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costs</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: transaction costs"> <meta name="keywords" content="transaction costs"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="transaction costs"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2410</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: transaction costs</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2380</span> Contrasting Infrastructure Sharing and Resource Substitution Synergies Business Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robin%20Molinier">Robin Molinier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial symbiosis (I.S) rely on two modes of cooperation that are infrastructure sharing and resource substitution to obtain economic and environmental benefits. The former consists in the intensification of use of an asset while the latter is based on the use of waste, fatal energy (and utilities) as alternatives to standard inputs. Both modes, in fact, rely on the shift from a business-as-usual functioning towards an alternative production system structure so that in a business point of view the distinction is not clear. In order to investigate the way those cooperation modes can be distinguished, we consider the stakeholders' interplay in the business model structure regarding their resources and requirements. For infrastructure sharing (following economic engineering literature) the cost function of capacity induces economies of scale so that demand pooling reduces global expanses. Grassroot investment sizing decision and the ex-post pricing strongly depends on the design optimization phase for capacity sizing whereas ex-post operational cost sharing minimizing budgets are less dependent upon production rates. Value is then mainly design driven. For resource substitution, synergies value stems from availability and is at risk regarding both supplier and user load profiles and market prices of the standard input. Baseline input purchasing cost reduction is thus more driven by the operational phase of the symbiosis and must be analyzed within the whole sourcing policy (including diversification strategies and expensive back-up replacement). Moreover, while resource substitution involves a chain of intermediate processors to match quality requirements, the infrastructure model relies on a single operator whose competencies allow to produce non-rival goods. Transaction costs appear higher in resource substitution synergies due to the high level of customization which induces asset specificity, and non-homogeneity following transaction costs economics arguments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20model" title="business model">business model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity" title=" capacity"> capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sourcing" title=" sourcing"> sourcing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergies" title=" synergies"> synergies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78278/contrasting-infrastructure-sharing-and-resource-substitution-synergies-business-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2379</span> The Impacts of Technology on Operations Costs: The Mediating Role of Operation Flexibility</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazli%20Idris">Fazli Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihad%20Mohammad"> Jihad Mohammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aims to determine the impact of technology and service operations flexibility, which is divided into external flexibility and internal robustness, on operations costs. A mediation model is proposed that links technology to operations costs via operation flexibility. Drawing on a sample of 475 of operations managers of various service sectors in Malaysia and South Africa, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to test the relationship using Smart-PLS procedures. It was found that a significant relationship was established between technologies to operations costs via both operations flexibility dimensions. Theoretical and managerial implications are offered to explain the results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Operations%20flexibility" title="Operations flexibility">Operations flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=costs" title=" costs"> costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediation" title=" mediation"> mediation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18185/the-impacts-of-technology-on-operations-costs-the-mediating-role-of-operation-flexibility" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">613</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2378</span> A Simulation of Land Market through Agent-Based Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zilin%20Zhang">Zilin Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agent-based simulation has become a popular method of exploring the behavior of all kinds of urban systems. The city clearly is viewed as such a system. Many urban evolution processes, such as the development or the transaction of a piece of land, can be modeled with a set of rules. Such modeling approaches can be used to gain insight into urban-development and land market transactions in the real world. Our work contributes to such type of research by modeling the transactions of lands in a city and its surrounding suburbs. By replicating the demand and supply needs in the land market, we are able to demonstrate the different transaction patterns in three types of residential areas - downtown, city-suburban, and further suburban areas. In addition, we are also able to compare the vital roles of different activation conditions play in generating the various transaction patterns of the land market at the macro level. We use this simulation to loosely test our hypotheses about the nature of activation regimes by the replication of the Zi traders’ model. In the end, we hope our analytical results can be useful for city planners and policymakers to develop rational city plans and policies for shaping sustainable urban development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title="simulation">simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agent-based%20modeling" title=" agent-based modeling"> agent-based modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20market" title=" housing market"> housing market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city" title=" city"> city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155772/a-simulation-of-land-market-through-agent-based-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2377</span> Modulation of the Europay, MasterCard, and VisaCard Authentications by Using Avispa Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ossama%20Al-Maliki">Ossama Al-Maliki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Europay, MasterCard, and Visa (EMV) is the transaction protocol for most of the world and especially in Europe and the UK. EMV protocol consists of three main stages which are: card authentication, cardholder verification methods, and transaction authorization. This paper details in full the EMV card authentications. We have used AVISPA and SPAN tools to do our modulization for the EMV card authentications. The code for each type of the card authentication was written by using CAS+ language. The results showed that our modulations were successfully addressed all the steps of the EMV card authentications and the entire process of the EMV card authentication are secured. Also, our modulations were successfully addressed all the main goals behind the EMV card authentications according to the EMV specifications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMV" title="EMV">EMV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=card%20authentication" title=" card authentication"> card authentication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contactless%20card" title=" contactless card"> contactless card</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SDA" title=" SDA"> SDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DDA" title=" DDA"> DDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDA%20AVISPA" title=" CDA