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=France&rft.btitle=Party+Attitudes+Towards+the+EU+in+the+Member+States%3A+Parties+for+Europe%2C+Parties+Against+Europe&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-317-93656-5&rft.au=Nicolas+Hub%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1lpKAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadical+Party+of+the+Left" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bell2002-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bell2002_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDavid_S._Bell2002" class="citation book cs1">David S. Bell (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/https://books.google.com/books?id=s2lIt4ssdQMC&pg=PA65"><i>French Politics Today</i></a>. Manchester University Press. p. 65. <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5876-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5876-9"><bdi>978-0-7190-5876-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+Politics+Today&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-5876-9&rft.au=David+S.+Bell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds2lIt4ssdQMC%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadical+Party+of+the+Left" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMarion_Mourgue2017" class="citation news cs1">Marion Mourgue (17 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/2017/09/17/25001-20170917ARTFIG00012-les-radicaux-font-un-pas-de-plus-vers-l-unite8230-et-l-independance.php">"Les radicaux font un pas de plus vers l'unité... et l'indépendance"</a>. <i>Le Figaro</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Les+radicaux+font+un+pas+de+plus+vers+l%27unit%C3%A9...+et+l%27ind%C3%A9pendance&rft.date=2017-09-17&rft.au=Marion+Mourgue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fle-scan%2F2017%2F09%2F17%2F25001-20170917ARTFIG00012-les-radicaux-font-un-pas-de-plus-vers-l-unite8230-et-l-independance.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadical+Party+of+the+Left" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCharline_Hurel2017" class="citation news cs1">Charline Hurel (16 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2017/09/16/separee-depuis-1972-la-famille-radicale-fait-universite-d-ete-commune_5186613_823448.html">"Les radicaux de gauche et de droite en voie de réunion pour peser au centre"</a>. <i>Le Monde</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Les+radicaux+de+gauche+et+de+droite+en+voie+de+r%C3%A9union+pour+peser+au+centre&rft.date=2017-09-16&rft.au=Charline+Hurel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2017%2F09%2F16%2Fseparee-depuis-1972-la-famille-radicale-fait-universite-d-ete-commune_5186613_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadical+Party+of+the+Left" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFTristan_Quinault-Maupoil2019" class="citation news cs1">Tristan Quinault-Maupoil (11 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2019/02/11/01002-20190211ARTFIG00283--gauche-les-echeances-electorales-divisent-les-radicaux.php">"À gauche, les échéances électorales divisent les radicaux"</a>. <i>Le Figaro</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=%C3%80+gauche%2C+les+%C3%A9ch%C3%A9ances+%C3%A9lectorales+divisent+les+radicaux&rft.date=2019-02-11&rft.au=Tristan+Quinault-Maupoil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fpolitique%2F2019%2F02%2F11%2F01002-20190211ARTFIG00283--gauche-les-echeances-electorales-divisent-les-radicaux.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadical+Party+of+the+Left" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ColeDoherty2006-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ColeDoherty2006_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFAlistair_ColeBrian_Doherty2006" class="citation book cs1">Alistair Cole; Brian Doherty (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/https://books.google.com/books?id=doiJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA36">"France: Pas come les autres – the French Greens at the crossroads"</a>. In Dick Richardson; Chris Rootes (eds.). <i>The Green Challenge: The Development of Green Parties in Europe</i>. Routledge. p. 36. <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-84403-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-84403-6"><bdi>978-1-134-84403-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=France%3A+Pas+come+les+autres+%E2%80%93+the+French+Greens+at+the+crossroads&rft.btitle=The+Green+Challenge%3A+The+Development+of+Green+Parties+in+Europe&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-134-84403-6&rft.au=Alistair+Cole&rft.au=Brian+Doherty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdoiJAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadical+Party+of+the+Left" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/https://web.archive.org/web/20120725204639/http://dev.ulb.ac.be/cevipol/en/elections_france_europeennes_1994.html">"CEVIPOL - Electoral results: France - European elections of 1994"</a>. Dev.ulb.ac.be. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/http://dev.ulb.ac.be/cevipol/en/elections_france_europeennes_1994.html">the original</a> on 25 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CEVIPOL+-+Electoral+results%3A+France+-+European+elections+of+1994&rft.pub=Dev.ulb.ac.be&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdev.ulb.ac.be%2Fcevipol%2Fen%2Felections_france_europeennes_1994.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadical+Party+of+the+Left" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/https://web.archive.org/web/20120725175546/http://dev.ulb.ac.be/cevipol/en/elections_france_presidentielles_2002.html">"CEVIPOL - Electoral results: France - Presidential elections of 2002"</a>. Dev.ulb.ac.be. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/http://dev.ulb.ac.be/cevipol/en/elections_france_presidentielles_2002.html">the original</a> on 25 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CEVIPOL+-+Electoral+results%3A+France+-+Presidential+elections+of+2002&rft.pub=Dev.ulb.ac.be&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdev.ulb.ac.be%2Fcevipol%2Fen%2Felections_france_presidentielles_2002.