AVISPA"> CDA AVISPA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89595/modulation-of-the-europay-mastercard-and-visacard-authentications-by-using-avispa-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2376</span> Integrating Cost-Benefit Assessment and Contract Design to Support Industrial Symbiosis Deployment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robin%20Molinier">Robin Molinier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial symbiosis (I.S) is the realization of Industrial Ecology (I.E) principles in production systems in function. I.S consists in the use of waste materials, fatal energy, recirculated utilities and infrastructure/service sharing as resources for production. Environmental benefits can be achieved from resource conservation but economic profitability is required by the participating actors. I.S indeed involves several actors with their own objectives and resources so that each one must be satisfied by ex-ante arrangements to commit toward I.S execution (investments and transactions). Following the Resource-Based View of transactions we build a modular framework to assess global I.S profitability and to specify each actor’s contributions to costs and benefits in line with their resource endowments and performance requirements formulations. I.S projects specificities implied by the need for customization (asset specificity, non-homogeneity) induce the use of long-term contracts for transactions following Transaction costs economics arguments. Thus we propose first a taxonomy of costs and value drivers for I.S and an assignment to each actor of I.S specific risks that we identified as load profiles mismatch, quality problems and value fluctuations. Then appropriate contractual guidelines (pricing, cost sharing and warranties) that support mutual profitability are derived from the detailed identification of contributions by the cost-benefits model. This analytical framework helps identifying what points to focus on when bargaining over contracting for transactions and investments. Our methodology is applied to I.S archetypes raised from a literature survey on eco-industrial parks initiatives and practitioners interviews. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contracts" title="contracts">contracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost-benefit%20analysis" title=" cost-benefit analysis"> cost-benefit analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20symbiosis" title=" industrial symbiosis"> industrial symbiosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risks" title=" risks"> risks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78236/integrating-cost-benefit-assessment-and-contract-design-to-support-industrial-symbiosis-deployment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2375</span> A Study on Relationships between Authenticity of Transactions, Quality of Relationships, and Transaction Performances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Kwon%20Park">Chan Kwon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chae-Bogk%20Kim"> Chae-Bogk Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Min%20Park"> Sung-Min Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is a research on the authenticity of transactions between corporations and quality of their relationships and transaction performances. As the factors of authenticity of transactions, honesty, transparency, customer orientation and consistency were selected; as the factors of quality of relationships, trust and commitment were selected, and as the factors of transactions performances, intention of repeat transactions and switching intention were selected, and on these relationships a hypothesis was established, and verification was conducted. First, the factors of the authenticity of transactions positively influenced the factors of quality of relationships. Thus, a higher level of authenticity of transactions can lead to higher level of trust and commitment. Second, the factors of quality of relationships made a positive influence on the intention of repeat transactions, while a negative influence in the switching intention. Third, it showed that trust and commitment as the factors of quality of relationships functioned partly as the parameter between the authenticity of transactions and transaction performances. Finally, it proved that the factors of the authenticity of transactions improved trust and commitment in transactions between corporations and further improved the intention of repeat transactions while they decreased the switching intention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authenticity%20of%20transactions" title="authenticity of transactions">authenticity of transactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commitment" title=" commitment"> commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intention%20of%20repeat%20transactions" title=" intention of repeat transactions"> intention of repeat transactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20intention" title=" switching intention"> switching intention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54024/a-study-on-relationships-between-authenticity-of-transactions-quality-of-relationships-and-transaction-performances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2374</span> Evaluating the Cost of Quality: A Case Study of a South African Foundry Business</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chipo%20Mugova">Chipo Mugova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuko%20Mjobo"> Zuko Mjobo </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost of quality (COQ) at a local foundry business to identify the contribution of its units and processes to quality costs within the foundry’s operations. The foundry selected for detailed case study is one of major businesses that have been targeted by the government to produce components for building and re-furbishing wagons and trains. The study aimed at identifying areas in the foundry’s processes in which investment needs to be made to reduce quality costs. This is in alignment with government’s vision of promoting local business to support local markets leading to creation of jobs, and hence reduction of unemployment rate in South Africa. The methodology adopted used cost of quality models. Results from the study indicated that internal failure costs were significantly higher than all other cost of quality categories, taking more than 60% of the business’s income. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appraisal%20costs" title="appraisal costs">appraisal costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20of%20quality" title=" cost of quality"> cost of quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20costs" title=" failure costs"> failure costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20content" title=" local content"> local content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention%20costs" title=" prevention costs"> prevention costs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6305/evaluating-the-cost-of-quality-a-case-study-of-a-south-african-foundry-business" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2373</span> The Economic Impact of Mediation: An Analysis in Time of Crisis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20M.%20Cebola">C. M. Cebola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20H.%20Ferreira"> V. H. Ferreira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the past decade mediation has been legally implemented in European legal systems, especially after the publication by the European Union of the Directive 2008/52/EC on certain aspects of mediation in civil and mercantile matters. Developments in international trade and globalization in this new century have led to an increase of the number of litigations, often cross-border, and the courts have failed to respond adequately. We do not advocate that mediation should be promoted as the solution for all justice problems, but as a means with its own specificities that the parties may choose to consider as the best way to resolve their disputes. Thus, the implementation of mediation should be based on the advantages of its application. From the economic point of view, competitive negotiation can generate negative external effects in social terms. A solution reached in a court of law is not always the most efficient one considering all elements of society (economic social benefit). On the other hand, the administration of justice adds in economic terms transaction costs that can be mitigated by the application of other forms of conflict resolution, such as mediation. In this paper, the economic benefits of mediation will be analysed in the light of various studies on the functioning of justice. Several theoretical arguments will be confronted with empirical studies to demonstrate that mediation has significant positive economic effects. The objective is to contribute to the dissemination of mediation between companies and citizens, but also to demonstrate the cost to governments and states of still limited use of mediation, particularly in the current economic crisis and propose actions to develop the application of mediation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20impact" title="economic impact">economic impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=litigation%20costs" title=" litigation costs"> litigation costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediation" title=" mediation"> mediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solutions" title=" solutions"> solutions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63142/the-economic-impact-of-mediation-an-analysis-in-time-of-crisis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2372</span> Final Costs of Civil Claims</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behnam%20Habibi%20Dargah">Behnam Habibi Dargah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The economics of cost-benefit theory seeks to monitor claims and determine their final price. The cost of litigation is important because it is a measure of the efficiency of the justice system. From an economic point of view, the cost of litigation is considered to be the point of equilibrium of litigation, whereby litigation is regarded as a high-risk investment and is initiated when the costs are less than the probable and expected benefits. Costs are economically separated into private and social costs. Private cost includes material (direct and indirect) and spiritual costs. The social costs of litigation are also subsidized-centric due to the public and governmental nature of litigation and cover both types of bureaucratic bureaucracy and the costs of judicial misconduct. Macroeconomic policy in the economics of justice is the reverse engineering of controlling the social costs of litigation by employing selective litigation and working on the judicial culture to achieve rationality in the monopoly system. Procedures for controlling and managing court costs are also circumscribed to economic patterns in the field. Rational cost allocation model and cost transfer model. The rational allocation model deals with cost-tolerance systems, and the transfer model also considers three models of transferability, including legal, judicial and contractual transferability, which will be described and explored in the present article in a comparative manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20of%20litigation" title="cost of litigation">cost of litigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economics%20of%20litigation" title=" economics of litigation"> economics of litigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20cost" title=" private cost"> private cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20cost" title=" social cost"> social cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20of%20litigation" title=" cost of litigation"> cost of litigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126746/final-costs-of-civil-claims" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2371</span> Economic Characteristics of Bitcoin: "An Analytical Study"</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhalem%20Shahen">Abdelhalem Shahen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The world is now experiencing a digital revolution and greatly accelerated technological developments, in addition to the transition from the economy in its traditional form to the digital economy, which has resulted in the emergence of new tools that are appropriate to those developments, and from this, this paper attempts to explore the economic characteristics of the bitcoin currency that circulated recently. Due to the many advantages that distinguish it from money in its traditional forms, which have a range of economic effects. The study found that Bitcoin is among the technological innovations, which contain a set of characteristics that are worth studying, those that make it the focus of attention, such as the digital currency, the peer-to-peer property, Lower and Faster Transaction Costs, transparency, decentralized control, privacy, and Double-Spending, as well as security and Cryptographic, and finally mining. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Digital%20Economics" title="Digital Economics">Digital Economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Digital%20Currencies" title=" Digital Currencies"> Digital Currencies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bitcoin" title=" Bitcoin"> Bitcoin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Features%20of%20Bitcoin" title=" Features of Bitcoin"> Features of Bitcoin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123868/economic-characteristics-of-bitcoin-an-analytical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2370</span> Bilateral Trade Costs Analysis of Policy Barriers for Growth Oriented Strategies in Exports</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabana%20Noureen">Shabana Noureen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Mahmood"> Zafar Mahmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Economies consistently engage in trade across borders and face tariff, non-tariff barriers and other quotas that constitute trade costs. The trade costs imposed by policy barriers on exports are considered an impediment in the export growth rate. This work aims to measure over-year trends in total and bilateral trade costs and their trends in relevance to policy barriers (tariff and non-tariff). The analysis through the micro-founded theoretically based gravity model showed that the total trade costs have a general decreasing trend in the world while in the case of developing countries, the rate by which these trends decline is very low. Bilateral trade cost estimates associated with the policy barriers represent that the non-tariff barriers in a developing country have a major role in sustaining the high trade costs as compared to the tariff barriers. This ultimately leads to a low net declining rate. This work emphasizes that for developing countries the non-tariff barriers are a major factor that renders their exports and to be uncompetitive in the world market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade%20costs" title="trade costs">trade costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy%20barriers" title=" policy barriers"> policy barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tariff%20barriers" title=" tariff barriers"> tariff barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-tariff%20barriers" title=" non-tariff barriers"> non-tariff barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade%20policies" title=" trade policies"> trade policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20growth" title=" export growth"> export growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129564/bilateral-trade-costs-analysis-of-policy-barriers-for-growth-oriented-strategies-in-exports" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2369</span> A Memetic Algorithm for an Energy-Costs-Aware Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20B%C3%B6ning">Christian Böning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henrik%20Prinzhorn"> Henrik Prinzhorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20C.