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadical+Party+of+the+Left" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/http://www.ldh-toulon.net/spip.php?article575">"La Loi Taubira"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/https://web.archive.org/web/20110927162328/http://www.ldh-toulon.net/spip.php?article575">Archived</a> 27 September 2011 at the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_League_(France)" title="Human Rights League (France)">Human Rights League (France)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/http://www.generation-ecologie.fr/2011/12/14/bapt%C3%AAme-du-p%C3%B4le-radical-et-ecologique/">"Baptême du Pôle Radical et Ecologique"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/https://archive.today/20120604135939/http://www.generation-ecologie.fr/2011/12/14/bapt%C3%AAme-du-p%C3%B4le-radical-et-ecologique/">Archived</a> 4 June 2012 at <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>. <i>Génération écologie</i>. 21 December 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/http://www.planeteradicale.org/Creation-du-pole-radical-et.html">Création du "pôle radical et écologique"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/https://web.archive.org/web/20130730045546/http://www.planeteradicale.org/Creation-du-pole-radical-et.html">Archived</a> 30 July 2013 at the <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Parti radical de gauche</i>. 21 December 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/https://web.archive.org/web/20140713171747/http://www.libdemvoice.org/eldr-council-between-a-rock-and-some-very-hard-places-indeed-28572.html">"ELDR Council: between a rock and some very hard places indeed..."</a> Libdemvoice.org. 18 May 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/http://www.libdemvoice.org/eldr-council-between-a-rock-and-some-very-hard-places-indeed-28572.html">the original</a> on 13 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ELDR+Council%3A+between+a+rock+and+some+very+hard+places+indeed...&rft.pub=Libdemvoice.org&rft.date=2012-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.libdemvoice.org%2Feldr-council-between-a-rock-and-some-very-hard-places-indeed-28572.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadical+Party+of+the+Left" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-France-politique.com-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-France-politique.com_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-France-politique.com_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/http://www.france-politique.fr/mouvement-des-radicaux-de-gauche.htm">"Chronologie des radicaux de gauche MRG PRG"</a>. France-politique.fr. 17 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronologie+des+radicaux+de+gauche+MRG+PRG&rft.pub=France-politique.fr&rft.date=2007-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france-politique.fr%2Fmouvement-des-radicaux-de-gauche.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadical+Party+of+the+Left" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_of_the_Left&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/https://www.partiradicaldegauche.fr/">Official website</a></li></ul> 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Main_political_parties_in_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:French_political_parties" title="Template:French political parties"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:French_political_parties" title="Template talk:French political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:French_political_parties&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Main_political_parties_in_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Main <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">political parties in France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">Far-left</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutte_Ouvri%C3%A8re" title="Lutte Ouvrière">Lutte Ouvrière</a> (LO)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Anticapitalist_Party" title="New Anticapitalist Party">New Anticapitalist Party</a> (NPA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a> (PCF)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_France_Insoumise" title="La France Insoumise">La France Insoumise</a> (LFI)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">Europe Ecology – The Greens</a> (EELV)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> (PS)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Radical Party of the Left</a> (PRG)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" title="La République En Marche!">La République En Marche!</a> (LREM)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">Democratic Movement</a> (MoDem)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">Radical Party</a> (PRV)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territories_of_Progress" title="Territories of Progress">Territories of Progress</a> (TDP)</li> <li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_and_Independents" title="Union of Democrats and Independents">Union of Democrats and Independents</a> (UDI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agir_(France)" title="Agir (France)">Agir</a></li> <li><a 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href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscellaneous_left" title="Miscellaneous left">Miscellaneous left</a> (DVG), <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscellaneous_centre" title="Miscellaneous centre">Miscellaneous centre</a> (DVC) and <a href="/web/20220115164456/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscellaneous_right" title="Miscellaneous right">Miscellaneous right</a> (DVD)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427965#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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