%20Hund"> Eric C. Hund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malte%20Stonis"> Malte Stonis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, the flexible job-shop scheduling problem is extended by consideration of energy costs which arise owing to the power peak, and further decision variables such as work in process and throughput time are incorporated into the objective function. This enables a production plan to be simultaneously optimized in respect of the real arising energy and logistics costs. The energy-costs-aware flexible job-shop scheduling problem (EFJSP) which arises is described mathematically, and a memetic algorithm (MA) is presented as a solution. In the MA, the evolutionary process is supplemented with a local search. Furthermore, repair procedures are used in order to rectify any infeasible solutions that have arisen in the evolutionary process. The potential for lowering the real arising costs of a production plan through consideration of energy consumption levels is highlighted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20costs" title="energy costs">energy costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20job-shop%20scheduling" title=" flexible job-shop scheduling"> flexible job-shop scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memetic%20algorithm" title=" memetic algorithm"> memetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20peak" title=" power peak"> power peak</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69892/a-memetic-algorithm-for-an-energy-costs-aware-flexible-job-shop-scheduling-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2368</span> Blame Classification through N-Grams in E-Commerce Customer Reviews</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhadeep%20Mandal">Subhadeep Mandal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujoy%20Bhattacharya"> Sujoy Bhattacharya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pabitra%20Mitra"> Pabitra Mitra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diya%20Guha%20Roy"> Diya Guha Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seema%20Bhattacharya"> Seema Bhattacharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> E-commerce firms allow customers to evaluate and review the things they buy as a positive or bad experience. The e-commerce transaction processes are made up of a variety of diverse organizations and activities that operate independently but are connected together to complete the transaction (from placing an order to the goods reaching the client). After a negative shopping experience, clients frequently disregard the critical assessment of these businesses and submit their feedback on an all-over basis, which benefits certain enterprises but is tedious for others. In this article, we solely dealt with negative reviews and attempted to distinguish between negative reviews where the e-commerce firm is explicitly blamed by customers for a bad purchasing experience and other negative reviews. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title="e-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20shopping" title=" online shopping"> online shopping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20reviews" title=" customer reviews"> customer reviews</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20behaviour" title=" customer behaviour"> customer behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20analytics" title=" text analytics"> text analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=n-grams%20classification" title=" n-grams classification"> n-grams classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168088/blame-classification-through-n-grams-in-e-commerce-customer-reviews" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2367</span> The Moderation Effect of Critical Item on the Strategic Purchasing: Quality Performance Relationship</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwong%20Yeung">Kwong Yeung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Theories about strategic purchasing and quality performance are underdeveloped. Understanding the evolving role of purchasing from reactive to proactive is a pressing strategic issue. Using survey responses from 176 manufacturing and electronics industry professionals, we study the relationships between strategic purchasing and supply chain partners’ quality performance to answer the following questions: Can transaction cost economics be used to elucidate the strategic purchasing-quality performance relationship? Is this strategic purchasing-quality performance relationship moderated by critical item analysis? The findings indicate that critical item analysis positively and significantly moderates the strategic purchasing-quality performance relationship. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20item%20analysis" title="critical item analysis">critical item analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moderation" title=" moderation"> moderation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20performance" title=" quality performance"> quality performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20purchasing" title=" strategic purchasing"> strategic purchasing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transaction%20cost%20economics" title=" transaction cost economics"> transaction cost economics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15349/the-moderation-effect-of-critical-item-on-the-strategic-purchasing-quality-performance-relationship" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">563</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2366</span> A Contribution to Blockchain Privacy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malika%20Yaici">Malika Yaici</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feriel%20Lalaoui"> Feriel Lalaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lydia%20Belhoul"> Lydia Belhoul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a new distributed point-to-point (P2P) technology, blockchain has become a very broad field of research, addressing various challenges, including privacy preserving, as is the case in all other technologies. In this work, a study of the existing solutions to the problems related to private life in general and in blockchains in particular is performed. User anonymity and transaction confidentiality are the two main challenges to the protection of privacy in blockchains. Mixing mechanisms and cryptographic solutions respond to this problem but remain subject to attacks and suffer from shortcomings. Taking into account these imperfections and the synthesis of our study, we present a mixing model without trusted third parties, based on group signatures, allowing reinforcing the anonymity of the users, the confidentiality of the transactions, with minimal turnaround time and without mixing costs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anonymity" title="anonymity">anonymity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title=" blockchain"> blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20coins" title=" mixing coins"> mixing coins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privacy" title=" privacy"> privacy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194226/a-contribution-to-blockchain-privacy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">12</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2365</span> A Study of the Costs and Benefits of Smart City Projects Including the Scenario of Public-Private Partnerships</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20T.%20I.%20Lam">Patrick T. I. Lam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenjing%20Yang"> Wenjing Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A smart city project embraces benefits and costs which can be classified under direct and indirect categories. Externalities come into the picture, but they are often difficult to quantify. Despite this barrier, policy makers need to carry out cost-benefit analysis to justify the huge investments needed to make a city smart. The recent trend is towards the engagement of the private sector to utilize their resources and expertise, especially in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) areas, where innovations blossom. This study focuses on the identification of costs (on a life cycle basis) and benefits associated with smart city project developments based on a comprehensive literature review and case studies, where public-private partnerships would warrant consideration, the related costs and benefits are highlighted. The findings will be useful for policy makers of cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20city%20projects" title="smart city projects">smart city projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=costs%20and%20benefits" title=" costs and benefits"> costs and benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identification" title=" identification"> identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public-private%20partnerships" title=" public-private partnerships"> public-private partnerships</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71175/a-study-of-the-costs-and-benefits-of-smart-city-projects-including-the-scenario-of-public-private-partnerships" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2364</span> Transition Pay vs. Liquidity Holdings: A Comparative Analysis on Consumption Smoothing using Bank Transaction Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nora%20Neuteboom">Nora Neuteboom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates household financial behaviors during unemployment spells in the Netherlands using high-frequency transaction data through a event study specification integrating propensity score matching. In our specification, we contrasted treated individuals, who underwent job loss, with non-treated individuals possessing comparable financial characteristics. The initial onset of unemployment triggers a substantial surge in income, primarily attributed to transition payments, but swiftly drops post-unemployment, with unemployment benefits covering slightly over half of former salary earnings. Despite a re-employment rate of around half within six months, the treatment group experiences a persistent average monthly earnings reduction of approximately 600 EUR by month. Spending patterns fluctuate significantly, surging before unemployment due to transition payments and declining below non-treated individuals post-unemployment, indicating challenges to fully smooth consumption after job loss. Furthermore, our study disentangles the effects of transition payments and liquidity holdings on spending, revealing that transition payments exert a more pronounced and prolonged impact on consumption smoothing than liquidity holdings. Transition payments significantly stimulate spending, particularly in pin and iDEAL categories, contrasting a much smaller relative spending impact of liquidity holdings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household%20consumption" title="household consumption">household consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transaction%20data" title=" transaction data"> transaction data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title=" big data"> big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20score%20matching" title=" propensity score matching"> propensity score matching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189675/transition-pay-vs-liquidity-holdings-a-comparative-analysis-on-consumption-smoothing-using-bank-transaction-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2363</span> Securing the Electronic Commerce - The Way Forward: A Comparative Ananlysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarthak%20Mishra">Sarthak Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Astha%20Sinha"> Astha Sinha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There’s no doubt about the convenience of making commercial and business transactions over the Internet under the new business model known as the e-Commerce. The term 'Electronic commerce' or e-Commerce refers to the use of an electronic medium to carry out commercial transactions. E-Commerce is one of the parts of Information Science framework and its uses are gradually becoming popular. Thus, the threat of security issues in Information Science has now become an important subject of discussion amongst the concerned users. These two issues i.e. security and privacy are required to be looked into through social, organizational, technical and economic perspectives. The current paper analyses the effect of these two issues in the arena of e-commerce. Here, no specification has been discussed rather an attempt has been made to provide a general overview. Further, attempts have been made to discuss the security and privacy issues in relation to the E-Commerce financial transactions. We shall also discuss in particular different steps required to be taken before online shopping and also shall discuss the purpose of security and privacy in E-Commerce and why it has currently become the need of the present hour. Lastly, an attempt has been made to discuss the plausible future course of development of this practice and its impact upon the global economy and if any changes should be bought about to ensure a smooth evolution of the practice. This paper has adopted a descriptive methodology to undertake its major area of study, wherein the major source of information has been via the secondary resources. Also, the study is of a comparative nature wherein the position of the various national regimes have compared with regards to the research question. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business-business%20transaction%20%28B2B%29" title="business-business transaction (B2B)">business-business transaction (B2B)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business-consumer%20transaction%20%28B2C%29" title=" business-consumer transaction (B2C)"> business-consumer transaction (B2C)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title=" e-commerce"> e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20transaction" title=" online transaction"> online transaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privacy%20and%20security%20threats" title=" privacy and security threats"> privacy and security threats</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53081/securing-the-electronic-commerce-the-way-forward-a-comparative-ananlysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2362</span> The Intention to Use E-Money Transaction: The Moderating Effect of Security in Conceptual Frammework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Husnil%20Khatimah">Husnil Khatimah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fairol%20Halim"> Fairol Halim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research examines the moderating impact of security on intention to use e-money that adapted from some variables of the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) and TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior). This study will use security as moderating variable and finds these relationship depends on customer intention to use e-money as payment tools. The conceptual framework of e-money transactions was reviewed to understand behavioral intention of consumers from perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived behavioral control and security. Quantitative method will be utilized as sources of data collection. A total of one thousand respondents will be selected using quota sampling method in Medan, Indonesia. Descriptive analysis and Multiple Regression analysis will be conducted to analyze the data. The article ended with suggestion for future studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-money%20transaction" title="e-money transaction">e-money transaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TAM%20%26%20TPB" title=" TAM & TPB"> TAM & TPB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moderating%20variable" title=" moderating variable"> moderating variable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioral%20intention" title=" behavioral intention"> behavioral intention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20paper" title=" conceptual paper"> conceptual paper</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8497/the-intention-to-use-e-money-transaction-the-moderating-effect-of-security-in-conceptual-frammework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2361</span> Quality and Quantity in the Strategic Network of Higher Education Institutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juha%20Kettunen">Juha Kettunen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study analyzes the quality and the size of the strategic network of higher education institutions and the concept of fitness for purpose in quality assurance. It also analyses the transaction costs of networking that have consequences on the number of members in the network. Empirical evidence is presented from the Consortium on Applied Research and Professional Education, which is a European strategic network of six higher education institutions. The results of the study support the argument that the number of members in the strategic network should be relatively small to provide high-quality results. The practical importance is that networking has been able to promote international research and development projects. The results of this study are important for those who want to design and improve international networks in higher education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title="higher education">higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20and%20development" title=" research and development"> research and development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20management" title=" strategic management"> strategic management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45063/quality-and-quantity-in-the-strategic-network-of-higher-education-institutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2360</span> The Impact of Quality Cost on Revenue Sharing in Supply Chain Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fayza%20M.%20Obied-Allah">Fayza M. Obied-Allah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Customer’ needs, quality, and value creation while reducing costs through supply chain management provides challenges and opportunities for companies and researchers. In the light of these challenges, modern ideas must contribute to counter these challenges and exploit opportunities. Perhaps this paper will be one of these contributions. This paper discusses the impact of the quality cost on revenue sharing as a most important incentive to configure business networks. No doubt that the costs directly affect the size of income generated by a business network, so this paper investigates the impact of quality costs on business networks revenue, and their impact on the decision to participate the revenue among the companies in the supply chain. This paper develops the quality cost approach to align with the modern era, the developed model includes five categories besides the well-known four categories (namely prevention costs, appraisal costs, internal failure costs, and external failure costs), a new category has been developed in this research as a new vision of the relationship between quality costs and innovations of industry. This new category is Recycle Cost. This paper is organized into six sections, Section I shows quality costs overview in the supply chain. Section II discusses revenue sharing between the parties in supply chain. Section III investigates the impact of quality costs in revenue sharing decision between partners in supply chain. The fourth section includes survey study and presents statistical results. Section V discusses the results and shows future opportunities for research. Finally, Section VI summarizes the theoretical and practical results of this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20cost" title="quality cost">quality cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycle%20cost" title=" recycle cost"> recycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revenue%20sharing" title=" revenue sharing"> revenue sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20management" title=" supply chain management"> supply chain management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27761/the-impact-of-quality-cost-on-revenue-sharing-in-supply-chain-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27761.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2359</span> Out of Pocket Costs for Patients with Tuberculosis in Colombia: Evidence from Three Metropolitan Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Hernandez">Jose Hernandez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20Mart%C3%ADnez"> Lina Martínez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gustavo%20Gonzalez"> Gustavo Gonzalez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20L%C3%A1zaro"> Carlos Lázaro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20Castrillon"> Diana Castrillon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Cardona"> Jonathan Cardona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Mej%C3%ADa"> Laura Mejía</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yina%20Sanchez"> Yina Sanchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luisa%20Ochoa"> Luisa Ochoa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evert%20Jimenez"> Evert Jimenez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Economic analyses of tuberculosis control interventions are usually focused on the payer’s perspective. To assess the overall economic impact of the disease, out-of-pocket and indirect costs are also required. This research is aimed to estimate overall economic impact under DOTS-strategy (Directly Observed Therapy Short Course). Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 91 adult tuberculosis patients in treatment for at least two months was conducted from the society perspective. A standardized questionnaire was used in three different cities of Colombia: Medellin (poverty is 17.7%), Monteria (poverty is 36.9%) and Quibdó (poverty is 51.2%). Costs were converted to 2013 USD and categorized into two periods: diagnostics phase and treatment. Results: The median cost during diagnostics was 13$ (±SD 9.5). The median monthly patient out-of-pocket costs during treatment were 32$ (±SD 6.8), equivalent to 17% of patient’s median monthly income, estimated in 186$ (±SD 23). Costs recorded in Medellin were 47$ in Monteria was 18$ and in Quibdó was 13$. Conclusion: Patient costs under DOTS strategy are high even when services are provided free of charge. The creation or strengthening of community-based treatment supervisors could greatly impact costs of tuberculosis and lower drop-outs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis" title="tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=costs%20and%20cost%20analysis" title=" costs and cost analysis"> costs and cost analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20promotion" title=" health promotion"> health promotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colombia" title=" Colombia"> Colombia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5825/out-of-pocket-costs-for-patients-with-tuberculosis-in-colombia-evidence-from-three-metropolitan-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2358</span> Enabling Cloud Adoption Based Secured Mobile Banking through Backend as a Service</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20Jagadeesh%20Kumar">P. S. Jagadeesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Meenakshi%20Sundaram"> S. Meenakshi Sundaram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the increase of prevailing non-traditional rivalry, mobile banking experiences an ever changing commercial backdrop. Substantial customer demands have established to be more intricate as customers request more expediency and superintend over their banking services. To enterprise advance and modernization in mobile banking applications, it is gradually obligatory to deeply leapfrog the scuffle using business model transformation. The dramaturgical vicissitudes taking place in mobile banking entail advanced traditions to exploit security. By reforming and transforming older back office into integrated mobile banking applications, banks can engender a supple and nimble banking environment that can rapidly respond to new business requirements over cloud computing. Cloud computing is transfiguring ecosystems in numerous industries, and mobile banking is no exemption providing services innovation, greater flexibility to respond to improved security and enhanced business intelligence with less cost. Cloud technology offer secure deployment possibilities that can provision banks in developing new customer experiences, empower operative relationship and advance speed to efficient banking transaction. Cloud adoption is escalating quickly since it can be made secured for commercial mobile banking transaction through backend as a service in scrutinizing the security strategies of the cloud service provider along with the antiquity of transaction details and their security related practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20adoption" title="cloud adoption">cloud adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backend%20as%20a%20service" title=" backend as a service"> backend as a service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20intelligence" title=" business intelligence"> business intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secured%20mobile%20banking" title=" secured mobile banking"> secured mobile banking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78153/enabling-cloud-adoption-based-secured-mobile-banking-through-backend-as-a-service" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2357</span> Enhanced Disk-Based Databases towards Improved Hybrid in-Memory Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Kaspi">Samuel Kaspi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sitalakshmi%20Venkatraman"> Sitalakshmi Venkatraman </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In-memory database systems are becoming popular due to the availability and affordability of sufficiently large RAM and processors in modern high-end servers with the capacity to manage large in-memory database transactions. While fast and reliable in-memory systems are still being developed to overcome cache misses, CPU/IO bottlenecks and distributed transaction costs, disk-based data stores still serve as the primary persistence. In addition, with the recent growth in multi-tenancy cloud applications and associated security concerns, many organisations consider the trade-offs and continue to require fast and reliable transaction processing of disk-based database systems as an available choice. For these organizations, the only way of increasing throughput is by improving the performance of disk-based concurrency control. This warrants a hybrid database system with the ability to selectively apply an enhanced disk-based data management within the context of in-memory systems that would help improve overall throughput. The general view is that in-memory systems substantially outperform disk-based systems. We question this assumption and examine how a modified variation of access invariance that we call enhanced memory access, (EMA) can be used to allow very high levels of concurrency in the pre-fetching of data in disk-based systems. We demonstrate how this prefetching in disk-based systems can yield close to in-memory performance, which paves the way for improved hybrid database systems. This paper proposes a novel EMA technique and presents a comparative study between disk-based EMA systems and in-memory systems running on hardware configurations of equivalent power in terms of the number of processors and their speeds. The results of the experiments conducted clearly substantiate that when used in conjunction with all concurrency control mechanisms, EMA can increase the throughput of disk-based systems to levels quite close to those achieved by in-memory system. The promising results of this work show that enhanced disk-based systems facilitate in improving hybrid data management within the broader context of in-memory systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-memory%20database" title="in-memory database">in-memory database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disk-based%20system" title=" disk-based system"> disk-based system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20database" title=" hybrid database"> hybrid database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concurrency%20control" title=" concurrency control"> concurrency control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20941/enhanced-disk-based-databases-towards-improved-hybrid-in-memory-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2356</span> Survival Chances and Costs after Heart Attacks: An Instrumental Variable Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alice%20Sanwald">Alice Sanwald</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Schober"> Thomas Schober</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We analyze mortality and follow-up costs of heart attack patients using administrative data from Austria (2002-2011). As treatment intensity in a hospital largely depends on whether it has a catheterization laboratory, we focus on the effects of patients' initial admission to these specialized hospitals. To account for the nonrandom selection of patients into hospitals, we exploit individuals' place of residence as a source of exogenous variation in an instrumental variable framework. We find that the initial admission to specialized hospitals increases patients' survival chances substantially. The effect on 3-year mortality is -9.5 percentage points. A separation of the sample into subgroups shows the strongest effects in relative terms for patients below the age of 65. We do not find significant effects on longterm inpatient costs and find only marginal increases in outpatient costs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20myocardial%20infarction" title="acute myocardial infarction">acute myocardial infarction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortality" title=" mortality"> mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=costs" title=" costs"> costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instrumental%20variables" title=" instrumental variables"> instrumental variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart%20attack" title=" heart attack"> heart attack</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20741/survival-chances-and-costs-after-heart-attacks-an-instrumental-variable-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20741.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2355</span> Autonomic Threat Avoidance and Self-Healing in Database Management System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wajahat%20Munir">Wajahat Munir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Haseeb"> Muhammad Haseeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeel%20Anjum"> Adeel Anjum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basit%20Raza"> Basit Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Kamran%20Malik"> Ahmad Kamran Malik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Databases are the key components of the software systems. Due to the exponential growth of data, it is the concern that the data should be accurate and available. The data in databases is vulnerable to internal and external threats, especially when it contains sensitive data like medical or military applications. Whenever the data is changed by malicious intent, data analysis result may lead to disastrous decisions. Autonomic self-healing is molded toward computer system after inspiring from the autonomic system of human body. In order to guarantee the accuracy and availability of data, we propose a technique which on a priority basis, tries to avoid any malicious transaction from execution and in case a malicious transaction affects the system, it heals the system in an isolated mode in such a way that the availability of system would not be compromised. Using this autonomic system, the management cost and time of DBAs can be minimized. In the end, we test our model and present the findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomic%20computing" title="autonomic computing">autonomic computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-healing" title=" self-healing"> self-healing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threat%20avoidance" title=" threat avoidance"> threat avoidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71728/autonomic-threat-avoidance-and-self-healing-in-database-management-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2354</span> Quality and Quantity in the Strategic Network of Higher Education Institutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juha%20Kettunen">Juha Kettunen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt">This study analyzes the quality and the size of the strategic network of higher education institutions. The study analyses the concept of fitness for purpose in quality assurance. It also analyses the transaction costs of networking that have consequences on the number of members in the network. Empirical evidence is presented of the Consortium on Applied Research and Professional Education, which is a European strategic network of six higher education institutions. The results of the study support the argument that the number of members in the strategic network should be relatively small to provide high quality results. The practical importance is that networking has been able to promote international research and development projects. The results of this study are important for those who want to design and improve international networks in higher education.<o:p></o:p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balanced%20scorecard" title="balanced scorecard">balanced scorecard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networking" title=" social networking"> social networking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20planning" title=" strategic planning"> strategic planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45062/quality-and-quantity-in-the-strategic-network-of-higher-education-institutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2353</span> Controlling Cocoa Pod Borer, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snell.) and Cost Analysis Production at Cacao Plantation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alam%20Anshary">Alam Anshary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flora%20Pasaru"> Flora Pasaru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahabuddin"> Shahabuddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Cocoa Pod Borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella (Snell.) is present on most of the larger cocoa producing islands in Indonesia. Various control measures CPB has been carried out by the farmers, but the results have not been effective. This study aims to determine the effect of application of Beauveria bassiana treatments and pruning technique to the control of CPB in the cocoa plantation people. Research using completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications, treatment consists of B.bassiana, Pruning, B. bassiana+pruning (Bb + Pr), as well as the control. The results showed that the percentage of PBK attack on cocoa pods in treatment (Bb + Pr) 3.50% the lowest compared to other treatments. CPB attack percentage in treatment B.bassiana 6.15%; pruning 8.75%, and 15.20% control. Results of the analysis of production estimates, the known treatments (Bb + Pr) have the highest production (1.95 tonnes / ha). The model results estimated production is Y= 0,20999 + 0,53968X1 + 0,34298X2+ 0,31410X3 + 0,35629X4 + 0,08345X5 + 0,29732X6. Farm production costs consist of fixed costs and variable costs, fixed costs are costs incurred by the farmer that the size does not affect the results, such as taxes and depreciation of production equipment. Variable costs are costs incurred by farmers who used up in one year cocoa farming activities. The cost of production in farming cocoa without integrated techniques control of CPB is Rp. 9.205.550 million/ha, while the cost of production with integrated techniques control is Rp. 6.666.050 million/ha. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cacao" title="cacao">cacao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cocoa%20pod%20borer" title=" cocoa pod borer"> cocoa pod borer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pruning" title=" pruning"> pruning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beauveria%20bassiana" title=" Beauveria bassiana"> Beauveria bassiana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20costs" title=" production costs"> production costs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36233/controlling-cocoa-pod-borer-conopomorpha-cramerella-snell-and-cost-analysis-production-at-cacao-plantation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2352</span> Batman Forever: The Economics of Overlapping Rights</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Franziska%20Kaiser">Franziska Kaiser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Cuntz"> Alexander Cuntz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When copyrighted comic characters are also protected under trademark laws, intellectual property (IP) rights can overlap. Arguably, registering a trademark can increase transaction costs for cross-media uses of characters, or it can favor advertise across a number of sales channels. In an application to book, movie, and video game publishing industries, we thus ask how creative reuse is affected in situations of overlapping rights and whether ‘fuzzy boundaries’ of right frameworks are, in fact, enhancing or decreasing content sales. We use a major U.S. Supreme Court decision as a quasi-natural experiment to apply an IV estimation in our analysis. We find that overlapping rights frameworks negatively affect creative reuses. At large, when copyright-protected comic characters are additionally registered as U.S. trademarks, they are less often reprinted and enter fewer video game productions while generating less revenue from game sales. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copyright" title="copyright">copyright</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fictional%20characters" title=" fictional characters"> fictional characters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trademark" title=" trademark"> trademark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reuse" title=" reuse"> reuse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135146/batman-forever-the-economics-of-overlapping-rights" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2351</span> The Potential of Dinar (Gold) Currency as the Main Object Transaction in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ilham%20Agus%20Salim">Muhammad Ilham Agus Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ali"> Mohammad Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, we have elaborated a study over the nature of Islamic financial transaction by comparing between Dinar and IDR currency in Indonesia. We have found the interesting issue among scholars and practitioners in which Dinar would be a single currency ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), then becoming motivation and added value research. The assessment among dinar volatility analysis for three years ago and IDR fluctuation as well as outlook qualitative test regarding dinar are components of analysis that weak Indonesian currency should be altered to be better coinage. The value of dinar more stable than IDR and also eligible as a currency e.g. limited quantities, easy to carry, durable, easy to saved, and has the same quality. On the other hand, the existing of IDR has defeated by inflation. The EViews program explained that Dinar at current level still fluctuate, but in the first different have fixed variant. The result of analysis describing that dinar has potential as the medium exchange, because the material of dinar is relevant and feasible since 14 century until present. Therefore, dinar should be considered to solve Indonesia crisis today. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medium%20of%20exchange" title="medium of exchange">medium of exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dinar%20%26%20IDR%20currency" title=" dinar & IDR currency"> dinar & IDR currency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatility%20analysis" title=" volatility analysis"> volatility analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EViews%20program" title=" EViews program"> EViews program</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29155/the-potential-of-dinar-gold-currency-as-the-main-object-transaction-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 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